FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mohammed, R Stevenson, DM Weimer, PJ Penner, GB Beauchemin, KA AF Mohammed, R. Stevenson, D. M. Weimer, P. J. Penner, G. B. Beauchemin, K. A. TI Individual animal variability in ruminal bacterial communities and ruminal acidosis in primiparous Holstein cows during the periparturient period SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE individual animal variability; periparturient period; ruminal acidosis; ruminal bacterial community ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; HIGH-GRAIN DIET; TRANSITION PERIOD; FATTY-ACIDS; CHEWING ACTIVITY; FEED-INTAKE; RUMEN; PH; METABOLISM; FORAGE AB The purpose of this study was to investigate variability among individual cows in their severity of ruminal acidosis (RA) pre- and postpartum, and determine whether this variability was related to differences in their ruminal bacterial community composition (BCC). Variability in the severity of RA among individual cows was characterized based on ruminal fermentation variables. Effects of prepartum dietary treatment on the severity of RA were also examined. Fourteen Holstein heifers paired by expected calving date and BCS were allotted to 1 of 2 prepartum dietary treatments: low-concentrate or high-concentrate diets. All cows received the same lactation diet postpartum. Microbial DNA extracted from 58 ruminal digesta samples in total collected prepartum (d -50, -31, and -14; 27 samples) and postpartum (d +14 and +52; 31 samples) and amplified by PCR, were subjected to automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. Changes in ruminal variables over time [pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and acidosis indicators, including duration and area under the rumen pH curve below 5.8, 5.5, and 5.2, measured on d 54, -35, -14, -3, +3, +17, +37, and +58] were analyzed using principal components analysis. Based on the shift (defined as the distance of the mean loadings) between the prepartum and postpartum period for each cow, the 14 cows were classified into 3 groups: least acidotic (n = 5), most acidotic (n = 5), and intermediate (n = 4). Cows in the most acidotic group had greater severity of RA (measured as duration of total RA, mild RA, moderate RA, and acute RA; area under the pH curve for total RA, mild RA, and moderate RA) postpartum than prepartum, and this difference between periods was greater than for the least acidotic cows. Similarly, the RA index (total area of pH <5.8 normalized to intake) showed an interaction between severity of RA and period. The variation in the severity of RA was independent of intake, total VFA concentration, and individual VFA proportions. Production variables (milk yield, fat percentage, fat yield, fat-corrected milk, and efficiency of milk production) were not influenced by the severity of RA. Ruminal BCC was not influenced by dietary treatment or period. However, some cows experienced greater shift in BCC than other cows across the periods. Based on the magnitude of the shift in BCC (distance between mean ordination values across the periods for each cow), cows were grouped into 3 BCC profile categories: stable (5 cows with lesser shift), unstable (5 cows with greater shift), and intermediate (4 cows with average shift). Cows demonstrating a greater shift in BCC were not necessarily those in the most acidotic group and vice versa. The shift in ruminal fermentation variables (principal components analysis rankings) and the shift in BCC (automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis rankings) between pre- and postpartum were not related (n = 14; R-2 = 0.00). It was concluded that not all cows are equally susceptible to RA and postpartum shifts in BCC appear to be independent of the differences in the severity of RA postpartum. C1 [Mohammed, R.; Beauchemin, K. A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Mohammed, R.; Stevenson, D. M.; Weimer, P. J.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Penner, G. B.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Beauchemin, KA (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. EM beauchemink@agr.gc.ca FU Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Lethbridge, AB, Canada) FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Lethbridge, AB, Canada). We thank Bev Farr and Chase Wendorff (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) for their assistance with pH measurement and ruminal samples collection, and the farm staff at Lethbridge Research Center for feeding and care of the experimental animals. We thank Tony Entz (Lethbridge Research Center) for statistical advice. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6716 EP 6730 DI 10.3168/jds.2012-5772 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 024KB UT WOS:000310107000056 PM 22981585 ER PT J AU Shwiff, SA Carlson, JC Glass, JH Suckow, J Lowney, MS Moxcey, KM Larson, B Linz, GM AF Shwiff, S. A. Carlson, J. C. Glass, J. H. Suckow, J. Lowney, M. S. Moxcey, K. M. Larson, B. Linz, G. M. TI Producer survey of bird-livestock interactions in commercial dairies SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; economic damage; bird; disease ID FREE-RANGING BIRDS; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EUROPEAN STARLINGS; BLACKBIRDS; CATTLE; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; FEEDLOT; COSTS AB The objective of this producer survey was to identify and estimate damage caused by bird-livestock interactions in commercial dairies. The interactions between birds and livestock have previously been implicated in causing economic damage while contributing to the environmental dissemination of microorganisms pathogenic to livestock and humans. Very little research exists to help producers understand what bird species use dairies, why they use dairies, or the scope and nature of damage created as a result of bird-livestock interactions. To better characterize these interactions, we surveyed dairy operators within Pennsylvania, New York, and Wisconsin. Survey results suggest that the most common and destructive bird species found on commercial dairies are invasive to North America, and their use of dairies is associated with the loss of cattle feed, increased operating costs, and an increase in dairies self-reporting Salmonella spp. and Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. Cattle feed loss estimates generated from this survey were used to parameterize an input-output (IO) economic model using data from 10 counties in the state of Pennsylvania (Bedford, Berks, Blair, Bradford, Chester, Cumberland, Franklin, Lancaster, Lebanon, and Somerset). This IO model allowed us to estimate direct, indirect, and induced economic effects of feed loss from bird damage to dairies within these counties. The IO model output suggests that feed loss costs Pennsylvania between $4.11 and $12.08 million (mean $10.6 million) in total economic damage, with approximately 43 to 128 jobs (mean 112) forgone statewide in 2009. C1 [Shwiff, S. A.; Carlson, J. C.; Moxcey, K. M.; Larson, B.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Glass, J. H.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Penn Wildlife Serv, Harrisburg, PA 17106 USA. [Suckow, J.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wisconsin Wildlife Serv, Sun Prairie, WI 53590 USA. [Lowney, M. S.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, New York Wildlife Serv, Castleton, NY 12033 USA. [Linz, G. M.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Carlson, JC (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM james.c.carlson@aphis.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6820 EP 6829 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-5216 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 024KB UT WOS:000310107000068 PM 22981584 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE Potter, T Maron, JL AF Pearson, Dean E. Potter, Teal Maron, John L. TI Biotic resistance: exclusion of native rodent consumers releases populations of a weak invader SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; biotic resistance; exotic plant; granivory; herbivory; invasion ecology; Peromyscus maniculatus; recruitment; Spermophilus columbianus; Tragopogon dubius ID EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; OLD FIELD SUCCESSION; SEED PREDATION; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; LONG-TERM; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GROUND COVER; GRASSLAND; RECRUITMENT AB Biotic resistance is a commonly invoked hypothesis to explain why most exotic plant species naturalize at low abundance. Although numerous studies have documented negative impacts of native consumers on exotic plant performance, longer-term multi-generation studies are needed to understand how native consumer damage to exotics translates to their population-level suppression over large landscapes. We used rodent exclosures and embedded seed-addition experiments to evaluate the effects of rodent herbivory and granivory on populations of Tragopogon dubius, a Eurasian aster that typically occurs at low abundance across North America. Vegetation surveys encompassing 20 000 km2 of west-central Montana grasslands established that T. dubius is regionally well distributed, occurring in 81% of 16 grasslands sampled. However, it consistently occurred at low local abundance, averaging < 0.5% cover in 1 m2 plots. In large rodent exclosures, T. dubius attained population densities that averaged over five times higher than in paired rodent-access control plots at 11 grassland sites spread over 750 km2. This pattern was six times stronger in older compared with newer rodent exclosures, indicating enclosed populations were still increasing. Floral herbivory, which reduces or prevents reproduction in this biennial plant, decreased by 99% in rodent exclosures compared with control plots. Additionally, seedling establishment was nearly eight times higher in seed-addition subplots within versus outside of rodent exclosures. Synthesis. Our findings illustrate how biotic resistance from granivory and florivory of native generalist rodents can provide an important ecosystem service by strongly limiting the local abundance of a widely distributed exotic weed. C1 [Pearson, Dean E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Pearson, Dean E.; Potter, Teal; Maron, John L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM dpearson@fs.fed.us FU NSF [DEB-0915409]; USDA CSREES [2005-35101-16040]; Rocky Mountain Research Station Competitive Research Initiative grant; President's Early Career Award in Science and Engineering FX We thank J. Brodie, Y. Ortega and anonymous reviewers for valuable manuscript feedback. S. Baggett advised on statistical analyses. T. Andrews, J. Birdsall, W. Brann, J. Brewer, C. Brown, K. Farrar, L. Glasgow, B. Goodheart, W. Hansen, W. Hansen, C. Henderson, Y. Ortega, L. Parker, A. Pons, A. Semple and M. Wegener helped in the field. Research was supported by NSF DEB-0915409 and USDA CSREES 2005-35101-16040 grants to J.L.M. and D.E.P., Rocky Mountain Research Station Competitive Research Initiative grant to D.E.P. and J.L.M., and funding from the President's Early Career Award in Science and Engineering to D.E.P. NR 66 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1383 EP 1390 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02025.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027FE UT WOS:000310336500010 ER PT J AU Maron, JL Pearson, DE Potter, T Ortega, YK AF Maron, John L. Pearson, Dean E. Potter, Teal Ortega, Yvette K. TI Seed size and provenance mediate the joint effects of disturbance and seed predation on community assembly SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community assembly; competition; disturbance; exotic species; invasion; plant population and community dynamics; post-dispersal seed predation; recruitment; seed limitation; seed size ID HERBACEOUS PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SPECIES-RICHNESS; APPARENT COMPETITION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOWING EXPERIMENT; GROUND COVER; RECRUITMENT; ESTABLISHMENT; GRASSLAND; LIMITATION AB Local plant community assembly is influenced by a series of filters that affect the recruitment and establishment of species. These filters include regional factors that limit seeds of any given species from reaching a local site as well as local interactions such as post-dispersal seed predation and disturbance, which dictate what species actually establish. How these filters interact to influence recruitment into local assemblages, and whether they act differentially on individual species based on traits such as seed size or their provenance (i.e. native vs. exotic), has not been well examined. Such studies, however, are crucial for understanding community assembly and for making predictions about what species might be favoured under specific ecological circumstances. We added 20 native and 19 exotic species that varied in seed size to undisturbed or experimentally disturbed subplots in and out of larger rodent exclusion plots at ten grassland sites across the Blackfoot River drainage in western Montana, USA. Individually, exclusion of rodent seed predators and disturbance substantially increased cumulative (summed across all species) seedling recruitment. Exclusion of rodent seed predators enhanced recruitment to a greater extent in disturbed rather than undisturbed plots and for native species compared with exotics, while disturbance enhanced recruitment to a greater extent for exotics compared with natives. Examination of individual species responses indicated that results were generalizable across species within each group and not driven by the response of a few species. Seed size mediated these patterns. Notably, the positive effect of rodent exclusion on recruitment was greater for large- versus small-seeded species, while the impact of disturbance on recruitment was more pronounced for small-seeded exotics relative to other groups. Synthesis. These results reveal that local filters such as post-dispersal seed predation and disturbance can individually and collectively impose strong limitation on seedling recruitment into local assemblages. Seed size importantly predicts how strongly individual species are influenced by these local filters. Interestingly, in situ community filters have differential effects on native versus exotic species, suggesting that processes that limit native recruitment may not have the same inhibitory influence on exotics. C1 [Maron, John L.; Pearson, Dean E.; Potter, Teal] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Pearson, Dean E.; Ortega, Yvette K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Maron, JL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM john.maron@mso.umt.edu FU USDA CSREES [2005-35101 16040]; NSF [DEB 0614406] FX We thank Tyler Andrews, Cedar Brant, William Braun, Jessica Brewer, Carl Brown, Kaitlyn Farrar, Ben Goodheart, Warren Hansen, Winslow Hansen, Chris Henderson, Peter Lesica, Maria Mullins, Leslie Parker, Sarah Pinto, Anna Semple, Sage Stowell, Lauren Waller and Matt Wegener for field or laboratory assistance. We thank the Montana Department of Fish Wildlife and Parks, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Montana, and the E Bar L Ranch and Gloria and Doug Roarke for allowing us to work on their lands. This research was supported with grants from the USDA CSREES (2005-35101 16040) and NSF (DEB 0614406) to J.L.M. and D.E.P. NR 67 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 102 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1492 EP 1500 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02027.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027FE UT WOS:000310336500021 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Klaus, MW Cha, DH Linn, CE Goughnour, RB Feder, JL AF Yee, Wee L. Klaus, Michael W. Cha, Dong H. Linn, Charles E., Jr. Goughnour, Robert B. Feder, Jeffrey L. TI Abundance of apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella, across different areas in central Washington, with special reference to black-fruited hawthorns SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Crataegus douglasii; Diptera; larval infestation levels; Tephritidae; trapping ID HOST-PLANT USE; DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE; FLY; CRATAEGUS; FLIES; STATE AB The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), infests non-commercial apple (Malus domestica (Borkh.) Borkh.) and native black-fruited hawthorns (mostly Crataegus douglasii Lindl.) in central Washington, but little has been published on the abundance of the fly in this region. In this paper, the abundance of R. pomonella across different sites near apple-growing areas in central Washington is documented in order to assess the threat of the fly to commercial apple orchards. The fly was first detected on traps in Klickitat, Yakima, and Kittitas Counties in 1981, 1995, and 1997, respectively. From 1981-2010 in Kittitas and Yakima Counties, only 0 to 4.7% of traps on apple, crabapple, and hawthorn trees were positive for flies, whereas in Klickitat County, located farther from commercial apple orchards, 0 to 41.9% of traps were positive. In 2008, in Yakima County and Goldendale in Klickitat County, 7.8% of black-fruited hawthorn trees were infested, with 0 to 0.00054 larvae per fruit. In 2010, in Kittitas and Yakima Counties and Goldendale in Klickitat County, 25.0% of C. douglasii trees were infested, with 0.00042 to 0.00248 larvae per fruit. In 2010, in a remote forested area of Klickitat County far from commercial apple orchards, 94.7% of C. douglasii trees were infested, with 0.20813 larvae per fruit. Overall results suggest R. pomonella is unlikely to develop high populations rapidly near major commercial apple-growing areas in central Washington, including in black-fruited hawthorns, increasing chances it can be kept out of commercial orchards. C1 [Yee, Wee L.; Cha, Dong H.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Klaus, Michael W.] Washington State Dept Agr, Yakima, WA 98902 USA. [Linn, Charles E., Jr.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Goughnour, Robert B.] Washington State Univ, Res & Extens Unit, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. [Feder, Jeffrey L.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Galvin Life Sci Ctr 100, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov; mklaus@agr.wa.gov; dong.cha@ars.usda.gov; cel1@cornell.edu; grblakee@hotmail.com; Jeffrey.L.Feder.2@nd.edu RI Cha, Dong/A-3977-2013 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 124 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032OC UT WOS:000310727600001 PM 23451979 ER PT J AU Yan, X Pepper, MP Vatamaniuk, MZ Roneker, CA Li, L Lei, XG AF Yan, Xi Pepper, Matthew P. Vatamaniuk, Marko Z. Roneker, Carol A. Li, Li Lei, Xin Gen TI Dietary Selenium Deficiency Partially Rescues Type 2 Diabetes-Like Phenotypes of Glutathione Peroxidase-1-Overexpressing Male Mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; METABOLIC-REGULATION; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; SODIUM SELENATE; SELENOPROTEIN P; SERUM SELENIUM; US ADULTS; IN-VIVO AB This study was conducted to determine whether dietary Se deficiency precluded overproduction of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) activity in mice overexpressing (OE) this gene and thus rescued their type 2 diabetes like phenotypes. A total of 20 male OE and wild-type (WT) mice were fed an Se-deficient (<0.02 mg/kg) diet or an Se-supplemented (0.3 mg/kg as sodium selenite) diet from to 5 mo of age. Dietary Se deficiency eliminated or attenuated (P < 0.05) genotype differences in concentrations of blood glucose, plasma insulin, and/or hepatic lipids, insulin sensitivity, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at the end of the study. Dietary Se deficiency decreased (P < 0.05) OE islet mRNA levels of 2 key transcriptional activators (Beta2 and Foxa2) and removed genotype differences in islet mRNA levels of 7 genes (Beta2, Cfos, Foxa2, Pregluc, Ins1, p53, and Sun) related to insulin synthesis and secretion. Compared with those of the Se-adequate OE mice, the Se-deficient OE mice had lower (P < 0.05) hepatic mRNA levels of 2 key rate-limiting enzymes for lipogenesis (Acc1) and glycolysis (Gk1), along with lower (P < 0.05) activities of hepatic glucokinase and muscle phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Dietary Se deficiency also decreased (P < 0.05) blood glucose and hepatic lipid concentrations in the WT mice. In conclusion, dietary Se deficiency precluded the overproduction of GPX1 in full-fed OE mice and partially rescued their metabolic syndromes. This alleviation resulted from modulating the expression and/or function of proinsulin genes, lipogenesis rate-limiting enzyme genes, and key glycolysis and gluconeogenesis enzymes in islets, liver, and muscle. J. Nutr. 142: 1975-1982, 2012. C1 [Yan, Xi; Pepper, Matthew P.; Vatamaniuk, Marko Z.; Roneker, Carol A.; Lei, Xin Gen] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Li, Li] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Lei, XG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM xl20@cornell.edu FU NIH [DK 53018] FX Supported in part by NIH grant no. DK 53018 (X.G.L.). NR 58 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 142 IS 11 BP 1975 EP 1982 DI 10.3945/jn.112.164764 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028IQ UT WOS:000310416400009 PM 23014491 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Clarke, LL AF Wong, William W. Clarke, Lucinda L. TI A Hydrogen Gas-Water Equilibration Method Produces Accurate and Precise Stable Hydrogen Isotope Ratio Measurements in Nutrition Studies SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FORMULA-FED INFANTS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; (H2O)-H-2-O-18 METHOD; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; PRETERM INFANTS; MILK INTAKE; H-2 H-1; SAMPLES; DEUTERIUM; O-18 AB Stable hydrogen isotope methodology is used in nutrition studies to measure growth, breast milk intake, and energy requirement. Isotope ratio MS is the best instrumentation to measure the stable hydrogen isotope ratios in physiological fluids. Conventional methods to convert physiological fluids to hydrogen gas (H-2) for mass spectrometric analysis are labor intensive, require special reagent, and involve memory effect and potential isotope fractionation. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy and precision of a platinum catalyzed H-2-water equilibration method for stable hydrogen isotope ratio measurements. Time to reach isotopic equilibrium, day-to-day and week-to-week reproducibility, accuracy, and precision of stable hydrogen isotope ratio measurements by the H-2-water equilibration method were assessed using a Thermo DELTA V Advantage continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. It took 3 h to reach isotopic equilibrium. The day-to-day and week-to-week measurements on water and urine samples with natural abundance and enriched levels of deuterium were highly reproducible. The method was accurate to within 2.8 parts per thousand and reproducible to within 4.0 parts per thousand based on analysis of international references. All the outcome variables, whether in urine samples collected in 10 doubly labeled water studies or plasma samples collected in 26 body water studies, did not differ from those obtained using the reference zinc reduction method. The method produced highly accurate estimation on ad libitum energy intakes, body composition, and water turnover rates. The method greatly reduces the analytical cost and could easily be adopted by laboratories equipped with a continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. J. Nutr. 142: 2057-2062, 2012. C1 [Wong, William W.; Clarke, Lucinda L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, Agr Res Serv Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wong, WW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, Agr Res Serv Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM wwong@bcm.edu FU NIH National Center for Research Resources Shared Instrumentation Grant [1S10RR026764-01]; USDA/Agricultural Research Service [6250-51000-053] FX Supported by the NIH National Center for Research Resources Shared Instrumentation Grant (1S10RR026764-01) and USDA/Agricultural Research Service grant no. 6250-51000-053. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA or the NIH, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 142 IS 11 BP 2057 EP 2062 DI 10.3945/jn.112.167957 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028IQ UT WOS:000310416400020 PM 23014490 ER PT J AU Reynolds, KA Boone, S Bright, KR Gerba, CP AF Reynolds, Kelly A. Boone, Stephanie Bright, Kelly R. Gerba, Charles P. TI Occurrence of Household Mold and Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite Disinfectant SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE allergens; disinfectant; fungi; household hygiene ID HOME DAMPNESS; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; BUILDING-MATERIALS; UNITED-STATES; INDOOR MOLD; FUNGI; ASTHMA; EXPOSURE; AFTERMATH AB The occurrence and distribution of mold on household surfaces and the efficacy of bleach-based (sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) disinfectants on mold viability and allergenicity was documented. Household microenvironments prone to increased moisture were specifically targeted. Using the sticky tape method, 1330 samples were collected from non-porous indoor surfaces of 160 homes across the United States, and analyzed for mid. Homes were randomly selected and recruited via phone interviews. Culture and immunoassays were used to measure the viability and reduction of allergenic properties of Aspergillus fumigatus following 2.4% NaOCl treatment. All homes and 72.9% of surfaces tested positive for mold. Windowsills were the most frequently contaminated site (87.5%) and Cladosporium the most commonly identified mold (31.0%). Five-minute exposures to 2.4% NaOCl resulted in a >3 to >6-log(10) reduction of culturable mold counts in controlled laboratory studies. Organisms were nonculturable after 5- and 10-min contact times on non-porous and porous ceramic carriers, respectively, and A. fumigatus spore-eluted allergen levels were reduced by an average 95.8% in 30 sec, as indicated by immunoassay. All homes are contaminated with some level of mold, and regrowth is likely in moisture-prone microenvironments. The use of low concentrations (2.4%) of NaOCl for the reduction of culturable indoor mold and related allergens is effective and recommended. C1 [Reynolds, Kelly A.] Univ Arizona, Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Boone, Stephanie] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. [Bright, Kelly R.; Gerba, Charles P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. RP Reynolds, KA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM reynolds@u.arizona.edu NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 9 IS 11 BP 663 EP 669 DI 10.1080/15459624.2012.724650 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 026EN UT WOS:000310257200006 PM 23016564 ER PT J AU Bailey, RL Fulgoni, VL Keast, DR Lentino, CV Dwyer, JT AF Bailey, Regan L. Fulgoni, Victor L., III Keast, Debra R. Lentino, Cindy V. Dwyer, Johanna T. TI Do Dietary Supplements Improve Micronutrient Sufficiency in Children and Adolescents? SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIVITAMIN-MULTIMINERAL SUPPLEMENTS; NUTRIENT INTAKE; ADULTS; NONUSERS; USERS; NUTRITION; MINERALS; ENERGY; HEALTH AB Objective To examine if children use supplements to fill gaps in nutritionally inadequate diets or whether supplements contribute to already adequate or excessive micronutrient intakes from foods. Study design Data were analyzed for children (2-18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey (n = 7250). Diet was assessed using two 24-hour recalls, and dietary supplement use was assessed with a 30-day questionnaire. Results Prevalence of supplements use was 21% (<2 years) and 42% (2-8 years). Supplement users had higher micronutrient intakes than nonusers. Calcium and vitamin D intakes were low for all children. Inadequate intakes of phosphorus, copper, selenium, folate, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 were minimal from foods alone among 2-8 year olds. However, among 9-18 year olds, a higher prevalence of inadequate intakes of magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamins A, C, and E were observed. Supplement use increased the likelihood of intakes above the upper tolerable intake level for iron, zinc, copper, selenium, folic acid, and vitamins A and C. Conclusions Even with the use of supplements, more than a one-third of children failed to meet calcium and vitamin D recommendations. Children 2-8 years old had nutritionally adequate diets regardless of supplement use. However, in children older than 8 years, dietary supplements added micronutrients to diets that would have otherwise been inadequate for magnesium, phosphorus, vitamins A, C, and E. Supplement use contributed to the potential for excess intakes of some nutrients. These findings may have implications for reformulating dietary supplements for children. (J Pediatr 2012;161:837-42). C1 [Bailey, Regan L.; Lentino, Cindy V.; Dwyer, Johanna T.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI USA. [Keast, Debra R.] Food & Nutr Database Res Inc, Okemos, MI USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bailey, RL (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,Rm 3B01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM baileyr@mail.nih.gov OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU United States Department of Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health; Fortification Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute, North American Branch FX Supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture Research Service (agreement 58-1950-7-707) and the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health. Data generation was funded by the Fortification Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute, North American Branch. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 30 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 161 IS 5 BP 837 EP + DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.009 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 027RJ UT WOS:000310370600016 PM 22717218 ER PT J AU Gladue, DP O'Donnell, V Baker-Branstetter, R Holinka, LG Pacheco, JM Fernandez-Sainz, I Lu, Z Brocchi, E Baxt, B Piccone, ME Rodriguez, L Borca, MV AF Gladue, D. P. O'Donnell, V. Baker-Branstetter, R. Holinka, L. G. Pacheco, J. M. Fernandez-Sainz, I. Lu, Z. Brocchi, E. Baxt, B. Piccone, M. E. Rodriguez, L. Borca, M. V. TI Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Nonstructural Protein 2C Interacts with Beclin1, Modulating Virus Replication SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID 1-DEPENDENT AUTOPHAGY; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; 2-HYBRID SYSTEM; MOLECULAR-BASIS; COMPLEX; CELLS; BCL-2; APOPTOSIS; PATHWAY; TRANSLATION AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease, is an Apthovirus within the Picornaviridae family. Replication of the virus occurs in association with replication complexes that are formed by host cell membrane rearrangements. The largest viral protein in the replication complex, 2C, is thought to have multiple roles during virus replication. However, studies examining the function of FMDV 2C have been rather limited. To better understand the role of 2C in the process of virus replication, we used a yeast two-hybrid approach to identify host proteins that interact with 2C. We report here that cellular Beclin1 is a specific host binding partner for 2C. Beclin1 is a regulator of the autophagy pathway, a metabolic pathway required for efficient FMDV replication. The 2C-Beclin1 interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy to actually occur in FMDV-infected cells. Overexpression of either Beclin1 or Bcl-2, another important autophagy factor, strongly affects virus yield in cell culture. The fusion of lysosomes to autophagosomes containing viral proteins is not seen during FMDV infection, a process that is stimulated by Beclin1; however, in FMDV-infected cells overexpressing Beclin1 this fusion occurs, suggesting that 2C would bind to Beclin1 to prevent the fusion of lysosomes to autophagosomes, allowing for virus survival. Using reverse genetics, we demonstrate here that modifications to the amino acids in 2C that are critical for interaction with Beclin1 are also critical for virus growth. These results suggest that interaction between FMDV 2C and host protein Beclin1 could be essential for virus replication. C1 [Gladue, D. P.; O'Donnell, V.; Baker-Branstetter, R.; Holinka, L. G.; Pacheco, J. M.; Fernandez-Sainz, I.; Baxt, B.; Piccone, M. E.; Rodriguez, L.; Borca, M. V.] USDA, ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. [Lu, Z.] DHS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. [Brocchi, E.] Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Lombardia & Emilia, Brescia, Italy. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. EM manuel.borca@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Gladue, Douglas/0000-0002-7894-0233; Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 46 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 86 IS 22 BP 12080 EP 12090 DI 10.1128/JVI.01610-12 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 027MK UT WOS:000310356400011 PM 22933281 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Royle, JA Desimone, R Schwartz, MK Edwards, VL Pilgrim, KP Mckelvey, KS AF Russell, Robin E. Royle, J. Andrew Desimone, Richard Schwartz, Michael K. Edwards, Victoria L. Pilgrim, Kristy P. Mckelvey, Kevin S. TI Estimating abundance of mountain lions from unstructured spatial sampling SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; cougars; genetic sampling; Montana; Puma concolor; snow tracking; spatial capture-recapture; spatial models ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; MARK-RECAPTURE; CARNIVORE MANAGEMENT; HUNTED POPULATION; NATIONAL-PARK; BEAR DENSITY; SNOW TRACKS; COUGARS; INFERENCE AB Mountain lions (Puma concolor) are often difficult to monitor because of their low capture probabilities, extensive movements, and large territories. Methods for estimating the abundance of this species are needed to assess population status, determine harvest levels, evaluate the impacts of management actions on populations, and derive conservation and management strategies. Traditional markrecapture methods do not explicitly account for differences in individual capture probabilities due to the spatial distribution of individuals in relation to survey effort (or trap locations). However, recent advances in the analysis of capturerecapture data have produced methods estimating abundance and density of animals from spatially explicit capturerecapture data that account for heterogeneity in capture probabilities due to the spatial organization of individuals and traps. We adapt recently developed spatial capturerecapture models to estimate density and abundance of mountain lions in western Montana. Volunteers and state agency personnel collected mountain lion DNA samples in portions of the Blackfoot drainage (7,908?km2) in west-central Montana using 2 methods: snow back-tracking mountain lion tracks to collect hair samples and biopsy darting treed mountain lions to obtain tissue samples. Overall, we recorded 72 individual capture events, including captures both with and without tissue sample collection and hair samples resulting in the identification of 50 individual mountain lions (30 females, 19 males, and 1 unknown sex individual). We estimated lion densities from 8 models containing effects of distance, sex, and survey effort on detection probability. Our population density estimates ranged from a minimum of 3.7 mountain lions/100?km2 (95% CI 2.35.7) under the distance only model (including only an effect of distance on detection probability) to 6.7 (95% CI 3.111.0) under the full model (including effects of distance, sex, survey effort, and distance?x?sex on detection probability). These numbers translate to a total estimate of 293 mountain lions (95% CI 182451) to 529 (95% CI 245870) within the Blackfoot drainage. Results from the distance model are similar to previous estimates of 3.6 mountain lions/100?km2 for the study area; however, results from all other models indicated greater numbers of mountain lions. Our results indicate that unstructured spatial sampling combined with spatial capturerecapture analysis can be an effective method for estimating large carnivore densities. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Russell, Robin E.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Desimone, Richard; Edwards, Victoria L.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.; Pilgrim, Kristy P.; Mckelvey, Kevin S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rerussell@usgs.gov RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Montana and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grants FX Project funding and support was provided by the sale of hunting and fishing licenses in Montana and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grants. Numerous biologists, technicians, and houndsmen made this project possible. We acknowledge the support of local communities, ranchers, and landowners for allowing access to their land. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) provided access to BLM lands and shared information about fresh lion tracks. The Missoula office of the Plum Creek Timber Company provided maps of the study and granted access. We thank H. Robinson, B. Gardner, G. White, M. Kery, G. Sargeant, and 1 anonymous reviewer for reviews that increased the clarity of the manuscript. We also thank P. Minton-Edison and C. Engkjer for their help in the genetics laboratory. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 140 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 76 IS 8 BP 1551 EP 1561 DI 10.1002/jwmg.412 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 026DB UT WOS:000310252300003 ER PT J AU Davidson, GA Johnson, BK Noyes, JH Dick, BL Wisdom, MJ AF Davidson, Gregory A. Johnson, Bruce K. Noyes, James H. Dick, Brian L. Wisdom, Michael J. TI Effect of archer density on elk pregnancy rates and conception dates SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE archery; Cervus elaphus; conception date; elk; hunter density; hunting; nutritional condition; Oregon; pregnancy rate ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; MULE DEER; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; RED DEER; PREDICTIVE MODELS; AGE; POPULATION; MOVEMENT; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS AB Archery hunting in Oregon has increased dramatically over the past 2 decades. At the same time, spring juvenile to adult female ratios of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) have been declining. This has raised concern that archery seasons may be disrupting elk breeding and contributing to the decline in recruitment. Two mechanisms could contribute to reduced juvenile:female ratios: 1) reduced pregnancy rates, and 2) delayed conception dates because of human disturbance during the rut. We varied the number of archery hunters at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range over 13 years to evaluate effects of archer density on reproduction of elk. Archer densities were maintained at high densities during 4 years ((x)over-bar =1.09 tags sold/km(2)), low densities during 3 year ((x)over-bar = 0.53 tags sold/km(2), and no archers during 6 years. We determined pregnancy status, age, kidney fat index (KFI), lactation status, and fetus conception dates for 622 female elk harvested in December. We found pregnancy rate differences of 0.105, 0.080, and 0.021 between high and no archer density years (P=0.004), high and low archer density years (P=0.054), and low and no archer density years (P=0.616), respectively. Conception dates were 4 days later for high archer density compared to low archer density (P=0.006), but did not differ between high and no archer years (2 days; P=0.136) or between low and no archer years (2 days; P=0.108). We compared generalized linear model estimates of pregnancy rates and determined pregnancy rates for 28% of the lactating female elk to be affected by high archer density, whereas archer densities had no significant affect on pregnancy rate estimates for non-lactating females. We found no difference in conception dates among archer densities when comparing model estimates. Our results suggest that archer density and its interaction with nutritional condition of elk influence pregnancy rates of lactating females with low KFI levels; however, the effect of archer density alone does not explain the magnitude of decline in juvenile to female ratios observed in Oregon. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Davidson, Gregory A.; Johnson, Bruce K.; Noyes, James H.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Dick, Brian L.; Wisdom, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Davidson, GA (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM greg.a.davidson@state.or.us FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grant [W-87-R]; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; United States Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX The study was supported by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grant W-87-R, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the United States Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. We appreciate the efforts of project personnel C. D. Borum, P. K. Coe, S. L. Findholt, R. O. Kennedy, P. B. Kennington, L. Naylor, J. C. Nothwang, A. Stokes, and R. J. Stussy. R. L. Green assisted with laboratory exams of elk reproductive organs, kidney fat measurements, and processing teeth for age determination. We thank J. G. Cook, R. C. Cook, R. M. Nielson, and G. C. White for suggestions during the analysis. Draft manuscripts were reviewed by D. Clark, A. C. Heath, M. T. Kirsch, S. McCorquodale, and 2 anonymous reviewers. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 76 IS 8 BP 1676 EP 1685 DI 10.1002/jwmg.411 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 026DB UT WOS:000310252300017 ER PT J AU Ordenana, MA Van Vuren, DH Draper, JP AF Ordenana, Miguel A. Van Vuren, Dirk H. Draper, John P. TI Habitat associations of California ground squirrels and Botta's pocket gophers on levees in California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Botta's pocket gopher; burrowing mammals; California ground squirrel; habitat associations; levee vegetation; Otospermophilus beecheyi; Sacramento Valley; Thomomys bottae ID YELLOW-BELLIED MARMOTS; THOMOMYS-BOTTAE; PREDATION RISK; BEHAVIOR; FLAVIVENTRIS; POPULATIONS; GRASSLAND; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; FOREST AB Vegetation management on levees, especially removal of trees and shrubs, might affect burrowing mammals that are considered threats to levee integrity. We evaluated habitat associations of California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi) and Botta's pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae) on levees in the Sacramento Valley to assess the effects of levee vegetation management on these species. Using burrows as an indirect measure of mammal presence, we found that the presence of trees had a negative effect on the occurrence and abundance of ground squirrels on levees, and on the location of their burrowing activities on the levee slope, potentially because visual occlusion caused by tall woody vegetation impedes detection of predators. Similarly, trees had a negative effect on the abundance of pocket gophers on levees and on the location of their burrowing activities on the levee slope, probably because of the effect of tree cover on food availability. The conversion of woodland habitats to grasslands on levees most likely will result in increased occurrence, abundance, or both of ground squirrels and pocket gophers, and thereby increase the potential threat that their burrowing activities pose to levee integrity. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Ordenana, Miguel A.; Van Vuren, Dirk H.; Draper, John P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ordenana, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM ordenana@gmail.com FU California Department of Water Resources under DWR [4600008761]; Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency [984] FX This study was conducted in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources with funds awarded under DWR Contract #4600008761 and with the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency under Contract #984. We thank the managers of levees under the jurisdiction of the California Department of Water Resources and reclamation districts 108, 150, 784, 785, 827, 999, and 1600 for permission to access their levees; W. D. Meyersohn for permission to use his database on occurrence of ground squirrels on levees; A. Salvadei for advisement on data management; R. Barba, S. Dunbar, S. Ekananyake, and C. Musto for providing useful GIS layers; P. Buck, M. Klasson, and S. Chainey for helpful comments on the manuscript; and P. Buck and M. Inamine for facilitating the study. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 76 IS 8 BP 1712 EP 1717 DI 10.1002/jwmg.402 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 026DB UT WOS:000310252300021 ER PT J AU Miller, JM Kijas, JW Heaton, MP McEwan, JC Coltman, DW AF Miller, J. M. Kijas, J. W. Heaton, M. P. McEwan, J. C. Coltman, D. W. TI Consistent divergence times and allele sharing measured from cross-species application of SNP chips developed for three domestic species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE marker development; phylogenomics; population genomics; SNP chip; wild taxa ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONSERVATION GENETICS; ASCERTAINMENT BIAS; EVOLUTION; POPULATION; DISCOVERY; GENOMICS; AMPLIFICATION; TECHNOLOGIES AB Recent advances in technology facilitated development of large sets of genetic markers for many taxa, though most often model or domestic organisms. Cross-species application of genomic technologies may allow for rapid marker discovery in wild relatives of taxa with well-developed resources. We investigated returns from cross-species application of three commercially available SNP chips (the OvineSNP50, BovineSNP50 and EquineSNP50 BeadChips) as a function of divergence time between the domestic source species and wild target species. Across all three chips, we observed a consistent linear decrease in call rate (similar to 1.5% per million years), while retention of polymorphisms showed an exponential decay. These results will allow researchers to predict the expected amplification rate and polymorphism of cross-species application for their taxa of interest, as well as provide a resource for estimating divergence times. C1 [Miller, J. M.; Coltman, D. W.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Kijas, J. W.] CSIRO Livestock Ind, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Heaton, M. P.] ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [McEwan, J. C.] AgRes Invermay Agr Ctr, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM jmm1@ualberta.ca RI Kijas, James/A-4656-2011; Miller, Joshua/E-3072-2013; Coltman, David/A-4453-2012; Miller, Joshua/J-3393-2014; McEwan, John/A-1143-2008 OI Kijas, James/0000-0002-1417-8278; Miller, Joshua/0000-0002-4019-7675; Coltman, David/0000-0002-1268-2307; Miller, Joshua/0000-0002-4019-7675; McEwan, John/0000-0003-4801-6207 FU Alberta Innovates Technologies Future; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Vanier scholar; NSERC FX JMM is supported by a graduate research scholarship from Alberta Innovates Technologies Future and is a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Vanier scholar. DWC is also funded by NSERC. We would also like to thank Dr. Shawn Narum and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1145 EP 1150 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12017 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 019KY UT WOS:000309739700019 PM 22994965 ER PT J AU Potvin, LR Richter, DL Jurgensen, MF Dumroese, RK AF Potvin, Lynette R. Richter, Dana L. Jurgensen, Martin F. Dumroese, R. Kasten TI Association of Pinus banksiana Lamb. and Populus tremuloides Michx. seedling fine roots with Sistotrema brinkmannii (Bres.) J. Erikss. (Basidiomycotina) SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE Sistotrema brinkmannii; Pinus banksiana; Populus tremuloides ID PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; LODGEPOLE PINES; IDENTIFICATION; DECAY; SEQUENCE; FOREST; BEETLE; TREES AB Sistotrema brinkmannii (Bres.) J. Erikss. (Basidiomycotina, Hydanaceae), commonly regarded as a wood decay fungus, was consistently isolated from bareroot nursery Pinus banksiana Lamb. seedlings. S. brinkmannii was found in ectomycorrhizae formed by Thelephora terrestris Ehrh., Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke, and Suillus luteus (L.) Roussel. In pure culture combinations with sterile P. banksiana and Populus tremuloides Michx. seedlings, S. brinkmannii colonized root cortical cells while not killing seedlings. Colonization by S. brinkmannii appeared to be intracellular but typical endo- or ectomycorrhizae were not formed. The fungus did not decay roots, although it was shown to produce cellulase in enzyme tests. Results suggest a unique association between S. brinkmannii and seedling roots that is neither mycorrhizal nor detrimental; its exact function remains to be elucidated. C1 [Potvin, Lynette R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Richter, Dana L.; Jurgensen, Martin F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Dumroese, R. Kasten] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Potvin, LR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM lrpotvin@fs.fed.us; dlrichte@mtu.edu; mfjurgen@mtu.edu; kdumroese@fs.fed.us OI Potvin, Lynette/0000-0001-5029-6266 FU USDA Forest Service J.W. Toumey Nursery; National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetics Resources; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Michigan Technological University FX We thank Dr. Erik Lilleskov who provided substantial assistance with phylogenetic analysis; Dr. Harold H. Burdsall Jr. who provided valuable comments on the early taxonomy of S. brinkmannii; Drs. Linda van Diepen and Carrie Andrew for assistance with staining and molecular methodology; and Karena Schmidt for assistance with figures. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their role in shaping our manuscript. This work was supported in part by the USDA Forest Service J.W. Toumey Nursery, the National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetics Resources, the Rocky Mountain Research Station, and Michigan Technological University. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD NOV PY 2012 VL 22 IS 8 BP 631 EP 638 DI 10.1007/s00572-012-0440-4 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 027AQ UT WOS:000310324600006 PM 22476582 ER PT J AU Maki, KC Gibson, GR Dickmann, RS Kendall, CWC Chen, CYO Costabile, A Comelli, EM McKay, DL Almeida, NG Jenkins, D Zello, GA Blumberg, JB AF Maki, Kevin C. Gibson, Glenn R. Dickmann, Robin S. Kendall, Cyril W. C. Chen, C. -Y. Oliver Costabile, Adele Comelli, Elena M. McKay, Diane L. Almeida, Nelson G. Jenkins, David Zello, Gordon A. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Digestive and physiologic effects of a wheat bran extract, arabino-xylan-oligosaccharide, in breakfast cereal SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Prebiotics; Arabino-xylan-oligosaccharide; Bifidobacteria; Ferulic acid; Cereals ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; DIETARY MODULATION; GUT MICROBIOTA; FERMENTATION; PREBIOTICS; PROBIOTICS; RATS; ARABINOXYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDES AB Objective: We assessed whether a wheat bran extract containing arabino-xylan-oligosaccharide (AXOS) elicited a prebiotic effect and influenced other physiologic parameters when consumed in ready-to-eat cereal at two dose levels. Methods: This double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial evaluated the effects of consuming AXOS at 0 (control), 2.2, or 4.8 g/d as part of ready-to-eat cereal for 3 wk in 55 healthy men and women. Fecal microbial levels, postprandial serum ferulic acid concentrations, and other physiologic parameters were assessed at the beginning and end of each condition. Results: The median bifidobacteria content of stool samples (log(10)/grams of dry weight [DW]) was found to be higher in the subjects consuming the 4.8-g/d dose (10.03) than in those consuming 2.2 g/d (9.93) and control (9.84, P < 0.001). No significant changes in the populations of other fecal microbes were observed, indicating a selective increase in fecal bifidobacteria. Postprandial ferulic acid was measured at 120 min at the start and end of each 3-wk treatment period in subjects at least 50 y old (n = 37) and increased in a dose-dependent manner (end-of-treatment values 0.007, 0.050, and 0.069 mu g/mL for the control, AXOS 2.2 g/d, and AXOS 4.8 g/d conditions, respectively. P for trend < 0.001). Conclusion: These results indicate that AXOS has prebiotic properties, selectively increasing fecal bifidobacteria, and increases postprandial ferulic acid concentrations in a dose-dependent manner in healthy men and women. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Maki, Kevin C.] Biofortis Provident Clin Res, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 USA. [Gibson, Glenn R.; Costabile, Adele] Univ Reading, Whiteknights, Berks, England. [Dickmann, Robin S.; Almeida, Nelson G.] Kellogg Co, Battle Creek, MI USA. [Kendall, Cyril W. C.; Comelli, Elena M.; Jenkins, David] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chen, C. -Y. Oliver; McKay, Diane L.; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Zello, Gordon A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Maki, KC (reprint author), Biofortis Provident Clin Res, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 USA. EM KMaki@ProvidentCRC.com NR 48 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 EI 1873-1244 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 28 IS 11-12 BP 1115 EP 1121 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.010 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028BI UT WOS:000310397400007 PM 22771050 ER PT J AU Serra, A Bryant, N Motilva, MJ Blumberg, JB Chen, CYO AF Serra, Aida Bryant, Nyssa Motilva, Maria Jose Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Chen, C. -Y. Oliver TI Fetal programming of dietary fructose and saturated fat on hepatic quercetin glucuronidation in rats SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Quercetin; Rat; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Fetal programming; Fructose; Saturated fats ID UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE; DRUG GLUCURONIDATION; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; BIOAVAILABILITY; POLYPHENOLS; INDUCERS; DISEASES; UGT1A1; ADULT AB Objective: Phase II biotransformation of flavonoids generates bioactive metabolites in vivo. However, data on the effect of environmental and physiologic factors and fetal programming on phase II pathways toward flavonoids are limited. We examined the effect of parental exposure to a diet high in saturated fats and fructose 1 mo before conception through lactation on in vitro hepatic uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity toward quercetin in parent and offspring rats and the interaction between diet and sex. Methods: Parents were fed a diet containing 9.9% coconut fat, 0.5% cholesterol, 30% fructose, and 30% glucose (SFF) or a control (C) diet containing 11% corn oil and 60% glucose. After weaning, offspring were fed the C diet for an additional 12 wk. The glucuronidation rate of microsomal UGT was determined with quercetin 30 mu mol/L and 12.5 mu g of protein in a total volume of 100 mu L after a 15-min incubation at 37 degrees C. Three quercetin glucuronides (7-O-quercetin glucuronide, 4'-O-quercetin glucuronide, and 3'-O-quercetin glucuronide) were quantified. Results: In the parent females, the SFF diet decreased by 29% and 19% the production rate of 3'- and 4'-O-quercetin glucuronide quercetin glucuronides, respectively, compared with the C diet (P <= 0.05). The production rate of 7-O-quercetin glucuronide quercetin glucuronide in the female offspring rats born to C dams was 59% larger than in their male counterparts (P < 0.05), but no difference was observed in the offspring of SFF dams. Conclusion: High dietary fructose and saturated fat decreased UGT capacity toward quercetin in female rats and in utero exposure to the diet decreased the glucuronidation capacity of their pups. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Serra, Aida; Bryant, Nyssa; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Chen, C. -Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Serra, Aida; Motilva, Maria Jose] Univ Lleida, Escola Tecn Super Engn Agr, Dept Food Technol, XaRTA UTPV, Lleida, Spain. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu RI Motilva, Maria-Jose/B-4223-2011; Serra, Aida/L-6850-2016 OI Motilva, Maria-Jose/0000-0003-3823-3953; Serra, Aida/0000-0002-4017-1096 FU USDA ARS [58-1950-7-707]; Catalan Government (Interdepartmental Commission for Research and Technological Innovation) FX This study was supported by USDA ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-1950-7-707 and by the Catalan Government (Interdepartmental Commission for Research and Technological Innovation). NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 28 IS 11-12 BP 1165 EP 1171 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2012.04.004 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028BI UT WOS:000310397400016 PM 22858203 ER PT J AU Qin, BL Dawson, HD Schoene, NW Polansky, MM Anderson, RA AF Qin, Bolin Dawson, Harry D. Schoene, Norberta W. Polansky, Marilyn M. Anderson, Richard A. TI Cinnamon polyphenols regulate multiple metabolic pathways involved in insulin signaling and intestinal lipoprotein metabolism of small intestinal enterocytes SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Cinnamon extract; Insulin signaling; Lipogenesis; Mitogen-activated protein kinase ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PTEN; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIPID-METABOLISM; MESSENGER-RNA; C57BL/6J MICE; ANIMAL-MODEL; RESISTANCE; EXTRACT AB Objective: Increasing evidence suggests that dietary factors may affect the expression of multiple genes and signaling pathways, which regulate intestinal lipoprotein metabolism. The small intestine is actively involved in the regulation of dietary lipid absorption, intracellular transport, and metabolism and is closely linked to systemic lipid metabolism. Cinnamon polyphenols have been shown to improve glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism and improve inflammation in cell culture, animal, and human studies. However, little is known of the effects of an aqueous cinnamon extract (CE) on the regulation of genes and signaling pathways related to intestinal metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a CE on the primary enterocytes of chow-fed rats. Methods: Freshly isolated intestinal enterocytes were used to investigate apolipoprotein-B48 secretion by immunoprecipitation; gene expressions by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and the protein and phosphorylation levels were evaluated by western blot and flow cytometric analyses. Results: Ex vivo, the CE significantly decreased the amount of apolipoprotein-B48 secretion into the media, inhibited the mRNA expression of genes of the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and induced the expression of the anti-inflammatory gene, Zfp36. CE also increased the mRNA expression of genes leading to increased insulin sensitivity, including Ir, Irs1, Irs2, Pi3k, and Akt1, and decreased Pten expression. CE also inhibited genes associated with increased cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and apolipoprotein-B48 levels, including Abcg5, Npc1l1, Cd36, Mttp, and Srebp1c, and facilitated Abca1 expression. CE also stimulated the phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase expressions determined by flow cytometry, with no changes in protein levels. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the CE regulates genes associated with insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and cholesterol/lipogenesis metabolism and the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Qin, Bolin; Dawson, Harry D.; Schoene, Norberta W.; Polansky, Marilyn M.; Anderson, Richard A.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Qin, Bolin] Integr Nutraceut Int, Springhill, TN USA. RP Qin, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bolin.Qin@ars.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 FU USDA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement [CRADA 58-3K95-7-1184]; Integrity Nutraceuticals International, Spring Hill, TN, USA FX This work was supported in part by a USDA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA 58-3K95-7-1184) with Integrity Nutraceuticals International, Spring Hill, TN, USA. Dr. Qin is a visiting scientist, working at the USDA/ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, and employed by Integrity Nutraceuticals International. Dr. Anderson has a cooperative research and development agreement with Integrity Nutraceuticals International. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 EI 1873-1244 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 28 IS 11-12 BP 1172 EP 1179 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2012.03.020 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028BI UT WOS:000310397400017 PM 22858201 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA Martins, ML Xu, DH Klesius, PH AF Shoemaker, Craig A. Martins, Mauricio L. Xu, De-Hai Klesius, Phillip H. TI Effect of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis parasitism on the survival, hematology and bacterial load in channel catfish previously exposed to Edwardsiella ictaluri SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; NILE TILAPIA; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; FISH; INFECTION; L.; TARDA; AQUACULTURE; PARAMETERS; MORTALITY AB The effect of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) parasitism on survival, hematology and bacterial load in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, previously exposed to Edwardsiella ictaluri was studied. Fish were exposed to E. ictaluri 1 day prior to Ich in the following treatments: (1) infected by E. ictaluri and Ich at 2,500 theronts/fish; (2) infected by E. ictaluri only; (3) infected by Ich at 2,500 theronts/fish only; and (4) non infected control. Mortality was significantly higher in fish previously exposed to E. ictaluri and then infected by Ich (71.1 %). Mortalities were 26.7 %, 28.9 % and 0 % for fish infected by E. ictaluri only, by Ich only and non-infected control, respectively. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the presence of E. ictaluri in the brain, gill, kidney and liver of fish infected with E. ictaluri regardless of Ich parasitism. At day 8, E. ictaluri parasitized fish had significantly more bacteria present in the brain, gill and liver, with no bacteria detected in these organs in the E. ictaluri-only treatment, suggesting that the bacteria persisted longer in parasitized fish. Decreased red blood cells count and hematocrit in fish at days 8 and 19 after co-infection suggests chronic anemia. Lymphocyte numbers significantly decreased in all infected treatments versus the non-infected controls at days 2, 8 and 19. Lymphopenia suggests that lymphocytes were actively involved in the immune response. Bacterial clearance was probably influenced by the stress of parasitism and/or the mucosal response induced by ectoparasitic Ich that resulted in the higher mortality seen in the co-infected treatment. C1 [Shoemaker, Craig A.; Xu, De-Hai; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Martins, Mauricio L.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Aquaculture, AQUOS Aquat Organisms Hlth Lab, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM craig.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) Brazil [201485/2009-5]; USDA-ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024D] FX The authors thank Jana Mladek, Paige Mumma and Alberta Pink for technical support and The Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) Brazil for financial support (no. 201485/2009-5) to M. L. Martins. We also thank Drs. David Pasnik and Ben LaFrentz (ARS-USDA-Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, Auburn, AL, USA) for critical review prior to submission. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS NO. 6420-32000-024D. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 111 IS 5 BP 2223 EP 2228 DI 10.1007/s00436-012-2988-5 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 025XG UT WOS:000310229800045 PM 22699968 ER PT J AU Barros-Rios, J Malvar, RA Jung, HJG Bunzel, M Santiago, R AF Barros-Rios, Jaime Malvar, Rosa A. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Bunzel, Mirko Santiago, Rogelio TI Divergent selection for ester-linked diferulates in maize pith stalk tissues. Effects on cell wall composition and degradability SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; Divergent mass selection; Hydroxycinnamic acids; Ferulate cross-links; Lignin; In vitro biodegradability ID FERULATE CROSS-LINKS; 3 PERENNIAL GRASSES; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; DIETARY FIBER; STEM TISSUES; LIGNIN; IDENTIFICATION; FERULOYLATION; INTERNODES AB Cross-linking of grass cell wall components through diferulates (DFAs) has a marked impact on cell wall properties. However, results of genetic selection for DFA concentration have not been reported for any grass species. We report here the results of direct selection for ester-linked DFA concentration in maize stalk pith tissues and the associated changes in cell wall composition and biodegradability. After two cycles of divergent selection, maize populations selected for higher total DFA (DFAT) content (CHs) had 16% higher DFAT concentrations than populations selected for lower DFAT content (as). These significant DFA concentration gains suggest that DFA deposition in maize pith parenchyma cell walls is a highly heritable trait that is genetically regulated and can be modified trough conventional breeding. Maize populations selected for higher DFAT had 13% less glucose and 10% lower total cell wall concentration than CLs, suggesting that increased cross-linking of feruloylated arabinoxylans results in repacking of the matrix and possibly in thinner and firmer cell walls. Divergent selection affected esterified DFAT and monomeric ferulate ether cross link concentrations differently, supporting the hypothesis that the biosynthesis of these cell wall components are separately regulated. As expected, a more higher DFA ester cross-coupled arabinoxylan network had an effect on rumen cell wall degradability (CLs showed 12% higher 24-h total polysaccharide degradability than CHs). Interestingly, 8-8-coupled DFAs, previously associated with cell wall strength, were the best predictors of pith cell wall degradability (negative impact). Thus, further research on the involvement of these specific DFA regioisomers in limiting cell wall biodegradability is encouraged. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barros-Rios, Jaime; Malvar, Rosa A.; Santiago, Rogelio] CSIC Mision Biol Galicia, Grp Genet & Mejora Maiz, Pontevedra 36080, Spain. [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bunzel, Mirko] Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Barros-Rios, J (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Plant Physiol, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. EM jaime.barros-rios@plantphys.umu.se RI Santiago, Rogelio/E-7610-2012; Barros, Jaime/H-8368-2015 OI Barros, Jaime/0000-0002-9545-312X FU National Plan for Research and Development of Spain [AGL2006-13140, AGL 2009-09611]; Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain); Autonomous Government of Galicia (Spain); European Social Fund FX We appreciate the valuable training and technical assistance provided by Ted Jeo in sample analysis. We thank Dr. Lana Reid of ECORC, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for supplying inbred line CO125 used in this study. This research was supported by the National Plan for Research and Development of Spain (Projects Cod. AGL2006-13140, AGL 2009-09611). J. Barros-Rios acknowledges a grant from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain). R. Santiago acknowledges a postdoctoral contract "Isidro Parga Pondal" financed by the Autonomous Government of Galicia (Spain) and the European Social Fund. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 2012 VL 83 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.07.026 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 028KL UT WOS:000310421100005 PM 22938993 ER PT J AU Bakker, MG Manter, DK Sheflin, AM Weir, TL Vivanco, JM AF Bakker, Matthew G. Manter, Daniel K. Sheflin, Amy M. Weir, Tiffany L. Vivanco, Jorge M. TI Harnessing the rhizosphere microbiome through plant breeding and agricultural management SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Review DE Rhizosphere; Exudates; Plant-driven selection; Beneficial microbes; Plant breeding ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DISEASE-SUPPRESSIVE BACTERIA; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS CHA0; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; SOIL SUPPRESSIVENESS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; HOMOSERINE LACTONE; SPECIES EVENNESS AB The need to enhance the sustainability of intensive agricultural systems is widely recognized One promising approach is to encourage beneficial services provided by soil microorganisms to decrease the inputs of fertilizers and pesticides. However, limited success of this approach in field applications raises questions as to how this might be best accomplished. We highlight connections between root exudates and the rhizosphere microbiome, and discuss the possibility of using plant exudation characteristics to selectively enhance beneficial microbial activities and microbiome characteristics. Gaps in our understanding and areas of research that are vital to our ability to more fully exploit the soil microbiome for agroecosystem productivity and sustainability are also discussed. This article outlines strategies for more effectively exploiting beneficial microbial services on agricultural systems, and cals attention to topics that require additional research. C1 [Bakker, Matthew G.; Sheflin, Amy M.; Weir, Tiffany L.; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Manter, Daniel K.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bakker, MG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM matt.g.bakker@gmail.com; j.vivanco@colostate.edu RI Bakker, Matthew/B-8610-2013 OI Bakker, Matthew/0000-0003-0345-0587 FU USDA NIFA AFRI Postdoctoral Fellowship grant [2011-67012-30938]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0950857] FX M. Bakker is supported by a USDA NIFA AFRI Postdoctoral Fellowship grant (2011-67012-30938). Work in the J. Vivanco lab is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (MCB-0950857). NR 106 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 22 U2 260 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2012 VL 360 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s11104-012-1361-x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 025QQ UT WOS:000310207300001 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ James, DE Cambardella, CA Hernandez-Ramirez, G AF Sauer, Thomas J. James, David E. Cambardella, Cynthia A. Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo TI Soil properties following reforestation or afforestation of marginal cropland SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Soil organic carbon; Carbon sequestration; Soil quality; Climate change mitigation; Ecosystem services ID CARBON FOLLOWING AFFORESTATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; FOREST SOILS; SEQUESTRATION; DYNAMICS; RETENTION; CAPACITY; TILLAGE; STORAGE AB Reforestation or afforestation of marginal agricultural lands offers opportunities to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC), improve the quality of degraded soils, and provide ecosystem services. The objectives of this study were to identify the extent and distribution of marginally productive cropland in the state of Iowa and to quantify the changes in SOC and relevant soil properties following tree planting. A geographic information system (GIS) analysis was used to identify 1.05 million ha of marginal cropland within the state. Soil samples were collected from four locations with (< 51 yr-old) forest plantations and adjacent crop fields. Soil samples were analyzed for SOC, total nitrogen (TN), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), ammonium acetate-extractable K, Ca, Mg, and Na, and particle size. The forested soils had 30.0 +/- 5.1 % (mean +/- standard error) more SOC than the tilled cropland. The average annual change in SOC following tree planting was estimated to be 0.56 +/- 0.05 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1). Differences were observed in several soil properties but strong correlations with SOC content were only observed for bulk density and extractable Ca. These results indicate that within 5 decades of tree planting on former cropland or pasture there was consistently and significantly greater SOC in soil beneath the trees. C1 [Sauer, Thomas J.; James, David E.; Cambardella, Cynthia A.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res, Canterbury Agr & Sci Ctr, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.sauer@ars.usda.gov RI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/I-5429-2013 OI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/0000-0001-8225-5813 FU Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture [E2006-17] FX The authors sincerely appreciate the field and laboratory assistance of Kevin Jensen, Shannon Kulisky, Forrest Goodman, Amy Morrow, David Den Haan and several student workers at the National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment. We also recognize the cooperation of land-owners/managers Danny Beasley, Jim Covey, George Davis, John Glotfelty, Jim and Jody Kerns, Dennis Knipper, and Jim Yender for allowing sampling on their property. Robert Honeywell, Ray Lehn, and Joe Schwartz of the Forestry Bureau of the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, and Chris Bass of the Sac County Conservation Board provided site access and technical assistance that was instrumental in completion of the study. Support from the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture (Project E2006-17) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 70 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2012 VL 360 IS 1-2 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s11104-012-1258-8 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 025QQ UT WOS:000310207300027 ER PT J AU Carmo-Silva, AE Salvucci, ME AF Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete Salvucci, Michael E. TI The temperature response of CO2 assimilation, photochemical activities and Rubisco activation in Camelina sativa, a potential bioenergy crop with limited capacity for acclimation to heat stress SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Biofuel crop; Climate change; Photosynthetic efficiency; Rubisco activase; Temperature optimum ID MODERATELY HIGH-TEMPERATURES; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODEL; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; POSSIBLE MECHANISM; REDUCED AMOUNTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LEAVES; GROWTH; DEPENDENCE AB The temperature optimum of photosynthesis coincides with the average daytime temperature in a species' native environment. Moderate heat stress occurs when temperatures exceed the optimum, inhibiting photosynthesis and decreasing productivity. In the present study, the temperature response of photosynthesis and the potential for heat acclimation was evaluated for Camelina sativa, a bioenergy crop. The temperature optimum of net CO2 assimilation rate (A) under atmospheric conditions was 30-32 A degrees C and was only slightly higher under non-photorespiratory conditions. The activation state of Rubisco was closely correlated with A at supra-optimal temperatures, exhibiting a parallel decrease with increasing leaf temperature. At both control and elevated temperatures, the modeled response of A to intercellular CO2 concentration was consistent with Rubisco limiting A at ambient CO2. Rubisco activation and photochemical activities were affected by moderate heat stress at lower temperatures in camelina than in the warm-adapted species cotton and tobacco. Growth under conditions that imposed a daily interval of moderate heat stress caused a 63 % reduction in camelina seed yield. Levels of cpn60 protein were elevated under the higher growth temperature, but acclimation of photosynthesis was minimal. Inactivation of Rubisco in camelina at temperatures above 35 A degrees C was consistent with the temperature response of Rubisco activase activity and indicated that Rubisco activase was a prime target of inhibition by moderate heat stress in camelina. That photosynthesis exhibited no acclimation to moderate heat stress will likely impact the development of camelina and other cool season Brassicaceae as sources of bioenergy in a warmer world. C1 [Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete; Salvucci, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM mike.salvucci@ars.usda.gov RI Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/G-7437-2012 OI Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/0000-0001-6059-9359 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the United States Department of Energy [DE-FG02-10ER20268] FX The authors acknowledge the expert technical assistance of Nancy Parks and Heather Malone (USDA-ARS, Maricopa, Arizona, USA). This work was funded by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the United States Department of Energy through Grant DE-FG02-10ER20268 to M.E.S.. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2012 VL 236 IS 5 BP 1433 EP 1445 DI 10.1007/s00425-012-1691-1 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 026ZS UT WOS:000310322200007 PM 22733425 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Welch, GR AF Guthrie, H. D. Welch, G. R. TI Effects of reactive oxygen species on sperm function SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydroethidine; C-11-BODIPY581/591; Lipid peroxidation; Reactive oxygen species; Flow cytometry; Motility ID MEMBRANE-LIPID PEROXIDATION; HYPOTHERMIC LIQUID STORAGE; ACTIVATED FLOW-CYTOMETRY; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; MITOCHONDRIAL-FUNCTION; GLYCOLYTIC-ENZYMES; ENERGY-METABOLISM; FIBROUS SHEATH; FREE-RADICALS; SEMEN AB Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and membrane lipid peroxidation have been recognized as problems for sperm survival and fertility. The precise roles and detection of superoxide (SO), hydrogen peroxide (HP), and membrane lipid peroxidation have been problematic, because of the low specificity and sensitivity of the established chemiluminescence assay technologies. We developed flow cytometric assays to measure SO, HP, membrane lipid peroxidation, and inner mitochondrial transmembrane potential in boar sperm. These methods were sufficiently sensitive to permit detection of early changes in ROS formation in sperm cells that were still viable. Basal ROS formation and membrane lipid peroxidation in the absence of ROS generators were low in viable sperm of both fresh and frozen-thawed boar semen, affecting less than 4% of the sperm cells on average. However, this is not the case in other species, as human, bovine, and poultry sperm have large increases in sperm ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, loss of motility, and death in vitro. Closer study of the effects of ROS formation on the relationship between sperm motility and ATP content in boar sperm was conducted using menadione (mitochondrial SO generator) and HP treatment. Menadione or HP caused an immediate disruption of motility with delayed or no decrease in sperm ATP content, respectively. Overall, the inhibitory effects of ROS on motility point to a mitochondrial-independent mechanism. The reduction in motility may have been due to a ROS-induced lesion in ATP utilization or in the contractile apparatus of the flagellum. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Guthrie, H. D.; Welch, G. R.] ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM dave.guthrie@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 78 IS 8 BP 1700 EP 1708 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.05.002 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 027XU UT WOS:000310388200006 PM 22704396 ER PT J AU Fiori, S Scherm, B Liu, J Farrell, R Mannazzu, I Budroni, M Maserti, BE Wisniewski, ME Migheli, Q AF Fiori, Stefano Scherm, Barbara Liu, Jia Farrell, Robert Mannazzu, Ilaria Budroni, Marilena Maserti, Bianca E. Wisniewski, Michael E. Migheli, Quirico TI Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with changes in the morphology of Pichia fermentans on apple and peach fruit SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; subtractive hybridization; yeast pathogenicity; postharvest; environmental risk; morphogenesis ID SUBTRACTION HYBRIDIZATION APPROACH; PATHOGEN CANDIDA-ALBICANS; MOONLIGHTING PROTEINS; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; YEAST; MORPHOGENESIS; BIOFILM; ETHYLENE; METABOLISM; TRANSITION AB Pichia fermentans (strain DISAABA 726) is an effective biocontrol agent against Monilinia fructicola and Botrytis cinerea when inoculated in artificially wounded apple fruit but is an aggressive pathogen when inoculated on wounded peach fruit, causing severe fruit decay. Pichia fermentans grows as budding yeast on apple tissue and exhibits pseudohyphal growth on peach tissue, suggesting that dimorphism may be associated with pathogenicity. Two complementary suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) strategies, that is, rapid subtraction hybridization (RaSH) and PCR-based subtraction, were performed to identify genes differentially expressed by P. fermentans after 24-h growth on apple vs. peach fruit. Gene products that were more highly expressed on peach than on apple tissue, or vice versa, were sequenced and compared with available yeast genome sequence databases. Several of the genes more highly expressed, when P. fermentans was grown on peach, were related to stress response, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, and alcoholic fermentation but surprisingly not to cell wall degrading enzymes such as pectinases or cellulases. The dual activity of P. fermentans as both a biocontrol agent and a pathogen emphasizes the need for a thorough risk analysis of potential antagonists to avoid unpredictable results that could negatively impact the safe use of postharvest biocontrol strategies. C1 [Migheli, Quirico] Univ Sassari, Dept Agr, Plant Pathol & Entomol Unit, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Liu, Jia; Wisniewski, Michael E.] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Farrell, Robert] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, York, PA USA. [Maserti, Bianca E.] CNR, Ist Biofis, Unita Operat Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Migheli, Quirico] Univ Sassari, Ctr Interdisciplinare Sviluppo Ric Biotecnol & St, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. RP Migheli, Q (reprint author), Univ Sassari, Dept Agr, Plant Pathol & Entomol Unit, Via Enrico De Nicola 9, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. EM qmigheli@uniss.it RI Migheli, Quirico/B-7203-2009; Scherm, Barbara/J-8092-2015; budroni, marilena/F-8293-2016; OI Migheli, Quirico/0000-0002-2459-5833; Scherm, Barbara/0000-0001-6122-7186; budroni, marilena/0000-0001-6665-4574; mannazzu, ilaria/0000-0003-3361-2057 FU MURST PRIN Anno [2007FRBK9N]; Research Program MiPAAF - CIPE 'FRU.MED.' - Project 'DAFME' [93]; Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation) [4-259-2-083] FX This work was partially funded by MURST PRIN Anno 2007 - Prot. N 2007FRBK9N, by Research Program MiPAAF - CIPE 'FRU.MED.' - Project 'DAFME' (Publication no. 93), and by NPRP grant # 4-259-2-083 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1567-1356 J9 FEMS YEAST RES JI FEMS Yeast Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 7 BP 785 EP 795 DI 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2012.00829.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 021YK UT WOS:000309921700007 PM 22780886 ER PT J AU Palmer, GH Noh, SM AF Palmer, Guy H. Noh, Susan M. TI Rickettsial Entry into Host Cells: Finding the Keys To Unlock the Doors SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SIALYL-LEWIS-X; ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; P-SELECTIN; FEBRILE PATIENTS; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIUM; EHRLICHIA; LIGAND; AGENT C1 [Palmer, Guy H.; Noh, Susan M.] Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Noh, Susan M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Palmer, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gpalmer@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI044005] NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 80 IS 11 BP 3746 EP 3747 DI 10.1128/IAI.00836-12 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 022PK UT WOS:000309971600001 PM 22907812 ER PT J AU Eshghi, A Lourdault, K Murray, GL Bartpho, T Sermswan, RW Picardeau, M Adler, B Snarr, B Zuerner, RL Cameron, CE AF Eshghi, Azad Lourdault, Kristel Murray, Gerald L. Bartpho, Thanatchaporn Sermswan, Rasana W. Picardeau, Mathieu Adler, Ben Snarr, Brendan Zuerner, Richard L. Cameron, Caroline E. TI Leptospira interrogans Catalase Is Required for Resistance to H2O2 and for Virulence SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; REACTIVE OXYGEN; OUTER-MEMBRANE; NADPH OXIDASE; IN-VITRO; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; PROTEIN AB Pathogenic Leptospira spp. are likely to encounter higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species induced by the host innate immune response. In this study, we characterized Leptospira interrogans catalase (KatE), the only annotated catalase found within pathogenic Leptospira species, by assessing its role in resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and during infection in hamsters. Pathogenic L. interrogans bacteria had a 50-fold-higher survival rate under H2O2-induced oxidative stress than did saprophytic L. biflexa bacteria, and this was predominantly catalase dependent. We also characterized KatE, the only annotated catalase found within pathogenic Leptospira species. Catalase assays performed with recombinant KatE confirmed specific catalase activity, while protein fractionation experiments localized KatE to the bacterial periplasmic space. The insertional inactivation of katE in pathogenic Leptospira bacteria drastically diminished leptospiral viability in the presence of extracellular H2O2 and reduced virulence in an acute-infection model. Combined, these results suggest that L. interrogans KatE confers in vivo resistance to reactive oxygen species induced by the host innate immune response. C1 [Eshghi, Azad; Snarr, Brendan; Cameron, Caroline E.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Lourdault, Kristel; Picardeau, Mathieu] Inst Pasteur, Unite Biol Spirochetes, Paris, France. [Adler, Ben] Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Struct & Fu, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Bartpho, Thanatchaporn] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Melioidosis Res Ctr, Khon Kaen, Thailand. [Sermswan, Rasana W.] Khon Kaen Univ, Dept Biochem, Khon Kaen, Thailand. [Zuerner, Richard L.] Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Zuerner, Richard L.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Biomed Sci & Vet Publ Hlth, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Cameron, CE (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC, Canada. EM caroc@uvic.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [327186]; Institut Pasteur; French Ministry of Research [ANR-08-MIE-018]; Region Ile-de-France (DIM Malinf); Australian Research Council; National Health and Medical Research Council; University of Victoria FX This work was funded by a discovery grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant 327186 to C. E. C.), the Institut Pasteur (M. P.), the French Ministry of Research (M. P.; ANR-08-MIE-018), the doctoral program from the Region Ile-de-France (K. L.; DIM Malinf), the Australian Research Council (B. A. and G. L. M.), and the National Health and Medical Research Council (B. A. and G. L. M.). A. E. is a recipient of a University of Victoria fellowship, a graduate scholarship, and a Pacific Century graduate scholarship, and C. E. C. is a Canada research chair in molecular pathogenesis and a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research scholar. NR 66 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 80 IS 11 BP 3892 EP 3899 DI 10.1128/IAI.00466-12 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 022PK UT WOS:000309971600017 PM 22927050 ER PT J AU Molla, B Byrne, M Abley, M Mathews, J Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, P Sreevatsan, S Wang, P Gebreyes, WA AF Molla, Bayleyegn Byrne, Megan Abley, Melanie Mathews, Jennifer Jackson, Charlene R. Fedorka-Cray, Paula Sreevatsan, Srinand Wang, Ping Gebreyes, Wondwossen A. TI Epidemiology and Genotypic Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains of Porcine Origin SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HIGH PREVALENCE; MRSA CARRIAGE; PIGS; MEAT; ST398; PORK; FARM; TRANSMISSION; DIVERSITY AB The main goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) in pigs and pork. The genotypic relatedness of isolates on the farm, at slaughter, and at the retail level was assessed. Paired nasal and perianal swab samples were collected from 10 cohorts of market-age pigs (24 pigs per cohort) and carcasses at slaughterhouse, and pork samples were collected at retail. Staphylococci were isolated using selective enrichment method. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance by broth microdilution. Duplex PCR was used to confirm MRSA using species-specific (nuc) and methicillin resistance (mecA) genes. The clonal relatedness of isolates was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Staphylococcus protein A (spa) typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) typing. MRSA was detected in 5 of the 10 cohorts (50%), with the prevalence ranging from 0% to 12.5% per cohort. Of all the pigs sampled on the farm before they went to market, 3% (7/240) were MRSA positive. A higher prevalence of MRSA was detected at holding pens at the slaughterhouse (11% [27/240]). MRSA was also detected in 2% (4/235) of the carcasses and 4% (5/135) of the retail pork. While the isolates appear predominantly to be highly clonal, PFGE had a relatively higher discriminatory power (discriminatory index [DI] = 0.624). Four genotypic clusters were identified by PFGE; of the four clusters, clonal type B was predominant across the farm-to-retail continuum. MLST findings revealed that sequence type 5 (ST5) was the most predominant subtype (32/50). The livestock-associated MRSA (clonal complex 398 [CC398] or sequence type 398 [ST398]) was the second common type (12/50) and was detected at all stages from farm to retail. Nine of the 50 (18%) MRSA isolates belonged to spa type 539/t034 that were of ST398 based on MLST. The results of this study confirm that MRSA, including LA-MRSA, is common in herds of swine in Ohio and hereby shown to persist in the farm to processing and retail continuum. C1 [Molla, Bayleyegn; Byrne, Megan; Mathews, Jennifer; Gebreyes, Wondwossen A.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Abley, Melanie; Jackson, Charlene R.; Fedorka-Cray, Paula] USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Sreevatsan, Srinand; Wang, Ping] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gebreyes, WA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM WondwossenGebreyes@cvm.osu.edu OI Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 FU National Pork Board [NPB6002-1611] FX This study was financially supported by the National Pork Board (NPB6002-1611). NR 36 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 3687 EP 3693 DI 10.1128/JCM.01971-12 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 022NU UT WOS:000309966900043 PM 22972820 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, H-Y Klesius, P. H. TI Construction, expression and characterization of 11 putative flagellar apparatus genes of Aeromonas hydrophila AL09-73 SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas hydrophila; channel catfish; flagella; Ictalurus punctatus ID HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; INFECTIOUS AGENTS; LATERAL FLAGELLA; O-ANTIGEN; STRAINS; VIRULENCE; ARRAY; FISH C1 [Yeh, H-Y; Klesius, P. H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, USDA, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM hungyueh.yeh@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX We are grateful to Dr Bill Hemstreet of Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL, Dr Jeff Terhune of Auburn University, Auburn, AL, and Dr Julie Bebak of the USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL for providing us with outbreak isolates from channel catfish in 2009. We thank Dr Julia Pridgeon of the USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for her constructive review of this manuscript. This study was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project no. 6420-32000-024-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The U. S. Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 35 IS 11 BP 853 EP 860 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01438.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 021VS UT WOS:000309914100008 PM 22924657 ER PT J AU Piechnik, DA Goslee, SC Veith, TL Bishop, JA Brooks, RP AF Piechnik, Denise A. Goslee, Sarah C. Veith, Tamie L. Bishop, Joseph A. Brooks, Robert P. TI Topographic placement of management practices in riparian zones to reduce water quality impacts from pastures SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Best management practice; Flow path; Pasture; Pennsylvania; Spatial resolution; Watershed ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; SOURCE-POLLUTION-CONTROL; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; PRECISION CONSERVATION; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; OVERLAND-FLOW; BMP PLACEMENT; BUFFERS; AREAS; FARM AB Riparian buffers, a best management practice (BMP), lessen environmental impacts caused by pasture-based agriculture by excluding livestock from streams and removing sediment and nutrients from overland flow before they enter the watercourse. Geospatial data analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs) can improve BMP placement by ensuring that BMPs intercept flow paths. Livestock heavy use areas and riparian buffers within 100 m of the stream were digitized using aerial photography of Spring Creek watershed (Pennsylvania, USA). Flow path lengths and stream entry points from heavy use areas, from all agricultural land uses, and from a random sample of points were calculated using 1, 10, and 30 m DEM resolutions. Euclidean distances identified the nearest stream entry point regardless of topography. Drainage areas for each streambank cell were evaluated using each DEM resolution. Topographic calculations differed significantly from Euclidean, with median differences of 14.3 m for flow path length and 24.1 m between stream entry points for the 10 m DEM. Existing buffers intercepted runoff from only 23 % of heavy use areas. Drainage areas ranged from one to hundreds of DEM cells. Any DEM is an arbitrary representation of a continuous surface; both resolution and processing method affect the suitability of such a representation for any given purpose. We found that 30 m DEMs did not provide reasonable flow path estimates at the scale of grazing agriculture in this region, while Pennsylvania 1 m DEMs were minimally smoothed during DEM preparation, resulting in erratic flow paths. The 10 m DEMs were the most suitable available DEM product, and should be used in conjunction with site visits for planning pasture BMP placement. C1 [Goslee, Sarah C.; Veith, Tamie L.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Piechnik, Denise A.] Penn State Univ, Penn State Inst Energy & Environm, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bishop, Joseph A.; Brooks, Robert P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Goslee, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sarah.goslee@ars.usda.gov RI Piechnik, Denise/B-7799-2015; Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 OI Piechnik, Denise/0000-0002-8112-6187; FU USDA-NRCS FX This work contributes to the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), jointly funded, coordinated and administered by the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service; Agricultural Research Service; and Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA-NRCS. We would like to thank Bob Carline for assistance with locations of BMPs installed in Spring Creek Watershed, and Hannah Ingram for her land use digitizing efforts. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 73 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1307 EP 1319 DI 10.1007/s10980-012-9783-7 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 021GR UT WOS:000309873800006 ER PT J AU Davis, TS Boundy-Mills, K Landolt, PJ AF Davis, Thomas Seth Boundy-Mills, Kyria Landolt, Peter J. TI Volatile Emissions from an Epiphytic Fungus are Semiochemicals for Eusocial Wasps SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETIC-ACID; YEASTS; ATTRACTANTS; INSECTS; ECOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; HYMENOPTERA; METABOLITES; VESPIDAE; PRODUCTS AB Microbes are ubiquitous on plant surfaces. However, interactions between epiphytic microbes and arthropods are rarely considered as a factor that affects arthropod behaviors. Here, volatile emissions from an epiphytic fungus were investigated as semiochemical attractants for two eusocial wasps. The fungus Aureobasidium pullulans was isolated from apples, and the volatile compounds emitted by fungal colonies were quantified. The attractiveness of fungal colonies and fungal volatiles to social wasps (Vespula spp.) were experimentally tested in the field. Three important findings emerged: (1) traps baited with A. pullulans caught 2750 % more wasps on average than unbaited control traps; (2) the major headspace volatiles emitted by A. pullulans were 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethyl alcohol; and (3) a synthetic blend of fungal volatiles attracted 4,933 % more wasps on average than unbaited controls. Wasps were most attracted to 2-methyl-1-butanol. The primary wasp species attracted to fungal volatiles were the western yellowjacket (Vespula pensylvanica) and the German yellowjacket (V. germanica), and both species externally vectored A. pullulans. This is the first study to link microbial volatile emissions with eusocial wasp behaviors, and these experiments indicate that volatile compounds emitted by an epiphytic fungus can be responsible for wasp attraction. This work implicates epiphytic microbes as important components in the community ecology of some eusocial hymenopterans, and fungal emissions may signal suitable nutrient sources to foraging wasps. Our experiments are suggestive of a potential symbiosis, but additional studies are needed to determine if eusocial wasp-fungal associations are widespread, and whether these associations are incidental, facultative, or obligate. C1 [Davis, Thomas Seth; Landolt, Peter J.] ARS, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Boundy-Mills, Kyria] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Davis, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM tsdavis1@gmail.com NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1056 EP 1063 DI 10.1007/s00248-012-0074-2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 024SC UT WOS:000310127900020 PM 22644482 ER PT J AU Nesbit, JB Hurlburt, BK Schein, CH Cheng, HP Wei, H Maleki, SJ AF Nesbit, Jacqueline B. Hurlburt, Barry K. Schein, Catherine H. Cheng, Hsiaopo Wei, Hui Maleki, Soheila J. TI Ara h 1 structure is retained after roasting and is important for enhanced binding to IgE SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Conformational epitope; Epitope; Food allergens; Immunoglobulin E; Peanut allergy ID GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; MAJOR PEANUT ALLERGEN; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; MAILLARD REACTION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CROSS-REACTIVITY; NEURAL-NETWORK; EPITOPES; ARA-H-1; RAGE AB Scope Ara h 1 from roasted peanut binds higher levels of serum immunoglobulin E than raw peanuts and this is likely due to the Maillard reaction. While Ara h 1 linear IgE epitopes have been mapped, the presence and importance of structural epitopes is not clear. Methods and results Mass spectrometry, immunoblot, ELISA, circular dichroism (CD), and structural analysis were used to compare structural and subsequent IgE-binding differences in Ara h 1 purified from raw (N) and roasted peanuts (R) and denatured Ara h 1 (D). Although N and R had similar CD spectra, the latter bound significantly more IgE. Decreased IgE binding was seen with the loss of secondary structure. This same IgE-binding pattern [R > N > D] was seen for the sera of ten peanut allergic patients. While the majority of linear epitopes are located on surface and structured regions of Ara h 1, our study shows that conformational epitopes of Ara h 1 bind better to IgE than linear epitopes. Conclusion Enhanced IgE binding to roasted Ara h 1 could be due to alterations such as chemical modifications to individual amino acids or increased epitope exposure. IgE binding is significantly reduced with loss of structure. C1 [Nesbit, Jacqueline B.; Hurlburt, Barry K.; Cheng, Hsiaopo; Maleki, Soheila J.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Schein, Catherine H.] Sealy Ctr Struct Biol & Mol Biophys, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Galveston, TX USA. [Schein, Catherine H.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX USA. [Wei, Hui] Waters Corp, Beverly, MA USA. RP Maleki, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM soheila.maleki@ars.usda.gov OI Schein, Catherine/0000-0002-8290-2109 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Environmental Protection Agency [EPA RE-83406601-0] FX This research was supported by funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA RE-83406601-0 to CHS). NR 50 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 56 IS 11 BP 1739 EP 1747 DI 10.1002/mnfr.201100815 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 025DZ UT WOS:000310166900014 PM 22996799 ER PT J AU McElrone, AJ Brodersen, CR Alsina, MM Drayton, WM Matthews, MA Shackel, KA Wada, H Zufferey, V Choat, B AF McElrone, A. J. Brodersen, C. R. Alsina, M. M. Drayton, W. M. Matthews, M. A. Shackel, K. A. Wada, H. Zufferey, V. Choat, B. TI Centrifuge technique consistently overestimates vulnerability to water stress-induced cavitation in grapevines as confirmed with high-resolution computed tomography SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Letter DE cavitation; embolism; grapevine; tomography; xylem ID INDUCED TYLOSE DEVELOPMENT; VITIS-VINIFERA VITACEAE; CURRENT-YEAR SHOOTS; EMBOLISM REPAIR; XYLEM CAVITATION; CURVES; DROUGHT; STEMS; CULTIVARS; TRANSPORT C1 [Choat, B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. [McElrone, A. J.] ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95161 USA. [McElrone, A. J.; Drayton, W. M.; Matthews, M. A.; Wada, H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brodersen, C. R.] Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Alsina, M. M.] IRTA Environm Hort, Torre Marimon 08140, Caldes De Montb, Spain. [Shackel, K. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zufferey, V.] Stn Rech Agroscope Changins Wadenswil ACW, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland. RP Choat, B (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. EM B.Choat@uws.edu.au RI Matthews, Mark/A-5714-2010; Brodersen, Craig/J-1112-2016; Alsina, Maria Mar/C-2879-2009 OI Brodersen, Craig/0000-0002-0924-2570; Alsina, Maria Mar/0000-0001-5344-0980 NR 25 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 196 IS 3 BP 661 EP 665 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04244.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 019RO UT WOS:000309757200005 PM 22803744 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Pendall, E Morgan, JA Blumenthal, DM Carrillo, Y LeCain, DR Follett, RF Williams, DG AF Dijkstra, Feike A. Pendall, Elise Morgan, Jack A. Blumenthal, Dana M. Carrillo, Yolima LeCain, Daniel R. Follett, Ronald F. Williams, David G. TI Climate change alters stoichiometry of phosphorus and nitrogen in a semiarid grassland SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE elevated carbon dioxide; grasslands; homeostasis; N:P stoichiometry; nutrient availability; PHACE; soil moisture; temperature ID N-P RATIOS; ELEVATED CO2; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PLANT NITROGEN; SOIL-NITROGEN; LIMITATION; ECOSYSTEM; AVAILABILITY AB Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential nutrients for primary producers and decomposers in terrestrial ecosystems. Although climate change affects terrestrial N cycling with important feedbacks to plant productivity and carbon sequestration, the impacts of climate change on the relative availability of N with respect to P remain highly uncertain. In a semiarid grassland in Wyoming, USA, we studied the effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment (to 600 ppmv) and warming (1.5/3.0 degrees C above ambient temperature during the day/night) on plant, microbial and available soil pools of N and P. Elevated CO2 increased P availability to plants and microbes relative to that of N, whereas warming reduced P availability relative to N. Across years and treatments, plant N : P ratios varied between 5 and 18 and were inversely related to soil moisture. Our results indicate that soil moisture is important in controlling P supply from inorganic sources, causing reduced P relative to N availability during dry periods. Both wetter soil conditions under elevated CO2 and drier conditions with warming can further alter N : P. Although warming may alleviate N constraints under elevated CO2, warming and drought can exacerbate P constraints on plant growth and microbial activity in this semiarid grassland. C1 [Dijkstra, Feike A.; Carrillo, Yolima] Univ Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia. [Williams, David G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Morgan, Jack A.; Blumenthal, Dana M.; LeCain, Daniel R.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] ARS, Soil Plant & Nutrient Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Williams, David G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Williams, David G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Management, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia. EM feike.dijkstra@sydney.edu.au RI Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; Williams, David/A-6407-2014; OI Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260; Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969; Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service Climate Change, Soils & Emissions Program; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [1021559]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science; Australian Research Council [FT100100779] FX We thank D. Smith for the installation and operation of the PHACE experiment, E. Hardy for assistance in installation, M. Parsons for assistance with data collection, F. Miglietta for advice and help on the installation of the FACE system, B. Kimball for advice and help on the installation of the infrared heating system, and R. Phillips and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Research was supported by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service Climate Change, Soils & Emissions Program, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) (DEB# 1021559), and the US Department of Energy's Office of Science ( Biological and Environmental Research). F. A. D. was supported by a fellowship from the Australian Research Council (FT100100779). The mention of commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply the recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US NSF. NR 53 TC 43 Z9 59 U1 17 U2 223 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 196 IS 3 BP 807 EP 815 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04349.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 019RO UT WOS:000309757200019 PM 23005343 ER PT J AU Sleddens, EFC Kremers, SPJ Hughes, SO Cross, MB Thijs, C De Vries, NK O'Connor, TM AF Sleddens, E. F. C. Kremers, S. P. J. Hughes, S. O. Cross, M. B. Thijs, C. De Vries, N. K. O'Connor, T. M. TI Physical activity parenting: a systematic review of questionnaires and their associations with child activity levels SO OBESITY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Adolescent; physical activity parenting questionnaires; (pre-school) child; systematic review ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ATHLETIC IDENTITY QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; SELF-EFFICACY; WEIGHT STATUS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DIETARY-INTAKE; PEER SUPPORT AB Insufficient physical activity (PA) is considered a critical contributor to childhood overweight. Parents are a key in influencing their child's PA through various mechanisms of PA parenting, including support, restriction of PA and facilitation of enrolment in PA classes or activities. However, study findings are difficult to compare because instruments vary in terms of constructs, psychometric assessment and type of PA assessed. The goal of the current review was to identify existing PA parenting questionnaires and report on the validation of these measures through findings of their psychometric performance and correlation to youth's PA. The search of eligible studies was restricted to instruments with multiple items. Eleven unique PA parenting questionnaires were identified, and 46 studies that used these instruments were included. Extracted data include sample characteristics, as well as type and assessment methods of parental influence and PA. Findings highlight the tremendous variation in the conceptualization and measurement of PA parenting, common use of non-validated instruments and lack of comprehensive measures. The development of theory-based PA parenting measures (preferably multidimensional) should be prioritized to guide the study of the parental role in promoting child's PA as well as the design of family-based PA interventions. C1 [Sleddens, E. F. C.; Kremers, S. P. J.] Maastricht Univ, Dept Hlth Promot, Nutr & Toxicol Res Inst Maastricht NUTRIM, Med Ctr, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [Hughes, S. O.; Cross, M. B.; O'Connor, T. M.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Cross, M. B.] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX USA. [Thijs, C.] Maastricht Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth & Primary Care Caphri, Med Ctr, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [De Vries, N. K.] Maastricht Univ, Dept Hlth Promot, Sch Publ Hlth & Primary Care Caphri, Med Ctr, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Sleddens, EFC (reprint author), Maastricht Univ, Dept Hlth Promot, Nutr & Toxicol Res Inst Maastricht NUTRIM, Med Ctr, POB 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. EM Ester.Sleddens@maastrichtuniversity.nl RI Sleddens, Ester/D-7018-2013; OI Cross, Matthew B./0000-0002-9495-0976 FU Netherlands Heart Foundation [2008 B112] FX This research was supported by The Netherlands Heart Foundation (Project 2008 B112). NR 103 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-7881 J9 OBES REV JI Obes. Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1015 EP 1033 DI 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01018.x PG 19 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 023UM UT WOS:000310061600003 PM 22845791 ER PT J AU Babiker, EM Hulbert, SH Paulitz, TC AF Babiker, E. M. Hulbert, S. H. Paulitz, T. C. TI Hyaloperonospora camelinae on Camelina sativa in Washington State: Detection, Seed Transmission, and Chemical Control SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MILLET DOWNY MILDEW; PEARL-MILLET; PERONOSCLEROSPORA-SORGHI; RESISTANCE; TIME AB Camelina (Camelina sativa) plants with symptoms of downy mildew were obtained from three different locations in Washington State. Based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 region, the causal pathogen was identified as Hyaloperonospora camelinae. The PCR primers consistently amplified 699-bp bands from the infected plants but not from the asymptomatic plants. A comparison of the sequences with those in GenBank revealed 100% sequence similarity to H. camelinae. Growth and development of the H. camelinae was observed in different tissues using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Light microscopic observation revealed the presence of oo-spores in the infected leaves and SEM revealed the presence of conidia and conidiophores on the seed surface. To determine whether H. camelinae is a seed-transmitted pathogen, seed collected from infected plants were planted in Sunshine professional growing mix maintained in a growth chamber. Disease symptoms were observed in 96% of the seedlings compared with 3% of the seedlings grown from seed from asymptomatic plants, which indicates that H. camelinae is a seed-transmitted pathogen. Seed treated with mefenoxam, a fungicide specific for Oomycetes, significantly reduced the incidence of the disease. C1 [Babiker, E. M.; Hulbert, S. H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Paulitz, T. C.] ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hulbert, SH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM scot_hulbert@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 FU Washington State Department of Agriculture through the WSU FX We thank V. Lynch-Holm at Washington State University's Franceschi Microscopy and Imaging Center for her advice and technical assistance. We are grateful for support from the Washington State Department of Agriculture through the WSU Biofuels Cropping Systems Research and Extension Project. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1670 EP 1674 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-12-0212-RE PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 023NC UT WOS:000310040700012 ER PT J AU Widmer, TL Shishkoff, N Dodge, SC AF Widmer, T. L. Shishkoff, N. Dodge, S. C. TI Infectivity and Inoculum Production of Phytophthora ramorum on Roots of Eastern United States Oak Species SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FOREST; ROT; PATHOGEN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CALIFORNIA; SOIL; ZOOSPORES; RISK; SPP.; RHODODENDRON AB Little is known about colonization of roots of trees by Phytophthora ramorum. We examined zoospore concentration and exposure time needed to infect six Quercus (oak) species and the inoculum produced from their roots. Sprouted acorns, exposed to zoospores (3,000/ml) for different times and transplanted to potting soil, were susceptible to infection within 1 h of exposure but root weights were not impacted after 4 weeks (P = 0.952). Roots of Quercus prinus seedlings, inoculated with sporangia, had 0.6 to 3.2% colonization of the total root mass after 5 months. Neither root lesions nor obvious root sloughing were observed. Inoculum threshold levels were tested by exposing radicles to varying zoospore concentrations for 24 h. Results showed that radicle infection occurred even at 1 zoospore/ml. To test inoculum production, roots were inoculated with sporangia and transplanted into pots. Periodically, samples of runoff were collected and plated on selective medium. Afterward, root segments were plated to calculate percent colonization. After 16 and 35 days, root colonization and inoculum production from oak was lower than that of Viburnum tinus, a positive control. This study shows that P ramorum is able to infect sprouted oak acorns and produce secondary inoculum, which may be important epidemiologically. C1 [Widmer, T. L.; Shishkoff, N.; Dodge, S. C.] ARS, Foreign Dis & Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Widmer, TL (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Dis & Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM tim.widmer@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1675 EP 1682 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-11-1024-RE PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 023NC UT WOS:000310040700013 ER PT J AU Abdalla, OA Bruton, BD Fish, WW Ali, A AF Abdalla, O. A. Bruton, B. D. Fish, W. W. Ali, A. TI First Confirmed Report of Tobacco ringspot virus in Cucurbits Crops in Oklahoma. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Abdalla, O. A.; Ali, A.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Bruton, B. D.; Fish, W. W.] ARS, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Abdalla, OA (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1705 EP 1705 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-12-0629-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 023NC UT WOS:000310040700055 ER PT J AU Kasprak, A Magilligan, FJ Nislow, KH Snyder, NP AF Kasprak, A. Magilligan, F. J. Nislow, K. H. Snyder, N. P. TI A LIDAR-DERIVED EVALUATION OF WATERSHED-SCALE LARGE WOODY DEBRIS SOURCES AND RECRUITMENT MECHANISMS: COASTAL MAINE, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE large woody debris; lidar; river restoration; habitat ID HEADWATER STREAMS; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; ATLANTIC SALMON; RIPARIAN FOREST; ORGANIC DEBRIS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; HABITAT; RIVERS; RESTORATION; DYNAMICS AB In-channel large woody debris (LWD) promotes quality aquatic habitat through sediment sorting, pool scouring and in-stream nutrient retention and transport. LWD recruitment occurs by numerous ecological and geomorphic mechanisms including channel migration, mass wasting and natural tree fall, yet LWD sourcing on the watershed scale remains poorly constrained. We developed a rapid and spatially extensive method for using light detection and ranging data to do the following: (i) estimate tree height and recruitable tree abundance throughout a watershed; (ii) determine the likelihood for the stream to recruit channel-spanning trees at reach scales and assess whether mass wasting or channel migration is a dominant recruitment mechanism; and (iii) understand the contemporary and future distribution of LWD at a watershed scale. We utilized this method on the 78-km-long Narraguagus River in coastal Maine and found that potential channel-spanning LWD composes approximately 6% of the valley area over the course of the river and is concentrated in spatially discrete reaches along the stream, with 5?km of the river valley accounting for 50% of the total potential LWD found in the system. We also determined that 83% of all potential LWD is located on valley sides, as opposed to 17% on floodplain and terrace surfaces. Approximately 3% of channel-spanning vegetation along the river is located within one channel width of the stream. By examining topographic and morphologic variables (valley width, channel sinuosity, valley-side slope) over the length of the stream, we evaluated the dominant recruitment processes along the river and often found a spatial disconnect between the location of potential channel-spanning LWD and recruitment mechanisms, which likely explains the low levels of LWD currently found in the system. This rapid method for identification of LWD sources is extendable to other basins and may prove valuable in locating future restoration projects aimed at increasing habitat quality through wood additions. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kasprak, A.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Magilligan, F. J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Nislow, K. H.] USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01103 USA. [Snyder, N. P.] Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Kasprak, A (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM akasprak@aggiemail.usu.edu FU Geological Society of America [9190-09]; National Science Foundation [EAR 0645343]; NSF [BCS 0724348, EAR 0650533] FX This research was made possible through funding from the Geological Society of America (grant number 9190-09). Lidar data were supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR 0645343), with additional NSF support from grants BCS 0724348 and EAR 0650533. We thank Rohan Chaudhary, Matthew Siegfried and Brynne Weeks (Dartmouth College) for field and laboratory support. Brian Dade, Robert Hawley and Carl Renshaw (Dartmouth College) provided essential insights. Ernie Atkinson, Greg Mackey (MaineDMR) and Jed Wright (USFWS) were instrumental in Maine field support. The manuscript greatly benefited from the comments and suggestions of Carl Legleiter and an anonymous reviewer. This article is dedicated to the memory of Melissa Laser of the Maine Bureau of Sea-Run Fisheries and Habitat. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1462 EP 1476 DI 10.1002/rra.1532 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 025CO UT WOS:000310162200011 ER PT J AU Shi, C Yu, KF Xie, WL Perry, G Navabi, A Pauls, KP Miklas, PN Fourie, D AF Shi, Chun Yu, Kangfu Xie, Weilong Perry, Gregory Navabi, Alireza Pauls, K. Peter Miklas, Phillip N. Fourie, Deidre TI Development of candidate gene markers associated to common bacterial blight resistance in common bean SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; QTL AB Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is a major yield-limiting factor of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production around the world. Two major CBB-resistant quantitative trait loci (QTL), linked to the sequence characterized amplified region markers BC420 and SU91, are located at chromosomes 6 and 8, respectively. Using map-based cloning approach, four bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones from the BC420-QTL locus and one BAC clone containing SU91 were sequenced by Roche 454 technique and subsequently assembled using merged assemblies from three different programs. Based on the quality of the assembly, only the sequences of BAC 32H6 and 4K7 were used for candidate gene marker (CGM) development and candidate gene (CG) selection. For the BC420-QTL locus, 21 novel genes were predicted in silico by FGENESH using Medicago gene model, whereas 16 genes were identified in the SU91-QTL locus. For each putative gene, one or more primer pairs were designed and tested in the contrasting near isogenic lines. Overall, six and nine polymorphic markers were found in the SU91- and BC420-QTL loci, respectively. Afterwards, association mapping was conducted in a breeding population of 395 dry bean lines to discover marker-trait associations. Two CGMs per each locus showed better association with CBB resistance than the BC420 and SU91 markers, which include BC420-CG10B and BC420-CG14 for BC420_QTL locus, and SU91-CG10 and SU91-CG11 for SU91_QTL locus. The strong associations between CBB resistance and the CGs 10 and 14 from BC420_QTL locus and the CGs 10 and 11 from SU91_QTL locus indicate that the genes 10 and 14 from the BC420 locus are potential CGs underlying the BC420_QTL locus, whereas the genes 10 and 11 from the SU91 locus are potential CGs underlying the SU91_QTL locus. The superiority of SU91-CG11 was further validated in a recombinant inbred line population Sanilac x OAC 09-3. Thus, co-dominant CGMs, BC420-CG14 and SU91-CG11, are recommended to replace BC420 and SU91 for marker-assisted selection of common bean with resistance to CBB. C1 [Shi, Chun; Yu, Kangfu; Navabi, Alireza] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crops Res Ctr, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. [Xie, Weilong; Perry, Gregory; Navabi, Alireza; Pauls, K. Peter] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Miklas, Phillip N.] USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Fourie, Deidre] ARC Grain Crops Inst, Potchefstroom, South Africa. RP Yu, KF (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crops Res Ctr, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. EM yuk@agr.gc.ca FU Ontario Bean Produces' Marketing Board; Ontario Coloured Bean Growers' Association; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Ontario Research Fund FX The authors acknowledge the financial supports from the Ontario Bean Produces' Marketing Board, Ontario Coloured Bean Growers' Association, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ontario Research Fund, and the technical assistance provided by Terry Rupert, Barbara Harwood, Bailing Zhang, and Samantha Krueger. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 125 IS 7 BP 1525 EP 1537 DI 10.1007/s00122-012-1931-6 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 021JS UT WOS:000309881700014 PM 22798059 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Scharfenstein, LL Mack, B Ehrlich, KC AF Chang, Perng-Kuang Scharfenstein, Leslie L. Mack, Brian Ehrlich, Kenneth C. TI Deletion of the Aspergillus flavus Orthologue of A. nidulans fluG Reduces Conidiation and Promotes Production of Sclerotia but Does Not Abolish Aflatoxin Biosynthesis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; SECONDARY METABOLISM; CONIDIOPHORE DEVELOPMENT; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; GENE; FUMIGATUS; ORYZAE; LAEA; BRLA; ABAA AB The fluG gene is a member of a family of genes required for conidiation and sterigmatocystin production in Aspergillus nidulans. We examined the role of the Aspergillus flavus fluG orthologue in asexual development and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Deletion of fluG in A. flavus yielded strains with an approximately 3-fold reduction in conidiation but a 30-fold increase in sclerotial formation when grown on potato dextrose agar in the dark. The concurrent developmental changes suggest that A. flavus FluG exerts opposite effects on a mutual signaling pathway for both processes. The altered conidial development was in part attributable to delayed expression of brlA, a gene controlling conidiophore formation. Unlike the loss of sterigmatocystin production by A. nidulans fluG deletion strains, aflatoxin biosynthesis was not affected by the fluG deletion in A. flavus. In A. nidulans, FluG was recently found to be involved in the formation of dehydroaustinol, a component of a diffusible signal of conidiation. Coculturing experiments did not show a similar diffusible meroterpenoid secondary metabolite produced by A. flavus. These results suggest that the function of fluG and the signaling pathways related to conidiation are different in the two related aspergilli. C1 [Chang, Perng-Kuang; Scharfenstein, Leslie L.; Mack, Brian; Ehrlich, Kenneth C.] Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. EM perngkuang.chang@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 78 IS 21 BP 7557 EP 7563 DI 10.1128/AEM.01241-12 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 018RB UT WOS:000309678600007 PM 22904054 ER PT J AU Carter, MQ Parker, CT Louie, JW Huynh, S Fagerquist, CK Mandrell, RE AF Carter, Michelle Q. Parker, Craig T. Louie, Jacqueline W. Huynh, Steven Fagerquist, Clifton K. Mandrell, Robert E. TI RcsB Contributes to the Distinct Stress Fitness among Escherichia coli O157:H7 Curli Variants of the 1993 Hamburger-Associated Outbreak Strains SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT ACID RESISTANCE; FIBRONECTIN-BINDING; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; CSGD PROMOTER; PHOSPHORELAY SYSTEM; PROTEIN BIOMARKERS; BIOFILM FORMATION; YERSINIA-PESTIS; EXPRESSION; GENES AB Curli are adhesive fimbriae of Enterobactericaeae and are involved in surface attachment, cell aggregation, and biofilm formation. We reported previously that curli-producing (C+) variants of E. coli O157:H7 (EcO157) were much more acid sensitive than their corresponding curli-deficient (C-) variants; however, this difference was not linked to the curli fimbriae per se. Here, we investigated the underlying molecular basis of this phenotypic divergence. We identified large deletions in the rcsB gene of C+ variants isolated from the 1993 U.S. hamburger-associated outbreak strains. rcsB encodes the response regulator of the RcsCDB two-component signal transduction system, which regulates curli biogenesis negatively but acid resistance positively. Further comparison of stress fitness revealed that C+ variants were also significantly more sensitive to heat shock but were resistant to osmotic stress and oxidative damage, similar to C- variants. Transcriptomics analysis uncovered a large number of differentially expressed genes between the curli variants, characterized by enhanced expression in C+ variants of genes related to biofilm formation, virulence, catabolic activity, and nutrient uptake but marked decreases in transcription of genes related to various types of stress resistance. Supplying C+ variants with a functional rcsB restored resistance to heat shock and acid challenge in cells but blocked curli production, confirming that inactivation of RcsB in C+ variants was the basis of fitness segregation within the EcO157 population. This study provides an example of how genome instability of EcO157 promotes intrapopulation diversification, generating subpopulations carrying an array of distinct phenotypes that may confer the pathogen with survival advantages in diverse environments. C1 [Carter, Michelle Q.; Parker, Craig T.; Louie, Jacqueline W.; Huynh, Steven; Fagerquist, Clifton K.; Mandrell, Robert E.] Agr Res Serv, Produce Safety & Microbiol Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Carter, MQ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Produce Safety & Microbiol Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM michelle.carter@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5325-42000-046-00D, 5325-42000-047-00D]; National Research Initiative competitive from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-55212-16927, 2007-35212-18239] FX This work was supported in part by USDA-ARS CRIS projects 5325-42000-046-00D and 5325-42000-047-00D and by National Research Initiative competitive grants 2006-55212-16927 and 2007-35212-18239 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 78 IS 21 BP 7706 EP 7719 DI 10.1128/AEM.02157-12 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 018RB UT WOS:000309678600025 PM 22923406 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Chapital, DC Howard, OD Deterding, LJ Mason, CB Shockey, JM Klasson, KT AF Cao, Heping Chapital, Dorselyn C. Howard, O. D., Jr. Deterding, Leesa J. Mason, Catherine B. Shockey, Jay M. Klasson, K. Thomas TI Expression and purification of recombinant tung tree diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diacylglycerol acyltransferase; Protein expression; Protein purification; E. coli (Escherichia coli); Tung tree (Vernicia fordii) ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; ACYL-COA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BIOSYNTHESIS; TRIGLYCERIDE SYNTHESIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; BINDING-PROTEIN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MESSENGER-RNA AB Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) esterify sn-1,2-diacylglycerol with a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA, the last and rate-limiting step of triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis in eukaryotic organisms. At least 74 DGAT2 sequences from 61 organisms have been identified, but the expression of any DGAT2 as a partial or full-length protein in Escherichia coli had not been reported. The main objective of this study was to express and purify recombinant DGAT2 (rDGAT2) from E. coli for antigen production with a minor objective to compare rDGAT2 expression in yeast. A plasmid was engineered to express tung tree DGAT2 fused to maltose binding protein and poly-histidine (His) affinity tags. Immunoblotting showed that rDGAT2 was detected in the soluble, insoluble, and membrane fractions. The rDGAT2 in the soluble fraction was partially purified by amylose resin, nickel-nitrilotriacetic agarose (Ni-NTA) beads, and tandem affinity chromatography. Multiple proteins co-purified with rDGAT2. Size exclusion chromatography estimated the size of the rDGAT2-enriched fraction to be approximately eight times the monomer size. Affinity-purified rDGAT2 fractions had a yellow tint and contained fatty acids. The rDGAT2 in the insoluble fraction was partially solubilized by seven detergents with SDS being the most effective. Recombinant DGAT2 was purified to near homogeneity by SDS solubilization and Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Mass spectrometry identified rDGAT2 as a component in the bands corresponding to the monomer and dimer forms as observed by SDS-PAGE. Protein bands with monomer and dimer sizes were also observed in the microsomal membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing hemagglutinin-tagged DGAT2. Nonradioactive assay showed TAG synthesis activity of DGAT2 from yeast but not E. coli. The results suggest that rDGAT2 is present as monomer and dimer forms on SDS-PAGE, associated with other proteins, lipids, and membranes, and that post-translational modification of rDGAT2 may be required for its enzymatic activity and/or the E. coli protein is misfolded. C1 [Cao, Heping; Chapital, Dorselyn C.; Mason, Catherine B.; Shockey, Jay M.; Klasson, K. Thomas] Agr Res Serv, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Howard, O. D., Jr.] Alcorn State Univ, Ctr Genom & Biotechnol, Lorman, MS 39069 USA. [Howard, O. D., Jr.] Alcorn State Univ, Dept Biol, Lorman, MS 39069 USA. [Deterding, Leesa J.] NIEHS, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cao, HP (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Heping.Cao@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081; Shockey, Jay/0000-0002-5057-5457 FU USDA-ARS; NIH, NIEHS [ES050171] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products Research Program and, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIEHS (project ES050171). O.D. Howard Jr. is a graduate student from the Center for Genomics and Biotechnology and Department of Biology at Alcorn State University working on his thesis at USDA-ARS. The authors thank Ms. Katina Johnson of the Protein Microcharacterization Core Facility (NIH-NIEHS) for the mass spectrometry analyses, Drs. Kandan Sethumadhavan and Soheila J. Maleki for technical help, and Drs. John M. Dyer, Thomas J. Caperna, Jeffrey W. Cary, Stephanie A. Boone, Kenneth B. Tomer, and Jeffrey F. Kuhn for helpful comments on the manuscript. A preliminary report was presented at the Plant Biology 2010 in Montreal, Canada, on July 31-August 4, 2010 (Cao et al. 2010). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 711 EP 727 DI 10.1007/s00253-012-3869-7 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 019AI UT WOS:000309708900011 PM 22270236 ER PT J AU Savidge, JA Hopken, MW Witmer, GW Jojola, SM Pierce, JJ Burke, PW Piaggio, AJ AF Savidge, Julie A. Hopken, Matthew W. Witmer, Gary W. Jojola, Susan M. Pierce, Judy J. Burke, Patrick W. Piaggio, Antoinette J. TI Genetic evaluation of an attempted Rattus rattus eradication on Congo Cay, U.S. Virgin Islands, identifies importance of eradication units SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Eradication; Invasion; Island; Microsatellite; Rattus rattus; US Virgin Islands ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; SOFTWARE; COLONIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM; ARCHIPELAGO; IMMIGRATION; NORVEGICUS; DIVERSITY; INVASIONS AB Congo Cay, U.S. Virgin Islands, has high value for breeding seabirds and is a potential reintroduction site for the endangered Virgin Islands tree boa (Epicrates monensis granti). However, introduced ship rats (Rattus rattus) undermine its conservation value. Three unsuccessful eradication attempts have been conducted since 1990, with the latest in 2006; rats were trapped 1.5 years later. We examined microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA sequences of ship rats from Congo Cay and three other nearby cays to determine if rats found after the most recent eradication effort were surviving individuals or reinvaders from neighboring cays; we had no pre-eradication samples. Only one mitochondrial haplotype was present, implying that historically there was a single invasion or if multiple invasions, rats came from a single source with limited haplotype diversity. Low genetic variation on Congo Cay suggested either a population bottleneck resulting from survivors or a founder event resulting from invaders. F (ST) estimates, cluster distances, migrant detections, and factorial correspondence analysis indicated low but meaningful levels of gene flow between Congo and Lovango Cays and between Mingo and Grass Cays. Except for two alleles, all other alleles found on Congo were also present on Lovango. Without pre-eradication samples we could not eliminate the possibility of survivors from a failed eradication. However, our data suggest reinvasion from Lovango Cay was likely and that future eradication efforts should consider both pairs of cays as eradication units. Cay juxtaposition and orientation along with ocean currents may explain rat movement, or lack thereof, among these cays. C1 [Savidge, Julie A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hopken, Matthew W.; Witmer, Gary W.; Jojola, Susan M.; Burke, Patrick W.; Piaggio, Antoinette J.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Pierce, Judy J.] Div Fish & Wildlife, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. RP Savidge, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM julie.savidge@colostate.edu FU USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center; Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University; USFWS [W23, 08-107A-02] FX We sincerely thank C. Colletti, D. Nellis, and T. Seibert for helping collect rat samples; J. Figueroa and M. Neubaum for help with laboratory procedures; F. Boyd of USDA-Wildlife Services for contributing rat samples from Congo and Lovango Cays; and P. Tolson, S. Vessey, and D. W. Nellis for information on the first eradication attempt on Congo. We are grateful to J. B. Morissette, D. Boyd, J. DeCorsi, and W. Leopold for allowing access to their land on Lovango Cay and J. Markus, M. Brown and staff for setting traps and collecting data on the Markus property. M. R. Douglas provided input on experimental design. Special thanks to T. Seibert, J. Russell, C. Richards, and M. Antolin for thoughtful discussion on interpretation of various results. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments. Funding was provided by USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center and a grant from the Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University. USFWS Region 4 Wildlife Restoration Grant W23 provided funding for J. Pierce. Research was conducted under Colorado State University ACUC protocol no. 08-107A-02. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2012 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2343 EP 2354 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0233-x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021AA UT WOS:000309856500012 ER PT J AU Block, CE Knoepp, JD Elliott, KJ Fraterrigo, JM AF Block, Corinne E. Knoepp, Jennifer D. Elliott, Katherine J. Fraterrigo, Jennifer M. TI Impacts of Hemlock Loss on Nitrogen Retention Vary with Soil Nitrogen Availability in the Southern Appalachian Mountains SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric nitrogen deposition; hemlock woolly adelgid; nitrogen flux; pest outbreaks; exotic species impacts; biotic sinks ID WOOLLY ADELGID INFESTATION; NEW-ENGLAND FORESTS; ION-EXCHANGE-RESIN; TSUGA-CANADENSIS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; EASTERN HEMLOCK; NEW-YORK; CONSEQUENCES AB The impacts of exotic insects and pathogens on forest ecosystems are increasingly recognized, yet the factors influencing the magnitude of effects remain poorly understood. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) exerts strong control on nitrogen (N) dynamics, and its loss due to infestation by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is expected to decrease N retention in impacted stands. We evaluated the potential for site variation in N availability to influence the magnitude of effects of hemlock decline on N dynamics in mixed hardwood stands. We measured N pools and fluxes at three elevations (low, mid, high) subjected to increasing atmospheric N deposition where hemlock was declining or absent (as reference), in western North Carolina. Nitrogen pools and fluxes varied substantially with elevation and increasing N availability. Total forest floor and mineral soil N increased (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0017, resp.) and forest floor and soil carbon (C) to N ratio decreased with elevation (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0123, resp.), suggesting that these high elevation pools are accumulating available N. Contrary to expectations, subsurface leaching of inorganic N was minimal overall (< 1 kg ha(-1) 9 months(-1)), and was not higher in stands with hemlock mortality. Mean subsurface flux was 0.16 +/- A 0.04 (SE) (kg N ha(-1) 100 days(-1)) in reference and 0.17 +/- A 0.05 (kg N ha(-1) 100 days(-1)) in declining hemlock stands. Moreover, although subsurface N flux increased with N availability in reference stands, there was no relationship between N availability and flux in stands experiencing hemlock decline. Higher foliar N and observed increases in the growth of hardwood species in high elevation stands suggest that hemlock decline has stimulated N uptake and growth by healthy vegetation within this mixed forest, and may contribute to decoupling the relationship between N deposition and ecosystem N flux. C1 [Block, Corinne E.; Fraterrigo, Jennifer M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Knoepp, Jennifer D.; Elliott, Katherine J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Fraterrigo, JM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jmf@illinois.edu RI Muldoon, Corinne/F-6705-2013 OI Muldoon, Corinne/0000-0002-5235-0155 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [875-353]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0823293]; USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory FX This project was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project #875-353 and by the National Science Foundation through a grant to the Coweeta LTER program (DEB-0823293), and the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. We acknowledge the support of many individuals at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, especially P. Clinton and C. Brown for data collection and processing, and valuable input from Gary Lovett, Frank Gilliam, and two anonymous reviewers on an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2012 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1108 EP 1120 DI 10.1007/s10021-012-9572-9 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021EN UT WOS:000309868200006 ER PT J AU Lydersen, J North, M AF Lydersen, Jamie North, Malcolm TI Topographic Variation in Structure of Mixed-Conifer Forests Under an Active-Fire Regime SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fire frequency; mixed-conifer forest; Sierra Nevada; topography; tree mortality; wildfire ID NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; TREE MORTALITY-RATES; PONDEROSA PINE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN CASCADES; BIRD COMMUNITIES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; BURN SEVERITY; CALIFORNIA AB Management efforts to promote forest resiliency as climate changes have often used historical forest structure and composition to provide general guidance for fuels reduction and forest restoration treatments. However, it has been difficult to identify what stand conditions might be fire and drought resilient because historical data and reconstruction studies are generally limited to accurate estimates only of large, live tree density and composition. Other stand features such as smaller tree densities, dead wood, understory structure, regeneration, and fuel loads have been difficult to quantify, estimate how they may vary across a landscape, or assess how they would be affected by fire under current climate conditions. We sampled old-growth, mixed-conifer forests with at least two low-intensity fires within the last 65 years in 150 plots at 48 sample sites ranging over 400 km of the Sierra Nevada. Recent fire history had the strongest influence on understory conditions with small tree density decreasing and shrub cover increasing with the increased intensity and frequency of fire associated with upper-slope and ridge-top locations. In contrast, stand structures associated with large, overstory trees such as total basal area, canopy cover, and the abundance of large snags and logs increased in topographic locations associated with more mesic, productive sites regardless of fire history. In forests with restored fire regimes, topography, fire and their interaction influence productivity and burn intensity, creating the structural heterogeneity characteristic of frequent-fire forests. C1 [Lydersen, Jamie] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [North, Malcolm] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Lydersen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmshields@ucdavis.edu FU USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station FX We would like to thank Cristin Walters for tireless field assistance; Tony Caprio (Sequoia/Kings Canyon N.P.), Jan van Wagtendonk (Yosemite N.P.), and Ross Gerrard (USFS) for help identifying sample sites; Neil Willits for statistical advice, and the USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station for financial support. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions were very helpful in improving the clarity of the manuscript. NR 66 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2012 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1134 EP 1146 DI 10.1007/s10021-012-9573-8 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021EN UT WOS:000309868200008 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Tiao, N Gebreyes, WA Jones, JL AF Dubey, J. P. Tiao, N. Gebreyes, W. A. Jones, J. L. TI A review of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Ethiopia SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Review DE Epidemiology; Ethiopia; humans; Toxoplasma gondii ID ADDIS-ABABA; SEROLOGICAL SURVEY; GOATS; SHEEP; INFECTION; HIV/AIDS AB Toxoplasmosis caused by the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, is a worldwide zoonosis. In this paper published information on toxoplasmosis in humans and other animals in Ethiopia is reviewed. Limited data indicate that the prevalence of T. gondii in humans in Ethiopia is very high, up to 41% of children aged 1-5 years were reported to be seropositive. There is little information on seroprevalence data in pregnant women and no data on congenital toxoplasmosis in children. About 1 million adults in Ethiopia are considered to be infected with HIV with less than one-third likely receive highly active antiviral therapy. Based on a conservative T. gondii seroprevalence of 50%, thousands might die of concurrent opportunistic infections, including toxoplasmosis. However, exact figures are not available, and most serological surveys are not current. Serological surveys indicate up to 79% of goats and sheep have T. gondii antibodies. However, there is no information on losses due to toxoplasmosis in livestock or the presence of viable T. gondii in any host in Ethiopia. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tiao, N.; Gebreyes, W. A.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jones, J. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, APDL, ANRI, BARC, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 27 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 140 IS 11 BP 1935 EP 1938 DI 10.1017/S0950268812001392 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 019GC UT WOS:000309724500002 PM 22874099 ER PT J AU Voglmayr, H Rossman, AY Castlebury, LA Jaklitsch, WM AF Voglmayr, Hermann Rossman, Amy Y. Castlebury, Lisa A. Jaklitsch, Walter M. TI Multigene phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Melanconiella (Diaporthales) SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE High diversity; Host specificity; Melanconidaceae; Molecular phylogeny; New species; Pathogen; Systematics ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; SUBUNIT; FUNGI; CRYPTOSPORELLA; COMPLEX; TREES; MAFFT AB Molecular phylogenetic analyses of LSU rDNA demonstrate monophyly of the genus Melanconiella, and its status as a genus distinct from Melanconis is confirmed. Data of macro- and microscopic morphology, pure cultures and phylogenetic analyses of partial SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA, tef1 and rpb2 sequences revealed 13 distinct species of Melanconiella, six of which are described as new (M. chrysodiscosporina, M. chrysomelanconium, M. chrysorientalis, M. echinata, M. elegans, M. meridionalis). Melanconiella hyperopta var. orientalis is described as a new variety. Diaporthe carpinicola, D. ellisii, D. flavovirens, D. hyperopta and D. ostryae are formally combined into Melanconiella. The name Melanconiella chrysostroma is excluded from Melanconiella, as it is an obligate synonym of Wuestneia xanthostroma. The type of Melanconiella is confirmed as M. spodiaea. Several species are lecto- and/or epitypified. A key to all treated species of Melanconiella is provided, and the circumscriptions of the genera Melanconis and Melanconiella are emended. Most Melanconiella species revealed by molecular phylogenetic analyses can be well characterised by a suite of morphological traits including ascospore shape, length and width, colour, absence/presence and shape of appendages and the anamorph. Anamorph-teleomorph connections were confirmed by pure culture and DNA data, revealing the presence of a single melanconium- or discosporina-like anamorph for each species. Colony growth was found to be characteristic of the respective species. Melanconiella is shown to be confined to the host family Betulaceae, and all species are found to be highly host-specific, mostly confined to a single host species. The biodiversity of Melanconiella was determined to be centred on the genus Carpinus with nine species, five of which have been confirmed on C. betulus. Europe appears to be the geographic centre of Melanconiella biodiversity. C1 [Voglmayr, Hermann; Jaklitsch, Walter M.] Univ Vienna, Dept Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Fac Ctr Biodivers, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Rossman, Amy Y.; Castlebury, Lisa A.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Voglmayr, H (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Dept Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Fac Ctr Biodivers, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. EM hermann.voglmayr@univie.ac.at RI Voglmayr, Hermann/B-1484-2013; Jaklitsch, Walter/B-4970-2013 OI Voglmayr, Hermann/0000-0001-7666-993X; NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1560-2745 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 BP 1 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s13225-012-0175-8 PG 44 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 021GF UT WOS:000309872600001 ER PT J AU Walker, DM Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Mejia, LC White, JF AF Walker, Donald M. Castlebury, Lisa A. Rossman, Amy Y. Mejia, Luis C. White, James F. TI Phylogeny and taxonomy of Ophiognomonia (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales), including twenty-five new species in this highly diverse genus SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Birch foliar pathogen; Butternut canker; GCPSR; Genealogical sorting index; Host associations; MS204; Multilocus phylogeny; Walnut anthracnose and leaf blotch ID GENEALOGICAL CONCORDANCE; TRITICEAE GRAMINEAE; HOST-ASSOCIATIONS; GENES; RECOGNITION; INFERENCE; FUNGUS; CRYPTOSPORELLA; ANTHRACNOSE; SYSTEMATICS AB Species of Ophiognomonia are leaf-inhabiting endophytes, pathogens, and saprobes that infect plants in the families Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Platanaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, and Sapindaceae. Based on extensive collecting, this species-rich genus is now known to have a world wide distribution in primarily temperate areas, although some species are known from the subtropics. Analyses of DNA sequences from three markers including guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein (MS204), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef-1 alpha), and the ITS region including ITS1, 5.8 S rDNA and ITS2 regions (ITS) were used to define phylogenetic species in Ophiognomonia. Host plant association correlated with these species. Twenty-five new species of Ophiognomonia and two new combinations are proposed with descriptions and illustrations. In addition, descriptions and illustrations are provided for 12 other species of Ophiognomonia. A key is provided to the 45 currently accepted species of Ophiognomonia. The disposition of additional names in Ophiognomonia is also discussed. C1 [Walker, Donald M.] Univ Findlay, Dept Nat Sci, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. [Castlebury, Lisa A.; Rossman, Amy Y.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mejia, Luis C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. [White, James F.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Walker, DM (reprint author), Univ Findlay, Dept Nat Sci, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. EM walkerd@findlay.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF 03-28364]; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Mycological Society of America FX This project was funded by the National Science Foundation Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (NSF 03-28364). Additional funding for field work by DMW was received through Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, from the C. Reed Funk Student Award by the Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, also the Backus Award and Everett Lutrell Mentor Student Travel Award from the Mycological Society of America. DMW also thanks Jo Anne Crouch and Adam Bazinet for assistance with data analyses; Kentaro Hosaka, Shinobu Inoue, Takao Kobayashi, Tsuyoshi Hosoya, Yousuke Degawa for hosting a collecting trip to Japan and Yuuri Hirooka for coordinating the visit; Christian Feuillet and Drew Minnis for discussions about nomenclature; Ryan Vo and Tunesha Phipps for technical assistance; and Larissa Vasilyeva, Alain Gardiennet, Yannick Mourgues, Marc Chovillon, Jacques Fornier, and Mikhail Sogonov for collection of fresh specimens for examination. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1560-2745 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 BP 85 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s13225-012-0200-y PG 63 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 021GF UT WOS:000309872600003 ER PT J AU Paschen, MA Schiff, NM Ginzel, MD AF Paschen, Matthew A. Schiff, Nathan M. Ginzel, Matthew D. TI Role of Volatile Semiochemicals in the Host and Mate Location Behavior of Mallodon dasystomus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Longhorned beetles; sex pheromone; kairomone; calling behavior ID LONGHORNED BEETLE COLEOPTERA; TETROPIUM-CINNAMOPTERUM KIRBY; PRIMITIVE SUBFAMILY PRIONINAE; MALE-PRODUCED PHEROMONE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; SEX-PHEROMONE; MONOCHAMUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; CALLING BEHAVIOR; PLANT VOLATILES; FUSCUM F AB Little is known of the role semiochemicals play in the mating systems of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the primitive subfamily Prioninae. Mallodon dasystomus (Say), the hardwood stump borer, is a widely distributed prionine native to the southern US. Preferred hosts of M. dasystomus include oak, sweetgum, sugarberry and hackberry; although they also colonize a variety of other hardwoods. Here, we study the mate location behavior of M. dasystomus by testing the hypotheses that the sexes are mutually attracted to volatiles emanating from the larval host and that females release a volatile pheromone that is attractive to males alone. In a Y-tube olfactometer, male and female M. dasystomus responded to volatiles from host material (i.e., sweetgum and sugarberry). However, only males responded to females in the olfactometer, suggesting that females release a volatile sex pheromone. In choice experiments conducted in a greenhouse, we determined that both males and females prefer host over non-host material. In further bioassays in the greenhouse, males chose host material containing a live female over that containing a live male or host material alone. These findings are further evidence of the critical role host volatiles and pheromones play in mating systems of longhorned beetles. C1 [Paschen, Matthew A.; Ginzel, Matthew D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schiff, Nathan M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Ginzel, MD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mginzel@purdue.edu FU Purdue University Department of Entomology; USDA Forest Service [08-JV-11330127-076]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [SRS-06-IA-11330127-189]; FWS [401816H022] FX We thank Annie Spikes for her contributions to the early phases of this work and Corey Wilkins for assistance in the field at the USDA Forest Service CBHR. We are grateful to Purdue University Department of Entomology and the USDA Forest Service (agreement no. 08-JV-11330127-076) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service grant SRS-06-IA-11330127-189, FWS Agreement # 401816H022 for financial support. We thank David Linden and Becky Rosamond for logistical support while we collected infested material and beetles at Yazoo and Dahomey National Wildlife Refuges respectively. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 EI 1572-8889 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 25 IS 6 BP 569 EP 577 DI 10.1007/s10905-012-9321-0 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 021CH UT WOS:000309862400004 ER PT J AU Uddowla, S Hollister, J Pacheco, JM Rodriguez, LL Rieder, E AF Uddowla, Sabena Hollister, Jason Pacheco, Juan M. Rodriguez, Luis L. Rieder, Elizabeth TI A Safe Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Platform with Two Negative Markers for Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; LEADER PROTEINASE; ATTENUATED VACCINE; VIRUS-INFECTION; CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION; SWINE; ELISA; PATHOGENESIS; REPLICATION AB Vaccination of domestic animals with chemically inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is widely practiced to control FMD. Currently, FMD vaccine manufacturing requires the growth of large volumes of virulent FMDV in biocontainment-level facilities. Here, two marker FMDV vaccine candidates (A(24)LL3D(YR) and A(24)LL3B(PVKV)3D(YR)) featuring the deletion of the leader coding region (L-pro) and one of the 3B proteins were constructed and evaluated. These vaccine candidates also contain either one or two sets of mutations to create negative antigenic markers in the 3D polymerase (3D(pol)) and 3B nonstructural proteins. Two mutations in 3D(pol), H27Y and N31R, as well as RQKP(9-12)-> PVKV substitutions, in 3B(2) abolish reactivity with monoclonal antibodies targeting the respective sequences in 3D(pol) and 3B. Infectious cDNA clones encoding the marker viruses also contain unique restriction endonuclease sites flanking the capsid-coding region that allow for easy derivation of custom designed vaccine candidates. In contrast to the parental A(24)WT virus, single A(24)LL3D(YR) and double A(24)LL3B(PVKV)3D(YR) mutant viruses were markedly attenuated upon inoculation of cattle using the natural aerosol or direct tongue inoculation. Likewise, pigs inoculated with live A(24)LL3D(YR) virus in the heel bulbs showed no clinical signs of disease, no fever, and no FMD transmission to in-contact animals. Immunization of cattle with chemically inactivated A(24)LL3D(YR) and A(24)LL3B(PVKV)3D(YR) vaccines provided 100% protection from challenge with parental wild-type virus. These attenuated, antigenically marked viruses provide a safe alternative to virulent strains for FMD vaccine manufacturing. In addition, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay targeted to the negative markers provides a suitable companion test for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals. C1 [Uddowla, Sabena; Hollister, Jason; Pacheco, Juan M.; Rodriguez, Luis L.; Rieder, Elizabeth] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. RP Rieder, E (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. EM elizabeth.rieder@ars.usda.gov OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 FU Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program; CRIS [1940-32000-053-00D, 1940-32000-057-00D]; Department of Homeland Security [60-1940-9-028] FX This research was supported in part by the Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (appointment of Sabena Uddowla), by CRIS projects 1940-32000-053-00D and 1940-32000-057-00D (Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture) (E. R.), and by reimbursable agreement 60-1940-9-028, Task 2a, with the Department of Homeland Security (E.R.). NR 50 TC 23 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 86 IS 21 BP 11675 EP 11685 DI 10.1128/JVI.01254-12 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 018JT UT WOS:000309657100026 PM 22915802 ER PT J AU Menke, J Dong, YH Kistler, HC AF Menke, Jon Dong, Yanhong Kistler, H. Corby TI Fusarium graminearum Tri12p Influences Virulence to Wheat and Trichothecene Accumulation SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; GENE-CLUSTER; EFFLUX PUMP; WILD-TYPE; INFECTION; TRANSPORTER; DISEASE; PROTEIN; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The gene Tri12 encodes a predicted major facilitator superfamily protein suggested to play a role in export of trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. It is unclear, however, how the Tri12 protein (Tri12p) may influence trichothecene sensitivity and virulence of the wheat pathogen Fusarium graminearum. In this study, we establish a role for Tri12 in toxin accumulation and sensitivity as well as in pathogenicity toward wheat. Tri12 deletion mutants (tri12) are reduced in virulence and result in decreased trichothecene accumulation when inoculated on wheat compared with the wild-type strain or an ectopic mutant. Reduced radial growth of Tri12 mutants on trichothecene biosynthesis induction medium was observed relative to the wild type and the ectopic strains. Diminished trichothecene accumulation was observed in liquid medium cultures inoculated with Tri12 mutants. Wild-type fungal cells grown under conditions that induce trichothecene biosynthesis develop distinct subapical swelling and form large vacuoles. A strain expressing Tri12p linked to green fluorescent protein shows localization of the protein consistent with the plasma membrane. Our results indicate Tri12 plays a role in self-protection and influences toxin production and virulence of the fungus in planta. C1 [Menke, Jon; Dong, Yanhong; Kistler, H. Corby] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kistler, H. Corby] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kistler, HC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM hckist@umn.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture, United States Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative awards [FY09-KI-016, FY08-KI-118, FY07-KI-125] FX We thank K. Broz for outstanding technical support and M. Sanders and the University of Minnesota Imaging Core Facility for helpful discussions. This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, United States Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative awards FY09-KI-016, FY08-KI-118, and FY07-KI-125. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1408 EP 1418 DI 10.1094/MPMI-04-12-0081-R PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 021RF UT WOS:000309902300003 PM 22835271 ER PT J AU Meng, Y Wise, RP AF Meng, Yan Wise, Roger P. TI HvWRKY10, HvWRKY19, and HvWRKY28 Regulate Mla-Triggered Immunity and Basal Defense to Barley Powdery Mildew SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID WRKY GENE SUPERFAMILY; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION SYSTEM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; PLANT DEFENSE; ALEURONE CELLS; RICE PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; GENOME; EUKARYOTES AB WRKY proteins represent a large family of transcription factors (TF), involved in plant development and defense. In all, 60 unique barley TF have been annotated that contain the WRKY domain; 26 of these are represented on the Barley1 GeneChip. Time-course expression profiles of these 26 HvWRKY TF were analyzed to investigate their role in mildew locus a (Mla)-mediated immunity to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, causal agent of powdery mildew disease. Inoculation-responsive, Mla-specified interactions with B. graminis f. sp. hordei revealed that 12 HvWRKY were differentially expressed: 10 highly upregulated and two significantly downregulated. Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of HvWRKY10, HvWRKY19, and HvWRKY28 compromised resistance-gene-mediated defense to powdery mildew in genotypes harboring both Rar1-dependent and Ran-independent Mla alleles, indicating that these WRKY TF play key roles in effector-triggered immunity. Comprehensive yeast two-hybrid analyses, however, did not reveal a direct interaction between these three nuclear-localized WRKY TF and MLA. Transient overexpression of all three WRKY TF in single cells expressing Mlo, which encodes a negative regulator of penetration resistance, significantly decreased susceptibility. Taken together, these loss- and gain-of-function studies demonstrate that HvWRKY10, HvWRKY19, and HvWRKY28 positively regulate the barley transcriptome in response to invasion by B. graminis f. sp. hordei. C1 [Meng, Yan; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Crop & Insect Genet Genom & Informat Res Unit CIG, USDA, ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu FU National Science Foundation [05-00461, 09-22746] FX We thank K. Sato and T. Matsumoto for access to barley full-length cDNA data prior to publication; M. J. Moscou, R. Caldo, and P. Surana for bioinformatics of the WRKY family and for initial analysis of GeneChip data; R. Xu and D. Nettleton for statistical analysis; D. Mistry, F. Guimaraes, and T. Hewezi for technical advice; G. Fuerst for excellent technical assistance throughout the project; and W. Xu for critical review of the manuscript. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Plant Genome grant 05-00461 and 09-22746. This article is a joint contribution of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station and the Crop and Insect Genetics, Genomics and Informatics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. Y. Meng designed the research, performed research, contributed new analytic tools, and analyzed data, and wrote the article. R. P. Wise designed the research, performed research and analyzed data, and wrote the article. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 40 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1492 EP 1505 DI 10.1094/MPMI-04-12-0082-R PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 021RF UT WOS:000309902300011 PM 22809275 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Augustine, DJ Brewer, P von Fischer, JC AF Dijkstra, Feike A. Augustine, David J. Brewer, Paul von Fischer, Joseph C. TI Nitrogen cycling and water pulses in semiarid grasslands: are microbial and plant processes temporally asynchronous? SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE N-15 tracer; Nitrogen cycling; Plant-microbial interactions; Temporal effects; Water addition ID DRY TROPICAL FOREST; SOIL-NITROGEN; UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-OXIDE; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; PRECIPITATION; CARBON; EMISSIONS; FLUXES AB Precipitation pulses in arid ecosystems can lead to temporal asynchrony in microbial and plant processing of nitrogen (N) during drying/wetting cycles causing increased N loss. In contrast, more consistent availability of soil moisture in mesic ecosystems can synchronize microbial and plant processes during the growing season, thus minimizing N loss. We tested whether microbial N cycling is asynchronous with plant N uptake in a semiarid grassland. Using N-15 tracers, we compared rates of N cycling by microbes and N uptake by plants after water pulses of 1 and 2 cm to rates in control plots without a water pulse. Microbial N immobilization, gross N mineralization, and nitrification dramatically increased 1-3 days after the water pulses, with greatest responses after the 2-cm pulse. In contrast, plant N uptake increased more after the 1-cm than after the 2-cm pulse. Both microbial and plant responses reverted to control levels within 10 days, indicating that both microbial and plant responses were short lived. Thus, microbial and plant processes were temporally synchronous following a water pulse in this semiarid grassland, but the magnitude of the pulse substantially influenced whether plants or microbes were more effective in acquiring N. Furthermore, N loss increased after both small and large water pulses (as shown by a decrease in total N-15 recovery), indicating that changes in precipitation event sizes with future climate change could exacerbate N losses from semiarid ecosystems. C1 [Dijkstra, Feike A.] Univ Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia. [Augustine, David J.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Brewer, Paul; von Fischer, Joseph C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brewer, Paul; von Fischer, Joseph C.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Level 4,Biomed Bldg,1 Cent Ave, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia. EM feike.dijkstra@sydney.edu.au RI Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; OI von Fischer, Joseph/0000-0001-5508-6073; Brewer, Paul/0000-0002-2715-5286; Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 FU USDA-ARS; Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Program; National Science Foundation [DEB 0217631, 0823405]; Australian Research Council [FT100100779] FX We thank Patrick McCusker, Sasha Podolak, Alison Eden, and Anita Kear for assistance in the field and laboratory. We thank Jana Heisler-White, Amy Angert, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. The study was supported by USDA-ARS and the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Program funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0217631 and 0823405). F.A.D. acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (FT100100779). NR 50 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 110 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2012 VL 170 IS 3 BP 799 EP 808 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2336-6 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021DT UT WOS:000309866200020 PM 22555358 ER PT J AU Barnhart, BL Eichinger, WE Prueger, JH AF Barnhart, B. L. Eichinger, W. E. Prueger, J. H. TI A New Eddy-Covariance Method Using Empirical Mode Decomposition SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eddy covariance; Empirical mode decomposition; Energy budget closure; Kinematic fluxes ID ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; HILBERT SPECTRUM; TIME-SERIES; FLUXNET; FLUXES; CARBON; LONG AB We introduce a new eddy-covariance method that uses a spectral decomposition algorithm called empirical mode decomposition. The technique is able to calculate contributions to near-surface fluxes from different periodic components. Unlike traditional Fourier methods, this method allows for non-orthogonal contributions to the total flux, which are shown to be errors due to the undersampling of low-frequency processes. Inspection of the non-orthogonal terms with relation to sampling duration and periodicity reveals that a measured periodic process requires approximately six cycles in order to be sufficiently sampled. This determines the maximum eddy size sufficiently measured given a particular sampling duration. C1 [Barnhart, B. L.; Eichinger, W. E.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Prueger, J. H.] ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Barnhart, BL (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, 100 C Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM bradleybarnhart@gmail.com NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 145 IS 2 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s10546-012-9741-6 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 016XD UT WOS:000309552300005 ER PT J AU Kochendorfer, J Meyers, TP Frank, J Massman, WJ Heuer, MW AF Kochendorfer, John Meyers, Tilden P. Frank, John Massman, William J. Heuer, Mark W. TI How Well Can We Measure the Vertical Wind Speed? Implications for Fluxes of Energy and Mass SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE (Co)sine correction; Eddy covariance; Energy budget closure; Greenhouse gas emissions; Sonic anemometer angle-of-attack correction; Surface-atmosphere exchange ID ANEMOMETER (CO)SINE RESPONSE; SONIC ANEMOMETER; ANGLE DISTRIBUTION; FLUXNET SITES; SENSIBLE HEAT; WATER-VAPOR; BALANCE; TEMPERATURE; MOMENTUM; SURFACE AB Sonic anemometers are capable of measuring the wind speed in all three dimensions at high frequencies (10-50 Hz), and are relied upon to estimate eddy-covariance-based fluxes of mass and energy over a wide variety of surfaces and ecosystems. In this study, wind-velocity measurement errors from a three-dimensional sonic anemometer with a non-orthogonal transducer orientation were estimated for over 100 combinations of angle-of-attack and wind direction using a novel technique to measure the true angle-of-attack and wind speed within the turbulent atmospheric surface layer. Corrections to the vertical wind speed varied from -5 to 37% for all angles-of-attack and wind directions examined. When applied to eddy-covariance data from three NOAA flux sites, the wind-velocity corrections increased the magnitude of CO2 fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and latent heat fluxes by a parts per thousand 11%, with the actual magnitude of flux corrections dependent upon sonic anemometer, surface type, and scalar. A sonic anemometer that uses vertically aligned transducers to measure the vertical wind speed was also tested at four angles-of-attack, and corrections to the vertical wind speed measured using this anemometer were within +/- 1% of zero. Sensible heat fluxes over a forest canopy measured using this anemometer were 15% greater than sensible heat fluxes measured using a sonic anemometer with a non-orthogonal transducer orientation. These results indicate that sensors with a non-orthogonal transducer orientation, which includes the majority of the research-grade three-dimensional sonic anemometers currently in use, should be redesigned to minimize sine errors by measuring the vertical wind speed using one pair of vertically aligned transducers. C1 [Kochendorfer, John; Meyers, Tilden P.; Heuer, Mark W.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Frank, John; Massman, William J.] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Heuer, Mark W.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kochendorfer, J (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM john.kochendorfer@noaa.gov RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX This work was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office. Dennis Finn (NOAA), Melissa Free (NOAA), Bruce Hicks (NOAA, retired), Maggie Robinson (NOAA), two anonymous reviewers, the Editor (John Garratt), and in particular Tom Horst (NCAR) helped improve this work by providing timely and insightful reviews of the manuscript. The authors also thank David Senn for photographing the anemometers in the wind tunnel (Fig. 1), and Scott Baggett for assistance with the statistical analysis. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 145 IS 2 BP 383 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s10546-012-9738-1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 016XD UT WOS:000309552300006 ER PT J AU Webb, NP Chappell, A Strong, CL Marx, SK McTainsh, GH AF Webb, Nicholas P. Chappell, Adrian Strong, Craig L. Marx, Samuel K. McTainsh, Grant H. TI The significance of carbon-enriched dust for global carbon accounting SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION AB Soil carbon stores amount to 54% of the terrestrial carbon pool and twice the atmospheric carbon pool, but soil organic carbon (SOC) can be transient. There is an ongoing debate about whether soils are a net source or sink of carbon, and understanding the role of aeolian processes in SOC erosion, transport and deposition is rudimentary. The impacts of SOC erosion by wind on the global carbon budget, and its importance for carbon accounting remain largely unknown. Current understanding of SOC losses to wind erosion is based on the assumption that the SOC content of eroded material is the same as that of the parent soils. However, measured enrichment factors for the SOC content of Australian dusts relative to parent soils show that the SOC content of dusts can be up to seven times (by weight) larger than that of source-area soils, with enrichment factors ranging from 1.67 to 7.09. Assuming dust emissions from the continent of similar to 110 similar to Mt similar to yr-1, SOC dust emissions would be 0.134.65 similar to Mt SOC similar to yr-1 without enrichment but 0.947.77 similar to Mt SOC similar to yr-1 with enrichment; which represents an uncertainty of around 60%. Representing SOC enrichment within dust emission models will reduce uncertainty in estimates of the impact of wind erosion on SOC flux and provide an approach for the inclusion of wind erosion processes in carbon accounting systems. C1 [Webb, Nicholas P.] NMSU, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Webb, Nicholas P.; Strong, Craig L.; McTainsh, Grant H.] Griffith Univ, Griffith Sch Environm, Atmospher Environm Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Chappell, Adrian] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Marx, Samuel K.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. RP Webb, NP (reprint author), NMSU, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3 JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM nick.webb01@gmail.com RI Marx, Samuel/D-1122-2013; Chappell, Adrian/A-7058-2011; Webb, Nicholas/D-3337-2011; CSIRO, SAF/H-3134-2013 OI Chappell, Adrian/0000-0002-0694-7348; NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 18 IS 11 BP 3275 EP 3278 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02780.x PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015MM UT WOS:000309450300003 ER PT J AU Sun, G McLaughlin, SB Porter, JH Uddling, J Mulholland, PJ Adams, MB Pederson, N AF Sun, Ge McLaughlin, Samuel B. Porter, John H. Uddling, Johan Mulholland, Patrick J. Adams, Mary B. Pederson, Neil TI Interactive influences of ozone and climate on streamflow of forested watersheds SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; drought enhancement; forest water use; ozone; streamflow ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FOREST; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ASPEN-BIRCH FORESTS; ABIES L KARST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; PONDEROSA PINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION AB The capacity of forests to mitigate global climate change can be negatively influenced by tropospheric ozone that impairs both photosynthesis and stomatal control of plant transpiration, thus affecting ecosystem productivity and watershed hydrology. We have evaluated individual and interactive effects of ozone and climate on late season streamflow for six forested watersheds (38-970 000ha) located in the Southeastern United States. Models were based on 18-26 year data records for each watershed and involved multivariate analysis of interannual variability of late season streamflow in response to physical and chemical climate during the growing season. In all cases, some combination of ozone variables significantly improved model performance over climate-only models. Effects of ozone and ozone xclimate interactions were also consistently negative and were proportional to variations in actual ozone exposures, both spatially across the region and over time. Conservative estimates of the influence of ozone on the variability (R2) of observed flow ranged from 7% in the area of lowest ozone exposure in West Virginia to 23% in the areas of highest exposure in Tennessee. Our results are supported by a controlled field study using free-air concentration enrichment methodology which indicated progressive ozone-induced loss of stomatal control over tree transpiration during the summer in mixed aspen-birch stands. Despite the frequent assumption that ozone reduces tree water loss, our findings support increasing evidence that ozone at near ambient concentrations can reduce stomatal control of leaf transpiration, and increase water use. Increases in evapotranspiration and associated streamflow reductions in response to ambient ozone exposures are expected to episodically increase the frequency and severity of drought and affect flow-dependent aquatic biota in forested watersheds. Regional and global models of hydrologic cycles and related ecosystem functions should consider potential interactions of ozone with climate under both current and future warmer and ozone-enriched climatic conditions. C1 [Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [McLaughlin, Samuel B.; Mulholland, Patrick J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Porter, John H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Uddling, Johan] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Adams, Mary B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Pederson, Neil] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Venture 2,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM ge_sun@ncsu.edu FU USDA Forest Service; National Park Service; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NSF [0621014] FX This research was initiated in 1990 with support from the USDA Forest Service and the National Park Service. Intervening support for analysis by G. Sun was provided through the US Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center and for analyses by S. McLaughlin as a private initiative since 2006. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Support for J. Porter was provided by NSF GRANT 0621014. The authors wish to thank Jim Renfro, Air Quality Specialist, National Park Service, Smoky Mountains National Park; Billy Pugh, Air Quality Specialist with the Tennessee Division of Environmental Quality, Nashville, Tennessee, and Carolyn Stevens, Data Analyst, Virginia Division of Environmental Quality, Richmond Virginia for their valuable assistance in acquiring historical ozone data for study sites in Tennessee and Virginia. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 10 U2 94 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 18 IS 11 BP 3395 EP 3409 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02787.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015MM UT WOS:000309450300013 ER PT J AU Cook, D Gardner, DR Grum, D AF Cook, Daniel Gardner, Dale R. Grum, Daniel TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE TOXIC ALKALOID SWAINSONINE AND ENDOPHYTES SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.; Grum, Daniel] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1341 EP 1341 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 016ZT UT WOS:000309559100004 ER PT J AU Berhow, MA Vaughn, SF Tisserat, B Eller, F AF Berhow, Mark A. Vaughn, Steven F. Tisserat, Brent Eller, Fred TI PROGRESS TOWARDS RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN PLANT EXTRACTS SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Berhow, Mark A.; Vaughn, Steven F.; Tisserat, Brent; Eller, Fred] USDA ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1353 EP 1354 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 016ZT UT WOS:000309559100038 ER PT J AU Jones, AMP Klun, JA Cantrell, CL Ragone, D Chauhan, KR Brown, PN Murch, SJ AF Jones, A. Maxwell P. Klun, Jerome A. Cantrell, Charles L. Ragone, Diane Chauhan, Kamlesh R. Brown, Paula N. Murch, Susan J. TI IDENTIFICATION OF MOSQUITO (AEDES AEGYPTI) BITING DETERRENT FATTY ACIDS FROM THE MALE INFLORESCENCE OF BREADFRUIT (ARTOCARPUS ALTILIS) SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jones, A. Maxwell P.] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Gosling Res Inst Plant Preservat, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Klun, Jerome A.; Chauhan, Kamlesh R.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ragone, Diane] Natl Trop Bot Garden, Breadfruit Inst, Kalaheo, HI 96741 USA. [Brown, Paula N.] British Columbia Inst Technol, Burnaby, BC V5G 3H2, Canada. [Brown, Paula N.; Murch, Susan J.] Univ British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1354 EP 1355 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 016ZT UT WOS:000309559100041 ER PT J AU Vshivkov, S Pshenichnov, E Golubenko, Z Akhunov, A Namazov, S Stipanovic, RD AF Vshivkov, Sergey Pshenichnov, Egor Golubenko, Zamira Akhunov, Alik Namazov, Shadman Stipanovic, Robert D. TI CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS TO QUANTITATE GOSSYPOL ENANTIOMERS IN COTTON FLOWER PETALS AND SEED SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vshivkov, Sergey; Pshenichnov, Egor; Golubenko, Zamira; Akhunov, Alik] Inst Bioorgan Chem AS RUz, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [Namazov, Shadman] Uzbek Sci Res Inst Cotton Breeding & Seed Prod, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [Stipanovic, Robert D.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1360 EP 1361 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 016ZT UT WOS:000309559100058 ER PT J AU Cook, D Gardner, DR Pfister, JA Welch, KD Green, BT AF Cook, Daniel Gardner, Dale R. Pfister, James A. Welch, Kevin D. Green, Benedict T. TI THE BIOGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF DUNCECAP LARKSPUR (DELPHINIUM OCCIDENTALE) CHEMOTYPES AND THEIR POTENTIAL TOXICITY SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.; Pfister, James A.; Welch, Kevin D.; Green, Benedict T.] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1365 EP 1365 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 016ZT UT WOS:000309559100074 ER PT J AU Scheller, RM Kretchun, AM Van Tuyl, S Clark, KL Lucash, MS Hom, J AF Scheller, Robert M. Kretchun, Alec M. Van Tuyl, Steve Clark, Kenneth L. Lucash, Melissa S. Hom, John TI Divergent carbon dynamics under climate change in forests with diverse soils, tree species, and land use histories SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; CENTURY; forest simulation model; heterotrophic respiration; LANDIS-II; New Jersey; soil carbon; wildfire ID JERSEY PINE-BARRENS; INVASIVE INSECTS; CHANGE SCENARIOS; EASTERN US; FIRE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NORTHERN; TEMPERATURE; LANDSCAPE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Accounting for both climate change and natural disturbances-which typically result in greenhouse gas emissions-is necessary to begin managing forest carbon sequestration. Gaining a complete understanding of forest carbon dynamics is, however, challenging in systems characterized by historic over-utilization, diverse soils and tree species, and frequent disturbance. In order to elucidate the cascading effects of potential climate change on such systems, we projected forest carbon dynamics, including soil carbon changes, and shifts in tree species composition as a consequence of wildfires and climate change in the New Jersey pine barrens (NJPB) over the next 100 years. To do so, we used the LANDIS-II succession and disturbance model combined with the CENTURY soil model. The model was calibrated and validated using data from three eddy flux towers and the available empirical or literature data. Our results suggest that climate change will not appreciably increase fire sizes and intensity. The recovery of C stocks following substantial disturbances at the turn of the 20th century will play a limited but important role in this system. In areas characterized by high soil water holding capacity, reduced soil moisture may lead to lower total C and these forests may switch from being carbon sinks to becoming carbon neutral towards the latter part of the 21st century. In contrast, other areas characterized by lower soil water holding capacity and drought tolerant species are projected to experience relatively little change over the next 100 years. Across all soil types, however, the regeneration of many key tree species may decline leading to longer-term (beyond 2100) risks to forest C. These divergent responses were largely a function of the dominant tree species, and their respective temperature and soil moisture tolerances, and soil water holding capacity. In summary, the system is initially C conservative but by the end of the 21st century, there is increasing risk of de-stabilization due to declining growth and regeneration. C1 [Scheller, Robert M.; Kretchun, Alec M.; Lucash, Melissa S.] Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Van Tuyl, Steve; Hom, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Clark, Kenneth L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. RP Scheller, RM (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM rmschell@pdx.edu RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009; Lucash, Melissa /I-8677-2012 OI Lucash, Melissa /0000-0003-1509-3273 FU National Fire Plan, Forest Health Monitoring [NE-F-08-01]; Eastern Landfire Prototype FX This manuscript was greatly improved by reviews provided by Eric Gustafson, John Lennon Campbell, and three anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided from the National Fire Plan, Forest Health Monitoring (NE-F-08-01), and the Eastern Landfire Prototype. NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 11 AR UNSP 110 DI 10.1890/ES12-00241.1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IU UT WOS:000327304100018 ER PT J AU Steel, EA Tillotson, A Larsen, DA Fullerton, AH Denton, KP Beckman, BR AF Steel, E. Ashley Tillotson, Abby Larsen, Donald A. Fullerton, Aimee H. Denton, Keith P. Beckman, Brian R. TI Beyond the mean: The role of variability in predicting ecological effects of stream temperature on salmon SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; climate change; dams; degree days; egg incubation; emergence; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; phenology ID PACIFIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; WATER; RIVER; SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; RESPONSES; EVOLUTION; REGIMES; EMBRYOS AB Alterations in variance of riverine thermal regimes have been observed and are predicted with climate change and human development. We tested whether changes in daily or seasonal thermal variability, aside from changes in mean temperature, could have biological consequences by exposing Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) eggs to eight experimental thermal regimes. Thermal variance impacted both emergence timing and development at emergence. Further, genetics influenced the magnitude of that response. Ecological implications include: (1) changes in thermal variability, independent of warming, have the potential to alter the timing of life history processes, (2) the commonly-used degree day accumulation model is not sufficient to predict how organisms respond to altered temperature regimes, and (3) there are likely to be genetic differences in how individuals and populations respond to future water temperature regimes. C1 [Steel, E. Ashley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Tillotson, Abby; Larsen, Donald A.; Fullerton, Aimee H.; Denton, Keith P.; Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Steel, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 North 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM asteel@fs.fed.us FU NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC); REUT Division, NWFSC; Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service FX Funding was provided by NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) internal grants program. Supplemental project support was provided by the REUT Division, NWFSC, and the Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service. Manuscript reviews by P. Bisson and P. Gould, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved this manuscript. We appreciate assistance of S. Luis, L. Vo, and B. Sanderson, NWFSC. We also thank C. Strom and staff, Yakima-Klickitat Fisheries Project, Cle Elum Supplementation and Research Facility, Cle Elum, WA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 11 AR UNSP 104 DI 10.1890/ES12-00255.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IU UT WOS:000327304100012 ER PT J AU de Graff, JV Gallegos, AJ AF de Graff, Jerome V. Gallegos, Alan J. TI The Challenge of Improving Identification of Rockfall Hazard after Wildfires SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Landslides; Rockfall; Wildfire; Natural Hazards; California; Modeling ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DEBRIS FLOWS; CALIFORNIA; US C1 [de Graff, Jerome V.; Gallegos, Alan J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Clovis, CA 94611 USA. RP de Graff, JV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1600 Tollhouse Rd, Clovis, CA 94611 USA. EM jdegraff@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 EI 1558-9161 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 18 IS 4 BP 389 EP 397 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 264FN UT WOS:000327862500006 ER PT J AU Neary, DG Koestner, KA AF Neary, Daniel G. Koestner, Karen A. TI Forest bioenergy feedstock harvesting effects on water supply SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Water flowing from forested catchments, both unmanaged and managed, is highly valued in terms of both quantity and quality. Increasing energy production using wood feedstocks produces varying degrees of impacts and thereby raises concerns about environmental impacts on the highly valued water supply resources of forest ecosystems. The term water supply encompasses both key components of water quantity and water quality. Water quantity considers the amount of increases or decreases, timing, consistency, and relative magnitude of water yields. Plant nutrients (anions and cations), fertilizers, herbicides, ash additions, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, bacteria, and sediment comprise water quality. Within the life cycle of forest bioenergy, operational activities during stand establishment, midrotation silviculture, harvesting, product transportation, wood storage, energy production, and ash recycling create variable levels of impacts. Disturbance levels associated with bioenergy operations depend on their type, intensity, frequency, duration, timing, area of extent, and the level of best management practices (BMPs) employed for mitigating of soil disturbances. Feedstock growing, stand tending, harvesting, and wood transportation are considered non-point source disturbances since they occur over larger landscapes than energy production activities, which are usually localized at power plants. Water-quantity effects of forest bioenergy production are normally associated with vegetation management and related soil disturbances. Water-quality effects mostly occur as a result of soil disturbances during harvesting, the use of intra-rotation silvicultural chemicals (ash, fertilizers, and herbicides), and inter-rotation site preparation for forest regeneration. Using existing practices designed for environmental protection (BMPs), forest bioenergy programs are completely compatible with maintaining high-quality water supplies in forested catchments. (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Neary, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dneary@fs.fed.us NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 2041-8396 EI 2041-840X J9 WIRES ENERGY ENVIRON JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Energy Environ. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 1 IS 3 BP 270 EP 284 DI 10.1002/wene.26 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA V34PJ UT WOS:000209098000003 ER PT J AU Qualls, WA Xue, R Revay, EE Allan, SA Muller, GC AF Qualls, Whitney A. Xue, Rudy Revay, Edita E. Allan, Sandra A. Muller, Gunter C. TI Implications for operational control of adult mosquito production in cisterns and wells in St. Augustine, FL using attractive sugar baits SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE Attractive toxic sugar baits; ATSB; Cisterns; Wells; Control; Culex quinquefasciatus; Anopheles crucians; Toxorhynchites rutilus; St. Augustine, FL ID LARVAL HABITATS; CULEX-PIPIENS; AEDES; POPULATIONS; PLANTS AB The aim of this study was to further investigate the use of attractive sugar baits as an effective, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly tool for integrated mosquito management programs. Mosquitoes were offered dyed sugar bait in wells and cisterns in an urban tourist area in St. Augustine, FL Exit traps were constructed to cover the well and cistern openings so the number of resting and emerging mosquitoes stained by feeding on the sugar bait could be monitored. Four mosquito species were collected from these structures: Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Anopheles crucians (Wiedemann), Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus (Coquillett). Overall, 90% (1482/1644) of the mosquitoes trapped were stained. In general, the number of mosquitoes stained was significantly greater in wells (P<0.0001) and cisterns (P<0.0001) than the numbers that were not stained by the colored bait. Based on the number of mosquitoes stained, we would have expected considerable mosquito mortality had the sugar bait contained an oral toxin. The results of this study support the concept of using attractive toxic sugar baits as an effective tool for integrated mosquito management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Qualls, Whitney A.; Xue, Rudy] Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL USA. [Revay, Edita E.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Bruce Rappaport Fac Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel. [Allan, Sandra A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Muller, Gunter C.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis, Inst Med Res Israel Canada, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Qualls, WA (reprint author), Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL USA. EM quallsamcd@bellsouth.net FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA [47302]; Anastasia Mosquito Control District, Old Beach Road, St. Augustine, FL, USA FX The project was partly sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA. (grant no. 47302) and by the Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 500 Old Beach Road, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA. Tel.: +1 904 471 3107; fax: +1 904 471 3189. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 124 IS 2 BP 158 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.07.004 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 014JT UT WOS:000309372600009 PM 22820024 ER PT J AU Osborne, DL Weaver, CM McCabe, LD McCabe, GP Novotny, R Van Loan, MD Going, S Matkovic, FV Boushey, CJ Savaiano, DA AF Osborne, D. L. Weaver, C. M. McCabe, L. D. McCabe, G. P. Novotny, R. Van Loan, M. D. Going, S. Matkovic, V. Boushey, C. J. Savaiano, D. A. CA ACT Res Team TI Body size and pubertal development explain ethnic differences in structural geometry at the femur in Asian, Hispanic, and white early adolescent girls living in the U.S. SO BONE LA English DT Article DE Bone; Lean mass; Fat mass; Menarche; Ethnicity; Race ID BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ESTIMATE CALCIUM INTAKE; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FEMORAL-NECK; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PROXIMAL FEMUR AB Variation in structural geometry is present in adulthood, but when this variation arises and what influences this variation prior to adulthood remains poorly understood. Ethnicity is commonly the focus of research of skeletal integrity and appears to explain some of the variation in quantification of bone tissue. However, why ethnicity explains variation in skeletal integrity is unclear. Methods: Here we examine predictors of bone cross sectional area (CSA) and section modulus (Z), measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the Advanced Hip Analysis (AHA) program at the narrow neck of the femur in adolescent (9-14 years) girls (n = 479) living in the United States who were classified as Asian, Hispanic, or white if the subject was 75% of a given group based on parental reported ethnicity. Protocols for measuring height and weight follow standardized procedures. Total body lean mass (LM) and total body fat mass (FM) were quantified in kilograms using DXA. Total dietary and total dairy calcium intakes from the previous month were estimated by the use of an electronic semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (eFFQ). Physical activity was estimated for the previous year by a validated self-administered modifiable activity questionnaire for adolescents with energy expenditure calculated from the metabolic equivalent (MET) values from the Compendium of Physical Activities. Multiple regression models were developed to predict CSA and Z. Results: Age, time from menarche, total body lean mass (LM), total body fat mass (FM), height, total calcium, and total dairy calcium all shared a significant (p<0.05), positive relationship with CSA. Age, time from menarche, LM, FM, and height shared significant (p<0.05), positive relationships with Z. For both CSA and Z, LM was the most important covariate. Physical activity was not a significant predictor of geometry at the femoral neck (p >= 0.339), even after removing LM as a covariate. After adjusting for covariates, ethnicity was not a significant predictor in regression models for CSA and Z. Conclusion: Variability in bone geometry at the narrow neck of the femur is best explained by body size and pubertal maturation. After controlling for these covariates there were no differences in bone geometry between ethnic groups. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Osborne, D. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anthropol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Weaver, C. M.; McCabe, L. D.; Boushey, C. J.; Savaiano, D. A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McCabe, G. P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Novotny, R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Van Loan, M. D.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Going, S.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Matkovic, V.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Boushey, C. J.] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Canc, Program Epidemiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Osborne, DL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anthropol, 810 Oldfather Hall,POB 880368, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM dosborne2@unl.edu OI Savaiano, Dennis/0000-0001-8872-6276 FU Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems Program (IFAFS) of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [00-52102-9696] FX This project was supported by the Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems Program (IFAFS) of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, award number 00-52102-9696. This research could not have taken place without the combined efforts of the ACT research team. Thanks to David Burr for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Thanks to LuAnn Wandsnider and the anonymous reviewers for comments. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD NOV PY 2012 VL 51 IS 5 BP 888 EP 895 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2012.08.125 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 015FX UT WOS:000309432900008 PM 22944607 ER PT J AU Braun, SE Sanderson, JP Daughtrey, ML Wraight, SP AF Braun, S. E. Sanderson, J. P. Daughtrey, M. L. Wraight, S. P. TI Attraction and oviposition responses of the fungus gnat Bradysia impatiens to microbes and microbe-inoculated seedlings in laboratory bioassays SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE plant disease epidemics; ovipositional stimulation; greenhouse management; Diptera; Sciaridae; Pythium; Pelargonium ID TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM T-22; NR. COPROPHILA DIPTERA; MOTH FLIES; SCIARIDAE; TRANSMISSION; PYTHIUM; ANTHOMYIIDAE; ACQUISITION; GREENHOUSE; DISPERSAL AB Laboratory tests were conducted to examine preferences of Bradysia impatiens Johannsen (Diptera: Sciaridae) larvae and adults for various microbes associated with greenhouse crops. Fungus gnat larvae and adults exhibited a preference for cultures of Pythium spp. over the medium used to grow the pathogens. Larvae also exhibited a preference for geranium seedlings infected with pathogenic Pythium spp. [P. aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz., P. ultimum Trow, and P. irregulare Buis. (Oomycota: Peronosporales)] over non-inoculated plants. Adult fungus gnats exhibited a strong ovipositional preference for the aforementioned Pythium spp. as well as a variety of other microorganisms, including the pathogenic fungus Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Br.) (Ascomycota: Microascales), the geranium-infecting bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii (Brown) Dye (Proteobacteria: Xanthomonadales), the non-pathogenic species Pythium torulosum Coker & P. Patt. and Pythium graminicola Subramaniam, the pathogen-suppressive fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), and the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Our study is the first to demonstrate that fungus gnats are attracted to and/or stimulated to oviposit by a wide array of living microorganisms both in pure culture and in association with plant seedlings. These findings have important implications with respect to the potential role of fungus gnats in plant pathogen transmission. C1 [Braun, S. E.; Sanderson, J. P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Daughtrey, M. L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wraight, S. P.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Braun, SE (reprint author), Quinnipiac Coll, Dept Biol, Hamden, CT 06518 USA. EM sarah.braun@quinnipiac.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Plant Protection Research Unit [58-1907-5-555, 58-1907-4-447]; Cornell University Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY [58-1907-5-555, 58-1907-4-447]; USDA-ARS; NSF; Grace H. Griswold Endowment Grant FX We thank E.B. Nelson of Cornell University for providing strains of P. aphanidermatum and P. ultimum. We thank M. Ramos and K.C. Bennett for technical support. This research was funded, in part, through Specific Cooperative Agreements between the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Plant Protection Research Unit and the Cornell University Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY (Specific Cooperative Agreements 58-1907-5-555 and 58-1907-4-447) funded by the USDA-ARS, as part of the Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative. Additional funding came from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and a Grace H. Griswold Endowment Grant to S.E. Braun. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement by Cornell University or the USDA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 145 IS 2 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2012.01315.x PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 014QZ UT WOS:000309392100001 ER PT J AU Birla, K Rivera-Varas, V Secor, GA Khan, MFR Bolton, MD AF Birla, Keshav Rivera-Varas, Viviana Secor, Gary A. Khan, Mohamed F. R. Bolton, Melvin D. TI Characterization of cytochrome b from European field isolates of Cercospora beticola with quinone outside inhibitor resistance SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cercospora leaf spot (CLS); G143A; MAMA; Q(O)I; Strobilurin; Sugar beet ID F-SP TRITICI; QOI RESISTANCE; SUGAR-BEET; VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; STROBILURIN FUNGICIDES; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; LABORATORY MUTANTS; G143A MUTATION; GENE AB Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungal pathogen Cercospora beticola, is the most important foliar disease of sugar beet worldwide. Control strategies for CLS rely heavily on quinone outside inhibitor (Q(O)I) fungicides. Despite the dependence on Q(O)Is for disease control for more than a decade, a comprehensive survey of Q(O)I sensitivity has not occurred in the sugar beet growing regions of France or Italy. In 2010, we collected 866 C. beticola isolates from sugar beet growing regions in France and Italy and assessed their sensitivity to the Q(O)I fungicide pyraclostrobin using a spore germination assay. In total, 213 isolates were identified with EC50 values greater than 1.0 mu g ml(-1) to pyraclostrobin, all of which originated from Italy. To gain an understanding of the molecular basis of Q(O)I resistance, we cloned the full-length coding region of Cbcytb, which encodes the mitochondrial Q(O)I-target enzyme cytochrome b in C. beticola. Cbcytb is a 1,162-bp intron-free gene with obvious homology to other fungal cytb genes. Sequence analysis of Cbcytb was carried out in 32 Q(O)I-sensitive (< 0.080 mu g ml(-1)) and 27 Q(O)I-resistant (> 1.0 mu g ml(-1)) isolates. All tested Q(O)I-resistant isolates harboured a point mutation in Cbcytb at nucleotide position 428 that conferred an exchange from glycine to alanine at amino acid position 143 (G143A). A PCR assay developed to discriminate Q(O)I-sensitive and Q(O)I-resistant isolates based on the G143A mutation could detect and differentiate isolates down to approximately 25 pg of template DNA. Microsatellite analyses suggested that Q(O)I resistance emerged independently in multiple genotypic backgrounds at multiple locations. Our results indicate that Q(O)I resistance has developed in some C. beticola populations in Italy and monitoring the G143A mutation is essential for fungicide resistance management in this pathosystem. C1 [Bolton, Melvin D.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Birla, Keshav; Rivera-Varas, Viviana; Secor, Gary A.; Khan, Mohamed F. R.; Bolton, Melvin D.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Khan, Mohamed F. R.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bolton, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM Melvin.Bolton@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-22000-042-00D]; Sugarbeet Research and Education Board; Beet Sugar Development Foundation FX We thank X. Wang for excellent technical assistance. We thank Drs. Nicola Minerva and Franco Cioni of Beta Italia, Ferrara, Italy and Dr. Bruno Desprez, SESVanderHave, Tienen, Belgium for their assistance in the collection of sugar beet samples in Italy and France. We thank Dr. Marc Richard-Molard of L'Institute Technique de la Betterrave (I'ITB), Paris, France, for helpful discussions on fungicide registration. We thank Dr. Marina Colina of the University of Bologna, Italy, for the use of their facility for sample processing. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project 5442-22000-042-00D and grants from the Sugarbeet Research and Education Board and Beet Sugar Development Foundation. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 134 IS 3 BP 475 EP 488 DI 10.1007/s10658-012-0029-y PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 012KU UT WOS:000309235900005 ER PT J AU Zenner, EK Olszewski, SL Palik, BJ Kastendick, DN Peck, JE Blinn, CR AF Zenner, Eric K. Olszewski, Stacey L. Palik, Brian J. Kastendick, Douglas N. Peck, JeriLynn E. Blinn, Charles R. TI Riparian vegetation response to gradients in residual basal area with harvesting treatment and distance to stream SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE RMZ; Best management practices; Species composition; Woody biomass; Residual basal area ID MICROCLIMATIC GRADIENTS; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; MIXEDWOOD STANDS; ASPEN STANDS; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; ZONES; REGENERATION AB The long-term sustainability of riparian management zones (RMZs) depends upon the maintenance of desirable ecosystem conditions within the riparian buffer. We assessed the change in understory vegetation (density and/or biomass of tree seedlings, saplings, woody shrubs, and herbs) in response to different levels of residual basal area within eight northern hardwood RMZs in northeastern Minnesota, USA. Three-year herbaceous cover, diversity, and species composition was investigated in a subset of four of these sites. RMZs were 46 m wide and located next to upland clearcuts. Three overstory harvest treatments were applied in the RMZs: uncut controls with an average overstory basal area of 23 m(2) ha(-1), overstory basal area reduction to 16 m(2) ha(-1) in the medium-retention RMZs, and overstory basal area reduction to 8 m(2) ha(-1) in the low-retention RMZs. Both partial cut treatments followed best management practices to decrease management intensity towards stream banks, resulting in a gradient of decreasing residual basal area corresponding to increasing light availability with increasing distance from the stream. Understory shrub and sapling biomass, and density of small woody regeneration, including aspen/birch and beaked hazel, all increased in the partially harvested treatments by the third year following treatment, particularly in the low-retention RMZs. In all treatments, along the gradient of decreasing basal area with distance from the stream, small woody biomass and aspen/birch regeneration densities responded positively with distance to stream and increased light availability. Species with higher light requirements increased significantly with more light availability. In contrast, herbaceous species with higher nutrient and heat requirements responded negatively to increased light availability and increased distance to the stream, including in the controls. This response was large due to species differences between the location nearest to the stream and those further from the stream and most likely reflects different species compositions among fluvial landforms. While both partial harvesting treatments resulted in aspen regeneration densities within acceptable ranges for timber production standards, the lower (though not statistically significant) beaked hazel densities following the more conservative partial harvest treatment might be more favorable for the development of longer-lived conifer species in the long run. Further, many of the herbaceous responses were only observed at the extreme ends of the treatment gradient. Regardless of treatment, the edge effect on light availability, which extended at least 5 m into the uncut control RMZ, may reduce the functional width (i.e., effectiveness) of the vegetation buffer. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zenner, Eric K.; Peck, JeriLynn E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Olszewski, Stacey L.] USDA NRCS, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. [Palik, Brian J.; Kastendick, Douglas N.] USDA FS No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Blinn, Charles R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Zenner, EK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM eric.zenner@psu.edu OI Blinn, Charlie/0000-0003-1981-5421 FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Department of Forest Resources at the University of Minnesota; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station [MN 42-022]; University of Minnesota Extension; Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR) FX We thank Terry Serres, Rebecca Montgomery, and Michelle Martin for their help with field work and insight. We also thank the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, the Department of Forest Resources at the University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station under Project MN 42-022, the University of Minnesota Extension, and the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR) for funding. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 283 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.010 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 013JQ UT WOS:000309302100007 ER PT J AU Kocyigit-Kaymakcioglu, B Orucc-Emre, EE Unsalan, S Tabanca, N Khan, SI Wedge, DE Iscan, G Demirci, F Rollas, S AF Kocyigit-Kaymakcioglu, Bedia Oruc-Emre, Emine Elcin Unsalan, Seda Tabanca, Nurhayat Khan, Shabana Iqrar Wedge, David Earl Iscan, Gokalp Demirci, Fatih Rollas, Sevim TI Synthesis and biological activity of hydrazide-hydrazones and their corresponding 3-acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazoles SO MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydrazide-hydrazones; 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles; Anti-inflammatory; Cytotoxicity; Antioxidant; Antifungal ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITION AB Various 3-acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (11-20) were prepared by the reaction of aryl substituted hydrazones of 4-fluorobenzoic acid hydrazide (1-10) with acetic anhydride. The structures of the synthesized compounds 11-20, were confirmed by UV, IR, H-1-NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. Antifungal evaluation of the hydrazide-hydrazones 1-10 and corresponding 3-acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 11-20, against clinical and standard Candida pathogens have been performed by using agar diffusion to indentify the active compounds, which were later subjected to a broth microdilution assay to justify the activity level in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). 4-Fluorobenzoic acid [(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)methylene]hydrazide, showed the highest inhibitory activity against Candida albicans (MIC: 125 mu g/ml), and when compared with ketoconazole. In addition, bioauthographic antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi such as Colletotrichum, Botrytis, Fusarium, and Phomopsis was conducted. 4-Fluorobenzoic acid [(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)methylene]hydrazide was the most active analog against P. viticola with 91% inhibition at 30 mu M after 144 h. Furthermore, known and the newly synthesized compounds were also screened through a panel of bioassays to determine their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities in mammalian cells. 3-Acetyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole, showed a strong inhibition of NF-kappa B-dependent transcription in SW1353 cells with IC50 value of 0.75 mu g/ml. 4-Fluorobenzoic acid [(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide, and 3-acetyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole on intracellular ROS generation in PMA induced HL-60 cells demonstrated potent activity with IC50 values of 0.9 mu g/ml. A strong inhibition of the activity of iNOS activity in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells was observed for 3-acetyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole with IC50 value of 0.3 mu g/ml. C1 [Kocyigit-Kaymakcioglu, Bedia; Unsalan, Seda; Rollas, Sevim] Marmara Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Fac Pharm, TR-34668 Istanbul, Turkey. [Oruc-Emre, Emine Elcin] Gaziantep Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Arts & Sci, TR-27310 Gaziantep, Turkey. [Khan, Shabana Iqrar] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. [Khan, Shabana Iqrar] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Wedge, David Earl] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Iscan, Gokalp; Demirci, Fatih] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. RP Kocyigit-Kaymakcioglu, B (reprint author), Marmara Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Fac Pharm, TR-34668 Istanbul, Turkey. EM bkaymakcioglu@marmara.edu.tr; ntabanca@olemiss.edu RI Demirci, Fatih /A-8295-2008 OI Demirci, Fatih /0000-0003-1497-3017 FU Marmara University Research Center [SAG-060-210]; USDA; ARS; NPURU FX This project was financially supported by the Marmara University Research Center (Project number SAG-060-210). The authors express their gratitude for USDA, ARS, NPURU financial support. Also Ms. J. Linda Robertson, Ms. Ramona Pace, and Ms. Xiaoning Wang for assistance with the antifungal assay, Mr. John Trott, Mr. Paul Bates, and Ms. Katherine Martin for bioassays for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities are acknowledged. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER BIRKHAUSER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, 6TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-2523 EI 1554-8120 J9 MED CHEM RES JI Med. Chem. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 21 IS 11 BP 3499 EP 3508 DI 10.1007/s00044-011-9882-z PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 014AY UT WOS:000309348600020 ER PT J AU Riddell, J Padgett, PE Nash, TH AF Riddell, J. Padgett, P. E. Nash, T. H., III TI Physiological responses of lichens to factorial fumigations with nitric acid and ozone SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Lichens; Air pollution; HNO3; O-3; Biomonitoring ID EPIPHYTIC MACROLICHEN COMMUNITIES; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; OXIDANT AIR-POLLUTION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; NITROGEN-DEPOSITION; RAMALINA-MENZIESII; TOBACCO PLANTS; NETHERLANDS; CONIFERS AB This paper addresses the effects of gaseous nitric acid (HNO3) and ozone (O-3), two important air pollutants, on six lichen species with different morphological, ecological, and biological characteristics. The treatment chambers were set up in a factorial design consisting of control chambers, chambers fumigated with HNO3, with O-3, and with HNO3 and O-3, together. Each species showed a different sensitivity to the fumigations, reflecting the physiological variation among species. Our results clearly indicate that HNO3 is a strong phytotoxin to many lichens, and that O-3 alone has little effect on the measured parameters. The combined fumigation effects of HNO3 and O-3 were not significantly different from HNO3 alone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Riddell, J.; Padgett, P. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Riddell, J.; Nash, T. H., III] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Padgett, PE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ppadgett@fs.fed.us FU Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship; Dissertation Completion Fellowship from Arizona State University's School of Life Sciences FX We would like to thank David Jones for assistance with laboratory analysis, Dr. Robert Heath for intellectual guidance, and Dr. Sarah Jovan for manuscript reviews. This research was supported through an Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship, and through a Dissertation Completion Fellowship from Arizona State University's School of Life Sciences. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 170 BP 202 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.014 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001HB UT WOS:000308450100025 PM 22832332 ER PT J AU Mendoza, F Lu, RF Cen, HY AF Mendoza, Fernando Lu, Renfu Cen, Haiyan TI Comparison and fusion of four nondestructive sensors for predicting apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apples; Firmness; Soluble solids content; Acoustic sensor; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Bioyield force; Hyperspectral scattering; Multi-sensor fusion ID HYPERSPECTRAL SCATTERING; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; QUALITY; SUGAR AB Four nondestructive technologies (i.e., acoustic firmness, bioyield firmness, visible and shortwave near infrared (Vis-SWNIR) spectroscopy, and spectral scattering) have been developed in recent years for assessing the firmness and/or soluble solids content (SSC) of apples. Each of these technologies has its merits and limitations in predicting the two quality parameters. With the concept of multi-sensor data fusion, different sensors would work synergistically and complementarily to improve the quality prediction of apples. In this research, the four sensing systems were evaluated and combined for nondestructive prediction of the firmness and SSC of 'Jonagold' (JG), 'Golden Delicious' (GD), and 'Delicious' (RD) apples. A total of 6535 apples harvested in 2009 and 2010 were used for analysis. Better predictions of the firmness and, in most cases, of the SSC were obtained using sensors fusion than using individual sensors, as measured by correlation coefficient and standard error of prediction (SEP). The SEPs for the firmness of JG. GD and RD using the best combination of two-sensor data were reduced by 13.5%, 20.0% and 7.3% for the 2009 data and 14.6%, 14.2% and 6.2% for the 2010 data: and using the best three or four fused sensor data by 19.1%, 24.9% and 13.9% in 2009. and 15.7%, 23.6%, and 8.9% in 2010, respectively. The combination of Vis-SWNIR and scattering data improved SSC predictions for RD apples, with the SEP values being reduced by 5.8% and 6.0% for 2009 and 2010, respectively. This research demonstrated that the fused systems provided more complete and complementary information and, thus, were more effective than individual sensors in prediction of apple quality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mendoza, Fernando; Lu, Renfu] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cen, Haiyan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mendoza, F (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, 105A-224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM fernando.mendoza@ars.usda.edu NR 24 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 73 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.05.012 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 996BQ UT WOS:000308059400013 ER PT J AU Taguas, EV Yuan, Y Bingner, RL Gomez, JA AF Taguas, E. V. Yuan, Y. Bingner, R. L. Gomez, J. A. TI Modeling the contribution of ephemeral gully erosion under different soil managements: A case study in an olive orchard microcatchment using the AnnAGNPS model SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Olive crop; Grass cover; Conventional tillage; AnnAGNPS; Ephemeral gullies; Microcatchment ID RUNOFF CURVE NUMBERS; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; LAND DEGRADATION; NO-TILLAGE; SPAIN; CATCHMENT; GROVES; YIELD; FLOW; PREDICTION AB A study was undertaken into the environmental and economic impacts of different soil management strategies. spontaneous grass cover with and without gully control (SC/SCGC) or conventional tillage with and without gully control (T/TGC), based on the experimental results obtained in an 6.1 ha olive crop microcatchment. Initially, 2 years of rainfall-runoff-sediment load data series, (34 events) recorded under the current management (SCGC), was used for the calibration of the AnnAGNPS model at event and monthly scales providing suitable adjustments of runoff, peak flow and sediment loads (E>70, r>0.85). Ephemeral gullies were also identified using aerial orthophotography and field work The module of the AnnAGNPS model for simulating ephemeral gully generation and the tillage operations based on a bibliographical review were used to compare different scenarios and to perform a 10 year-analysis. The results showed mean runoff coefficients of 10.0% for SC/SCGC and of 32% for T/TGC while the average sediment loads were 2.0 t*ha(-1)*year(-1) (SCGC), 3.5 t*ha(-1)*year(-1) (SC), 3.3 t*ha(-1)*year(-1) (TGC) and 4 t*ha(-1)*year(-1) (T). Significant differences in sediment sources (rill/inter-rill erosion and ephemeral gullies) were evaluated between SC (46% of gully contribution) and T (19% of gully contribution), in order to optimize the environmental and economic effort required in each case. Finally, the annual costs associated with soil losses were estimated (<1 sic*ha(-1)*year(-1)). SC was the most profitable alternative for soil management Despite the additional reduction in soil losses of the SCGC approach, the higher cost of its implementation and the minor effect on yield losses in the medium term suggest that without additional support (such as subsidies for gully control measures), farmers would have not an obvious incentive to use it. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Taguas, E. V.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Rural Engn, Cordoba, Spain. [Yuan, Y.] USEPA ORD, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Bingner, R. L.] USDA ARS NSL, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Gomez, J. A.] CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, Cordoba 14080, Spain. RP Taguas, EV (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Rural Engn, Apdo 3048, Cordoba, Spain. EM evtaguas@uco.es RI Gomez, Jose/F-5418-2011 OI Gomez, Jose/0000-0002-3457-8420 FU Andalusian Government [P08-AGR-03925]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGL2009-12936-C03-01]; RESEL (Spanish Ministry for Science and Environment); FEDER FX Part of this study was supported by Projects P08-AGR-03925 (Andalusian Government) and AGL2009-12936-C03-01 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation), RESEL (Spanish Ministry for Science and Environment) and by FEDER funds. This support is gratefully acknowledged. We are very grateful to Antonio Munoz, the owner of the farm who has allowed us to carry out all the surveys, to Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC) and Red Informacion Agroclimatica of Andalusian Government (Junta de Andalucia) which have provided the meteorological data, to Prof. J.C. Gonzalez-Hidalgo who has provided the monthly rainfall data series for Puente Genii and to Francisco Taguas who has provided the information and documentation about agricultural subsidies. The authors are grateful for the valuable inputs and suggestions provided by anonymous reviewers. Although this work was reviewed by USEPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 76 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD NOV PY 2012 VL 98 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2012.06.002 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 994IP UT WOS:000307924400001 ER PT J AU Nichols, MH McReynolds, K Reed, C AF Nichols, M. H. McReynolds, K. Reed, C. TI Short-term soil moisture response to low-tech erosion control structures in a semiarid rangeland SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Check dam; Alluvial fan; Grassland; Restoration; Landscape degradation ID CHECK DAMS; GULLY-CONTROL; CHANNELS; SPAIN; WATER AB Although rock check dams have been used for centuries to control erosion and support subsistence agriculture on western US rangelands, there is a lack of measured data to quantify their impact on soil moisture distribution. This study was conducted to measure and document soil moisture response to loose rock structures and wire bound rock structures in comparison with untreated control sites during the first rainfall season following construction. A field experiment was conducted on a degraded alluvial fan in southeastern Arizona where erosion control structures were built on three small ephemeral channels. Soil moisture was measured three times per week at depths ranging from 15 to 46 cm at six points on the upstream side of 5 loose rock structures, 5 wire bound structures, and at 5 untreated control sites throughout the 2006 summer monsoon season. Rainfall and runoff during 2006 were above average, and soil moisture was significantly higher through the channel bank soil profiles in proximity to loose rock and wire bound check dams than soil moisture measured at control sites. Erosion control structures are expected to increase local soil moisture in response to water impoundment. These results quantify this response and will be useful in designing rangeland restoration strategies that rely on soil moisture to improve vegetative cover. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nichols, M. H.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [McReynolds, K.] Univ Arizona Cooperat Extens, Willcox, AZ USA. [Reed, C.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nichols, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mary.nichols@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD NOV PY 2012 VL 98 BP 104 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2012.06.010 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 994IP UT WOS:000307924400011 ER PT J AU Kwak, YS Bonsall, RF Okubara, PA Paulitz, TC Thomashow, LS Weller, DM AF Kwak, Youn-Sig Bonsall, Robert F. Okubara, Patricia A. Paulitz, Timothy C. Thomashow, Linda S. Weller, David M. TI Factors impacting the activity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens against take-all of wheat SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici; Take-all decline; Biological control; Pseudomonas spp.; 2.4-DAPG; Q-TOF ID INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; PHENAZINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; RHIZOSPHERE COLONIZATION; TRICHODERMA-KONINGII; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB Take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is an important soilborne disease of wheat worldwide. Pseudomonas fluorescens producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) are biocontrol agents of take-all and provide natural suppression of the disease during wheat monoculture known as take-all decline. To identify factors that could contribute to the effectiveness of 2,4-DAPG producers in take-all suppression, P. fluorescens strains Q8r1-96 (genotype D) and Q2-87V1 (genotype B; reduced antibiotic production) were tested against three pathogen isolates differing in sensitivity to 2,4-DAPG (LD5, ARS-A1 and R3-111a-1) and two wheat cultivars (Tara and Buchanan). The antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogen and cultivar significantly affected the level of take-all suppression by Q8r1-96 and Q2-87V1; suppression was greatest with LD5 and Tara. Q8r1-96 suppressed ARS-A1 and R3-111a-1 on Tara but not Buchanan, and Q2-87V1 failed to suppress either pathogen isolate on either cultivar. Q8r1-96 colonized the rhizosphere of Tara and Buchanan grown in soil similarly, but 2,4-DAPG accumulation was higher on the roots of Buchanan than Tara. 2,4-DAPG at 7.5 mu g ml(-1) reduced the growth of roots of both cultivars, and 10 mu g ml(-1) caused brown necrosis and tissue collapse of seedling roots and reduced root hair development. The half-life of 2,4-DAPG in the rhizosphere was estimated to be 0.25 days. These results suggest that several interconnected factors including sensitivity of G. graminis var. tritici to 2,4-DAPG, wheat cultivar, fluctuations in populations of 2,4-DAPG producers, and antibiotics accumulation in the rhizosphere will impact the robustness of take-all suppression by P. fluorescens in the field. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Okubara, Patricia A.; Paulitz, Timothy C.; Thomashow, Linda S.; Weller, David M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kwak, Youn-Sig; Bonsall, Robert F.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, POB 646430,367 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wellerd@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 54 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.012 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 991GU UT WOS:000307690300006 ER PT J AU Uselman, SM Qualls, RG Lilienfein, J AF Uselman, Shauna M. Qualls, Robert G. Lilienfein, Juliane TI Quality of soluble organic C, N, and P produced by different types and species of litter: Root litter versus leaf litter SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Belowground dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality; Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fractionation; Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON); Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP); Freshly senesced fine root and leaf litter; Temperate forests ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FOREST FLOOR; FINE ROOTS; ECOSYSTEM CHRONOSEQUENCE; MATTER ACCRETION; COMMON GARDEN; MT. SHASTA; CARBON; SOIL; DECOMPOSITION AB In forested ecosystems, the quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) produced by freshly senesced litter may differ by litter type and species, and these differences may influence the amount of DOM that is respired versus that which may either contribute to soil organic matter accumulation or be leached from the ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the effect of litter type (including freshly senesced fine root, leaf, fine woody, and reproductive litter) and species (5 species of leaf litter) on several measures of the quality of DOM produced at a site along a primary successional chronosequence at Mt. Shasta, California. We measured differences in solid litter chemistry (C, N, and P concentration) and differences in the concentration of dissolved organic C, N. and P (DOC, DON, and DOP, respectively), water-soluble monomeric carbohydrates, polyphenols, proteins, fractions of DOC, as well as UV absorbance. For several aspects of DOC quality, DOM from fine roots was less labile than DOM from leaf litter. In contrast to DOC quality, soluble material originating from fine roots was high in labile forms of dissolved N and P in comparison to leaf litter. We also found that leaf litter with greater total %N or %P in solid litter had higher DON or DOP concentration (and higher total soluble P concentration). A very high percentage, on average 72% (up to 89%) of the total P in leaf litter was water-soluble and mostly inorganic P. Concentrations of soluble polyphenols were strongly related to DOC, and concentrations of soluble proteins were significantly related to DON in leaf litter of different species. During primary succession at the Mt. Shasta site, an increasing ratio of root to leaf litter production and shifting species composition has been found to occur, and the results of this study suggest that some aspects of DOC quality reflect a decrease in labile forms of DOC originating from both above and belowground litter. In contrast, dissolved N and P reflect an increase in labile forms with increasing inputs of root litter. In particular, our study has demonstrated important differences in the quality of inputs of DOM from freshly senesced root and leaf litter, and these differences have implications for C and nutrient cycling. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Uselman, Shauna M.] Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Nat Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Uselman, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM s.uselman@sbcglobal.net FU National Science Foundation Ecosystem Studies Grant; Graduate Student Association of the University of Nevada-Reno Merit Research Grant; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station; Soil Science Society of America; Nevada; Pacific Region; National Garden Clubs, Inc.; Nevada Women's Fund; USA Funds FX We would like to thank P. Van Susteren and the USFS McCloud Ranger Station. This research was funded by a National Science Foundation Ecosystem Studies Grant, Graduate Student Association of the University of Nevada-Reno Merit Research Grant, and in part by the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. Additional support was provided by the Soil Science Society of America, the Nevada, Pacific Region, and National Garden Clubs, Inc., the Nevada Women's Fund, and USA Funds to S.M.U. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for insightful suggestions for improving an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 9 U2 149 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 54 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.021 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 991GU UT WOS:000307690300007 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Stushnoff, C Walse, SS Zuber, T Yang, SI Pickering, IJ Freeman, JL AF Banuelos, Gary S. Stushnoff, Cecil Walse, Spencer S. Zuber, Tatiana Yang, Soo In Pickering, Ingrid J. Freeman, John L. TI Biofortified, selenium enriched, fruit and cladode from three Opuntia Cactus pear cultivars grown on agricultural drainage sediment for use in nutraceutical foods SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Opuntia Cactus pear; Nutraceutical; Mineral nutrients; Selenium; Vitamin C; Total phenolics; Antioxidant activity ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CANCER PREVENTION; VITAMIN-C; BROCCOLI; SPECIATION; PLANTS; SELENOMETHIONINE; SUPPLEMENTATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; PROLIFERATION AB Three different cultivars of drought, salt and boron (B) tolerant Opuntia ficus indica (Cactus pear) were grown in poor-quality agricultural drainage sediment high in salt, B and selenium (Se) that originated from the Westside San Joaquin Valley. Nutritional contents were then measured in these Cactus pear fruit (purple, red, or orange-coloured), and vegetative cladodes (modified stem-like leaves) compared to the same cultivars grown adjacent on a low saline sandy loam soil. After harvesting fruit and cladodes, the mineral nutrients, chemical speciation of Se, total phenolics, vitamin C and antioxidant status were analyzed. The results demonstrated positive nutritional changes in both cladodes and fruit within the Cactus pear cultivars when grown on agricultural drainage sediment compared to those grown on normal soil. Under these conditions Cactus pear plants contained nutraceutical qualities and represent a useful anticarcinogenic Se-enriched chemotherapeutic food crop for providing advanced dietary seleno-pharmacology in order to help fight human diseases. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Banuelos, Gary S.; Walse, Spencer S.; Freeman, John L.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Banuelos, Gary S.; Freeman, John L.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Ctr Irrigat Technol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Stushnoff, Cecil; Zuber, Tatiana] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Yang, Soo In; Pickering, Ingrid J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Freeman, John L.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM gary.banuelos@ars.usda.gov; johnfreeman@csufresno.edu RI Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013 FU CSU Fresno Agricultural Research Initiative; California Department of Water Resources; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CIHR-THRUST Fellowship; DOE; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Research Resources; Biomedical Technology Program [P41RR001209] FX We acknowledge and thank Irvin Arroyo and Annabel Rodriguez at the USDA-ARS in Parlier, CA USA for their help with ICPMS sample analysis and preparation. Opuntia ficus indica USDA No.248, 252 and 255 accessions were originally provided by the National Arid Land Plant Genetic Resources Unit and the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station located at the USDA-ARS in Parlier, CA, USA. Funding for this work was provided by CSU Fresno Agricultural Research Initiative and the California Department of Water Resources. Ingrid J. Pickering is a Canada Research Chair. Soo In Yang is funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant to LIP.) and by a CIHR-THRUST Fellowship. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program (P41RR001209). NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 135 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.021 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 971LO UT WOS:000306205600002 ER PT J AU Carmo-Silva, AE Gore, MA Andrade-Sanchez, P French, AN Hunsaker, DJ Salvucci, ME AF Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete Gore, Michael A. Andrade-Sanchez, Pedro French, Andrew N. Hunsaker, Doug J. Salvucci, Michael E. TI Decreased CO2 availability and inactivation of Rubisco limit photosynthesis in cotton plants under heat and drought stress in the field SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Carbon assimilation; Gossypium barbadense; Leaf temperature; Rubisco activation; Stress tolerance; Water deficit ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; PIMA COTTON; MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER-STRESS; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; LEAF TEMPERATURE; ACTIVASE; TOLERANCE AB Heat and drought stresses are often coincident and constitute major factors limiting global crop yields. A better understanding of plant responses to the combination of these stresses under production environments will facilitate efforts to improve yield and water use efficiencies in a climatically changing world. To evaluate photosynthetic performance under dry-hot conditions, four cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) cultivars, Monseratt Sea Island (MS), Pima 32 (P32), Pima S-6 (S6) and Pima S-7 (S7), were studied under well-watered (WW) and water-limited (WL) conditions at a field site in central Arizona. Differences in canopy temperature and leaf relative water content under WL conditions indicated that, of the four cultivars, MS was the most drought-sensitive and S6 the most drought-tolerant. Net CO2 assimilation rates (A) and stomatal conductances (gs) decreased and leaf temperatures increased in WL compared to WW plants of all cultivars, but MS exhibited the greatest changes. The response of A to the intercellular CO2 concentration (A-C-i) showed that, along with stomatal closure, non-stomatal factors associated with heat stress also limited A under WL conditions, especially in MS. The activation state of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) decreased in WL compared to WW plants, consistent with thermal inhibition of Rubisco activase activity. The extent of Rubisco deactivation could account for the metabolic limitation to photosynthesis in MS. Taken together, these data reveal the complex relationship between water availability and heat stress for field-grown cotton plants in a semi-arid environment. Both diffusive (drought-stress-induced) and biochemical (heat-stress-induced) limitations contributed to decreased photosynthetic performance under dry-hot conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete; Gore, Michael A.; French, Andrew N.; Hunsaker, Doug J.; Salvucci, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Andrade-Sanchez, Pedro] Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Carmo-Silva, AE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM elizabete.carmosilva@gmail.com; michael.gore@ars.usda.gov; pandrade@ag.arizona.edu; andrew.french@ars.usda.gov; doug.hunsaker@ars.usda.gov; mike.salvucci@ars.usda.gov RI Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/G-7437-2012; French, Andrew/M-4734-2014 OI Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/0000-0001-6059-9359; French, Andrew/0000-0002-4018-1817 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cotton Incorporated; University of Arizona FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cotton Incorporated, and the University of Arizona. The authors acknowledge the expert technical assistance of Chris Fanger, Kristen Harbour, Joel Gilley, Alexander E. Lipka, William Luckett (USDA-ARS) and John Heun (University of Arizona). NR 43 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 8 U2 107 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 EI 1873-7307 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 83 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.04.001 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965KU UT WOS:000305767500001 ER PT J AU Aslibekyan, S Goodarzi, MO Frazier-Wood, AC Yan, XF Irvin, MR Kim, E Tiwari, HK Guo, XQ Straka, RJ Taylor, KD Tsai, MY Hopkins, PN Korenman, SG Borecki, IB Chen, YDI Ordovas, JM Rotter, JI Arnett, DK AF Aslibekyan, Stella Goodarzi, Mark O. Frazier-Wood, Alexis C. Yan, Xiaofei Irvin, Marguerite R. Kim, Eric Tiwari, Hemant K. Guo, Xiuqing Straka, Robert J. Taylor, Kent D. Tsai, Michael Y. Hopkins, Paul N. Korenman, Stanley G. Borecki, Ingrid B. Chen, Yii-Der I. Ordovas, Jose M. Rotter, Jerome I. Arnett, Donna K. TI Variants Identified in a GWAS Meta-Analysis for Blood Lipids Are Associated with the Lipid Response to Fenofibrate SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTERYL ESTER TRANSFER; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; DIET NETWORK; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; LOWERING DRUGS; GENETICS; POLYMORPHISM; THERAPY; HDL; PHARMACOGENOMICS AB A recent large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide studies has identified 95 loci, 59 of them novel, as statistically significant predictors of blood lipid traits; we tested whether the same loci explain the observed heterogeneity in response to lipid-lowering therapy with fenofibrate. Using data from the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN, n = 861) we fit linear mixed models with the genetic markers as predictors and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations as outcomes. For all four traits, we analyzed both baseline levels and changes in response to treatment with fenofibrate. For the markers that were significantly associated with fenofibrate response, we fit additional models evaluating potential epistatic interactions. All models were adjusted for age, sex, and study center as fixed effects, and pedigree as a random effect. Statistically significant associations were observed between the rs964184 polymorphism near APOA1 (P-value <= 0.0001) and fenofibrate response for HDL and triglycerides. The association was replicated in the Pharmacogenetics of Hypertriglyceridemia in Hispanics study (HyperTG, n = 267). Suggestive associations with fenofibrate response were observed for markers in or near PDE3A, MOSC1, FLJ36070, CETP, the APOE-APOC1-APOC4-APOC2, and CILP2. Finally, we present strong evidence for epistasis (P-value for interaction = 0.0006 in GOLDN, 0.05 in HyperTG) between rs10401969 near CILP2 and rs4420638 in the APOE-APOC1-APOC4-APOC2 cluster with total cholesterol response to fenofibrate. In conclusion, we present evidence linking several novel and biologically relevant genetic polymorphisms to lipid lowering drug response, as well as suggesting novel gene-gene interactions in fenofibrate pharmacogenetics. C1 [Aslibekyan, Stella; Frazier-Wood, Alexis C.; Irvin, Marguerite R.; Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Frazier-Wood, Alexis C.; Tiwari, Hemant K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Goodarzi, Mark O.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Goodarzi, Mark O.; Yan, Xiaofei; Kim, Eric; Guo, Xiuqing; Taylor, Kent D.; Chen, Yii-Der I.; Rotter, Jerome I.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Inst Med Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Expt & Clin Pharmacol Dept, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Borecki, Ingrid B.] Washington Univ, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Hopkins, Paul N.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Korenman, Stanley G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Dept Epidemiol Atherothrombosis & Imaging, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Inst Madrilen Estudios Avanzados Alimentac, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Aslibekyan, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM saslibek@uab.edu RI Frazier-Wood, Alexis (Lekki)/B-8053-2010 OI Frazier-Wood, Alexis (Lekki)/0000-0001-7616-2119 FU NHLBI [U01HL072524, R01HL076771, UL1TR000124, P30-DK063491, U19HL069757]; Cedars-Sinai Winnick Clinical Scholars Award; Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors' Chair in Medical Genetics FX This work has been funded by the NHLBI grants U01HL072524, R01HL076771, UL1TR000124, P30-DK063491, and U19HL069757. Further support came from the Cedars-Sinai Winnick Clinical Scholars Award (MOG) and the Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors' Chair in Medical Genetics (JIR). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e48663 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048663 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 030WJ UT WOS:000310600500194 PM 23119086 ER PT J AU Mock, KE Callahan, CM Islam-Faridi, MN Shaw, JD Rai, HS Sanderson, SC Rowe, CA Ryel, RJ Madritch, MD Gardner, RS Wolf, PG AF Mock, Karen E. Callahan, Colin M. Islam-Faridi, M. Nurul Shaw, John D. Rai, Hardeep S. Sanderson, Stewart C. Rowe, Carol A. Ryel, Ronald J. Madritch, Michael D. Gardner, Richard S. Wolf, Paul G. TI Widespread Triploidy in Western North American Aspen (Populus tremuloides) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; FLOWERING PLANTS; CLONE SIZE; POLYPLOIDY; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; DIEBACK; CLIMATE; POPLAR AB We document high rates of triploidy in aspen (Populus tremuloides) across the western USA (up to 69% of genets), and ask whether the incidence of triploidy across the species range corresponds with latitude, glacial history (as has been documented in other species), climate, or regional variance in clone size. Using a combination of microsatellite genotyping, flow cytometry, and cytology, we demonstrate that triploidy is highest in unglaciated, drought-prone regions of North America, where the largest clone sizes have been reported for this species. While we cannot completely rule out a low incidence of undetected aneuploidy, tetraploidy or duplicated loci, our evidence suggests that these phenomena are unlikely to be significant contributors to our observed patterns. We suggest that the distribution of triploid aspen is due to a positive synergy between triploidy and ecological factors driving clonality. Although triploids are expected to have low fertility, they are hypothesized to be an evolutionary link to sexual tetraploidy. Thus, interactions between clonality and polyploidy may be a broadly important component of geographic speciation patterns in perennial plants. Further, cytotypes are expected to show physiological and structural differences which may influence susceptibility to ecological factors such as drought, and we suggest that cytotype may be a significant and previously overlooked factor in recent patterns of high aspen mortality in the southwestern portion of the species range. Finally, triploidy should be carefully considered as a source of variance in genomic and ecological studies of aspen, particularly in western U.S. landscapes. C1 [Mock, Karen E.; Callahan, Colin M.; Rai, Hardeep S.; Rowe, Carol A.; Ryel, Ronald J.; Gardner, Richard S.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Islam-Faridi, M. Nurul] Texas A&M Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet,Forest Tree Mol Cytogenet La, College Stn, TX USA. [Shaw, John D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT USA. [Sanderson, Stewart C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT USA. [Madritch, Michael D.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Wolf, Paul G.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mock, KE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.mock@usu.edu RI Mock , Karen/C-1418-2011; Wolf, Paul/F-7664-2010 OI Wolf, Paul/0000-0002-4317-6976 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Inventory and Analysis Program; NASA Biodiversity Program; USDA National Research Initiative; USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; Utah State University (USU) Cedar Mountain Initiative; USU ADVANCE program FX The authors thank the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, NASA Biodiversity Program, USDA National Research Initiative, USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University (USU) Cedar Mountain Initiative, and USU ADVANCE program, and for financial support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 15 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e48406 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048406 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 030WJ UT WOS:000310600500126 PM 23119006 ER PT J AU Suo, YJ Huang, YY Liu, YH Shi, CL Shi, XM AF Suo, Yujuan Huang, Yanyan Liu, Yanhong Shi, Chunlei Shi, Xianming TI The Expression of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and a Putative ABC Transporter Permease Is Inversely Correlated during Biofilm Formation in Listeria monocytogenes 4b G SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE STRESS-RESPONSE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; RESISTANCE; CIPROFLOXACIN; TEMPERATURE; VIRULENCE; PATTERNS; ADHESION; GROWTH AB Little is known about the molecular basis of biofilm formation in Listeria monocytogenes. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the deletion mutant of lm.G_1771 gene, which encodes for a putative ABC transporter permease, is highly expressed in biofilm. In this study, the sod gene deletion mutant Delta sod, and double deletion mutant of the sod and lm.G_1771 genes Delta 1771 Delta sod were used to investigate the role of SOD and its relationship to the expression of the putative ABC transporter permease in biofilm formation. Our results showed that the ability to form a biofilm was significantly reduced in the Delta sod mutant and the Delta 1771 Delta sod double mutant. Both Delta sod and Delta 1771 Delta sod mutants exhibited slow growth phenotypes and produced more reactive oxygen species (ROS). The growth was inhibited in the mutants by methyl viologen (MV, internal oxygen radical generator) treatment. In addition, the expression of one oxidation resistance gene (kat), two stress regulators encoding genes (perR and sigB), and one DNA repair gene (recA) were analyzed in both the wild-type L. monocytogenes 4b G and the deletion mutants by RT-qPCR. The expression levels of the four genes were increased in the deletion mutants when biofilms were formed. Taken together, our data indicated that SOD played an important role in biofilm formation through coping with the oxidant burden in deficient antioxidant defenses. C1 [Suo, Yujuan; Huang, Yanyan; Shi, Chunlei; Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, MOST USDA Joint Res Ctr Food Safety, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Suo, Yujuan; Huang, Yanyan; Shi, Chunlei; Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Bor Luh Food Safety Ctr, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yanhong] ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Shi, XM (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, MOST USDA Joint Res Ctr Food Safety, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM xmshi@sjtu.edu.cn RI Shi, Chunlei/A-6428-2013 OI Shi, Chunlei/0000-0002-5847-7122 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31171690, 30972485, U1031003]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2012AA101601, 2012BAK17B10, 2011DFA31220]; General Administration for Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China [20111K147] FX National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 31171690, 30972485, U1031003) (http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/); Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant No. 2012AA101601, 2012BAK17B10 and 2011DFA31220) (http://www.most.gov.cn/); General Administration for Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China (No. 20111K147) (http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/). The funders have no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 36 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e48467 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048467 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 030WJ UT WOS:000310600500147 PM 23119031 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Johnson, ET Price, NP AF Dowd, Patrick F. Johnson, Eric T. Price, Neil P. TI Enhanced Pest Resistance of Maize Leaves Expressing Monocot Crop Plant-Derived Ribosome-Inactivating Protein and Agglutinin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ribosome-inactivating protein; insect resistance; agglutinin; Helicoverpa; Spodoptera ID LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; INSECT RESISTANCE; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; TOXICITY; SYSTEM; GENE AB Although many insect resistance genes have been identified, the number of studies examining their effects in combination using transgenic systems is limited. This study introduced a construct into maize containing the coding sequence for maize ribosome-inactivating protein (MRIP) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Many transformants produced both the MRIP and WGA in leaves. Mature leaves expressing higher levels of these two proteins were more resistant to feeding by first-instar larvae of fall armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda) and corn earworms (Helicoverpa zea), and the level of resistance was correlated with levels of MRIP and WGA. There was also some indication that resistance to Fusarium verticillioides was increased in the transgenic plant leaves. No statistically significant synergism or antagonism occurred between the activities of the two proteins. MRIP and WGA represent compatible class examples of food plant-derived proteins for multigene resistance to insects. C1 [Dowd, Patrick F.; Johnson, Eric T.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Price, Neil P.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM patrick.dowd@ars.usda.gov OI Johnson, Eric/0000-0002-1665-6229 FU CRIS [3620-42000-040-00D] FX This study was supported by CRIS Project 3620-42000-040-00D base funds. The mention of firm names or trade products in this paper does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 43 BP 10768 EP 10775 DI 10.1021/jf3041337 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 029GQ UT WOS:000310483200007 PM 23078237 ER PT J AU Constanza, KE White, BL Davis, JP Sanders, TH Dean, LL AF Constanza, Karen E. White, Brittany L. Davis, Jack P. Sanders, Timothy H. Dean, Lisa L. TI Value-Added Processing of Peanut Skins: Antioxidant Capacity, Total Phenolics, and Procyanidin Content of Spray-Dried Extracts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; peanut skins; antioxidants; phenolic compounds; procyanidins; spray-drying ID CRANBERRY POMACE; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; ENCAPSULATION; POLYPHENOLS; RATS; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; FOODS; DIET AB To explore a potential use for peanut skins as a functional food ingredient, milled skins were extracted with 70% ethanol and filtered to remove insoluble material; the soluble extract was spray-dried with or without the addition of maltodextrin. Peanut skin extracts had high levels of procyanidin oligomers (DP2-DP4) but low levels of monomeric flavan-3-ols and polymers. The addition of maltodextrin during spray-drying resulted in the formation of unknown polymeric compounds. Spray-drying also increased the proportion of flavan-3-ols and DP2 procyanidins in the extracts while decreasing larger procyanidins. Spray-dried powders had higher antioxidant capacity and total phenolics and increased solubility compared to milled skins. These data suggest that spray-dried peanut skin extracts may be a good source of natural antioxidants. Additionally, the insoluble material produced during the process may have increased value for use in animal feed due to enrichment of protein and removal of phenolic compounds during extraction. C1 [Constanza, Karen E.; Dean, Lisa L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [White, Brittany L.; Davis, Jack P.; Sanders, Timothy H.; Dean, Lisa L.] ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dean, LL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, 236D Schaub Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lisa.dean@ars.usda.gov RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 43 BP 10776 EP 10783 DI 10.1021/jf3035258 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 029GQ UT WOS:000310483200008 PM 23050560 ER PT J AU Bergdale, TE Pinkelman, RJ Hughes, SR Zambelli, B Ciurli, S Bang, SS AF Bergdale, Terran E. Pinkelman, Rebecca J. Hughes, Stephen R. Zambelli, Barbara Ciurli, Stefano Bang, Sookie S. TI Engineered biosealant strains producing inorganic and organic biopolymers SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urease; Microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP); Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS); Recombinant biosealant strain ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS; BACILLUS-PASTEURII; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METAL-BINDING; CALCITE PRECIPITATION; UREASE ACTIVITY; ALGINATE; GENES; CLONING; MATRIX AB Microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) is a naturally occurring biological process that has shown its potential in remediation of a wide range of structural damages including concrete cracks. In this study, genetically engineered microorganisms, capable of producing extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) as well as inducing MICCP, were developed based on the assumption that the complex of inorganic CaCO3 and organic EPS would provide a stronger matrix than MICCP alone as biosealant. In order to develop a recombinant biosealant microorganism, the entire Sporosarcina pasteurii urease gene sequences including ureA, ureB, ureC, ureD, ureE, ureF, and ureG from plasmid pBU11 were sub-cloned into the shuttle vector, pUCP18. The newly constructed plasmid, pUBU1, was transformed into two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, 8821 and PAO1, to develop recombinants capable of inducing calcite precipitation in addition to their own ability to produce EPS. Nickel-dependent urease activities were expressed from the recombinant P. aeruginosa 8821 (pUBU1) and P. aeruginosa PAO1 (pUBU1), at 99.4% and 60.9% of the S. pasteurii urease activity, respectively, in a medium containing 2 mM NiCl2. No urease activities were detected from the wild type P. aeruginosa 8821 and P. aeruginosa PAO1 under the same growth conditions. Recombinant Pseudomonas strains induced CaCO3 precipitation at a comparable rate as S. pasteurii and scanning electron microscopy evidenced the complex of CaCO3 crystals and EPS layers surrounding the cells. The engineered strains produced in this study are expected to serve as a valuable reference to future biosealants that could be applied in the environment. However, the pathogenic potential of P. aeruginosa, used here only as a model system to show the proof of principle, prevents the use of this recombinant organism as a biosealant. In practical applications, other recombinant organisms should be used. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zambelli, Barbara; Ciurli, Stefano] Univ Bologna, Lab Bioinorgan Chem, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Bergdale, Terran E.; Pinkelman, Rebecca J.; Bang, Sookie S.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Hughes, Stephen R.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Ciurli, Stefano] Univ Florence, Magnet Resonance Ctr CERM, I-50121 Florence, Italy. RP Ciurli, S (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Lab Bioinorgan Chem, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, Via Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM stefano.ciurli@unibo.it RI Ciurli, Stefano/K-4355-2014 OI Ciurli, Stefano/0000-0001-9557-926X FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMS-0301312, 15509] FX This research is supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant CMS-0301312 and selected as NSF highlight project no. 15509 in 2009. The authors greatly appreciate Dr. Edward Duke at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology for assisting in SEM and EDS analyses and Dr. Cynthia Anderson at Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, for her guidance in RT-PCR experiments. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 161 IS 3 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.001 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 999ZE UT WOS:000308354100001 PM 22789480 ER PT J AU Miller, LC Fleming, D Arbogast, A Bayles, DO Guo, BQ Lager, KM Henningson, JN Schlink, SN Yang, HC Faaberg, KS Kehrli, ME AF Miller, Laura C. Fleming, Damarius Arbogast, Andrew Bayles, Darrell O. Guo, Baoqing Lager, Kelly M. Henningson, Jamie N. Schlink, Sarah N. Yang, Han-Chun Faaberg, Kay S. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. TI Analysis of the swine tracheobronchial lymph node transcriptomic response to infection with a Chinese highly pathogenic strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-DISEASE; LELYSTAD VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; PRRSV; PIGS; GENE; OUTBREAKS AB Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major pathogen of swine worldwide. Emergence in 2006 of a novel highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) isolate in China necessitated a comparative investigation into the host transcriptome response in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN) 13 days post-infection with HP-PRRSV rJXwn06, PRRSV strain VR-2332 or sham inocula. RNA from each was prepared for next-generation sequencing. Amplified library constructs were directly sequenced and a list of sequence transcripts and counts was generated using an RNAseq analysis pipeline to determine differential gene expression. Transcripts were annotated and relative abundance was calculated based upon the number of times a given transcript was represented in the library. Results: Major changes in transcript abundance occurred in response to infection with either PRRSV strain, each with over 630 differentially expressed transcripts. The largest increase in transcript level for either virus versus sham-inoculated controls were three serum amyloid A2 acute-phase isoforms. However, the degree of up or down-regulation of transcripts following infection with HP-PRRSV rJXwn06 was greater than transcript changes observed with US PRRSV VR-2332. Also, of 632 significantly altered transcripts within the HP-PRRSV rJXwn06 library 55 were up-regulated and 69 were down-regulated more than 3-fold, whilst in the US PRRSV VR-2332 library only 4 transcripts were up-regulated and 116 were down-regulated more than 3-fold. Conclusions: The magnitude of differentially expressed gene profiles detected in HP-PRRSV rJXwn06 infected pigs as compared to VR-2332 infected pigs was consistent with the increased pathogenicity of the HP-PRRSV in vivo. C1 [Miller, Laura C.; Lager, Kelly M.; Henningson, Jamie N.; Schlink, Sarah N.; Faaberg, Kay S.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Fleming, Damarius] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Arbogast, Andrew] Iowa State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bayles, Darrell O.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Yang, Han-Chun] China Agr Univ, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. RP Miller, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM laura.miller@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 8 AR 208 DI 10.1186/1746-6148-8-208 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 052UV UT WOS:000312224900001 PM 23110781 ER PT J AU Verocai, GG Lejeune, M Beckmen, KB Kashivakura, CK Veitch, AM Popko, RA Fuentealba, C Hoberg, EP Kutz, SJ AF Verocai, Guilherme G. Lejeune, Manigandan Beckmen, Kimberlee B. Kashivakura, Cyntia K. Veitch, Alasdair M. Popko, Richard A. Fuentealba, Carmen Hoberg, Eric P. Kutz, Susan J. TI Defining parasite biodiversity at high latitudes of North America: new host and geographic records for Onchocerca cervipedis (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in moose and caribou SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Alces; Caribou; Legworm; North America; Onchocerca cervipedis; Moose; Rangifer; Subarctic; Vector-borne diseases ID N-SP; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEER; FILARIOIDEA; POPULATION; TARSICOLA; REINDEER; FLEXUOSA; FINLAND; CANADA AB Background: Onchocerca cervipedis is a filarioid nematode of cervids reported from Central America to boreal regions of North America. It is found primarily in subcutaneous tissues of the legs, and is more commonly known as 'legworm'. Blackflies are intermediate hosts and transmit larvae to ungulates when they blood-feed. In this article we report the first records of O. cervipedis from high latitudes of North America and its occurrence in previously unrecognized host subspecies including the Yukon-Alaska moose (Alces americanus gigas) and the Grant's caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti). Methods: We examined the subcutaneous connective tissues of the metacarpi and/or metatarsi of 34 moose and one caribou for parasitic lesions. Samples were collected from animals killed by subsistence hunters or animals found dead in the Northwest Territories (NT), Canada and Alaska (AK), USA from 2005 to 2012. Genomic DNA lysate was prepared from nematode fragments collected from two moose. The nd5 region of the mitochondrial DNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Results: Subcutaneous nodules were found in 12 moose from the NT and AK, and one caribou from AK. Nematodes dissected from the lesions were identified as Onchocerca cervipedis based on morphology of female and male specimens. Histopathological findings in moose included cavitating lesions with multifocal granulomatous cellulitis containing intralesional microfilariae and adults, often necrotic and partially mineralized. Lesions in the caribou included periosteitis with chronic cellulitis, eosinophilic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and abundant granulation associated with intralesional adult nematodes and larvae. Sequences of the nd5 region (471bp), the first generated for this species, were deposited with Genbank (JN580791 and JN580792). Representative voucher specimens were deposited in the archives of the United States National Parasite Collection. Conclusions: The geographic range of O. cervipedis is broader than previously thought, and extends into subarctic regions of western North America, at least to latitude 66 degrees N. The host range is now recognized to include two additional subspecies: the Yukon-Alaska moose and Grant's caribou. Accelerated climate change at high latitudes may affect vector dynamics, and consequently the abundance and distribution of O. cervipedis in moose and caribou. Disease outbreaks and mortality events associated with climatic perturbations have been reported for other filarioids, such as Setaria tundra in Fennoscandia, and may become an emerging issue for O. cervipedis in subarctic North America. C1 [Verocai, Guilherme G.; Kashivakura, Cyntia K.; Fuentealba, Carmen; Kutz, Susan J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Lejeune, Manigandan; Kutz, Susan J.] Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Beckmen, Kimberlee B.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Veitch, Alasdair M.; Popko, Richard A.] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Norman Wells, NT, Canada. [Hoberg, Eric P.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Verocai, GG (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. EM gui.verocai@ucalgary.ca FU Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary; NSERC Canada International Polar Year Funding; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP); Sahtu Renewable Resources Board FX This study was supported by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary (U of C), and NSERC Canada International Polar Year Funding, the NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP), and the Sahtu Renewable Resources Board. The authors are thankful to Doug Currie from the Royal Ontario Museum for his contributions regarding Simuliidae fauna of northern Canada and Alaska. We thank Nathan Pamperin (Alaska Department of Fish and Game) for producing the map; and Kathy Burek Huntington (Alaska Veterinary Pathology Services) for the report on histopathology of caribou; Patricia Pillitt and Art Abrams from the USNPC, USDA, for helping with specimen deposition at USNPC; and Jesse Invik, Marianne Vervest, and Ioana Custelcean for assisting with leg dissections at U of C. We thank Dr. Alessandro Massolo (U of C), for contribution to study design for sampling of moose harvested in subsistence hunts. We thank the Fort Good Hope Renewable Resource Council, participants of the Fort Good Hope community hunt in September 2009, and hunters of the Sahtu Settlement Area, NT for collaborating with sample and data collection. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 47 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 5 AR 242 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-5-242 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 043SX UT WOS:000311569700002 PM 23110962 ER PT J AU Cilia, M Peter, KA Bereman, MS Howe, K Fish, T Smith, D Gildow, F MacCoss, MJ Thannhauser, TW Gray, SM AF Cilia, Michelle Peter, Kari A. Bereman, Michael S. Howe, Kevin Fish, Tara Smith, Dawn Gildow, Fredrick MacCoss, Michael J. Thannhauser, Theodore W. Gray, Stewart M. TI Discovery and Targeted LC-MS/MS of Purified Polerovirus Reveals Differences in the Virus-Host Interactome Associated with Altered Aphid Transmission SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BARLEY YELLOW DWARF; THAUMATIN-LIKE PROTEINS; BEAN MOSAIC-VIRUS; BUSHY STUNT VIRUS; TO-CELL MOVEMENT; LUTEOVIRUS TRANSMISSION; READTHROUGH PROTEIN; DISULFIDE BONDS; COAT PROTEIN; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM AB Circulative transmission of viruses in the Luteoviridae, such as cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV), requires a series of precisely orchestrated interactions between virus, plant, and aphid proteins. Natural selection has favored these viruses to be retained in the phloem to facilitate acquisition and transmission by aphids. We show that treatment of infected oat tissue homogenate with sodium sulfite reduces transmission of the purified virus by aphids. Transmission electron microscopy data indicated no gross change in virion morphology due to treatments. However, treated virions were not acquired by aphids through the hindgut epithelial cells and were not transmitted when injected directly into the hemocoel. Analysis of virus preparations using nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry revealed a number of host plant proteins co-purifying with viruses, some of which were lost following sodium sulfite treatment. Using targeted mass spectrometry, we show data suggesting that several of the virus-associated host plant proteins accumulated to higher levels in aphids that were fed on CYDV-infected plants compared to healthy plants. We propose two hypotheses to explain these observations, and these are not mutually exclusive: (a) that sodium sulfite treatment disrupts critical virion-host protein interactions required for aphid transmission, or (b) that host infection with CYDV modulates phloem protein expression in a way that is favorable for virus uptake by aphids. Importantly, the genes coding for the plant proteins associated with virus may be examined as targets in breeding cereal crops for new modes of virus resistance that disrupt phloem-virus or aphid-irus interactions. C1 [Cilia, Michelle; Howe, Kevin; Fish, Tara; Thannhauser, Theodore W.; Gray, Stewart M.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. [Cilia, Michelle; Smith, Dawn; Gray, Stewart M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Peter, Kari A.; Gildow, Fredrick] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bereman, Michael S.; MacCoss, Michael J.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cilia, M (reprint author), ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. EM mlc68@cornell.edu; smg3@cornell.edu FU USDA NRI Grant [2007-04567]; NSF BREAD Grant [IOS-1109989]; NIH Grant [P41 GM103533] FX USDA NRI Grant 2007-04567, NSF BREAD Grant IOS-1109989, and NIH Grant P41 GM103533. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 93 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e48177 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048177 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 032HJ UT WOS:000310705600027 PM 23118947 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ AF Massman, W. J. TI Modeling soil heating and moisture transport under extreme conditions: Forest fires and slash pile burns SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRANULAR POROUS-MEDIA; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VAPOR MOVEMENTS; SURFACE FIRE; WATER; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; GAS; EQUATIONS; TENSION AB Heating any soil during a sufficiently intense wildfire or prescribed burn can alter it irreversibly, causing many significant, long-term biological, chemical, and hydrological effects. Given the climate-change-driven increasing probability of wildfires and the increasing use of prescribed burns by land managers, it is important to better understand the dynamics of the coupled heat and moisture transport in soil during these extreme heating events. Furthermore, improved understanding and modeling of heat and mass transport during extreme conditions should provide insights into the associated transport mechanisms under more normal conditions. The present study describes a numerical model developed to simulate soil heat and moisture transport during fires where the surface heating often ranges between 10,000 and 100,000 W m(-2) for several minutes to several hours. Basically, the model extends methods commonly used to model coupled heat flow and moisture evaporation at ambient conditions into regions of extreme dryness and heat. But it also incorporates some infrequently used formulations for temperature dependencies of the soil specific heat, thermal conductivity, and the water retention curve, as well as advective effects due to the large changes in volume that occur when liquid water is rapidly volatilized. Model performance is tested against laboratory measurements of soil temperature and moisture changes at several depths during controlled heating events. Qualitatively, the model agrees with the laboratory observations, namely, it simulates an increase in soil moisture ahead of the drying front (due to the condensation of evaporated soil water at the front) and a hiatus in the soil temperature rise during the strongly evaporative stage of the soil drying. Nevertheless, it is shown that the model is incapable of producing a physically realistic solution because it does not (and, in fact, cannot) represent the relationship between soil water potential and soil moisture at extremely low soil moisture contents (i. e., residual or bound water: theta < 0.01 m(3) m(-3), for example). Diagnosing the model's performance yields important insights into how to make progress on modeling soil evaporation and heating under conditions of high temperatures and very low soil moisture content. C1 USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM wmassman@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W10548 DI 10.1029/2011WR011710 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 032DW UT WOS:000310693600002 ER PT J AU Stern, AJ Doraiswamy, PC Hunt, ER AF Stern, Alan J. Doraiswamy, Paul C. Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. TI Changes of crop rotation in Iowa determined from the United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service cropland data layer product SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE land-use change; land-cover classification; agriculture; corn; biofuels; ethanol production; economics; Conservation Reserve Program ID TIME-SERIES; MODIS DATA; LAND-USE; DYNAMICS; CLASSIFICATION; PATTERNS; CARBON; MARKET; AREAS; MODEL AB Crop rotation is one of the important decisions made independently by numerous farm managers, and is a critical variable in models of crop growth and soil carbon. In Iowa and much of the Midwestern United States (US), the typical management decision is to rotate corn and soybean crops for a single field; therefore, the land-cover changes each year even though the total area of agricultural land-use remains the same. The price for corn increased from 2001 to 2010, which increased corn production in Iowa. We tested the hypothesis that the production increase was the result of changes in crop rotation in Iowa using the annual remote sensing classification (the cropland data layer) produced by the United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. It was found that the area planted in corn increased from 4.7 million hectares in 2001 to 5.7 million hectares in 2007, which was correlated with the market price for corn. At the county level, there were differences in how the increase in corn production was accomplished. Northern and central counties had little land to expand cultivation and generally increased corn production by converting to a corn-corn rotation from the standard corn-soybean rotation. Southern counties in Iowa increased corn production by expanding into land that was not under recent cultivation. These changes affect the amount of soil carbon sequestration. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063590] C1 [Stern, Alan J.; Doraiswamy, Paul C.; Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stern, AJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,Room 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Alan.J.Stern@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063590 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063590 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 032GJ UT WOS:000310701800003 ER PT J AU Kuang, YL Paulson, KE Lichtenstein, AH Lamon-Fava, S AF Kuang, Yu-Lin Paulson, K. Eric Lichtenstein, Alice H. Lamon-Fava, Stefania TI Regulation of the expression of key genes involved in HDL metabolism by unsaturated fatty acids SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Fatty acids; HDL; ApoA-I; ATP-binding cassette A1; HepG2 ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; LECITHIN-CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR B1; PHOSPHOLIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; CASSETTE TRANSPORTER A1; LIVER-X-RECEPTOR; FISH-OIL; APOA-I; DESTABILIZE ABCA1 AB The cardioprotective effects of HDL have been largely attributed to their role in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, whose efficiency is affected by many proteins involved in the formation and remodelling of HDL. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects, and possible mechanisms of action, of unsaturated fatty acids on the expression of genes involved in HDL metabolism in HepG2 cells. The mRNA concentration of target genes was assessed by real-time PCR. Protein concentrations were determined by Western blot or immuno-assays. PPAR and liver X receptor (LXR) activities were assessed in transfection experiments. Compared with the SFA palmitic acid (PA), the PUFA arachidonic acid (AA), EPA and DHA significantly decreased apoA-I, ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and phospholipid transfer protein mRNA levels. EPA and DHA significantly lowered the protein concentration of apoA-I and LCAT in the media, as well as the cellular ABCA1 protein content. In addition, DHA repressed the apoA-I promoter activity. AA lowered only the protein concentration of LCAT in the media. The activity of PPAR was increased by DHA, while the activity of LXR was lowered by both DHA and AA, relative to PA. The regulation of these transcription factors by PUFA may explain some of the PUFA effects on gene expression. The observed n-3 PUFA-mediated changes in gene expression are predicted to reduce the rate of HDL particle formation and maturation. C1 [Kuang, Yu-Lin; Lamon-Fava, Stefania] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Paulson, K. Eric] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM stefania.lamon-fava@tufts.edu FU National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35200-17207]; Unilever Health Institute FX The authors thank Dr Kilgore for providing the 3xPPRE-TK-pGL3 plasmid construct and Dr Mangelsdorf for the kind gift of the TK-LXREx3-LUC plasmid construct. This study was supported by the National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (grant 2006-35200-17207). Y.-L. K. was supported by the Unilever Health Institute. Y.-L. K. and S. L.-F. designed the overall research project; Y.-L. K. conducted the research and analysed the data; Y.-L. K., K. E. P., A. H. L. and S. L.-F. contributed to the data interpretation; Y.-L. K. wrote the initial draft of the manuscript, which was modified after feedback from all co-authors. Y.-L. K. and S. L.-F. had primary responsibility for the final content. The authors report that they have no conflicts of interest. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD OCT 28 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 8 BP 1351 EP 1359 DI 10.1017/S0007114511006854 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 023EI UT WOS:000310015300004 PM 22221450 ER PT J AU May, CL Lisle, TE AF May, Christine L. Lisle, Thomas E. TI River profile controls on channel morphology, debris flow disturbance, and the spatial extent of salmonids in steep mountain streams SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; ROCK-UPLIFT; DRAINAGE BASINS; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; LONGITUDINAL PROFILES; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PROCESS DOMAINS; TRADE-OFFS AB In the geologically and topographically diverse mountain ranges of the Pacific Northwest, a broad-scale means of prioritizing salmonid habitat conservation areas based on geomorphic process domains is examined. We propose that steepness and concavity indices derived from the relation between drainage area and channel slope provide a means of identifying basins that express different reach-scale morphologies, fish habitat capacity, and risk of episodic disturbance. Strongly concave river profiles that develop in mountainous terrain indicate that almost all of the relief in the drainage network occurs in headwater streams. In these basins a large proportion of the channel network has low-gradient morphologies, which provide favorable habitat for many salmonid species. The severity of pulse disturbances is also reduced because low-gradient main stem channels inhibit debris flow conveyance, and in these networks the distribution of fish can expand into tributaries, allowing for a spatial spreading of risk. In contrast, rivers with poorly concave or steeper profiles have a greater abundance of high gradient reaches that limit the distribution of fish to a small portion of the channel network and facilitate debris flow-passage. The combined influence of a limited spatial distribution of fish and an increased risk of debris flows may cause populations in these basins to be less resilient to pulse disturbances. A case example from the Klamath Mountains, an area with broad variation in the steepness and concavity of river profiles, was used to develop this approach and aid conservation planning for imperiled populations of anadromous salmonids. C1 [May, Christine L.] James Madison Univ, Dept Biol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Lisle, Thomas E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA USA. RP May, CL (reprint author), James Madison Univ, Dept Biol, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. EM maycl@jmu.edu FU Pacific Southwest Region of the U.S. Forest Service, in conjunction with the Klamath National Forest FX We offer sincere thanks to Dan Miller and NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center for providing the digital channel networks. The Pacific Southwest Region of the U.S. Forest Service, in conjunction with the Klamath National Forest, provided partial funding for this study. Many thoughtful discussions with William Dietrich enhanced this study, and comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript were greatly appreciated. Dino Bellugi at U.C. Berkeley, along with Ian Pryor and Kojo Assasi provided GIS assistance. Bonnie Pryor developed the automated algorithm used to calculate steepness and concavity. Three anonymous reviewers, along with two editors, provided many helpful comments that greatly improved the revised manuscript. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD OCT 27 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F00A03 DI 10.1029/2011JF002324 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027HI UT WOS:000310342700002 ER PT J AU Lin, AHM Lee, BH Nichols, BL Quezada-Calvillo, R Rose, DR Naim, HY Hamaker, BR AF Lin, Amy Hui-Mei Lee, Byung-Hoo Nichols, Buford L. Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto Rose, David R. Naim, Hassan Y. Hamaker, Bruce R. TI Starch Source Influences Dietary Glucose Generation at the Mucosal alpha-Glucosidase Level SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL MALTASE-GLUCOAMYLASE; SUBSTRATE BRAKE; CHAIN-LENGTH; SPECIFICITY; INHIBITION; DIGESTION; SUBUNIT AB The quality of starch digestion, related to the rate and extent of release of dietary glucose, is associated with glycemia-related problems such as diabetes and other metabolic syndrome conditions. Here, we found that the rate of glucose generation from starch is unexpectedly associated with mucosal alpha-glucosidases and not just alpha-amylase. This understanding could lead to a new approach to regulate the glycemic response and glucose-related physiologic responses in the human body. There are six digestive enzymes for starch: salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases and four mucosal alpha-glucosidases, including N- and C-terminal subunits of both maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase. Only the mucosal alpha-glucosidases provide the final hydrolytic activities to produce substantial free glucose. We report here the unique and shared roles of the individual alpha-glucosidases for alpha-glucans persisting after starch is extensively hydrolyzed by alpha-amylase (to produce alpha-limit dextrins (alpha-LDx)). All four alpha-glucosidases share digestion of linear regions of alpha-LDx, and three can hydrolyze branched fractions. The alpha-LDx, which were derived from different maize cultivars, were not all equally digested, revealing that the starch source influences glucose generation at the mucosal alpha-glucosidase level. We further discovered a fraction of alpha-LDx that was resistant to the extensive digestion by the mucosal alpha-glucosidases. Our study further challenges the conventional view that alpha-amylase is the only rate-determining enzyme involved in starch digestion and better defines the roles of individual and collective mucosal alpha-glucosidases. Strategies to control the rate of glucogenesis at the mucosal level could lead to regulation of the glycemic response and improved glucose management in the human body. C1 [Lin, Amy Hui-Mei; Lee, Byung-Hoo; Hamaker, Bruce R.] Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lin, Amy Hui-Mei; Lee, Byung-Hoo; Hamaker, Bruce R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nichols, Buford L.; Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Nichols, Buford L.; Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rose, David R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Naim, Hassan Y.] Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Physiol Chem, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. RP Lin, AHM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, 745 Agr Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM amylin@purdue.edu; hamakerb@purdue.edu FU Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research; United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) [6250-51000-052]; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario [NA-6305]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP 111237]; National Institutes of Health [DK58338] FX This work was supported by the Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and in part by United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Grant 6250-51000-052, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario Grant NA-6305, and Canadian Institutes of Health Research Grant MOP 111237. Part of this work was carried by at the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (supported by National Institutes of Health Grant DK58338). NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 26 PY 2012 VL 287 IS 44 BP 36917 EP 36921 DI 10.1074/jbc.M112.378331 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 030RT UT WOS:000310588500028 PM 22988246 ER PT J AU Molano, A Huang, ZF Marko, MG Azzi, A Wu, DY Wang, E Kelly, SL Merrill, AH Bunnell, SC Meydani, SN AF Molano, Alberto Huang, Zhaofeng Marko, Melissa G. Azzi, Angelo Wu, Dayong Wang, Elaine Kelly, Samuel L. Merrill, Alfred H., Jr. Bunnell, Stephen C. Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Age-Dependent Changes in the Sphingolipid Composition of Mouse CD4(+) T Cell Membranes and Immune Synapses Implicate Glucosylceramides in Age-Related T Cell Dysfunction SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; CERAMIDE; SPHINGOSINE; ACCUMULATION; ASSOCIATION; INHIBITION; LONGEVITY; SYNTHASE AB To determine whether changes in sphingolipid composition are associated with age-related immune dysfunction, we analyzed the core sphingolipidome (i.e., all of the metabolites through the first headgroup additions) of young and aged CD4(+) T cells. Since sphingolipids influence the biophysical properties of membranes, we evaluated the compositions of immune synapse (IS) and non-IS fractions prepared by magnetic immuno-isolation. Broadly, increased amounts of sphingomyelins, dihydrosphingomyelins and ceramides were found in aged CD4(+) T cells. After normalizing for total sphingolipid content, a statistically significant decrease in the molar fraction of glucosylceramides was evident in both the non-IS and IS fractions of aged T cells. This change was balanced by less dramatic increases in the molar fractions of sphingomyelins and dihydrosphingomyelins in aged CD4(+) T cells. In vitro, the direct or enzymatic enhancement of ceramide levels decreased CD4(+) T cell proliferation without regard for the age of the responding T cells. In contrast, the in vitro inhibition of glucosylceramidase preferentially increased the proliferation of aged CD4(+) T cells. These results suggest that reductions in glucosylceramide abundance contribute to age-related impairments in CD4(+) T cell function. C1 [Bunnell, Stephen C.; Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Dept Pathol, Sackler Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Molano, Alberto; Huang, Zhaofeng; Marko, Melissa G.; Azzi, Angelo; Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wang, Elaine; Kelly, Samuel L.; Merrill, Alfred H., Jr.] Georgia Inst Technol, Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Bunnell, SC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Pathol, Sackler Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM stephen.bunnell@tufts.edu; simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [58-1950-7-707]; National Institute on Aging (NIA) [R21-AG030931, R01-AG009140-14]; LIPID MAPS Consortium [GM069338] FX This work was funded by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) contract number 58-1950-7-707, National Institute on Aging (NIA) R21-AG030931, R01-AG009140-14, and LIPID MAPS Consortium grant GM069338. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 26 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47650 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047650 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 026GL UT WOS:000310262500016 PM 23110086 ER PT J AU Qin, L Guo, YX Chen, LY Liang, RK Gu, MA Xu, GH Zhao, J Walk, T Liao, H AF Qin, Lu Guo, Yongxiang Chen, Liyu Liang, Ruikang Gu, Mian Xu, Guohua Zhao, Jing Walk, Thomas Liao, Hong TI Functional Characterization of 14 Pht1 Family Genes in Yeast and Their Expressions in Response to Nutrient Starvation in Soybean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER GENE; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; KINETIC-PROPERTIES; GLYCINE-MAX; PLANT; PHOSPHORUS; RICE; PATTERNS; ROOTS AB Background: Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth and development. Phosphate (Pi) transporter genes in the Pht1 family play important roles in Pi uptake and translocation in plants. Although Pht1 family genes have been well studied in model plants, little is known about their functions in soybean, an important legume crop worldwide. Principal Findings: We identified and isolated a complete set of 14 Pi transporter genes (GmPT1-14) in the soybean genome and categorized them into two subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. Then, an experiment to elucidate Pi transport activity of the GmPTs was carried out using a yeast mutant defective in high-affinity Pi transport. Results showed that 12 of the 14 GmPTs were able to complement Pi uptake of the yeast mutant with Km values ranging from 25.7 to 116.3 mu M, demonstrating that most of the GmPTs are high-affinity Pi transporters. Further results from qRT-PCR showed that the expressions of the 14 GmPTs differed not only in response to P availability in different tissues, but also to other nutrient stresses, including N, K and Fe deficiency, suggesting that besides functioning in Pi uptake and translocation, GmPTs might be involved in synergistic regulation of mineral nutrient homeostasis in soybean. Conclusions: The comprehensive analysis of Pi transporter function in yeast and expression responses to nutrition starvation of Pht1 family genes in soybean revealed their involvement in other nutrient homeostasis besides P, which could help to better understand the regulation network among ion homeostasis in plants. C1 [Qin, Lu; Guo, Yongxiang; Chen, Liyu; Liang, Ruikang; Zhao, Jing; Liao, Hong] S China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Root Biol Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Gu, Mian; Xu, Guohua] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Walk, Thomas] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. RP Zhao, J (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Root Biol Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM jzhao@scau.edu.cn RI xu, guohua/J-1840-2012 OI xu, guohua/0000-0002-3283-2392 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30890131]; National Key Basic Research Special Funds of China [2011CB100301] FX This work was jointly supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30890131) and National Key Basic Research Special Funds of China (2011CB100301). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 57 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47726 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047726 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 026GE UT WOS:000310261800014 PM 23133521 ER PT J AU Nan, YC Wang, R Shen, MY Faaberg, KS Samal, SK Zhang, YJ AF Nan, Yuchen Wang, Rong Shen, Meiyan Faaberg, Kay S. Samal, Siba K. Zhang, Yan-Jin TI Induction of type I interferons by a novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolate SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Interferon induction; Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV); IFN; IFN signaling ID MORPHOLINO OLIGOMERS; INFECTIOUS CLONE; REPLICATION; VACCINE; PRRSV; CELLS; VITRO; PIGS; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY AB Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is known to interfere with the signaling of type I interferons (IFNs). Here we found PRRSV A2MC2 induced type I IFNs in cultured cells. A2MC2 replication in MARC-145 cells resulted in the synthesis of IFN-alpha 2 protein, transcript elevation of the IFN-stimulated genes ISG15 and ISG56, and the proteins of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) and ISG56. A2MC2 infection of primary porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) also led to the elevation of the two proteins, but had little cytopathic effect. Furthermore, A2MC2 infection of MARC-145 or PAM cells had no detectable inhibitory effect on the ability of IFN-alpha to induce an antiviral response. Sequencing analysis indicated that A2MC2 was closely related to VR-2332 and Ingelvac PRRS MLV with an identity of 99.8% at the nucleotide level. The identification of this IFN-inducing PRRSV isolate may be beneficial for vaccine development against PRRS. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nan, Yuchen; Wang, Rong; Shen, Meiyan; Zhang, Yan-Jin] Univ Maryland, Mol Virol Lab, VA MD Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nan, Yuchen; Wang, Rong; Shen, Meiyan; Samal, Siba K.; Zhang, Yan-Jin] Univ Maryland, Maryland Pathogen Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Samal, Siba K.] Univ Maryland, Virol Lab, VA MD Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Faaberg, Kay S.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Zhang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Mol Virol Lab, VA MD Reg Coll Vet Med, 8075 Greenmead Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zhangyj@umd.edu RI Nan, Yuchen/F-9917-2014 OI Nan, Yuchen/0000-0002-4442-8004 FU China Scholarship Council; Shandong Bureau of Education, China; National Pork Board, USA FX We are grateful to Dr. Joseph F. Urban at Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, Beltsville, MD for his gift of the lung lavage of piglets. We thank Sa Xiao at University of Maryland, College Park, MD for his advice and discussion in sequencing of A2MC2 cDNA. Y. Nan and R. Wang were partially supported by China Scholarship Council. M. Shen was partially supported by Shandong Bureau of Education, China. This project was supported by National Pork Board, USA. NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 432 IS 2 BP 261 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2012.05.015 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 996UZ UT WOS:000308121600003 PM 22704065 ER PT J AU Kenar, JA Felker, FC Fanta, GF AF Kenar, James A. Felker, Frederick C. Fanta, George F. TI Aqueous carbon black dispersions prepared with steam-jet-cooked corn starch SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon black; dispersions; polysaccharides; renewable resources; TEM ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; NANOPARTICLES FREE; WATER INTERFACE; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; ADSORPTION; COOKING; FILMS; ENCAPSULATION; POLYETHYLENE; FLOCCULATION AB The utilization of jet-cooked waxy and normal corn starch to prepare aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic carbon black (CB; Vulcan XC-72R) is reported. Blending into aqueous jet-cooked dispersions of starch followed by high-pressure homogenization produced stable aqueous CB dispersions. The dispersed CB particles were shown to have starch adsorbed onto their particle surfaces. The adsorbed starch imparted hydrophilic properties to the CB, and after extensive washing to remove dissolved and loosely bound starch, the CB particles remained well dispersed in water. Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, acid and enzymic starch digestion experiments, and microscopy (light and transmission electron microscopy) were used to characterize the starch-coated CB particles. The method described herein demonstrates a simple, effective, and environmentally friendly method for preparing aqueous CB dispersions. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 C1 [Kenar, James A.; Felker, Frederick C.; Fanta, George F.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Res Utilizat, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kenar, JA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Res Utilizat, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jim.kenar@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471] FX The authors thank Jeanette Little for performing the starch assays and Wacek Swiech for assistance with TEM. TEM was carried out in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Facilities, University of Illinois, which are partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 126 SU 1 SI SI BP E418 EP E429 DI 10.1002/app.36645 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 973ZE UT WOS:000306398600051 ER PT J AU Li, WL Coffin, DR Jin, TZ Latona, N Liu, CK Liu, B Zhang, JW Liu, LS AF Li, Weili Coffin, David R. Jin, Tony Z. Latona, Nicolas Liu, Cheng-Kung Liu, Bo Zhang, Jinwen Liu, LinShu TI Biodegradable composites from polyester and sugar beet pulp with antimicrobial coating for food packaging SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodegradable; biopolymers; drug delivery systems; composites; extrusion ID POLY(LACTIC ACID); ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; FILMS; NISIN; PRESERVATION; TECHNOLOGIES; MEMBRANES; QUALITY; LEATHER; PECTIN AB Totally biodegradable, double-layered antimicrobial composite films were introduced for food packaging. The substrate layers of the sheets were prepared from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and sugar beet pulp (SBP) or poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) and SBP by a twin-screw extruder. The active layer consisting of antimicrobial in either PLA or chitosan was formed on the surfaces of the substrates by solution coating followed by solvent evaporation. Air-coupled ultrasonic evaluation and microscopic examination showed a homogeneous structure for the composite sheets. Mechanical analysis and acoustic emission demonstrated the double-layered composites possessing appropriate tensile strength and fracture characteristics for the use as light weight-bearing materials. The release of Nisaplin (R) or allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) effectively suppressed the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella cells, respectively; the co-release of Nisaplin (R) and AIT played a synergistic effect on inhibition of L. monocytogenes. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 C1 [Li, Weili; Coffin, David R.; Jin, Tony Z.; Latona, Nicolas; Liu, Cheng-Kung; Liu, LinShu] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Li, Weili] Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Food Engn & Biotechnol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Food Nutr & Safety, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Liu, Bo; Zhang, Jinwen] Washington State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Liu, Bo; Zhang, Jinwen] Washington State Univ, Composite Mat & Engn Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Linshu.liu@ars.usda.gov RI Tsiotra, Irini/G-6086-2012; Liu, Bo/A-9425-2010; Zhang, Jinwen/G-8674-2014; OI Liu, Bo/0000-0003-4561-1051; Zhang, Jinwen/0000-0001-8828-114X; Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 126 SU 1 SI SI BP E361 EP E372 DI 10.1002/app.36885 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 973ZE UT WOS:000306398600045 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Lydon, J Koskinen, WC Moorman, TB Chaney, RL Hammerschmidt, R AF Duke, Stephen O. Lydon, John Koskinen, William C. Moorman, Thomas B. Chaney, Rufus L. Hammerschmidt, Raymond TI Glyphosate Effects on Plant Mineral Nutrition, Crop Rhizosphere Microbiota, and Plant Disease in Glyphosate-Resistant Crops SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE glyphosate; glyphosate-resistant crop; corn; cotton; soybean; maize; plant disease; mineral nutrition ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; MICHIGANENSIS SUBSP NEBRASKENSIS; SUDDEN-DEATH-SYNDROME; SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; CORN ZEA-MAYS; DANISH SURFACE SOILS; GOSSS BACTERIAL WILT; F SP GLYCINEA; HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE AB Claims have been made recently that glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops sometimes have mineral deficiencies and increased plant disease. This review evaluates the literature that is germane to these claims. Our conclusions are (1) although there is conflicting literature on the effects of glyphosate on mineral nutrition on GR crops, most of the literature indicates that mineral nutrition in GR crops is not affected by either the GR trait or by application of glyphosate; (2) most of the available data support the view that neither the GR transgenes nor glyphosate use in GR crops increases crop disease; and (3) yield data on GR crops do not support the hypotheses that there are substantive mineral nutrition or disease problems that are specific to GR crops. C1 [Duke, Stephen O.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Lydon, John] GWCC BLTSVL, Off Natl Programs Crop Prod & Protect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Koskinen, William C.] Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Moorman, Thomas B.] Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chaney, Rufus L.] Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hammerschmidt, Raymond] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM stephen.duke@ars.usda.gov NR 231 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 117 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 24 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 42 BP 10375 EP 10397 DI 10.1021/jf302436u PG 23 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024IX UT WOS:000310104000001 PM 23013354 ER PT J AU Nakano, H Schrader, KK Mamonov, LK Kustova, TS Mursaliyeva, VK Cantrell, CL AF Nakano, Hiroshi Schrader, Kevin K. Mamonov, Leonid K. Kustova, Tatyana S. Mursaliyeva, Valentina K. Cantrell, Charles L. TI Isolation and Identification of Flavobacterium columnare and Streptococcus iniae Antibacterial Compounds from the Terrestrial Plant Atraphaxis laetevirens SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anthraquinones; antibacterial activity; Atraphaxis laetevirens; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Flavobacterium columnare; Streptococcus iniae ID ECHINOPS-TRANSILIENSIS; CHANNEL CATFISH; CONSTITUENTS; THIOPHENES; PATHOGENS; BIOASSAY; TILAPIA; L. AB Columnaris disease, enteric septicemia of catfish, and streptococcosis are common bacterial diseases of certain freshwater fish and are caused by Flavobacterium columnare, Edwardsiella ictaluri, and Streptococcus iniae, respectively. During the process of evaluating several species of plants to isolate and identify compounds with toxicity against these bacteria, a promising extract from the aerial parts of the terrestrial plant Atraphaxis laetevirens (Ledeb.) Jaub. et Spach (Polygonaceae Juss.) was selected for bioassay-guided fractionation using a rapid microplate bioassay. The active dichloromethane extract was subjected to liquid liquid partitioning, and active fractions were further separated by normal-phase column chromatography and normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nepodin (3) and emodin (4) were isolated from two fractions with strong toxicities against S. iniae. A chloroform fraction was further separated by normal-phase column chromatography to yield two active fractions against F. columnare, and these fractions contained chrysophanol (1), physcion (2), and nepodin (3). Compound 1 had strong activity, and compound 3 had moderate activity against F. columnare, while compounds 2 and 4 were not toxic at the concentrations tested. C1 [Nakano, Hiroshi; Schrader, Kevin K.; Cantrell, Charles L.] ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. [Nakano, Hiroshi] NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agr Res Ctr, Fukuoka 8330041, Japan. [Nakano, Hiroshi] NARO Inst Crop Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. [Mamonov, Leonid K.; Kustova, Tatyana S.; Mursaliyeva, Valentina K.] Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Alma Ata 05040, Kazakhstan. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kevin.schrader@ars.usda.gov RI Valentina, Mursalieva/M-6612-2015 FU International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) [K1896] FX Financial support in part from the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) Project K1896 is greatly appreciated. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 24 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 42 BP 10415 EP 10419 DI 10.1021/jf304155n PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024IX UT WOS:000310104000004 PM 23030835 ER PT J AU Hester, SE Lui, MH Nicholson, T Nowacki, D Harvill, ET AF Hester, Sara E. Lui, Minghsun Nicholson, Tracy Nowacki, Daryl Harvill, Eric T. TI Identification of a CO2 Responsive Regulon in Bordetella SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ADENYLATE-CYCLASE TOXIN; BVG-INTERMEDIATE PHASE; VIRULENCE GENE-EXPRESSION; III SECRETION SYSTEM; TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL; TRACHEAL COLONIZATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; RNA-POLYMERASE; PERTUSSIS; BRONCHISEPTICA AB Sensing the environment allows pathogenic bacteria to coordinately regulate gene expression to maximize survival within or outside of a host. Here we show that Bordetella species regulate virulence factor expression in response to carbon dioxide levels that mimic in vivo conditions within the respiratory tract. We found strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica that did not produce adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) when grown in liquid or solid media with ambient air aeration, but produced ACT and additional antigens when grown in air supplemented to 5% CO2. Transcriptome analysis and quantitative real time-PCR analysis revealed that strain 761, as well as strain RB50, increased transcription of genes encoding ACT, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin, fimbriae and the type III secretion system in 5% CO2 conditions, relative to ambient air. Furthermore, transcription of cyaA and fhaB in response to 5% CO2 was increased even in the absence of BvgS. In vitro analysis also revealed increases in cytotoxicity and adherence when strains were grown in 5% CO2. The human pathogens B. pertussis and B. parapertussis also increased transcription of several virulence factors when grown in 5% CO2, indicating that this response is conserved among the classical bordetellae. Together, our data indicate that Bordetella species can sense and respond to physiologically relevant changes in CO2 concentrations by regulating virulence factors important for colonization, persistence and evasion of the host immune response. C1 [Hester, Sara E.; Nowacki, Daryl; Harvill, Eric T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hester, Sara E.; Nowacki, Daryl] Penn State Univ, Grad Program Biochem Microbiol & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lui, Minghsun] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Nicholson, Tracy] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Harvill, ET (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM harvill@psu.edu FU National Institutes of Health grant [GM083113]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65110-20488] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant GM083113 (to ETH) and by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program Grant no. 2010-65110-20488 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 24 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47635 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047635 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 026VC UT WOS:000310310200061 PM 23112828 ER PT J AU Morin, E Kohler, A Baker, AR Foulongne-Oriol, M Lombard, V Nagy, LG Ohm, RA Patyshakuliyeva, A Brun, A Aerts, AL Bailey, AM Billette, C Coutinho, PM Deakin, G Doddapaneni, H Floudas, D Grimwood, J Hilden, K Kues, U LaButti, KM Lapidus, A Lindquist, EA Lucas, SM Murat, C Riley, RW Salamov, AA Schmutz, J Subramanian, V Wosteng, HAB Xu, JP Eastwood, DC Foster, GD Sonnenberg, ASM Cullen, D de Vries, RP Lundell, T Hibbett, DS Henrissat, B Burton, KS Kerrigan, RW Challen, MP Grigoriev, IV Martin, F AF Morin, Emmanuelle Kohler, Annegret Baker, Adam R. Foulongne-Oriol, Marie Lombard, Vincent Nagy, Laszlo G. Ohm, Robin A. Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina Brun, Annick Aerts, Andrea L. Bailey, Andrew M. Billette, Christophe Coutinho, Pedro M. Deakin, Greg Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan Floudas, Dimitrios Grimwood, Jane Hilden, Kristiina Kuees, Ursula LaButti, Kurt M. Lapidus, Alla Lindquist, Erika A. Lucas, Susan M. Murat, Claude Riley, Robert W. Salamov, Asaf A. Schmutz, Jeremy Subramanian, Venkataramanan Wosteng, Han A. B. Xu, Jianping Eastwood, Daniel C. Foster, Gary D. Sonnenberg, Anton S. M. Cullen, Dan de Vries, Ronald P. Lundell, Taina Hibbett, David S. Henrissat, Bernard Burton, Kerry S. j Kerrigan, Richard W. Challen, Michael P. Grigoriev, Igor V. Martin, Francis TI Genome sequence of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveals mechanisms governing adaptation to a humic-rich ecological niche SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate-active enzymes; humic substances; litter decay; wood decay fungi ID CULTIVATED MUSHROOM; COPRINUS-CINEREUS; SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; COPRINOPSIS-CINEREA; FUNGI; GENE; DECOMPOSITION; CHROMOSOMES; DEGRADATION; SUBSTANCES AB Agaricusbisporus is the model fungus for the adaptation, persistence, and growth in the humic-rich leaf-litter environment. Aside from its ecological role, A. bisporus has been an important component of the human diet for over 200 y and worldwide cultivation of the "button mushroom" forms a multibillion dollar industry. We present two A. bisporus genomes, their gene repertoires and transcript profiles on compost and during mushroom formation. The genomes encode a full repertoire of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes similar to that of wood-decayers. Comparative transcriptomics of mycelium grown on defined medium, casing-soil, and compost revealed genes encoding enzymes involved in xylan, cellulose, pectin, and protein degradation are more highly expressed in compost. The striking expansion of heme-thiolate peroxidases and beta-etherases is distinctive from Agaricomycotina wood-decayers and suggests a broad attack on decaying lignin and related metabolites found in humic acid-rich environment. Similarly, up-regulation of these genes together with a lignolytic manganese peroxidase, multiple copper radical oxidases, and cytochrome P450s is consistent with challenges posed by complex humic-rich substrates. The gene repertoire and expression of hydrolytic enzymes in A. bisporus is substantially different from the taxonomically related ectomycorrhizal symbiont Laccaria bicolor. A common promoter motif was also identified in genes very highly expressed in humic-rich substrates. These observations reveal genetic and enzymatic mechanisms governing adaptation to the humic-rich ecological niche formed during plant degradation, further defining the critical role such fungi contribute to soil structure and carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Genome sequence will expedite mushroom breeding for improved agronomic characteristics. C1 [Ohm, Robin A.; Aerts, Andrea L.; LaButti, Kurt M.; Lapidus, Alla; Lindquist, Erika A.; Lucas, Susan M.; Riley, Robert W.; Salamov, Asaf A.; Grigoriev, Igor V.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Morin, Emmanuelle; Kohler, Annegret; Brun, Annick; Murat, Claude; Martin, Francis] Univ Henri Poincare, Unite Mixte Rech 1136, Inst Natl Rech Agron, F-54280 Champenoux, France. [Baker, Adam R.] Univ Warwick, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, Warwick, England. [Foulongne-Oriol, Marie; Billette, Christophe] Inst Natl Rech Agron, Mycol & Securite Aliments UR1264, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Lombard, Vincent; Coutinho, Pedro M.; Henrissat, Bernard] Aix Marseille Univ, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Unite Mixte Rech 7257, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. [Nagy, Laszlo G.; Floudas, Dimitrios; Hibbett, David S.] Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Ohm, Robin A.; Wosteng, Han A. B.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Microbiol, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. [Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina; de Vries, Ronald P.] Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bailey, Andrew M.; Foster, Gary D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England. [Deakin, Greg; Burton, Kerry S. j] E Malling Res, E Malling ME19 6BJ, Kent, England. [Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan] Univ Iowa, Carver Ctr Genom, Dept Biol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Grimwood, Jane; Schmutz, Jeremy] US DOE, Hudson Alpha Inst, Joint Genome Inst, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Hilden, Kristiina; Lundell, Taina] Univ Helsinki, Dept Food & Environm Sci, Div Microbiol, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Kuees, Ursula] Univ Gottingen, Busgen Inst, Dept Mol Wood Biotechnol & Tech Mycol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Subramanian, Venkataramanan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Xu, Jianping] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Eastwood, Daniel C.] Univ Swansea, Coll Sci, Dept Biosci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Sonnenberg, Anton S. M.] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Cullen, Dan] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kerrigan, Richard W.] Sylvan Biosci, Kittanning, PA 16201 USA. [Challen, Michael P.] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. RP Grigoriev, IV (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM ivgrigoriev@lbl.gov; fmartin@nancy.inra.fr RI Schmutz, Jeremy/N-3173-2013; de Vries, Ronald/F-8125-2011; Hilden, Kristiina/B-7766-2009; Ohm, Robin/I-6689-2016; Lundell, Taina/P-6623-2016; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; Foster, Gary/A-7985-2011 OI Bailey, Andy/0000-0002-7594-3703; Kues, Ursula/0000-0001-9180-4079; Schmutz, Jeremy/0000-0001-8062-9172; de Vries, Ronald/0000-0002-4363-1123; Hilden, Kristiina/0000-0002-0126-8186; Lundell, Taina/0000-0003-3899-1658; Eastwood, Daniel/0000-0002-7015-0739; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institute of Agricultural Research; Region Lorraine Council; Horticultural Development Company, United Kingdom FX We thank W. W. Lilly, J. L. Lavin, J. J. Mes, J. A. Oguiza, V. Garcia-Tagua, S. Bastian, L. Elbourne, W. Gao, E. Battaglia, B. Gruben, M. Nadal, J. van den Brink, R. Finkers, and A. D. Wiebenga for the annotation of genomic features not presented in this article and their technical assistance. The work conducted by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was also supported by grants from the National Institute of Agricultural Research and the Region Lorraine Council (to F. M.); and Horticultural Development Company, United Kingdom grants for Agaricus bisporus custom array development and transcriptomics. NR 40 TC 101 Z9 112 U1 10 U2 118 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 23 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 43 BP 17501 EP 17506 DI 10.1073/pnas.1206847109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 038AO UT WOS:000311147800043 PM 23045686 ER PT J AU McConnell, TH DiBenedetto, JN AF McConnell, Thomas H. DiBenedetto, Joseph N. TI Geology of the Early Arikareean Sharps Formation on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and Surrounding Areas of South Dakota and Nebraska SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Based on geologic mapping, measured sections, and lithologic correlations, the local features of the upper and lower type areas of the Early Arikareean (30.8-20.6 million years ago) Sharps Formation are revised and correlated. The Sharps Formation above the basal Rockyford Member is divided into two members of distinct lithotypes. The upper 233 feet of massive siltstones and sandy siltstones is named the Gooseneck Road Member. The middle member, 161 feet of eolian volcaniclastic siltstones with fluvially reworked volcaniclastic lenses and sandy siltstone sheets, is named the Wolff Camp Member. An ashey zone at the base of the Sharps Formation is described and defined as the Rockyford Ash Zone (RAZ) in the same stratigraphic position as the Nonpareil Ash Zone (NPAZ) in Nebraska. Widespread marker beds of fresh water limestones at 130 feet above the base of the Sharps Formation and a widespread reddish-brown clayey siltstone at 165 feet above the base of the Sharps Formation are described. The Brown Siltstone Beds of Nebraska are shown to be a southern correlative of the Wolff Camp Member and the Rockyford Member of the Sharps Formation. Early attempts to correlate strata in the Great Plains were slow in developing. Recognition of the implications of the paleomagnetic and lithologic correlations of this paper will provide an added datum assisting researchers in future biostratigraphic studies. Based on similar lithologies, the Sharps Formation, currently assigned to the Arikaree Group, should be reassigned to the White River Group. C1 [McConnell, Thomas H.; DiBenedetto, Joseph N.] United States Forest Serv, Price, UT USA. RP McConnell, TH (reprint author), United States Forest Serv, Price, UT USA. EM thm2086@yahoo.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 23 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47759 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047759 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 025MO UT WOS:000310193600025 PM 23110098 ER PT J AU Lanzone, MJ Miller, TA Turk, P Brandes, D Halverson, C Maisonneuve, C Tremblay, J Cooper, J O'Malley, K Brooks, RP Katzner, T AF Lanzone, Michael J. Miller, Tricia A. Turk, Philip Brandes, David Halverson, Casey Maisonneuve, Charles Tremblay, Junior Cooper, Jeff O'Malley, Kieran Brooks, Robert P. Katzner, Todd TI Flight responses by a migratory soaring raptor to changing meteorological conditions SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE movement ecology; flight behaviour; migration; flight response; high-resolution GPS-GSM telemetry ID MOVEMENT ECOLOGY; MIGRANTS; THERMALS; BEHAVIOR; BIRDS AB Soaring birds that undertake long-distance migration should develop strategies to minimize the energetic costs of endurance flight. This is relevant because condition upon completion of migration has direct consequences for fecundity, fitness and thus, demography. Therefore, strong evolutionary pressures are expected for energy minimization tactics linked to weather and topography. Importantly, the minute-by-minute mechanisms birds use to subsidize migration in variable weather are largely unknown, in large part because of the technological limitations in studying detailed long-distance bird flight. Here, we show golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) migratory response to changing meteorological conditions as monitored by high-resolution telemetry. In contrast to expectations, responses to meteorological variability were stereotyped across the 10 individuals studied. Eagles reacted to increased wind speed by using more orographic lift and less thermal lift. Concomitantly, as use of thermals decreased, variation in flight speed and altitude also decreased. These results demonstrate how soaring migrant birds can minimize energetic expenditures, they show the context for avian decisions and choices of specific instantaneous flight mechanisms and they have important implications for design of bird-friendly wind energy. C1 [Lanzone, Michael J.; Halverson, Casey; Katzner, Todd] Cellular Tracking Technol LLC, Somerset, PA USA. [Miller, Tricia A.; Turk, Philip; Katzner, Todd] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Brandes, David] Lafayette Coll, Easton, PA 18042 USA. [Maisonneuve, Charles; Tremblay, Junior] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Cooper, Jeff] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Richmond, VA USA. [O'Malley, Kieran] W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Romney, WV USA. [Miller, Tricia A.; Brooks, Robert P.] Penn State Univ, Riparia, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Katzner, Todd] US Forest Serv, Timber & Watershed Lab, USDA, Parsons, WV USA. RP Lanzone, MJ (reprint author), Cellular Tracking Technol LLC, Somerset, PA USA. EM mlanzone@gmail.com OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU PASWG [T-12, T47-R-1]; USDoE [DE-EE0003538] FX Funding was received from PASWG (grants nos. T-12, T47-R-1) USDoE (grant no. DE-EE0003538) and author's organizations. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 76 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5 BP 710 EP 713 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0359 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 005ZP UT WOS:000308789200007 PM 22593085 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Bunce, JA Shimono, H Gealy, DR Baker, JT Newton, PCD Reynolds, MP Jagadish, KSV Zhu, CW Howden, M Wilson, LT AF Ziska, Lewis H. Bunce, James A. Shimono, Hiroyuki Gealy, David R. Baker, Jeffrey T. Newton, Paul C. D. Reynolds, Matthew P. Jagadish, Krishna S. V. Zhu, Chunwu Howden, Mark Wilson, Lloyd T. TI Food security and climate change: on the potential to adapt global crop production by active selection to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE adaptation; breeding; climate change; carbon dioxide; food security ID SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; SEED YIELD; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; FIELD CONDITIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; DOUBLED CO2; RICE; RESPONSES AB Agricultural production is under increasing pressure by global anthropogenic changes, including rising population, diversion of cereals to biofuels, increased protein demands and climatic extremes. Because of the immediate and dynamic nature of these changes, adaptation measures are urgently needed to ensure both the stability and continued increase of the global food supply. Although potential adaption options often consider regional or sectoral variations of existing riskmanagement (e.g. earlier planting dates, choice of crop), there may be a global-centric strategy for increasing productivity. In spite of the recognition that atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is an essential plant resource that has increased globally by approximately 25 per cent since 1959, efforts to increase the biological conversion of atmospheric CO2 to stimulate seed yield through crop selection is not generally recognized as an effective adaptation measure. In this review, we challenge that viewpoint through an assessment of existing studies on CO2 and intraspecific variability to illustrate the potential biological basis for differential plant response among crop lines and demonstrate that while technical hurdles remain, active selection and breeding for CO2 responsiveness among cereal varieties may provide one of the simplest and direct strategies for increasing global yields and maintaining food security with anthropogenic change. C1 [Ziska, Lewis H.; Bunce, James A.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shimono, Hiroyuki] Iwate Univ, Fac Agr, Morioka, Iwate 020, Japan. [Gealy, David R.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Baker, Jeffrey T.] USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. [Newton, Paul C. D.] AgResearch, Land & Environm Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Reynolds, Matthew P.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Texcoco 06600, Mexico. [Jagadish, Krishna S. V.] Int Rice Res Inst, Crop & Environm Sci Div, Manila, Philippines. [Zhu, Chunwu] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Howden, Mark] CSIRO Climate Adaptat Flagship, Adapt Primary Ind & Enterprises, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Wilson, Lloyd T.] Texas A&M Univ, Agrilife Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov RI Howden, Stuart/C-1138-2008; Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011; OI Howden, Stuart/0000-0002-0386-9671; Reynolds, Matthew Paul/0000-0002-4291-4316 NR 71 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 10 U2 155 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 22 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1745 BP 4097 EP 4105 DI 10.1098/rspb.2012.1005 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 005JZ UT WOS:000308748000001 PM 22874755 ER PT J AU White, JW Kimball, BA Wall, GW Ottman, MJ AF White, Jeffrey W. Kimball, Bruce A. Wall, Gerard W. Ottman, Michael J. TI Cardinal temperatures for wheat leaf appearance as assessed from varied sowing dates and infrared warming SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Global warming; Infrared warming; Leaf number; Wheat ID SPRING WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; HEATER ARRAYS; FIELD PLOTS; GROWTH; PHYLLOCHRON; RATES; PERFORMANCE; INITIATION; EMERGENCE AB Accurate data on crop responses to temperature are essential for predicting the potential impacts of climate extremes. Air temperature can be precisely regulated in controlled environment chambers, but chambers seldom provide realistic radiation, photoperiod, wind and humidity regimes, which raise concerns as to whether responses quantified in such environments accurately reflect field performance. Field experiments employing sowing date (SD) and artificial warming treatments can provide a wide range of temperature regimes under otherwise natural field conditions. We analyzed temperature effects on main stem leaf appearance for the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Yecora Rojo using 15 sowing dates at Maricopa, AZ, USA. Six dates included infrared-based temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) warming treatments. Mean air temperatures over the 15 periods of measurement varied from 11.6 to 33.2 C. Our objective was to characterize the effect of temperature on leaf number, emphasizing air temperatures above 20 degrees C, a value often cited optimal for wheat development. An underlying concern was how different shapes of temperature responses functions might affect estimates of cardinal temperatures. For comparisons among four segmented linear functions, a quadratic function and two forms of the beta function, the best fit to the data was for a two-segment function with a base temperature (T-base) of 1.9 degrees C and an optimum (T-optl) of 22.2 degrees C. In attempting to estimate a second, upper temperature for maximum development (T-optu), the estimation process failed. This likely reflected the low frequency of data from mean air temperatures over 25 C and possible severe stress responses at extreme low and high temperatures. The results further demonstrated the value of growing crops under a wide range of temperature regimes, which can be attained under field conditions through use of planting dare and T-FACE treatments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Jeffrey W.; Kimball, Bruce A.; Wall, Gerard W.] ARS, ALARC, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ottman, Michael J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), ARS, ALARC, USDA, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM jeffrey.white@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 137 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.08.013 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 056CI UT WOS:000312465600025 ER PT J AU Andreotti, R Cunha, RC Soares, MA Guerrero, FD Leite, FPL de Leon, AAP AF Andreotti, Renato Cunha, Rodrigo Casquero Soares, Mariana Aparecida Guerrero, Felix D. Leivas Leite, Fabio P. de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez TI Protective immunity against tick infestation in cattle vaccinated with recombinant trypsin inhibitor of Rhipicephalus microplus SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE R. microplus; Cattle; Tick; Vaccination; Trypsin inhibitor; Recombinant protein ID SERINE PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ACARICIDE RESISTANCE; GRAZING CATTLE; BM86; ANTIGEN; EXPRESSION; LARVAE; IMMUNOPROTECTION AB The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, is regarded as the most economically important ectoparasite of livestock globally. Control is achieved primarily through the use of acaricides. This approach is hampered by the development of resistance to commercial acaricides among cattle tick populations. Vaccination against R. microplus infestation is another technology that can be integrated for effective cattle tick control. Proteins belonging to the Kunitz-BPTI family are abundant in cattle tick salivary glands, midgut, and ovaries. These organs are attractive targets for the development of a novel cattle tick vaccine. Efficacy assessment against cattle tick infestation in bovines using a vaccine containing the recombinant form of a member of the Kunitz family from R. microplus produced in a yeast expression system is reported for the first time here. The yeast Pichia pastoris was bioengineered to produce the recombinant version of a trypsin inhibitor that is expressed in cattle tick larvae (rRmLTI). Immunization with rRmLTI afforded 32% efficacy against R. microplus. The estimated molecular weight of rRmLTI was 46 kDa. Structural homology to the native form of the larval trypsin inhibitor was documented by recognition of rRmLTI in Western-blots using polyclonal antibodies from mice immunized with cattle tick larval extract or rRmLTI. Bioinformatics analysis of the partial nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences indicated that the rRmLTI closely resembles BmTI-6, which is a three-headed Kunitz protein present in cattle tick ovary and fat tissue. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Guerrero, Felix D.; de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Andreotti, Renato; Cunha, Rodrigo Casquero; Soares, Mariana Aparecida] EMBRAPA Beef Cattle, BR-79106550 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. [Leivas Leite, Fabio P.] Univ Fed Pelotas UFPel, Inst Biol, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, BR-96010610 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. RP de Leon, AAP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM andreott@cnpgc.embrapa.br; Rodrigocunha@cnpgc.embrapa.br; msoares_mari@hotmail.com; felix.guerrero@ars.usda.gov; Fabio@leivasleite.com.br; beto.perezdeleon@ars.usda.gov RI Cunha, Rodrigo/C-4535-2013 FU Embrapa Beef Cattle; CNPq; Fundect; USDA-ARS [6205-32000-031-00D] FX Embrapa Beef Cattle, CNPq, and Fundect are gratefully acknowledged for financial support. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation of endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. F.D. Guerrero and A.A. Perez de Leon are funded by USDA-ARS appropriated project 6205-32000-031-00D. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer.Conflict of statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors contributions: RA developed proposal that was funded to test the immunoprotection of trypsin inhibitors from cattle tick larvae and helped prepare the article. RCC conducted research, and acquired and analyzed data related to DNA cloning and production of rRmLTI in the yeast expression system. MAS maintained the cattle tick colony, conducted and acquired data from the stall test, and supported laboratory experiments involving the purification of rRmLTI. FDG assisted with the bioinformatics analysis and interpretation of data related to the BmTI EST sequence, and article preparation. FPLL contributed to study design for polyclonal antibody production, murine serum sample collection, and immune response analysis. AAPL co-developed proposal funded to test the immunoprotection of trypsin inhibitors from cattle tick larvae, analyzed and interpreted the data, and drafted the article. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript submitted for publication. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 19 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 47 BP 6678 EP 6685 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.066 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 044UQ UT WOS:000311649600011 PM 22959980 ER PT J AU Jackson, MI Cao, J Zeng, HW Uthus, E Combs, GF AF Jackson, Matthew I. Cao, Jay Zeng, Huawei Uthus, Eric Combs, Gerald F., Jr. TI S-Adenosylmethionine-dependent Protein Methylation Is Required for Expression of Selenoprotein P and Gluconeogenic Enzymes in HepG2 Human Hepatocytes SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARGININE METHYLATION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; COACTIVATOR PGC-1-ALPHA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; DIABETES-MELLITUS; DB/DB MICE; SELENIUM; METHIONINE; RECEPTOR AB Cellular methylation processes enable expression of gluconeogenic enzymes and metabolism of the nutrient selenium. Selenium status has been proposed to relate to type II diabetes risk, and plasma levels of selenoprotein P (SEPP1) have been positively correlated with insulin resistance. Increased expression of gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) has negative consequences for blood glucose management in type II diabetics. Transcriptional regulation of SEPP1 is directed by the same transcription factors that control the expression of G6PC and PCK1, and these factors are activated by methylation of arginine residues. We sought to determine whether expression of SEPP1 and the aforementioned glucoconeogenic enzymes are regulated by protein methylation, the levels of which are reliant upon adequate S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and inhibited by S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). We treated a human hepatocyte cell line, HepG2, with inhibitors of adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) known to increase concentration of SAH before analysis of G6PC, PCK1, and SEPP1 expression. Increasing SAH decreased 1) the SAM/SAH ratio, 2) protein-arginine methylation, and 3) expression of SEPP1, G6PC, and PCK1 transcripts. Furthermore, hormone-dependent induction of gluconeogenic enzymes was reduced by inhibition of protein methylation. When protein-arginine methyltransferase 1 expression was reduced by siRNA treatment, G6PC expression was inhibited. These findings demonstrate that hepatocellular SAM-dependent protein methylation is required for both SEPP1 and gluconeogenic enzyme expression and that inhibition of protein arginine methylation might provide a route to therapeutic interventions in type II diabetes. C1 [Jackson, Matthew I.; Cao, Jay; Zeng, Huawei; Uthus, Eric; Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Jackson, MI (reprint author), ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 2420 2nd Ave S, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM matthew.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 19 PY 2012 VL 287 IS 43 BP 36455 EP 36464 DI 10.1074/jbc.M112.412932 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 027PA UT WOS:000310364000065 PM 22932905 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Jameson, JW Baerwald, EF Willis, CKR Barclay, RMR Snider, EA Crichton, EG AF Cryan, Paul M. Jameson, Joel W. Baerwald, Erin F. Willis, Craig K. R. Barclay, Robert M. R. Snider, E. Apple Crichton, Elizabeth G. TI Evidence of Late-Summer Mating Readiness and Early Sexual Maturation in Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Found Dead at Wind Turbines SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; LONG-EARED BATS; HIBERNATING BATS; PENILE SPINES; ENERGY FACILITIES; MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS; PLECOTUS-AURITUS; NORTH-AMERICA; GLANS-PENIS; FATALITIES AB Understanding animal mating systems is an important component of their conservation, yet the precise mating times for many species of bats are unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand the details and timing of reproductive events in species of bats that die most frequently at wind turbines in North America, because such information can help inform conservation strategies. We examined the reproductive anatomy of hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), eastern red bats (L. borealis), and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) found dead beneath industrial-scale wind turbines to learn more about when they mate. We evaluated 103 L. cinereus, 18 L. borealis, and 47 Ln. noctivagans from wind energy facilities in the United States and Canada. Histological analysis revealed that most male L. cinereus and L. borealis, as well as over half the Ln. noctivagans examined had sperm in the caudae epididymides by late August, indicating readiness to mate. Testes regression in male hoary bats coincided with enlargement of seminal vesicles and apparent growth of keratinized spines on the glans penis. Seasonality of these processes also suggests that mating could occur during August in L. cinereus. Spermatozoa were found in the uterus of an adult female hoary bat collected in September, but not in any other females. Ovaries of all females sampled had growing secondary or tertiary follicles, indicating sexual maturity even in first-year females. Lasiurus cinereus, L. borealis, and Ln. noctivagans are the only North American temperate bats in which most first-year young of both sexes are known to sexually mature in their first autumn. Our findings provide the first detailed information published on the seasonal timing of mating readiness in these species most affected by wind turbines. C1 [Cryan, Paul M.; Snider, E. Apple] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Jameson, Joel W.; Willis, Craig K. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Jameson, Joel W.; Willis, Craig K. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Ctr Forest Interdisciplinary Res, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Baerwald, Erin F.; Barclay, Robert M. R.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Snider, E. Apple] US Forest Serv, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. [Crichton, Elizabeth G.] Univ Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM cryanp@usgs.gov RI Willis, Craig/F-5218-2013; OI Baerwald, Erin/0000-0002-6399-4749; Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Geological Survey; Sustainable Development Innovation Fund of Manitoba Conservation; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC, Canada); Bat Conservation International; University of Calgary's Institute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy; Alberta Wind Energy; TransAlta; Enmax; Suncor FX This research was funded in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Geological Survey, grants to CW from the Sustainable Development Innovation Fund of Manitoba Conservation, grants to CW and RB from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC, Canada), and funding to RB and EB from Bat Conservation International, the University of Calgary's Institute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy, TransAlta, Enmax, Suncor, and Alberta Wind Energy. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 62 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 19 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47586 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047586 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 023QT UT WOS:000310050200032 PM 23094065 ER PT J AU Marutani-Hert, M Bowman, KD McCollum, GT Mirkov, TE Evens, TJ Niedz, RP AF Marutani-Hert, Mizuri Bowman, Kim D. McCollum, Greg T. Mirkov, T. Erik Evens, Terence J. Niedz, Randall P. TI A Dark Incubation Period Is Important for Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Mature Internode Explants of Sweet Orange, Grapefruit, Citron, and a Citrange Rootstock SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; SHOOT REGENERATION; PLANT-REGENERATION; PARADISI MACF.; STEM SEGMENTS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; SILVER-NITRATE; SINENSIS; L.; TUMEFACIENS AB Background: Citrus has an extended juvenile phase and trees can take 2-20 years to transition to the adult reproductive phase and produce fruit. For citrus variety development this substantially prolongs the time before adult traits, such as fruit yield and quality, can be evaluated. Methods to transform tissue from mature citrus trees would shorten the evaluation period via the direct production of adult phase transgenic citrus trees. Methodology/Principal Findings: Factors important for promoting shoot regeneration from internode explants from adult phase citrus trees were identified and included a dark incubation period and the use of the cytokinin zeatin riboside. Transgenic trees were produced from four citrus types including sweet orange, citron, grapefruit, and a trifoliate hybrid using the identified factors and factor settings. Significance: The critical importance of a dark incubation period for shoot regeneration was established. These results confirm previous reports on the feasibility of transforming mature tissue from sweet orange and are the first to document the transformation of mature tissue from grapefruit, citron, and a trifoliate hybrid. C1 [Marutani-Hert, Mizuri; Bowman, Kim D.; McCollum, Greg T.; Evens, Terence J.; Niedz, Randall P.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Mirkov, T. Erik] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLIFE Res, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Niedz, RP (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM randall.niedz@ars.usda.gov FU Citrus Research and Development Foundation [144] FX Research funded by the Citrus Research and Development Foundation (http://www.citrusrdf.org/blog/) under project #144 - Agrobacterium-mediated Genetic Transformation of Mature Citrus Tissue. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47426 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047426 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 038AF UT WOS:000311146900061 PM 23082165 ER PT J AU Ruder, MG Howerth, EW Stallknecht, DE Allison, AB Carter, DL Drolet, BS Klement, E Mead, DG AF Ruder, Mark G. Howerth, Elizabeth W. Stallknecht, David E. Allison, Andrew B. Carter, Deborah L. Drolet, Barbara S. Klement, Eyal Mead, Daniel G. TI Vector competence of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 7 SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Culicoides sonorensis; EHDV-7; Epizootic hemorrhagic disease; Hemorrhagic disease; Transmission; Vector competence; White-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; ORAL INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; VARIIPENNIS; RESPONSES; CATTLE; CALVES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GEORGIA AB Background: Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is a vector of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotypes 1 and 2 in North America, where these viruses are well-known pathogens of white-tailed deer (WTD) and other wild ruminants. Although historically rare, reports of clinical EHDV infection in cattle have increased in some parts of the world over the past decade. In 2006, an EHDV-7 epizootic in cattle resulted in economic loss for the Israeli dairy industry. White-tailed deer are susceptible to EHDV-7 infection and disease; however, this serotype is exotic to the US and the susceptibility of C. sonorensis to this cattle-virulent EHDV is not known. The objective of the study was to determine if C. sonorensis is susceptible to EHDV-7 infection and is a competent vector. Methods: To evaluate the susceptibility of C. sonorensis, midges were fed on EHDV-7 infected WTD, held at 22 +/- 1 degrees C, and processed individually for virus isolation and titration on 4-16 days post feeding (dpf). Midges with a virus titer of >= 10(2.7) median tissue culture infective doses (TCID50)/midge were considered potentially competent. To determine if infected C. sonorensis were capable of transmitting EHDV-7 to a host, a susceptible WTD was then fed on by a group of 14-16 dpf midges. Results: From 4-16 dpf, 45% (156/350) of midges that fed on WTD with high titer viremia (>10(7) TCID50/ml) were virus isolation-positive, and starting from 10-16 dpf, 32% (35/109) of these virus isolation-positive midges were potentially competent (>= 10(2.7) TCID50/midge). Midges that fed on infected deer transmitted the virus to a susceptible WTD at 14-16 dpf. The WTD developed viremia and severe clinical disease. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that C. sonorensis is susceptible to EHDV-7 infection and can transmit the virus to susceptible WTD, thus, C. sonorensis should be considered a potential vector of EHDV-7. Together with previous work, this study demonstrates that North America has a susceptible ruminant and vector host for this exotic, cattle-virulent strain of EHDV-7. C1 [Ruder, Mark G.; Howerth, Elizabeth W.; Carter, Deborah L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ruder, Mark G.; Stallknecht, David E.; Allison, Andrew B.; Mead, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ruder, Mark G.; Drolet, Barbara S.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Klement, Eyal] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food & Environm, Koret Sch Vet Med, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Ruder, MG (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM mark.ruder@ars.usda.gov RI Mead, Daniel/F-7501-2013; OI Klement, Eyal/0000-0002-2384-2345; Allison, Andrew B./0000-0003-0971-1215 FU BARD, The United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [IS-4105-08] FX This research was supported by Research Grant No. IS-4105-08 from BARD, The United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund. We thank Jim Kempert and William Yarnell (ABADRU, USDA) for providing midges, and acknowledge Elmer Gray (Department of Entomology, UGA) for use of facilities during this work. We appreciate the continued support of SCWDS member agencies. We thank David Osborn, Karl Miller, and Robert Warren (Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, UGA) and Sallie Dahmes (Wildlife Artist Supply Company, Monroe, GA) for supplying WTD. The authors thank Dr. Velizar Bumbarov (Kimron Veterinary Institute, Israel) for isolating the EHDV-7 in Israel and Dr. Carrie Batten at the Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory for preparation and shipment of the virus to the US. We also thank Sharon Bush (Department of Pathology, UGA) for performing clinical pathology assays. We thank Lee Cohnsdaedt and Justin Brown for reviewing this manuscript. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 5 AR 236 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-5-236 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 043SW UT WOS:000311569600001 PM 23075098 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Pilon, JL Nash, PB Phillips, GE Fischer, JW AF VerCauteren, Kurt C. Pilon, John L. Nash, Paul B. Phillips, Gregory E. Fischer, Justin W. TI Prion Remains Infectious after Passage through Digestive System of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SCRAPIE AGENT; MULE DEER; PROTEIN; ENCEPHALOPATHY; SHEEP; DISEASE; TRANSPORTATION; TRANSMISSION; INACTIVATION; DEGRADATION AB Avian scavengers, such as American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), have potential to translocate infectious agents (prions) of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases including chronic wasting disease, scrapie, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. We inoculated mice with fecal extracts obtained from 20 American crows that were force-fed material infected with RML-strain scrapie prions. These mice all evinced severe neurological dysfunction 196-231 d postinoculation ((x) over bar = 198; 95% CI: 210-216) and tested positive for prion disease. Our results suggest a large proportion of crows that consume prion-positive tissue are capable of passing infectious prions in their feces ((p) over cap = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.8-1.0). Therefore, this common, migratory North American scavenger could play a role in the geographic spread of TSE diseases. C1 [VerCauteren, Kurt C.; Pilon, John L.; Nash, Paul B.; Phillips, Gregory E.; Fischer, Justin W.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services (VS) FX Funding was provided by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services (VS). A representative of VS served on a panel that provided input to the 5-year plan for the Chronic Wasting Disease Project of the National Wildlife Research Center, within which this project was conducted. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e45774 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045774 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 038AF UT WOS:000311146900010 PM 23082115 ER PT J AU White, SN Mousel, MR Herrmann-Hoesing, LM Reynolds, JO Leymaster, KA Neibergs, HL Lewis, GS Knowles, DP AF White, Stephen N. Mousel, Michelle R. Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. Reynolds, James O. Leymaster, Kreg A. Neibergs, Holly L. Lewis, Gregory S. Knowles, Donald P. TI Genome-Wide Association Identifies Multiple Genomic Regions Associated with Susceptibility to and Control of Ovine Lentivirus SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA VIRUS; MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; SMALL RUMINANT LENTIVIRUSES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CAPRINE ARTHRITIS; POLAR OVERDOMINANCE; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; TOOL SET; SHEEP; BREED AB Background: Like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), ovine lentivirus (OvLV) is macrophage-tropic and causes lifelong infection. OvLV infects one quarter of U. S. sheep and induces pneumonia and body condition wasting. There is no vaccine to prevent OvLV infection and no cost-effective treatment for infected animals. However, breed differences in prevalence and proviral concentration have indicated a genetic basis for susceptibility to OvLV. A recent study identified TMEM154 variants in OvLV susceptibility. The objective here was to identify additional loci associated with odds and/or control of OvLV infection. Methodology/Principal Findings: This genome-wide association study (GWAS) included 964 sheep from Rambouillet, Polypay, and Columbia breeds with serological status and proviral concentration phenotypes. Analytic models accounted for breed and age, as well as genotype. This approach identified TMEM154 (nominal P = 9.2x10(-7); empirical P = 0.13), provided 12 additional genomic regions associated with odds of infection, and provided 13 regions associated with control of infection (all nominal <1x10(-5)). Rapid decline of linkage disequilibrium with distance suggested many regions included few genes each. Genes in regions associated with odds of infection included DPPA2/DPPA4 (empirical P = 0.006), and SYTL3 (P = 0.051). Genes in regions associated with control of infection included a zinc finger cluster (ZNF192, ZSCAN16, ZNF389, and ZNF165; P = 0.001), C19orf42/TMEM38A (P = 0.047), and DLGAP1 (P = 0.092). Conclusions/Significance: These associations provide targets for mutation discovery in sheep susceptibility to OvLV. Aside from TMEM154, these genes have not been associated previously with lentiviral infection in any species, to our knowledge. Further, data from other species suggest functional hypotheses for future testing of these genes in OvLV and other lentiviral infections. Specifically, SYTL3 binds and may regulate RAB27A, which is required for enveloped virus assembly of human cytomegalovirus. Zinc finger transcription factors have been associated with positive selection for repression of retroviral replication. DLGAP1 binds and may regulate DLG1, a known regulator of HIV infectivity. C1 [White, Stephen N.; Reynolds, James O.; Knowles, Donald P.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. [White, Stephen N.; Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mousel, Michelle R.; Lewis, Gregory S.] ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, USDA, Dubois, IN USA. [Leymaster, Kreg A.] ARS, Genet & Breeding Res Unit, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Neibergs, Holly L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP White, SN (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. EM Stephen.White@ars.usda.gov OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054; Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 FU USDA-ARS CWA [5348-32000-031-00D] FX This research was funded by USDA-ARS CWA No. 5348-32000-031-00D. (http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/main.htm). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47829 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047829 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 038AF UT WOS:000311146900118 PM 23082221 ER PT J AU Choi, SH Ahn, JB Kim, HJ Im, NK Kozukue, N Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Choi, Suk-Hyun Ahn, Jun-Bae Kim, Hyun-Jeong Im, Nam-Kyung Kozukue, Nobuyuki Levin, Carol E. Friedman, Mendel TI Changes in Free Amino Acid, Protein, and Flavonoid Content in Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) Fruit during Eight Stages of Growth and Antioxidative and Cancer Cell Inhibitory Effects by Extracts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE jujube; antioxidative; anticancer; MTT assay; flavonoids; phenolics; maturity; ABTS; DPPH; Folin-Ciocalteu; FRAP ID ZIZYPHUS-JUJUBA; BETA-CAROTENE; PHENOLICS; CAPACITY; TOMATOES; SEEDS; ASSAY; GREEN; TEA; CHLOROPHYLL AB Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) was analyzed at eight stages of ripeness (SI-8) for protein, by HPLC and mass spectroscopy for free amino acids and flavonoids, and by colorimetry for total flavonoids and antioxidative activity. The ripe fruit had lower levels of protein, flavonoids, and antioxidative activity than that of the unripe fruit. Free amino acids levels peaked at SS, due mainly to an increase in free asparagine. Extracts were also tested against four cell lines using the MTT cell viability assay. All growth stages dose-dependently inhibited HeLa cervical cancer cells, whereas the inhibition of Hel299 normal lung and A549 lung cancer cells decreased as the fruit matured and was well correlated with the flavonoid content and antioxidative activity. Chang normal liver cells were inhibited by only the SS extract. U937 lymphoma cells were unaffected by the extracts. These results show the effect of fruit maturity on nutritional and health-promoting components. C1 [Levin, Carol E.; Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Choi, Suk-Hyun; Ahn, Jun-Bae] Seowon Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Cheongju 361742, South Korea. [Kozukue, Nobuyuki] Seowon Univ, Bio Organ Mat & Food Ctr, Cheongju 361742, South Korea. [Kim, Hyun-Jeong] Keimyung Univ, Ctr Tradit Microorganism Resources, Taegu 704701, South Korea. [Im, Nam-Kyung] Keimyung Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Taegu 704701, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 48 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 41 BP 10245 EP 10255 DI 10.1021/jf302848u PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 020ZH UT WOS:000309854600009 PM 23046062 ER PT J AU Uhlig, S Busman, M Shane, DS Ronning, H Rise, F Proctor, R AF Uhlig, Silvio Busman, Mark Shane, Deborah S. Ronning, Helene Rise, Frode Proctor, Robert TI Identification of Early Fumonisin Biosynthetic Intermediates by Inactivation of the FUM6 Gene in Fusarium verticillioides SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biosynthesis; fumonisins; Fusarium verticillioides; mycotoxin; NMR ID ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; MYCOTOXIN FUMONISINS; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; MONILIFORME; ENCODES; MAIZE; B-1; OXYGENASE; STRAIN; GRAPES AB Fumonisins are polyketide mycotoxins produced by the maize pathogen Fusarium verticillioides and are associated with multiple human and animal diseases. A fumonisin biosynthetic pathway has been proposed, but structures of early pathway intermediates have not been demonstrated. The F. verticillioides FUM6 gene is required for an early pathway step. Here, metabolites produced by strains of the fungus with an inactivated FUM6 gene were purified and shown by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to have fumonisin-like structures but without substitutions at C-14 and C-15. The major metabolite was 2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,10-diol. Lesser amounts of 3-keto and triol analogues of the metabolite were also identified. In precursor feeding experiments, 2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,10-diol was transformed to fumonisins by a F. verticillioides strain with an inactive fumonisin polyketide synthase gene. The results support the hypothesis that the FUM6-encoded enzyme catalyzes fumonisin C-14 and C-15 hydroxylation and provide direct spectroscopic and biochemical evidence for structures of early intermediates in fumonisin biosynthesis. C1 [Uhlig, Silvio] Norwegian Vet Inst, N-0454 Oslo, Norway. [Busman, Mark; Shane, Deborah S.; Proctor, Robert] ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Ronning, Helene] NorwegianSch Vet Sci, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. [Rise, Frode] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. RP Uhlig, S (reprint author), Norwegian Vet Inst, Ullevalsveien 68, N-0454 Oslo, Norway. EM silvio.uhlig@vetinst.no NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 41 BP 10293 EP 10301 DI 10.1021/jf302967b PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 020ZH UT WOS:000309854600015 PM 22991966 ER PT J AU Price, DL Casler, MD AF Price, David L. Casler, Michael D. TI Simple regression models as a threshold for selecting AFLP loci with reduced error rates SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENOTYPING ERRORS; PARAMETERS; GENETICS AB Background: Amplified fragment length polymorphism is a popular DNA marker technique that has applications in multiple fields of study. Technological improvements and decreasing costs have dramatically increased the number of markers that can be generated in an amplified fragment length polymorphism experiment. As datasets increase in size, the number of genotyping errors also increases. Error within a DNA marker dataset can result in reduced statistical power, incorrect conclusions, and decreased reproducibility. It is essential that error within a dataset be recognized and reduced where possible, while still balancing the need for genomic diversity. Results: Using simple regression with a second-degree polynomial term, a model was fit to describe the relationship between locus-specific error rate and the frequency of present alleles. This model was then used to set a moving error rate threshold that varied based on the frequency of present alleles at a given locus. Loci with error rates greater than the threshold were removed from further analyses. This method of selecting loci is advantageous, as it accounts for differences in error rate between loci of varying frequencies of present alleles. An example using this method to select loci is demonstrated in an amplified fragment length polymorphism dataset generated from the North American prairie species big bluestem. Within this dataset the error rate was reduced from 12.5% to 8.8% by removal of loci with error rates greater than the defined threshold. By repeating the method on selected loci, the error rate was further reduced to 5.9%. This reduction in error resulted in a substantial increase in the amount of genetic variation attributable to regional and population variation. Conclusions: This paper demonstrates a logical and computationally simple method for selecting loci with a reduced error rate. In the context of a genetic diversity study, this method resulted in an increased ability to detect differences between populations. Further application of this locus selection method, in addition to error-reducing methodological precautions, will result in amplified fragment length polymorphism datasets with reduced error rates. This reduction in error rate should result in greater power to detect differences and increased reproducibility. C1 [Price, David L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Casler, Michael D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Price, DL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM DLPrice2@wisc.edu FU Forage Genetics International (Nampa, ID) FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers and Andrew Jakubowski for critical reading of the manuscript. Collection of plant materials and analysis of DNA markers for this project was funded by Forage Genetics International (Nampa, ID). Mention of a trademark, product name or brand does not imply endorsement of a product over any other product by the University of Wisconsin or the USDA-ARS. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD OCT 16 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 268 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-13-268 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 062BK UT WOS:000312893900001 PM 23072295 ER PT J AU Chen, C Herzig, CTA Alexander, LJ Keele, JW McDaneld, TG Telfer, JC Baldwin, CL AF Chen, Chuang Herzig, Carolyn T. A. Alexander, Leeson J. Keele, John W. McDaneld, Tara G. Telfer, Janice C. Baldwin, Cynthia L. TI Gene number determination and genetic polymorphism of the gamma delta T cell co-receptor WC1 genes SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Bovine; WC1; gamma delta T cells ID REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; IG-LIKE RECEPTORS; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; MULTIGENE FAMILY; INNATE IMMUNITY; LY49 GENES AB Background: WC1 co-receptors belong to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily and are encoded by a multi-gene family. Expression of particular WC1 genes defines functional subpopulations of WC1(+) gamma delta T cells. We have previously identified partial or complete genomic sequences for thirteen different WC1 genes through annotation of the bovine genome Btau_3.1 build. We also identified two WC1 cDNA sequences from other cattle that did not correspond to sequences in the Btau_3.1 build. Their absence in the Btau_3.1 build may have reflected gaps in the genome assembly or polymorphisms among animals. Since the response of gamma delta T cells to bacterial challenge is determined by WC1 gene expression, it was critical to understand whether individual cattle or breeds differ in the number of WC1 genes or display polymorphisms. Results: Real-time quantitative PCR using DNA from the animal whose genome was sequenced ("Dominette") and sixteen other animals representing ten breeds of cattle, showed that the number of genes coding for WC1 co-receptors is thirteen. The complete coding sequences of those thirteen WC1 genes is presented, including the correction of an error in the WC1-2 gene due to mis-assembly in the Btau_3.1 build. All other cDNA sequences were found to agree with the previous annotation of complete or partial WC1 genes. PCR amplification and sequencing of the most variable N-terminal SRCR domain (domain 1 which has the SRCR "a" pattern) of each of the thirteen WC1 genes showed that the sequences are highly conserved among individuals and breeds. Of 160 sequences of domain 1 from three breeds of cattle, no additional sequences beyond the thirteen described WC1 genes were found. Analysis of the complete WC1 cDNA sequences indicated that the thirteen WC1 genes code for three distinct WC1 molecular forms. Conclusion: The bovine WC1 multi-gene family is composed of thirteen genes coding for three structural forms whose sequences are highly conserved among individual cattle and breeds. The sequence diversity necessary for WC1 genes to function as a multi-genic pattern recognition receptor array is encoded in the genome, rather than generated by recombinatorial diversity or hypermutation. C1 [Chen, Chuang; Herzig, Carolyn T. A.; Telfer, Janice C.; Baldwin, Cynthia L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Alexander, Leeson J.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh LARRL, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Dept Agr, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Keele, John W.; McDaneld, Tara G.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Baldwin, CL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM cbaldwin@vasci.umass.edu FU CSREES USDA-NRI [2006-01691, 2005-01812]; CSREES-USDA Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station [MA0209204]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture USDA [2011-67015-30736]; NIH [R01 HD070056-01] FX This work was conducted as part of the Bovine Genome Annotation Sequencing Consortium and supported by CSREES USDA-NRI grant #2006-01691, 2005-01812 and CSREES-USDA Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station under project No. MA0209204, and by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2011-67015-30736 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture USDA and NIH (R01 HD070056-01) program titled Dual Purpose with Dual Benefit: Research in Biomedicine and Agriculture using Agriculturally Important Domestic Species. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing information and does not imply recommendation, endorsement or exclusion of other suitable products by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD OCT 16 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 86 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-13-86 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 051QA UT WOS:000312140900001 PM 23072335 ER PT J AU Mitra, A Luo, J Zhang, HM Cui, KR Zhao, KJ Song, JZ AF Mitra, Apratim Luo, Juan Zhang, Huanming Cui, Kairong Zhao, Keji Song, Jiuzhou TI Marek's disease virus infection induces widespread differential chromatin marks in inbred chicken lines SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Histone modifications; Thymus; Differential marks; Bivalent domain; Chromatin signature; Marek's disease ID RNA-BINDING PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CANCER-CELLS; HUMAN GENOME; STEM-CELLS; CRD-BP; HERPESVIRUS; GROWTH; P53 AB Background: Marek's disease (MD) is a neoplastic disease in chickens caused by the MD virus (MDV). Successful vaccine development against MD has resulted in increased virulence of MDV and the understanding of genetic resistance to the disease is, therefore, crucial to long-term control strategies. Also, epigenetic factors are believed to be one of the major determinants of disease response. Results: Here, we carried out comprehensive analyses of the epigenetic landscape induced by MDV, utilizing genome-wide histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 27 trimethylation maps from chicken lines with varying resistance to MD. Differential chromatin marks were observed on genes previously implicated in the disease such as MX1 and CTLA-4 and also on genes reported in other cancers including IGF2BP1 and GAL. We detected bivalent domains on immune-related transcriptional regulators BCL6, CITED2 and EGR1, which underwent dynamic changes in both lines as a result of MDV infection. In addition, putative roles for GAL in the mechanism of MD progression were revealed. Conclusion: Our results confirm the presence of widespread epigenetic differences induced by MD in chicken lines with different levels of genetic resistance. A majority of observed epigenetic changes were indicative of increased levels of viral infection in the susceptible line symptomatic of lowered immunocompetence in these birds caused by early cytolytic infection. The GAL system that has known anti-proliferative effects in other cancers is also revealed to be potentially involved in MD progression. Our study provides further insight into the mechanisms of MD progression while revealing a complex landscape of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that varies depending on host factors. C1 [Mitra, Apratim; Luo, Juan; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, Huanming] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. [Cui, Kairong; Zhao, Keji] NHLBI, Lab Mol Immunol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Song, JZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM songj88@umd.edu FU National Research Initiative Competitive Grant [USDA-NRI/NIFA 2008-35204-04660]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [USDA-NRI/NIFA 2010-65205-20588] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. USDA-NRI/NIFA 2008-35204-04660 and USDA-NRI/NIFA 2010-65205-20588 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 16 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 557 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-557 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 051TP UT WOS:000312150600001 PM 23072359 ER PT J AU Wei, W Chen, LD Yang, L Samadani, FF Sun, G AF Wei, Wei Chen, Liding Yang, Lei Samadani, F. Fred Sun, Ge TI Microtopography Recreation Benefits Ecosystem Restoration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wei, Wei; Chen, Liding; Yang, Lei] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Samadani, F. Fred] Environm & Water Resources Management Consultant, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Sun, Ge] USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Wei, W (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM weiwei@rcees.ac.cn NR 5 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 16 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 20 BP 10875 EP 10876 DI 10.1021/es303294n PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020JO UT WOS:000309805000003 PM 23013442 ER PT J AU Shrestha, SL Casey, FXM Hakk, H Smith, DJ Padmanabhan, G AF Shrestha, Suman L. Casey, Francis X. M. Hakk, Heldur Smith, David J. Padmanabhan, G. TI Fate and Transformation of an Estrogen Conjugate and Its Metabolites in Agricultural Soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; STEROID-HORMONES; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; DEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; MANURE; BIODEGRADATION; PERSISTENCE; ENVIRONMENT AB In the environment, conjugated estrogens are nontoxic but may hydrolyze to their potent unconjugated, 'free' forms. Compared to free estrogens, conjugated estrogens would be more mobile in the environment because of their higher water solubility. To identify the fate of a conjugated estrogen in natural agricultural soils, batch experiments were conducted with a C-14 labeled prototype conjugate, 17 beta-estradiol-3-glucuronide (E2-3G). Initially, aqueous dissipation was dominated by biological hydrolysis of E2-3G and its oxidized metabolite, estrone glucuronide (E1-3G), both of which were transformed into the free estrogens, 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (El), respectively. Following hydrolysis, hydrophobic sorption interactions of E2 and El dominated. Depending on soil organic matter contents, dissolved E2-3G persisted from 1-14 d, which was much longer than what others reported for free estrogens (generally <24 h). Biodegradation rate constants of E2-3G were smaller in the subsoil (0.01-0.02 h(-1)) compared to topsoil (0.2-0.4 h(-1)). Field observations supported our laboratory findings where significant concentrations (425 ng L-1) of intact E2-3G were detected in groundwater (6.5-8.1 m deep) near a swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) farm. This study provides evidence that conjugate estrogens may be a significant source of free estrogens to surface water and groundwater. C1 [Shrestha, Suman L.; Casey, Francis X. M.] N Dakota State Univ, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Hakk, Heldur; Smith, David J.] USDA ARS, Anim Metab Agr Chem Res Unit, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Padmanabhan, G.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Casey, FXM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM Francis.Casey@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010; OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234; Suman, Shrestha/0000-0003-1009-0110 FU USDA-NIFA [2010-65102-20400]; NSF [0730492] FX The authors thank C. Pfaff D. A. Ellig B. Magelky, M. Giddings, G. Harrington, J. Holthusen, and G. Wittenberg of Bio Sciences Research Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND and N. Derby of NDSU for their technical support. We acknowledge J. M. Schuh for discussions on speciation analysis and). Harmon and T. DeSutter for reading and commenting on the manuscript. This work was supported by USDA-NIFA Grant No. 2010-65102-20400 and NSF Grant No. 0730492. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 104 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 16 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 20 BP 11047 EP 11053 DI 10.1021/es3021765 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020JO UT WOS:000309805000027 PM 22967238 ER PT J AU Nyasembe, VO Teal, PEA Mukabana, WR Tumlinson, JH Torto, B AF Nyasembe, Vincent O. Teal, Peter E. A. Mukabana, Wolfgang R. Tumlinson, James H. Torto, Baldwyn TI Behavioural response of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae to host plant volatiles and synthetic blends SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Sugar feeding; Host plants; An. gambiae s.s; Malaria vector; Attractant; Terpenoids ID FLORAL NECTAR SOURCES; CULEX-PIPIENS; AEDES-TAENIORHYNCHUS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; WESTERN KENYA; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; DIPTERA; SUGAR; SURVIVAL AB Background: Sugar feeding is critical for survival of malaria vectors and, although discriminative plant feeding previously has been shown to occur in Anopheles gambiae s.s., little is known about the cues mediating attraction to these plants. In this study, we investigated the role of olfaction in An. gambiae discriminative feeding behaviour. Methods: Dual choice olfactometer assays were used to study odour discrimination by An. gambiae to three suspected host plants: Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae), Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). Sugar content of the three plant species was determined by analysis of their trimethylsilyl derivatives by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and confirmed with authentic standards. Volatiles from intact plants of the three species were collected on Super Q and analyzed by coupled GC-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-MS to identify electrophysiologically-active components whose identities were also confirmed with authentic standards. Active compounds and blends were formulated using dose-response olfactory bioassays. Responses of females were converted into preference indices and analyzed by chi-square tests. The amounts of common behaviourally-active components released by the three host plants were compared with one-way ANOVA. Results: Overall, the sugar contents were similar in the two Asteraceae plants, P. hysterophorus and B. pilosa, but richer in R. communis. Odours released by P. hysterophorus were the most attractive, with those from B. pilosa being the least attractive to females in the olfactometer assays. Six EAD-active components identified were consistently detected by the antennae of adult females. The amounts of common antennally-active components released varied with the host plant, with the highest amounts released by P. hysterophorus. In dose-response assays, single compounds and blends of these components were attractive to females but to varying levels, with one of the blends recording a significantly attractive response from females when compared to volatiles released by either the most preferred plant, P. hysterophorus (chi(2) = 5.23, df = 1, P < 0.05) or as a synthetic blend mimicking that released by P. hysterophorus. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that (a) a specific group of plant odours attract female An. gambiae (b) females use both qualitative and quantitative differences in volatile composition to associate and discriminate between different host plants, and (c) altering concentrations of individual EAD-active components in a blend provides a practical direction for developing effective plant-based lures for malaria vector management. C1 [Nyasembe, Vincent O.; Mukabana, Wolfgang R.; Torto, Baldwyn] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. [Nyasembe, Vincent O.; Mukabana, Wolfgang R.] Univ Nairobi, Sch Biol Sci, GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. [Teal, Peter E. A.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Tumlinson, James H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Torto, B (reprint author), Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, GPO, Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya. EM btorto@icipe.org FU Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) grant [R01A1077722]; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology; World Federation of Scientists FX We are grateful to the staff at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), Duduville, Nairobi, who provided support without which our research would not have been possible. Special thanks are extended to Woodbridge A. Foster and David P. Tchouassi for critical review of the manuscript, Daisy Salifu for assistance with statistical analysis, and Onesmus Wanyama, Milka Gitau and Richard Ochieng for their technical support in the course of this study. We thank Simon Mathenge (formerly of the Botany Department, University of Nairobi) for help in identification of plants. This study was funded in part by Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture and by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) grant R01A1077722 to WAF. VON was supported by the International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) and World Federation of Scientists. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 66 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 5 AR 234 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-5-234 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 060MR UT WOS:000312782900001 PM 23069316 ER PT J AU Cox, WA Thompson, FR Root, B Faaborg, J AF Cox, W. Andrew Thompson, Frank R., III Root, Brian Faaborg, John TI Declining Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) Populations Are Associated with Landscape-Specific Reductions in Brood Parasitism and Increases in Songbird Productivity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NEST PREDATION; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SUCCESS; PATTERNS; MODELS; FRAGMENTATION; DENSITIES; ABUNDANCE; HABITATS AB Many songbird species have experienced significant population declines, partly because of brood parasitism by the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), which is positively associated with increasing landscape forest cover in the midwestern United States. However, cowbirds are also experiencing long-term population declines, which should reduce parasitism pressure and thus increase productivity of host species. We used 20 years of nest monitoring data from five sites in Missouri across a gradient of landscape forest cover to assess temporal trends in the rate and intensity of brood parasitism for Acadian Flycatchers (Empidonax virescens), Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea), and Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis). We evaluated whether there were concomitant changes in fledging brood size, nest survival, a combination of the two metrics (i.e., host young produced per nest attempt), and whether such changes were more substantial with decreasing landscape forest cover. Parasitism rates and intensities declined substantially during 1991-2010. Fledging brood size and nest survival rates were positively associated with landscape forest cover, confirming the fragmentation hypothesis for Midwest forest birds. Declining parasitism rates were associated with increased fledging brood sizes, with more pronounced increases as landscape forest cover decreased. Nest survival increased insubstantially across time during laying and incubation, but not during the nestling stage. The best predictor of nest survival was parasitism status, with parasitized nests surviving at lower rates than unparasitized nests. Overall, productivity increased during 1991-2010, with more pronounced increases associated with lower levels of landscape forest cover. The negative effects of cowbirds on nest survival in addition to fledging brood size in less forested landscapes suggest that cowbirds may be a primary cause of forest fragmentation effects on songbird productivity in the Midwest. Our results underscore the dynamic nature of demographic parameters, which should be accounted for in predictive models of wildlife responses to future environmental conditions. C1 [Cox, W. Andrew] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO USA. [Root, Brian] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO USA. [Faaborg, John] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Cox, WA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wac253@mail.missouri.edu OI Cox, William/0000-0002-1205-5979 FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service; Missouri Department of Conservation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Funding sources for the original field studies included the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Missouri Department of Conservation, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 74 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47591 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047591 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 022WO UT WOS:000309995100142 PM 23077647 ER PT J AU Kabagambe, EK Ordovas, JM Hopkins, PN Tsai, MY Arnett, DK AF Kabagambe, Edmond K. Ordovas, Jose M. Hopkins, Paul N. Tsai, Michael Y. Arnett, Donna K. TI The Relation between Erythrocyte Trans Fat and Triglyceride, VLDL- and HDL-Cholesterol Concentrations Depends on Polyunsaturated Fat SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; DIETARY-FAT; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RICAN ADULTS; YOUNG MEN; ACIDS; RISK AB Background: Trans fatty acids (TFA) lower HDL and increase triglyceride concentrations while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) lower triglycerides and may decrease HDL concentrations. The effect of the interaction between trans fat and PUFA on lipids is uncertain. Methods: Men and women (n = 1032) in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study were included. Fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes were measured with gas chromatography while data on potential confounders were obtained from questionnaires. To test the interaction between total erythrocyte PUFA (ePUFA) and TFA (eTFA) on lipid concentrations we distributed eTFA into tertiles and dichotomized ePUFA at the median concentration. Results: For the 1st, 2nd and 3rd tertiles of eTFA, multivariate-adjusted means+/-s.e.m for HDL were 46.2+/-1.1, 46.3+/-1.1 and 45.5+/-1.0 mg/dL among those with low ePUFA, respectively, while they were 50.0+/-1.1, 46.9+/-1.1 and 44.7+/-1.1 mg/dL among those with high ePUFA, respectively (P for interaction = 0.01). For the 1st, 2nd and 3rd tertiles of eTFA, multivariate-adjusted means+/-s.e.m for triglycerides were 178.6+/-11.3, 144.7+/-10.9 and 140.8+/-10.6, respectively, among those with low ePUFA, while they were 133.8+/-11.3, 145.7+/-10.9 and 149.3+/-11.5, respectively, among those with high ePUFA (P for interaction = 0.005). Results for VLDL were similar to those for triglycerides. No significant interactions were observed for LDL or total cholesterol. Conclusions: The relation between trans fat and HDL, VLDL and triglycerides may depend on PUFA. The benefit of avoiding trans fat may be greater among individuals with higher PUFA intake. Supplementation with PUFA among individuals with relatively high trans fat intake may have limited benefits on lipid profiles. C1 [Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Nutr Obes Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hopkins, Paul N.] Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Kabagambe, EK (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM edmond.kabagambe@vanderbilt.edu OI Kabagambe, Edmond/0000-0002-8993-3186 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01HL072524]; American Heart Association grant NSDG [0635323N] FX This study was funded by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant no. U01HL072524. EKK is supported by the American Heart Association grant NSDG # 0635323N. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47430 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047430 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 022WO UT WOS:000309995100111 PM 23077615 ER PT J AU Gove, JH Ducey, MJ Valentine, HT Williams, MS AF Gove, Jeffrey H. Ducey, Mark J. Valentine, Harry T. Williams, Michael S. TI A distance limited method for sampling downed coarse woody debris SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dead wood; Ecological inventory; Forest inventory; Variable probability sampling ID ALTERNATIVE METHOD; INTEGRAL GEOMETRY; FOREST; VOLUME; AREA; LOG AB A new sampling method for down coarse woody debris is proposed based on limiting the perpendicular distance from individual pieces to a randomly chosen sample point. Two approaches are presented that allow different protocols to be used to determine field measurements; estimators for each protocol are also developed. Both protocols are compared via simulation against existing sampling methods that are closely related in terms of theory and field implementation. The new method performed well in comparison to both fixed-area plot and perpendicular distance sampling, and may provide some simplifications in operational field use. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gove, Jeffrey H.; Valentine, Harry T.] USDA Forest Service, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03829 USA. [Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Williams, Michael S.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment & Residue Div, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), USDA Forest Service, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03829 USA. EM jgove@fs.fed.us; mjducey@unh.edu; hvalentine@fs.fed.us; Mike.Williams@fsis.usda.gov RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 282 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.014 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003PS UT WOS:000308624400007 ER PT J AU Hu, HF Wang, GG Walker, JL Knapp, BO AF Hu, Huifeng Wang, G. Geoff Walker, Joan L. Knapp, Benjamin O. TI Silvicultural treatments for converting loblolly pine to longleaf pine dominance: Effects on resource availability and their relationships with planted longleaf pine seedlings SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canopy treatment; Cultural treatment; Gap light index; Soil moisture; Soil temperature; Root collar diameter ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; 6 GROWING SEASONS; UNDERSTORY LIGHT; SOIL CHEMISTRY; COASTAL-PLAIN; CANOPY GAPS; CLEAR-CUT; GROWTH; RESPONSES; RESTORATION AB Throughout the southeastern United States, land managers are currently interested in converting loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations to species rich longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems. In a 3-year study on moderately well- to well-drained soils of the Lower Coastal Plain in North Carolina, we examined the effects of four canopy and three cultural treatments on plant resources and quantified relationships between plant resources and longleaf pine seedling survival and growth. Canopy treatments consisted of four levels of timber harvest applied to loblolly pine stands: Control (uncut, mean basal area of 16.2 m(2)/ha), MedBA (single-tree selection to a mean residual basal area of 9.0 m(2)/ha), LowBA (single-tree selection to a mean residual basal area of 6.4 m(2)/ha), and Clearcut (complete canopy removal). Within each canopy treatment, we applied three cultural treatments designed to benefit the early growth of planted seedlings: no treatment (NT), herbicide (H), and herbicide plus fertilization (H + F). Gap light index (GLI) significantly differed among canopy treatments and nonlinearly increased with decreasing basal area. The H treatment resulted in higher temperatures at 10 cm in the soil. Canopy thinning increased foliar calcium (Ca) concentration. The annual root collar diameter (RCD) increment of planted longleaf pine seedlings was positively correlated with GLI, and foliar phosphorus (P) and Ca concentrations but was negatively correlated with soil moisture. Our results confirm that light is an important factor controlling the growth of longleaf pine seedlings. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Huifeng; Wang, G. Geoff; Knapp, Benjamin O.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Walker, Joan L.] Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Wang, GG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM gwang@clemson.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); Department of Defense (DoD); Department of Energy (DoE); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [SI-1474] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) sponsored by the Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Energy (DoE), and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (SI-1474: Managing declining pine stands for the restoration of red-cockaded wood-pecker habitat). We would like to thank Dr. Susan Cohen, from the Defense Coastal/Estuarine Research Program (DCERP) at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, NC for support throughout this project. The authors would like to thank following field technicians for assistance with data collection: Seth Cook, K. Hunter Leary, Joe Ledvina, Bryan Mudder, Erik Pearson, Shawna Reid, Lindsay Stewart, Carsyn Tennant, and Evelyn Wenk. Dr. James R. Rieck, from the Department of Mathematical Sciences of Clemson University provided statistical support. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 282 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.009 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003PS UT WOS:000308624400013 ER PT J AU Hart, JL Buchanan, ML Clark, SL Torreano, SJ AF Hart, Justin L. Buchanan, Megan L. Clark, Stacy L. Torreano, Scott J. TI Canopy accession strategies and climate-growth relationships in Acer rubrum SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Acer rubrum; Canopy accession; Canopy disturbance; Central Hardwood Forest; Quercus; Radial growth ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; REPEATED PRESCRIBED FIRES; MIXED-OAK FORESTS; RED MAPLE; HARDWOOD FOREST; DISTURBANCE HISTORY; RADIAL GROWTH; LIRIODENDRON-TULIPIFERA; CUMBERLAND PLATEAU; NORTH-AMERICA AB A pervasive pattern of forest composition change is occurring throughout the Central Hardwood Forest of the eastern US. Acer rubrum has invaded the understory of Quercus stands across a variety of site types. The proliferation of A. rubrum, and that of other shade-tolerant mesophytes, inhibits the regeneration of Quercus. Without alterations in disturbance or climate regimes, composition in invaded stands is expected to shift towards A. rubrum dominance. Canopy accession strategies and climate-growth relationships of A. rubrum are critical factors in this successional shift. We quantified patterns of suppression and release during canopy accession, examined the relationships between climate variables and radial growth, and compared our findings for A. rubrum in an old-growth forest in Tennessee to other studies throughout the region to elucidate broad-scale patterns. The most common mode of A. rubrum canopy recruitment began with a tree originating in a gap followed by accession into the canopy without a period of suppression (61%). The remaining trees experienced a period of suppression before recruiting to the main canopy. A prominent establishment pulse occurred from the 1940s to the 1960s and 93% of trees that recruited to the canopy during this period established in gaps and were never suppressed. The mean age at canopy accession for individuals that experienced suppression was 24 yr. The transition from suppression to release phases in radial growth trends was abrupt. The mean interseries correlation and the average mean sensitivity of the A. rubrum tree-ring chronology were comparatively high for the region. Acer rubrum individuals were most productive during cool, wet springs preceded by wet autumns and warm winters. Our results indicate that A. rubrum will remain competitive in the coming decades without a change in current disturbance regimes and the Quercus component will be difficult for managers to maintain in similar stands of the Central Hardwood Forest. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hart, Justin L.] Univ Alabama, Dept Geog, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Buchanan, Megan L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Clark, Stacy L.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Torreano, Scott J.] Univ South, Dept Forestry & Geol, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. RP Hart, JL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Geog, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM hart013@bama.ua.edu RI Hart, Justin/B-2535-2010; Buchanan, Megan/E-9827-2011 OI Hart, Justin/0000-0001-6580-0189; Buchanan, Megan/0000-0001-9572-2492 FU USDA Forest Service (USFS), Southern Research Station; University of Alabama (UA); University of the South (US) FX Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service (USFS), Southern Research Station, the University of Alabama (UA), and the University of the South (US). We thank C. Schweitzer (USFS) for assistance in securing resources for this project. We thank N. Brown (USFS), C. Bryars (USFS), L. Lentile (US), N. McLarty (USFS), J. Richards (UA), R. Sisk (USFS), T. Petty (USFS), and P. Vestal (US) for field assistance; G. Parker (UA), P. Vestal, and B. Zimmermann (UA) for assistance in the lab; the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation for sampling permission; and Sequatchie, LLC for access to the reserve. NR 75 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 282 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.033 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003PS UT WOS:000308624400014 ER PT J AU Aubrey, DP Mortazavi, B O'Brien, JJ McGee, JD Hendricks, JJ Kuehn, KA Teskey, RO Mitchell, RJ AF Aubrey, Doug P. Mortazavi, Behzad O'Brien, Joseph J. McGee, Jason D. Hendricks, Joseph J. Kuehn, Kevin A. Teskey, Robert O. Mitchell, Robert J. TI Influence of repeated canopy scorching on soil CO2 efflux SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Belowground autotrophic respiration; Carbohydrate storage reserves; Evolutionary history; Frequent disturbance; Pious palustris Mill.; Soil respiration ID LONGLEAF PINE FOREST; SAP FLOW; BOREAL FOREST; FINE ROOTS; RESPIRATION; GROWTH; TISSUE; STAND; TREES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Forest ecosystems experience various disturbances that can affect belowground carbon cycling to different degrees. Here, we investigate if successive annual foliar scorching events will result in a large and rapid decline in soil CO2 efflux, similar to that observed in girdling studies. Using the fire-adapted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) tree species, we experimentally manipulated foliar leaf area and thus, canopy photosynthesis, via foliar scorching over two consecutive growing seasons. We monitored the effect of scorching on soil CO2 efflux and fine root production, mortality, standing crop, and nitrogen (N) and non-structural carbohydrate (i.e. sugar and starch) concentrations. Despite an immediate 80% reduction in foliar leaf area and sap flow rates from the scorch treatment, there was no effect on soil CO2 efflux in either year. Likewise, the cumulative soil CO2 flux after two scorch treatments remained comparable to that of the control treatment, even after assuming a 100% decline in the autotrophic component for the month following the two scorching events. Fine root standing crop was not diminished by scorching because both fine root production and mortality increased commensurately in the scorch treatment. Fine root N and sugar concentrations were not diminished by scorching, but starch concentrations of 5th order roots decreased after the second scorching treatment, presumably because starch was mobilized from larger roots to maintain more metabolically active 1st order roots. The lack of response observed in soil CO2 efflux following successive canopy scorches differs from the response often observed after girdling and suggests that the carbohydrate reserves of longleaf pine trees are sufficient to maintain root metabolism for extended periods even after an extreme canopy perturbation. We propose that tree species in ecosystems that experience frequent disturbance may allocate more carbon to storage than those in less disturbed ecosystems, and as a result are more resilient to disturbances that affect photosynthate supply. Such species should be capable of maintaining belowground autotrophic respiration during periods of minimal or nonexistent carbon assimilation. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aubrey, Doug P.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Mortazavi, Behzad] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Mortazavi, Behzad] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [O'Brien, Joseph J.] USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30601 USA. [McGee, Jason D.; Mitchell, Robert J.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Hendricks, Joseph J.] Univ W Georgia, Dept Biol, Carrollton, GA 30118 USA. [Kuehn, Kevin A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Teskey, Robert O.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Aubrey, DP (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, POB 8042, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM daubrey@georgiasouthern.edu RI Mortazavi, Behzad/D-3864-2013 OI Mortazavi, Behzad/0000-0002-1912-1940 FU USDA grant [2006-35101-16557]; Robert W. Woodruff Foundation FX Funding for this project was provided by USDA grant number 2006-35101-16557 and the Robert W. Woodruff Foundation. We thank Erik Hobble for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 282 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.041 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003PS UT WOS:000308624400016 ER PT J AU Zegler, TJ Moore, MM Fairweather, ML Ireland, KB Fule, PZ AF Zegler, Thomas J. Moore, Margaret M. Fairweather, Mary L. Ireland, Kathryn B. Fule, Peter Z. TI Populus tremuloides mortality near the southwestern edge of its range SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Quaking aspen; Decline; Conifer encroachment; Canker disease; Wood-boring insect; Ungulate herbivore ID QUAKING ASPEN; NORTH-AMERICA; NATIONAL-PARK; COLORADO; CLIMATE; USA; VEGETATION; DROUGHT; FORESTS; ELK AB Mortality and crown dieback of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) were extensive on the Williams Ranger District, Kaibab National Forest in northern Arizona. We collected data from a random sample of 48 aspen sites to determine the relationship of predisposing site and stand factors and contributing agents to ramet mortality. Mortality of overstory (>= 10.1 cm DBH) aspen stems averaged 50% (44% by basal area). Pine-oak type aspen stands suffered greater basal area mortality (57%) than stands in mixed conifer type (38%). An average of 48% of live overstory aspen stems had >33% crown dieback, and mortality significantly increased with increasing crown dieback. Based upon univariate relationships, elevation was the most significant site factor and relative conifer basal area was the most significant stand factor related to overstory mortality. Canker diseases and wood-boring insects were significantly related to overstory mortality. Sapling (>= 5.1-10.1 cm DBH) and tall regeneration (<5.1 cm DBH) aspen mortality were high (>80% and 70%, respectively), while short regeneration (<1.37 m tall) mortality was low (16%). Many sites did not have live aspen sapling or tall regeneration stems; therefore, relationships were often inconclusive or weak. Based on a null size-density model, there was a lack of tall regeneration, sapling, and 10.1-15 cm DBH overstory aspen recruitment. Multiple regression was used to explore multivariate relationships among aspen mortality and site, stand, and damaging agent factors. Forest type, relative conifer basal area, and incidence of canker diseases and wood-boring insects were significantly associated with overstory mortality. Slope, relative conifer density, and incidence of animal damages were significantly associated with short regeneration mortality. Ungulate damages to aspen stems were common across all size classes, but significant r >= elationships were limited to short regeneration mortality. The Southwest is forecasted to transition to a more arid climate, and aspen in pine-oak sites are already experiencing a population crash. If high mortality and low recruitment continues, conifer will replace aspen stands after overstory aspen stems die. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zegler, Thomas J.; Moore, Margaret M.; Ireland, Kathryn B.; Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Fairweather, Mary L.] Arizona Zone Forest Hlth Protect, USDA Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Zegler, TJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM tzegler2@yahoo.com FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [08-JV-11221633-244]; USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Monitoring Program [INT-EM-B-10-04, 10-CR-11031600-026] FX We thank Daniel C. Laughlin for statistical advice and the staff of the Kaibab National Forest and Williams Ranger District for initiating and facilitating this project. We appreciate the helpful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript by John C. Guyon II and James J. Worrall. We are also obliged to many people in the Ecological Restoration Institute at Northern Arizona University, especially Donald P. Normandin and Scott O. Curran for field and laboratory assistance. Funding for this project was provided by USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Award #08-JV-11221633-244 and USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Monitoring Program, Awards #INT-EM-B-10-04 and #10-CR-11031600-026. NR 65 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 282 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.004 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003PS UT WOS:000308624400022 ER PT J AU Zhu, ZQ Yang, XE Wang, K Huang, HG Zhang, XC Fang, H Li, TQ Alva, AK He, ZL AF Zhu, Zhi-qiang Yang, Xiao-e Wang, Kai Huang, Hua-gang Zhang, Xincheng Fang, Hua Li, Ting-qiang Alva, A. K. He, Zhen-li TI Bioremediation of Cd-DDT co-contaminated soil using the Cd-hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii and DDT-degrading microbes SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Cd-DDT co-contaminated soil; Sedum alfredii; Bioremediation; DDT-degrading microbe; Pseudomonas sp DDT-1 ID THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; AEROBIC DEGRADATION; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; METAL ACCUMULATION; HEAVY-METALS; PLANT; ZINC; CADMIUM; HANCE; PHYTOEXTRACTION AB The development of an integrated strategy for the remediation of soil co-contaminated by heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants is a major research priority for the decontamination of soil slated for use in agricultural production. The objective of this study was to develop a bioremediation strategy for fields co-contaminated with cadmium (Cd), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and its metabolites 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) and 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (ODD) (DDT, DDE, and DDD are collectively called DDs) using an identified Cd-hyperaccumulator plant Sedum alfredii (SA) and DDT-degrading microbes (DDT-1). Initially, inoculation with DDT-1 was shown to increase SA root biomass in a pot experiment. When SA was applied together with DDT-1, the levels of Cd and DDs in the co-contaminated soil decreased by 32.1-40.3% and 33.9-37.6%, respectively, in a pot experiment over 18 months compared to 3.25% and 3.76% decreases in soil Cd and DDs, respectively, in unplanted, untreated controls. A subsequent field study (18-month duration) in which the levels of Cd and DDs decreased by 31.1% and 53.6%, respectively, confirmed the beneficial results of this approach. This study demonstrates that the integrated bioremediation strategy is effective for the remediation of Cd-DDs co-contaminated soils. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Zhi-qiang; Yang, Xiao-e; Wang, Kai; Huang, Hua-gang; Zhang, Xincheng; Li, Ting-qiang] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resources Sci, MOE Key Lab Environm Remediat & Ecosyst Hlth, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Zhi-qiang] Hainan Univ, Coll Agr, Haikou 570228, Peoples R China. [Fang, Hua] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Dept Plant Protect, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Alva, A. K.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [He, Zhen-li] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Yang, XE (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resources Sci, MOE Key Lab Environm Remediat & Ecosyst Hlth, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM xyang@zju.edu.cn RI He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016; Li, Tingqiang/B-2592-2017 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070; Li, Tingqiang/0000-0003-4448-4871 FU Hi-tech Research and Development Program (863) of China [2009AA06Z316]; Ministry of Environmental Protection of China [2011467057]; Ministry of Education of China [310003] FX This research was supported by the Hi-tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (Grant No. 2009AA06Z316), the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (Grant No. 2011467057), and the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 310003). The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions for improving this paper. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 13 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 235 BP 144 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.033 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017CW UT WOS:000309568700017 PM 22868749 ER PT J AU Stevens, MGH De Spiegeleer, B Peelman, L Boulougouris, XJA Capuco, AV Burvenich, C AF Stevens, Mieke G. H. De Spiegeleer, Bart Peelman, Luc Boulougouris, Xanthippe J. A. Capuco, Anthony V. Burvenich, Christian TI Compromised neutrophil function and bovine E. coli mastitis: Is C5a the missing link? SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Neutrophils; C5a; E. coli mastitis ID COMPLEMENT FRAGMENT C5A; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IN-VIVO; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; PHAGOCYTIC-CELLS; PRIMIPAROUS COWS; INNATE IMMUNITY AB During early lactation, dairy cow are prone to developing severe mastitis in responses to intramammary Escherichia coli infections. These severe inflammatory responses have been correlated with reduced neutrophil function during the periparturient period. However, the causative mechanism of neutrophil dysfunction has not been elucidated. Studies in murine sepsis models have shown that during sepsis neutrophils are functionally paralysed due to the presence of high concentrations of complement factor 5a (C5a). In this review, we hypothesize that C5a as a critical early mediator in the development of severe E. coli mastitis. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that crosstalk between C5a and TLR4 signalling in neutrophils may provide a positive feedback mechanism that may be involved in the pathogenesis of a severe mastitis response. Finally, we focus on the therapeutic potential of disrupting the C5a signalling pathway as an important strategy for treatment of severe E. coli mastitis in dairy cattle (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stevens, Mieke G. H.; Boulougouris, Xanthippe J. A.; Capuco, Anthony V.; Burvenich, Christian] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Comparat Physiol & Biometr, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Peelman, Luc] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Nutr Genet & Ethol, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [De Spiegeleer, Bart] Univ Ghent, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Drug Qual & Registrat DruQuar Grp, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Capuco, Anthony V.] ARS, Dept Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Burvenich, C (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Comparat Physiol & Biometr, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM christian.burvenich@ugent.be RI De Spiegeleer, Bart/A-2001-2008 OI De Spiegeleer, Bart/0000-0001-6794-3108 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 149 IS 3-4 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.07.002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 020CS UT WOS:000309786900001 PM 22858435 ER PT J AU Allen, AJ Stabel, JR Robbe-Austerman, S Park, KT Palmer, MV Barrington, GM Lahmers, KK Hamilton, MJ Davis, WC AF Allen, A. J. Stabel, J. R. Robbe-Austerman, S. Park, K. T. Palmer, M. V. Barrington, G. M. Lahmers, K. K. Hamilton, Mary Jo Davis, William C. TI Depletion of CD4 T lymphocytes at the time of infection with M. avium subsp paratuberculosis does not accelerate disease progression SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD4 T lymphocytes; Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; Johne's disease; Crohn's disease; Lymphocyte depletion ID IN-VIVO DEPLETION; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; JOHNES-DISEASE; PEYERS-PATCHES; CALVES; CATTLE; CELLS; TUBERCULOSIS AB A calf model was used to determine if the depletion of CD4 T cells prior to inoculation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) would delay development of an immune response to Map and accelerate disease progression. Ileal cannulas were surgically implanted in 5 bull calves at 2 months of age. Two calves were depleted of CD4 T cells by intravenous injection of anti-bovine CD4 antibody administered 24 h prior to inoculation with Map. The two CD4-depleted calves and one non-depleted calf were inoculated via ileal cannula with 1 x 10(8) cfu live Map every 3 days for a total of 4 inoculations. Two additional calves served as non-depleted and uninfected controls. Injection with the anti-CD4 mAb reduced the frequency of CD4 T cells from a pre-depletion average of 15% to less than 1% in PBMC at 24h. However, a consistent proliferative response dominated by CD4 T cells, developed in both treated and untreated calves over the course of the 6-month study period. Recovery of Map from serial biopsies obtained from the CD4-depleted and non-depleted calves after Map infection did not differ. In addition, CD4 depletion did not increase the level of Map shed in the feces over the non-depleted animal. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Allen, A. J.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Stabel, J. R.; Palmer, M. V.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Robbe-Austerman, S.] USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Park, K. T.; Lahmers, K. K.; Hamilton, Mary Jo; Davis, William C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lahmers, K. K.] Washington State Univ, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Davis, William C.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Allen, AJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, PO 647060, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM aja@vetmed.wsu.edu OI Park, Kun Taek/0000-0001-6177-0373 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Department of Health and Human Services [N01-AI-30055]; JDIP program [2007-01019]; WSU Monoclonal Antibody Center FX Assistance of Amanda Grimm and Laura Drader during part of this investigation is acknowledged and greatly appreciated. Technical expertise by Margaret Walker and animal caretakers, Paul Amundson and Jerry Grove, are appreciated. This project has been funded in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. N01-AI-30055, the JDIP program (USDA-CSREES-NRI-CAP Award No.2007-01019), and the WSU Monoclonal Antibody Center. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 149 IS 3-4 BP 286 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.07.010 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 020CS UT WOS:000309786900016 PM 22898538 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, MR Brooks, JP Adeli, A AF McLaughlin, Michael R. Brooks, John P. Adeli, Ardeshir TI Temporal flux and spatial dynamics of nutrients, fecal indicators, and zoonotic pathogens in anaerobic swine manure lagoon water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Confined animal feeding operation (CAFO); Clostridium perfringens; Escherichia coli; Campylobacter; Listeria; Salmonella ID WASTE TREATMENT LAGOON; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; NORTH-CAROLINA; SALMONELLA; STORAGE; EFFLUENT; SURVIVAL; NITROGEN; CARBON; SLURRY AB Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) often use anaerobic lagoons for manure treatment. In the USA, swine CAFO lagoon water is used for crop irrigation that is regulated by farm-specific nutrient management plans (NMPs). Implementation of stricter US environmental regulations in 2013 will set soil P limits; impacting land applications of manure and requiring revision of NMPs. Precise knowledge of lagoon water quality is needed for formulating NMPs, for understanding losses of N and C in ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, and for understanding risks of environmental contamination by fecal bacteria, including zoonotic pathogens. In this study we determined year-round levels of nutrients and bacteria from swine CAFO lagoon water. Statistical analysis of data for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), inorganic and organic C, total N, water-soluble and total minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn) and bacteria (Escherichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and staphylococci) showed that all differed significantly by dates of collection. During the irrigation season, levels of total N decreased by half and the N:P ratio changed from 9.7 to 2.8. Some seasonal differences were correlated with temperature. Total N and inorganic C increased below 19 degrees C, and decreased above 19 degrees C, consistent with summer increases in ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions. Water-soluble Cu, Fe, and Zn increased with higher summer temperatures while enterococci and zoonotic pathogens (Campylobacter, Listeria, and Salmonella) decreased. Although their populations changed seasonally, the zoonotic pathogens were present year-round. Increasing levels of E. coli were statistically correlated with increasing pH. Differences between depths were also found. Organic C, total nutrients (C, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, N, P, and Zn) and C. perfringens were higher in deeper samples, indicating stratification of these parameters. No statistical interactions were found between collection dates and depths. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McLaughlin, Michael R.; Brooks, John P.; Adeli, Ardeshir] ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McLaughlin, MR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, 810 Hwy 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mike.mclaughlin@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 16 BP 4949 EP 4960 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.06.023 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 010LL UT WOS:000309095800006 PM 22819873 ER PT J AU VanLoocke, A Twine, TE Zeri, M Bernacchi, CJ AF VanLoocke, Andy Twine, Tracy E. Zeri, Marcelo Bernacchi, Carl J. TI A regional comparison of water use efficiency for miscanthus, switchgrass and maize SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Land use change; Miscanthus; Ecosystem services; Switchgrass; Maize ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; CLIMATE MODEL GENESIS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; TRANSFER SCHEME LSX; BIOENERGY CROPS; X GIGANTEUS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; PERENNIAL GRASSES; HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE AB The production of cellulosic feedstocks for renewable fuels will increase over the coming decades. However, it is uncertain which feedstocks will be best suited for bioenergy production. A key factor dictating feedstock selection fora given region is water use efficiency (WUE), the trade-off between evapotranspiration (ET) and carbon uptake or productivity. Using an ecosystem model, two of the top candidate cellulosic feedstocks, Miscanthus x giganteus (miscanthus) and Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) were compared to Zea mays L (maize), the existing dominant bioenergy feedstock, with 0 and 25% residue removal for the Midwest US. We determined productivity in three ways: harvested yield (HY), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and net biome productivity (NBP). Evapotranspiration was compared against each of the three productivity metrics, respectively, to yield Harvest Water Use Efficiency (HWUE), Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency (EWUE) and Biome Water Use Efficiency (BWUE). Simulations indicated that, over the study domain, miscanthus had a significantly higher HWUE compared to switchgrass and maize, while maize and switchgrass were similar. When EWUE was compared miscanthus was higher than both maize and switchgrass, which were similar for most of the region. Biome WUE was similar for both of the perennials and higher compared to maize for most of the study domain with the exception of the driest regions where maize showed the highest BWUE. Removing 25% of maize residue slightly increased HWUE and greatly decreased BWUE throughout the domain, however only HWUE changes were statistically significant. These results indicate that the feedstock with the highest WUE varied based on the productivity metric, but BWUE for maize was consistently lower than the perennials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [VanLoocke, Andy] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Twine, Tracy E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zeri, Marcelo; Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zeri, Marcelo; Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bernacchi, CJ (reprint author), 193 ERML,1201W,Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bernacch@illinois.edu RI Zeri, Marcelo/B-7701-2008; Twine, Tracy/H-2337-2013; OI Zeri, Marcelo/0000-0003-1244-0858; Twine, Tracy/0000-0002-8457-046X; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X FU Illinois Water Resources Center; Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign FX We thank Rebecca Arundale, Thomas Voigt, Christopher Rudisill, Frank Dohleman, George Hickman, Kristina Anderson-Teixeira, Michael Masters, and Dan Wang for supplying data for model validation. We also thank the Agro-IBIS community for feedback on algorithm development. Ursula M. Ruiz Vera, Mir Zaman Hussain, Nuria Gomez-Casanovas, and David Drag helped improve the manuscript. This study was funded by Illinois Water Resources Center and the Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. NR 92 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 98 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 164 BP 82 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.016 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 978TV UT WOS:000306769600009 ER PT J AU Snyder, KA Scott, RL McGwire, K AF Snyder, Keirith A. Scott, Russell L. McGwire, Kenneth TI Multiple year effects of a biological control agent (Diorhabda carinulata) on Tamarix (saltcedar) ecosystem exchanges of carbon dioxide and water SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Biological control; Invasive weeds; Remote sensing; Eddy covariance; Ecohydrology; Riparian ID WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; RIPARIAN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; VEGETATION INDEX; UNITED-STATES; SPP.; DEFOLIATION; RESTORATION; RESPIRATION AB Biological control of Tamarix spp. (saltcedar) with Diorhabda carinulata (the northern tamarisk beetle) is currently underway in several western states U.S.A. through historical releases and the natural migration of this insect. Given the widespread dispersal of this biological control agent and its many unknown consequences, this study examines a variety of ecohydrological effects of the beetle on a Tamarix invaded ecosystem in the Great Basin Desert, Nevada. Nearly four years of ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) and evapotranspiration (ET) fluxes, measured with an eddy covariance system, are examined in relation to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from Landsat imagery and on the ground measures of leaf area index (LAI) with a light attenuation instrument. We predicted that successive years of beetle herbivory should result in a trajectory of reduced ET and reduced CO2 uptake. We found that three and a half years of beetle herbivory and the resulting defoliation events produced short-term decreases in ET and C uptake. However, total ET and C fluxes over multiple growing seasons were not affected in a clear directional trajectory of reduced ET loss and reduced CO2 uptake, perhaps due to variability in beetle density. LAI and NDVI were fairly well correlated with each other and NDVI was correlated with ET during the summer months, indicating that these measures are useful for detecting beetle damage to the canopy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Snyder, Keirith A.] USDA ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [McGwire, Kenneth] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Snyder, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Keirith.Snyder@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 164 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.03.004 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 978TV UT WOS:000306769600015 ER PT J AU Siebielec, G Chaney, RL AF Siebielec, Grzegorz Chaney, Rufus L. TI Testing amendments for remediation of military range contaminated soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioaccessibility; Compost; Lead; Military range; Phytotoxicity; Zinc ID LEAD BIOAVAILABILITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SHOOTING RANGE; BIOSOLIDS; IMMOBILIZATION; CADMIUM; METALS; PB; BIOACCESSIBILITY; RECLAMATION AB Military range soils are often strongly contaminated with metals. Information on the effectiveness of remediation of these soils is scarce. We tested the effectiveness of compost and mineral treatments for remediation and revegetation of military range soil collected in Aberdeen, MD. The soil was barren due to zinc (Zn) phytotoxicity while lead (Pb) posed a substantial risk to soil biota, wildlife and humans through various pathways. Seven treatments were tested: untreated control, agricultural NPK fertilization, high phosphate fertilization plus agricultural rates of NK, CaCO3, "Orgro" biosolid compost, "Orgro" + CaCO3, "Orgro" + CaCO3 + Mn sulfate. All compost treatments alleviated Zn phytotoxicity to tall fescue; however compost combined with liming reduced plant Zn content up to 158-162 mg kg(-1). Compost added with lime reduced Pb in-vitro bioaccessibility from 32.5 to 20.4% of total Pb and was the most effective among the tested treatments. The study revealed the effectiveness of biosolids compost and lime mixture in the rapid stabilization of metals and revegetation of military range contaminated soils. The persistence of the remediation needs to be, however, confirmed in the long-term field study. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Siebielec, Grzegorz] State Res Inst, Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, PL-24100 Pulawy, Poland. [Chaney, Rufus L.] ARS, USDA, EMBUL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Siebielec, G (reprint author), State Res Inst, Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, Czartoryskich 8, PL-24100 Pulawy, Poland. EM gs@iung.pulawy.pl NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 41 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 108 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.028 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 980EK UT WOS:000306876200002 PM 22609964 ER PT J AU Asah, ST Bengston, DN Wendt, K Nelson, KC AF Asah, Stanley T. Bengston, David N. Wendt, Keith Nelson, Kristen C. TI Diagnostic reframing of intractable environmental problems: Case of a contested multiparty public land-use conflict SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Diagnostic reframing; Intractable environmental conflict; Q methodology; Consensus; Cognitive reframing; Interactional reframing ID PERSPECTIVE; METHODOLOGY; DISCOURSES; ISSUES AB Intractable conflicts are omnipresent in environmental management. These conflicts do not necessarily resist resolution but need to be fundamentally transformed in order to reach agreement. Reframing, a process that allows disputants to create new alternative understandings of the problem, is one way of transforming these conflicts. Cognitive and interactional reframing are the two major approaches to conflict transformation. These approaches have some drawbacks. Cognitive reframing does not guarantee commensurate consideration of all disputants' views about the problem. Interactional reframing is prone to inter-disputant influences that interfere with presenting the problems as accurately as they exist in disputants' minds. Inadequate consideration of other disputants' views and inter-disputant influences often lead to inaccurate problem identification and definition. This in turn leads to solving the wrong problem, enabling intractability to persist. Proper problem identification and definition requires commensurate consideration of all sides of the conflict while minimizing inter-disputant influences. From a problem diagnosis perspective, we show how Q methodology is used to reframe environmental problems, rendering them more tractable to analysis while minimizing the influence of who disputants are talking with, and without ignoring the perspectives of other disputants. Using a case of contentious All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) use in a state-administered public land, conflicting parties reframed the problem by prioritizing issues, outlining areas and levels of consensus and disagreement, and revealing inherent unrecognized and/or unspoken agendas. The reframing process surprisingly revealed several areas of common ground in disputants' diagnosis of the problem, including lack of emphasis on environmental protection and uncoordinated management factions. Emergent frames were misaligned on some issues, such as the behaviors of ATV riders and the role of management, including political and economic influences on decision making. We discuss how the reframing process enhances tractability of multiparty environmental problems. We point to some limitations of Q methodology as a tool for the diagnostic reframing of such problems. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Asah, Stanley T.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bengston, David N.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wendt, Keith] Minnesota State Dept Nat Resources, Policy Res & Planning Unit, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. [Nelson, Kristen C.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Food Agr & Nat Resources Sci, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nelson, Kristen C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Asah, ST (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM stasah@uw.edu FU Minnesota State Department of Natural Resources FX The authors are thankful to all those who participated in the interviews and Q-sorting. We thank Dennis Becker and Taylor Stein for their insightful contributions to earlier drafts of this manuscript. We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews of this manuscript. The Minnesota State Department of Natural Resources funded the study. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 108 BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.041 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 980EK UT WOS:000306876200015 PM 22705762 ER PT J AU Du, WX Avena-Bustillos, RJ Breksa, AP McHugh, TH AF Du, Wen-Xian Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Breksa, Andrew P., III McHugh, Tara H. TI Effect of UV-B light and different cutting styles on antioxidant enhancement of commercial fresh-cut carrot products SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ultraviolet light; Fresh-cut carrots; Total soluble phenolics; Antioxidant capacity ID AMMONIA-LYASE ACTIVITY; PHENOLIC CONTENT; SENSORY QUALITY; WASHING TREATMENT; SHREDDED CARROTS; DAUCUS-CAROTA; STORAGE; METABOLISM; FLAVONOIDS; VEGETABLES AB Wounding stresses resulting from fresh-cut processing are known to enhance the antioxidant capacity (AC) of carrots by increasing the synthesis of phenolic compounds. Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light exposure further promotes the formation of phenolic compounds. Changes in total soluble phenolics (TSP), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), total carotenoids, AC, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity of five commercial fresh-cut carrot products (baby carrots, carrot stixx, shredded carrots, crinkle cut coins, and oblong chips) were evaluated after exposure to UV-B dosage at 141.4 mJ/cm(2). Significant increases in TSP, AC and 5-CQA levels were observed for each sample following UV-B exposure. Increases in PAL activity were also observed in all carrot products, except crinkle cut coins. Total carotenoids of the carrot products were unchanged by UV-B exposure. Increases in AC levels corresponded directly with increases in the area/weight ratio (exposure area) of the fresh-cut carrot products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Du, Wen-Xian; Breksa, Andrew P., III; McHugh, Tara H.] ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Du, WX (reprint author), ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Wen-Xian.Du@ars.usda.gov; Roberto.Avena@ars.usda.gov; Andrew.Breksa@ars.usda.gov; Tara.Mchugh@ars.usda.gov FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-65503-05811] FX This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Grant 2009-65503-05811 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Grimmway Farms kindly provided the different carrot products used in this study. Thanks to Brian Cain, Bumjeun Kim, Patrick Sayegh for assistance with the HPLC, TSP, AC, PAL activity, and total carotenoid content analysis. We also would like to thank Rebecca R. Milczarek and Bradley Hemlem for their careful reading of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1862 EP 1869 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.097 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 966TH UT WOS:000305859800021 PM 23442631 ER PT J AU Kennedy, CD Bataille, C Liu, ZF Ale, S VanDeVelde, J Roswell, CR Bowling, LC Bowen, GJ AF Kennedy, Casey D. Bataille, Clement Liu, Zhongfang Ale, Srinivasulu VanDeVelde, Justin Roswell, Charles R. Bowling, Laura C. Bowen, Gabriel J. TI Dynamics of nitrate and chloride during storm events in agricultural catchments with different subsurface drainage intensity (Indiana, USA) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Stable isotopes; Hydrograph separation; Storm; Tile drainage; Agriculture ID TILE DRAINAGE; HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; NITROGEN LOSSES; FORESTED CATCHMENT; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CONTINUOUS CORN; STREAM NITRATE; SURFACE WATERS; MASS-BALANCE AB Drainage tiles buried beneath many naturally poorly drained agricultural fields in the Midwestern U.S. are believed to "short circuit" pools of NO3--laden soil water and shallow groundwater directly into streams that eventually discharge to the Mississippi River. Although much is known about the mechanisms controlling this regionally pervasive practice of artificial drainage at the field-plot scale, an integrative assessment of the effect of drainage density (i.e., the number of tile drains per unit area) on the transport of nutrients and solutes in streams at the catchment scale is lacking. In this study, we quantified the flux and hydrological pathways of agricultural NO3- and road-salt Cl- from catchments lying within the Wabash River Basin, a major source of NO3- to the Mississippi River. The paired catchments differ primarily in drainage density (70% vs. 31%, by catchment area), with essentially all other agricultural management, land use, and soil drainage characteristics remaining equal. Our study revealed two significant hydrological responses to increased drainage density: (1) more near-surface storm event water (dilute in both NO3- and Cl-) was transported early in the storm and (2) higher transport of Cl--laden pre-event soil water relative to shallow groundwater elevated in NO3- occurred later in the storm. These patterns are consistent with a proposed conceptual model in which increased drainage density results in (1) greater transport of soil water to streams and (2) a delayed rise in the water table. With respect to nutrient management implications, these results indicate that increased drainage density impacts subsurface pools of Cl- and NO3- differently, a finding that we propose is linked to soil/ground water dynamics in artificially drained agricultural catchments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kennedy, Casey D.; Bataille, Clement; Liu, Zhongfang; Ale, Srinivasulu; VanDeVelde, Justin; Roswell, Charles R.; Bowling, Laura C.; Bowen, Gabriel J.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, E Wareham, MA 02538 USA. RP Kennedy, CD (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, 1 State Bog Rd,POB 569, E Wareham, MA 02538 USA. EM casey.kennedy@ars.usda.gov RI bataille, clement/K-1063-2012; Bowling, Laura/B-6963-2013; Bowen, Gabriel/C-1708-2008 OI Bowling, Laura/0000-0002-1439-3154; FU Showalter Research Trust; Purdue University FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Showalter Research Trust and from Purdue University. The associated editor and anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 83 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 12 PY 2012 VL 466 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 022UG UT WOS:000309988700001 ER PT J AU Connorton, JM Webster, RE Cheng, NH Pittman, JK AF Connorton, James M. Webster, Rachel E. Cheng, Ninghui Pittman, Jon K. TI Knockout of Multiple Arabidopsis Cation/H+ Exchangers Suggests Isoform-Specific Roles in Metal Stress Response, Germination and Seed Mineral Nutrition SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ION HOMEOSTASIS; SALT TOLERANCE; VACUOLAR TRANSPORTERS; MANGANESE TRANSPORT; CALCIUM SENSOR; PROTEIN-KINASE; H+-ATPASE; CAX1; EXPRESSION; PLANTS AB Cation/H+ exchangers encoded by CAX genes play an important role in the vacuolar accumulation of metals including Ca2+ and Mn2+. Arabidopsis thaliana CAX1 and CAX3 have been previously shown to differ phylogenetically from CAX2 but the physiological roles of these different transporters are still unclear. To examine the functions and the potential of redundancy between these three cation transporters, cax1/cax2 and cax2/cax3 double knockout mutants were generated and compared with wild type and cax single knockouts. These double mutants had equivalent metal stress responses to single cax mutants. Both cax1 and cax1/cax2 had increased tolerance to Mg stress, while cax2 and cax2/cax3 both had increased sensitivity to Mn stress. The cax1/cax2 and cax2/cax3 mutants did not exhibit the deleterious developmental phenotypes previously seen with the cax1/cax3 mutant. However, these new double mutants did show alterations in seed germination, specifically a delay in germination time. These alterations correlated with changes in nutrient content within the seeds of the mutants, particularly the cax1/cax2 mutant which had significantly higher seed content of Ca and Mn. This study indicates that the presence of these Arabidopsis CAX transporters is important for normal germination and infers a role for CAX proteins in metal homeostasis within the seed. C1 [Connorton, James M.; Webster, Rachel E.; Pittman, Jon K.] Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Cheng, Ninghui] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Pittman, JK (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. EM Jon.Pittman@manchester.ac.uk OI Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) David Phillips Fellowship grant [BB/B502152/1]; United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [6250-51000-055] FX This work was supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) David Phillips Fellowship grant (BB/B502152/1) to J.K.P., a BBSRC PhD studentship for J.M.C., and funding from The United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperation Agreement 6250-51000-055 to N.C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 12 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47455 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047455 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 020LH UT WOS:000309809500050 PM 23071810 ER PT J AU Lv, J Qi, JJ Shi, QX Shen, D Zhang, SP Shao, GJ Li, H Sun, ZY Weng, YQ Shang, Y Gu, XF Li, XX Zhu, XG Zhang, JZ van Treuren, R van Dooijeweert, W Zhang, ZH Huang, SW AF Lv, Jing Qi, Jianjian Shi, Qiuxiang Shen, Di Zhang, Shengping Shao, Guangjin Li, Hang Sun, Zhanyong Weng, Yiqun Shang, Yi Gu, Xingfang Li, Xixiang Zhu, Xiaoguo Zhang, Jinzhe van Treuren, Robbert van Dooijeweert, Willem Zhang, Zhonghua Huang, Sanwen TI Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENOME; GERMPLASM; MAP AB Knowing the extent and structure of genetic variation in germplasm collections is essential for the conservation and utilization of biodiversity in cultivated plants. Cucumber is the fourth most important vegetable crop worldwide and is a model system for other Cucurbitaceae, a family that also includes melon, watermelon, pumpkin and squash. Previous isozyme studies revealed a low genetic diversity in cucumber, but detailed insights into the crop's genetic structure and diversity are largely missing. We have fingerprinted 3,342 accessions from the Chinese, Dutch and U. S. cucumber collections with 23 highly polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers evenly distributed in the genome. The data reveal three distinct populations, largely corresponding to three geographic regions. Population 1 corresponds to germplasm from China, except for the unique semi-wild landraces found in Xishuangbanna in Southwest China and East Asia; population 2 to Europe, America, and Central and West Asia; and population 3 to India and Xishuangbanna. Admixtures were also detected, reflecting hybridization and migration events between the populations. The genetic background of the Indian germplasm is heterogeneous, indicating that the Indian cucumbers maintain a large proportion of the genetic diversity and that only a small fraction was introduced to other parts of the world. Subsequently, we defined a core collection consisting of 115 accessions and capturing over 77% of the SSR alleles. Insight into the genetic structure of cucumber will help developing appropriate conservation strategies and provides a basis for population-level genome sequencing in cucumber. C1 [Lv, Jing; Qi, Jianjian; Shi, Qiuxiang; Shen, Di; Zhang, Shengping; Shao, Guangjin; Shang, Yi; Gu, Xingfang; Li, Xixiang; Zhu, Xiaoguo; Zhang, Jinzhe; Zhang, Zhonghua; Huang, Sanwen] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Opening Lab Genet Improvement Agr Crops, Sino Dutch Joint Lab Hort Genom, Inst Vegetables & Flowers,Minist Agr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Li, Hang] Middlebury Coll, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Li, Hang] Renmin Univ China, High Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Sun, Zhanyong] EW Seed Int Ltd, Nanning, Guangxi, Peoples R China. [Weng, Yiqun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA,ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [van Treuren, Robbert; van Dooijeweert, Willem] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Ctr Genet Resources, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Huang, SW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Opening Lab Genet Improvement Agr Crops, Sino Dutch Joint Lab Hort Genom, Inst Vegetables & Flowers,Minist Agr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM huangsanwen@caas.net.cn FU National Program on Key Basic Research Projects in China (The 973 Program) [2012CB113900]; National High Tech Research Development Program in China (The 863 Program) [2010AA10A108]; Chinese Ministry of Finance [1251610601001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31071797]; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences FX This study is supported by National Program on Key Basic Research Projects in China (The 973 Program: 2012CB113900), National High Tech Research Development Program in China (The 863 Program: 2010AA10A108), Chinese Ministry of Finance (1251610601001), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071797) and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (seed grant to Sanwen Huang). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 66 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 12 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e46919 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0046919 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 020LH UT WOS:000309809500022 PM 23071663 ER PT J AU Cunha, CW Gailbreath, KL O'Toole, D Knowles, DP Schneider, DA White, SN Taus, NS Davies, CJ Davis, WC Li, H AF Cunha, Cristina W. Gailbreath, Katherine L. O'Toole, Donal Knowles, Donald P. Schneider, David A. White, Stephen N. Taus, Naomi S. Davies, Christopher J. Davis, William C. Li, Hong TI Ovine herpesvirus 2 infection in American bison: virus and host dynamics in the development of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ovine herpesvirus 2; Malignant catarrhal fever; Bison ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NASAL SECRETIONS; GENE-EXPRESSION; REPLICATION; CATTLE; LYMPHOCYTES; CELLS; PCR; PATHOGENESIS; ANTIBODY AB Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is a gammaherpesvirus that causes sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), a frequently fatal disease mainly of ruminants. This study was designed to define virus-host dynamics following experimental OvHV-2 infection in bison. A transient peak in viral DNA accompanied by the presence of OvHV-2 ORF25, ORF50 and ORF73 transcripts was observed in lungs only from 9 to 12 days postinoculation (DPI), suggesting occurrence of viral replication. This initial viral replication was associated with only a subtle increase in transcription of inflammation related genes in lungs and tracheal bronchial lymph nodes, while the level of expression of the majority of immune genes measured remained comparable to uninfected animals. Increasing viral load was observed in the blood and peripheral tissues at 16 and 21 DPI, respectively, indicating systemic viral dissemination. Clinical signs of MCF were observed between 28 and 35 DPI and the severity of lesions increased as disease progressed. Lesion scores were positively correlated with expression levels of ORF25, suggesting a contribution of viral replication in the pathogenesis of SA-MCF. Viral transcripts were observed in all tissues examined from 23 DPI to the end of the experiment at 35 DPI and expression levels of ORF25 were significantly higher in clinically infected animals as compared to pre-clinical stage. The data from this study provide a predictable viral-host interaction time course to test hypotheses concerning disease pathogenesis as well as mitigation of SA-MCF in susceptible species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cunha, Cristina W.; Gailbreath, Katherine L.; Knowles, Donald P.; Schneider, David A.; White, Stephen N.; Taus, Naomi S.; Li, Hong] WSU, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Gailbreath, Katherine L.; Knowles, Donald P.; White, Stephen N.; Davis, William C.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [O'Toole, Donal] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Davies, Christopher J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Davies, Christopher J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biosyst, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cunha, CW (reprint author), WSU, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM cwcunha@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010; OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731; White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 FU USDA-ARS [CWU 534832000-032-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS CWU 534832000-032-00D. The authors thank Shirley Elias, Janice Keller, Lori Fuller, and Huijun Van for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Danielle Nelson, Dr. Anthony Nicola and the late Dr. Lindsay Oaks for helpful discussions. We also thank Rod Rodger and the faculty, staff and graduate students at the Wyoming Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for quality animal care and assistance with necropsies. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT 12 PY 2012 VL 159 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.04.021 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 013OZ UT WOS:000309316000005 PM 22592216 ER PT J AU Li, H Brooking, A Cunha, CW Highland, MA O'Toole, D Knowles, DP Taus, NS AF Li, Hong Brooking, Angela Cunha, Cristina W. Highland, Margaret A. O'Toole, Donal Knowles, Donald P. Taus, Naomi S. TI Experimental induction of malignant catarrhal fever in pigs with ovine herpesvirus 2 by intranasal nebulization SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ovine herpesvirus 2; Malignant catarrhal fever; Pigs; Experimental infection ID SHEEP NASAL SECRETIONS; INFECTED SHEEP; CATTLE; BISON; PCR AB Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), a frequently fatal herpesviral disease primarily of ruminant species, has been sporadically reported in pigs. All cases of naturally occurring porcine MCF reported to date have been linked to ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), a gammaherpesvirus in the genus Macavirus carried by sheep. Experimental induction of MCF by aerosolization of the virus in nasal secretions collected from infected sheep has been successful in bison, cattle and rabbits. The goals of this study were to determine the susceptibility of pigs to MCF following experimental intranasal inoculation of OvHV-2, and to characterize the disease. Twelve pigs in four groups were nebulized with 10(5), 10(6), 10(7), or 10(8) DNA copies of OvHV-2 from sheep nasal secretions. Three control pigs were nebulized with nasal secretions from uninfected sheep. Three additional pigs were inoculated intravenously with 10(7) DNA copies of OvHV-2 to evaluate this route of infection with cell-free virus. Seven of twelve intranasally challenged pigs became infected with OvHV-2. Five of these seven, all in higher dose groups, developed MCF. Lesions resembled those reported in natural cases of porcine MCF. The most striking and consistent histological lesions were in trachea, lung, kidney and brain. These comprised mucopurulent tracheitis, interstitial pneumonia, necrotizing arteritis-periarteritis, and nonpurulent meningoencephalitis. No infection was established in the intravenously challenged or control groups. The study showed that MCF can be experimentally induced in pigs by aerosol challenge using sheep nasal secretions containing OvHV-2. Domestic pigs are a natural clinically susceptible host for sheep-associated MCF. They represent a useful, cost-effective model for MCF research. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, Hong; Cunha, Cristina W.; Highland, Margaret A.; Knowles, Donald P.; Taus, Naomi S.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Li, Hong; Brooking, Angela; Highland, Margaret A.; Knowles, Donald P.; Taus, Naomi S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [O'Toole, Donal] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Vet Diagnost Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hli@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS CWU [5348-32000-032-00D]; CMV Veterinary Summer Research Fellowships FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS CWU 5348-32000-032-00D and by the CMV 2011 Veterinary Summer Research Fellowships. The authors thank Mingxia Fan, Shirley Elias and Jan Keller for excellent technical assistance, and Drs. Donna Lewis and Nina Woodford for valuable help in bleeding pigs. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT 12 PY 2012 VL 159 IS 3-4 BP 485 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.04.016 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 013OZ UT WOS:000309316000028 PM 22560763 ER PT J AU Bolten, JD Crow, WT AF Bolten, J. D. Crow, W. T. TI Improved prediction of quasi-global vegetation conditions using remotely-sensed surface soil moisture SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMSR-E; RETRIEVAL; MISSION; INDEXES AB The added value of satellite-based surface soil moisture retrievals for agricultural drought monitoring is assessed by calculating the lagged rank correlation between remotely-sensed vegetation indices (VI) and soil moisture estimates obtained both before and after the assimilation of surface soil moisture retrievals derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) into a soil water balance model. Higher soil moisture/VI lag correlations imply an enhanced ability to predict future vegetation conditions using estimates of current soil moisture. Results demonstrate that the assimilation of AMSR-E surface soil moisture retrievals substantially improve the performance of a global drought monitoring system - particularly in sparsely-instrumented areas of the world where high-quality rainfall observations are unavailable. Citation: Bolten, J. D., and W. T. Crow (2012), Improved prediction of quasi-global vegetation conditions using remotely-sensed surface soil moisture, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19406, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053470. C1 [Bolten, J. D.] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20705 USA. [Crow, W. T.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bolten, JD (reprint author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20705 USA. EM john.bolten@nasa.gov FU NASA Applied Sciences Program FX Research was funded by a grant from the NASA Applied Sciences Program. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L19406 DI 10.1029/2012GL053470 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 020TK UT WOS:000309837300005 ER PT J AU Fomovska, A Wood, RD Mui, E Dubey, JP Ferreira, LR Hickman, MR Lee, PJ Leed, SE Auschwitz, JM Welsh, WJ Sommerville, C Woods, S Roberts, C McLeod, R AF Fomovska, Alina Wood, Richard D. Mui, Ernest Dubey, Jitenter P. Ferreira, Leandra R. Hickman, Mark R. Lee, Patricia J. Leed, Susan E. Auschwitz, Jennifer M. Welsh, William J. Sommerville, Caroline Woods, Stuart Roberts, Craig McLeod, Rima TI Salicylanilide Inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; MECHANISM; OOCYSTS AB Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an apicomplexan parasite that can cause eye disease, brain disease, and death, especially in congenitally infected and immune-compromised people. Novel medicines effective against both active and latent forms of the parasite are greatly needed. The current study focused on the discovery of such medicines by exploring a family of potential inhibitors whose antiapicomplexan activity has not been previously reported. Initial screening efforts revealed that niclosamide, a drug approved for anthelmintic use, possessed promising activity in vitro against T. gondii. This observation inspired the evaluation of the activity of a series of salicylanilides and derivatives. Several inhibitors with activities in the nanomolar range with no appreciable in vitro toxicity to human cells were identified. An initial structure activity relationship was explored. Four compounds were selected for evaluation in an in vivo model of infection, and two derivatives with potentially enhanced pharmacological parameters demonstrated the best activity profiles. C1 [Fomovska, Alina; Mui, Ernest; McLeod, Rima] Univ Chicago, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Comm Genet, Inst Genom & Syst Biol,The Coll, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Fomovska, Alina; Mui, Ernest; McLeod, Rima] Univ Chicago, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Comm Immunol, Inst Genom & Syst Biol,The Coll, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Fomovska, Alina; Mui, Ernest; McLeod, Rima] Univ Chicago, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Comm Mol Med, Inst Genom & Syst Biol,The Coll, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wood, Richard D.; Welsh, William J.] Snowdon Inc, Monmouth Jct, NJ USA. [Dubey, Jitenter P.; Ferreira, Leandra R.] ARS, USDA, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hickman, Mark R.; Lee, Patricia J.; Leed, Susan E.; Auschwitz, Jennifer M.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Discovery, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Welsh, William J.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sommerville, Caroline; Woods, Stuart; Roberts, Craig] Strathclyde Inst Pharm & Biomed Sci, Glasgow G4 0RE, Lanark, Scotland. RP McLeod, R (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Comm Genet, Inst Genom & Syst Biol,The Coll, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM rwood@snowdonpharma.com; welshwj@umdnj.edu; rmcleod@midway.uchicago.edu RI Roberts, Craig/B-8016-2008 OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-0653-835X FU NIAID-AT-SBIR [1R43AI078763-01A1]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R43AI078763] FX We thank Dr. Laura Knoll (University of Wisconsin) for providing the plasmid pLK47 construct used generate insertional mutants, Kristen Wroblewski for assistance in statistical analyses of in vivo studies, Daniel Lee for assistance with preparation of the manuscript, Dr. Kaipeen Yang (Snowdon, Inc.) for expert technical assistance in the synthesis of test compounds, and Boris Streipen (University of Georgia) for providing RH-YFP parasites. This work was supported by NIAID-AT-SBIR 1R43AI078763-01A1 and by gifts from the Mann and Cornwell, Taub, Rooney-Alden, Engel, Pritzker, Harris, Zucker, Morel, Samuel, and Mussilami families. We thank K. Wroblewski for assistance with statistical analyses.; The project described was supported by award no. R43AI078763 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases or the National Institutes of Health. The opinions of researchers at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research are their own and do not reflect the views of the U.S. Army or the Department of Defense. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD OCT 11 PY 2012 VL 55 IS 19 BP 8375 EP 8391 DI 10.1021/jm3007596 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 018ES UT WOS:000309643500016 PM 22970937 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Hill, JD Chase, CA Johanns, AM Liebman, M AF Davis, Adam S. Hill, Jason D. Chase, Craig A. Johanns, Ann M. Liebman, Matt TI Increasing Cropping System Diversity Balances Productivity, Profitability and Environmental Health SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT; AGRICULTURE; HERBICIDES; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGE; ROTATIONS; MATTER AB Balancing productivity, profitability, and environmental health is a key challenge for agricultural sustainability. Most crop production systems in the United States are characterized by low species and management diversity, high use of fossil energy and agrichemicals, and large negative impacts on the environment. We hypothesized that cropping system diversification would promote ecosystem services that would supplement, and eventually displace, synthetic external inputs used to maintain crop productivity. To test this, we conducted a field study from 2003-2011 in Iowa that included three contrasting systems varying in length of crop sequence and inputs. We compared a conventionally managed 2-yr rotation (maize-soybean) that received fertilizers and herbicides at rates comparable to those used on nearby farms with two more diverse cropping systems: a 3-yr rotation (maize-soybean-small grain + red clover) and a 4-yr rotation (maize-soybean-small grain + alfalfa-alfalfa) managed with lower synthetic N fertilizer and herbicide inputs and periodic applications of cattle manure. Grain yields, mass of harvested products, and profit in the more diverse systems were similar to, or greater than, those in the conventional system, despite reductions of agrichemical inputs. Weeds were suppressed effectively in all systems, but freshwater toxicity of the more diverse systems was two orders of magnitude lower than in the conventional system. Results of our study indicate that more diverse cropping systems can use small amounts of synthetic agrichemical inputs as powerful tools with which to tune, rather than drive, agroecosystem performance, while meeting or exceeding the performance of less diverse systems. C1 [Davis, Adam S.] ARS, USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. [Hill, Jason D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chase, Craig A.] Iowa State Univ, Leopold Ctr Sustainable Agr, Ames, IA USA. [Johanns, Ann M.] Iowa State Univ Extens & Outreach, Dept Econ, Osage, IA USA. [Liebman, Matt] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. EM adam.davis@ars.usda.gov RI Hill, Jason/A-8919-2008 OI Hill, Jason/0000-0001-7609-6713 FU US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2002-35320-12175, 2006-3532016548]; Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture [2004-E06, 2007-E09, 2010-E02]; Iowa Soybean Association; Organic Center FX Funding for the study was provided by the US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative (Projects 2002-35320-12175 and 2006-3532016548), the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture (Projects 2004-E06, 2007-E09, and 2010-E02), the Iowa Soybean Association, and the Organic Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 21 U2 175 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47149 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047149 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 054ZU UT WOS:000312385200085 PM 23071739 ER PT J AU Meikle, WG Diaz, R AF Meikle, W. G. Diaz, R. TI Factors affecting pupation success of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diet; pupal stage; soil depth; temperature ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; COLEOPTERA NITIDULIDAE; TEMPERATURE; SOIL; OVIPOSITION AB Survivorship of larvae of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), was measured after they were raised on one of six diets. The effects of container shape (wide and shallow vs. narrow and deep), soil depth (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 cm), and temperature (28 degrees, 32 degrees, or 35 degrees C) on pupation success was measured. Diet influenced larval survivorship, but did not have a strong effect on larval weight. The larvae fed only bee brood survived the shortest period of time. The larvae that were denied pupation substrate, fed only honey and pollen, and no other food or water after 20 days, had a median survivorship of 47.6 days, with a maximum of 61 days, while those fed only brood had a median survivorship of 18.2 days. Pupation substrate was essential for successful pupation, and the depth of the substrate, not its top surface area, was the crucial factor. Pupation success in narrow and deep containers was 95.6% on average, but only 12.5% in wide and shallow containers, using the same soil volume. In narrow and deep containers, most or all larvae kept in 4-8 cm of soil pupated at all temperatures, few larvae kept at 2 cm soil depth pupated, one out of 240 kept at 1.0 cm pupated, and no larvae kept at soil depths of 0 or 0.5 cm pupated. C1 [Meikle, W. G.; Diaz, R.] ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Meikle, WG (reprint author), ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM william.meikle@ars.usda.gov; ruthdiaz80@gmail.com NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 118 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 022WC UT WOS:000309993900002 PM 23451773 ER PT J AU Salter, CE O'Donnell, K Sutton, DA Marancik, DP Knowles, S Clauss, TM Berliner, AL Camus, AC AF Salter, Caroline E. O'Donnell, Kerry Sutton, Deanna A. Marancik, David P. Knowles, Susan Clauss, Tonya M. Berliner, Aimee L. Camus, Alvin C. TI Dermatitis and systemic mycosis in lined seahorses Hippocampus erectus associated with a marine-adapted Fusarium solani species complex pathogen SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Seahorse; Fusarium; Mycosis; Histopathology; DNA typing; Phylogenetic analysis ID VITRO ANTIFUNGAL RESISTANCE; DNA-SEQUENCE DATABASE; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLE; CARETTA-CARETTA; SYNGNATHIDAE; INFECTIONS; SEADRAGONS; EXOPHIALA; BIOLOGY AB During a 4 mo epizootic, 100% of 152 lined seahorses Hippocampus erectus in 3 separate groups died while in quarantine following shipment to a public aquarium. Twelve animals with skin depigmentation and ulceration were received by the Aquatic Pathology Service, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA, for diagnostic evaluation. Microscopically, lesions in 11 seahorses included multifocal epithelial necrosis and ulceration associated with 2 to 7 mu m diameter, branching, septate fungal hyphae, typically accompanied by deeper infiltration into underlying skeletal muscle. Angioinvasion, with vascular thrombosis and tissue infarction, was a prominent feature in multiple animals. Fungal invasion of one or more internal organs was observed in 4 animals. Hyphae appeared to course freely through tissues and elicited little or no inflammatory response. Fusariosis has been reported sporadically in fish and other aquatic organisms, but identification has often been limited to the genus level based solely on morphologic features. Morphologic characteristics of the fungus isolated from this case were consistent with the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), which includes over 50 members that can only be identified definitively using DNA sequence data. A 3-locus typing scheme identified the isolate as a distinct species/haplotype, designated FSSC 12-a, belonging to a specific lineage that appears adapted to aquatic environments and disease in marine animals. Empirical treatment with itraconazole failed to stop mortalities, and subsequent in vitro antifungal susceptibility data explained a lack of clinical efficacy for this agent. Effective treatment in human medicine has similarly been limited by poor susceptibility to several classes of antifungal compounds. C1 [Salter, Caroline E.; Marancik, David P.; Knowles, Susan; Camus, Alvin C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [O'Donnell, Kerry] USDA ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Clauss, Tonya M.; Berliner, Aimee L.] Georgia Aquarium Inc, Dept Vet Serv, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. RP Camus, AC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM camus@uga.edu OI Knowles, Susan/0000-0002-0254-6491 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.3354/dao02506 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 018XL UT WOS:000309701100003 PM 23047188 ER PT J AU Costanza, JK Hulcr, J Koch, FH Earnhardt, T McKerrow, AJ Dunn, RR Collazo, JA AF Costanza, Jennifer K. Hulcr, Jiri Koch, Frank H. Earnhardt, Todd McKerrow, Alexa J. Dunn, Rob R. Collazo, Jaime A. TI Simulating the effects of the southern pine beetle on regional dynamics 60 years into the future SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Forest thinning; Southern pine beetle prevention; Southern pine beetle risk; State-and-transition simulation model; TELSA; VDDT ID DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LAND MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; BARK BEETLES; OUTBREAKS; MODEL; INFESTATIONS; PROBABILITY AB We developed a spatially explicit model that simulated future southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis, SPB) dynamics and pine forest management for a real landscape over 60 years to inform regional forest management. The SPB has a considerable effect on forest dynamics in the Southeastern United States, especially in labially pine (Pinus taeda) stands that are managed for timber production. Regional outbreaks of SPB occur in bursts resulting in elimination of entire stands and major economic loss. These outbreaks are often interspersed with decades of inactivity, making long-term modeling of SPB dynamics challenging. Forest management techniques, including thinning, have proven effective and are often recommended as a way to prevent SPB attack, yet the robustness of current management practices to long-term SPB dynamics has not been examined. We used data from previously documented SPB infestations and forest inventory data to model four scenarios of SPB dynamics and pine forest management. We incorporated two levels of beetle pressure: a background low level, and a higher level in which SPB had the potential to spread among pine stands. For each level of beetle pressure, we modeled two scenarios of forest management: one assuming forests would be managed continuously via thinning, and one with a reduction in thinning. For our study area in Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, we found that beetle pressure and forest management both influenced the landscape effects of SPB. Under increased SPB pressure, even with continuous management, the area of pine forests affected across the region was six times greater than under baseline SPB levels. However, under high SPB pressure, continuous management decreased the area affected by nearly half compared with reduced management. By incorporating a range of forest and SPB dynamics over long time scales, our results extend previous modeling studies, and inform forest managers and policy-makers about the potential future effects of SPB. Our model can also be used to investigate the effects of additional scenarios on SPB dynamics, such as alternative management or climate change. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Costanza, Jennifer K.; Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol,David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Koch, Frank H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [McKerrow, Alexa J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Core Sci Syst, Biodivers & Spatial Informat Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hulcr, Jiri] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Costanza, JK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol,David Clark Labs, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jennifer_costanza@ncsu.edu RI Dunn, Robert/B-1360-2013; OI Costanza, Jennifer/0000-0002-3747-538X; Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 FU USGS FX This project was funded by the USGS's Gap Analysis Program and Southeast Regional Assessment Project. We thank W.D. Smith, U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station, for assistance with the Forest Inventory and Analysis database. We thank L. Frid, ESSA Technologies Ltd., for help with TELSA software and simulations. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 244 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.06.037 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 005DN UT WOS:000308730800010 ER PT J AU Lu, ZC Zhang, JQ Huang, CJM Go, YY Faaberg, KS Rowland, RRR Timoney, PJ Balasuriya, UBR AF Lu, Zhengchun Zhang, Jianqiang Huang, Chengjin M. Go, Young Yun Faaberg, Kay S. Rowland, Raymond R. R. Timoney, Peter J. Balasuriya, Udeni B. R. TI Chimeric viruses containing the N-terminal ectodomains of GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus do not change the cellular tropism of equine arteritis virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ectodomain; GP5 protein; M protein; EAV; Cell tropism ID MAJOR ENVELOPE PROTEINS; INFECTIOUS CDNA-CLONE; NEUTRALIZATION EPITOPE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; REPLICON PARTICLES; MONOLAYER CULTURES; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION AB Equine arteritis virus (EAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are members of family Arteriviridae; they are highly species specific and differ significantly in cellular tropism in cultured cells. In this study we examined the role of the two major envelope proteins (GP5 and M) of EAV and PRRSV in determining their cellular tropism. We generated three viable EAV/PRRSV chimeric viruses by swapping the N-terminal ectodomains of these two proteins from PRRSV IA1107 strain into an infectious cDNA clone of EAV (rMLVB4/5 GP5ecto, rMLVB4/5/6 Mecto and rMLVB4/5/6 GP5&Mecto). The three chimeric viruses could only infect EAV susceptible cell lines but not PRRSV susceptible cells in culture. Therefore, these data unequivocally demonstrate that the ectodomains of GP5 and M are not the major determinants of cellular tropism, further supporting the recent findings that the minor envelope proteins are the critical proteins in mediating cellular tropism (Tian et al., 2012). (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Zhengchun; Zhang, Jianqiang; Go, Young Yun; Timoney, Peter J.; Balasuriya, Udeni B. R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Maxwell H Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Huang, Chengjin M.] Ft Dodge Anim Hlth, Ft Dodge, IA 50501 USA. [Faaberg, Kay S.] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Rowland, Raymond R. R.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Balasuriya, UBR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Maxwell H Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM ubalasuriya@uky.edu FU Pfizer Animal Health Inc, Kalamazoo, MI; College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky FX The authors are grateful to Fort Dodge Animal Health Laboratories, Fort Dodge, IA (now Pfizer Animal Health Inc, Kalamazoo, MI), for providing the financial support. This study was also supported by gifts and contracts to Dr. Udeni Balasuriya at the Gluck Equine Research Center and intramural funds from the College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 432 IS 1 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2012.05.022 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 982FB UT WOS:000307027100012 PM 22739441 ER PT J AU Shen, LR Liu, DD Li, ML Jin, F Din, MH Parnell, LD Lai, CQ AF Shen, Lirong Liu, Dandan Li, Meilu Jin, Feng Din, Meihui Parnell, Laurence D. Lai, Chao-Qiang TI Mechanism of Action of Recombinant Acc-Royalisin from Royal Jelly of Asian Honeybee against Gram-Positive Bacteria SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; EXPRESSION SYSTEMS; APIS-MELLIFERA; DEFENSIN; GENE; PROTEIN; CELLS AB The antibacterial activity of royalisin, an antimicrobial peptide from the royal jelly produced by honeybees, has been addressed extensively. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, a recombinant royalisin, RAcc-royalisin from the royal jelly of Asian honeybee Apis cerana cerana, was expressed by fusing with glutathione S-transferase (GST) in Escherichia coli BL21, isolated and purified. The agar dilution assays with inhibition zone showed that RAcc-royalisin, similar to nisin, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial activity of RAcc-royalisin was associated with its concentration, and was weakened by heat treatment ranging from 55 degrees C to 85 degrees C for 15 min. Both RAcc-royalisin and nisin exhibited the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 62.5 mu g/ml, 125 mu g/ml, and 250 mu g/ml against Gram-positive bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus flavus and Staphyloccocus aureus in the microplate assay, respectively. However, RAcc-royalisin did not show antimicrobial activity against tested Gram-negative bacterial and fungal strains. The antibacterial activity of RAcc-royalisin agrees well with the decrease in bacterial cell hydrophobicity, the leakage of 260-nm absorbing materials, and the observation by transmission electron microscopy, all indicating that RAcc-royalisin induced the disruption and dysfunction of cell walls and membranes. This is the first report detailing the antibacterial mechanism of royalisin against Gram-positive bacteria, and provides insight into the application of recombinant royalisin in food and pharmaceutical industries as an antimicrobial agent. C1 [Shen, Lirong; Liu, Dandan; Li, Meilu; Jin, Feng; Din, Meihui] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Sch Biosyst Engn & Food Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Parnell, Laurence D.; Lai, Chao-Qiang] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shen, LR (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Sch Biosyst Engn & Food Sci, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM shenlirong@zju.edu.cn FU Scientific and Technical Programs of Zhejiang [2011C22029]; Scientific and Technical Programs of Hangzhou [20110232B52]; National program (863) of High-Technology Research and Development from The Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2007AA10Z324] FX This work was supported by Scientific and Technical Programs of Zhejiang (No. 2011C22029) (http://www.zjkjt.gov.cn/); Scientific and Technical Programs of Hangzhou (No. 20110232B52) (http://www.hznet.com.cn/); and National program (863) of High-Technology Research and Development from The Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2007AA10Z324) (http://www.most.gov.cn/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 9 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47194 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047194 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 021MR UT WOS:000309889400064 PM 23056609 ER PT J AU Zhu, LL Cao, J Sun, M Yuen, T Zhou, R Li, JH Peng, YZ Moonga, SS Guo, LD Mechanick, JI Iqbal, J Peng, L Blair, HC Bian, ZA Zaidi, M AF Zhu, Ling-Ling Cao, Jay Sun, Merry Yuen, Tony Zhou, Raymond Li, Jianhua Peng, Yuanzhen Moonga, Surinder S. Guo, Lida Mechanick, Jeffrey I. Iqbal, Jameel Peng, Liu Blair, Harry C. Bian, Zhuan Zaidi, Mone TI Vitamin C Prevents Hypogonadal Bone Loss SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ASCORBIC-ACID; OSTEOCLAST FORMATION; MINERAL DENSITY; MC3T3-E1 CELLS; OSTEOBLAST; DIFFERENTIATION; ANTIOXIDANTS; HEALTH AB Epidemiologic studies correlate low vitamin C intake with bone loss. The genetic deletion of enzymes involved in de novo vitamin C synthesis in mice, likewise, causes severe osteoporosis. However, very few studies have evaluated a protective role of this dietary supplement on the skeleton. Here, we show that the ingestion of vitamin C prevents the low-turnover bone loss following ovariectomy in mice. We show that this prevention in areal bone mineral density and micro-CT parameters results from the stimulation of bone formation, demonstrable in vivo by histomorphometry, bone marker measurements, and quantitative PCR. Notably, the reductions in the bone formation rate, plasma osteocalcin levels, and ex vivo osteoblast gene expression 8 weeks post-ovariectomy are all returned to levels of sham-operated controls. The study establishes vitamin C as a skeletal anabolic agent. C1 [Zhu, Ling-Ling; Peng, Liu; Bian, Zhuan] Wuhan Univ, Sch Stomatol, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Ling-Ling; Sun, Merry; Yuen, Tony; Zhou, Raymond; Li, Jianhua; Peng, Yuanzhen; Moonga, Surinder S.; Mechanick, Jeffrey I.; Iqbal, Jameel; Zaidi, Mone] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Mt Sinai Bone Program, New York, NY USA. [Cao, Jay] Agr Res Serv, Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND USA. [Guo, Lida; Blair, Harry C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Bian, ZA (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Stomatol, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM kqyywjtx@hotmail.com; mone.zaidi@mssm.edu RI GUO, Liang-dong/C-1407-2015 FU National Institute of Health [DK0804590, AG023176, AG040132]; USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS program [5450-51000-046-00D] FX This work was supported in part by research grants from the National Institute of Health (DK0804590, AG023176 and AG040132) and from the USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS program 5450-51000-046-00D. No additional external funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 8 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47058 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047058 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 020RP UT WOS:000309831500131 PM 23056580 ER PT J AU Butail, S Manoukis, N Diallo, M Ribeiro, JM Lehmann, T Paley, DA AF Butail, Sachit Manoukis, Nicholas Diallo, Moussa Ribeiro, Jose M. Lehmann, Tovi Paley, Derek A. TI Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE target tracking; Anopheles gambiae; mosquito swarms; mating mosquitoes ID MULTIPLE HYPOTHESIS TRACKING; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SAO-TOME; BEHAVIOR; ALGORITHM; SUCCESS; TARGETS; NUMBER AB We describe a novel tracking system for reconstructing three-dimensional tracks of individual mosquitoes in wild swarms and present the results of validating the system by filming swarms and mating events of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Mali. The tracking system is designed to address noisy, low frame-rate (25 frames per second) video streams from a stereo camera system. Because flying A. gambiae move at 1-4 m s(-1), they appear as faded streaks in the images or sometimes do not appear at all. We provide an adaptive algorithm to search for missing streaks and a likelihood function that uses streak endpoints to extract velocity information. A modified multi-hypothesis tracker probabilistically addresses occlusions and a particle filter estimates the trajectories. The output of the tracking algorithm is a set of track segments with an average length of 0.6-1 s. The segments are verified and combined under human supervision to create individual tracks up to the duration of the video (90 s). We evaluate tracking performance using an established metric for multi-target tracking and validate the accuracy using independent stereo measurements of a single swarm. Three-dimensional reconstructions of A. gambiae swarming and mating events are presented. C1 [Butail, Sachit; Paley, Derek A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Manoukis, Nicholas] ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Diallo, Moussa] Univ Bamako, Fac Med Pharm & Odontostomatol, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Ribeiro, Jose M.; Lehmann, Tovi] NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Paley, DA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dpaley@umd.edu RI Paley, Derek/B-4437-2013; OI Paley, Derek/0000-0002-3086-2395; Manoukis, Nicholas/0000-0001-5062-7256; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD OCT 7 PY 2012 VL 9 IS 75 BP 2624 EP 2638 DI 10.1098/rsif.2012.0150 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 998LK UT WOS:000308240400022 PM 22628212 ER PT J AU Gordon, LM Bennett, SJ Wells, RR AF Gordon, Lee M. Bennett, Sean J. Wells, Robert R. TI Response of a soil-mantled experimental landscape to exogenic forcing SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UPLAND CONCENTRATED FLOWS; DRAINAGE-BASIN EVOLUTION; HEADCUT SCOUR HOLES; GULLY EROSION; RILL EROSION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SIMULATED RAINFALL; RIVER INCISION; RESEARCH NEEDS; KNICKPOINT AB Soil erosion can severely degrade landscapes, and concentrated flows such as rills and gullies can be the dominant contributor to the soil losses. This paper examines the growth, development, and spatiotemporal evolution of rills and rill networks using a soil-mantled experimental landscape subjected to simulated rain and downstream base level lowering. Rill incision and network development and extension occurred due to actively migrating headcuts formed at the flume outlet by base level lowering. The communication of this wave of degradation due to this exogenic forcing occurred very quickly in space, and resulted in nearly the same amount of bed incision throughout the network. Rill incision, channel development, and peaks in sediment efflux occurred episodically, yet these were in direct response to the downstream base level adjustments. Although flows were supply limited, most of the sediment efflux was genetically linked to headcut development and migration. The geometry of the eroded rills and the rates of headcut migration were well correlated to overland flow rate. These findings have important implications for the prediction of soil loss, rill network development, and landscape evolution where headcut erosion can occur. C1 [Gordon, Lee M.; Bennett, Sean J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. [Gordon, Lee M.] New York State Energy Res & Dev Author, W Valley, NY USA. [Wells, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM seanb@buffalo.edu FU NSF [EAR0640617]; University at Buffalo; USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX This research was supported by NSF (EAR0640617), the University at Buffalo, and by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. We thank Toby Gardner and Peter Ashmore for kindly providing technical guidance on photogrammetry, and Rorke Bryan for the flume. This paper was reviewed by three anonymous referees and the two editors, all of whom offered many helpful suggestions. NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 6 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W10514 DI 10.1029/2012WR012283 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 017RS UT WOS:000309609000005 ER PT J AU Ma, L Wiggans, GR Wang, SW Sonstegard, TS Yang, J Crooker, BA Cole, JB Van Tassell, CP Lawlor, TJ Da, Y AF Ma, Li Wiggans, George R. Wang, Shengwen Sonstegard, Tad S. Yang, Jing Crooker, Brian A. Cole, John B. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Lawlor, Thomas J. Da, Yang TI Effect of sample stratification on dairy GWAS results SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article AB Background: Artificial insemination and genetic selection are major factors contributing to population stratification in dairy cattle. In this study, we analyzed the effect of sample stratification and the effect of stratification correction on results of a dairy genome-wide association study (GWAS). Three methods for stratification correction were used: the efficient mixed-model association expedited (EMMAX) method accounting for correlation among all individuals, a generalized least squares (GLS) method based on half-sib intraclass correlation, and a principal component analysis (PCA) approach. Results: Historical pedigree data revealed that the 1,654 contemporary cows in the GWAS were all related when traced through approximately 10-15 generations of ancestors. Genome and phenotype stratifications had a striking overlap with the half-sib structure. A large elite half-sib family of cows contributed to the detection of favorable alleles that had low frequencies in the general population and high frequencies in the elite cows and contributed to the detection of X chromosome effects. All three methods for stratification correction reduced the number of significant effects. EMMAX method had the most severe reduction in the number of significant effects, and the PCA method using 20 principal components and GLS had similar significance levels. Removal of the elite cows from the analysis without using stratification correction removed many effects that were also removed by the three methods for stratification correction, indicating that stratification correction could have removed some true effects due to the elite cows. SNP effects with good consensus between different methods and effect size distributions from USDA's Holstein genomic evaluation included the DGAT1-NIBP region of BTA14 for production traits, a SNP 45kb upstream from PIGY on BTA6 and two SNPs in NIBP on BTA14 for protein percentage. However, most of these consensus effects had similar frequencies in the elite and average cows. Conclusions: Genetic selection and extensive use of artificial insemination contributed to overlapped genome, pedigree and phenotype stratifications. The presence of an elite cluster of cows was related to the detection of rare favorable alleles that had high frequencies in the elite cluster and low frequencies in the remaining cows. Methods for stratification correction could have removed some true effects associated with genetic selection. C1 [Ma, Li; Wang, Shengwen; Yang, Jing; Crooker, Brian A.; Da, Yang] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wiggans, George R.; Cole, John B.; Van Tassell, Curtis P.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Sonstegard, Tad S.; Van Tassell, Curtis P.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Lawlor, Thomas J.] Holstein Assoc USA, Brattleboro, VT USA. [Ma, Li] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Da, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM yda@umn.edu RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014; OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 FU National Research Initiative Competitive from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35205-18846, 2011-67015-30333]; Holstein Association USA; Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of Minnesota [MN-16-043]; Minnesota Supercomputer Institute FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2008-35205-18846 and 2011-67015-30333 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Holstein Association USA; project MN-16-043 of the Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of Minnesota; and the Minnesota Supercomputer Institute. DNA samples were contributed by T Lawlor (Holstein Association USA), M. Cowan (Genetic Visions), R Wilson (Genex Cooperative), C Dechow (Pennsylvania State University), The Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository (USDA/ARS), H Blackburn (National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA/ARS), L Hansen (University of Minnesota), D Spurlock (Iowa State University), A de Vries (University of Florida), and B Cassell (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University). The authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor for constructive comments and suggestions. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 6 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 536 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-536 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 040XE UT WOS:000311358800001 PM 23039970 ER PT J AU Venold, FF Penn, MH Krogdahl, A Overturf, K AF Venold, Fredrik F. Penn, Michael H. Krogdahl, Ashild Overturf, Ken TI Severity of soybean meal induced distal intestinal inflammation, enterocyte proliferation rate, and fatty acid binding protein (Fabp2) level differ between strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Rainbow trout; Strain; Soybean meal; Distal intestinal inflammation; Intestinal fatty acid binding protein; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; INCREASED BODY-WEIGHT; ATLANTIC SALMON; INDUCED ENTERITIS; NILE TILAPIA; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CHANNEL CATFISH; TRANSGENIC MICE AB Complete replacement of fishmeal in feeds for carnivorous fishes often causes reduced growth and can negatively affect gut health. Little is known about strain differences regarding effects of plant based diets in fish and the potential for selection for improved gut health and performance on an all plant diet. The current study investigated the response of a non-selected (NS) and selected (SE) strain of rainbow trout to a fishmeal free, plant based diet containing a high level of soybean meal. Fish from both strains, about 5 g at start in fresh water, were fed either a fish meal based control diet without soybean meal (FM) or an all plant meal diet (PM) containing 19% soybean meal, i.e. in four treatments: FM-NS, FM-SE, PM-NS, and PM-SE. Feed intake was monitored and growth was recorded at 60 days of feeding. Tissue samples of the distal intestine (DI) were collected for histological examinations and for evaluation of intestinal cell proliferation and presence of intestinal fatty acid binding protein, Fabp2. The results showed significantly better growth rate and feed conversion ratio in the SE strain, but only for fish fed the PM diet. Fish fed the FM diet showed no significant strain difference. Better feed conversion was also observed for the SE strain compared to the NS strain, independent of diet. A strain difference was also observed for degree of soybean meal induced inflammation. Fish from the PM-NS treatment showed typical signs of DI inflammation, while the PM-SE fish appeared normal and quite similar to FM fed fish. Fish from the SE strain in general showed lower intestinal cell proliferation compared to the NS fish, and no effect of diet, whereas in NS fish fed the PM diet proliferation was 65% higher. The results regarding Fabp2 indicated a similar picture for fatty acid transport. Results of the current work showed that sensitivity to dietary soybean meal varies between rainbow trout strains, and strongly suggests that improvement in tolerance may be achieved by selective breeding on a diet containing soybean meal. Moreover, tools for the study of Fabp2 were developed. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Venold, Fredrik F.; Penn, Michael H.; Krogdahl, Ashild] Norwegian Sch Vet Med, Aquaculture Prot Ctr, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat Med, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway. [Overturf, Ken] USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Venold, FF (reprint author), Norwegian Sch Vet Med, Aquaculture Prot Ctr, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat Med, POB 8146 Dep, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway. EM fredrikfollesdal.venold@nvh.no FU Aquaculture Protein Centre (a CoE, under the Norwegian Research Council) [145949]; Norwegian School of Veterinary Science; USDA-Agriculture Research Service FX This study was made possible by funding from the Aquaculture Protein Centre (a CoE, under the Norwegian Research Council, no. 145949), the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science and the USDA-Agriculture Research Service. There was no conflict of interest for any of the authors involved in this study. The authors contributions were as follows: F. F. V. contributed to design, morphological evaluation, immunohistochemistry, statistics, and manuscript write up; M. P.: design, morphological evaluation, immunohistochemistry, statistics, and manuscript write up; A. K.: design and manuscript write up; K. O.: design, feed analysis, and manuscript write up. We would furthermore like to thank Dr. Rick Barrows for diet production, Dr. Yvonne Lai for providing Fabp2 mRNA sequences, and the staff at the Wet Lab at the Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station for diligent animal care and management. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 364 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.035 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 030LD UT WOS:000310571300041 ER PT J AU Manor, ML Weber, GM Salem, M Yao, JB Aussanasuwannakul, A Kenney, PB AF Manor, Meghan L. Weber, Gregory M. Salem, Mohamed Yao, Jianbo Aussanasuwannakul, Aunchalee Kenney, P. Brett TI Effect of sexual maturation and triploidy on chemical composition and fatty acid content of energy stores in female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Rainbow trout; Maturation; Polyploidy; Growth; Composition; Fatty acids ID PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; TISSUE COMPOSITION; DIFFERENT DIETS; GROWTH-HORMONE; POLYPLOID FISH; MUSCLE; PERFORMANCE; QUALITY; LIVER; METABOLISM AB Sexual maturation is an energy and nutrient demanding physiological process that alters growth efficiency and compromises muscle quality in many food fish species. Lipid mobilization supplies energy required for this process. To study the effect of sexual maturation on lipid mobilization in female rainbow trout on a high nutritional plane, fish growth, egg development, proximate composition, and fatty acid composition of muscle, liver, visceral fat, and gonads were determined for diploid (2N; fertile) and triploid (3N; sterile) females from July 2008 thru March 2009, when most 2N females ovulated. Previously, we reported there were minimal differences in most growth measurements between the 2N and 3N fish in this study, but there were changes in muscle proximate composition and visceral fat stores. Here, we report changes in proximate composition of liver, gonads, visceral adipose tissue, and fatty acid composition of these tissues and muscle during sexual maturation of 2N females with 3N females serving as the control. Similar and distinct patterns of change in fatty acids were observed between tissues of 2N and 3N fish, and among different tissues as the 2N fish were maturing. Highly unsaturated, long chain fatty acids appear to play an important role in gonadogenesis, either as a source of energy or for deposition in eggs to support offspring development and survival. Differences in growth and preferential mobilization of fatty acids are observed when fish are on a high nutritional plane compared to more typical, lower nutritional regimens. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Manor, Meghan L.; Salem, Mohamed; Yao, Jianbo; Kenney, P. Brett] W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Weber, Gregory M.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Aussanasuwannakul, Aunchalee] Kasetsart Univ, Inst Food Res & Prod Dev, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. RP Kenney, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Brett.Kenney@mail.wvu.edu FU USDA/CSREES [2007-35205-17914]; USDA/ARS CRIS [1930-32000-007]; USDA-ARS [58-1930-5-537] FX This study was funded by USDA/CSREES#2007-35205-17914 National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program and supported by USDA/ARS CRIS Project 1930-32000-007 and USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1930-5-537. It is published with the approval of the West Virginia University Director of the Agricultural Station as scientific paper nr 3138. We would like to thank NCCCWA staff members Mark Hostuttler for producing the triploids, Johni-Ann Sims, Jill Birkett, Lisa Radler, and David Payne for their technical assistance in the laboratory aspects of this study, and Jim Everson, Josh Kretzer, Jenea McGowan, Kyle Jenkins, and Kevin Melody for their assistance with animal care. Mention of trade names of commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 364 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.012 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 030LD UT WOS:000310571300045 ER PT J AU Geis-Asteggiante, L Lehotay, SJ Lightfield, AR Dutko, T Ng, C Bluhm, L AF Geis-Asteggiante, Lucia Lehotay, Steven J. Lightfield, Alan R. Dutko, Terry Ng, Chilton Bluhm, Louis TI Ruggedness testing and validation of a practical analytical method for > 100 veterinary drug residues in bovine muscle by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Veterinary drugs residues analysis; UHPLC-MS/MS; Bovine muscle; Method validation; Qualitative screening ID SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS; BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MULTIRESIDUE ANALYSIS; ANTHELMINTIC RESIDUES; POSTCOLUMN INFUSION; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; LC-MS/MS; KIDNEY; FOOD AB In this study, optimization, extension, and validation of a streamlined, qualitative and quantitative multiclass, multiresidue method was conducted to monitor >100 veterinary drug residues in meat using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Optimization centered on extensive ruggedness evaluation of the method. Various clean-up sorbents were tested and the amount of co-extractives were weighed, matrix effects were measured using post-column infusion of representative analytes, the effect of extract dilution before injecting was studied, and analyte recoveries and reproducibilities were determined. In order to extend our previous method, more drug analytes were added that possessed a wider range of chemical properties, and a re-appraisal of different types of C18 in dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up and mobile phases in UHPLC-MS/MS was done. Ultimately, end-capped C18 and post-column infusion of ammonium formate as an ionization enhancer for the late-eluting anthelmintics were found to give improved qualitative results for greater analytical scope. A multi-day, multi-analyst validation demonstrated that the final method is suitable for screening of 113 analytes, identifying 98 and quantifying (recoveries between 70-120% and RSD < 25%) 87 out of the 127 tested drugs at or below US regulatory tolerance levels in bovine muscle. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Geis-Asteggiante, Lucia; Lehotay, Steven J.; Lightfield, Alan R.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Geis-Asteggiante, Lucia] UdelaR, Fac Quim, DQO, Catedra Farmacognosia & Prod Nat, Montevideo 12800, Uruguay. [Dutko, Terry] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Midwestern Lab, St Louis, MO 63120 USA. [Ng, Chilton; Bluhm, Louis] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Lab Qual Assurance Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov FU US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [US-4273-09] FX This work was conducted under Interagency Agreement No. #60-1935-9-031 between the Agricultural Research Service and the Food Safety Inspection Service. This work was also supported by the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund grant US-4273-09. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 1258 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.020 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 013GP UT WOS:000309294200006 PM 22944383 ER PT J AU Li, JN Hu, HX Yu, QZ Diel, DG Li, DS Miller, PJ AF Li, Jinnan Hu, Haixia Yu, Qingzhong Diel, Diego G. Li, De-shan Miller, Patti J. TI Generation and characterization of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing the red fluorescent protein for use in co-infection studies SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NDV; Co-infection; Super infection; Interference ID SUPERINFECTION EXCLUSION; INTERFERENCE; INFECTION AB Background: Many viruses have evolved multiple strategies to prevent super infection of host cells by more than one virion. This phenomenon, known as super infection exclusion, may play an important role on virus evolution because it can affect the frequency of reassortment and/or recombination. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a negative sense single-stranded RNA virus, is characterized by its continuous evolutionary dynamics and by a low frequency of recombination events. However, the mechanisms that contribute to the low recombination rates on NDV are still not completely understood. Methods: In this study we assessed the ability of two NDV strains (LaSota and B1) to super infect host cells in vitro. We generated a recombinant NDV strain LaSota expressing the red fluorescent protein (RFP) and used it in co-infection assays with a related NDV strain B1 expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). DF-1 cells were inoculated with both viruses at the same time or at different intervals between primary infection and super infection. Results: When both viruses were inoculated at the same time point, a 27% co-infection rate was observed, whereas when they were inoculated at different time points the super infection rates decreased to levels as low as 1.4%. Conclusions: These results indicate that although different NDV strains can co-infect host cells in vitro, the super infection rates are low, specially as the time between the primary infection and super infection increases. These results confirm the occurrence of super infection exclusion between different strains of NDV. C1 [Li, Jinnan; Hu, Haixia; Yu, Qingzhong; Diel, Diego G.; Miller, Patti J.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Li, Jinnan] Heilongjiang Fisheries Res Inst, Harbin 150070, Peoples R China. [Hu, Haixia] Southwest Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Chongqing 400715, Beibei District, Peoples R China. [Li, De-shan] NE Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. RP Miller, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM patti.miller@ars.usda.gov FU China Scholarship Council; USDA [6612-32000-064-00D] FX We thank Tim Olivier and Xiuqin Xia for technical assistance, the SEPRL sequencing facility personnel for nucleotide sequencing, and Dr. Peter Palese (Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine) for providing the recombinant virus rB1-GFP used in this study. J. Li and H. Hu were sponsored by a scholarship from China Scholarship Council. This work was supported by USDA funding, CRIS no. 6612-32000-064-00D. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD OCT 3 PY 2012 VL 9 AR 227 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-9-227 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 043OM UT WOS:000311553800001 PM 23034005 ER PT J AU Qin, P Ting, D Shieh, A McCormick, S AF Qin, Peng Ting, Dylan Shieh, Andrew McCormick, Sheila TI Callose plug deposition patterns vary in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes and tomato species SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Callose plugs; Pollen tube growth; Sperm ID IN-VITRO; GROWTH; GERMINATION; CELL; PLANTS AB Background: The pollen grain contains the male gametophyte that extends a pollen tube that grows through female tissues in order to deliver sperm to the embryo sac for double fertilization. Growing pollen tubes form periodic callose plugs that are thought to block off the older parts of the tube and maintain the cytoplasm near the growing tip. The morphology of callose plugs and the patterns of their deposition were previously shown to vary among species, but variation within a species had not been examined. We therefore systematically examined callose plug deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, tested for heritability using reciprocal crosses between ecotypes that had differing deposition patterns, and investigated the relationship between callose plugs and pollen tube growth rate. We also surveyed callose plug deposition patterns in different species of tomato. Results: We used in vitro grown pollen tubes of 14 different A. thaliana ecotypes and measured the distance from the pollen grain pore to the first callose plug (termed first interval). This distance varied among Arabidopsis ecotypes and in some cases even within an ecotype. Pollen tubes without a callose plug were shorter than those with a callose plug, and tubes with a callose plug near the grain were, on average, longer than those with the first callose plug farther from the grain. Variations in the first callose plug position were also observed between different species of tomato. Conclusions: We showed that the position of the first callose plug varied among Arabidopsis ecotypes and in tomato species, and that callose plug deposition patterns were heritable. These findings lay a foundation for mapping genes that regulate callose plug deposition or that determine pollen tube length or growth rate. C1 [Qin, Peng; Ting, Dylan; Shieh, Andrew; McCormick, Sheila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Qin, Peng; Ting, Dylan; Shieh, Andrew; McCormick, Sheila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Rice Res Inst, Chengdu Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM sheilamc@berkeley.edu OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System [5335-21000-030-00D]; China Scholarship Council; SPUR program of the College of Natural Resources, UC-Berkeley FX We thank Brian Staskawicz's lab for seed of the Arabidopsis ecotypes and Roger T. Chetelat for the flowers from the species of tomato. We thank Binglian Zheng, Guang Wu and Hua Jiang for comments and discussion, and Jorge Muschietti and Weihua Tang for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System (grant no. 5335-21000-030-00D). PQ was partially supported by a fellowship from the China Scholarship Council. DT was a participant in the SPUR (sponsored projects for undergraduate research) program of the College of Natural Resources, UC-Berkeley and AS was a participant in UC-Berkeley URAP (undergraduate research apprentice program). NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 32 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD OCT 3 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 178 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-12-178 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 040QN UT WOS:000311338100001 PM 23034062 ER PT J AU Gallego, KR Lerma, JM Echeverri, CG Brown, JW AF Reyes Gallego, Karen Montoya Lerma, James Giraldo Echeverri, Carolina Brown, John W. TI DESCRIPTION OF THE EARLY STAGES OF ECCOPSIS GALAPAGANA RAZOWSKI & LANDRY (TORTRICIDAE), A DEFOLIATOR OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA (SW) DC. (FABACEAE) IN COLOMBIA SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE asymmetrical genitalia; Olethreutinae; parasitoids; pest species; silvopastoral systems ID LEPIDOPTERA; ECUADOR AB The biology and early stages of Eccopsis galapagana Razowski & Landry are described and illustrated for the first time; details of the adult behavior also are provided. Under outbreak conditions the species has become a serious pest in silvopastoral systems of algarrobo tree (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.; Fabaceae) in Colombia. Although African members of the genus Eccopsis feed on a variety of different host plant families (e.g., Fabaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Sterculiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Flagellariaceae, and Rutaceae), New World species of Eccopsis are recorded only from Fabaceae. C1 [Reyes Gallego, Karen; Giraldo Echeverri, Carolina] CIPAV, Ctr Res Sustainable Agr Prod Syst, Cali, Colombia. [Montoya Lerma, James] Univ Valle, Cali, Colombia. [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Gallego, KR (reprint author), CIPAV, Ctr Res Sustainable Agr Prod Syst, Carrera 25 6-62, Cali, Colombia. EM lkreyes@cipav.org.co; james.montoya-lerma@correounivalle.edu.co; john.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD OCT 3 PY 2012 VL 66 IS 3 BP 156 EP 164 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 018FT UT WOS:000309646200006 ER PT J AU Looney, C La Gasa, E Passoa, S AF Looney, Chris La Gasa, Eric Passoa, Steven TI FIRST RECORDS OF THE DOGWOOD BORER, SYNANTHEDON SCITULA (HARRIS)(SESIIDAE), IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST: A POTENTIAL THREAT TO ORNAMENTAL AND FRUIT TREE GROWERS SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE introduced; distribution; Cornus; Malus ID APPLE ORCHARDS; LEPIDOPTERA; SESIIDAE; INFESTATION C1 [Looney, Chris; La Gasa, Eric] Washington State Dept Agr, Pest Program, Div Plant Protect, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Passoa, Steven] USDA APHIS PPQ, USDA FS, No Forest Res Stn, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Passoa, Steven] Ohio State Univ, Museum Biol Divers, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Looney, C (reprint author), Washington State Dept Agr, Pest Program, Div Plant Protect, POB 42560, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. EM clooney@agr.wa.gov; elagasa@agr.wa.gov; Steven.C.Passoa@usda.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD OCT 3 PY 2012 VL 66 IS 3 BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 018FT UT WOS:000309646200009 ER PT J AU Badri, DV De-la-Pena, C Lei, ZT Manter, DK Chaparro, JM Guimaraes, RL Sumner, LW Vivanco, JM AF Badri, Dayakar V. De-la-Pena, Clelia Lei, Zhentian Manter, Daniel K. Chaparro, Jacqueline M. Guimaraes, Rejane L. Sumner, Lloyd W. Vivanco, Jorge M. TI Root Secreted Metabolites and Proteins Are Involved in the Early Events of Plant-Plant Recognition Prior to Competition SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MYROSINASE-BINDING PROTEINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY DATA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COMMUNICATION; TOBACCO; L.; BRASSICACEAE; PEROXIDASES; COOPERATION; INDUCTION AB The mechanism whereby organisms interact and differentiate between others has been at the forefront of scientific inquiry, particularly in humans and certain animals. It is widely accepted that plants also interact, but the degree of this interaction has been constricted to competition for space, nutrients, water and light. Here, we analyzed the root secreted metabolites and proteins involved in early plant neighbor recognition by using Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 ecotype (Col) as our focal plant co-cultured in vitro with different neighbors [A. thaliana Ler ecotype (Ler) or Capsella rubella (Cap)]. Principal component and cluster analyses revealed that both root secreted secondary metabolites and proteins clustered separately between the plants grown individually (Col-0, Ler and Cap grown alone) and the plants co-cultured with two homozygous individuals (Col-Col, Ler-Ler and Cap-Cap) or with different individuals (Col-Ler and Col-Cap). In particularly, we observed that a greater number of defense- and stress-related proteins were secreted when our control plant, Col, was grown alone as compared to when it was co-cultured with another homozygous individual (Col-Col) or with a different individual (Col-Ler and Col-Cap). However, the total amount of defense proteins in the exudates of the co-cultures was higher than in the plant alone. The opposite pattern of expression was identified for stress-related proteins. These data suggest that plants can sense and respond to the presence of different plant neighbors and that the level of relatedness is perceived upon initial interaction. Furthermore, the role of secondary metabolites and defense- and stress-related proteins widely involved in plant-microbe associations and abiotic responses warrants reassessment for plant-plant interactions. C1 [Badri, Dayakar V.; De-la-Pena, Clelia; Chaparro, Jacqueline M.; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Badri, Dayakar V.; De-la-Pena, Clelia; Chaparro, Jacqueline M.; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Manter, Daniel K.] ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Guimaraes, Rejane L.] Biorad Labs, Hercules, CA USA. RP Vivanco, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM j.vivanco@colostate.edu RI Sumner, Lloyd/A-3270-2013; OI De-la-Pena, Clelia/0000-0002-9093-9489; Sumner, Lloyd/0000-0002-4086-663X FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0950857]; Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation; NSF [DBI-0109732] FX This work was supported by a grant received from the National Science Foundation (MCB-0950857 to JMV.) ZL and LWS were supported by The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation. Funds for the nano LC-QTOF/MS/MS instrumentation were provided in part by the NSF Plant Genome Research Program (DBI-0109732). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 81 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e46640 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0046640 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 015NG UT WOS:000309452600049 PM 23056382 ER PT J AU Hara, H Smith, DR AF Hara, Hideho Smith, David R. TI Nesodiprion orientalis sp nov., N. japonicus, and N. biremis, with a key to species of Nesodiprion (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Symphyta; lectotype designation; host plant; Pinus ID SYMPHYTA; THAILAND AB Nesodiprion japonicus (Marlatt, 1898), the type species of Nesodiprion, from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, and N. biremis (Konow, 1899) from China are redescribed based on their type specimens. Lectotypes are designated for both. Nesodiprion orientalis Hara & Smith, sp. nov. is described from Thailand and Yunnan Province, China. Larvae of all three species feed on Pinus. Generic characters of Nesodiprion are discussed, and a provisional key to species of the genus is given. C1 [Hara, Hideho] Hokkaido Res Org, Forestry Res Inst Doto Stn, Shintoku, Hokkaido 0810038, Japan. [Smith, David R.] Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Agr Res Serv,USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hara, H (reprint author), Hokkaido Res Org, Forestry Res Inst Doto Stn, Shintoku, Hokkaido 0810038, Japan. EM hara-hideho@hro.or.jp; sawfly2@aol.com FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [20580165] FX We thank A. Shinohara (NSMT) for his kind help in various ways. Our thanks are also due to S. M. Blank (SDEI) for the valuable information on the type material of N. biremis, and A. D. Liston and A. Taeger (SDEI), T. Hirowatari (OPU), H. Kojima (Nagano), K. Maeto (KU), G. M. Nishida (BPBM), K. Ozaki (FFPRIH) and I. Togashi (Hakusan) for gifts or loans of the material for this study. This study is partly supported by the Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research No. 20580165 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 2 PY 2012 IS 3503 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 018PG UT WOS:000309673100001 ER PT J AU Blumberg, JB AF Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Vitamins: Preparing for the Next 100 Years SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE evidence-based nutrition; deficiency; optimal health; requirements; vitamins ID CRITERIA; HEALTH AB The insights gained from the last 100 years of vitamin research and applications have contributed substantially to our fundamental understanding of biology and importantly to the promotion of human health. There is no reason to think that the next 100 years will be any less fruitful if we are committed to preparing for them, particularly by changing four critical nutrition paradigms. First, we must move beyond the concept of preventing vitamin deficiencies and inadequacies to establishing health and, further, to creating optimal physiological functions. Each essential vitamin possesses different concentration thresholds for its variety of effects and the required balance necessary to achieving each has yet to be fully defined. Second, we must apply the research approaches and methods of "-omics," systems biology, and imaging technologies to define the dynamic role of vitamins and their broad array of genomic, molecular, biochemical, and functional interactions. Such work is necessary to understand the multiplicity of vitamin actions and ultimately apply them directly at the level of the individual. Third, we must revise the concept of evidence-based nutrition away from its current hierarchical system to recognize in a comprehensive and integrated way the attributes of each type of approach to research. To adhere to a single gold standard of the randomized clinical trial ignores both how we have moved forward so productively during the last 100 years and the vital information to be gained from basic research and other human studies; further, it acts to stifle innovation in both scientific and regulatory affairs. Fourth, we must understand that changes in the supply and distribution of food during the next century are likely to be at least as dramatic as those which have occurred over this last one. For example, inevitable environmental constraints will require more food protein be derived from plant than animal sources, a shift that will directly impact the dietary sources for vitamins. To meet the challenge of achieving global health in 2113 among a population of 9 billion people, effectively managing these four changes demands new and creative ways in which those in academia, government and non-government organizations, and industry must work together. C1 [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jeffrey.blumberg@tufts.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 82 IS 5 SI SI BP 360 EP 364 DI 10.1024/0300-9831/a000132 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 190RT UT WOS:000322358600010 PM 23798056 ER PT J AU Cooke, DEL Cano, LM Raffaele, S Bain, RA Cooke, LR Etherington, GJ Deahl, KL Farrer, RA Gilroy, EM Goss, EM Grunwald, NJ Hein, I MacLean, D McNicol, JW Randall, E Oliva, RF Pel, MA Shaw, DS Squires, JN Taylor, MC Vleeshouwers, VGAA Birch, PRJ Lees, AK Kamoun, S AF Cooke, David E. L. Cano, Liliana M. Raffaele, Sylvain Bain, Ruairidh A. Cooke, Louise R. Etherington, Graham J. Deahl, Kenneth L. Farrer, Rhys A. Gilroy, Eleanor M. Goss, Erica M. Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Hein, Ingo MacLean, Daniel McNicol, James W. Randall, Eva Oliva, Ricardo F. Pel, Mathieu A. Shaw, David S. Squires, Julie N. Taylor, Moray C. Vleeshouwers, Vivianne G. A. A. Birch, Paul R. J. Lees, Alison K. Kamoun, Sophien TI Genome Analyses of an Aggressive and Invasive Lineage of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS POPULATIONS; LATE BLIGHT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; CLONAL LINEAGES; RXLR EFFECTORS; PLANT; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE AB Pest and pathogen losses jeopardise global food security and ever since the 19th century Irish famine, potato late blight has exemplified this threat. The causal oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, undergoes major population shifts in agricultural systems via the successive emergence and migration of asexual lineages. The phenotypic and genotypic bases of these selective sweeps are largely unknown but management strategies need to adapt to reflect the changing pathogen population. Here, we used molecular markers to document the emergence of a lineage, termed 13_A2, in the European P. infestans population, and its rapid displacement of other lineages to exceed 75% of the pathogen population across Great Britain in less than three years. We show that isolates of the 13_A2 lineage are among the most aggressive on cultivated potatoes, outcompete other aggressive lineages in the field, and overcome previously effective forms of plant host resistance. Genome analyses of a 13_A2 isolate revealed extensive genetic and expression polymorphisms particularly in effector genes. Copy number variations, gene gains and losses, amino-acid replacements and changes in expression patterns of disease effector genes within the 13_A2 isolate likely contribute to enhanced virulence and aggressiveness to drive this population displacement. Importantly, 13_A2 isolates carry intact and in planta induced Avrblb1, Avrblb2 and Avrvnt1 effector genes that trigger resistance in potato lines carrying the corresponding R immune receptor genes Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2, and Rpi-vnt1.1. These findings point towards a strategy for deploying genetic resistance to mitigate the impact of the 13_A2 lineage and illustrate how pathogen population monitoring, combined with genome analysis, informs the management of devastating disease epidemics. C1 [Cooke, David E. L.; McNicol, James W.] Invergowrie, James Hutton Inst, Biomath & Stat Scotland, Dundee, Scotland. [Cano, Liliana M.; Raffaele, Sylvain; Etherington, Graham J.; Farrer, Rhys A.; MacLean, Daniel; Oliva, Ricardo F.; Kamoun, Sophien] Sainsbury Lab, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Bain, Ruairidh A.] SAC, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Cooke, Louise R.] Agri Food & Biosci Inst, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Deahl, Kenneth L.] ARS, USDA, PSI GIFVL, BARC W, Beltsville, MD USA. [Goss, Erica M.; Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Goss, Erica M.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL USA. [Goss, Erica M.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Oliva, Ricardo F.] Escuela Politecn Ejercito, Sangolqui, Ecuador. [Pel, Mathieu A.; Vleeshouwers, Vivianne G. A. A.] Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Shaw, David S.] Sarvari Res Trust, Henfaes Res Ctr, Abergwyngregyn, Llanfairfechan, Wales. [Taylor, Moray C.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Birch, Paul R. J.] Univ Dundee, James Hutton Inst, Div Plant Sci, Coll Life Sci,Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland. RP Cooke, DEL (reprint author), Invergowrie, James Hutton Inst, Biomath & Stat Scotland, Dundee, Scotland. EM david.cooke@hutton.ac.uk; sophien.kamoun@tsl.ac.uk RI MacLean, Dan/C-7046-2013; Raffaele, Sylvain/F-7187-2012; Kamoun, Sophien/B-3529-2009; Cano, Liliana/O-7041-2016; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Cooke, David/D-1933-2012; Goss, Erica/H-7020-2014 OI MacLean, Dan/0000-0003-1032-0887; Kamoun, Sophien/0000-0002-0290-0315; Cano, Liliana/0000-0002-7996-4181; Birch, Paul/0000-0002-6559-3746; Gilroy, Eleanor/0000-0002-5301-4268; Farrer, Rhys/0000-0001-8456-7458; Etherington, Graham/0000-0002-5003-1425; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Cooke, David/0000-0002-9154-7954; FU Potato Council; Scottish Government; Gatsby Charitable Foundation; Marie Curie IEF [255104]; Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality; FP6 program BioExploit [Food-CT-2005-513959]; BBSRC/RESAS CRF grant FX This work was supported by the Potato Council and The Scottish Government (D.E.L. Cooke, A.K. Lees, I. Hein, E. M. Gilroy, E. Randall, J.N. Squires, P.R.J. Birch & R.A. Bain), the Gatsby Charitable Foundation (S. Kamoun, L.M. Cano, S. Rafaelle, G.J. Etherington & R.A. Farrer), a Marie Curie IEF (contract 255104) to S. Rafaelle, the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality to V.G.A.A. Vleeshouwers and the FP6 program BioExploit Food-CT-2005-513959 supported M.A. Pel. A BBSRC/RESAS CRF grant also supported D.E.L. Cooke, E. Gilroy, P. Birch, S. Kamoun & I. Hein. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 12 U2 103 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 8 IS 10 AR e1002940 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002940 PG 14 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 029XH UT WOS:000310530300012 PM 23055926 ER PT J AU Jessri, M Rashidkhani, B Hajizadeh, B Jacques, PF AF Jessri, Mahsa Rashidkhani, Bahram Hajizadeh, Bahareh Jacques, Paul F. TI Adherence to Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern and Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study in Iran SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Iran; Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) ID UPPER-AERODIGESTIVE TRACT; BREAST-CANCER RISK; GUIDELINES-FOR-AMERICANS; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; FOOD GROUP INTAKE; NORTHEASTERN IRAN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITIES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RELATIVE VALIDITY; HOSPITAL CONTROLS AB Objective: The benefit of adherence to a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern in relation to the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been investigated among non-Mediterranean high-risk populations. The objective of the present study was to examine the association of compliance with the Mediterranean dietary pattern as measured by Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) and the risk of ESCC in Iranian population. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 47 ESCC cases and 96 hospital controls aged 40-75 years. Participants were interviewed using validated questionnaires, and dietary patterns were characterized using the MSDPS. Results: Generally, the mean MSDPS in this population was low (30.84 +/- 8.58). MSDPS showed content validity through having expected positive associations with several lifestyle characteristics and dietary intakes. Being in the highest quartile category of MSDPS, compared to the lowest, was independently associated with 37% reduction in risk of ESCC. Two-unit and 3-unit increases in the MSDPS resulted in 41% and 47% reduction in risk of ESCC, respectively. Higher intakes of olive oil (odds ratio [OR] = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.01-0.49), fish and other seafood (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23-0.98), whole grain (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.28-0.76), and fruits (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.38-0.86) were significantly associated with reduced ESCC risk. In contrast, higher sweet (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.04-2.12) and meat intakes (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.25-2.49) were associated with higher ESCC risk. Conclusion: Consuming a diet in concordance with the principles of the Mediterranean dietary pattern may protect against ESCC. Preventive strategies to reduce ESCC risk in high-risk countries should focus on overall dietary pattern and dietary habits to be effective. C1 [Jessri, Mahsa] Univ Alberta Edmonton, Div Human Nutr, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton Clin Hlth Acad, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Jessri, Mahsa] Univ Alberta Edmonton, Alberta Inst Human Nutr, Edmonton Clin Hlth Acad, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Rashidkhani, Bahram] Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Community Nutr Dept, Fac Nutr Sci & Food Technol, Natl Nutr & Food Technol Res Inst,WHO Collaborati, Tehran, Iran. [Hajizadeh, Bahareh] Kurdistan Univ Med Sci Kurdistan, Dept Oncol, Kurdistan, Iran. [Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rashidkhani, B (reprint author), Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Community Nutr Dept, Fac Nutr Sci & Food Technol, Natl Nutr & Food Technol Res Inst, Tehran, Iran. EM b_rashidkhani@sbmu.ac.ir FU National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran [4030] FX We are grateful to all filed investigators, staff, and participants of the present study. This study was supported by grant no. 4030 from the National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. NR 88 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 31 IS 5 BP 338 EP 351 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 120BN UT WOS:000317144600005 PM 23529991 ER PT J AU Malik, VS AF Malik, Vedpal Singh TI Genome engineering: unconventional biochemistry and food security SO JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Metabolic engineering; Biofuels; Quorum sensing; DNA sequencing; Gene targeting ID HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; DNA-POLYMERASE; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; MOLECULES; SEQUENCES; CHEMICALS; PATHWAYS; CLONING; FUELS AB Unprecedented technological advances in biology provide the tools to enhance plant productivity to meet world hunger. The genome sequences of thousands of organisms and their analyses is the blue print of their genome architecture which can now be further improved. New Nucleases offer the opportunity of modifying plant genomes in a way that was not possible only a while ago. Synthetic DNA and methodology of gene assembly further expand Synthetic biology and allow construction of metabolic pathways to produce valuable molecules in Novel hosts. The knowledge of Quorum Sensing (QS), could add to the successful use of biocontrol agents. The technology has no limitations, and excitements in biology will be exploited to meet future energy needs. C1 USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Malik, VS (reprint author), USDA, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM vedpal.s.malik@aphis.usda.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001, INDIA SN 0971-7811 J9 J PLANT BIOCHEM BIOT JI J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 SU S BP S76 EP S89 DI 10.1007/s13562-012-0142-1 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 108MA UT WOS:000316296300013 ER PT J AU Wang, CJ Yu, S Ao-ri-ge-le Jia, DG Yao, HQ Zhao, HP Lillehoj, HS Si-mu-ji-de Postnikoff, ACL Xu, SRGL AF Wang, Chun-jie Yu, Siriguleng Ao-ri-ge-le Jia, De-gang Yao, Hong-qiang Zhao, Huai-ping Lillehoj, H. S. Si-mu-ji-de Postnikoff, Andrew C. L. Xu, Si-ri-gu-leng TI REGULATION OF T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS IN SPECIFIC PATHOGEN-FREE CHICKENS FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL FOWL ADENOVIRUS-VIII INFECTION SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cell mediated immune competency; Fowl adenovirus VIII; Immune system; Peripheral blood; T lymphocyte subpopulations ID INCLUSION-BODY HEPATITIS; HEMORRHAGIC ENTERITIS VIRUS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; AVIAN ADENOVIRUS; TURKEYS; ISOLATE; CELLS AB Two-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were divided into two groups. Group I was inoculated orally with fowl adenovirus VIII (FAV-VIII). Group II served as a negative control. Chickens were investigated at various days post-inoculation (dpi) by flow cytometric analysis for changes in T lymphocyte subpopulations in immune system and blood. In the thymus, CD3(+)T lymphocytes were increased at 25 dpi, with significant increases in the FAV infected noted at 1, 12, 20dpi (p<0.05). This was accompanied by a corresponding increase of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. In the spleen, CD3(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes were increased significantly at 30 dpi (p<0.01) whereas CD8(+) and TCR gamma delta(+) T lymphocytes were decreased at 1 (p<0.05), 30 dpi (p<0.01). An increase of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes was noticed in peripheral blood, and accompanied by a decrease of TCR gamma delta(+) T lymphocytes. These results demonstrated that infection with FAV-VIII causes significant fluctuations in T lymphocyte subpopulations in thymus, blood and spleen. It can be concluded that an infection with FAV-VIII has profound effects on the immune system, especially on cell mediated immune competency. C1 [Wang, Chun-jie; Yu, Siriguleng; Jia, De-gang; Yao, Hong-qiang; Zhao, Huai-ping; Xu, Si-ri-gu-leng] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Vet Sci, Dept Basic Vet, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Ao-ri-ge-le; Si-mu-ji-de] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Dept Anim Prod & Management, Coll Anim Sci, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Lillehoj, H. S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Postnikoff, Andrew C. L.] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Ecol & Environm Sci, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. RP Wang, CJ (reprint author), Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Vet Sci, Dept Basic Vet, 306 Zhao Wu Da Rd, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. EM chunjiewang200@sohu.com FU natural science fund of China [30160067]; Inner Mongolia natural science fund FX This work was supported by the natural science fund of China (subject number: 30160067) and the Inner Mongolia natural science fund. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC BRASILEIRA MICROBIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA AV PROF LINEU PRESTES,1374, 05508 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 1517-8382 J9 BRAZ J MICROBIOL JI Braz. J. Microbiol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1281 EP 1290 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 094TJ UT WOS:000315286400007 PM 24031954 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Dayan, FE AF Duke, Stephen O. Dayan, Franck E. TI Modes of Action of Microbially-Produced Phytotoxins (vol 3, pg 1038, 2011) SO TOXINS LA English DT Correction C1 [Duke, Stephen O.; Dayan, Franck E.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM Stephen.Duke@ars.usda.gov; Franck.Dayan@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD OCT PY 2012 VL 4 IS 10 BP 955 EP 955 DI 10.3390/toxins4100955 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 096LQ UT WOS:000315406000012 ER PT J AU Whigham, LD Valentine, AR Johnson, LK Zhang, Z Atkinson, RL Tanumihardjo, SA AF Whigham, L. D. Valentine, A. R. Johnson, L. K. Zhang, Z. Atkinson, R. L. Tanumihardjo, S. A. TI Increased vegetable and fruit consumption during weight loss effort correlates with increased weight and fat loss SO NUTRITION & DIABETES LA English DT Article DE obesity; weight loss; vegetable; fruit; body composition; body fat ID DIETARY ENERGY DENSITY; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PLASMA CAROTENOIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CANCER PREVENTION; FOOD-INTAKE; AD-LIBITUM; US ADULTS; BIOMARKERS; OBESITY AB BACKGROUND: Individuals who focused on calorie counting lost more weight than those who focused on increasing vegetable and fruit (V&F) intake in a weight loss program. We now present serum carotenoid data (biomarkers of V&F intake) from both groups and test whether these biomarkers correlate with changes in weight and body fat. DESIGN: Sixty obese volunteers were randomized to one of the following weight loss programs: 500 kcal per day reduction (Reduction) or a focus on consuming eight vegetables per day and 2-3 fruits per day (HiVeg). Volunteers in the Reduction group were 36.8 +/- 10.3 years with a body mass index of 33.5; 83% were white, 17% chose not to report race; 70% were not Hispanic or Latino, 13% were Hispanic or Latino and 17% chose not to report ethnicity. Volunteers in the HiVeg group were 30.4 +/- 6.6 years with a body mass index of 33.2: 74% white, 11% Asian, 5% black or African American, 5% multiracial and 5% chose not to report race; 89% were not Hispanic or Latino, 5% were Hispanic or Latino and 5% chose not to report ethnicity. Subjects were taught basic nutrition principles, received breakfast and lunch 5 days per week for 3 months, meals 2 days per week during month 4, then regular phone calls to month 12. RESULTS: Total serum carotenoid concentrations increased from baseline to 3 months and remained elevated at 12 months, but there was no difference between groups. Changes in weight, fat and % fat correlated negatively with serum carotenoid concentrations. CONCLUSION: Increased serum carotenoids (a biomarker for V&F intake) correlated with improved weight and fat loss indicating that increased V&F consumption is an appropriate strategy for weight loss. However, in light of the fact that the Reduction group lost more weight, the consumption of increased V&F for the purpose of weight loss should happen within the context of reducing total caloric intake. Nutrition and Diabetes (2012) 2, e48; doi:10.1038/nutd.2012.22; published online 1 October 2012 C1 [Whigham, L. D.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Valentine, A. R.; Zhang, Z.; Tanumihardjo, S. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nutr Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Johnson, L. K.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Atkinson, R. L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. RP Whigham, LD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM Leah.Whigham@ars.usda.gov OI Whigham, Leah/0000-0002-5376-8967 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2003-35200-05377]; Wisconsin Cranberry Board FX Research was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2003-35200-05377 and the Wisconsin Cranberry Board. The authors thank Maria Lanasa, Katy Mijal, Jessica Nehring, Kelly O'Heron, Abby Small and Lisa Stanek for their devoted assistance with food preparation and data gathering; Rachel Staffeldt and Sara Kroes for organizing the phlebotomy; Karla Horsfall, Emily Nuss and Amy Petersen for assistance with data entry; and Dr Earl Shrago for serving as backup physician. LDW, RLA and SAT designed the research; LDW and ARV conducted the research; LDW, ZZ and LKJ analyzed the data; and LDW, RLA and SAT wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2044-4052 J9 NUTR DIABETES JI Nutr. Diabetes PD OCT PY 2012 VL 2 AR e48 DI 10.1038/nutd.2012.22 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 084HG UT WOS:000314528800001 PM 23449500 ER PT J AU Aad, PY Echternkamp, SE Sypherd, DD Schreiber, NB Spicer, LJ AF Aad, Pauline Y. Echternkamp, Sherrill E. Sypherd, David D. Schreiber, Nicole B. Spicer, Leon J. TI The Hedgehog System in Ovarian Follicles of Cattle Selected for Twin Ovulations and Births: Evidence of a Link Between the IGF and Hedgehog Systems SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE follicular development; follicular maturation; granulosa cells; ovary; theca cells ID BOVINE GRANULOSA-CELLS; GROWTH FACTOR-I; INDIAN HEDGEHOG; FOLLICULAR-FLUID; SIGNALING PATHWAY; THECA CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR-9; STIMULATING-HORMONE; ANTRAL FOLLICLES; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Hedgehog signaling is involved in regulation of ovarian function in Drosophila, but its role in regulating mammalian ovarian folliculogenesis is less clear. Therefore, gene expression of Indian hedgehog (IHH) and its type 1 receptor, patched 1 (PTCH1), were quantified in bovine granulosa (GC) or theca (TC) cells of small (1-5 mm) antral follicles by in situ hybridization and of larger (5-17 mm) antral follicles by real-time RT-PCR from ovaries of cyclic cows genetically selected (Twinner) or not selected (control) for twin ovulations. Expression of IHH mRNA was localized to GC and cumulus cells, whereas PTCH1 mRNA was greater in TC than in GC. Estrogen-active (E-A; follicular fluid concentration of estradiol. progesterone) versus estrogen-inactive follicles had a greater abundance of mRNA for IHH in GC and PTCH1 in TC. Abundance of IHH mRNA in GC was not affected by cow genotype, whereas TC PTCH1 mRNA was less in large E-A follicles of Twinners than in controls. In vitro, estradiol and wingless-type (WNT) 3A increased IHH mRNA in IGF1-treated GC. IGF1 and BMP4 treatments decreased PTCH1 mRNA in small TC. Estradiol and LH increased PTCH1 mRNA in IGF1-treated TC from large and small follicles, respectively. In summary, functional status of ovarian follicles was associated with differences in hedgehog signaling in GC and TC. We hypothesize that as follicles grow and develop, increased free IGF1 may suppress expression of IHH mRNA by GC and PTCH1 mRNA by TC, and these effects are regulated in a paracrine way by estradiol and other intra- and extragonadal factors. C1 [Aad, Pauline Y.; Schreiber, Nicole B.; Spicer, Leon J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Echternkamp, Sherrill E.; Sypherd, David D.] ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Spicer, LJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 114 Anim Sci Bldg, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM leon.spicer@okstate.edu OI Spicer, Leon/0000-0003-2911-6130 FU Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station [H-2510] FX Supported in part by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station under project H-2510 and approved for publication by the Director. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 87 IS 4 AR 79 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.111.096735 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 080GZ UT WOS:000314231000003 PM 22811575 ER PT J AU Holland, MM Clapham, WM AF Holland, Marjorie M. Clapham, William M. TI VEGETATION CHANGES IN TEMPERATE FORESTED ISLAND COMMUNITIES IN LAKE WINNIPESAUKEE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA SO RHODORA LA English DT Article DE Acer pensylvanicum; Hamamelis virginiana; Pinus strobus; Quercus rubra; Tsuga canadensis; island plant diversity; vegetation composition; disturbance; bootstrapping; forest succession; freshwater island vegetation ID NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK; HISTORY; PRESETTLEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; VALLEY AB We documented changes in overstory species composition and foliar cover during a 23-year sampling period, compared woody species on three small islands in Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire, and determined changes in dominant plant species over time. Floristic surveys had begun on these islands in 1901, and provided valuable information about earlier vascular plant composition. Three Mile Island, Hawk's Nest Island, and Blueberry Island were first sampled quantitatively in 1978, again in 1991, and most recently in 2001. The data compiled here are for woody vascular plant species found in long-term monitoring plots on the islands owned and/or managed by the Appalachian Mountain Club. Pinus resinosa, P. strobus, and Tsuga canadensis were the three most dominant species on Hawk's Nest throughout the study period. On Blueberry Island, Acer rubrum, Betula populifolia, and T. canadensis were the three most dominant woody species when sampling began. However, by 2001 Ilex verticillata, Myrica gale, and Vaccinium corymbosum were the three most dominant species. On Three Mile Island, P. strobus and Quercus rubra were the two most dominant species in 1978, but by 2001 A. pensylvanicum and Hamamelis virginiana were the dominants. Overall species richness within the permanent plots increased on Three Mile and Blueberry Islands, while the total number of species remained relatively constant on Hawk's Nest Island. C1 [Holland, Marjorie M.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Clapham, William M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 24957 USA. RP Holland, MM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. EM mholland@olemiss.edu FU TMI Camp Committee; Amherst College; College of New Rochelle; University of Mississippi FX The authors thank Mann Andrus, Hannah Holland, Raymond W. Prach Sr., and Raymond W. Prach Jr. for assistance with 2001 field work; James Fedders for help with statistical analyses; and C. John Burk, Jason Hoeksema, Jay Maciejowski, Louis Palmer Jr., Bruce Sorrie, and two anonymous reviewers for reviews of various drafts of the manuscript. Logistical and moral support is acknowledged from TMI camp managers, committee members, crew, and campers. Financial support from the TMI Camp Committee, Amherst College, the College of New Rochelle, and the University of Mississippi is gratefully acknowledged. Help from Forrest Briggs, Dustin Culver, Tara Davis, Shannon Moore, Cherrelle Williams, and Mark Winkler with manuscript preparation is greatly appreciated. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB INC PI LAWRENCE PA P.O. BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0035-4902 J9 RHODORA JI Rhodora PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 114 IS 960 BP 383 EP 405 DI 10.3119/11-07 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 078YX UT WOS:000314138100003 ER PT J AU Cook, SP Merickel, F Ward, K Havill, N AF Cook, Stephen P. Merickel, Frank Ward, Karen Havill, Nathan TI First report of Adelges abietis (Linneaus) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in Idaho SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cook, Stephen P.; Merickel, Frank] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Ward, Karen] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Plant Pest Diagnost Clin, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Havill, Nathan] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Cook, SP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, 606 Rayburn St, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 88 IS 4 BP 435 EP 436 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 078DK UT WOS:000314078400008 ER PT J AU Williams, RD Bartholomew, PW AF Williams, R. D. Bartholomew, P. W. TI Radish (Raphanus sativus) seed size affects germination response to coumarin SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Allelochemical; germination inhibition; seed size; seed weight; small seed sensitivity ID GROWTH; WEED AB The inhibition of seed germination by an allelochemical is generally greater in small seeds than in large seeds. Studies reporting these results used a large number of plant species that varied in seed size which might have introduced differences in germination characteristics or various parameters required for growth and emergence. Earlier we demonstrated that when hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) seeds were separated as to seed size, the smaller seed were more sensitive to an allelochemical, and this sensitivity was selective within a species with respect to large versus small seed. Here we confirm those observations with radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed. Radish seedS were carefully screened into three seed-size classes: large (>2.4 mm), medium (>2.0 but <2.4) and small (<2.0 mm) seeds. Water uptake during imbibition was greater in the small seed as compared to the large and medium seed, but there was no significant difference in the final germination among the three seed sizes. When coumarin (10(-3) M) was added to the uptake solution the water uptake was slightly less in the treatment solution as compared to the control (water only) solution, and this difference in uptake was more noticeable in the smaller seeds. There was no difference in the germination rate or final germination percentage between coumarin at 10(-5) M and the water control in the large and medium seeds. However, there was a marked statistical difference in the seed germination response to coumarin at 10(-3) M for all seed sizes. Seed germination was delayed and reduced by 10(-3) M coumarin, and the effect of the reduction in germination increased as seed size decreased. Final germination was 90%, 78% and 63% for the large, medium and small seeds, respectively. As suggested by the literature, small seed are more sensitive to allelochemicals and this sensitivity might have long term affects as to shifts in weed patterns in areas where cover-crops are used as part of the weed management system. C1 [Williams, R. D.; Bartholomew, P. W.] Langston Univ, USDA ARS GRL, Langston, OK 73050 USA. RP Bartholomew, PW (reprint author), Langston Univ, USDA ARS GRL, POB 1730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM Paul.Bartholomew@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 23 PU ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL PI ROHTAK PA INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 BP 271 EP 279 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 069SA UT WOS:000313455900010 ER PT J AU Strunk, J Temesgen, H Andersen, HE Flewelling, JP Madsen, L AF Strunk, Jacob Temesgen, Hailemariam Andersen, Hans-Erik Flewelling, James P. Madsen, Lisa TI Effects of lidar pulse density and sample size on a model-assisted approach to estimate forest inventory variables SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LASER SCANNER DATA; LIGHT DETECTION; CANOPY HEIGHT; TREE HEIGHT; STEM VOLUME; BASAL AREA; PREDICTION; ACCURACY AB Using lidar in an area-based model-assisted approach to forest inventory has the potential to increase estimation precision for some forest inventory variables. This study documents the bias and precision of a model-assisted (regression estimation) approach to forest inventory with lidar-derived auxiliary variables relative to lidar pulse density and the number of sample plots. For managed forests on the Lewis portion of the Lewis-McChord Joint Base (35 025 ha, 23 290 forested) in western Washington state, we evaluated a regression estimator for combinations of pulse density (.05-3 pulses/m(2)) and sample size (15-105 plots) to estimate five forest yield variables: basal area, volume, biomass, number of stems, and Lorey's height. The results indicate that there is almost no loss in precision in using as few as .05 pulses/m(2) relative to 3 pulses/m(2). We demonstrate that estimation precision declined quickly for reduced sample sizes (as expected from sampling theory); but of more importance we demonstrate that sample size has a dramatic effect on the validity of inferences. Our investigations indicate that for our test dataset that central limit theorem based confidence intervals were too small on average for sample sizes smaller than 55. The results from this study can aid in identifying design components for forest inventory with lidar which satisfy users' objectives. C1 [Strunk, Jacob; Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Andersen, Hans-Erik] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Flewelling, James P.] Seattle Biometr & Anal, Seattle, WA USA. [Madsen, Lisa] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Strunk, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Jacob.Strunk@oregonstate.edu FU United States Forest Services Vegetation Monitoring and Remote Sensing Team from the Pacific Northwest research station FX We would like to acknowledge the United States Forest Services Vegetation Monitoring and Remote Sensing Team from the Pacific Northwest research station for funding and support for data collection and analyses. We would like to thank Jeff Foster from the environmental division of the public works department at the Lewis-McChord Joint Base for providing data and logistical support. Finally, we would like to thank four anonymous reviewers who provided valuable insights and critiques. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 26 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 38 IS 5 BP 644 EP 654 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 061HH UT WOS:000312838600008 ER PT J AU Bright, BC Hicke, JA Hudak, AT AF Bright, B. C. Hicke, J. A. Hudak, A. T. TI Landscape-scale analysis of aboveground tree carbon stocks affected by mountain pine beetles in Idaho SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mountain pine beetle; tree mortality; carbon; LiDAR; aerial imagery ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FORESTS; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; CANADA AB Bark beetle outbreaks kill billions of trees in western North America, and the resulting tree mortality can significantly impact local and regional carbon cycling. However, substantial variability in mortality occurs within outbreak areas. Our objective was to quantify landscape-scale effects of beetle infestations on aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks using field observations and remotely sensed data across a 5054 ha study area that had experienced a mountain pine beetle outbreak. Tree mortality was classified using multispectral imagery that separated green, red, and gray trees, and models relating field observations of AGC to LiDAR data were used to map AGC. We combined mortality and AGC maps to quantify AGC in beetle-killed trees. Thirty-nine per cent of the forested area was killed by beetles, with large spatial variability in mortality severity. For the entire study area, 40-50% of AGC was contained in beetle-killed trees. When considered on a per-hectare basis, 75-89% of the study area had >25% AGC in killed trees and 3-6% of the study area had >75% of the AGC in killed trees. Our results show that despite high variability in tree mortality within an outbreak area, bark beetle epidemics can have a large impact on AGC stocks at the landscape scale. C1 [Bright, B. C.; Hicke, J. A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hudak, A. T.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Bright, BC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 3021, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM bright@uidaho.edu RI Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013 FU NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387]; USDA Forest Service Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center FX Funding for this research came from the NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program and the National Science Foundation under award number EPS-0814387 and the USDA Forest Service Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center. Lee Vierling, Troy Hall, Arjan Meddens, Haiganoush Preisler, Bonnie Ruefenacht and Michael Falkowski provided valuable guidance. Katrina Armstrong, Eric Creeden and Steve Edburg helped to gather field observations. Linda Tedrow and Rupesh Shrestha helped with LiDAR processing. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR 045702 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045702 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 059IA UT WOS:000312696400064 ER PT J AU Medvigy, D Clark, KL Skowronski, NS Schafer, KVR AF Medvigy, D. Clark, K. L. Skowronski, N. S. Schaefer, K. V. R. TI Simulated impacts of insect defoliation on forest carbon dynamics SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE defoliation; carbon budget; New Jersey Pine Barrens; ecosystem demography model; gypsy moth ID GYPSY-MOTH DEFOLIATION; NEW-JERSEY; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; FUTURE; SINK; DISTURBANCES; VARIABILITY; PERIODICITY; SYNCHRONY AB Many temperate and boreal forests are subject to insect epidemics. In the eastern US, over 41 million meters squared of tree basal area are thought to be at risk of gypsy moth defoliation. However, the decadal-to-century scale implications of defoliation events for ecosystem carbon dynamics are not well understood. In this study, the effects of defoliation intensity, periodicity and spatial pattern on the carbon cycle are investigated in a set of idealized model simulations. A mechanistic terrestrial biosphere model, ecosystem demography model 2, is driven with observations from a xeric oak-pine forest located in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Simulations indicate that net ecosystem productivity (equal to photosynthesis minus respiration) decreases linearly with increasing defoliation intensity. However, because of interactions between defoliation and drought effects, aboveground biomass exhibits a nonlinear decrease with increasing defoliation intensity. The ecosystem responds strongly with both reduced productivity and biomass loss when defoliation periodicity varies from 5 to 15 yr, but exhibits a relatively weak response when defoliation periodicity varies from 15 to 60 yr. Simulations of spatially heterogeneous defoliation resulted in markedly smaller carbon stocks than simulations with spatially homogeneous defoliation. These results show that gypsy moth defoliation has a large effect on oak-pine forest biomass dynamics, functioning and its capacity to act as a carbon sink. C1 [Medvigy, D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Medvigy, D.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Clark, K. L.] USDA Forest Serv, Silas Little Expt Forest, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. [Skowronski, N. S.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Schaefer, K. V. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Medvigy, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, 418B Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dmedvigy@princeton.edu RI Skowronski, Nicholas/N-4417-2013 OI Skowronski, Nicholas/0000-0002-5801-5614 FU USDA [10-JV-11242306-136]; NASA [NNH08AH971]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-SC0007041] FX The authors are grateful for computational support provided by the PICSciE-OIT High Performance Computing Center and Visualization Laboratory at Princeton University. This research was in part supported by USDA joint venture agreement 10-JV-11242306-136, NASA grant NNH08AH971, and the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy DE-SC0007041. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 43 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR 045703 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045703 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 059IA UT WOS:000312696400065 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Yang, Q Jiang, ZH Fei, BH Cai, ZY Pan, XJ AF Li, Zhiqiang Yang, Qiang Jiang, Zehui Fei, Benhua Cai, Zhiyong Pan, Xuejun TI Comparative Study of Sulfite (SPORL), Dilute Acid and NaOH Pretreatments of Bamboo for Enzymatic Saccharification SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Bamboo; SPORL Pretreatment; Dilute-Acid Pretreatment; NaOH Pretreatment; Enzymatic Saccharification ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FUEL ETHANOL; CORN STOVER; TECHNOLOGIES; BIOMASS; POPLAR; FERMENTATION; STRAW AB The performance of sulfite (SPORL), dilute acid (DA), and base (NaOH) pretreatments was compared in pretreating bamboo for enzymatic saccharification. The pretreatments were conducted in a microwave-accelerated reactor at 180 degrees C for 30 min with a liquor-to-bamboo ratio of 6.25:1 (v/w). Chemical loadings were 2% H2SO4 for DA pretreatment, 6 and 9% NaOH for base pretreatment, and 2-8% Na2SO3 with 2-4% H2SO4 for SPORL pretreatment (on oven-dry bamboo), respectively. Results indicated that unlike other grasses, bamboo was resistant to pretreatment due to high density and lignin content. The pretreated bamboo was hydrolyzed by 50-60% within 48 hours with an enzyme loading of 15 FPU cellulase and 30 IU beta-glucosidase per gram cellulose. The removal of hemicellulose seemed more critical to the enzymatic digestibility of a substrate than the removal of lignin when delignification was not extensive. In general, acidic pretreatments were more effective to bamboo than base pretreatments since the former removed more hemicelluloses than the latter. At similar content of lignin and hemicelluloses, SPORL substrate had better digestibility than DA substrate because the addition of small amount of sulfite made the lignin partially sulfonated, which reduced the hydrophobic impact of lignin on cellulases. Other advantages of SPORL pretreatment included high overall sugar yield, limited formation of fermentation inhibitors, and production of high-value lignosulfonate. C1 [Li, Zhiqiang; Jiang, Zehui; Fei, Benhua] Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. [Yang, Qiang; Pan, Xuejun] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Jiang, ZH (reprint author), Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. EM jiangzehui@icbr.ac.cn; xpan@wisc.edu FU Fundamental Research Funds for the International Center for Bamboo and Rattan [1632012001]; NSF Career Award [CBET-0847049] FX This research was supported by "The Fundamental Research Funds for the International Center for Bamboo and Rattan" (Grant No. 1632012001) to ZL and NSF Career Award to XP (CBET-0847049). NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD OCT PY 2012 VL 6 IS 5 BP 544 EP 551 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2012.1250 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 059AV UT WOS:000312677700004 ER PT J AU Saenz-Romero, C Rehfeldt, GE Crookston, NL Duval, P Beaulieu, J AF Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc Rehfeldt, Gerald E. Crookston, Nicholas L. Duval, Pierre Beaulieu, Jean TI SPLINE MODELS OF CONTEMPORARY, 2030, 2060 AND 2090 CLIMATES FOR MICHOACAN STATE, MEXICO. IMPACTS ON THE VEGETATION SO REVISTA FITOTECNIA MEXICANA LA English DT Article DE Pinus hartwegii; Pinus pseudostrobus; assisted migration; climate change; emission scenarios; Michoacan; thin plate smoothing splines ID ALTITUDINAL GENETIC-VARIATION; CHANGING CLIMATE; FUTURE CLIMATES; PINUS-CONTORTA; TREE; POPULATIONS; REFORESTATION; MIGRATION; SCENARIOS; RESPONSES AB Climate data from 149 weather stations of Michoacan State, at Western Mexico, were extracted from a spline climate model developed for Mexico's contemporary climate (1961-1990), and for climate projected for the decades centered in years 2030, 2060 and 2090. The model was constructed using outputs from three general circulation models (GCMs: Canadian, Hadley and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics) from two emission scenarios (A "pessimistic" and B "optimistic"). Mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), annual degree days > 5 degrees C (DD5), and annual aridity index (DD5(0.5)/MAP) were mapped for Michoacan at an 1 km(2) scale, and means were estimated averaging all weather stations. The state average in GCMs and emission scenarios point out that mean annual temperature would increase 1.4 degrees C by year 2030, 2.2 degrees C by year 2060 and 3.6 degrees C by year 2090; whereas annual precipitation would decrease 5.6 % by year 2030, 5.9 % by year 2060 and 7.8 % by year 2090. Climate models can be used for inferring plant-climate relationships and for developing programs to counteract global warming effects. Climate variables were estimated also at Pinus hartwegii and Pinus pseudostrobus growth locations, at Pico de Tancitaro in Central Western Michoacan and Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro (near Tancitaro), respectively. According to the annual aridity index values estimated for such locations, it is necessary to conduct assisted migration to match current genotypes to projected climates. This translates into an altitudinal shift of 400 to 450 m higher to match 2030 climates predicted by Canadian Model scenario A2, and 600 to 800 m to match 2060 climates. C1 [Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc] Univ Michoacana San Nicolas de Hidalgo IIAF UMSNH, Inst Invest Agropecuarias & Forestales, Tarimbaro 58880, Michoacan, Mexico. [Rehfeldt, Gerald E.; Crookston, Nicholas L.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Duval, Pierre] Ressources Nat Canada, Serv Canadien Forets, Ctr Foresterie Laurentides, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Beaulieu, Jean] Ressources Nat Canada, Serv Canadien Forest, Ctr Canadien Fiebre Bois, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. RP Saenz-Romero, C (reprint author), Univ Michoacana San Nicolas de Hidalgo IIAF UMSNH, Inst Invest Agropecuarias & Forestales, Km 95 Carr Morelia Zinapecuaro, Tarimbaro 58880, Michoacan, Mexico. EM csaenzromero@gmail.com FU Natural Resources Canada, Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) [75831]; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo (UMSNH); CONACYT; state of Michoacan (Fondo Mixto CONACyT-Michoacan) [2009-127128]; Coordinacion de la Investigacion Cientifica, UMSNH FX Part of this research was conducted during a sabbatical year of CSR at the Centre Canadien sur la fibre de bois, Service Canadien des Forets, Ressources Nature Iles Canada, Quebec. Financial support for the sabbatical was provided by Natural Resources Canada, Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT, scholarship 75831), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo (UMSNH), and research grants by a joint research fund between CONACYT and the state of Michoacan (Fondo Mixto CONACyT-Michoacan, project 2009-127128) and by Coordinacion de la Investigacion Cientifica, UMSNH. Three anonymous reviewers and one writing style reviewer helped to improve significantly the manuscript. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 13 PU SOC MEXICANA FITOGENETICA PI CHAPINGO PA APARTADO POSTAL NO 21, CHAPINGO, ESTADO MEXICO 56 230, MEXICO SN 0187-7380 J9 REV FITOTEC MEX JI Rev. Fitotec. Mex. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 333 EP 345 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 062NI UT WOS:000312926200008 ER PT J AU Serikawa, RH Backus, EA Rogers, ME AF Serikawa, R. H. Backus, E. A. Rogers, M. E. TI Effects of Soil-Applied Imidacloprid on Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Feeding Behavior SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diaphorina citri; insecticide; electrical penetration graph; feeding disruption; insect behavior ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER ASIATICUS; DIAPHORINA-CITRI; FRANKLINIELLA-FUSCA; TRANSMISSION; TOMATO; COTTON; THYSANOPTERA; PARAMETERS; THRIPIDAE; PUNCTURES AB The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is one of the most important pests of citrus (Citrus spp.) because of its status as a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the bacterium associated with citrus greening disease. The use of insecticides for vector control is the primary method of managing the spread of this pathogen. Imidacloprid is an insecticide commonly applied to the root zone of young citrus trees to provide systemic protection from pests. The effects of imidacloprid on feeding behavior of D. citri have not been studied in much detail. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of imidacloprid application on feeding behavior of D. citri and to determine whether use of this systemic insecticide could have any effect on pathogen transmission by D. citri. A direct current electrical penetration graph monitor was used to record D. citri feeding behaviors for 12-h periods on mature and young leaves of imidacloprid-treated and -untreated citrus seedlings. Overall, compared with untreated plants, the feeding behavior of D. citri was disrupted on imidacloprid-treated plants via reduction in the number of probes, as well as durations of average probes, initial stylet contact with phloem, phloem salivation, and phloem ingestion. The results of this study demonstrate that soil applications of imidacloprid can reduce the probability of citrus plants becoming inoculated with Las through a reduction in the number and duration of phloem salivation events by D. citri. Furthermore, Las acquisition from infected citrus is greatly reduced as a result of decreased phloem ingestion by D. citri on imidacloprid-treated plants. C1 [Serikawa, R. H.; Rogers, M. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Backus, E. A.] USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pest & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Rogers, ME (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM mrgrs@ufl.edu FU Citrus Research and Development Foundation FX We thank T. Ebert, H. Anderson, P. Mariner, and R. Schumann for assistance with this project. Reviews provided by L. L. Stelinski, H. J. McAuslane, and two anonymous reviewers also helped to improve this manuscript. This project was supported by a grant from the Citrus Research and Development Foundation. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 32 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1492 EP 1502 DI 10.1603/EC11211 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000003 PM 23156142 ER PT J AU Son, Y Chon, I Neven, L Kim, Y AF Son, Yerim Chon, Ikjo Neven, Lisa Kim, Yonggyun TI Controlled Atmosphere and Temperature Treatment System to Disinfest Fruit Moth, Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) on Apples SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CATTS; apple; Carposina sasakii; heat shock ID CODLING MOTH; QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; COMBINED HEAT; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; COMBINATION HEAT; STRESS-PROTEINS; EFFICACY TESTS; SWEET CHERRIES; TORTRICIDAE; FLY AB Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) is a serious pest of apples and peaches in Korea and Japan. Because of its limited distribution, C. sasakii has been identified as a quarantine pest in several countries. The Controlled Atmosphere/Temperature Treatment System (CATTS) was tested as an alternative to methyl bromide fumigation to control C. sasakii in apples. The fifth instar was the most tolerant immature stage to a heat treatment of 44 degrees C for 20 min. When the apples infested with different stages of C. sasakii were treated under CATTS conditions (heating rate of 16 degrees C/h, chamber temperature of 46 degrees C, final core temperature of 44 degrees C under 1% O-2 /15% CO2 atmosphere), young larvae (first-fourth instars) did not survive after 40 min exposure, but the fifth instars required an exposure of at least 60 min to attain 100% mortality. A partial heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) was cloned and showed inducible expression in response to heat shock at 44 degrees C. CATTS suppressed transcription of the hsp90 gene. Apples did not show any appreciable loss of quality in relation to fruit firmness, sweetness, and decay after a 60 min CATTS treatment. These results suggest that CATTS can be applicable to control C. sasakii in apples. C1 [Son, Yerim; Kim, Yonggyun] Andong Natl Univ, Dept Bioresource Sci, Andong 760749, South Korea. [Chon, Ikjo] Andong Natl Univ, Dept Hort & Breeding, Andong 760749, South Korea. [Neven, Lisa] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Andong Natl Univ, Dept Bioresource Sci, Andong 760749, South Korea. EM hosanna@andong.ac.kr FU Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Korea; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea FX This study was funded by a grant from Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Korea. Yerim Son was supported by second stage of BK21 program of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 31 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1540 EP 1547 DI 10.1603/EC12133 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000009 PM 23156148 ER PT J AU Wright, SE Leskey, TC Jacome, I Pinero, JC Prokopy, RJ AF Wright, Starker E. Leskey, Tracy C. Jacome, Isabel Pinero, Jaime C. Prokopy, Ronald J. TI Integration of Insecticidal, Phagostimulatory, and Visual Elements of an Attract and Kill System for Apple Maggot Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integrated pest management (IPM); attracticidal sphere; behavioral control; spinosad; Rhagoletis ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA DIPTERA; PESTICIDE-TREATED SPHERES; PEST-MANAGEMENT; WALSH DIPT; FLIES DIPTERA; FRUIT-FLIES; TRAPS; MORTALITY; ORCHARDS; BEHAVIOR AB The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), is a key pest of apple in eastern North America that has been historically controlled with organophosphate insecticide applications. Here we report on progress toward development of an effective and maintenance-free attracticidal sphere system for this pest species. In our studies, we evaluated lethality of spinosad in combination with a feeding stimulant (sucrose) to replace a Tangletrap sticky coating as the killing agent of a sphere-based behavioral control system. Spinosad was incorporated into cylindrical and contoured controlled-release caps that were fixed atop visually stimulating sphere bases. For both cap styles, spinosad at or near 1.0% (a.i.) proved to be a relatively durable fly-killing agent, providing approximate to 85% mortality after simulated rainfall exposure reflective of average season-long precipitation levels experienced during the primary period of risk of apple maggot injury to fruit in the northeastern United States. In field trials, we assessed the impact of color degradation of contoured controlled-release caps on visual responsiveness of apple maggot fly and found that it had no significant impact on captures. In commercial orchard trials designed to evaluate the potential of attracticidal spheres with contoured caps for direct control of apple maggot, a perimeter-based deployment provided protection comparable to plots receiving 1-2 whole-plot insecticide applications. C1 [Wright, Starker E.; Leskey, Tracy C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Jacome, Isabel; Prokopy, Ronald J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Pinero, Jaime C.] Lincoln Univ Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Wright, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM starker.wright@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Pest Management Alternatives Program Grant [2008-34381-19233]; USDA Small Business Research and Innovation; New Hampshire Department of Food, Agriculture, and Marketing FX We are grateful for the technical support of Bradley Chandler, Emma Bowers, Suzanne O'Connell, and Arthur Tuttle, and for field test plots provided by Joe Sincuk, Steve Wood, Chuck Souther, and Rick Leadbeater. Portions of this work were supported by the USDA Pest Management Alternatives Program Grant 2008-34381-19233; USDA Small Business Research and Innovation; and the New Hampshire Department of Food, Agriculture, and Marketing. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1548 EP 1556 DI 10.1603/EC10104 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000010 PM 23156149 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Souder, SK Mackey, B Cook, P Morse, JG Stark, JD AF Vargas, Roger I. Souder, Steven K. Mackey, Bruce Cook, Peter Morse, Joseph G. Stark, John D. TI Field Trials of Solid Triple Lure (Trimedlure, Methyl Eugenol, Raspberry Ketone, and DDVP) Dispensers for Detection and Male Annihilation of Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis, and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fruit fly; detection; survey; eradication program ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; MELON FLIES DIPTERA; CUE-LURE; INSECTICIDE DISPENSERS; TRAPS; CAPTURE; ATTRACTANTS; CERALURE-B1 AB Solid Mallet TMR (trimedlure [TML], methyl eugenol [ME], raspberry ketone [RK]) wafers and Mallet CMR (ceralure, ME, RK, benzyl acetate) wafers impregnated with DDVP (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) insecticide were measured in traps as potential detection and male annihilation technique (MAT) devices. Comparisons were made with 1) liquid lure and insecticide formulations, 2) solid cones and plugs with an insecticidal strip, and 3) solid single and double lure wafers with DDVP for captures of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel; and melon fly, B. cucurbitae Coquillett. Bucket and Jackson traps were tested in a coffee plantation near Eleele, Kauai Island, HI (trials at high populations) and avocado orchards near Kona, HI Island, HI (trials at low populations). Captures of all three species with Mallet TMR were not different from Mallet CMR; therefore, subsequent experiments did not include Mallet CMR because of higher production costs. In MAT trials near Eleele, HI captures in AWPM traps with Mallet TMR wafers were equal to any other solid lure (single or double) except the Mallet ME wafer. In survey trials near Kona, captures of C. capitata, B. cucurbitae, and B. dorsalis with Mallet TMR wafers were equal to those for the standard TML, ME, and C-L traps used in FL and CA. A solid Mallet TMR wafer is safer, more convenient to handle, and may be used in place of several individual lure and trap systems, potentially reducing costs of large survey and detection programs in Florida and California, and MAT programs in Hawaii. C1 [Vargas, Roger I.; Souder, Steven K.; Mackey, Bruce; Cook, Peter; Morse, Joseph G.; Stark, John D.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS, PBARC, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM roger.vargas@ars.usda.gov FU California Citrus Research Board; IR4 Program FX We thank Russell Ijima (Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI) for single handedly collecting and summarizing field data on the island of Kauai. We also thank Yu Nakane, Dominique Easter-Green, and Jacqueline De La Garza (Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI) for assisting in fruit fly counts. We also thank Kauai Coffee Co., in particular Greg Williams, for allowing us to use sections of the coffee plantation for evaluations. In addition, we would not have been able to carry out this work without Ken Love (Tropical Fruit Growers Association, Kona, HI) who coordinated the avocado farmers on Hawaii Island, and the support of Marc Meisner (UH Kona Experiment Station). We thank Victoria Yokoyama, Jaime Pinero, and Todd Shelly for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Finally, we thank the California Citrus Research Board and the IR4 Program for partial financial support for this work. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 26 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1557 EP 1565 DI 10.1603/EC12122 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000011 PM 23156150 ER PT J AU Tofangsazi, N Buss, EA Meagher, R Mascarin, GM Arthurs, SP AF Tofangsazi, Nastaran Buss, Eileen A. Meagher, Robert Mascarin, Gabriel M. Arthurs, Steven P. TI Thermal Requirements and Development of Herpetogramma phaeopteralis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Herpetogramma phaeopteralis; developmental rate; degree-day; nonlinear model; turfgrass ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT; SOD WEBWORMS LEPIDOPTERA; LICARSISALIS LEPIDOPTERA; RATE MODEL; PYRALIDAE; TORTRICIDAE; ARTHROPODS; COLEOPTERA AB The tropical sod webworm, Herpetogramma phaeopteralis Guenee is a major turfgrass pest in the southeastern United States. We evaluated larval development on five artificial diets and at six temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35 +/- 1 degrees C) on St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze). Only larvae fed St. Augustinegrass and soy-wheat germ diets completed their lifecycles. None of the artificial diets tested (corn-based, soy-wheat germ, corn cob-wheat germ, corn cob-soy flour, or pinto bean) were suitable for rearing this species, because of high mortality and slower developmental time. Total developmental time (oviposition to adult) on S. secundatum significantly decreased from 47.8 d at 20 degrees C to 21.1 d at 30 degrees C, and then increased to 32.6 d at 32.5 degrees C. Tropical sod webworm failed to complete larval development at 15 and 35 degrees C. The relationship between temperature and developmental rate was described using linear (common and polynomial) and nonlinear models (Briere-1, Briere-2, and Lactin-2). The estimated lower temperature thresholds using a linear model for eggs, first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth instars, prepupa, pupa, and total development were 10.1, 6.9, 12.3, 10.5, 15.3, 13.9, 9.1, 13.1, 12.0, and 13.1 degrees C, and the thermal constant of these stages were 62.9, 66.2, 38.2, 40.3, 24.9, 32.3, 51.9, 106.4, 109.9, and 370.4 degree-days, respectively. The Briere-1 model provided the best fit with estimated lower, upper, and optimum thresholds for total development of 14.9, 34.3, and 29.4 degrees C, respectively. The developmental requirements of H. phaeopteralis can be used to help predict the distribution and seasonal phenology of this pest. C1 [Tofangsazi, Nastaran; Arthurs, Steven P.] Univ Florida, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [Buss, Eileen A.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Meagher, Robert] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Mascarin, Gabriel M.] EMBRAPA Arroz & Feijao, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. RP Arthurs, SP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 2725 Bin Rd, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. EM spa@ufl.edu RI Mascarin, Gabriel/E-4646-2015 OI Mascarin, Gabriel/0000-0003-3517-6826 FU University of Florida College of Agriculture and Life Sciences FX We are grateful to A. D. Ali (Davey Institute) for suggesting a collection site and Luis F. Aristizabal, James P. Kerrigan, and Robert Leckel for their technical assistance. Nancy Fieleke and Amy Rowley were helpful in pinto bean diet preparation and rearing of this insect. Partial funding was provided by the University of Florida College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1573 EP 1580 DI 10.1603/EC12098 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000013 PM 23156152 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Wilson, BE Reagan, TE AF Showler, Allan T. Wilson, Blake E. Reagan, Thomas E. TI Mexican Rice Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Injury to Corn Greater Than to Sorghum and Sugarcane Under Field Conditions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE areawide; ecology; host plant; Eoreuma; Saccharum ID RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; TEXAS; PYRALIDAE; INFESTATIONS AB The Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is the key pest of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in Texas; it can attack several grassy crop and noncrop host plants and has spread into Louisiana. Through small-plot, commercial field, and pheromone trap experiments, this study demonstrates that the pest uses corn, Zea mays L., more than sugarcane and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, but when corn is harvested in late summer, injury to nearby sugarcane strongly increases during the next approximate to 2 mo to harvest. Corn was more infested than sugarcane and sorghum in commercial fields regardless of whether sampling occurred on field edges or farther into field interiors. Differences in numbers of infested stalks and in numbers of larval entry holes between field edges and interiors were not detected. We found that Mexican rice borer infestation of corn can cause loss of ears, and lodging, shattering, and complete destruction of maturing stalks. The larger quantities of adult Mexican rice borers captured in pheromone-based traps placed at corn field edges compared with sorghum and sugarcane field edges further indicates that corn is preferred to sugarcane and sorghum. The basis for the pest's attraction to corn and implications to potential range expansion to other U. S. sugarcane-growing regions are discussed. C1 [Showler, Allan T.; Wilson, Blake E.] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Showler, Allan T.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Wilson, BE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Hwy 83,Bldg 201, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM allan.showler@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA AFRI Sustainable Bioenergy program grant [2011-67009-30132] FX We are grateful for assistance provided by Jaime O. Cavazos, Veronica Abrigo, Elias P. Showler, and Emilio Chaves (all USDA-ARS, Weslaco). This work was partially supported by USDA-NIFA AFRI Sustainable Bioenergy program grant 2011-67009-30132. This paper is approved for publication by the Director of the Louisiana Agriculture Experiment Station as manuscript 2012-234-6831. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1597 EP 1602 DI 10.1603/EC12108 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000016 PM 23156155 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JE Reich, RM Tuffly, M AF Lundquist, J. E. Reich, R. M. Tuffly, M. TI Spatial Dynamics of the Invasive Defoliator Amber-Marked Birch Leafminer Across the Anchorage Landscape SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE urban landscape; spatial analysis; urban insect pest ID HOST-PARASITOID SYSTEMS; SAWFLIES HYMENOPTERA TENTHREDINIDAE; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PERSISTENCE; SELECTION; PREDATOR; VARIABILITY; RESISTANCE; MIGRATION AB The amber-marked birch leafminer (Profenusa thomsoni [Konow]) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) has caused severe infestations of birch species in Anchorage, AK, since 2002. Its spatial distribution has been monitored since 2006 and summarized using interpolated surfaces based on simple kriging. Results indicate that this insect pest is unevenly distributed, occurring in multi-neighborhood sized patches that migrate from year to year. Patches showing heavy infestation one year are followed by light infestations the following year. In this study, we developed methods of assessing and describing spatial distributions of P. thomsoni as they vary from year to year, and speculate on potential causes of these trends in landscape patterns. C1 [Lundquist, J. E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Reich, R. M.; Tuffly, M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lundquist, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jlundquist@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1659 EP 1667 DI 10.1603/EC11406 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000023 PM 23156162 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ McKelvey, SR Dabney, CP Huber, DPW Lait, CG Fowler, DL Borden, JH AF Fettig, Christopher J. McKelvey, Stephen R. Dabney, Christopher P. Huber, Dezene P. W. Lait, Cameron G. Fowler, Donald L. Borden, John H. TI Efficacy of "Verbenone Plus" for Protecting Ponderosa Pine Trees and Stands From Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Attack in British Columbia and California SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetophenone; nonhost angiosperm volatile; pest management; Pinus ponderosa; verbenone ID NONHOST ANGIOSPERM VOLATILES; IPS-PARACONFUSUS COLEOPTERA; ATTRACTANT-BAITED TRAPS; DIFFERENT RELEASE RATES; BARK BEETLE; INHIBITORS VERBENONE; HOST COLONIZATION; UNITED-STATES; SCOLYTIDAE; WESTERN AB The western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is a major cause of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson, mortality in much of western North America. We review several years of research that led to the identification of Verbenone Plus, a novel four-component semiochemcial blend [ acetophenone, (E)-2- hexen-1-ol + (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (-)-verbenone] that inhibits the response of D. brevicomis to attractant-baited traps, and examine the efficacy of Verbenone Plus for protecting individual trees and forest stands from D. brevicomis infestations in British Columbia and California. In all experiments, semiochemicals were stapled around the bole of treated trees at approximate to 2 m in height. (-)-Verbenone alone had no effect on the density of total attacks and successful attacks by D. brevicomis on attractant-baited P. ponderosa, but significantly increased the percentage of pitchouts (unsuccessful D. brevicomis attacks). Verbenone Plus significantly reduced the density of D. brevicomis total attacks and D. brevicomis successful attacks on individual trees. A significantly higher percentage of pitchouts occurred on Verbenone Plus-treated trees. The application of Verbenone Plus to attractant-baited P. ponderosa significantly reduced levels of tree mortality. In stand protection studies, Verbenone Plus significantly reduced the percentage of trees mass attacked by D. brevicomis in one study, but in a second study no significant treatment effect was observed. Future research should concentrate on determining optimal release rates and spacings of release devices in stand protection studies, and expansion of Verbenone Plus into other systems where verbenone alone has not provided adequate levels of tree protection. C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.; McKelvey, Stephen R.; Dabney, Christopher P.] US Forest Serv, Ecosyst Funct & Hlth Program, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Huber, Dezene P. W.] Univ No British Columbia, Ecosyst Sci & Management Program, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. [Lait, Cameron G.; Borden, John H.] Contech Enterprises Inc, Delta, BC V4G 1E9, Canada. [Fowler, Donald L.] Contech Enterprises Inc, Victoria, BC V5V 5A6, Canada. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ecosyst Funct & Hlth Program, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us OI Huber, Dezene/0000-0002-6495-1759 FU USDA Western Bark Beetle Initiative; USDA Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team [1-2010]; U.S. President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs Program; Canada Foundation for Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund FX We thank B. Brian (Modoc National Forest, USDA Forest Service), D. Cluck (Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service), C. Hayes and S. Hamud (Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service), A. Milner and E. Clark (University of Northern British Columbia), E. Haupt (Forest Health Consultant, Vernon, BC), and J. Tweedhope, O. Moeri, C. Green, E. Kovacs, A. Vaudry, and J. P. Lafontaine (Contech Enterprises Inc.) for technical assistance. L. MacLauchlan (British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations) provided access to the field site used in experiment 1, and J. Millar and K. Wilson (British Columbia Ministry of Environment, BC Parks) facilitated access to Ellison Park for experiment 4. We thank J. Hayes (Pacific Southwest Research Station), H. Thistle (Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA Forest Service), and D. Cluck and S. Munson (Forest Health Protection) for helpful insights. This research was supported, in part, by a USDA Western Bark Beetle Initiative grant (#7) to C. J. F., D. P. W. H., B. T. Sullivan (Southern Research Station) and S. L. Smith (Forest Health Protection), a USDA Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team grant (1-2010) to C.J.F., B. Bulaon, D. Cluck, S. Munson, and C. Snyder (Forest Health Protection), a U.S. President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers to C.J.F., grants from The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund to D. P. W. H., substantial in-kind contributions from Contech Enterprises Inc., the Pacific Southwest Research Station, and The University of Northern British Columbia. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1668 EP 1680 DI 10.1603/EC12184 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000024 PM 23156163 ER PT J AU Suckling, DM Brockerhoff, EG Stringer, LD Butler, RC Campbell, DM Mosser, LK Cooperband, MF AF Suckling, David M. Brockerhoff, Eckehard G. Stringer, Lloyd D. Butler, Ruth C. Campbell, Delyse M. Mosser, Lisa K. Cooperband, Miriam F. TI Communication Disruption of Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) By Using Two Formulations at Four Point Source Densities in Vineyards SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE E11-tetradecenyl acetate; Epiphyas postvittana; light brown apple moth; disruption; pheromone ID BROWN APPLE MOTH; MATING DISRUPTION; PHEROMONE CONCENTRATION; WALKER LEPIDOPTERA; LOBESIA-BOTRANA; SEX-PHEROMONE; SCALE TRIALS; NEW-ZEALAND; BIOLOGY; DISCRIMINATION AB Light brown apple moth [Epiphyas postvittana (Walker)] is now established as an economic and quarantine pest in California, and new technologies are being investigated to increase options for its management. Two new organic formulations for mating disruption, SPLAT LBAM HD-O and organic Hercon Biotie (biodegradable) were field tested at four point source densities (25, 72, 322, and 500/ha) and compared with the standard Isomate LBAM Plus(500/ha, as a positive control) and an untreated (negative) control. Assessment involved trapping using synthetic lures and virgin females. In total, 175,776 male light brown apple moths were caught to both the caged females and synthetic lures, from 10 February to 19 May 2011. The light brown apple moth catch dramatically decreased from baseline measurements after the treatments were applied, with the highest density treatments reducing catch to below 10% of the catch in the untreated controls within the first week (>90% disruption). In synthetic lure traps, the SPLAT and Biotie treatment performed similarly well over all rates (P = 0.317 for posttreatment percentage communication disruption), but SPLAT performed better at disrupting virgin female traps (P = 0.045). There was a significant increase in disruption with an increasing number of points/ha (P < 0.001). Disruption of communication was similar for all three technologies (SPLAT, Biotie and Isomate) at 500 points/ha for both types of trap (P > 0.74). Disruption of this species in vineyards is thus highly feasible. C1 [Suckling, David M.; Stringer, Lloyd D.; Butler, Ruth C.; Campbell, Delyse M.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.] SCION New Zealand Forest Res Inst, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand. [Mosser, Lisa K.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Coral Gables, FL 33158 USA. [Cooperband, Miriam F.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. RP Suckling, DM (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, PB 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM max.suckling@plantandfood.co.nz RI Butler, Ruth/D-5825-2011; Brockerhoff, Eckehard/C-1528-2009; Suckling, David/F-7005-2010; OI Butler, Ruth/0000-0001-8646-1147; Brockerhoff, Eckehard/0000-0002-5962-3208; Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348; Stringer, Lloyd/0000-0002-6345-0768 FU USDA APHIS PPQ; New Zealand Ministry for Science and Innovation [CO6X0811, CO2X0501] FX This work was supported by USDA APHIS PPQ and the New Zealand Ministry for Science and Innovation (contract CO6X0811, Sustainable Integrated Pest Management in Horticulture, and contract CO2X0501, Better Border Biosecurity). ISCA Technologies Inc., Hercon Environmental, and Shin Etsu Chemical Co. formulated their products for this study with pheromone we provided, and generously supplied the products to us for testing. We also thank Mailee Stanbury, Vanessa Lattimore, Jessica Kerr, Kirsty Trotter, and Carolin Weser for collecting trap data, Graham Coker for recording meteorological data, and Andrew Twidle for field aging the formulated samples. We also thank a wider team of staff and visitors for assistance with the hand application of products over 55 ha of vineyards, and Mud House Vineyards for generous hospitality. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1694 EP 1701 DI 10.1603/EC12130 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000027 PM 23156166 ER PT J AU Higbee, BS Siegel, JP AF Higbee, Bradley S. Siegel, Joel P. TI Field Efficacy and Application Timing of Methoxyfenozide, a Reduced-Risk Treatment for Control of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Almond SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methoxyfenozide; navel orangeworm; oriental fruit moth; obliquebanded leafroller; peach twig borer ID FRUIT MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; AMYELOIS-TRANSITELLA; EGG TRAPS; TORTRICIDAE; INFESTATION; DAMAGE; SHELL; INSECTICIDES; OVIPOSITION; PISTACHIOS AB Large-scale field efficacy trials of methoxyfenozide (Intrepid), a reduced-risk molting agonist insecticide, were conducted in 2004 and 2005 in an orchard containing 'Nonpareil' and 'Sonora' almonds [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] located in Kern County, CA. Methoxyfenozide applied one to three times, the organophosphate phosmet (Imidan) alone or in combination with methoxyfenozide, or the pyrethroid permethrin (Perm-Up) were tested for efficacy against the primary lepidopteran pest navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and three other lepidopteran pests of almond: oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck); oblique-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris); and peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella Zeller. Two or three applications of methoxyfenozide (bracketing hull split or spring plus bracketing hull split) were more effective than a single hull split application of phosmet, phosmet combined with permethrin, or methoxyfenozide. In these trials, a spring application followed by a posthull split application was as effective as the applications bracketing hull split. Navel orangeworm accounted for >60% of the total damage, whereas oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer were the dominant secondary pests. In experiments conducted in 2010 to assess the direct toxicity of methoxyfenozide to navel orangeworm eggs under field conditions, exposure to methoxyfenozide reduced survival by 96-99%. We conclude that this reduced-risk insecticide is effective, although its efficacy is maximized with more than one well-timed application. C1 [Higbee, Bradley S.] Paramount Farming Co, Bakersfield, CA 93308 USA. [Siegel, Joel P.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Commod Protect & Qual Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Higbee, BS (reprint author), Paramount Farming Co, 33141 E Lerdo Highway, Bakersfield, CA 93308 USA. EM bradh@paramountfarming.com NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1702 EP 1711 DI 10.1603/EC11389 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000028 PM 23156167 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Lee, DH Short, BD Wright, SE AF Leskey, Tracy C. Lee, Doo-Hyung Short, Brent D. Wright, Starker E. TI Impact of Insecticides on the Invasive Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Analysis of Insecticide Lethality SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pesticide; lethality index; insecticide efficacy; toxicity; susceptibility ID HETEROPTERA; PEST; TOXICITY; BROWN AB The efficacy of 37 insecticide treatments against adult Halyomorpha halys (Stal) was established based on exposure to 18-h old dry insecticide residue in laboratory bioassays. Individual adult H. halys were exposed to an insecticide residue for 4.5 h and then monitored daily for survivorship over a 7-d period. The proportion of dead and moribund insects was used as an estimate of overall insecticide efficacy against H. halys immediately after the exposure period and over the 7-d trial. Among all materials evaluated, 14 insecticides exhibited increasing efficacy, in which the percentage of dead and moribund insects (used as a measure of insecticide efficacy) increased by >10% after 7 d. By contrast, insecticide efficacy values of eight insecticides declined by >10% (based on recovery of adults from a moribund state) over the 7-d period with most belonging to the pyrethroid class. In this study, the efficacy value of neonicotinoid, acetamiprid, showed the greatest decline from 93 to 10% over 7 d. Alethality index (scale of 0-100) was developed to compare insecticides based on quantifying the immediate and longer-term effects of insecticide exposure on H. halys. Among all materials evaluated, dimethoate, malathion, bifenthrin, methidathion, endosulfan, methomyl, chlorpyrifos, acephate, fenpropathrin, and permethrin yielded the highest values (>75) because of a high degree of immediate mortality with very little recovery. Our results provide baseline information regarding potential of candidate insecticides against adult H. halys and highlight the need to consider longer-term effects in establishing overall efficacy ratings against this invasive species. C1 [Leskey, Tracy C.; Lee, Doo-Hyung; Short, Brent D.; Wright, Starker E.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tracy.leskey@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA SCRI [2011-51181-30937] FX We thank Cameron Scorza, Torri Hancock, and John Cullum for excellent technical support. This work was supported in part by USDA-NIFA SCRI 2011-51181-30937 award, and specific cooperative agreements with USDA-APHIS and the Pennsylvania State University. Mention of insecticide active ingredients in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 41 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1726 EP 1735 DI 10.1603/EC12096 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000031 PM 23156170 ER PT J AU Raina, A Bedoukian, R Florane, C Lax, A AF Raina, Ashok Bedoukian, Robert Florane, Chris Lax, Alan TI Potential of Natural Products and Their Derivatives to Control Formosan Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE natural product; Formosan subterranean termite; termiticide; tetrahydrocarvone ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; COMPONENTS; TOXICITY; (ISOPTERA AB Twenty-nine natural products and their derivatives were tested for both contact and vapor toxicity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Five natural products at 0.5% (wt:wt) in petri dish contact assay caused 100% mortality within 3 d. In vapor form, only three chemicals (styrallyl alcohol, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, and l-carvone) at 0.25 mu l/liter air caused >90% mortality in 3 d when tested on exposed termites. However, when termites were shielded by wood and soil, only one chemical, tetrahydrocarvone at 25 mu l/liter air caused 100% mortality in 2 d. Preliminary test with termites in carton nests, exposed to tetrahydrocarvone vapor in desiccators, resulted in an average of 98.6% mortality in 7 d. With further development in the method of delivery, this chemical may be very useful in fumigating confined areas of termite infestation. C1 [Raina, Ashok; Florane, Chris; Lax, Alan] ARS, USDA, FSTRU, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Bedoukian, Robert] Bedoukian Res Inc, Danbury, CT 06810 USA. RP Raina, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, FSTRU, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM asraina42@yahoo.com NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1746 EP 1750 DI 10.1603/EC10229 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000033 PM 23156172 ER PT J AU Hein, GL French, R Siriwetwiwat, B Amrine, JW AF Hein, Gary L. French, Roy Siriwetwiwat, Benjawan Amrine, James W. TI Genetic Characterization of North American Populations of the Wheat Curl Mite and Dry Bulb Mite SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aceria tosichella; Aceria tulipae; wheat curl mite; wheat streak mosaic ID STREAK-MOSAIC-VIRUS; HIGH-PLAINS VIRUS; WINTER-WHEAT; ERIOPHYIDAE; RESISTANCE; ACARI; SEQUENCES; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; AUSTRALIA AB The wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer, transmits at least three harmful viruses, wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), high plains virus (HPV), and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) throughout the Great Plains. This virus complex is considered to be the most serious disease of winter wheat in the western Great Plains. One component of managing this disease has been developing mite resistance in wheat; however, identification of mite biotypes has complicated deployment and stability of resistance. This biotypic variability in mites and differential virus transmission by different mite populations underscores the need to better understand mite identity. However, A. tosichella has a history of serious taxonomic confusion, especially as it relates to A. tulipae Keifer, the dry bulb mite. Molecular techniques were used to genetically characterize multiple A. tosichella populations and compare them to populations of A. tulipae. DNA from these populations was polymerase chain reaction amplified and the ribosomal ITS2 region sequenced and compared. These results indicated limited variability between these two species, but two distinct types within A. tosichella were found that corresponded to previous work with Australian mite populations. Further work using sequencing of several mitochondrial DNA genes also demonstrated two distinct types of A. tosichella populations. Furthermore, the separation between these two A. tosichella types is comparable to their separation with A. tulipae, suggesting that species scale differences exist between these two types of A. tosichella. These genetic differences correspond to important biological differences between the types (e. g., biotypic and virus transmission differences). In light of these differences, it is important that future studies on biological response differences account for these mite differences. C1 [Hein, Gary L.; Siriwetwiwat, Benjawan] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [French, Roy] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Amrine, James W.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [French, Roy] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Hein, GL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Entomol, Box 830933, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM ghein1@unl.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2004-34103-14443]; USDA-Agriculture Research Services [58-5440-7-334] FX This project was partially funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) NC-integrated pest management (IPM) (CSREES) Grant 2004-34103-14443 and by USDA-Agriculture Research Services Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-5440-7-334. We thank D. Seifers and the late T. Harvey (Kansas State Univ.) for supplying their original colonies of A. tosichella for study and C. Bubl (Oregon State Univ. Extension) and J. Braun (Leamington, ON) for the original supply of A. tulipae mites. We also thank John Thomas for his technical assistance. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1801 EP 1808 DI 10.1603/EC11428 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 055UJ UT WOS:000312443000041 PM 23156180 ER PT J AU Johanning, NR Preece, JE Young, BG AF Johanning, Nathan R. Preece, John E. Young, Bryan G. TI The Influence of Chilling and Chipping of Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum) Bulbs on Plant Growth and Reproduction SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bulbous perennial weed; tillage; invasive plant ID HERBICIDES; LILIACEAE AB Greenhouse studies were conducted on two southern Illinois star-of-Bethlehem populations to determine the influence of chilling and bulb chipping on plant growth and reproduction. Chilling was not required for leaf emergence of dormant bulbs, but an increase to 10 wk of chilling proportionally delayed leaf emergence by 41 and 42 d for the Murphysboro and the Marion populations, respectively. Bulb chipping did reduce plant height when compared to plants from nonchipped bulbs. Also, chipped bulbs produced a greater number of small daughter bulbs compared to nonchipped bulbs; however, total bulblet production was variable and dependent on population, mother bulb size, and chipping treatment. Overall, bulb chipping did not have any negative influence on star-of-Bethlehem and might promote increased daughter bulblet production. Therefore, field operations, such as tillage, that cut and chip bulbs might actually accentuate both the spread and density of star-of-Bethlehem infestations. C1 [Johanning, Nathan R.; Young, Bryan G.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Preece, John E.] Univ Calif Davis, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Johanning, NR (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM njohanning@siu.edu FU Illinois Soybean Association FX The authors thank Jennifer (Hagermann) Monke and Joe Matthews for their assistance in data collection and analysis, along with the Illinois Soybean Association for partial funding of this research. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00004.1 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 053OS UT WOS:000312282900002 ER PT J AU Mealor, BA Cox, S Booth, DT AF Mealor, Brian A. Cox, Samuel Booth, D. Terrance TI Postfire Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Invasion at High Elevations in Wyoming SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; climate change; annual grass invasion; invasive species; high-elevation rangelands; cheatgrass ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; HEMISPHERE SNOW COVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DYNAMICS; RISK; FIRE; MANAGEMENT; STREAMFLOW; RANGELAND; DOMINANCE AB The invasive annual grass downy brome is the most ubiquitous weed in sagebrush systems of western North America. The center of invasion has largely been the Great Basin region, but there is an increasing abundance and distribution in the Rocky Mountain States. We evaluated postfire vegetation change using very large scale aerial (VLSA) and near-earth imagery in an area where six different fires occurred over a 4-yr period at elevations ranging from 1,900 to over 2,700 m. The frequency of downy brome increased from 8% in 2003 to 44% in 2008 and downy brome canopy cover increased from < 1% in 2003 to 6% in 2008 across the entire study area. Principal component analyses of vegetation cover indicate a shift from plant communities characterized by high bare soil and forbs immediately postfire to communities with increasing downy brome cover with time after fire. The highes-televation sampling area exhibited the least downy brome cover, but cover at some midelevation locations approached 100%. We postulate that the loss of ground-level shade beneath shrubs and conifers, accompanied by diminished perennial vegetative cover, created conditions suitable for downy brome establishment and dominance. Without a cost-effective means of landscape-scale downy brome control, and with infestation levels and climate warming increasing, we predict there will be continued encroachment of downy brome at higher elevations and latitudes where disturbance creates suitable conditions. C1 [Mealor, Brian A.; Booth, D. Terrance] Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Cox, Samuel] US Dept Interior Bur Land Management, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Booth, D. Terrance] USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Mealor, BA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM bamealor@uwyo.edu FU Nature Conservancy (TNC) in Wyoming; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Rangeland Resources Research Unit; University of Wyoming, Department of Plant Sciences FX This research was supported by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) in Wyoming, the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Rangeland Resources Research Unit, and the University of Wyoming, Department of Plant Sciences. The authors thank Brian Parker (Wyoming Game and Fish), Michelle Buzalsky (USDA Forest Service), and Amanda Small (Bureau of Land Management) for assistance with fire and grazing records. Holly Copeland (TNC) provided valuable advice and assistance with many portions of this project. Tom Monaco and Dana Blumenthal, USDA-ARS; Julie Kraft, Sublette County Weed and Pest; and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions on the manuscript. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 43 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00096.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 053OS UT WOS:000312282900005 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL Vasquez, EA Chamberlain, AM Smith, BS AF Sheley, Roger L. Vasquez, Edward A. Chamberlain, Anna-Marie Smith, Brenda S. TI Landscape-Scale Rehabilitation of Medusahead (Taeniatherum caputmedusae)-Dominated Sagebrush Steppe SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive annual grasses; medusahead; cheatgrass; restoration; rangeland; one-pass system ID EXOTIC ANNUAL GRASS; INFESTED RANGELAND; SINGLE-ENTRY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ESTABLISHMENT; REVEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE AB Producers facing infestations of invasive annual grasses regularly voice the need for practical revegetation strategies that can be applied across broad landscapes. Our objective was to determine the potential for scaling up the single-entry approach for revegetating medusahead-infested rangeland to broader, more heterogeneous landscape-scale revegetation of winter annual grass infested rangeland. We hypothesized, when applied on a highly variable landscape scale, the combination of imazapic and seeding would provide highest abundance of perennial grasses and lowest amount of annual grasses. Treatments included a control, seeding of crested wheatgrass ('Hycrest') and Sandberg's bluegrass, spraying (60 g ai ha(-1) imazapic), and a simultaneously applied combination of spraying and seeding. The HyCrest and Sandberg's bluegrass seeding rates were 19 and 3.4 kg ha(-1), respectively. The treatments were applied to large plots (1.4 to 8 ha) and replicated five times, with each replication located in different watersheds throughout southeastern Oregon. This study shows that the single-entry approach can be scaled up to larger landscapes, but variation within establishment areas will likely be high. This procedure should reduce the costs over multientry treatment applications and make revegetating annual grass infested rangeland across landscapes more affordable. C1 [Sheley, Roger L.; Smith, Brenda S.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Vasquez, Edward A.] Wyoming Wildlife Consultants LLC, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Chamberlain, Anna-Marie] Oregon State Univ Extens Malheur Cty, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM roger.sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 49 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 436 EP 442 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00030.1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 053OS UT WOS:000312282900006 ER PT J AU Berger, S Ferrell, J Brecke, B Faircloth, W Rowland, D AF Berger, Sarah Ferrell, Jason Brecke, Barry Faircloth, Wilson Rowland, Diane TI Influence of Flumioxazin Application Timing and Rate on Cotton Emergence and Yield SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Broadcast; cotton emergence; preplant application ID AMARANTH AMARANTHUS-PALMERI; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; GROWTH; GEORGIA; PEANUT AB Palmer amaranth is one of the most troublesome weeds in the southeast. Significant reductions in cotton yield because of Palmer amaranth competition warrant intense control efforts consisting of both PRE and POST herbicides. Flumioxazin is a soil-active, protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide that is labeled for use in cotton 14 to 21 d before planting; however, shorter preplant application intervals could increase the duration of control from this herbicide. Flumioxazin was applied at 3 rates (0.03 and 0.06 kg ai ha(-1) in 2009 and an additional rate of 0.09 kg ai ha(-1) in 2010 and 2011) and 6 application timings (30, 20, 15, 10, 5, and 0 d before planting cotton). Cotton emergence, height, and yield were documented. In 2009, at the Jay and Citra, FL, sites, cotton emergence, plant height, and yield were not affected by any herbicide rate or timing. At Dawson, GA, in the same year, significant reduction in cotton stand counts were observed with application timings < 10 d before planting. Cotton height was reduced similarly at Dawson, GA, but recovered to levels equal to the control by 45 d after planting (DAP). It is believed that rainfall during cotton emergence resulted in this significant level of injury at Dawson, GA. In 2010 and 2011, at Citra, FL, cotton emergence was only reduced when 0.06 and 0.09 kg ha(-1) were applied at planting. Cotton height showed a similar pattern with additional reductions in height at 0.03 kg ha(-1) applied at planting and 0.09 kg ha(-1) applied 5 d before planting. In 2010 and 2011, at Citra, FL, yield was reduced when 0.09 kg ha(-1) flumioxazin was applied 5 d before planting and when 0.06 and 0.09 kg ha(-1) were applied at planting. These results indicate that flumioxazin application intervals can be shortened with little crop impact likely to be seen at lower use rates. However, rainfall at crop emergence has the potential to significantly injure cotton and reduce yield. C1 [Berger, Sarah; Ferrell, Jason; Rowland, Diane] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Brecke, Barry] Univ Florida, W Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Milton, FL 32853 USA. [Faircloth, Wilson] USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Ferrell, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, 304 Newell Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jferrell@ufl.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 622 EP 626 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-00044.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 051GL UT WOS:000312114100003 ER PT J AU Shaner, DL AF Shaner, Dale L. TI Field Dissipation of Sulfentrazone and Pendimethalin in Colorado SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dissipation; herbicide binding; soil-herbicide interactions ID DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES; SOIL; PERSISTENCE; ADSORPTION; MOBILITY; SURFACE AB Pendimethalin and sulfentrazonc are applied PRE in sunflower to control many grasses and broadleaf weeds. These herbicides have quite different physicochemical properties. Pendimethalin has a high carbon-referenced sediment partition coefficient (K-oc)(17,200 L kg(-1)), with a low leaching potential, whereas sulfentrazone has a low K-oc (43 L kg(-1)), with a high leaching potential. A 2-yr study was conducted to determine the dissipation of these two herbicides applied to a loamy sand soil. Pendimethalin dissipated in two phases, an initial rapid loss between application and 3 to 5 d after application (DAT) and then a slower rate of dissipation. The first, rapid phase was likely due to volatilization of the herbicide from the soil surface. Pendimethalin dissipated at a similar rate for the slower phase in 2008 and 2010 (time to 50% dissipation [DT50] was 43 d and 39 d, respectively). The dissipation of sulfentrazone, unlike pendimethalin, was not biphasic. The DT50 for sulfentrazone was different between the 2 yr (30 d and 14 d in 2008 and 2010, respectively). Pendimethalin remained primarily in the top 7.5 cm of the soil column, whereas sulfentrazone leached to at least 30 cm. The leaching of sulfentrazone depended on the timing of irrigation or precipitation after application. The more rapid loss of sulfentrazone in the top 30 cm of the soil column in 2010 could have been partially due to the herbicide leaching below the 30 cm depth that was sampled. C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Shaner, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dale.shaner@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 22 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 633 EP 637 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-00037.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 051GL UT WOS:000312114100005 ER PT J AU Dittmar, PJ Monks, DW Jennings, KM Booker, FL AF Dittmar, Peter J. Monks, David W. Jennings, Katherine M. Booker, Fitzgerald L. TI Tolerance of Tomato to Herbicides Applied through Drip Irrigation SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Application method; drip applied; methyl bromide alternatives; sulfonylurea ID NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; FRESH-MARKET TOMATO; SANDY SOIL BEDS; YELLOW NUTSEDGE; PLASTIC MULCH; WEED-CONTROL; METAM-SODIUM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; HALOSULFURON AB Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine tolerance of tomato to halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron herbicides applied through drip irrigation. In greenhouse studies, PRE- and POST-applied trifloxysulfuron caused greater tomato injury (14 and 54% injury, respectively) than PRE- and POST-applied halosulfuron (5 and 26% injury, respectively) or imazosulfuron (5 and 23% injury, respectively). All herbicide treatments in the greenhouse studies caused greater injury to tomato than the nontreated. Greater tomato injury was observed in the greenhouse from herbicides applied POST than when soil applied. Tomato injury from POST-applied halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, or trifloxysulfuron followed a linear relationship, with tomato injury increasing with increasing herbicide rate. Tomato photosynthetic rate did not differ among the herbicide treatments (32.7 to 55.0 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) and the nontreated (38.0 to 55.0 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)). At 5 to 16 days after treatment (DAT), tomato treated with imazosulfuron POST (0.26 to 0.46 cm s(-1)) or trifloxysulfuron POST (0.27 to 0.51 cm s(-1)) had lower stomatal conductance compared to the stomatal conductance of the nontreated tomato (0.65 to 0.76 cm s(-1)). Chlorophyll content did not differ among treatments at 0 to 6 DAT. At 7 to 12 DAT, tomato treated with imazosulfuron POST (34.0 to 40.1 SPAD) and trifloxysulfuron POST (35.0 to 41.6 SPAD) had lower chlorophyll content compared to the nontreated (39.1 to 48.1 SPAD). In 2008 and 2009 field studies, no tomato injury was observed. Herbicide, herbicide application method, and herbicide rate had no effect on tomato height (73 to 77 cm 14 DAT, 79 to 84 cm 21 DAT) and total fruit yield (62,722 to 80,328 kg ha(-1)). C1 [Dittmar, Peter J.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Monks, David W.; Jennings, Katherine M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dittmar, PJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 684 EP 690 DI 10.1614/WT-D-11-00181.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 051GL UT WOS:000312114100014 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Boudreau, MA Davis, JW AF Johnson, W. Carroll, III Boudreau, Mark A. Davis, Jerry W. TI Cultural Practices to Improve In-Row Weed Control with Cultivation in Organic Peanut Production SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brush hoe; cultivation; cultural weed control; mechanical weed control; organic weed control; tine weeder ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; MANAGEMENT; HERBICIDES; SYSTEMS AB Cultivation is a proven means of weed control in organic peanut. However, weeds present in-row often escape control. Research trials were conducted in Ty Ty, GA to modify cultural practices to help suppress weed emergence in-row. Modified cultural practices were three row pattern/seeding rate combinations; twin rows (four rows on a seedbed) seeded at the recommended (1X) seeding rate that produced 13 seed m(-1) in each row, twin rows seeded at the 2X seeding rate that produced 23 seed m(-1) in each row, and wide rows (two rows on seedbed) seeded at the recommended seeding rate that produced 23 seed m(-1). Four cultivation regimes were evaluated; cultivation with a tine weeder at weekly intervals for 6 wk, cultivation with a tine weeder at weekly intervals for 8 wk, scouring with a brush hoe at vegetative emergence followed by the tine weeder for 6 wk, and a noncultivated control. There were no interactions between row pattern/seeding rates and cultivation regimes for any parameter measured. There was inconsistent response of weed control and peanut yield to row pattern/seeding rates. Weed control and peanut yields were similar with tine weeding for 6 wk, 8 wk, or with the brush hoe followed by the tine weeder. Weed management in organic peanut was not improved by altering peanut cultural practices that facilitate quicker canopy closure, and the use of narrow row patterns should not be based on attempts to improve weed control in organic peanut. Narrow row patterns provide other benefits to organic peanut production and those attributes should influence decisions on the choice of row pattern, not weed control. C1 [Johnson, W. Carroll, III] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tifton Campus,POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Carroll.Johnson@ars.usda.gov FU Southern Region Sustainable Agricultural Research and Education Program (Southern SARE), through Hebert Green Agroecology, Inc. FX We acknowledge the contributions of Daniel R. Evarts and Terrell W. Jones, whose technical skills made these studies possible. Appreciation is also expressed to the Reforestation Department, Georgia Forestry Commission for the use of their brush-hoe cultivator. This research was partially supported by a grant from the Southern Region Sustainable Agricultural Research and Education Program (Southern SARE), through Hebert Green Agroecology, Inc. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 718 EP 723 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-00019.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 051GL UT WOS:000312114100019 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA Felix, J Al-Khatib, K AF Boydston, Rick A. Felix, Joel Al-Khatib, Kassim TI Preemergence Herbicides for Potential Use in Potato Production SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crop tolerance; herbicide injury; potato injury; weed control; weed management ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; WEED-CONTROL; SAFLUFENACIL; RIMSULFURON; METRIBUZIN; PYROXASULFONE; MECHANISM; EFFICACY; YIELD; TIME AB Field trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010 near Paterson, WA and Ontario, OR to evaluate weed control and potato tolerance to PRE-applied pyroxasulfone, saflufenacil, and KSU12800 herbicides. Pyroxasulfone at 0.09 to 0.15 kg ai ha(-1) and saflufenacil at 0.05 to 0.07 kg ai ha(-1) applied PRE alone or in tank mixes with several currently labeled herbicides did not injure potatoes at either site in both years. KSU12800 at 0.15 kg ai ha(-1) injured potatoes from 18 to 26% for a period of about 4 wk after emergence at Ontario both years. In addition, KSU12800 at 0.29 and 0.45 kg ha(-1) injured potatoes from 17 to 38% at 17 d after treatment (DAT) at Paterson in 2009. Pyroxasulfone at 0.15 kg ha(-1) controlled barnyardgrass, hairy nightshade, and redroot pigweed 96% or greater, but control of common lambsquarters was variable. Saflufenacil at 0.07 kg ha(-1) provided greater than 93% control of common lambsquarters, hairy nightshade, and redroot pigweed at both sites in 2010. KSU12800 at 0.15 kg ha(-1) controlled common lambsquarters, hairy nightshade, and redroot pigweed 99% or more at Ontario, but only 87 to 93% at Paterson in 2010. These herbicides did not reduce yield of U.S. no. 1 tubers or total tuber yields compared to standard labeled herbicide treatments when weed control was adequate. C1 [Boydston, Rick A.] ARS, USDA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Felix, Joel] Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. [Al-Khatib, Kassim] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM rick.hoydston@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 731 EP 739 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-00023.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 051GL UT WOS:000312114100021 ER PT J AU Felix, J Boydston, R Burke, IC AF Felix, Joel Boydston, Rick Burke, Ian C. TI Response of Direct-Seeded Dry Bulb Onion to Simulated Glyphosate Drift with Variable Rates and Application Timings SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dry bulb onion; glyphosate application timing; shikimic acid ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM RESPONSE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE; RESISTANT COTTON; DOSE-RESPONSE; TRANSLOCATION; GLUFOSINATE; HERBICIDES; TOLERANCE; YIELD AB Field studies were conducted in 2011 at the Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, OR and Prosser, WA to evaluate the effect of simulated glyphosate drift on direct-seeded dry bulb onion. Glyphosate was applied at 8.6, 25.8, 86, 290, 434, and 860 g ae ha(-1) when onion plants were at the flag-, two-, four-, and six-leaf stages. Onion foliar injury was directly related to the glyphosate dose and varied with application timing. Foliar injury at 7 d after treatment (DAT) ranged from 0 to 12% for glyphosate <= 25.8 g ha(-1). Foliar injury increased at 21 DAT when glyphosate was applied >= 25.8 g ha(-1) to plants at the flag- and four-leaf stage, and ranged from 24 to 99%. The 50%-injury glyphosate dose at 21 DAT was lowest when onion was treated at the four-leaf and flag stages and was estimated to be 76.8 and 81 g ha(-1), respectively. Onion injury severity increased when glyphosate was applied at >= 86 g ha(-1) and eventually resulted in plant death at 860 g ha(-1). Foliar injury was inversely correlated to U.S. no. 1 onion yield. Onions displayed sensitivity to very low glyphosate doses especially at the four-leaf stage. Shikimic acid accumulation increased with the increase in glyphosate dose and was positively correlated with foliar injury and negatively correlated with plant height and onion yield. C1 [Felix, Joel] Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. ARS, USDA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Felix, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, 595 Onion Ave, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. EM Joel.Felix@oregonstate.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 747 EP 756 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-00013.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 051GL UT WOS:000312114100023 ER PT J AU Hutchings, JA Butchart, SHM Collen, B Schwartz, MK Waples, RS AF Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Butchart, Stuart H. M. Collen, Ben Schwartz, Michael K. Waples, Robin S. TI Red flags: correlates of impaired species recovery SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED NATURAL MORTALITY; COD GADUS-MORHUA; EXTINCTION RISK; MARINE FISHES; GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION; TRENDS; ABUNDANCE; EVOLUTION; CONSERVE AB Conservation biology research exhibits a striking but unhelpful dichotomy. Analyses of species decline, extinction risk, and threat mitigation typically encompass broad taxonomic and spatial scales. By contrast, most studies of recovery lack generality, pertaining to specific species, populations, or locales. Narrowly focused analyses offer a weak empirical basis for identifying generic recovery correlates across species, particularly in cases where recovery is not effected by an abatement of threats. We present a research framework for multi-species meta-analyses to identify early-warning signals - 'red flags' - of impaired recovery that can be used as predictors of recovery potential before recovery efforts are initiated. An empirically comprehensive understanding of the demographic, ecological, evolutionary, and threat-related factors affecting the rate and trajectory of species recovery will strengthen conservation efforts to set recovery priorities, targets, and timelines. C1 [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Butchart, Stuart H. M.] BirdLife Int, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. [Collen, Ben] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hutchings, JA (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. EM jhutch@mathstat.dal.ca RI Collen, Ben/D-5055-2011; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 10 BP 542 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2012.06.005 PG 5 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 050LT UT WOS:000312055500003 PM 22784411 ER PT J AU Cabrera, A Trigo, C Cox, L Celis, R Hermosin, MC Cornejo, J Koskinen, WC AF Cabrera, A. Trigo, C. Cox, L. Celis, R. Hermosin, M. C. Cornejo, J. Koskinen, W. C. TI Sorption of the herbicide aminocyclopyrachlor by cation-modified clay minerals SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL COLLOIDS; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; MODEL ASSOCIATIONS; ORGANIC-COMPONENTS; ADSORPTION; MONTMORILLONITE; FORMULATIONS; PESTICIDES; COMPLEXES; FLUOMETURON AB Aminocyclopyrachlor (6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclopropyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a new herbicide, was approved by US-EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) in September 2010 for the control of broadleaf weeds, grasses, vines and woody species in non-crops, turf, sod farms and residential areas. At typical soil pH levels, aminocyclopyrachlor is anionic. Anionic pesticides are generally weakly retained by most soil and sediment components and are subject to potential transport offsite. One strategy to minimize the risk of offsite transport associated with weakly sorbed, highly mobile pesticides is the application of these chemicals supported on a sorbent, such as modified clay minerals which contain exchangeable inorganic and organic cations. The aim was to determine the ability of unmodified and modified clay minerals to sorb aminocyclopyrachlor. Two montmorillonites (Ca-Arizona montorillonite (SAz-1) and Na-Wyoming montmorillonite (SWy-2)) were used as unmodified clay minerals and were also modified with an inorganic cation (Fe3+), soil constituents (ferrihydrite, humic acid) and organic cations (hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA), hexadimethrine, spermine). Greater sorption of aminocyclopyrachlor was observed in the sorbentsolution systems with lower pH values, presumably because of protonation of the herbicide anion at low pH and subsequent sorption of molecular species and cationic species. FeSWy-2 (SWy-2 montmorillonite saturated with Fe3+; system pH = 4.6) was the best sorbent for aminocyclopyrachlor (86% of applied). The best organo-clay (SA-HDTMA) (system pH = 6.1) sorbed 53% of the applied herbicide. Binary and ternary model sorbents (system pH > 6.7) did not sorb aminocyclopyrachlor. At the lowest pH value studied (2.8), the organo-clay SW-Sper was the best sorbent system for aminocyclopyrachlor. Our recommendation for the best adsorbent is the clay mineral modified with Fe3+, although at pH values <3, the use of the organo-clay SW-Sperm could be also convenient. C1 [Cabrera, A.; Trigo, C.; Cox, L.; Celis, R.; Hermosin, M. C.; Cornejo, J.] Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla IRNASE CSIC, Seville 41080, Spain. [Koskinen, W. C.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cabrera, A (reprint author), Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla IRNASE CSIC, POB 1052, Seville 41080, Spain. EM macabrera@irnase.csic.es RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012; Cabrera, Alegria/B-4753-2012; COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015; OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774; Cabrera, Alegria/0000-0002-0421-3324; , LUCIA/0000-0003-2113-4780 FU Junta de Andalucia through the Grupo PAIDI AGR-264; MICINN [AGL2010-21421, AGL2008-04031]; European Structural and Social funds (FEDER-FSE); MEC/FECYT FX We thank Du Pont for supplying the analytical and radioactive aminocyclopyrachlor, and the financial support of Junta de Andalucia through the Grupo PAIDI AGR-264, and of the MICINN projects AGL2010-21421 and AGL2008-04031 cofinanced by European Structural and Social funds (FEDER-FSE). A. Cabrera thanks the MEC/FECYT for a postdoctoral fellowship. We appreciate the helpful comments of the reviewers and Editor in Chief for improving this article. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1351-0754 EI 1365-2389 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 63 IS 5 SI SI BP 694 EP 700 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2012.01466.x PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 044LA UT WOS:000311619500017 ER PT J AU Bar-Massada, A Hawbaker, TJ Stewart, SI Radeloff, VC AF Bar-Massada, Avi Hawbaker, Todd J. Stewart, Susan I. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Combining Satellite-Based Fire Observations and Ground-Based Lightning Detections to Identify Lightning Fires Across the Conterminous USA SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Fire; lightning; MODIS; NLDN ID FOREST-FIRES; UNITED-STATES; DETECTION NETWORK; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; MODIS; REGIMES; CLIMATE; DISCHARGES; AMERICA; PRODUCT AB Lightning fires are a common natural disturbance in North America, and account for the largest proportion of the area burned by wildfires each year. Yet, the spatiotemporal patterns of lightning fires in the conterminous US are not well understood due to limitations of existing fire databases. Our goal here was to develop and test an algorithm that combined MODIS fire detections with lightning detections from the National Lightning Detection Network to identify lightning fires across the conterminous US from 2000 to 2008. The algorithm searches for spatiotemporal conjunctions of MODIS fire clusters and NLDN detected lightning strikes, given a spatiotemporal lag between lightning strike and fire ignition. The algorithm revealed distinctive spatial patterns of lightning fires in the conterminous US While a sensitivity analysis revealed that the algorithm is highly sensitive to the two thresholds that are used to determine conjunction, the density of fires it detected was moderately correlated with ground based fire records. When only fires larger than 0.4 km(2) were considered, correlations were higher and the root-mean-square error between datasets was less than five fires per 625 km(2) for the entire study period. Our algorithm is thus suitable for detecting broad scale spatial patterns of lightning fire occurrence, and especially lightning fire hotspots, but has limited detection capability of smaller fires because these cannot be consistently detected by MODIS. These results may enhance our understanding of large scale patterns of lightning fire activity, and can be used to identify the broad scale factors controlling fire occurrence. C1 [Bar-Massada, Avi; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hawbaker, Todd J.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Bar-Massada, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barmassada@wisc.edu; tjhawbaker@usgs.gov; sistewart@fs.fed RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU US Forest Service Northern Research Station FX This work was supported in part by the US Forest Service Northern Research Station. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 5 IS 5 SI SI BP 1438 EP 1447 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2193665 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 040WZ UT WOS:000311358200012 ER PT J AU Suzuki, H Dowd, PF Johnson, ET Hum-Musser, SM Musser, RO AF Suzuki, Hideaki Dowd, Patrick F. Johnson, Eric T. Hum-Musser, Sue M. Musser, Richard O. TI Effects of Elevated Peroxidase Levels and Corn Earworm Feeding on Gene Expression in Tomato SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Corn earworm; Gel electrophoresis; Helicoverpa zea; Lepidoptera; Microarray analysis; Peroxidase; Plant defense; Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); Solanum lycopersicum; Tomato ID PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSES; ZEA-MAYS L; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; INSECT RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; SALICYLIC-ACID; HERBIVORES; TOBACCO AB Microarray analysis was used to measure the impact of herbivory by Helicoverpa zea, (corn earworm caterpillar) on wild-type and transgenic tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, plants that over-express peroxidase. Caterpillar herbivory had by far the greatest affect on gene expression, but the peroxidase transgene also altered the expression of a substantial number of tomato genes. Particularly high peroxidase activity resulted in the up-regulation of genes encoding proteinase inhibitors, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, as well as proteins associated with iron and calcium transport, and flowering. In a separate experiment conducted under similar conditions, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis confirmed our microarray results for many genes. There was some indication that multiple regulatory interactions occurred due to the interaction of the different treatments. While herbivory had the greatest impact on tomato gene expression, our results suggest that levels of expression of a multifunctional gene, such as peroxidase and its products, can influence other gene expression systems distinct from conventional signaling pathways, further indicating the complexity of plant defensive responses to insects. C1 [Suzuki, Hideaki; Hum-Musser, Sue M.; Musser, Richard O.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [Dowd, Patrick F.; Johnson, Eric T.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Musser, RO (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM RO-Musser@wiu.edu OI Musser, Richard/0000-0002-9331-4249; Johnson, Eric/0000-0002-1665-6229 FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Initiative [0820367]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service [2004-01540]; Western Illinois University Research Council; USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [3620-42000-040-00D, 3620-42000-041-00D] FX We thank L. Mark Lagrimini for providing initial tomato seed; A. Cranford, M. Doehring, D. Lee, and S. Williams for technical assistance; and F. E. Vega and A. P. Rooney for comments on prior versions of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Initiative (grant No. 0820367 to ROM and SHM), the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (grant No. 2004-01540 to ROM and SHM), the Western Illinois University Research Council, and USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS projects 3620-42000-040-00D and 3620-42000-041-00D. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1247 EP 1263 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0205-8 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 041IL UT WOS:000311394500005 PM 23135603 ER PT J AU Ablard, K Gries, R Khaskin, G Schaefer, PW Gries, G AF Ablard, Kelly Gries, Regine Khaskin, Grigori Schaefer, Paul W. Gries, Gerhard TI Does the Stereochemistry of Methylated Cuticular Hydrocarbons Contribute to Mate Recognition in the Egg Parasitoid Wasp Ooencyrtus kuvanae? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mate recognition; Stereoisomers; Cuticular hydrocarbons; Sex pheromone; Enantiomers; Pheromone antagonist; Absolute configuration; Stereochemistry; Parasitoid ID SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FALSE HEMLOCK LOOPER; CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION; MATING-BEHAVIOR; LYONETIA-PRUNIFOLIELLA; LAMBDINA-ATHASARIA; COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR; OPTICAL ISOMERS; APPLE LEAFMINER AB Close-range sexual communication of the egg parasitoid wasp Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) takes place on host gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), egg masses. We tested the hypothesis that mate recognition in O. kuvanae is mediated, in part, by low-volatility cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) pheromone components. Gas chromatographic and GC-mass spectrometric analyses of body surface extracts of male and female wasps revealed no sex-specific components, but 5-methylheptacosane (5-me-27Hy) and 5,17-dimethylheptacosane (5,17-dime-27Hy) were consistently more abundant in extracts of males. The ratio of 5-me-27Hy and 5,17-dime-27Hy was similar in extracts of males and females, and quantitative differences alone seemed insufficient to impart sex-specific CHC profiles. Therefore, we further hypothesized that the absolute configuration of 5-me-27Hy and 5,17-dime-27Hy contributes to mate recognition or attraction. As the stereoisomers of 5-me-27Hy and 5,17-dime-27Hy cannot currently be separated chromatographically, we could not determine the stereochemistry of the insect-produced components. Instead, we synthesized all stereoisomers and bioassayed synthetic blends in laboratory experiments. Of eight 2-component blends, each blend containing one of the two enantiomers of 5-me-27Hy and one of the four stereoisomers of 5,17-dime-27Hy, the blend of (5S)-methylheptacosane and (5R,17S)-dimethylheptacosane attracted males, whereas the blend of (5R)-methylheptacosane and (5R,17R)-dimethylheptacosane repelled males. Apparent recognition of both pheromone components and pheromone antagonists by males supports the hypothesis that the stereochemistry of 5-me-27Hy and 5,17-dime-27Hy, and possibly other methylated CHCs, may differ between male and female O. kuvanae, and that these differences may serve in mate attraction and recognition. C1 [Ablard, Kelly; Gries, Regine; Khaskin, Grigori; Gries, Gerhard] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Schaefer, Paul W.] USDA, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM gries@sfu.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSERC - Industrial Research Chair; Contech Enterprises; SC Johnson Canada; Global Forest Science [GF-18-2007-226, GF-18-2007-227] FX We thank G. Andersen, M. Andersen, H. Bottomley, U. Somjee, and O. Moeri for technical assistance; E. Kiehlmann for review of the manuscript, S. DeMuth for graphical illustrations, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. Funding was provided by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) - Discovery Grant and by an NSERC - Industrial Research Chair to G. G., with Contech Enterprises, SC Johnson Canada, and Global Forest Science (GF-18-2007-226; GF-18-2007-227) as sponsors. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1306 EP 1317 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0189-4 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 041IL UT WOS:000311394500011 PM 23007309 ER PT J AU Kweon, HJ Kim, MJ Lee, J Choi, C Yoon, TM Kang, IK AF Kweon, Hun-Joong Kim, Mok-Jong Lee, Jinwook Choi, Cheol Yoon, Tae-Myung Kang, In-Kyu TI Effects of Aminoethoxyyinylglycine Application and Heat Treatment on Fruit Quality of 'Fuji' Apples during CA Storage SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA Korean DT Article DE ethylene; flesh browning; flesh firmness; harvest date ID AMINOETHOXYVINYLGLYCINE; TEMPERATURE; RETENTION; FIRMNESS; CALCIUM; SEASON; TIME AB This study was carried out to investigate the effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) application and heat treatment on fruit quality of 'Fuji' apples during CA storage. AVG (75 mg.L-1) was applied to 'Fuji' tree at 150 and 175 days after full bloom (DAFB) and the fruit were harvested at 185, 195, and 205 DAFB, respectively. Respiration rate and ethylene production of fruit applied with AVG were greatly reduced more than those in control. Flesh firmness and acidity of fruit applied with AVG were higher than those in control. Flesh browning occurred in all of the control fruit regardless of harvest date. However, AVG-treated fruits were free of flesh browning except for late harvested fruits. At 185 DAFB, 'Fuji' apples were harvested and prestorage heat treatment was done for 3 days at 38 degrees C and 6 hours at 46 degrees C. Heat treatment at 38 degrees C and 46 degrees C prior to CA storage greatly reduced respiration rate and ethylene production. The incidence of flesh browning were 35%, 14%, and 5%, in control fruit, heating at 38 degrees C and 46 degrees C, respectively. The titratable acidity was lower at heated apple than at controlled one. C1 [Choi, Cheol; Yoon, Tae-Myung; Kang, In-Kyu] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Kweon, Hun-Joong; Kim, Mok-Jong] Natl Inst Hort & Herbal Sci, Apple Res Stn, Gunwi 716810, South Korea. [Lee, Jinwook] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Kang, IK (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM kangik@knu.ac.kr NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU KOREAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI SUWON PA C/O NATL HORTICULTURAL RES INST, IMOK-DONG 475, JANGAN-GU, SUWON, 440-706, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-8763 J9 KOREAN J HORTIC SCI JI Korean J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 30 IS 5 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.7235/hort.2012.12112 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 042GQ UT WOS:000311460100007 ER PT J AU Lee, S Rajasekaran, K Ramanarao, MV Bedre, R Bhatnagar, D Baisakh, N AF Lee, Seokhyun Rajasekaran, Kanniah Ramanarao, Mangu Venkata Bedre, Renesh Bhatnagar, Deepak Baisakh, Niranjan TI Identifying cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genes induced in response to Aspergillus flavus infection SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Annealing control primer; Cotton; Gene expression; Locule; Pericarp ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA LOISEL; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; SALT STRESS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; LIGASE ACTIVITY; PROTEIN GENE; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; DEFENSE; MAIZE AB Development of aflatoxin-resistant cotton against Aspergillus flavus is handicapped by the lack of resistance source in available germplasm. Genetic engineering warrants for identification of resistanc-associated genes in cotton. As a first step toward this, we isolated 44 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to A. flavus infection, using annealing control primer system. Different functional classification of the DEGs suggested a complex and multi-factorial plant-fungus interaction. Eight DEGs, including transcription factors, kinase, and downstream stress responsive genes, showed a tissue- and time-dependent differences in their expression. The upregulated genes can be used as transgenes and/or functional markers for breeding aflatoxin-resistant cottonseed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Seokhyun; Ramanarao, Mangu Venkata; Bedre, Renesh; Baisakh, Niranjan] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rajasekaran, Kanniah; Bhatnagar, Deepak] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Baisakh, N (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM nbaisakh@agcenter.lsu.edu FU USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement (SCA) [58-6435-0-529] FX The authors thank Greg Ford for help with the fungal inoculation of cotton bolls. The financial support from USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement (SCA # 58-6435-0-529) is gratefully acknowledged. This manuscript is published with the approval by the Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as manuscript # 2012-306-7535. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 80 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2012.08.001 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 042PT UT WOS:000311484000006 ER PT J AU Ebert, CH Witte, TM Houk, RS AF Ebert, Chris H. Witte, Travis M. Houk, R. S. TI Investigation into the behavior of metal-argon polyatomic ions (MAr+) in the extraction region of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Inductively coupled plasma ICP; ICP mass spectrometry; MAr plus ions; Polyatomic ions ID ICP-MS; DISSOCIATION TEMPERATURE; PROBE MEASUREMENTS; COLLISION CELL; LASER-ABLATION; GAS-DYNAMICS; INTERFERENCES; REDUCTION; INTERFACE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The abundances of metal-argon polyatomic ions (MAr+) are determined in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ratios of MAr+ abundance to that for M+ ions are measured experimentally. These ratios are compared to expected values, calculated for typical plasma conditions using spectroscopic data. For all metals studied (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn), the measured ratios are significantly lower than the calculated ratios. Increasing the plasma potential (and thereby increasing the ion kinetic energy) by means of a homemade guard electrode with a wide gap further reduces the MAr+/M+ ratio. Implementing a skimmer cone designed for high transmission of light ions increases the MAr+ abundance. Considering this evidence, the scarcity of MAr+ ions is attributed to collision induced dissociation (CID), likely due to a shock wave at the tip of or in the throat of the skimmer cone. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ebert, Chris H.; Witte, Travis M.; Houk, R. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rshouk@iastate.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy-National Nuclear Security Agency [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Nonproliferation [NA-22] FX Research at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy-National Nuclear Security Agency under contract number DE-AC02-07CH11358. The XSeries2 instrument was obtained through funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Nonproliferation (NA-22). The authors thank Elemental Scientific, Inc. for providing the APEX desolvator and PFA nebulizer. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 76 SI SI BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2012.06.046 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 036EG UT WOS:000311008600015 ER PT J AU Fischnaller, S Dowell, FE Lusser, A Schlick-Steiner, BC Steiner, FM AF Fischnaller, Stefanie Dowell, Floyd E. Lusser, Alexandra Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C. Steiner, Florian M. TI Non-destructive species identification of Drosophila obscura and D. subobscura (Diptera) using near-infrared spectroscopy SO FLY LA English DT Article DE Drosophila obscura; Drosophila subobscura; species identification; near-infrared spectroscopy; cuticular hydrocarbons; laboratory adaptation ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; LABORATORY ENVIRONMENT; EVOLUTION; AGE; ADAPTATION; PSEUDOOBSCURA; PERMEABILITY; POLYMORPHISM; RECOGNITION; PHEROMONES AB The vinegar flies Drosophila subobscura and D. obscura frequently serve as study organisms for evolutionary biology. Their high morphological similarity renders traditional species determination difficult, especially when living specimens for setting up laboratory populations need to be identified. Here we test the usefulness of cuticular chemical profiles collected via the non-invasive method near-infrared spectroscopy for discriminating live individuals of the two species. We find a classification success for wild-caught specimens of 85%. The species specificity of the chemical profiles persists in laboratory offspring (87-92% success). Thus, we conclude that the cuticular chemistry is genetically determined, despite changes in the cuticular fingerprints, which we interpret as due to laboratory adaptation, genetic drift and/or diet changes. However, because of these changes, laboratory-reared specimens should not be used to predict the species-membership of wild-caught individuals, and vice versa. Finally, we demonstrate that by applying an appropriate cut-off value for interpreting the prediction values, the classification success can be immensely improved (to up to 99%), albeit at the cost of excluding a considerable portion of specimens from identification. C1 [Fischnaller, Stefanie; Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C.; Steiner, Florian M.] Univ Innsbruck, Mol Ecol Grp, Inst Ecol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Dowell, Floyd E.] ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS USA. [Lusser, Alexandra] Innsbruck Med Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Bioctr, Innsbruck, Austria. RP Fischnaller, S (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Mol Ecol Grp, Inst Ecol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM stefanie.fischnaller@gmail.com FU University of Innsbruck; FWF [P 23949-B17] FX We thank Heike Perlinger and Clemens Folterbauer for assistance in the laboratory, Alexander Rief for sampling assistance, Regina Medgyesy for help in compiling literature, Gerhard Bachli for help with morphological species identification and two anonymous referees for constructive criticism. This research was funded by the University of Innsbruck; F. M. S. was supported by FWF P 23949-B17. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1933-6934 EI 1933-6942 J9 FLY JI Fly PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 6 IS 4 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.4161/fly.21535 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 037BT UT WOS:000311076700009 PM 22885252 ER PT J AU Chen, X Peterson, J Nachman, RJ Ganetzky, B AF Chen, Xu Peterson, Jonathan Nachman, Ronald J. Ganetzky, Barry TI Drosulfakinin activates CCKLR-17D1 and promotes larval locomotion and escape response in Drosophila SO FLY LA English DT Article DE Drosulfakinin; CCKLR; neuropeptide; GPCR; larval locomotion ID NEUROPEPTIDE RECEPTORS; PROTEIN; MELANOGASTER; SCHISTOFLRFAMIDE; CHOLECYSTOKININ; IDENTIFICATION; MODULATION; EXPRESSION AB Neuropeptides are ubiquitous in both mammals and invertebrates and play essential roles in regulation and modulation of many developmental and physiological processes through activation of G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs). However, the mechanisms by which many of the neuropeptides regulate specific neural function and behaviors remain undefined. Here we investigate the functions of Drosulfakinin (DSK), the Drosophila homolog of vertebrate neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK), which is the most abundant neuropeptide in the central nervous system. We provide biochemical evidence that sulfated DSK-1 and DSK-2 activate the CCKLR-17D1 receptor in a cell culture assay. We further examine the role of DSK and CCKLR-17D1 in the regulation of larval locomotion, both in a semi-intact larval preparation and in intact larvae under intense light exposure. Our results suggest that DSK/CCKLR-17D1 signaling promote larval body wall muscle contraction and is necessary for mediating locomotor behavior in stress-induced escape response. C1 [Chen, Xu; Peterson, Jonathan; Ganetzky, Barry] Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Nachman, Ronald J.] USDA, Insect Neuropeptide Lab, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Ganetzky, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ganetzky@wisc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [NS15390]; USDA/DoD DWFP Initiative [0500-32000-001-01R] FX We are grateful to Paul Taghert for generously sharing reagents for GPCR-beta-arrestin2 translocation assay and for providing many helpful suggestions. We thank Allen Laughon for providing access to cell culture facility and reagents, and Bloom ington Stock Center for providing fly stocks used in these experiments. We thank all members of the Ganetzky laboratory for helpful discussion and critical comments on the project. This research was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NS15390) to B. G. and a grant from the USDA/DoD DWFP Initiative (#0500-32000-001-01R) to R.J.N. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6934 J9 FLY JI Fly PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 6 IS 4 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.4161/fly.21534 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 037BT UT WOS:000311076700010 PM 22885328 ER PT J AU Sleddens, EFC Hughes, SO O'Connor, TM Beltran, A Baranowski, JC Nicklas, TA Baranowski, T AF Sleddens, Ester F. C. Hughes, Sheryl O. O'Connor, Teresia M. Beltran, Alicia Baranowski, Janice C. Nicklas, Theresa A. Baranowski, Tom TI REPLY TO PUTNAM'S COMMENTARY ON PROMISE OF, PROBLEMS WITH, AND POTENTIAL REFINEMENT OF THE "EXTREMELY SHORT FORM OF THE CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOR QUESTIONNAIRE" SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TEMPERAMENT C1 [Sleddens, Ester F. C.] Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, NUTRIM Sch Nutr Toxicol & Metab, Dept Hlth Promot, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [Hughes, Sheryl O.; O'Connor, Teresia M.; Beltran, Alicia; Baranowski, Janice C.; Nicklas, Theresa A.; Baranowski, Tom] ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, USDA,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Sleddens, EFC (reprint author), Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, NUTRIM Sch Nutr Toxicol & Metab, Dept Hlth Promot, POB 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. EM ester.sleddens@maastrichtuniversity.nl RI Sleddens, Ester/D-7018-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMMONS SCIENTIFIC, LTD PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807-9229 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 111 IS 2 BP 621 EP 623 DI 10.2466/08.10.21.PR0.111.5.621-623 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 036DW UT WOS:000311007600025 ER PT J AU Zhao, W Yang, RJ Zhang, HQ AF Zhao, Wei Yang, Ruijin Zhang, Howard Q. TI Recent advances in the action of pulsed electric fields on enzymes and food component proteins SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LIQUID WHOLE EGG; POLYPHENOLOXIDASE INACTIVATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGE; APPLE JUICE; MILK; TEMPERATURE; PEF; AGGREGATION; LYSOZYME AB Pulsed electric fields (PEF) possess high potential and a promising future in food processing to pasteurize pumpable foods and reduce enzymatic activity. Compared with conventional thermal pasteurization methods, foods were less affected initially after PEF processing and were maintained in higher quality throughout storage period. Currently, this technology is progressing from laboratory and a pilot plant scale levels to commercial scale. In the last few years, the increasing number of studies demonstrated that PEF processing is effective in inactivating most endogenous enzymes in foods. PEF processing is also successfully applied to pasteurize protein-based foods. Although PEF processing caused milder alteration to quality of protein-based foods compared with thermal pasteurization, many studies have looked at the changes in stability and function of food proteins after PEF processing. The change in structures and functions of proteins (enzymes and food component proteins) in PEF processing is receiving considerable attention. The aim of this review is to update the state of the art regarding the associated molecular mechanisms underlying the action of PEF on protein from primary to quaternary structures and from unfolding to aggregation. This knowledge would allow industry and consumers to better understand and evaluate the potential of PEF technology as an alternative or complement to traditional methods of food preservation. C1 [Yang, Ruijin] Jiangnan Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Wei] Jiangnan Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Howard Q.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Yang, RJ (reprint author), Jiangnan Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. EM yrj@jiangnan.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of PR China [31000829, 31101376]; Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation [BK2010148]; Jiangsu Provincial union innovation fund among industries, universities and research institutes [SBY201020121]; National "863" project [2011AA100801-02]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [B07029] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Project 31000829 and 31101376 of the National Natural Science Foundation of PR China, the Project BK2010148 of Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation. This study was also supported by Jiangsu Provincial union innovation fund among industries, universities and research institutes (SBY201020121) and National "863" project (2011AA100801-02), 111 project-B07029 Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 93 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.05.007 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 036CL UT WOS:000311003900003 ER PT J AU Brockmeier, SL Loving, CL Vorwald, AC Kehrli, ME Baker, RB Nicholson, TL Lager, KM Miller, LC Faaberg, KS AF Brockmeier, Susan L. Loving, Crystal L. Vorwald, Ann C. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. Baker, Rodney B. Nicholson, Tracy L. Lager, Kelly M. Miller, Laura C. Faaberg, Kay S. TI Genomic sequence and virulence comparison of four Type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV); Genomic sequence; Virulence; Pathogenicity ID CYSTEINE PROTEASE DOMAIN; GERM-FREE PIGS; BORDETELLA-BRONCHISEPTICA; NORTH-AMERICAN; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN-2; INTRANASAL INOCULATION; MOLECULAR DISSECTION; ENVELOPE PROTEINS; INFECTIOUS CLONE; VACCINE STRAIN AB Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a ubiquitous and costly virus that exhibits substantial sequence and virulence disparity among diverse isolates. In this study, we compared the whole genomic sequence and virulence of 4 Type 2 PRRSV isolates. Among the 4 isolates, SDSU73, MN184, and NADC30 were all clearly more virulent than NADC31, and among the 3 more virulent isolates, there were subtle differences based on viral replication, lung lesions, lymphadenopathy, febrile response, decreased weight gains, and cytokine responses in the lung. Lesions consistent with bacterial bronchopneumonia were present to varying degrees in pigs infected with PRRSV, and bacteria typically associated with the porcine respiratory disease complex were isolated from the lung of these pigs. Genomic sequence evaluation indicates that SDSU73 is most similar to the nucleotide sequence of JA142, the parental strain of Ingelvac (R) PRRS ATP, while the nucleotide sequences of NADC30 and NADC31 are more similar to strain MN184. Both the NADC30 and NADC31 isolates of PRRSV, isolated in 2008, maintain the nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) deletion seen in MN184 that was isolated in 2001, but NADC31 has two additional 15 and 36 nucleotide deletions, and these strains are 8-14% different on a nucleotide basis from the MN184 strain. These results indicate that newer U.S. Type 2 strains still exhibit variability in sequence and pathogenicity and although PRRSV strains appear to be reducing the size of the nsp2 over time, this does not necessarily mean that the strain is more virulent. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brockmeier, Susan L.; Loving, Crystal L.; Vorwald, Ann C.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.; Nicholson, Tracy L.; Lager, Kelly M.; Miller, Laura C.; Faaberg, Kay S.] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Baker, Rodney B.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Brockmeier, SL (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Susan.Brockmeier@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 NR 49 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 169 IS 1 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.07.030 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 037VE UT WOS:000311133800027 PM 23073232 ER PT J AU Li, HM Ji, J Xie, QM Shang, HQ Zhang, HM Xin, XG Chen, F Sun, BL Xue, CY Ma, JY Bi, YZ AF Li, Hongmei Ji, Jun Xie, Qingmei Shang, Huiqin Zhang, Huanmin Xin, Xuegang Chen, Feng Sun, Baoli Xue, Chunyi Ma, Jingyun Bi, Yingzuo TI Aberrant expression of liver microRNA in chickens infected with subgroup J avian leukosis virus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MicroRNA; Subgroup J avian leukosis virus; Chicken ID CANCER-CELL-PROLIFERATION; LAYER FLOCKS; LEUKEMIA; CHINA; DIFFERENTIATION; NORMALIZATION; SUPPRESSION; PROGRESSION; LYMPHOMA; TARGETS AB Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is an oncogenic retrovirus primarily causing myeloid leukosis (ML) in broilers. Although ALV is well under control in a few countries including the USA, poultry industry in many parts of the world continues suffering from serious economic loss due to sporadic or widespread ALV infection, especially ALV-J infection. ALV-J infection of chickens is reportedly mediated by a cellular receptor. So far, however, no genetic variant of the receptor gene that confers resistance to ALV-J has been identified. To advance our understanding on epigenetic factors that are involved in the event of ALV-J infection, we examined the expression of miRNAs in livers of 10-week-old chickens uninfected or infected with ALV-J by miRNA microarray analysis. Our data showed there were 12 miRNAs differentially expressed in liver between the uninfected and infected groups (P < 0.01). Of which, the expressions of seven miRNAs (gga-mir-221, gga-mir-222, gga-mir-1456, gga-mir-1704, gga-mir-1777, gga-mir-1790, and gga-mir-2127,) were upregulated by ALV-J infection and may be involved in oncogenicity. The other five miRNAs (gga-let-7b, gga-let-7i, gga-mir-125b, gga-mir-375, and gga-mir-458) were significantly downregulated. The downregulated miRNAs may play important roles in tumor suppression. This finding paves the way for further exploration of epigenetic influence on tumorigenicity upon ALV-J infection. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Hongmei; Ji, Jun; Xie, Qingmei; Shang, Huiqin; Chen, Feng; Sun, Baoli; Ma, Jingyun; Bi, Yingzuo] S China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Huanmin] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Xin, Xuegang] Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Anim Sci, State Key Lab Livestock & Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. [Xue, Chunyi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Xie, QM (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM qmx@scau.edu.cn; yzbi@scau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31072152]; Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol [SKLBC2010K07] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31072152) and the Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (SKLBC2010K07). The authors thank Prof. Cui in Shandong Agricultural University, China, for providing the NX0101 strain of virus for this study. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 169 IS 1 BP 268 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.07.003 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 037VE UT WOS:000311133800034 PM 22800510 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS Vaddella, VK AF Sharratt, B. S. Vaddella, V. K. TI Threshold friction velocity of soils within the Columbia Plateau SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wind erosion; Friction velocity; PM10; Windblown dust ID WIND-EROSION MODEL; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CROPPING SYSTEMS; AIR-QUALITY; DUST; PM10; ENTRAINMENT; ROUGHNESS; EMISSION AB Wind erosion only occurs when the friction velocity exceeds the threshold friction velocity (TFV) of the surface. The TFV of loessial soils found across the Columbia Plateau region of the U.S. Pacific Northwest is virtually unknown even though these soils are highly erodible and a source of atmospheric particulates that reduce air quality. The TFV's of a sandy loam and four silt barns collected from field sites in eastern Washington were determined by systematically measuring the temporal variation in wind speed, saltation activity, and PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of <= 10 mu m) and TSP (total suspended particulate matter) concentrations above the soil surface inside a wind tunnel. The erodible fraction of each soil, obtained by drying and screening the soil, was placed in a tray inside the wind tunnel. The TFV for the sandy loam was 0.139 m s(-1) whereas the TFV for the four silt barns ranged from 0.180-0.239 m s(-1). The sandy loam was aerodynamically smoother than that of the silt barns, possibly due to a smaller size fraction of larger soil aggregates or particles on the surface of the sandy loam. The TFV's measured in this study were lower than those previously observed in the field in the Columbia Plateau and also lower than the minimum TFV required to initiate erosion in some wind erosion models. While these TFV's are representative of the erodible soil fraction, the low TFV's may contribute to the occasional poor performance of wind erosion models in the region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sharratt, B. S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Vaddella, V. K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Brenton.Sharratt@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 6 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.06.002 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 034GY UT WOS:000310862100002 ER PT J AU Rustad, LE Campbell, JL AF Rustad, Lindsey E. Campbell, John L. TI A novel ice storm manipulation experiment in a northern hardwood forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS; FREEZING RAIN; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; INTEGRATED APPROACH; POSSIBLE IMPACTS; NEW-YORK; DAMAGE; CANADA; DISTURBANCE; ECOLOGY AB Ice storms are an important natural disturbance within forest ecosystems of the northeastern United States. Current models suggest that the frequency and severity of ice storms may increase in the coming decades in response to changes in climate. Because of the stochastic nature of ice storms and difficulties in predicting their occurrence, most past investigations of the ecological effects of ice storms across this region have been based on case studies following major storms. Here we report on a novel alternative approach where a glaze ice event was created experimentally under controlled conditions at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Water was sprayed over a northern hardwood forest canopy during February 2011, resulting in 7-12 mm radial ice thickness. Although this is below the minimum cutoff for ice storm warnings (13 mm of ice) issued by the US National Weather Service for the northeastern United States, this glaze ice treatment resulted in significant canopy damage, with 142 and 218 g C.m(-2) of fine and coarse woody debris (respectively) deposited on the forest floor, a significant increase in leaf-on canopy openness, and increases in qualitative damage assessments following the treatment. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a relatively simple approach to simulating an ice storm and underscores the potency of this type of extreme event in shaping the future structure and function of northern hardwood forest ecosystems. C1 [Rustad, Lindsey E.; Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Rustad, LE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM lrustad@fs.fed.us OI Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 FU USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Amey Bailey, John Bennink, Ian Halm, Nicholas Grant, Christopher Hansen, Bethany Laursen, Daniel Ott, and Tammy Wooster for help with fieldwork, laboratory analyses, and data analysis. We also appreciate help from Michelle Day in analyzing the hemispherical photographs and to Paul Schaberg for providing support and comment on the project. Funding for this study was provided by the USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative and the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. This manuscript is a contribution of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. Hubbard Brook is part of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1810 EP 1818 DI 10.1139/X2012-120 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 033XY UT WOS:000310835900006 ER PT J AU Pederson, N Tackett, K McEwan, RW Clark, S Cooper, A Brosi, G Eaton, R Stockwell, RD AF Pederson, Neil Tackett, Kacie McEwan, Ryan W. Clark, Stacy Cooper, Adrienne Brosi, Glade Eaton, Ray Stockwell, R. Drew TI Long-term drought sensitivity of trees in second-growth forests in a humid region SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RADIAL GROWTH; TIME-SERIES; LIFE-SPAN; CLIMATE; USA; HISTORY; OAK; RECONSTRUCTION; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES AB Classical field methods of reconstructing drought using tree rings in humid, temperate regions typically target old trees from drought-prone sites. This approach limits investigators to a handful of species and excludes large amounts of data that might be useful, especially for coverage gaps in large-scale networks. By sampling in more "typical" forests, network density and species diversity would increase in ways that could potentially improve reconstructions. Ten nonclassical tree-ring chronologies derived from randomly selected trees, trees from logged forests, or both were compared to more classical chronologies and an independent regional drought reconstruction to determine their usefulness for dendrohydroclimatic research. We find that nonclassical chronologies are significantly correlated to classical chronologies and reconstructed drought over the last 2-3 centuries. While nonclassical chronologies have spectral properties similar to those from classical dendroclimatic collections, they do lack spectral power at lower frequencies that are present in the drought reconstruction. Importantly, our results show that tree growth is strongly dependent on moisture availability, even for small, randomly selected trees in cut forests. These results indicate that there could be more data available in areas with few current tree-ring collections for studying climate history and that drought plays an important role in humid forests. C1 [Pederson, Neil; Tackett, Kacie; Cooper, Adrienne; Brosi, Glade; Eaton, Ray; Stockwell, R. Drew] Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Cumberland Lab Forest Sci, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. [McEwan, Ryan W.] Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Clark, Stacy] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Pederson, N (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, 61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM adk@ldeo.columbia.edu FU KSNPC Small Grant Program; USFS Southern Research Station; Kentucky Academy of Sciences; EKU University Resesearch Committee; Kentucky Natural History Society FX This research was funded through the KSNPC Small Grant Program (N.P.), the USFS Southern Research Station (N.P. and S. C.), Kentucky Academy of Sciences (A. C.), EKU University Resesearch Committee (K. T.), and Kentucky Natural History Society (A. C. and K. T.). Thanks to J. Bender, M. Evans, and K. Napier for permission to sample in Blanton Forest, Floracliff Sanctuary, and Tom Dorman, J. Strojan, P. Rousopoulos, and D. Taylor of the DNNF for permission to sample in the Cold Hill District, Rock Creek Research Natural Area, and on Whittleton Ridge, C. Cook for crossdating and measuring many of the Blanton Forest samples, C. Cook, T. Evans, R. Gaines and son, C. Lattin, and L. Watt for field assistance, EKU Fall 2009 Forest Ecology class for coring at Tom Dorman, M. Flanary and Kentucky Natural Lands Trust for additional logistical support, C. Leland for map preparation, Drs. Cook, Orwig, and van de Gevel for their conversations, three anonymous reviewers who improved this analysis and manuscript, and K. Ross and C. Leland for assistance in manuscript preparation. Lamont contribution 7599. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 38 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1837 EP 1850 DI 10.1139/x2012-130 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 033XY UT WOS:000310835900009 ER PT J AU Britzke, ER Loeb, SC Romanek, CS Hobson, KA Vonhof, MJ AF Britzke, E. R. Loeb, S. C. Romanek, C. S. Hobson, K. A. Vonhof, M. J. TI Variation in catchment areas of Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) hibernacula inferred from stable hydrogen (delta H-2) isotope analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catchment area; deuterium; hibernacula; Indiana bat; Myotis sodalis; migration; stable isotope analysis ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; PLECOTUS-AURITUS; POPULATION-SIZE; SWARMING SITES; ANIMAL MIGRATION; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; HOST MIGRATION; NATTERERS BATS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES AB Understanding seasonal movements of bats is important for effective conservation efforts. Although female Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis Miller and Allen, 1928) have been documented to migrate >500 km, knowledge of their migratory patterns is still extremely limited. We used the relationship between latitude and stable hydrogen isotope ratio in bat hair (delta H-2(hair)) to estimate the north south extent of the summer range (catchment area) of bats hibernating in 14 Indiana bat hibernacula in eight states throughout its range. Range of delta H-2(hair) values varied substantially among hibernacula, suggesting large differences among sites in the north south distance travelled by bats between summer and winter habitats. In particular, hibernacula in the southern portion of the range had greater catchment areas than those in the central and northern portions of the range. Variability in movement distances among sites was not associated with the number of hair samples analyzed or colony size. Significant year-to-year variation (2007-2008 to 2008-2009) in the distribution of delta H-2(hair) for two sites in Tennessee was observed. Currently, hibernacula considered important for species conservation are largely determined by population size, but our results suggest that migratory diversity should also be considered. C1 [Britzke, E. R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Loeb, S. C.] Clemson Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Romanek, C. S.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Hobson, K. A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Vonhof, M. J.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Vonhof, M. J.] Western Michigan Univ, Environm Studies Program, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Britzke, ER (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Eric.R.Britzke@usace.army.mil FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Bat Conservation International FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, and Bat Conservation International. Numerous researchers assisted with collection of samples, including T. Carter, R. Clawson, M. Craddock, R. Currie, A. Hicks, and C. Stihler, NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 38 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1243 EP 1250 DI 10.1139/Z2012-093 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 034GC UT WOS:000310859700005 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Hawkins, BA Lei, FM Miller, GL Favret, C Zhang, RL Qiao, GX AF Huang, Xiaolei Hawkins, Bradford A. Lei, Fumin Miller, Gary L. Favret, Colin Zhang, Ruiling Qiao, Gexia TI Willing or unwilling to share primary biodiversity data: results and implications of an international survey SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Biodiversity; conservation; data archiving; data sharing; database; journal policy; primary biodiversity data ID DATABASES; ECOLOGY; SCIENCES; BIOLOGY; LIFE AB Biodiversity science and conservation increasingly depend on the sharing and integration of large amounts of data, but many researchers resist sharing their primary biodiversity data. We recently conducted an international survey to ascertain the attitudes, experiences, and expectations regarding biodiversity data sharing and archiving of researchers. The results show that whereas most respondents are willing to share article-related biodiversity data, more than 60% of respondents are unwilling to share primary data before publishing. Results indicate an underdeveloped culture of data sharing and several major technological and operational barriers. A major concern for researchers is appropriate benefits from data sharing. Most respondents would accept data archiving policies of journals. Researchers also express concerns about how to easily and efficiently deal with data and data quality in public databases. Expectations for biodiversity databases include standardization of data format, user-friendly data submission tools, formats for different types of data, and coordination among databases. The survey results provide suggestions for improving data sharing and archiving by individual scientists, organizations, journals, and databases. C1 [Huang, Xiaolei; Lei, Fumin; Zhang, Ruiling; Qiao, Gexia] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Zool Systemat & Evolut, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Huang, Xiaolei; Hawkins, Bradford A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Miller, Gary L.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Favret, Colin] Univ Montreal, Biodivers Ctr, Montreal, PQ H1X 2B2, Canada. RP Qiao, GX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Zool Systemat & Evolut, 1 Beichen W Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM huangxl@ioz.ac.cn; qiaogx@ioz.ac.cn RI Favret, Colin/F-7726-2012; OI Favret, Colin/0000-0001-6243-3184; Huang, Xiaolei/0000-0002-6839-9922 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 5 IS 5 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00259.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 017PI UT WOS:000309602300009 ER PT J AU Meddens, AJH Hicke, JA Ferguson, CA AF Meddens, Arjan J. H. Hicke, Jeffrey A. Ferguson, Charles A. TI Spatiotemporal patterns of observed bark beetle-caused tree mortality in British Columbia and the western United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; bark beetles; British Columbia; forest disturbance; mortality area; tree mortality; western United States ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; WHITEBARK-PINE; OUTBREAK; DISTURBANCES; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; INVENTORY; COLORADO; IMAGERY AB Outbreaks of aggressive bark beetle species cause widespread tree mortality, affecting timber production, wildlife habitat, wildfire, forest composition and structure, biogeochemical cycling, and biogeophysical processes. As a result, agencies responsible for forest management in the United States and British Columbia conduct aerial surveys to map these forest disturbances. Here we combined aerial surveys from British Columbia (20012010) and the western conterminous United States (1997-2010), produced 1-km(2) grids of the area of crown mortality from bark beetle attack, and analyzed spatial and temporal patterns. We converted aerial-survey polygon data for each combination of host type and bark beetle species available in the western United States, and for each bark beetle species available in British Columbia. We converted affected area (which includes live and killed trees) to mortality area (crown area of killed trees) using species-specific crown diameters and the number (U.S.) or percentage (British Columbia) of killed trees. In the United States we also produced an upper estimate of mortality area by forcing the mortality area to match that from high-resolution imagery in Idaho, Colorado, and New Mexico. Resulting adjustment factors of 3.7-20.9 illustrate the underestimate of mortality by the U.S. aerial surveys. The upper estimate, which we suggest is more realistic, better matched the spatial patterns and severity of the British Columbia mortality area. Cumulative mortality area from all bark beetles was 5.46 Mha in British Columbia in 2001-2010 and 0.47-5.37 Mha (lower and upper estimate) in the western conterminous United States during 1997-2010. We note that we report year of detection here; studies that consider year of tree mortality should shift the time series back one year. We conclude by discussing uses and limitations of these data in ecological studies, including uncertainties associated with assumptions in the methods, lack of complete coverage by surveys, and the subjective nature of the survey databases. C1 [Meddens, Arjan J. H.] Univ Idaho, Environm Sci Program, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Ferguson, Charles A.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Raleigh, NC 27609 USA. RP Meddens, AJH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Environm Sci Program, 810 W 7th St,McClure Hall 203, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ameddens@uidaho.edu RI Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013 FU NOAA [NA09OAR4310194]; NSF ETBC [0910831]; DOE; USDA Forest Service Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center FX This research was supported by NOAA grant NA09OAR4310194, NSF ETBC grant 0910831, DOE funding, and the USDA Forest Service Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center. We thank all U.S. and Canadian forest management personnel involved in the acquisition and processing of the aerial surveys, and the USDA Forest Service (especially Jeanine Paschke) and British Columbia Ministry of Forests for making these data available digitally. Bryan Pettit provided assistance in converting the data sets, and Fei Chen, Michael Barlage, and Christine Wiedinmyer (NCAR) and Eric Smith (USFS FHTET) provided helpful discussions and advice. We appreciate the helpful suggestions of two reviewers and the USDA Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, which improved the manuscript. NR 54 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 8 U2 100 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1876 EP 1891 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GA UT WOS:000310626100002 PM 23210306 ER PT J AU Jovan, S Riddell, J Padgett, PE Nash, TH AF Jovan, Sarah Riddell, Jennifer Padgett, Pamela E. Nash, Thomas H., III TI Eutrophic lichens respond to multiple forms of N: implications for critical levels and critical loads research SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ammonia; bark pH; bioindicators; critical levels of N gas concentrations; critical loads of N deposition; eutrophic lichens; lichens; nitric acid; nitrogen; nitrophytes; southern California, USA; throughfall deposition ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; EPIPHYTIC LICHENS; BARK PH; INORGANIC NITROGEN; RAMALINA-MENZIESII; AIR-POLLUTION; COMMUNITIES; AMMONIA AB Epiphytic lichen communities are highly sensitive to excess nitrogen (N), which causes the replacement of native floras by N-tolerant, "weedy" eutrophic species. This shift is commonly used as the indicator of ecosystem "harm" in studies developing empirical critical levels (CLE) for ammonia (NH3) and critical loads (CLO) for N. To be most effective, empirical CLE and/or CLO must firmly link lichen response to causal pollutant(s), which is difficult to accomplish in field studies in part because the high cost of N measurements limits their use. For this case study we synthesized an unprecedented array of atmospheric N measurements across 22 long-term monitoring sites in the Los Angeles Basin, California, USA: gas concentrations of NH3, nitric acid (HNO3), nitrogen dioxide, and ozone (n = 10 sites); N deposition in throughfall (n = 8 sites); modeled estimates of eight different forms of N (n = 22 sites); and nitrate deposition accumulated on oak twigs (n = 22 sites). We sampled lichens on black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newb.), and scored plots using two indices of eutroph (N tolerant species) abundance to characterize the community-level response to N. Our results contradict two common assertions about the lichen-N response: (1) that eutrophs respond specifically to NH3 and (2) that the response necessarily depends upon the increased pH of lichen substrates. Eutroph abundance related significantly but weakly to NH3 (r(2) = 0.48). Total N deposition as measured in canopy throughfall was by far the best predictor of eutroph abundance (r(2) = 0.94), indicating that eutrophs respond to multiple forms of N. Most N variables had significant correlations to eutroph abundance (r(2) = 0.36-0.62) as well as to each other (r(2) = 0.61-0.98), demonstrating the risk of mistaken causality in CLE/CLO field studies that lack sufficient calibration data. Our data furthermore suggest that eutroph abundance is primarily driven by N inputs, not substrate pH, at least at the high-pH values found in the basin (4.8-6.1). Eutroph abundance correlated negatively with trunk bark pH (r(2) = 0.43), exactly the opposite of virtually all previous studies of eutroph behavior. This correlation probably results because HNO3 dominates N deposition in our study region. C1 [Jovan, Sarah] USDA, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Forest Serv, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Riddell, Jennifer; Padgett, Pamela E.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Riddell, Jennifer; Nash, Thomas H., III] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Jovan, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Forest Serv, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM sjovan@fs.fed.us FU Air Resource Management Group, USFS; Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program FX We thank Mike McCorison (Air Resource Management Group, USFS) and the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, for funding this research. Andrzej Bytnerowicz (Pacific Southwest Research Station, USFS) provided all passive monitoring data for nitrogen gases and ozone. We are grateful to both Andrzej and Mark Fenn (Pacific Southwest Research Station, USFS) for many helpful discussions about N conditions in the Los Angeles Basin. Ken Sweat (Arizona State University) provided assistance in the field. Thank you also to the two anonymous reviewers who provided insightful comments on the study manuscript. NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1910 EP 1922 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GA UT WOS:000310626100004 PM 23210308 ER PT J AU Bonnaillie, LM Tomasula, PM AF Bonnaillie, Laetitia M. Tomasula, Peggy M. TI Kinetics, aggregation behavior and optimization of the fractionation of whey protein isolate with hydrochloric acid SO FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Whey proteins; Aggregation; Fractionation; Alpha-lactalbumin; Beta-lactoglobulin; Kinetics; Hydrochloric acid ID BOVINE ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; HEAT-INDUCED AGGREGATION; PILOT-SCALE PROCESSES; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; THERMAL-DENATURATION; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; ENRICHED FRACTIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CHEESE WHEY; PRECIPITATION AB Concentrated WPI solutions (10%, w/w) containing approximately 50% beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) and 26% alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) were fractionated with HCl at acidic pH and moderate temperature to obtain enriched alpha-LA and beta-LG fractions. Aggregation behavior and kinetics of protein precipitation and aggregate formation were analyzed as a function of four process parameters: pH (3.0-5.5), temperature (50-70 degrees C), reaction time (0-180 min) and protein concentration (10-29%). The precipitation and aggregation of alpha-LA appeared rate-limited, with a logarithmic dependence of time and possible bimodal nucleation rate, and varied considerably with pH and temperature. Aggregates as large as similar to 300 mu m were noted after 120 min at pH 4, 60 degrees C. Processing parameters were optimized to obtain both a high aggregate yield and optimal composition of the aggregate fraction. The optimally enriched solid and liquid fractions contained 58% alpha-LA and 76% beta-LG, respectively, with 99% and 74% recovery ratios. Over the pH range studied, beta-LG aggregation was found negligible at 60 degrees C and beta-LG recovery in the aggregates attributed to liquid holding. Increasing WPI concentration accelerated a-LA aggregation, demonstrating a concentration-dependent aggregation mechanism, and reduced aggregate purity. Enriched whey protein fractions are valuable health-enhancing food ingredients. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Institution of Chemical Engineers. C1 [Bonnaillie, Laetitia M.; Tomasula, Peggy M.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bonnaillie, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM laetitia.bonnaillie@ars.usda.gov; peggy.tomasula@ars.usda.gov RI Bonnaillie, Laetitia/A-9829-2013 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 20 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA 165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND SN 0960-3085 EI 1744-3571 J9 FOOD BIOPROD PROCESS JI Food Bioprod. Process. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 90 IS C4 BP 737 EP 747 DI 10.1016/j.fbp.2012.01.002 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 033TH UT WOS:000310823500018 ER PT J AU Bondy, G Mehta, R Caldwell, D Coady, L Armstrong, C Savard, M Miller, JD Chomyshyn, E Bronson, R Zitomer, N Riley, RT AF Bondy, Genevieve Mehta, Rekha Caldwell, Don Coady, Laurie Armstrong, Cheryl Savard, Marc Miller, J. David Chomyshyn, Emily Bronson, Roni Zitomer, Nicholas Riley, Ronald T. TI Effects of long term exposure to the mycotoxin fumonisin B-1 in p53 heterozygous and p53 homozygous transgenic mice SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fumonisin; p53; Sphingolipid; Mouse; Non-genotoxic; Hepatotoxicity ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; DISRUPTED SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE 2; CARCINOGEN IDENTIFICATION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; ORAL GAVAGE; IN-VIVO; LIVER; MOUSE AB The fungal toxin fumonisin B-1 (FB1) is a potential human carcinogen based on evidence of renal carcinogenicity in rats and hepatocarcinogenicity in mice. The toxicity and carcinogenicity of FB1 is linked to ceramide synthase inhibition. Based on this mechanism of action and on lack of evidence of genotoxicity, FBI is considered a non-genotoxic carcinogen. The p53 heterozygous (p53+/-) mouse is a cancer-prone model used for carcinogenesis. The effects of chronic dietary FB1 exposure were characterized in p53+/- mice to confirm non-genotoxicity using a model which is more sensitive to genotoxic than non-genotoxic carcinogens and to clarify the relationship between p53 expression, altered sphingolipid metabolism, and FB1-induced carcinogenesis. Responses to FB1 were similar in p53+/- and p53+/+ mice after 26 weeks exposure to 0, 5, 50 or 150 mg FB1/kg diet, supporting a non-genotoxic mechanism of action. Hepatic adenomas and cholangiomas were observed in mice exposed to 150 mg/kg FB1. For a 10% increase in hepatic megalocytosis, the estimated 95% lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose (BMDL10) ranged from 0.15 and 1.11 mg FB1/kg bw/day. Based on similar responses in p53+/- and p53+/+ mice, p53 and related pathways play a secondary role in responses to FB1 toxicity and carcinogenesis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bondy, Genevieve; Mehta, Rekha; Caldwell, Don; Coady, Laurie; Armstrong, Cheryl; Chomyshyn, Emily; Bronson, Roni] Hlth Canada, Hlth Prod & Food Branch, Food Directorate, Bur Chem Safety, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Savard, Marc] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Miller, J. David] Carleton Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Zitomer, Nicholas; Riley, Ronald T.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Bondy, G (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Hlth Prod & Food Branch, Food Directorate, Bur Chem Safety, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. EM genevieve_bondy@hc-sc.gc.ca NR 71 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 EI 1873-6351 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 50 IS 10 BP 3604 EP 3613 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.024 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 021PF UT WOS:000309897100031 PM 22841953 ER PT J AU Gurtler, JB Smelser, AM Niemira, BA Jin, TZ Yan, XH Geveke, DJ AF Gurtler, Joshua B. Smelser, Amanda M. Niemira, Brendan A. Jin, Tony Z. Yan, Xianghe Geveke, David J. TI Inactivation of Salmonella enterica on tomato stem scars by antimicrobial solutions and vacuum perfusion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tomato; Sanitizer; Stem scar; Salmonella; Antimicrobial ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; RAW TOMATOES; CHLORINATED WATER; STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; FRESH PRODUCE; UNITED-STATES; SURVIVAL AB A study was conducted to identify sanitizing solutions effective at inactivating ca. 5 log CFU of Salmonella enteric inoculated onto the stem scar of red round tomatoes during two-minute immersion treatments. Sixty-three antimicrobial combinations were tested. Vacuum perfusion was applied to tomatoes during selected treatments to promote infiltration of sanitizer into porous tomato stem scar tissue. Red round tomatoes were inoculated to ca. 6.9 log CFU/stem scar with a four-serovar composite of Salmonella enterica, air dried, and tomatoes were immersed in circulating sanitizing solutions for 120 s at ca. 22 degrees C. Stem scars were aseptically excised, macerated in DE neutralizing broth, and the homogenate was spiral plated. Twenty-four washes inactivated >= 3.0 log CFU/stem scar. Seven treatments reduced >= 4.8 log (viz., 40% EtOH, sulfuric acid, and organic acid combinations). Log CFU/stem scar reductions for various sanitizers are listed in parenthesis, as follows: 90 ppm peroxyacetic acid (1.31), 200 ppm chlorine (1.53). 190 ppm chlorine + 15" Hg vacuum perfusion (2.23), 0.2 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (3.78), 2% total of lactic + acetic acid (4.35), 3% total of phosphoric+lactic acids (4.51), and 40% ethanol (4.81). Solutions that achieved >= 4.95 log reductions were 5.1% total of lactic + acetic + levulinic acids, 49% ethanol, 6% total of lactic + acetic acids, and a 0.2 M H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) solution. The use of vacuum perfusion with 200 ppm chlorine increased inactivation by 0.7 log CFU over chlorine alone, however. P>0.05. Results from this study provide tomato processers with some sanitization options effective at inactivating Salmonella from the stem scars of tomatoes. These results may also help processors and scientists design future decontamination studies by incorporating combinations of these chemical treatments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gurtler, Joshua B.; Niemira, Brendan A.; Geveke, David J.] ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Smelser, Amanda M.] Wake Forest Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Baptist Med Ctr, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Gurtler, JB (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM joshua.gurtler@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 FU USDA through ARS National Program [108]; USDA through ARS CRIS project [1935-41420-017] FX The authors thank Rebecca Bailey, Richard Sims and Anita Paramaswaren for excellent technical laboratory assistance; Mike Haas and Karen Wagner for help with chemical analysis; David Kingsley, Xuetong Fan and Dike Ukuku for critical reviews of this manuscript and providing helpful feedback; John Phillips for assistance with statistical analysis, and Doug Soroka (ERRC Core Technologies Unit) for assistance with electron microscopy imaging. This study was funded by the USDA through ARS National Program 108, ARS CRIS project 1935-41420-017. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 159 IS 2 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.08.014 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 033BT UT WOS:000310768400004 PM 23072692 ER PT J AU Lazzaro, I Falavigna, C Dall'Asta, C Proctor, RH Galaverna, G Battilani, P AF Lazzaro, Irene Falavigna, Claudia Dall'Asta, Chiara Proctor, Robert H. Galaverna, Gianni Battilani, Paola TI Fumonisins B, A and C profile and masking in Fusarium verticillioides strains on fumonisin-inducing and maize-based media SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycotoxin; Hidden fumonisin; Water activity; Incubation time; pH; Ecology ID WATER ACTIVITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; B-1 PRODUCTION; PROLIFERATUM; MONILIFORME; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; MYCOTOXINS; SERIES; GRAIN AB The production of fumonisin B, A and C and hidden and partially hydrolysed fumonisin occurrence was investigated in 3 strains of Fusarium verticillioides isolated from maize, cultured for 21-45 days on malt extract medium at 25 degrees C and 0.955-0.990 water activity (a(w)). Fumonisin A-B and C series were produced by all the strains in all conditions studied, with B-fumonisin >> C-fumonisin > A-fumonisin following a similar trend. The dynamic of fumonisin production was significantly influenced by factors considered and their interaction, with a(w) = 0.990 as favourable condition in ITEM 10026 and ITEM 10027. All fumonisins were maximised at 30 days incubation in ITEM 10027 and ITEM 1744 and at 45 days incubation in ITEM 10026. Partially hydrolysed fumonisins were detected only for the B-group. Hidden fumonisins were never observed in Fusarium cultures grown on malt extract medium but were detected in the additional trial on maize-based medium, suggesting that the masking phenomenon can occur only in a complex matrix. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lazzaro, Irene; Battilani, Paola] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Entomol & Plant Pathol, I-29122 Piacenza, Italy. [Falavigna, Claudia; Dall'Asta, Chiara; Galaverna, Gianni] Univ Parma, Dept Organ & Ind Chem, I-43124 Parma, Italy. [Proctor, Robert H.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Battilani, P (reprint author), Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Entomol & Plant Pathol, Via Emilia Parmense 84, I-29122 Piacenza, Italy. EM irene.lazzaro@unicatt.it; claudia.falavigna@nemo.unipr.it; chiara.dallasta@unipr.it; Robert.Proctor@ars.usda.gov; gianni.galaverna@unipr.it; paola.battilani@unicatt.it RI Dall'Asta, Chiara/C-3173-2008; OI Dall'Asta, Chiara/0000-0003-0716-8394; Falavigna, Claudia/0000-0002-3026-0474; Battilani, Paola/0000-0003-1287-1711; Galaverna, Gianni/0000-0001-9042-2378 FU PRIN09 project "Maize hybrids and Fusarium spp: host-pathogen interaction and fumonisin masking" FX Irene Lazzaro carried out this work within the Doctoral School on the Agro-Food System (Agrisystem) of the Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Italy). This work was partially supported by PRIN09 project "Maize hybrids and Fusarium spp: host-pathogen interaction and fumonisin masking". NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 159 IS 2 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.08.013 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 033BT UT WOS:000310768400005 PM 23072693 ER PT J AU Die, JV Roman, B AF Die, Jose V. Roman, Belen TI RNA quality assessment: a view from plant qPCR studies SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE MIQE; qPCR; 3 ':5 ' ratio; RNA integrity ID REAL-TIME PCR; GENE-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; MICROCAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS TRACES; LASER CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; RT-PCR; MESSENGER-RNA; MIQE GUIDELINES; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL; SYSTEMATIC VALIDATION; MINIMUM INFORMATION AB Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is probably the most common molecular technique used in transcriptome analyses today. The simplicity of the technology and associated protocols that generate results without the need to understand the underlying principles has made RT-qPCR the method of choice for RNA quantification. Rather than the ogold standard technology' often used to describe it, the performance of RT-qPCR suffers from considerable pitfalls during general workflow. The inconsistency of conventional methods for the evaluation of RNA quality and its influence on qPCR performance as well as stability of reference genes is summarized and discussed here. C1 [Die, Jose V.] Inst Agr Sostenible, Cordoba 14080, Spain. [Roman, Belen] IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Biotecnol & Mejora, Cordoba 14080, Spain. RP Die, JV (reprint author), ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, USDA, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jose.Die@ars.usda.gov OI Die, Jose V./0000-0002-7506-8590 FU Spanish Scientist Programm 'Juan de la Cierva' FX JVD is a researcher funded by the Spanish Scientist Programm 'Juan de la Cierva'. NR 69 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 69 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 63 IS 17 BP 6069 EP 6077 DI 10.1093/jxb/ers276 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 027QO UT WOS:000310368300002 PM 23045609 ER PT J AU Ferris, H Sanchez-Moreno, S Brennan, EB AF Ferris, H. Sanchez-Moreno, S. Brennan, E. B. TI Structure, functions and interguild relationships of the soil nematode assemblage in organic vegetable production SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Biological regulation; Soil fertility; Functional connectance; Nematode metabolic footprint analysis ID BACTERIAL-FEEDING NEMATODES; CROP SEEDING RATE; FOOD-WEB; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; VARIETY AFFECTS; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; WATER AB The abundance and metabolic footprints of soil nematodes were quantified during four of eight years of an intensive organic vegetable production system. Treatment variables included cover crop mixtures and compost application rates. The abundances of bacterivore and fungivore nematodes were enhanced by the annual use of winter cover crops but showed no relationship to the level of residual soil organic matter. Metabolic footprints, based on biomass and respiratory activity, were calculated for functional guilds and ecosystem services of the nematode assemblage. The enrichment footprint, representing the ecosystem service of nutrient mineralization, was related to the level of soil organic carbon. It was strongly related to the metabolic footprint of bacterivore nematodes and both were enhanced in treatments that were cover cropped annually. Cover-cropped treatments also had a slightly higher herbivore footprint, suggesting support of some taxa of plant-feeding nematodes. The structure footprint, reflecting the metabolic activity of higher trophic level nematodes. including the predators of opportunistic species, did not differ among cover crop and compost amendment treatments. However, enrichment footprints were correlated with bacterivore footprints, which represented the predominantly bacterivore resources available to predators. Abundance of predators increased as a function of the abundance of those nematode prey that can be amplified by organic inputs. The functional connectance, represented by spatial co-location, between predators and amplifiable prey was greater in treatments with a greater abundance of predators. The functional connectance between predators and herbivore prey, representing a management target, was strongly related to the functional connectance between predators and amplifiable prey. We conclude that cover crops not only affect organisms at the entry level of the web but that resources are also transferred to higher trophic links which increases top-down pressure on plant-parasitic nematodes. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ferris, H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sanchez-Moreno, S.] Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria, Unidad Prod Fitosanitarios, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Brennan, E. B.] USDA ARS, Organ Res Program, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Ferris, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hferris@ucdavis.edu; sarasm@inia.es; eric.brennan@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 61 SI SI BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.04.006 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 020DT UT WOS:000309789700003 ER PT J AU Buyer, JS Sasser, M AF Buyer, Jeffrey S. Sasser, Myron TI High throughput phospholipid fatty acid analysis of soils SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phospholipid fatty acid analysis; PLFA; Soil; High throughput analysis ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; EXTRACTION; BACTERIAL; BIOMASS; FUNGAL AB Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis is widely used to measure microbial biomass and community composition in soil and other types of environmental samples. As typically performed, the analysis involves many steps and 1.5-3 days are required to prepare a small batch (i.e. 20-24 samples and blanks), depending on the exact equipment employed in each laboratory. Gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is then used to analyze the samples, requiring further time to obtain the data. We have developed a method for preparing 96 soil samples and blanks in 1.5 days, a 4- to 5-fold increase in throughput. All drying and centrifuging steps take place in a centrifugal evaporator. Soil samples in test tubes are dried overnight and then a Bligh-Dyer lipid extraction is performed. The extract is dried, dissolved in chloroform, and loaded onto a 96-well solid phase extraction plate. Phospholipids are eluted into glass vials in a 96-well format, dried, and transesterified. The resulting fatty acid methyl esters are analyzed by GC and quantified relative to an internal standard. The high throughput protocol uses much smaller solvent volumes than the traditional protocol, which combined with the use of the 96-well format leads to much faster sample preparation. Biomarker PLFA concentrations for 10 different soils were highly correlated, although not identical, between the two protocols. Multivariate analysis of the PLFA biomarkers indicated that the two protocols produced similar patterns for the different soils. The high throughput protocol may be useful to laboratories performing large numbers of PLFA analyses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Buyer, Jeffrey S.] ARS, USDA, SASL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sasser, Myron] MIDI Inc, Newark, DE USA. RP Buyer, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SASL, Bldg 001,Room 140 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jeffrey.buyer@ars.usda.gov OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 14 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 61 SI SI BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.06.005 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 020DT UT WOS:000309789700015 ER PT J AU Lehman, RM Taheri, WI Osborne, SL Buyer, JS Douds, DD AF Lehman, R. Michael Taheri, Wendy I. Osborne, Shannon L. Buyer, Jeffrey S. Douds, David D., Jr. TI Fall cover cropping can increase arbuscular mycorrhizae in soils supporting intensive agricultural production SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Arbuscular mycorrhizae; Cover crops; Phosphorous ID FUNGUS COLONIZATION; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; MAIZE; YIELD; GROWTH; ROOTS; CORN; AGGREGATION; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB Intensive agricultural practices, such as tillage, monocropping, seasonal fallow periods, and inorganic nutrient application have been shown to reduce arbuscular mycorrrhizal fungi (AMF) populations and thus may reduce benefits frequently provided to crops by AMF, such as nutrient acquisition, disease resistance and drought tolerance. We have evaluated the ability of different cover crops to elevate the native mycorrhizal inoculum potential of soils under soil-climatic conditions typical of the upper Midwest U.S. production agricultural region. We measured the number of soil AMF propagules at three sites in the late fall following cover crops that were seeded into summer-harvested small grains within a no-till rotation. At all three sites, soil AMF propagule numbers were generally low (<= 1 propagule g(-1)). Fall cover crops significantly increased the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of the soils. Forage oats (Avena sativa (L) Hausskn.), by itself or in mixtures, was most effective at both sites where it was planted. At the third site, a cover crop mixture doubled the inoculum potential of these soils. The effect of cover crop treatments on AMF propagules was corroborated at one site over two seasons by measuring AMF biomass with the neutral lipid fatty acid mycorrhizal biomarker, C16:1cis11. Identification of AMP-promoting cover crops for inclusion in diversified, no till cropping rotations in the upper Midwest U.S. will provide opportunity for reduced inorganic nutrient application with economic and environmental benefit. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lehman, R. Michael; Taheri, Wendy I.; Osborne, Shannon L.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Buyer, Jeffrey S.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Douds, David D., Jr.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lehman, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM michael.lehman@ars.usda.gov OI Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178; Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 FU South Dakota Corn Utilization Council FX This work was partially funded by the South Dakota Corn Utilization Council. The research was conducted with the cooperation of producers Bryan Jorgensen and Dave Gillen, and the technical support of Amy Christie, Kurt Dagel, Ann Qualm, and Chris Nelson. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 139 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 61 SI SI BP 300 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.11.008 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 020DT UT WOS:000309789700038 ER PT J AU Rosa, LH Tabanca, N Techen, N Pan, ZQ Wedge, DE Moraes, RM AF Rosa, Luiz H. Tabanca, Nurhayat Techen, Natascha Pan, Zhiqiang Wedge, David E. Moraes, Rita M. TI Antifungal activity of extracts from endophytic fungi associated with Smallanthus maintained in vitro as autotrophic cultures and as pot plants in the greenhouse SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifungal; diversity; plant tissue culture; medicinal plant; cryptic fungal symbionts ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SONCHIFOLIUS ASTERACEAE; TRICHODERMA-ASPERELLUM; PAPULASPORA-IMMERSA; IDENTIFICATION; LECYTHOPHORA; COMMUNITIES; DITERPENES; PATHOGENS; SYMBIOSIS AB The endophytic fungal assemblages associated with Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Rob. and Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mack. ex Small growing in vitro autotrophic cultures and in the greenhouse were identified and evaluated for their ability to produce bioactive compounds. A total of 25 isolates were recovered that were genetically closely related to species of the genera Bionectria, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Gibberella, Hypocrea, Lecythophora, Nigrospora, Plectosphaerella, and Trichoderma. The endophytic assemblages of S. sonchifolius presented a greater diversity than the group isolated from S. uvedalius and demonstrated the presence of dominant generalist fungi. Extracts of all fungi were screened against the fungal plant pathogens. Ten extracts (41.6%) displayed antifungal activities; some of them had a broad antifungal activity. The phylotypes Lecythophora sp. 1, Lecythophora sp. 2, and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from in vitro autotrophic cultures and displayed antifungal activity. The presence of bioactive endophytic fungi within S. sonchifolius and S. uvedalius suggests an ecological advantage against pathogenic attacks. This study revealed reduced numbers of endophytes in association with both Smallanthus species in controlled cultivation conditions compared with the endophytic communities of hosts collected in the wild environments. Even as reduced endophytic communities, these fungi continue to provide chemical protection for the host. C1 [Tabanca, Nurhayat; Techen, Natascha; Moraes, Rita M.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. [Moraes, Rita M.] Univ Mississippi Field Stn, Ctr Water & Wetland Resources, Abbeville, MS 38601 USA. [Pan, Zhiqiang; Wedge, David E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Rosa, Luiz H.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Microbiol, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Moraes, RM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. EM lhrosa@icb.ufmg.br; rmoraes@olemiss.edu FU CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) [200774/2011-5]; FAPEMIG (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais); USDA Agricultural Research Service cooperative scientific agreement [58-6408-2-0009] FX This work received support CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) (process 200774/2011-5). The authors thank Ms. J.L. Robertson, Ms. R. Pace, Ms. X. Wang, and Ms. M. Ruscoe for their technical support. We also thank Dr. F. Dayan and Dr. L.A. Cerdeira as well as the anonymous reviewers of Canadian Journal of Microbiology for their valuable comments on the manuscript. Part of this research was supported by FAPEMIG (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais). The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, is partially supported through a cooperative scientific agreement No. 58-6408-2-0009 from USDA Agricultural Research Service cooperative scientific agreement. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1202 EP 1211 DI 10.1139/w2012-088 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 028VG UT WOS:000310451700007 PM 23061637 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TMD Chang, SC Condon, B Slopek, R AF Nguyen, Thach-Mien D. Chang, SeChin Condon, Brian Slopek, Ryan TI Synthesis of a novel flame retardant containing phosphorus-nitrogen and its comparison for cotton fabric SO FIBERS AND POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Triazine; Flame retardant; Cotton fabric; 45 degrees angle flammability test; Limiting oxygen index (LOI) ID CELLULOSE; PHOSPHATE AB A new charring agent, a derivative of cyanuric chloride, mono-substituted, dimethyl (4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yloxy)methylphosphonate (CN), was synthesized in good yield and characterized. Its flame retardant and thermogravimetric properties were compared to those of the di-substituted compound, tetramethyl (6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(oxy)bis (methylene)diphosphonate (CN-1), which was prepared in previous work. All untreated fabric showed limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of about 18 vol% oxygen in nitrogen. Fabrics treated with CN at 5-21 wt% add-ons had high LOI values of 30-40 vol%, while fabrics treated with CN-1 at 5-19 wt% add-ons had low to high LOI value of 20-36 vol%. In 45A degrees angle flammability tests, all treated fabrics with CN and CN-1 were passed and some fabrics were not igniting at all. Thermal degradation revealed that onset of degradation and the char yield of CN compound is higher than that of CN-1. Treated fabric with CN, 21 wt% add-on, had an onset of degradation of 240 A degrees C, while fabric treated with CN-1, 19 wt% add-on displayed an onset of degradation of 230 A degrees C. Despite the differences in onset temperature, the two samples provided almost the same char yield at 600 A degrees C, 35 and 36 %. With Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), samples of treated/unburned and treated/burned of CN and CN-1 showed the same functional groups and revealed the disappearance of triazine group and P-O-methyl after burning. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that both CN and CN-1 acted as flame retardants by the same mechanism and characterized the surface morphology of the flame retardant treated twill fabrics. C1 [Nguyen, Thach-Mien D.; Chang, SeChin; Condon, Brian; Slopek, Ryan] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chang, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sechin.chang@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS FX The authors wish to acknowledge the USDA-ARS CRIS for financial support. We also, appreciate the skillful experimental assistance of Dr. Chanel Fortier, Dr. Minori Uchimiya, Jade Smith, Elena Graves, Linda Wartelle, and Christa Madison. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 49 PU KOREAN FIBER SOC PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY CTR #501 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9197 J9 FIBER POLYM JI Fiber. Polym. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 13 IS 8 BP 963 EP 970 DI 10.1007/s12221-012-0963-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 029AU UT WOS:000310468000002 ER PT J AU Keyser, TL Zarnoch, SJ AF Keyser, Tara L. Zarnoch, Stanley J. TI Thinning, Age, and Site Quality Influence Live Tree Carbon Stocks in Upland Hardwood Forests of the Southern Appalachians SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest thinning; mixed-oak forests; aboveground carbon; Central Hardwood Region ID STAND VOLUME GROWTH; ABIES L. KARST.; PONDEROSA PINE; HEMLOCK FORESTS; DENSITY INDEX; RED SPRUCE; STORAGE; STORES; FIR; USA AB This study examines the effects of thinning, age, and site quality on aboveground live tree carbon (ATC) (Mg/ha) stocks in upland hardwood forests of mixed-species composition in the southern Appalachian Mountains, In 1974, 80 plots ranging in size from 0.06 to 0.1 ha were established in even-aged, mixed-hardwood forests throughout the southern Appalachians. All trees >2.54 cm dbh within each plot were tagged and measured. Sixty-two plots received a low thinning to a broad range of residual basal areas (BAs) (m(2)/ha) whereas 18 of the 80 plots remained unthinned and served as controls. Remeasurement of plots occurred every 5 years through 2005. Individual tree volumes were converted to stand-level estimates of ATC stocks for each inventory cycle. The average net annual rate of carbon (C) storage in aboveground live tree biomass was significantly greater in thinned versus unthinned stands. We found that light low thinnings had a neutral to slightly positive effect on net ATC stocks over the long-term relative to unthinned stands of similar age and initial BA. Relative differences, however, varied with age when ingrowth data were excluded from the analysis and with age and BA when ingrowth data were included in the analysis. In general, the gains in net ATC stocks in thinned verses unthinned stands were minor. The increased rate at which thinned stands stored C coupled with substantial mortality in unthinned stands was probably responsible for this "crossover" effect of thinning on ATC stocks. FOR. SCI. 58(5):407-418. C1 [Keyser, Tara L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Keyser, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM tkeyser@fs.fed.us; szarnoch@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest (Research Work Unit 4157) FX This study was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest (Research Work Unit 4157). We recognize Don Beck for initiating this study as well as numerous technicians for their dedication to maintaining the integrity of this study. Reviews by David Loftis, Wayne Shepperd, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this article. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 58 IS 5 BP 407 EP 418 DI 10.5849/forsci.11-030 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 024PS UT WOS:000310121700001 ER PT J AU Maier, CA Johnsen, KH Dougherty, P McInnis, D Anderson, P Patterson, S AF Maier, Chris A. Johnsen, Kurt H. Dougherty, Phillip McInnis, Daniel Anderson, Pete Patterson, Steve TI Effect of Harvest Residue Management on Tree Productivity and Carbon Pools during Early Stand Development in a Loblolly Pine Plantation SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomass; ecosystem carbon; soil carbon; carbon sequestration; nitrogen ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; FOREST MANAGEMENT; SITE PRODUCTIVITY; SUBTROPICAL AUSTRALIA; DENSITY FRACTIONS; SOUTHEASTERN US; NITROGEN POOLS; UNITED-STATES; META ANALYSIS; TERM CHANGES AB Soil incorporation of postharvest forest floor or logging residues during site preparation increased mineral soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentration and had a differential effect on early stand growth in a clonal loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Incorporating 25 Mg ha(-1) of forest floor (FF) (C/N ratio approximate to 112:1) or 25 (1LR) or 50 (2LR) Mg ha(-1) masticated logging residues (C/N ratio approximate to 856:1) increased soil C concentration by 24-49% in the top 60 cm of soil compared with that for a nontreated control or a raked (R) treatment where the forest floor (-25 Mg ha(-1)) was removed. Although the long-term treatment effects on soil C are unknown, increased macro-organic matter C (150-2,000 mu m) in the recalcitrant heavy fraction coupled with an estimated 20- to 35-year turnover rate for the incorporated residues suggests that soil C will be elevated in the FF, 1LR, and 2LR treatments through the current rotation. There was a treatment X age interaction on stand volume growth (P = 0.03) caused by a differential response to FF and LR treatments. Relative to the control, the FF treatment increased stem volume growth and stand homogeneity, resulting in 18% more stand volume at age 6. In contrast, the LR treatments initially suppressed volume growth; however, at age 6 there were no significant differences in stem volume among control and LR treatments. Six-year stand volume was 116.6, 112.6, 135.1, 116.0, and 112.3 (SE 3.6) m(3) ha(-1) in the control, R, FF, 1LR, and 2LR treatments, respectively. Whereas the efficacy of organic matter management will be site-dependent, our results suggest that soil incorporation of forest residues during site preparation can have positive benefits for productivity and building soil C on sites with relatively high inherent soil C stocks. FOR. SCI. 58(5):430-445. C1 [Maier, Chris A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Maier, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 3041 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cmaier@fs.fed.us; kjohnsen@fs.fed.us; pmdough@arborgen.com; dmcinnis@fs.fed.us; phanderson@fs.fed.us; scp2@meadwestvaco.com FU The USDA Forest Service Agenda program FX The USDA Forest Service Agenda 2020 program supported this research. We thank John Johnson with MeadWestvaco for field installation of the treatments and site support. We also thank Karen Sarsony for laboratory analysis and Bob Eaton, Tom Christensen, and Joel Burley for field support. NR 86 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 58 IS 5 BP 430 EP 445 DI 10.5849/forsci.11-069 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 024PS UT WOS:000310121700003 ER PT J AU Blazier, MA Clason, TR Vance, ED Leggett, Z Sucre, EB AF Blazier, Michael A. Clason, Terry R. Vance, Eric D. Leggett, Zakiya Sucre, Eric B. TI Loblolly Pine Age and Density Affects Switchgrass Growth and Soil Carbon in an Agroforestry System SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biofuel; microbial biomass; alley cropping ID ORGANIC-MATTER; DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITY; BIOCIDAL TREATMENTS; HARVEST FREQUENCY; BIOMASS; FUMIGATION; METABOLISM; CHLOROFORM; NITROGEN; ENERGY AB Global interest in biomass-based fossil fuel substitutes is increasing, creating needs for new crops and cropping systems that will expand biofuel production. In the southeastern United States, an alley cropping agroforestry management system in which switchgrass is cultivated between rows of loblolly pine is being explored. Such a system could produce an annually harvested, high-yield energy crop, wood waste for biofuel production, conventional forest products, and environmental services such as soil carbon (C) sequestration. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of loblolly pine age (juvenile, mid-rotation, and late-rotation) and loblolly pine density (no trees, low density, and high density) on switchgrass and loblolly pine growth and soil characteristics (microbial biomass C and activity, labile C, and total soil C) linked to carbon sequestration and site productivity. Switchgrass ground coverage was greater in loblolly pine alleys than in open conditions in 2 of the 3 years of this study, but switchgrass biomass was lower in loblolly pine alleys than in open conditions in the mid-rotation stand. Switchgrass in alleys was associated with greater labile C, respiration, and microbial biomass and activity in soil compared with that in loblolly pine plantations with intensive suppression of understory. FOR. Sci. 58(5):485-496. C1 [Blazier, Michael A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Hill Farm Res Stn, Homer, LA 71040 USA. [Clason, Terry R.] USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Blazier, MA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Hill Farm Res Stn, 11959 Highway 9, Homer, LA 71040 USA. EM mblazier@agcenter.lsu.edu; terry.clason@la.usda.gov; evance@NCASI.org; zakiya.leggett@weyerhaeuser.com; eric.sucre@weyerhaeuser.com FU National Council of Air and Stream Improvement; US Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service FX We thank Brad Osbon, Kenny Kidd, and Brian Finch for their assistance in the field and laboratory, and Patrick Colyer, Allen Nipper, and Buddy Pitman for their review of this manuscript before submission. We gratefully acknowledge the National Council of Air and Stream Improvement and the US Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service for funding this research. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 32 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 58 IS 5 BP 485 EP 496 DI 10.5849/forsci.11-052 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 024PS UT WOS:000310121700007 ER PT J AU Domec, JC Sun, G Noormets, A Gavazzi, MJ Treasure, EA Cohen, E Swenson, JJ McNulty, SG King, JS AF Domec, Jean-Christophe Sun, Ge Noormets, Asko Gavazzi, Michael J. Treasure, Emrys A. Cohen, Erika Swenson, Jennifer J. McNulty, Steve G. King, John S. TI A Comparison of Three Methods to Estimate Evapotranspiration in Two Contrasting Lob lolly Pine Plantations: Age-Related Changes in Water Use and Drought Sensitivity of Evapotranspiration Components SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE eddy covariance; loblolly pine; Pinus taeda; sapflow; soil moisture probes; water table ID NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; DOUGLAS-FIR STAND; CANOPY LEAF-AREA; SOIL-WATER; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; SAP-FLOW; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CARBON EXCHANGE; PONDEROSA PINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE AB Increasing variability of rainfall patterns requires detailed understanding of the pathways of water loss from ecosystems to optimize carbon uptake and management choices. In the current study we characterized the usability of three alternative methods of different rigor for quantifying stand-level evapotranspiration (ET), partitioned ET into tree transpiration (T), understory transpiration, interception, and soil evaporation (E-S) and determined their sensitivity to drought, and evaluated the reliability of soil moisture measurements by taking into account deep soil moisture dynamic. The analyses were conducted in an early- and in a mid-rotation stand of loblolly pine, the predominant species of southern US forest plantations. The three alternative methods for estimating ET were the eddy covariance measurements of water vapor fluxes (ETEC), the water table fluctuation (ETWT), and the soil moisture fluctuation (ETSM). On annual and monthly scales, the three methods agreed to within 10-20%, whereas on a daily scale, the values of ETSM and ETEC differed by up to 50% and ETSM and ETWT differed by up to 100%. The differences between the methods were attributed to root water extraction below measurement depth and to the sampling at different spatial scales. Regardless of the method used, ET at the early-rotation site was 15-30% lower than that at the mid-rotation site. The dry years did not affect ET at the mid-rotation site but reduced significantly ET at the early-rotation site. Soil moisture trends revealed the importance of measuring water content at several depths throughout the rooting zone because less than 20% of the water is stored in the top 30 cm of soil. Annually, Es represented approximately 9 and 14% of ETEC at the mid-rotation site and the early-rotation site, respectively. At the mid-rotation site, T accounted for approximately 70% of ETEC. Canopy interception was estimated to be 5-10% of annual precipitation and 6-13% of total ETEC. At the early-rotation site, T accounted for only 35% of ETEC. At this site, transpiration from subdominant trees and shrubs represented 40-45% of ETEC, indicating that understory was a significant part of the water budget. We concluded that the eddy covariance method is best for estimating ET at the fine temporal scale (i.e., daily), but other soil moisture and water table-based methods were equally reliable and cost-effective for quantifying seasonal ET dynamics. FOR. SCI. 58(5):497-512. C1 [Domec, Jean-Christophe] UMR 1220 TCEM ENITA INRA, Bordeaux Sci Agro, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Noormets, Asko; King, John S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Sun, Ge; Gavazzi, Michael J.; Treasure, Emrys A.; Cohen, Erika; McNulty, Steve G.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. [Swenson, Jennifer J.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Domec, JC (reprint author), UMR 1220 TCEM ENITA INRA, Bordeaux Sci Agro, F-33175 Gradignan, France. EM jdomec@ncsu.edu OI Swenson, Jennifer/0000-0002-2069-667X; Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111 FU USDA Forest Service Raleigh Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center [03-CA-11330147-073, 04-CA-11330147-238]; DOE BER Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences program [11-DE-SC-0006700] FX This study was supported by the USDA Forest Service Raleigh Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center cooperative agreements 03-CA-11330147-073 and 04-CA-11330147-238, and the DOE BER Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences program, grant 11-DE-SC-0006700. We thank the Weyerhaeuser Company for facilitating access to the study site and offering logistical assistance. We thank Gena Simpson, Duncan Briley, Anna Barnes, and Crystal Garcia for conducting soil-pit digging and root sorting. NR 75 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 82 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 58 IS 5 BP 497 EP 512 DI 10.5849/forsci.11-051 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 024PS UT WOS:000310121700008 ER PT J AU Worsham, L Markewitz, D Nibbelink, NP West, LT AF Worsham, Luke Markewitz, Daniel Nibbelink, Nathan P. West, Larry T. TI A Comparison of Three Field Sampling Methods to Estimate Soil Carbon Content SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil survey; Latin hypercube sampling; regression kriging; digital soil mapping ID TERRAIN ATTRIBUTES; ORGANIC-CARBON; LANDSCAPE; SEQUESTRATION; INFORMATION; PREDICTION; STOCKS; MAPS AB Accurate estimates of soil carbon (C) contents over large spatial scales require extensive sampling and are susceptible to error associated with landscape variability. Various methods to minimize error have been posed, including conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS). The potential advantage of cLHS is that it uses existing ancillary landscape data in geographic information systems to select stratified random samples. Although the theoretical basis for cLHS has been demonstrated, few empirical evaluations have been performed. This study compared simple random, stratified random, and cLHS predictions of soil C content and their associated variability. A population of 903 gridded samples was collected and then subsampled based on stratification of curvature, slope, land cover, and soil type using 1, 5, 12, and 35% data set proportions. Random stratified and cLHS methods best approximated mean and variance of the population at sample sizes of 5 and 12%. Large advantages of cLHS relative to stratified random sampling were not apparent at this site, although cLHS consistently sampled the tails of the soil C content population distribution. Mapped soil C contents from the three sampling methods using regression kriging resulted in root mean square error (+/- SE) values of 11.1 +/- 0.5, 13.4 +/- 0.3, and 10.1 +/- 0.2 Mg ha(-1), for random, stratified, and cLHS sampling. Stratification sampling methods such as cLHS and stratified random sampling use existing ancillary information to provide an effective means for stratifying sampling locations within existing feature space and can offer improved spatial predictions of landscape-associated soil C contents. FOR. SCI. 58(5):513-522. C1 [Worsham, Luke; Markewitz, Daniel; Nibbelink, Nathan P.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [West, Larry T.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Worsham, L (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lworsha@uga.edu; dmarke@uga.edu; nate2@uga.edu; larry.west@lin.usda.gov FU Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources; State of Georgia FX We acknowledge funding from the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and the State of Georgia. We extend special thanks to Emily Blizzard, Scott Devine, Aaron Joslin, Marco Galang, Sami Rifai, Budiman Minasny, and Patrick Bussell for their field, laboratory, and data analysis assistance. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 34 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 58 IS 5 BP 513 EP 522 DI 10.5849/forsci.11-084 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 024PS UT WOS:000310121700009 ER PT J AU Abt, KL Abt, RC Galik, C AF Abt, Karen L. Abt, Robert C. Galik, Christopher TI Effect of Bioenergy Demands and Supply Response on Markets, Carbon, and Land Use SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE woody biomass; timber supply; timber demand; logging residue; carbon sequestration ID PINE PLANTATION SILVICULTURE; FOREST HARVEST RESIDUES; SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; ECONOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; AVAILABILITY; INDUSTRIAL; EMISSIONS; ENERGY AB An increase in the demand for wood for energy, including liquid fuels, bioelectricity, and pellets, has the potential to affect traditional wood users, forestland uses, management intensities, and, ultimately, carbon sequestration. Recent studies have shown that increases in bioenergy harvests could lead to displacement of traditional wood-using industries in the short run and intensive management, land use change, and sawtimber market impacts in the long-run. We simulate timber markets, as well as land use response and carbon outcomes resulting from projections of both traditional and bioenergy wood use in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida under differing levels of market supply responses. Increased logging residue recovery had a moderating effect on prices, although increased planting response led to higher carbon sequestration, and smaller effects on prices. Increased forest productivity led to lower prices, but also led to reduced timberland and thus lower forest carbon sequestration. Supply responses will be crucial to moderating market responses to increases in bioenergy wood demands. FOR. SCI. 58(5):523-539. C1 [Abt, Karen L.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Abt, Robert C.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Galik, Christopher] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Abt, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kabt@fs.fed.us; bob_abt@ncsu.edu; christopher.galik@duke.edu NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 28 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 58 IS 5 BP 523 EP 539 DI 10.5849/forsci.11-055 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 024PS UT WOS:000310121700010 ER PT J AU Walter, AJ Duan, YP Hall, DG AF Walter, Abigail J. Duan, YongPing Hall, David G. TI Titers of 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' in Murraya paniculata and Murraya-reared Diaphorina citri Are Much Lower than in Citrus and Citrus-reared Psyllids SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alternate host; Asian citrus psyllid; citrus huanglongbing; orange jasmine ID GREENING DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGEN; FLORIDA; HOSTS; PCR AB Huanglongbing, one of the most devastating diseases of citrus, is associated with the bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, in North America. Murraya paniculata is a common ornamental plant that is an alternate host of both the psyllid and bacterium. We tested M. paniculata and Citrus sinensis grown together in the same field for their titer of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. We found the bacterium in both M. paniculata and C. sinensis, but the titer was four orders of magnitude lower in M. paniculata. We also assayed D. citri from laboratory colonies reared on either 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected M. paniculata or infected Citrus spp. Psyllids reared on infected M. paniculata also carried bacterial titers five orders of magnitude lower than psyllids reared on infected Citrus spp. These observations imply resistance to huanglongbing in M. paniculata. C1 [Walter, Abigail J.; Duan, YongPing; Hall, David G.] ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM David.Hall@ars.usda.gov RI Walter, Abigail/F-5574-2012 OI Walter, Abigail/0000-0003-1388-3706 FU Florida Specialty Crop Brock Grant, FDACS [015579] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Florida Specialty Crop Brock Grant, FDACS contract #015579. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We thank Pei Ling Li and Kathy Moulton (USDA-ARS-USHRL) for their technical assistance with this project and Wenbin Li (USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST) for a critical review of an early draft of the manuscript. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2012 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1449 EP 1452 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 028GG UT WOS:000310410200012 ER PT J AU Altland, JE Krause, CR AF Altland, James E. Krause, Charles R. TI Substituting Pine Wood for Pine Bark Affects Physical Properties of Nursery Substrates SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE moisture characteristic curve; particle size distribution; unavailable water; pine bark ID MEDIA; SAND AB Pine bark (PB) is currently imported from southern U.S. states to nursery growers the upper midwest and northeast United States. Alternatives to PB that are regionally abundant and sustainable are needed for nursery substrates. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of pine wood (PW), which consisted of chipped and hammermilled pine trees (excluding branches and needles) on substrate physical properties when substituted partially or wholly for PB in substrates typical of Ohio. Four cooperating nursery sites, each with unique substrates comprised primarily of PB, were recruited to use PW as a substitute for 0%, 50%, or 100% of the PB fraction in their substrate. All other physical and chemical amendments used traditionally at each site were incorporated. Physical properties including particle size distribution (PSD), air space (AS), container capacity (CC), total porosity (TP), unavailable water (UAW), bulk density (D-b), and moisture characteristic curves (MCC) were determined for each substrate at each cooperator site. Pine wood was generally more coarse than all but one of the PB materials used by the four cooperating sites. Amendment with PW did not have any consistent or predictable effect on AS, CC, TP, or D-b, of the resultant substrates. Pine wood had little identifiable effect on plotted MCC, although it reduced calculated easily available water in one substrate. It was concluded that substitution of PB with PW can result in changes to substrate physical properties that might lead to irrigation management changes, but none of these changes were considered negative or drastic enough to cause physical properties to be outside of acceptable ranges. C1 [Altland, James E.; Krause, Charles R.] ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Altland, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM James.Altland@ars.usda.gov FU Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative FX Funding for this research was provided by the Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2012 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1499 EP 1503 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 028GG UT WOS:000310410200021 ER PT J AU Shock, MP Shock, CC Feibert, EBG Shaw, NL Saunders, LD Sampangi, RK AF Shock, Myrtle P. Shock, Clinton C. Feibert, Erik B. G. Shaw, Nancy L. Saunders, Lamont D. Sampangi, Ram K. TI Cultivation and Irrigation of Fern leaf Biscuitroot (Lomatium dissectum) for Seed Production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rangeland restoration; medicinal plant; drip irrigation ID COLUMBIAN MEDICINAL-PLANTS; NATIVE-AMERICAN FOOD; CONSTITUENTS; UMBELLIFERAE AB Native grass, forb, and shrub seed is needed to restore rangelands of the U.S. Intermountain West. Fernleaf biscuitroot [Lomatium, dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance] is a desirable component of rangelands. Commercial seed production is necessary to provide the quantity and quality of seed needed for rangeland restoration and reclamation efforts. Fernleaf biscuitroot has been used for hundreds if not thousands of years in the western United States as a source of food and medicine. Knowledge about fernleaf biscuitroot is confined to ethnobotanical reports, evaluation of some of its chemical constituents, and its role in rangelands. Products derived from fernleaf biscuitroot are sourced from wild plant populations. Little is known about fernleaf biscuitroot cultivation or its seed production. Variations in spring rainfall and soil moisture result in highly unpredictable water stress at flowering, seed set, and seed development of fernleaf biscuitroot. Water stress is known to compromise seed yield and quality for other seed crops. Irrigation trials were conducted at the Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station at Ontario, OR, a location within the natural environmental range of fernleaf biscuitroot. It was anticipated that supplemental irrigation would be required to produce a seed crop in all years. Fernleaf biscuitroot was established through mechanical planting and cultivation on 26 Oct. 2005 in a randomized complete block design with four replicates; plot size was 9.1 m x 3.04 m wide. Irrigation treatments were 0 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm/year applied in four equal treatments 2 weeks apart, timed to begin with flowering and continue through seed formation. First flowering occurred in the third year after planting. Seed production increased from the fourth through the sixth year. Optimal irrigation for seed production was calculated as 140 mm/year. C1 [Shock, Clinton C.; Feibert, Erik B. G.; Saunders, Lamont D.] Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. [Shock, Myrtle P.] Univ Fed Amazonas, Museu Amazon, BR-69010120 Manaus, AM, Brazil. [Shaw, Nancy L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Sampangi, Ram K.] Univ Idaho, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Shock, CC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, 595 Onion Ave, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. EM clinton.shock@oregonstate.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2012 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1525 EP 1528 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 028GG UT WOS:000310410200025 ER PT J AU Stanker, LH Scotcher, MC Lin, A McGarvey, J Prusiner, SB Hnasko, R AF Stanker, Larry H. Scotcher, Miles C. Lin, Alice McGarvey, Jeffery Prusiner, Stanley B. Hnasko, Robert TI Novel Epitopes Identified by Anti-PrP Monoclonal Antibodies Produced Following Immunization of Prnp(0/0) Balb/cJ Mice with Purified Scrapie Prions SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID VARIABLE REGIONS; PROTEIN; CONFORMATION; CONVERSION; CHAIN; GENE AB Prions, or infectious proteins, cause a class of uniformly fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Prions are composed solely of an aberrantly folded isoform (PrPSc) of a normal cellular protein (PrPC). Shared sequence identity of PrPSc with PrPC has limited the detection sensitivity of immunochemical assays, as antibodies specific for the disease-causing PrPSc isoform have not been developed. Here we report the generation of three new monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to PrP, which were isolated following immunization of Prnp(0/0) Balb/cJ mice with highly purified PrPSc isolated from brain lipid rafts. Epitope mapping using synthetic PrP peptides revealed that the three MAbs bind different epitopes of PrP. The DRM1-31 MAb has a conformational epitope at the proposed binding site for the putative prion conversion co-factor "protein X.'' The DRM1-60 MAb binds a single linear epitope localized to the beta 2-alpha 2 loop region of PrP, whereas DRM2-118 binds an epitope that includes sequences within the octarepeat region and near the site of N-terminal truncation of PrPSc by proteinase K. Our novel anti-PrP MAbs with defined PrP epitopes may be useful in deciphering the conformational conversion of PrPC into PrPSc. C1 [Hnasko, Robert] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Prusiner, Stanley B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA USA. [Prusiner, Stanley B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Neurodegenerat Dis, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Hnasko, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM robert.hnasko@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS Project [5325-32000-008-00D]; USDA [58-5325-3-246]; National Institutes of Health [AG02132, AG10770, AG-031220, AG021601]; Sherman Fairchild Foundation FX Support for these studies was provided by USDA CRIS Project 5325-32000-008-00D, by a USDA Cooperative Agreement (58-5325-3-246), by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AG02132, AG10770, AG-031220, and AG021601), and by a gift from the Sherman Fairchild Foundation. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1554-0014 J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD OCT PY 2012 VL 31 IS 5 BP 314 EP 324 DI 10.1089/hyb.2012.0022 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 029WS UT WOS:000310528500002 PM 23098297 ER PT J AU Zhang, DW Butler, BJ Nagubadi, RV AF Zhang, Daowei Butler, Brett J. Nagubadi, Rao V. TI Institutional Timberland Ownership in the US South: Magnitude, Location, Dynamics, and Management SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE institutional timberland ownership; industrial timberland ownership; Timberland Investment Management Organizations (TIMOs); Timberland Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs); forest management; forest sustainability ID FOREST MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; INVESTMENT AB We have compiled an exhaustive list of timberland investment management organizations (TIMOs) and timberland real estate investment trusts (REITs) and used USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory Analysis data to quantify their acreage, distribution, dynamics, and management practices. We find that TIMOs and REITs own/manage about 16 million ac or 10% of the timberland across 11 southern states and that they manage these forests in a sustainable fashion in terms of growth-to-removals and reforestation. Furthermore, TIMOs and REITs own/manage more forest plantations than other owners and harvest more hardwood than is grown. Most of the timberland owned and managed by TIMOs and REITs, located mainly in the southern coastal plain and Piedmont regions, were previously owned by forest industry firms. C1 [Zhang, Daowei; Nagubadi, Rao V.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Butler, Brett J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Zhang, DW (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM zhangdw@auburn.edu; bbutler01@fs.fed.us; nagubadi2011@hotmail.com FU USDA Agriculture and Food Research Institute (AFRI) [2011-67023-30051] FX This project was funded in part by USDA Agriculture and Food Research Institute (AFRI) Competitive Grant 2011-67023-30051. The authors thank Jaketon Hewes for his cartographic/GIS assistance and Eric Dooly, Tracy Evans, and Chung-Hong Fu, two anonymous reviewers, and an associate editor of this journal for their comments on an early version of this article. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2012 VL 110 IS 7 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.5849/jof.12-015 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 024RQ UT WOS:000310126700001 ER PT J AU Butler, BJ Catanzaro, PF Greene, JL Hewes, JH Kilgore, MA Kittredge, DB Ma, Z Tyrrell, ML AF Butler, Brett J. Catanzaro, Paul F. Greene, John L. Hewes, Jaketon H. Kilgore, Michael A. Kittredge, David B. Ma, Zhao Tyrrell, Mary L. TI Taxing Family Forest Owners: Implications of Federal and State Policies in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE family forest owners; nonindustrial private forest owners; forest taxation; forest policy; property tax; income tax; estate tax; inheritance tax; United States ID PROGRAM; TAXATION; WEST AB Taxes are a prominent policy tool and one of a number of factors that have the potential to influence the decisions of the millions of family forest owners across the United States. After a literature review, tax policies most relevant to family forest owners were catalogued, preferential property tax program administrators were surveyed, focus groups with family forest owners and forestry/conservation professionals were held, and results were synthesized with the aid of experts. The results suggest that tax policies, in and of themselves, are not causing forest owners to take unplanned actions such as prematurely selling their land or harvesting trees. However, in combination with other factors, tax policies, especially property tax policies, can influence ownership and forest management decisions. Preferential forest property tax policies exist across the United States, but a general lack of awareness, confusion, and misinformation about these programs and their often complicated and/or restrictive requirements are preventing them from reaching their full potential. C1 [Butler, Brett J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Catanzaro, Paul F.; Kittredge, David B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Greene, John L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hewes, Jaketon H.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA, US Forest Serv, Family Forest Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kilgore, Michael A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kittredge, David B.] Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Ma, Zhao] Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Tyrrell, Mary L.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Global Inst Sustainable Forestry, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Butler, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM bbutler01@fs.fed.us; cat@umext.umass.edu; jgreene01@fs.fed.us; jhewes@eco.umass.edu; mkilgore@umn.edu; david.kittredge@eco.umass.edu; zhao.ma@usu.edu; mary.tyrrell@yale.edu RI Ma, Zhao/M-7657-2013 OI Ma, Zhao/0000-0002-9103-3996 FU American Forest Foundation (AFF) [AFF-0709-1] FX This project was funded by the American Forest Foundation (AFF; Grant AFF-0709-1) and coordinated by the US Forest Service/University of Massachusetts Amherst Family Forest Research Center. The full project report can be found at www.familyforestresearchcenter.org/projects/taxes. The authors thank Judy Langer for facilitating the focus groups; Aaron Reuben for helping organize the forum; the forest owners and forestry/conservation professionals who participated in the focus groups and provided logistical support; the tax professionals who provided their insights; the forum participants; and Tamara Cushing, Linda Wang, Jerry Greenberg, and three anonymous individuals for reviewing this article. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2012 VL 110 IS 7 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.5849/jof.11-097 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 024RQ UT WOS:000310126700003 ER PT J AU North, M Collins, BM Stephens, S AF North, Malcolm Collins, Brandon M. Stephens, Scott TI Using Fire to Increase the Scale, Benefits, and Future Maintenance of Fuels Treatments SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fire policy; fire suppression; forest restoration; Forest Service planning rule; managed wildfire; Sierra Nevada ID PRESCRIBED BURNING COSTS; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; NEVADA WILDERNESS AREAS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; SUPPRESSION EXPENDITURES; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The USDA Forest Service is implementing a new planning rule and starting to revise forest plans for many of the 155 National Forests. In forests that historically had frequent fire regimes, the scale of current fuels reduction treatments has often been too limited to affect fire severity and the Forest Service has predominantly focused on suppression. In addition to continued treatment of the wildland urban interface, increasing the scale of low- and moderate-severity fire would have substantial ecological and economics benefits if implemented soon. We suggest National Forests identify large contiguous areas to concentrate their fuels reduction efforts, and then turn treated firesheds over to prescribed and managed wildfire for future maintenance. A new round of forest planning provides an opportunity to identify and overcome some of the current cultural, regulatory, and institutional barriers to increased fire use that we discuss. C1 [North, Malcolm; Collins, Brandon M.] US Forest Serv, Natl Interagency Fire Ctr, USDA, PSW, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Stephens, Scott] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP North, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Natl Interagency Fire Ctr, USDA, PSW, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM mnorth@ucdavis.edu; bmcollins@fs.fed.us; sstephens@berkeley.edu NR 96 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 8 U2 51 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2012 VL 110 IS 7 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.5849/jof.12-021 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 024RQ UT WOS:000310126700005 ER PT J AU Van Vuren, DH Ordenana, MA AF Van Vuren, Dirk H. Ordenana, Miguel A. TI Factors influencing burrow length and depth of ground-dwelling squirrels SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE body size; burrow depth; burrow length; ground-dwelling squirrels; ground squirrels; sociality; temperature stress ID PRAIRIE DOGS; SPERMOPHILUS-VARIEGATUS; RESPIRATORY GASES; MAMMAL BURROWS; SOCIALITY; LOCATION; LEUCURUS; SYSTEMS; COLONY; IDAHO AB We reviewed the literature on burrows of North American ground-dwelling squirrels to assess factors influencing burrow length and depth. Prior research suggested that soil characteristics and burrow age can influence burrow dimensions; we extended these findings by evaluating the influence of body size, temperature stress, and degree of sociality. We found that body size was positively correlated with burrow length and depth, probably because larger species require more space for underground activities. This relationship did not hold for Marmota monax and M. flaviventris, for unknown reasons. Burrow length scaled allometrically with body mass (b = 0.72), possibly because the metabolic effects of limited ventilation in burrows placed a constraint on burrow length. Temperature stress was not related to burrow depth, perhaps because of the insulation provided by snow and soil. The more highly social species excavated longer burrow systems, probably because of the greater space needs of multiple residents per burrow. C1 [Van Vuren, Dirk H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ordenana, Miguel A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Van Vuren, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dhvanvuren@ucdavis.edu FU Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency; California Department of Water Resources FX We thank the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency and the California Department of Water Resources for funding the study; P. Buck and M. Inamine for facilitating the study; and M. Klasson, P. Buck, J. Hoogland, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 32 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1240 EP 1246 DI 10.1644/12-MAMM-A-049.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 025HQ UT WOS:000310179700002 ER PT J AU Campbell, JF AF Campbell, J. F. TI Attraction of walking Tribolium castaneum adults to traps SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Red flour beetle; Pheromone; Attraction; Trapping; Kairomone ID STORED-PRODUCT COLEOPTERA; RED FLOUR BEETLE; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS COLEOPTERA; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; ORYZAEPHILUS-SURINAMENSIS; ORIENTATION BEHAVIOR; SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP; CONFUSUM COLEOPTERA; MULTISPECIES LURE AB The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is a major pest of food processing facilities and can be monitored using pitfall type traps. To determine how beetles interact with these traps under field situations, the behavior of individual beetles released in the vicinity of traps was observed in a large arena. Specifically, the response of adults to traps baited with combinations of commercially available pheromone and kairomone attractants was measured, as was the influence of beetle sex and strain, airflow presence or absence, and distance from trap. The beetle's response to traps was strongest (e.g., more encountered trap, more remained in observation zone, more time was spent on treatment side, and decreased speed and increased turn angle) to pheromone/kairomone or pheromone baited traps when there was air movement, while kairomone alone and all attractants under still air conditions generated no significant response by the beetles. Even with the best combination of attractants and with airflow, average number encountering trap was only 40%. With airflow, beetles were successful at locating a pheromone/kairomone baited trap out to 90 cm, the maximum distance tested, but under still air conditions even at 10 cm there was no difference between traps with and without attractants. Since airflow at trap locations within commercial food facilities can vary considerably, these patterns of response to traps could significantly impact insect detection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM james.campbell@ars.usda.gov RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 77 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 51 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2012.06.002 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 023NW UT WOS:000310042700003 ER PT J AU Song, YQ Manson, JE Lee, IM Cook, NR Paul, L Selhub, J Giovannucci, E Zhang, SMM AF Song, Yiqing Manson, JoAnn E. Lee, I-Min Cook, Nancy R. Paul, Ligi Selhub, Jacob Giovannucci, Edward Zhang, Shumin M. TI Effect of Combined Folic Acid, Vitamin B-6, and Vitamin B-12 on Colorectal Adenoma SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PREVENTION; CANCER; RISK; FOLATE; WOMEN; POLYMORPHISM; METAANALYSIS AB Folic acid, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 act in concert in the one-carbon metabolism and may protect against colorectal neoplasia. We examined the effect of combined B-vitamin treatment on the occurrence of colorectal adenoma. The Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 5442 female health professionals at high risk for cardiovascular disease from April 1998 through July 2005. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a combination pill of folic acid (2.5mg), vitamin B-6 (50mg), and vitamin B-12 (1mg) or placebo. This study included 1470 participants who were followed up for as long as 9.2 years and underwent an endoscopy at any point during follow-up. We estimated relative risks using a generalized linear model with a natural logarithm link function and Poisson distributed errors. All statistical tests were two-sided. The risk of colorectal adenoma was similar among participants receiving treatment (24.3%, 180 of 741 participants) vs placebo (24.0%, 175 of 729 participants) (multivariable adjusted relative risk = 1.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.83 to 1.20). Treatment was not associated with the risk of adenoma when data were analyzed by subsite, size, stage, and the number of adenomas. There was no statistically significant effect modification by alcohol intake, history of cancer or adenoma, or baseline plasma levels or intakes of folate, vitamin B-6, or vitamin B-12. Our results indicate no statistically significant effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 treatment on colorectal adenoma among women at high risk for cardiovascular disease. C1 [Song, Yiqing; Manson, JoAnn E.; Lee, I-Min; Cook, Nancy R.; Zhang, Shumin M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Manson, JoAnn E.; Giovannucci, Edward] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Manson, JoAnn E.; Lee, I-Min; Cook, Nancy R.; Giovannucci, Edward] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Giovannucci, Edward] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Paul, Ligi; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Zhang, SMM (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, 900 Commonwealth Ave E, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM szhang@rics.bwh.harvard.edu FU American Cancer Society [RSG-06-263-01-CCE]; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD [HL046959, CA123089, CA104871, CA124857] FX American Cancer Society (RSG-06-263-01-CCE to SMZ); the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (HL046959 to JEM, CA123089 to SMZ, CA104871 to SMZ, and CA124857 to WC Willett and SMZ). NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 104 IS 20 BP 1562 EP 1575 DI 10.1093/jnci/djs370 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 025UN UT WOS:000310220700008 PM 23066166 ER PT J AU Jarvi, SI Farias, MEM Howe, K Jacquier, S Hollingsworth, R Pitt, W AF Jarvi, Susan I. Farias, Margaret E. M. Howe, Kay Jacquier, Steven Hollingsworth, Robert Pitt, William TI Quantitative PCR estimates Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) infection levels in semi-slugs (Parmarion martensi) SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rat lungworm; Angiostrongylus cantonensis; qPCR; Parmarion martensi; Semi-slug ID EOSINOPHILIC MENINGITIS AB The life cycle of the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis involves rats as the definitive host and slugs and snails as intermediate hosts. Humans can become infected upon ingestion of intermediate or paratenic (passive carrier) hosts containing stage 13 A. cantonensis larvae. Here, we report a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay that provides a reliable, relative measure of parasite load in intermediate hosts. Quantification of the levels of infection of intermediate hosts is critical for determiningA. cantonensis intensity on the Island of Hawaii. The identification of high intensity infection 'hotspots' will allow for more effective targeted rat and slug control measures. qPCR appears more efficient and sensitive than microscopy and provides a new tool for quantification of larvae from intermediate hosts, and potentially from other sources as well. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jarvi, Susan I.; Farias, Margaret E. M.; Howe, Kay; Jacquier, Steven] Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Hollingsworth, Robert] USDA ARS PBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pitt, William] APHIS, Hawaii Field Stn, USDA, NWRC, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. RP Jarvi, SI (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 34 Rainbow Dr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jarvi@hawaii.edu FU Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo [HI 96720]; National Center for Research Resources [5P20RR016467-11]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [8 P20 GM1 03466-11] FX We would like to thank Ann Kobsa for providing semi-slugs from Koa'e and the Kua O Ka La Charter school for assistance with collecting semi-slugs from Kapoho. We would also like to thank the Chemistry Department at the University of Hawaii at Hilo for the use of some equipment needed to complete this study. This work was supported by the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 and by grants from the National Center for Research Resources (5P20RR016467-11) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (8 P20 GM1 03466-11) from the National Institutes of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 185 IS 2 BP 174 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.08.002 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 027YJ UT WOS:000310389700016 PM 22902292 ER PT J AU Sondhia, S Duke, SO Green, S Gemejiyeva, NG Mamonov, LK Cantrell, CL AF Sondhia, Shobha Duke, Stephen O. Green, Solomon, III Gemejiyeva, Nadezhda G. Mamonov, Leonid K. Cantrell, Charles L. TI Phytotoxic Furanocoumarins from the Shoots of Semenovia transiliensis SO NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Allelochemicals; Bergapten; Bioassay-guided isolation; Furanocoumarins; Phytotoxin; Semenovia transiliensis; Xanthotoxin ID PSORALEA-CORYLIFOLIA; RUTA-GRAVEOLENS; FUROCOUMARINS; COUMARINS; PHYTOALEXINS; DORSTENIA AB Discovery of novel, natural herbicides has become important to manage increasing weed resistance to synthetic herbicides and environmental issues. The systematic bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the methylene chloride/methanol extract of the shoots of Semenovia transiliensis led to the isolation of several phytotoxic compounds. Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce, a dicot) and Agrostis stolonifera L. (bentgrass, a monocot) bioassays were used to identify and isolate the phytotoxic fractions. A number of furanocoumarin compounds isolated from S. transiliensis shoots were phytotoxic to both test species. These included psoralen, isopsoralen, heratomin, isopentenyloxyisobergapten, imperatorin, bergapten, xanthotoxin, heraclenin, and heraclenol. All the active secondary metabolites isolated from the shoots of S. transiliensis were furanocoumarins. Identification of these was accomplished using mass spectrometry and 1- and 2-dimensional NMR techniques. Phytotoxic activity of isolated compounds was evaluated in a dose-response manner from 0.3 to 1000 mu M. In general, all of the compounds were more active on A. stolonifera than L. saliva. Bergaptin and xanthotoxin were the most active of the compounds, with moderate activity at 100 mu M. Imperatorin and xanthotoxin inhibited growth of Lemna paucicostata Hegelm. by 50% at 29 and 60 mu M, respectively. Our results show that S. transiliensis is rich in furanocoumarins, which are probably involved in various aspects of the chemical ecology of the species. Unfortunately, the general cytotoxicity of furanocoumarins makes them an unlikely candidate for pesticide discovery. C1 [Sondhia, Shobha; Duke, Stephen O.; Green, Solomon, III; Cantrell, Charles L.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Sondhia, Shobha] Directorate Weed Sci Res, Jabalpur 482004, India. [Gemejiyeva, Nadezhda G.; Mamonov, Leonid K.] Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Alma Ata 05040, Kazakhstan. RP Cantrell, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM charles.cantrell@ars.usda.gov FU Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India under the National Agricultural Innovative Program FX The authors thank Amber Reichley and Robert Johnson for technical assistance and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India for financial assistance under the National Agricultural Innovative Program. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU NATURAL PRODUCTS INC PI WESTERVILLE PA 7963 ANDERSON PARK LN, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1934-578X EI 1555-9475 J9 NAT PROD COMMUN JI Nat. Prod. Commun. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1327 EP 1330 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Food Science & Technology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Food Science & Technology GA 025KZ UT WOS:000310189200019 PM 23157001 ER PT J AU Wang, KB Wang, ZW Li, FG Ye, WW Wang, JY Song, GL Yue, Z Cong, L Shang, HH Zhu, SL Zou, CS Li, Q Yuan, YL Lu, CR Wei, HL Gou, CY Zheng, ZQ Yin, Y Zhang, XY Liu, K Wang, B Song, C Shi, N Kohel, RJ Percy, RG Yu, JZ Zhu, YX Wang, J Yu, SX AF Wang, Kunbo Wang, Zhiwen Li, Fuguang Ye, Wuwei Wang, Junyi Song, Guoli Yue, Zhen Cong, Lin Shang, Haihong Zhu, Shilin Zou, Changsong Li, Qin Yuan, Youlu Lu, Cairui Wei, Hengling Gou, Caiyun Zheng, Zequn Yin, Ye Zhang, Xueyan Liu, Kun Wang, Bo Song, Chi Shi, Nan Kohel, Russell J. Percy, Richard G. Yu, John Z. Zhu, Yu-Xian Wang, Jun Yu, Shuxun TI The draft genome of a diploid cotton Gossypium raimondii SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID (+)-DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT; CELL ELONGATION; SEQUENCE; FIBER; MAP; EXPRESSION; GENES; BIOSYNTHESIS; ORGANIZATION AB We have sequenced and assembled a draft genome of G. raimondii, whose progenitor is the putative contributor of the D subgenome to the economically important fiber-producing cotton species Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense. Over 73% of the assembled sequences were anchored on 13 G. raimondii chromosomes. The genome contains 40,976 protein-coding genes, with 92.2% of these further confirmed by transcriptome data. Evidence of the hexaploidization event shared by the eudicots as well as of a cotton-specific whole-genome duplication approximately 13-20 million years ago was observed. We identified 2,355 syntenic blocks in the G. raimondii genome, and we found that approximately 40% of the paralogous genes were present in more than 1 block, which suggests that this genome has undergone substantial chromosome rearrangement during its evolution. Cotton, and probably Theobroma cacao, are the only sequenced plant species that possess an authentic CDN1 gene family for gossypol biosynthesis, as revealed by phylogenetic analysis. C1 [Wang, Kunbo; Li, Fuguang; Ye, Wuwei; Song, Guoli; Shang, Haihong; Zou, Changsong; Yuan, Youlu; Lu, Cairui; Wei, Hengling; Zhang, Xueyan; Liu, Kun; Yu, Shuxun] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Cotton Biol, Cotton Res Inst, Anyang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Zhiwen; Wang, Junyi; Yue, Zhen; Cong, Lin; Zhu, Shilin; Gou, Caiyun; Zheng, Zequn; Yin, Ye; Wang, Bo; Song, Chi; Shi, Nan; Wang, Jun] BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Li, Qin; Zhu, Yu-Xian] Peking Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Prot & Plant Gene Res, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Kohel, Russell J.; Percy, Richard G.; Yu, John Z.] USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. [Wang, Jun] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Yu, SX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Cotton Biol, Cotton Res Inst, Anyang, Peoples R China. EM zhuyx2@pku.edu.cn; wangj@genomics.org.cn; yu@cricaas.com.cn RI Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016 OI Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874 FU China National Basic Research Program [2010CB126000]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [90717009] FX We thank X.-Y. Chen for his valuable criticisms and suggestions to the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the China National Basic Research Program (grant 2010CB126000) and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 90717009). NR 44 TC 261 Z9 338 U1 15 U2 103 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1098 EP + DI 10.1038/ng.2371 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 016WJ UT WOS:000309550200008 PM 22922876 ER PT J AU Katzmarzyk, PT Shen, W Baxter-Jones, A Bell, JD Butte, NF Demerath, EW Gilsanz, V Goran, MI Hirschler, V Hu, HH Maffeis, C Malina, RM Muller, MJ Pietrobelli, A Wells, JCK AF Katzmarzyk, P. T. Shen, W. Baxter-Jones, A. Bell, J. D. Butte, N. F. Demerath, E. W. Gilsanz, V. Goran, M. I. Hirschler, V. Hu, H. H. Maffeis, C. Malina, R. M. Mueller, M. J. Pietrobelli, A. Wells, J. C. K. TI Adiposity in children and adolescents: correlates and clinical consequences of fat stored in specific body depots SO PEDIATRIC OBESITY LA English DT Review DE Abdominal obesity; brown fat; imaging; visceral fat ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; TO-HEIGHT RATIO; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; AIR DISPLACEMENT PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; OVERWEIGHT LATINO YOUTH; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; Y GASTRIC BYPASS; MASS-INDEX; VISCERAL FAT; METABOLIC SYNDROME AB The 2011 Pennington Biomedical Research Center's Scientific Symposium focused on adiposity in children and adolescents. The symposium was attended by 15 speakers and other invited experts. The specific objectives of the symposium were to (i) integrate the latest published and unpublished findings on the laboratory and clinical assessment of depot-specific adiposity in children and adolescents, (ii) understand the variation in depot-specific adiposity and related health outcomes associated with age, sex, maturation, ethnicity and other factors and (iii) identify opportunities for incorporating new markers of abdominal obesity into clinical practice guidelines for obesity in children and adolescents. This symposium provided an overview of important new advances in the field and identified directions for future research. The long-term goal of the symposium is to aid in the early identification of children and adolescents who are at increased health risk because of obesity and obesity-related conditions. C1 [Katzmarzyk, P. T.; Pietrobelli, A.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Shen, W.] Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, New York Obes Nutr Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Shen, W.] Columbia Univ, Inst Human Nutr, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Baxter-Jones, A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Kinesiol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Bell, J. D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Metabol & Mol Imaging Grp, MRC, Clin Sci Ctr,Hammersmith Hosp, London, England. [Butte, N. F.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Demerath, E. W.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Gilsanz, V.; Hu, H. H.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Goran, M. I.] USC Keck Sch Med, Childhood Obes Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hirschler, V.] Durand Hosp, Dept Nutr & Diabet, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Maffeis, C.] Univ Verona, Unit Pediat Diabet Clin Nutr & Metab, Dept Sci Life & Reprod, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Malina, R. M.] Tarleton State Univ, Dept Kinesiol & Hlth Educ, Univ Texas Austin, Stephenville, TX USA. [Mueller, M. J.] Univ Kiel, Inst Human Nutr & Food Sci, Kiel, Germany. [Pietrobelli, A.] Univ Verona, Pediat Unit, Sch Med, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Wells, J. C. K.] UCL Inst Child Hlth, London, England. RP Katzmarzyk, PT (reprint author), Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM peter.katzmarzyk@pbrc.edu RI Wells, Jonathan/A-4604-2009; OI Wells, Jonathan/0000-0003-0411-8025; Katzmarzyk, Peter/0000-0002-9280-6022; Marion Malina, Robert/0000-0003-4049-2620 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U120061305] NR 182 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2047-6310 J9 PEDIATR OBES JI Pediatr. Obes. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 BP E42 EP E61 DI 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00073.x PG 20 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 029TM UT WOS:000310518800001 PM 22911903 ER PT J AU Strickman, D Fonseca, DM AF Strickman, Daniel Fonseca, Dina M. TI Autogeny in Culex pipiens Complex Mosquitoes from the San Francisco Bay Area SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; HOUSE MOSQUITO; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN-DISEASE; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; CALIFORNIA AB We surveyed the genetic ancestry and recorded the occurrence of autogeny, the developmental times, and survival rates in families of Culex pipiens in Santa Clara County, CA, at 37 degrees N latitude. Females in 95% of the families produced fertile egg rafts without access to blood (= autogeny) after mating in stenogamous conditions. Developmental time, survival, and egg raft production were closely correlated to temperature. Male DV/D ratios overwhelmingly matched Cx. pipiens but a microsatellite analysis revealed these were Cx. pipiens form molestus hybridized with Culex quinquefasciatus and to a lesser extent to a. pipiens form pipiens, a genetic mix heretofore not recorded elsewhere. Greater DV/D ratios and larger proportions of genetic ancestry from C. quinquefasciatus were negatively correlated to autogeny. The combination of multiple overwintering strategies and widespread autogeny in females arising from aboveground larval sites supports the hypothesis that some North American populations of Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes express unusual phenologies. C1 [Fonseca, Dina M.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Strickman, Daniel] ARS, USDA, Off Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Fonseca, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, 180 Jones Av, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM Daniel.Strickman@ars.usda.gov; dinafons@rci.rutgers.edu OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 FU NIH [R01GM063258]; CDC/NIH [U50/CCU220532]; Rutgers University startup funds FX NIH R01GM063258, CDC/NIH#U50/CCU220532, and Rutgers University startup funds to DMF. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 87 IS 4 BP 719 EP 726 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0079 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 020FS UT WOS:000309795000023 PM 22869630 ER PT J AU Nemeth, N Bosco-Lauth, A Oesterle, P Kohler, D Bowen, R AF Nemeth, Nicole Bosco-Lauth, Angela Oesterle, Paul Kohler, Dennis Bowen, Richard TI North American Birds as Potential Amplifying Hosts of Japanese Encephalitis Virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; VELLORE SOUTH INDIA; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE; WILD BIRDS; OKINAWA ISLAND; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS; GENOTYPE; ECOLOGY AB Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an emerging arbovirus, and inter-continental spread is an impending threat. The virus is maintained in a transmission cycle between mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts, including birds. We detected variation in interspecies responses among North American birds to infection with strains of two different JEV genotypes (I and III). Several native North American passerine species and ring-billed gulls had the highest average peak viremia titers after inoculation with a Vietnamese (genotype I) JEV strain. Oral JEV shedding was minimal and cloacal shedding was rarely detected. The majority of birds, both viremic (72 of 74; 97.3%) and non-viremic (31 of 37; 83.8%), seroconverted by 14 days post-inoculation and West Nile virus-immune individuals had cross-protection against JEV viremia. Reservoir competence and serologic data for a variety of avian taxa are important for development of JEV surveillance and control strategies and will aid in understanding transmission ecology in the event of JEV expansion to North America. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Immunol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci & Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kohler, Dennis] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Bowen, R (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM nmnemeth@uga.edu; mopargal@rams.colostate.edu; poester@uga.edu; dennis.kohler@aphis.usda.gov; Richard.Bowen@colostate.edu FU National Institutes of Health [N01-AI25489] FX This research was funded by National Institutes of Health, contract N01-AI25489. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 87 IS 4 BP 760 EP 767 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0141 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 020FS UT WOS:000309795000029 PM 22927494 ER PT J AU Hanberry, BB He, HS Palik, BJ AF Hanberry, Brice B. He, Hong S. Palik, Brian J. TI Comparing Predicted Historical Distributions of Tree Species Using Two Tree-based Ensemble Classification Methods SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID VARIABLE IMPORTANCE; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; RANDOM FORESTS; PRESETTLEMENT; LANDSCAPE; VEGETATION; REGRESSION; ABSENCES; RECORDS; MODELS AB Fine scale spatial mapping of historical tree records over large extents is important for determining historical species distributions. We compared performance of two ensemble methods based on classification trees, random forests, and boosted classification, for mapping continuous historical distributions of tree species. We used a combination of soil and terrain predictor variables to predict species distributions for 21 tree species, or species groups, from historical tree surveys in the Missouri Ozarks. Mean true positive rates and AUC values of all species combined for random forests and boosted classification, at a modeling prevalence and threshold of 0.5, were similar and ranged from 0.80 to 0.84. Although prediction probabilities were correlated (mean r = 0.93), predicted probabilities from random forests generated maps with more variation within subsections, whereas boosted classification was better able to differentiate the restricted range of shortleaf pine. Both random forests and boosted classification performed well at predicting species distributions over large extents. Comparison of species distributions from two or more statistical methods permits selection of the most appropriate models. Because ensemble classification trees incorporate environmental predictors, they should improve current methods used for mapping historical trees species distributions and increase the understanding of historical distributions of species. C1 [Hanberry, Brice B.; He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Hanberry, BB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hanberryb@missouri.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 FU National Fire Plan; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX We received help from Rencang Bu, Bill Dijak, Jane Elith, Jennifer Goyne, Erica Serna, Kyle Steele, Tim Nigh, and funding from the National Fire Plan and the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 168 IS 2 BP 443 EP 455 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020VN UT WOS:000309844800016 ER PT J AU Gelineau-van Waes, J Rainey, MA Maddox, JR Voss, KA Sachs, AJ Gardner, NM Wilberding, JD Riley, RT AF Gelineau-van Waes, Janee Rainey, Mark A. Maddox, Joyce R. Voss, Kenneth A. Sachs, Andrew J. Gardner, Nicole M. Wilberding, Justin D. Riley, Ronald T. TI Increased sphingoid base-1-phosphates and failure of neural tube closure after exposure to fumonisin or FTY720 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Neural Tube Defects CY NOV 06-09, 2011 CL Austin, TX DE fumonisin; FTY720; neural tube defect; exencephaly; sphingolipid; ceramide synthase; mycotoxin; sphinganine-1-phosphate; S1P receptors; neural progenitor cells ID SPHINGOSINE-1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NULL ALLELE; 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS; BICISTRONIC STRUCTURE; CERAMIDE SYNTHASES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CELL-MIGRATION; BIRTH-DEFECTS; SPINA-BIFIDA AB BACKGROUND: Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by a common fungal contaminant of corn. Ingestion of FB1-contaminated food is associated with increased risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). FB1 induces NTDs in inbred LM/Bc mice. FB1 inhibits ceramide synthase in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, resulting in accumulation of sphinganine and sphinganine-1-phosphate (Sa1P). Sa1P functions as a ligand for a family of G protein-coupled S1P receptors. METHODS: Pregnant SWV and LM/Bc mice were treated with FB1 (20 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally on embryonic day (ED) 7.58.5) or the known S1P receptor agonist FTY720 (10 mg/kg/day oral gavage on ED 6.58.5). LC/MS was used to detect sphingoid base-1-phosphates in maternal blood spots, plasma, and embryonic tissue. Strain-specific SWV and LM/Bc mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and serum free mouse embryo (SFME) neural progenitor cells were treated with FB1 (40 mu M for 24 hr) and LC/MS was used to detect sphingoid base-1-phosphates. RESULTS: FTY720 induced NTDs in both the SWV and the LM/Bc strains of mice. Sphinganine-1-P (Sa1P) and FTY720-P were elevated in the blood spots and plasma of mice treated with FB1 or FTY720, respectively. FTY720-P was elevated in ED 9.5 exencephalic embryos. Sa1P was elevated in SFME and MEF cells treated with FB1, and Sa1P was higher in MEFs generated from the FB1-NTDsusceptible LM/Bc strain. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated sphingoid base-1-P after FB1 or FTY720 suggest a potential role for these bioactive lipid ligands and activation of S1P receptor signaling pathways in the failure of neural tube closure after FB1 or FTY720. Sa1P may represent a biomarker for FB1-NTD risk assessment. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Gelineau-van Waes, Janee; Rainey, Mark A.; Maddox, Joyce R.; Sachs, Andrew J.; Gardner, Nicole M.] Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Voss, Kenneth A.; Riley, Ronald T.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, RB Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Wilberding, Justin D.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Genet Cell Biol & Anat, Omaha, NE USA. RP Gelineau-van Waes, J (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM JaneeVanwaes@creighton.edu FU USDA-ARS NP108 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [6612-42000-012-00D, R21ES019771]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [RC4HD067971]; Nebraska Tobacco Settlement Biomedical Research Development Funds [LB692]; National Center for Research Resources [G20RR024001]; Lipidomics Shared Resource, Hollings Cancer Center [P30 CA138313]; South Carolina Lipidomics and Pathobiology COBRE [P20 RR017677]; National Center for Research Resources; Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health [C06 RR018823] FX Supported by USDA-ARS NP108 in house project 6612-42000-012-00D, Award Number R21ES019771 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Award Number RC4HD067971 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, LB692 Nebraska Tobacco Settlement Biomedical Research Development Funds, and grant number G20RR024001 from the National Center for Research Resources, which provided funding for renovation of the Creighton University Animal Resource Facility.; We thank Jency Showker (USDA-ARS) for her technical assistance. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Jacek Bielawski and the Lipidomics Core Facility at the Medical University of South Carolina, which is supported in part by the Lipidomics Shared Resource, Hollings Cancer Center (P30 CA138313), the South Carolina Lipidomics and Pathobiology COBRE (P20 RR017677), and the National Center for Research Resources and the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health (C06 RR018823). NR 84 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 94 IS 10 SI SI BP 790 EP 803 DI 10.1002/bdra.23074 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 023WS UT WOS:000310068400007 PM 22991331 ER PT J AU Beck, BH Farmer, BD Straus, DL Li, C Peatman, E AF Beck, Benjamin H. Farmer, Bradley D. Straus, David L. Li, Chao Peatman, Eric TI Putative roles for a rhamnose binding lectin in Flavobacterium columnare pathogenesis in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium columnare; Channel catfish; Rhamnose-binding lectin; Columnaris disease ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; FEED DEPRIVATION; ADHESION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RAFINESQUE; CHALLENGE; STRAINS; MUCUS AB Columnaris disease, caused by the bacterial pathogen Flavobacterium columnare, continues to be a major problem worldwide and commonly leads to tremendous losses of both wild and cultured freshwater fish, particularly in intensively farmed aquaculture species such as channel catfish. Despite its ecologic and economic impacts, the fundamental molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to this pathogen remain unclear. While E columnare can induce marked pathologic changes in numerous ectopic tissues, the adhesion of F. columnare to the gill in particular is strongly associated with pathogen virulence and host susceptibility. Recently, in this regard, using RNA-seq expression profiling we found that a rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) was dramatically upregulated in the gill of fish infected with E columnare (as compared to naive fish). Thus, in the present study we sought to further characterize and understand the RBL response in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). We first identified two distinct catfish families with differential susceptibilities to columnaris disease; one family was found to be completely resistant while the other was susceptible (0% mortality versus 18.3% respectively, P < 0.001). Exclusively, in the susceptible family, we observed an acute and robust upregulation in catfish RBL that persisted for at least 24 h (P < 0.05). To elucidate whether RBL play a more direct role in columnaris pathogenesis, we exposed channel catfish to different doses of the putative RBL ligands L-rhamnose and D-galactose, and found that these sugars, protected channel catfish against columnaris disease, likely through competition with E columnare binding of host RBL Finally, we examined the role of nutritional status on RBL regulation and found that RBL expression was upregulated (>120-fold; P < 0.05) in fish fasted for 7 d (as compared to fish fed to satiation daily), yet expression levels returned to those of satiated fish within 4 h after re-feeding. Collectively, these findings highlight putative roles for RBL in the context of columnaris disease and reveal new aspects linking RBL regulation to feed availability. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Chao; Peatman, Eric] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Beck, Benjamin H.; Farmer, Bradley D.; Straus, David L.] ARS, USDA, Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Peatman, E (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM peatmer@auburn.edu FU USDA/ARS [6225-31630-006-00] FX The authors would like to thank Brian Peterson for providing fish and Matt Barnett for his technical assistance and expertise. We would also like to thank S. Adam Fuller, Marty Riche, and Huseyin Kucuktas for carefully reviewing the manuscript. This study was funded by the USDA/ARS under project number 6225-31630-006-00. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1008 EP 1015 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.08.018 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 025JT UT WOS:000310185800039 PM 22960031 ER PT J AU Finlayson, B Schnick, R Skaar, D Anderson, J Demong, L Duffield, D Horton, W Steinkjer, J VanMaaren, C AF Finlayson, Brian Schnick, Rosalie Skaar, Don Anderson, Jon Demong, Leo Duffield, Dan Horton, William Steinkjer, Jarle VanMaaren, Chris TI Rotenone Use in Fish Management and Parkinson's Disease: Another Look SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID RATS; SYSTEM; MICE C1 [Finlayson, Brian] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Camino, CA 95709 USA. [Schnick, Rosalie] Michigan State Univ, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Schnick, Rosalie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Skaar, Don] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Anderson, Jon] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Demong, Leo] New York Dept Environm Conservat, Vermontville, NY 12989 USA. [Duffield, Dan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Horton, William] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Steinkjer, Jarle] Norwegian Directorate Nat Management, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [VanMaaren, Chris] New York Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. EM briankarefinlayson@att.net NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD OCT PY 2012 VL 37 IS 10 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.723963 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 022VO UT WOS:000309992300006 ER PT J AU Ta, YT Nguyen, TT To, PB Pham, DX Hao, THL Alali, WQ Walls, I Wong, DMALF Doyle, MP AF Ta, Yen T. Trung Thanh Nguyen Phuong Bich To Da Xuan Pham Hao Thi Hong Le Alali, Walid Q. Walls, Isabel Wong, Danilo M. A. Lo Fo Doyle, Michael P. TI Prevalence of Salmonella on Chicken Carcasses from Retail Markets in Vietnam SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER SPP.; BROILER CARCASSES; SAMPLING METHODS; CONTAMINATION; RAW; OUTLETS AB This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella on chicken carcasses collected from six regions in Vietnam. A total of 1,000 whole, dressed chicken carcasses were collected from five cities and seven provinces across the six regions in Vietnam. Of these, 900 samples were collected from wet markets and 100 from supermarkets. All samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella according to a method recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service. The overall Salmonella prevalence was 45.9%. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in Salmonella prevalence by (i) location (Ha Noi city, 51.1%; Hai Phong city, 45.6%; Da Nang and Can Tho cities, 45.5%; Bac Ninh province and Ho Chi Minh city, 44.7%; Dong Nai province, 44.6%; Ha Tinh province, 44.4%; Phu Tho province, 43.8%; Lao Cai province, 43.5%; Kien Giang province, 41.9%; and Lam Dong province, 40.9%), (ii) market type (wet market, 46.2%; supermarket samples, 43.0%), and (iii) storage temperature at retail (ambient storage, 46.4%; chilled storage, 45.1%). Hence, Salmonella presence on poultry meat in Vietnam was not associated with a specific city or province, market type, or storage temperature at retail. Strategies to reduce Salmonella levels on raw poultry in Vietnam should be undertaken to improve the safety of poultry products and reduce the incidence of human salmonellosis from poultry consumption. C1 [Alali, Walid Q.; Doyle, Michael P.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Walls, Isabel] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Wong, Danilo M. A. Lo Fo] World Hlth Org, Food Safety & Zoonoses, Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Alali, WQ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM walali@uga.edu OI Walls, Isabel/0000-0002-9643-8845 FU "Data Collection for Salmonella in Raw Poultry in Vietnam" of the University of Georgia; World Health Organization Global Foodbome Infections Network FX The research work was supported by the project "Data Collection for Salmonella in Raw Poultry in Vietnam" of the University of Georgia in collaboration with the World Health Organization Global Foodbome Infections Network. We thank the technical staff at the NIFC and Local Department of Health. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1851 EP 1854 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-130 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 020WD UT WOS:000309846400018 PM 23043836 ER PT J AU Pimenta, RS da Silva, JFM Buyer, JS Janisiewicz, WJ AF Pimenta, Raphael Sanzio Moreira da Silva, Juliana F. Buyer, Jeffrey S. Janisiewicz, Wojciech J. TI Endophytic Fungi from Plums (Prunus domestica) and Their Antifungal Activity against Monilinia fructicola SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CONTROL POSTHARVEST DECAY; ACETIC-ACID; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PHAEOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; TRICHOPHYTON-RUBRUM; GROWTH-INHIBITION; ETHYL-ACETATE; ESSENTIAL OIL; PATHOGEN; FRUITS AB Enophytic fungi were isolated from plum (Prunus domestica) leaves, identified with ITS1 and ITS4 primers, and their antagonistic activity was tested against Monilinia fructicola. which causes brown rot, blossom blight, and twig blight of stone fruits, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes anthracnose on a variety of fruit crops. The production of antifungal compounds was determined in agar-diffusion and volatile inverted-plate tests. A total of 163 fungi were recovered from 30 plum trees, representing 22 cultivars. Twenty-nine morphotypes were detected, but only 14 species were identified genetically. The most frequently isolated species was Phaeosphaeria nodorum, constituting 86.5% of the total isolates. Four isolates produced inhibitory volatiles to M. fructicola; however, no isolate produced volatiles inhibitory to C. gloeosporioides. The volatiles produced by these fungi were identified as ethyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetic acid, 2-propyn-1-ol, and 2-propenenitrile. The fungal volatiles inhibited growth and reduced width of the hyphae, and caused disintegration of the hyphal content. This is the first study describing fungal endophytes in stone fruits. The P. nodorum strains producing inhibitory volatiles could play a significant role in reduction of M. fructicola expansion in plum tissues. Potential of these strains for biological control of this pathogen on stone fruits warrants further investigation. C1 [Pimenta, Raphael Sanzio; Moreira da Silva, Juliana F.; Janisiewicz, Wojciech J.] Agr Res Serv, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Pimenta, Raphael Sanzio] Univ Fed Tocantins, Lab Microbiol Ambiental & Biotecnol, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. [Moreira da Silva, Juliana F.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Lab Ecol & Biotecnol Leveduras, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Buyer, Jeffrey S.] Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Janisiewicz, WJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM wojciech.janisiewicz@ars.usda.gov FU National Council for Scientific and Technological Development [201555/2009-3]; USDA, Current Research Information System [1931-22000-008-00D] FX This work was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (grant no. 201555/2009-3) and USDA, Current Research Information System grant no. 1931-22000-008-00D. We thank Shane Yarrington for his technical assistance in this project. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 35 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1883 EP 1889 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-156 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 020WD UT WOS:000309846400025 PM 23043843 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Maurer, JJ Berrang, ME Fedorka-Cray, PJ Buhr, RJ Byrd, JA Lee, MD Hofacre, CL O'Kane, PM Lammerding, AM Clark, AG Thayer, SG Doyle, MP AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Maurer, J. J. Berrang, M. E. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Buhr, R. J. Byrd, J. A. Lee, M. D. Hofacre, C. L. O'Kane, P. M. Lammerding, A. M. Clark, A. G. Thayer, S. G. Doyle, M. P. TI Evidence for Horizontal and Vertical Transmission in Campylobacter Passage from Hen to Her Progeny SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPE-4; BROILER BREEDER HENS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; LAYING HENS; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; PRODUCTION SYSTEM; FATAL SEPTICEMIA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; WHITE DIARRHEA; YOUNG CHICKENS AB Campylobacter is an important human pathogen, and consumption of undercooked poultry has been linked to significant human illnesses. To reduce human illness, intervention strategies targeting Campylobacter reduction in poultry are in development. For more than a decade, there has been an ongoing national and international controversy about whether Campylobacter can pass from one generation of poultry to the next via the fertile egg. We recognize that there are numerous sources of Campylobacter entry into flocks of commercial poultry (including egg transmission), yet the environment is often cited as the only source. There has been an abundance of published research globally that refutes this contention, and this article lists and discusses many of them, along with other studies that support environment as the sole or primary source. One must remember that egg passage can mean more than vertical, transovarian transmission. Fecal bacteria, including Campylobacter, can contaminate the shell, shell membranes, and albumen of freshly laid fertile eggs. This contamination is drawn through the shell by temperature differential, aided by the presence of moisture (the "sweating" of the egg); then, when the chick emerges from the egg, it can ingest bacteria such as Campylobacter, become colonized, and spread this contamination to flock mates in the grow house. Improvements in cultural laboratory methods continue to advance our knowledge of the ecology of Campylobacter, and in the not-so-distant future, egg passage will not be a subject continuously debated but will be embraced, thus allowing the development and implementation of more effective intervention strategies. C1 [Cox, N. A.; Richardson, L. J.; Berrang, M. E.; Fedorka-Cray, P. J.; Buhr, R. J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Maurer, J. J.; Lee, M. D.; Hofacre, C. L.; O'Kane, P. M.; Thayer, S. G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Byrd, J. A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Lammerding, A. M.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Guelph, ON N1G B52, Canada. [Clark, A. G.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Doyle, M. P.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM nelson.cox@ars.usda.gov NR 87 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1896 EP 1902 DI 10.4315/0362-028.JFP-11-322 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 020WD UT WOS:000309846400027 PM 23043845 ER PT J AU Franco, W Perez-Diaz, IM AF Franco, Wendy Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M. TI Development of a Model System for the Study of Spoilage Associated Secondary Cucumber Fermentation during Long-Term Storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cucumber secondary fermentation; fermented cucumber; lactic acid utilization; organic acids; yeast ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; IDENTIFICATION; OLIVES; ACID; SEQUENCES AB Calcium chloride fermentations represent an alternative to reduce chloride concentrations in the wastewaters generated from commercial cucumber fermentations, currently performed in cover brine solutions containing 6% to 12% sodium chloride. However, preliminary attempts to commercially ferment the cucumbers in the presence of oxygen led to the development of a secondary cucumber fermentation or spoilage. The development of cucumber secondary fermentation has also been occasionally reported by processors using cover brine solutions containing sodium chloride. This study focused on the development of a model system to characterize CaCl2 and NaCl secondary cucumber fermentations under conditions similar to those present on the commercial scale. Cucumber fruits mixed with cover brine solutions, containing 100 mM CaCl2 or 1.03 M NaCl, and 25 mM acetic acid, were fermented in 2 L fermentation vessels subjected to air-purging at a rate of 5 mL/min. Microorganisms and selected biochemical changes detected in the experimental cucumber fermentations had been previously observed in commercial spoilage samples, suggesting the successful reproduction of the secondary fermentation in the laboratory. Experimental secondary fermentations were characterized by the rapid oxidation of the lactic acid produced during the primary fermentation, which, in turn, increased pH. Lactic acid disappearance seemed to be the result of yeast metabolism that also led to the chemical reduction of the environment to levels at which other bacteria could become established and produce butyric, propionic, and acetic acids. This model system will be applied for the identification of strategies to prevent the initiation of the cucumber secondary fermentation and reduce economic losses in the pickling industry. Practical Application: The study of secondary cucumber fermentation has represented a challenge for many years. The successful development of a model system for the study of this phenomenon in the laboratory is instrumental in furthering the study of the event and in optimizing the sodium-chloride-free fermentation at the commercial scale. C1 [Franco, Wendy; Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27698 USA. [Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27698 USA. EM Ilenys.Perez-Diaz@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 77 IS 10 BP M586 EP M592 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02845.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 021YS UT WOS:000309922500023 PM 22924596 ER PT J AU Brown, TM Cerruto-Noya, CA Schrader, KK Kleinholz, CW DeWitt, CAM AF Brown, T. M. Cerruto-Noya, C. A. Schrader, K. K. Kleinholz, C. W. DeWitt, C. A. Mireles TI Evaluation of a Modified pH-Shift Process to Reduce 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin in Spiked Catfish and Produce a Consumer Acceptable Fried Catfish Nugget-Like Product SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE catfish; geosmin; methylisoborneol; off-flavor; pH-shift ID RAISED CHANNEL CATFISH; OFF-FLAVORS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; FAT-CONTENT; ACID; PROTEIN; MUSCLE AB Muddy and/or musty off-flavors in farmed-raised catfish occur as a result of the absorption of geosmin (GEO) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), compounds produced by algae. Previous research suggests the acid pH-shift method may be able to reduce off-flavors to produce a consumer acceptable product. The objective of this research was to evaluate application of the acid pH-shift method using a shaker sieve for protein recovery and to evaluate consumer acceptability of a resultant batter-coated fried nugget-like catfish product. Farm-raised catfish were either allowed to depurate (control) or treated with 1 ppb GEO or MIB. Fillets from each replicate were collected and ground and treated by the acid pH-shift process. Samples from all treatments and replicates were evaluated for residual GEO and MIB. In addition, batter-coated fried catfish samples were prepared for a consumer sensory evaluation. Results demonstrated that the pH-shift process decreased moisture, ash, and collagen content of catfish fillet tissue (P < 0.05). Flavor of control samples was preferred (P < 0.05). Texture of catfish samples treated by the pH-shift process was preferred (P < 0.05). Results demonstrate the pH-shift process can be utilized to reduce off-flavors and increase the acceptability of a processed catfish product. Practical Application: Use of a sieve as an economic alternative for the pH-shift process was evaluated for removing off-flavors from catfish. Difficulties were encountered with regard to protein recovery using the sieve and suggestions are made to, perhaps, make the process more applicable for a sieve-based recovery step. The process as described reduced off-flavors, but only 2-fold suggesting the process would work best on catfish near or just over off-flavor thresholds. Results also indicated the pH-shift process could be used to improve texture of a fried catfish product designed to be similar to chicken nuggets. C1 [DeWitt, C. A. Mireles] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brown, T. M.] Adv Pierre Foods, Enid, OK 73701 USA. [Cerruto-Noya, C. A.] UAC Carmen Pampa, UCB, La Paz, Bolivia. [Schrader, K. K.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Unit, Thad Cochran Res Ctr, Univ, MS 38677 USA. [Kleinholz, C. W.] Langston Univ Res & Extens, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [DeWitt, C. A. Mireles] Oregon State Univ, Seafood Res & Educ Ctr, Astoria, OR 97103 USA. [Brown, T. M.; Cerruto-Noya, C. A.; DeWitt, C. A. Mireles] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Robert M Kerr Food & Agr Prod Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP DeWitt, CAM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM christina.dewitt@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-CSREES; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater, OK FX This research was funded by a grant from USDA-CSREES. This research was also partially funded by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater, OK. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Larry Claypool from the department of statistics for his contributions with data analysis and Lin Koh, George Luker, Kris Novotny, Alisha Parsons, Sujitha Prasad, Tyler Tate, and Akhila Vasan for their invaluable help with running the project. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 77 IS 10 BP S377 EP S383 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02907.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 021YS UT WOS:000309922500015 PM 22937764 ER PT J AU Olson, D Wackers, F Haugen, JE AF Olson, Dawn Waeckers, Felix Haugen, John-Erik TI Threshold Detection of Boar Taint Chemicals Using Parasitic Wasps SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE associative learning; androstenone; biosensors; odor concentration; Microplitis croceipes; skatole ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; APIS-MELLIFERA; HONEYBEES; INTENSITY; DISCRIMINATION; FAT AB Surgical castration has been long used to prevent consumers from experiencing taint in meat from male pigs, which is a large problem in the pig husbandry industry. Due to obvious animal welfare issues, the EU now wants an alternative for castration, suggesting an urgent need for novel methods of boar taint detection. As boar taint is only a problem when taint chemicals exceed a well-defined threshold, detection methods should be concentration-specific. The wasp, Microplitis croceipes ability to learn and respond to particular concentrations of the boar taint compounds, skatole, androstenone, and indole was tested. Also tested was the wasps ability to discriminate between known concentrations of indole, skatole, and androstenone in real boar fat samples at room temperature. Wasps were trained using associative learning by providing food-deprived wasps with sucrosewater in the presence of specific odor concentrations. Trained wasps responses were tested to a range of concentrations of 3 compounds. Wasps showed unidirectional generalization of learned concentration responses, whereby the direction of concentration generalization was shown to be chemical-dependent. Through both positive (sucrose) and negative feeding experiences (water only) with varying compound concentrations, the wasps can also be conditioned to respond to concentrations exceeding a defined threshold, and they were successful in reporting low, medium, and high concentrations of indole, skatole, and androstenone in boar fat at room temperature. The need for threshold detection rather than simple detection of absence/presence applies to many food quality issues, including the detection of spoilage or pest damage in crops or stored foods. Practical Application: An inexpensive and reliable means of detecting boar tainted pork at slaughter to avoid tainted meat on the market and dissatisfied consumers. C1 [Olson, Dawn] ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Waeckers, Felix] Univ Lancaster, Ctr Sustainable Agr, LEC, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Haugen, John-Erik] Norwegian Inst Food Fisheries & Aquacultural Res, NO-1430 As, Norway. RP Olson, D (reprint author), ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Dawn.Olson@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 77 IS 10 BP S356 EP S361 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02883.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 021YS UT WOS:000309922500012 PM 22924645 ER PT J AU Nelson, MI Gramer, MR Vincent, AL Holmes, EC AF Nelson, Martha I. Gramer, Marie R. Vincent, Amy L. Holmes, Edward C. TI Global transmission of influenza viruses from humans to swine SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANDEMIC H1N1 2009; A VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; PIGS; REASSORTMENT; ORIGIN; ARGENTINA; OUTBREAK; FARM AB To determine the extent to which influenza viruses jump between human and swine hosts, we undertook a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of pandemic A/H1N1/09 (H1N1pdm09) influenza virus genome sequence data. From this, we identified at least 49 human-to-swine transmission events that occurred globally during 2009-2011, thereby highlighting the ability of the H1N1pdm09 virus to transmit repeatedly from humans to swine, even following adaptive evolution in humans. Similarly, we identified at least 23 separate introductions of human seasonal (non-pandemic) H1 and H3 influenza viruses into swine globally since 1990. Overall, these results reveal the frequency with which swine are exposed to human influenza viruses, indicate that humans make a substantial contribution to the genetic diversity of influenza viruses in swine, and emphasize the need to improve biosecurity measures at the human swine interface, including influenza vaccination of swine workers. C1 [Nelson, Martha I.; Holmes, Edward C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gramer, Marie R.] Univ Minnesota, Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vincent, Amy L.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Holmes, Edward C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Nelson, MI (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nelsonma@mail.nih.gov OI Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 FU Office of Global Affairs at the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) FX This research was conducted within the context of the Multinational Influenza Seasonal Mortality Study (MISMS), an ongoing international collaborative effort to understand influenza epidemiology and evolution, led by the Fogarty International Center, NIH, with funding from the Office of Global Affairs at the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). NR 26 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 93 BP 2195 EP 2203 DI 10.1099/vir.0.044974-0 PN 10 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 023OD UT WOS:000310043400012 PM 22791604 ER PT J AU Pena, L Vincent, AL Loving, CL Henningson, JN Lager, KM Li, WZ Perez, DR AF Pena, Lindomar Vincent, Amy L. Loving, Crystal L. Henningson, Jamie N. Lager, Kelly M. Li, Weizhong Perez, Daniel R. TI Strain-dependent effects of PB1-F2 of triple-reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses in swine SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; A VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; MANNOSE RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS; REPLICATION AB The PB1-F2 protein of the influenza A viruses (IAVs) can act as a virulence factor in mice. Its contribution to the virulence of IAV in swine, however, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we chose two genetically related H3N2 triple-reassortant IAVs to assess the impact of PB1-F2 in virus replication and virulence in pigs. Using reverse genetics, we disrupted the PB1-F2 ORE of A/swine/Wisconsin/14094/99 (H3N2) (Sw/99) and A/turkey/Ohio/313053/04 (H3N2) (Ty/04). Removing the PB1-F2 ORF led to increased expression of PB1-N40 in a strain-dependent manner. Ablation of the PB1-F2 ORF (or incorporation of the N66S mutation in the PB1-F2 ORF, Sw/99 N66S) affected the replication in porcine alveolar macrophages of only the Sw/99 KO (PB1-F2 knockout) and Sw/99 N66S variants. The Ty/04 KO strain showed decreased virus replication in swine respiratory explants, whereas no such effect was observed in Sw/99 KO, compared with the wild-type (WT) counterparts. In pigs, PB1-F2 did not affect virus shedding or viral load in the lungs for any of these strains. Upon necropsy, PB1-F2 had no effect on the lung pathology caused by Sw/99 variants. Interestingly, the Ty/04 KO-infected pigs showed significantly increased lung pathology at 3 days post-infection compared with pigs infected with the Ty/04 WT strain. In addition, the pulmonary levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and gamma interferon were regulated differentially by the expression of PB1-F2. Taken together, these results indicate that PB1-F2 modulates virus replication, virulence and innate immune responses in pigs in a strain-dependent fashion. C1 [Pena, Lindomar; Li, Weizhong; Perez, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pena, Lindomar; Li, Weizhong; Perez, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vincent, Amy L.; Loving, Crystal L.; Henningson, Jamie N.; Lager, Kelly M.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Perez, DR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Amy.Vincent@ars.usda.gov; dperez1@umd.edu OI Perez, Daniel/0000-0002-6569-5689 FU CDC-HHS grant [1U01CI000355]; NIAID-NIH grant [R01AI052155]; CSREES-USDA grant [2005-05523]; NIAID-NIH contract [HHSN266 200700010C]; USDA-ARS FX We are indebted to Annabelle Pascua Crusan for her help with explant studies. We thank Michelle Harland, Hillary Horst, Gwen Nordholm, Brian Pottebaum, Jason Crabtree and Jason Huegel for technical assistance with the swine study. We would like to thank Susan Brockmeier for doing the bacteriological screening. This research was made possible through funding by a CDC-HHS grant (1U01CI000355), an NIAID-NIH grant (R01AI052155), a CSREES-USDA grant (2005-05523), an NIAID-NIH contract (HHSN266 200700010C) and USDA-ARS. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 93 BP 2204 EP 2214 DI 10.1099/vir.0.045005-0 PN 10 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 023OD UT WOS:000310043400013 PM 22815274 ER PT J AU Amitai, E Unkrich, CL Goodrich, DC Habib, E Thill, B AF Amitai, Eyal Unkrich, Carl L. Goodrich, David C. Habib, Emad Thill, Bryson TI Assessing Satellite-Based Rainfall Estimates in Semiarid Watersheds Using the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Gauge Network and TRMM PR SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION RADAR; PROFILING ALGORITHM AB The rain gauge network associated with the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in southeastern Arizona provides a unique opportunity for direct comparisons of in situ measurements and satellite-based instantaneous rain rate estimates like those from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR). The WGEW network is the densest rain gauge network in the PR coverage area for watersheds greater than 10 km(2). It consists of 88 weighing rain gauges within a 149-km(2) area. On average, approximately 10 gauges can be found in each PR field of view (similar to 5-km diameter). All gauges are very well synchronized with 1-min reporting intervals. This allows generating very-high-temporal-resolution rain rate fields and obtaining accurate estimates of the area-average rain rate for the entire watershed and for a single PR field of view. In this study, instantaneous rain rate fields from the PR and the spatially interpolated gauge measurements (on a 100 m 100 m grid, updated every 1 min) are compared for all TRMM overpasses in which the PR recorded rain within the WGEW boundaries (25 overpasses during 1999-2010). The results indicate very good agreement between the fields with low bias values (<10%) and high correlation coefficients, especially for the near-nadir cases (>0.9). The correlation is high at overpass time but the peak occurs several minutes after the overpass, which can be explained by the fact that it takes several minutes for the raindrops to reach the gauge from the time they are observed by the PR. The correlation improves with the new version of the TRMM algorithm (V7). The study includes assessment of the accuracy of the reference products. C1 [Amitai, Eyal] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Amitai, Eyal; Thill, Bryson] Chapman Univ, Orange, CA USA. [Unkrich, Carl L.; Goodrich, David C.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Habib, Emad] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Amitai, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM eyal.amitai@nasa.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 FU NASA [NNX10AK46G]; NASA GSFC Summer Institute in Earth Sciences Internship Program FX Funding for Eyal Amitai and Bryson Thill is from NASA Grant NNX10AK46G (2010/11) for Verifying Satellite Precipitation Estimates and Supporting Satellite Algorithm Development. Additional support for Bryson comes from the NASA GSFC 2011 Summer Institute in Earth Sciences Internship Program. We wish to thank Robert Meneghini of the NASA GSFC for his helpful suggestions. The staff of the USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center is also commended for their diligent collection of long-term, high-quality hydrometeorological observations. The anonymous reviewers are also acknowledged for their valuable comments and careful reviews. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1579 EP 1588 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-016.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 023NT UT WOS:000310042400012 ER PT J AU Dias, CC Moraes, MP Weiss, M Diaz-San Segundo, F Perez-Martin, E Salazar, AM de los Santos, T Grubman, MJ AF Dias, Camila C. Moraes, Mauro P. Weiss, Marcelo Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna Perez-Martin, Eva Salazar, Andres M. de los Santos, Teresa Grubman, Marvin J. TI Novel Antiviral Therapeutics to Control Foot-and-Mouth Disease SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYRIBOINOSINIC-POLYRIBOCYTIDYLIC ACID; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; RAPIDLY PROTECTS SWINE; YELLOW-FEVER VACCINE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTERFERON-ALPHA; SUBUNIT VACCINE; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Vaccines require similar to 7 days to induce protection; thus, before this time, vaccinated animals are still susceptible to the disease. Our group has previously shown that swine inoculated with 1 x 10(11) focus forming units (FFU) of a replication-defective human adenovirus containing the gene for porcine interferon alpha (Adt-pIFN-alpha) are sterilely protected from FMDV serotypes A24, O1 Manisa, or Asia 1 when the animals are challenged 1 day postadministration, and protection can last for 3-5 days. Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid stabilized with poly-l-lysine and carboxymethyl cellulose (poly ICLC) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA that is a viral mimic and activates multiple innate immune pathways through interaction with toll-like receptor 3 and MDA-5. It is a potent inducer of IFNs. In this study, we initially examined the effect of poly IC and IFN-alpha on FMDV replication and gene induction in cell culture. Poly ICLC alone or combined with Adt-pIFN-alpha was then evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy in swine against intradermal challenge with FMDV A24, 1 day post-treatment. Groups of swine were subcutaneously inoculated either with poly ICLC alone (4 or 8mg) or in combination with different doses of Adt-pIFN-alpha (2.5 x 10(9), 1 x 10(9), or 2.5 x 10(8) FFU). While different degrees of protection were achieved in all the treated animals, a dose of 8mg of poly ICLC alone or combined with 1 x 10(9) FFU of Adt-pIFN-alpha was sufficient to sterilely protect swine when challenged 24 h later with FMDV A24. IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at 1 day post-treatment was broader and higher in protected animals than in nonprotected animals. These data indicate that poly ICLC is a potent stimulator of IFN and ISGs in swine and at an adequate dose is sufficient to induce complete protection against FMD. C1 [Dias, Camila C.; Moraes, Mauro P.; Weiss, Marcelo; Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna; Perez-Martin, Eva; de los Santos, Teresa; Grubman, Marvin J.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Dias, Camila C.; Weiss, Marcelo; Perez-Martin, Eva] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, PIADC Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Moraes, Mauro P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT USA. [Salazar, Andres M.] Oncovir Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM marvin.grubman@ars.usda.gov RI Weiss, Marcelo/I-1274-2012 OI Weiss, Marcelo/0000-0001-7902-3210 FU Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program; CRIS [1940-32000-053-00D]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security [HSHQPD-07-X-00003, HSHQDC-09-X-00373] FX This research was supported in part by the Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Department of Agriculture (appointments of Camila C. A. Dias, Marcelo Weiss, and Eva Perez-Martin), by CRIS project number 1940-32000-053-00D, ARS, USDA (M.J. Grubman and T. de los Santos), and by an interagency agreement with the Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under the Award Numbers HSHQPD-07-X-00003 and HSHQDC-09-X-00373 (M.J. Grubman and T. de los Santos). The authors thank Douglas E. Brough and Damodar Ettyreddy from GenVec Inc. for supplies of the Adt vectors; Fawzi Mohamed, FADDL, for performing a histopathological analysis on the animals that died in the various trials; and the animal care staff at PIADC for their professional support and assistance. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 32 IS 10 BP 462 EP 473 DI 10.1089/jir.2012.0012 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 022QE UT WOS:000309974900003 PM 22924938 ER PT J AU Fay, PA Polley, HW Jin, VL Aspinwall, MJ AF Fay, Philip A. Polley, H. Wayne Jin, Virginia L. Aspinwall, Michael J. TI Productivity of well-watered Panicum virgatum does not increase with CO2 enrichment SO JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE switchgrass; bioenergy; resource allocation; tillering; meristem limitation ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ELEVATED CO2; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; C-4 GRASSES; ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; RESPONSES; SWITCHGRASS AB Rising atmospheric CO2 has been shown to increase aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in water-limited perennial grasslands, in part by reducing stomatal conductance and transpiration, thereby reducing depletion of soil moisture. However, the benefits of CO2 enrichment for ANPP will vary with soil type and may be reduced if water limitation is low. Little is known about CO2 effects on ANPP of Panicum virgatum, a perennial C-4 tallgrass and potential bioenergy crop. We hypothesized that if water limitation is minimized, (i) CO2 enrichment would not increase P. virgatum ANPP because photosynthetic rates of this C-4 grass would not increase and because decreased transpiration at elevated CO2 would provide little additional benefit in increased soil moisture and (ii) soil type will have little effect on P. virgatum CO2 responses because of high overall soil moisture. Growth and leaf physiology of P. virgatum cv. 'Alamo' were studied as plants established for 4 years on silty clay and clay soils along a 250 to 500 mu l l(-1) gradient in atmospheric CO2 located in central Texas, USA. Plants were watered to replace evapotranspiration, fertilized with NO3NH4 and P2O5 and clipped to standard height during mid-season. ANPP increased through the third year of growth. Soil moisture (0-20 cm), ANPP, tiller numbers and leaf area index were 8-18% higher on the clay than on the silty clay soil. ANPP did not increase with CO2 except in the planting year. However, biomass removed with clipping strongly increased with CO2 in years 2 and 3, suggesting that CO2 enrichment increased the early- to mid-season growth of establishing P. virgatum but not later regrowth or that of fully established plants. Furthermore, CO2 enrichment differentially affected two components of ANPP in years 2 and 3, increasing tiller mass and reducing tiller numbers. This reallocation of resources in clipped P. virgatum suggested increased meristem limitation of productivity with CO2 enrichment. CO2 enrichment had little effect on photosynthesis but increasingly reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration as the plants established. As a result, water use efficiency became increasingly coupled to CO2 as leaf area increased during establishment. These results suggest that for well-watered and clipped P. virgatum, ANPP differed between soil types, was not affected by CO2 enrichment when fully established but interacted with clipping to alter allocation patterns during establishment. Soil type effects on ANPP-CO2 responses will likely become more apparent when water is more limiting. C1 [Fay, Philip A.; Polley, H. Wayne] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Jin, Virginia L.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS Agroecosyst Management Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Aspinwall, Michael J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Fay, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM philip.fay@ars.usda.gov RI Aspinwall, Mike/M-2083-2014; OI Aspinwall, Mike/0000-0003-0199-2972; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program [IOS-0922457] FX United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (IOS-0922457). NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-9921 J9 J PLANT ECOL-UK JI J. Plant Ecol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 366 EP 375 DI 10.1093/jpe/rts007 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 022AZ UT WOS:000309928700002 ER PT J AU Trosvik, KA Rawles, SD Thompson, KR Metts, LA Gannam, A Twibell, R Webster, CD AF Trosvik, Kimberly A. Rawles, Steven D. Thompson, Kenneth R. Metts, Linda A. Gannam, Ann Twibell, Ronald Webster, Carl D. TI Growth and Body Composition of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Fry Fed Organic Diets Containing Yeast Extract and Soybean Meal as Replacements for Fish Meal, with and without Supplemental Lysine and Methionine SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COBIA RACHYCENTRON-CANADUM; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CHAIN AMINO-ACIDS; RAINBOW-TROUT; PRACTICAL DIETS; PROTEIN-SOURCES; FEEDING FREQUENCY; CHANNEL CATFISH; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; REQUIREMENTS AB Quantities of fish meal (FM) have remained level for the past several decades; however, demand has dramatically increased because of its inclusion in all animal production as a high-quality protein source. Soybean meal (SBM) is the most widely used plant-protein ingredient for replacing various proportions of FM in aquatic animal diets. However, use of SBM as the sole protein source has often resulted in reduced fish growth. There is a growing segment of consumers who desire organically grown seafood, and tilapia is one of the most-cultured fish in the world. As tilapia have herbivorous/omnivorous feeding habits, tilapia fed organic diets may allow producers to enter this rapidly developing market. A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the combination of organic SBM and an organic yeast extract (YE) as complete replacements for FM in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fry diets. Nine diets were formulated to contain various percentages of organic YE (0, 15, 30, and 45%) in combination with organic SBM (8434%) with and without amino acid (methionine and lysine) supplementation. At the conclusion of the study, fry fed a control diet containing 20% FM and fry fed a diet containing 45% YE/36%SBM with amino acid supplementation showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to those fed all other diets. On the basis of these data, an organic diet which replaces FM with a combination of SBM and YE with added methionine and lysine is commercially feasible and further investigation into the increased use of these two ingredients as protein sources in aquaculture diets is warranted. C1 [Trosvik, Kimberly A.; Thompson, Kenneth R.; Metts, Linda A.; Webster, Carl D.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Rawles, Steven D.] ARS, USDA, HKDSNARC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Gannam, Ann; Twibell, Ronald] USFWS, US Dept Interior, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Webster, CD (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. FU Kentucky Soybean Board; Alltech, Inc.; USDA [KYX-80-09-18A]; USDA/ARS CRIS project [6225-31630-006-00D] FX The authors thank N. Ann, K. C., K. N. Dee, B. R. Lee, E. M. Maa, Cathy Rhin, B. Rett, Shi Ron, M. S. Tee, D. R. Wynne, Sam Wise, D. A. Vidd, and K. A. Troz and F. L. Troz for technical assistance. This research project was partially funded by a grant from the Kentucky Soybean Board; a grant from Alltech, Inc.; a USDA grant under agreement KYX-80-09-18A to Kentucky State University; and support from USDA/ARS CRIS project 6225-31630-006-00D. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5 BP 635 EP 647 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2012.00595.x PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 018QM UT WOS:000309676800004 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Davis, KB AF Peterson, Brian C. Davis, Kenneth B. TI Effects of Gender and Sex Hormones on Disease Susceptibility of Channel Catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GROWTH; TESTOSTERONE; SELECTION; ESTRADIOL; TRAITS; PERCH; BLUE; MICE AB The use of monosex populations for aquaculture is becoming widely used for several species. The current studies determined if there were any differences between male and female channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, in disease susceptibility to Edwardsiella ictaluri, one of the most important pathogenic bacteria in catfish culture. Disease challenge experiments were carried out on fingerling channel catfish fed 17 beta-estradiol or testosterone before the challenge, and on all male and on sibling all female fingerlings. All male populations were produced by mating YY males with normal XX females. Sibling females were produced by hormonally sex reversing a subpopulation of six of the all male families. Weight gain or specific growth rate did not differ in fish fed testosterone or estrogen. Fish fed the highest dose of estrogen (50 mg/kg) had a significant higher mortality (P < 0.05), while mortality was similar in catfish fed 10 and 50 mg/kg of testosterone compared to controls. There were no differences in mortality between sibling males and females. These data indicate no increased disease susceptibility to E. ictaluri between males and females or due to exogenous sex hormones. Production of all male catfish for culture can proceed without concern for disease susceptibility to E. ictaluri. C1 [Peterson, Brian C.; Davis, Kenneth B.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5 BP 733 EP 738 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2012.00588.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 018QM UT WOS:000309676800014 ER PT J AU Chen, CC Pei, KJC Lai, YC Mortenson, JA AF Chen, Chen-Chih Pei, Kurtis Jai-Chyi Lai, Yu-Ching Mortenson, Jack A. TI PARTICIPATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY TO ASSESS SARCOPTIC MANGE IN SEROW OF TAIWAN SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Capricornis swinhoei; participatory epidemiology; Sarcoptes scabiei; Formosan serow ID SCABIEI VAR CANIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; HOST; ECOLOGY; COYOTE; ACARI AB We used participatory epidemiology (PE) in remote areas to understand the observed distribution and prevalence of infestation by sarcoptic mange mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) on wild Formosan serow (Capricornis swinhoei) in Taiwan. A semistructured interview protocol was used for 37 interviews during June-December 2008. Serow with skin lesions consistent with sarcoptic mange were reported within a latitudinal range of approximately 24 degrees 00'N to 22 degrees 40'N on the Central Mountain Range of Taiwan. The observed prevalence was 40-80% in seven of the 19 interview districts. Clinical signs were observed mainly on serow at elevations >1,000 m and most commonly winter (December-February). Sarcoptes scabiei has been observed in the infestation area for at least 80 yr. No other wildlife species with similar skin lesions were reported except wild boar. Sarcoptic mange mites on Taiwan serow might prefer a low-temperature environment, but other factors such as physiologic differences among serow populations might be involved in the determination of the northern boundary of the enzootic range. The use of PE to collect enzootic information on sarcoptic mange in wild serow was effective and rapid. C1 [Chen, Chen-Chih; Pei, Kurtis Jai-Chyi] Natl Pingtung Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Wildlife Conservat, Neipu 91201, Pingtung, Taiwan. [Lai, Yu-Ching] Huafan Univ, Dept Environm & Hazards Resistant Design, New Taipei City 23301, Taiwan. [Mortenson, Jack A.] Vet Serv, USDA, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RP Pei, KJC (reprint author), Natl Pingtung Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Wildlife Conservat, 1 Shuefu Rd, Neipu 91201, Pingtung, Taiwan. EM kcjpei@mail.npust.edu.tw FU Taiwan Forest Bureau, Council of Agriculture [97 Agriculture Technology-11.1.4-Management-el] FX We thank Yu-Ren Liang for his help in interviewing. Funding was provided by the Taiwan Forest Bureau, Council of Agriculture (Grant 97 Agriculture Technology-11.1.4-Management-el). NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 48 IS 4 BP 869 EP 875 DI 10.7589/2011-07-189 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 020VV UT WOS:000309845600003 PM 23060488 ER PT J AU Keller, SM Gabriel, M Terio, KA Dubovi, EJ VanWormer, E Sweitzer, R Barret, R Thompson, C Purcell, K Munson, L AF Keller, Stefan M. Gabriel, Mourad Terio, Karen A. Dubovi, Edward J. VanWormer, Elizabeth Sweitzer, Rick Barret, Reginald Thompson, Craig Purcell, Kathryn Munson, Linda TI Canine Distemper in an Isolated Population of Fishers (Martes pennanti) from California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE California; canine distemper; epizootic; European wildlife lineage; fisher; hemagglutinin; Martes pennanti; Mustelidae ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; VIRUS; STRAINS; FOXES; DOGS AB Four fishers (Martes pennanti) from an insular population in the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA died as a consequence of an infection with canine distemper virus (CDV) in 2009. Three fishers were found in close temporal and spatial relationship; the fourth fisher died 4 mo later at a 70 km distance from the initial group. Gross lesions were restricted to hyperkeratosis of periocular skin and ulceration of footpads. All animals had necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis with syncytia and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Inclusion bodies were abundant in the epithelia of urinary bladder and epididymis but were infrequent in the renal pelvis and the female genital epithelia. No histopathologic or immunohistochemical evidence for virus spread to the central nervous system was found. One fisher had encephalitis caused by Sarcocystis neurona and another had severe head trauma as a consequence of predation. The H gene nucleotide sequence of the virus isolates from the first three fishers was identical and was 99.6% identical to the isolate from the fourth fisher. Phylogenetically, the isolates clustered with other North American isolates separate from classical European wildlife lineage strains. These data suggest that the European wildlife lineage might consist of two separate subgroups that are genetically distinct and endemic in different geographic regions. The source of infection as well as pertinent transmission routes remained unclear. This is the first report of CDV in fishers and underscores the significance of CDV as a pathogen of management concern. C1 [Keller, Stefan M.; Munson, Linda] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gabriel, Mourad] Integral Ecol Res Ctr, Mckinleyville, CA 95519 USA. [Gabriel, Mourad] Univ Calif Davis, Vet Genet Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Terio, Karen A.] Univ Illinois, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Dubovi, Edward J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [VanWormer, Elizabeth] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sweitzer, Rick; Barret, Reginald] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thompson, Craig; Purcell, Kathryn] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Keller, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM smkeller@ucdavis.edu RI Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 FU Integral Ecology Research Center FX We acknowledge the Integral Ecology Research Center for providing financial support, the field crews at the Sierra Nevada adaptive management project and United States Forest Service fisher projects for detailed accounts of each fisher, Dan Rejmanek and Bradd Barr for their protozoal expertise, and Linda Lowenstine for review of slides and manuscript. In memoriam: Dr. Linda Munson. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1041 DI 10.7589/2011-12-350 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 020VV UT WOS:000309845600020 PM 23060505 ER PT J AU Fry, T Van Dalen, K Hurley, J Nash, P AF Fry, Tricia Van Dalen, Kaci Hurley, Jerome Nash, Paul TI Mucosal Adjuvants to Improve Wildlife Rabies Vaccination SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Adjuvant; chitosan; oral vaccination; rabies; raccoon; vaccine ID CHITOSAN; RACCOONS; COYOTES AB RABORAL V-BC (R)(a) is a recombinant vaccine used in oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs for wildlife in the United States. Vaccination rates for raccoons are substantially lower than vaccination rates for gray foxes and coyotes. Research suggests that the low viscosity of the oral vaccine may preclude animals from receiving an effective dose when biting into the vaccine bait delivery system. We evaluated the possibility of using two benign compounds, chitosan and N,N,N-trimethylated chitosan (TMC), to increase the viscosity of the vaccine and potentially act as adjuvants to improve the immune response in raccoons (Procyon lotor). Forty mildly sedated raccoons were orally vaccinated via needleless syringe with either RABORAL V-RG (n=12), chitosan+RABORAL V-RG (n=12), TMC+ RABORAL V-RG (n=12), or no vaccine (n=4), on day 0 and again on day 90. We collected sera every 2 4 wk for 4 mo and evaluated rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies (rVNA). Raccoons were considered responders if rVNA titers were >= 0.1. IU/mL. Eleven of 12 raccoons vaccinated with TMC+RABORAL V-RG responded after one dose of vaccine, as did eight of 12 vaccinated with RABORAL V-RG, and three of 12 vaccinated with chitosan+ RABORAL V-RG. Our results suggest that the inclusion of an adjuvant, such as TMC, could increase vaccine efficacy to aid in controlling rabies virus spread in wildlife reservoirs. C1 [Fry, Tricia; Van Dalen, Kaci; Hurley, Jerome; Nash, Paul] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nash, Paul] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Fry, T (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM tricia.l.fry@aphis.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Wildlife Services, Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with Merial, Ltd. FX Our thanks go to T. Atwood, S. Shriner, R. McLean, M. Dunbar, R. Pleszewski, D. Fitzpatrick, S. Johnson, G. Gathright, and the animal care staff at the National Wildlife Research Center. We thank the Centers for Disease Control Rabies Laboratory for conducting RFFITs. Our research was funded by US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services and as part of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with Merial, Ltd. Our mention of commercial products and laboratories herein is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement or censure by US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1042 EP 1046 DI 10.7589/2011-11-331 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 020VV UT WOS:000309845600021 PM 23060506 ER PT J AU Kistler, WM Stallknecht, DE Deliberto, TJ Swafford, S Pedersen, K Van Why, K Wolf, PC Hill, JA Bruning, DL Cumbee, JC Mickley, RM Betsill, CW Randall, AR Berghaus, RD Yabsley, MJ AF Kistler, Whitney M. Stallknecht, David E. Deliberto, Thomas J. Swafford, Seth Pedersen, Kerri Van Why, Kyle Wolf, Paul C. Hill, Jerry A. Bruning, Darren L. Cumbee, James C. Mickley, Randall M. Betsill, Carl W. Randall, Adam R. Berghaus, Roy D. Yabsley, Michael J. TI Antibodies to Avian Influenza Viruses in Canada Geese (Branta canadensis): A Potential Surveillance Tool? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza virus; blocking ELISA; Branta canadensis (Canada goose); serology ID WATERFOWL; BIRDS; ASSAY AB Traditionally, the epidemiology of avian influenza viruses (AI Vs) in wild birds has been defined by detection of virus or viral RNA through virus isolation or reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our goals were to estimate AIV antibody prevalence in Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and measure effects of age and location on these estimates. We collected 3,205 samples from nine states during June and July 2008 and 2009: Georgia, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, New jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Washington, and West Virginia. Serum samples were tested for AIV antibodies with the use of a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,. Overall, 483 (15%) Canada geese had detectable antibodies to AIV. Significantly, higher prevalences were detected in geese collected from northeastern and upper midwestern states compared with southeastern states. This trend is consistent with results from virus isolation studies reporting AIV prevalence in North American dabbling ducks. Within Pennsylvania, significantly higher antibody prevalences were detected in goose flocks sampled in urban locations compared to flocks sampled in rural areas. Antibody prevalence was significantly, higher in after-hatch-year geese compared to hatch-year geese. No significant differences in prevalence were detected from 10 locations sampled during both years. Results indicate that Canada geese are frequently exposed to AIVs and, with resident populations, may potentially, be useful as sentinels to confirm regional AIV transmission within wild bird populations. C1 [Kistler, Whitney M.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kistler, Whitney M.; Stallknecht, David E.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Deliberto, Thomas J.; Swafford, Seth; Pedersen, Kerri; Van Why, Kyle; Wolf, Paul C.; Hill, Jerry A.; Bruning, Darren L.; Cumbee, James C.; Mickley, Randall M.; Betsill, Carl W.; Randall, Adam R.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kistler, WM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM wkistler@uga.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Current Research Information System (CRIS) [6612-32000-048-00D]; Department of Homeland Security, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD) [2010-ST-061-AG0001-02]; Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) [58-6612-2-0220]; SCWDS [58-6612-2-0220]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAAD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C] FX We thank J. Parris, J. Slusher, and A. Howey (Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study [SCWDS], University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA) and personnel at the Pennsylvania Game Commission, New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) for field assistance. Funding was provided by USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Current Research Information System (CRIS) project 6612-32000-048-00D; Department of Homeland Security, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD) cooperative agreement 2010-ST-061-AG0001-02; Cooperative Agreement 58-6612-2-0220 between Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) and SCWDS; and contract HHSN266200700007C from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAAD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1097 EP 1101 DI 10.7589/2011-02-046 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 020VV UT WOS:000309845600032 PM 23060517 ER PT J AU Triepke, FJ DeMeo, TE Al Otoum, M Al-Azzam, L AF Triepke, F. J. DeMeo, T. E. Al Otoum, M. Al-Azzam, L. TI Composition and Structure of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) Communities in the Dibeen Forest Reserve, Jordan SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Aleppo pine; Dibeen Forest Reserve; forest composition; forest inventory; forest structure; pine-oak ID POSTFIRE REGENERATION; PONDEROSA PINE; OAK; CANOPY AB The amount of forest cover in Jordan is estimated at about one percent of the country's land area. Land-use pressures and altered disturbance regimes have generated concern for the conservation of forests. In this context, Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) is a valuable forest type diminished from its historic extent. Accordingly, to gather information for conservation planning, we used systematic vegetation sampling to evaluate the composition and structure of Aleppo pine communities at the Dibeen Forest Reserve in Jordan. Permanent plot centers were established on a 200-m grid, and 72 of the grid points were selected randomly for an initial sampling of the reserve. An inventory of all live and dead trees was taken on circular plots. Due to their conservation value and growing pattern, the plot size for live Aleppo pine was enlarged to capture additional diameter samples. Relative species abundance, as determined by basal area estimates, ranged from < 1 m(2)/ha for five of seven tree species captured in our inventory and up to 4.6 m(2)/ha for P. halepensis. The majority of basal area (41.2%) occurred in diameter classes between 5 and 20 cm. Not counting recruitment trees under 5 cm in diameter, tree density ranged from 0.7 trees per hectare (TPH) for Azarole hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus L. Azarole.) to 504.5 TPH for Palestine oak (Quercus coccifera ssp. calliprinos Holmboe (syn. Quercus calliprinos Webb)). Given the importance of P halepensis in determining the structure of Dibeen communities, basal area values were further stratified by diameter for the species, over 70% of which were concentrated in diameter classes between 20 and 55 cm. To assess succession and recruitment patterns in the pine, stem density was also stratified by diameter class and ranged from 68.9 TPH in the smallest class to 0.1 in the largest measured class, 140+ cm. The distribution of stem densities among diameter cohorts implies a self-sustaining population of P halepensis at the reserve. Low recruitment of other seral species suggests a need to further monitor tree recruitment and consider conservation strategies. C1 [Triepke, F. J.] US Forest Serv, Ecosyst Assessment & Planning Staff, USDA, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [DeMeo, T. E.] US Forest Serv, Nat Resources Staff, USDA, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Al Otoum, M.; Al-Azzam, L.] Royal Soc Conservat Nat, Amman 11941, Jordan. RP Triepke, FJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ecosyst Assessment & Planning Staff, USDA, SW Reg 333 Broadway Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM jtriepke@fs.fed.us FU International Programs of the U.S. Forest Service FX The authors thank the RSCN staff at the Dibeen Reserve for support and field sampling. Training and field work for this study was funded by International Programs of the U.S. Forest Service. We thank Jennifer Peterson and Natasha Marwah, of the International Programs Office, for organizing trips to Jordan and for their continued support of conservation efforts abroad. We also extend our appreciation to Frank Duran of the Forest Service for contributing early inventory data from Dibeen and for his forest inventory expertise and interpretation. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 356 EP 366 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 024EQ UT WOS:000310091900003 ER PT J AU Fay, PA Jin, VL Way, DA Potter, KN Gill, RA Jackson, RB Polley, HW AF Fay, Philip A. Jin, Virginia L. Way, Danielle A. Potter, Kenneth N. Gill, Richard A. Jackson, Robert B. Polley, H. Wayne TI Soil-mediated effects of subambient to increased carbon dioxide on grassland productivity SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CO2; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; C-4 GRASSES; WATER AVAILABILITY; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; GAS-EXCHANGE; RESPONSES; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Grasslands are structured by climate and soils(1,2), and are increasingly affected by anthropogenic changes, including rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations(3,4). CO2 enrichment can alter grassland ecosystem function both directly and through indirect, soil-specific effects on moisture, nitrogen availability and plant species composition(5-8), potentially leading to threshold change in ecosystem properties(9). Here we show that the increase in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) with CO2 enrichment depends strongly on soil type. We found that the ANPP-CO2 response of grassland was 2.5 x greater on two soils with higher plant-available soil moisture and where direct CO2 effects on ANPP were accompanied by indirect CO2 effects on ANPP mediated through an increase in soil moisture or increased dominance of a productive C-4 grass. Indirect CO2 effects on ANPP were absent on a third soil that was less responsive to CO2 (1.6x). Unexpectedly(6,10), soil N availability changed little with CO2 and did not seem to drive responses in ANPP. On the more responsive soils, the more productive grass C-4 was favoured with CO2 enrichment because of greater photosynthetic efficiency. Our results enhance present models of the controls on ecosystem responses to CO2 (refs 7,8,11) and demonstrate mechanisms by which soils could cause spatial variation in CO2 effects on ANPP and other ecosystem attributes. C1 [Fay, Philip A.; Potter, Kenneth N.; Polley, H. Wayne] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Jin, Virginia L.] ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Way, Danielle A.; Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Way, Danielle A.; Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Gill, Richard A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Fay, PA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM philip.fay@ars.usda.gov OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 FU USDA; US Department of Energy FX Financial support was provided by USDA and the US Department of Energy. Data reported here are available by contacting the first author. We thank A. Gibson, A. Griffith, K. Jones, C. Kolodziejczyk, A. Naranjo and K. Tiner for technical support, J. Morgan and B. Kimball for discussion. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 2 IS 10 BP 742 EP 746 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1573 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024IY UT WOS:000310104100012 ER PT J AU Baker, GT Hight, SD Brown, RL AF Baker, Gerald T. Hight, Stephen D. Brown, Richard L. TI EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE EGG OF THE NATIVE (MELITARA PRODENIALIS) AND EXOTIC (CACTOBLASTIS CACTORUM) CACTUS MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE chorionic sculpturing; micropylar region; SEM ID UNITED-STATES; BIOSYSTEMATICS; NOCTUIDAE; TINEIDAE AB Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the chorionic surface of two pyralids that feed on Opuntia cactus. The chorionic surface of Cactoblastis cactorum has a reticulate pattern due to the ridges on the surface and aeropyles. The chorionic surface has a granular appearance at low magnifications and rugose at high ones. The micropylar area has a central depression with the micropyles and is surrounded by irregularly shaped polygonal cells. The tertiary cells have aeropyles associated with the cells, and these aeropyles have mesh-like extensions that cover their openings. The general appearance of the chorionic surface of Melitara prodenialis is similar to C. cactorum, but the micropylar region differs in that primary cells surrounding the micropylar depression are looping cells of varying sizes. Also, no aeropyles are associated with the looping cells around the micropylar region. C1 [Baker, Gerald T.; Brown, Richard L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept BCH EPP, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hight, Stephen D.] FAMU, USDA ARS CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Baker, GT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept BCH EPP, Box 9775, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM gbaker@entomology.msstate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Discipline FX We thank Travis Marsico and Christopher Brooks for allowing use of their photographs of the egg sticks of Cactoblastis cactorum and Melitara prodenialis, respectively, and Richard Kuklinski of I2AT for his technical assistance. This research was supported by a contract from the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Discipline to the Geosystems Research Institute at Mississippi State University. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 114 IS 4 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.114.4.433 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024OA UT WOS:000310117300001 ER PT J AU Lewis, TM Horton, DR AF Lewis, Tamera M. Horton, David R. TI A NEW SPECIES OF ANTHOCORIS (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE genitalia; membrane inicrosculpture; forewing venation ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB Anthocoris aquilivenis Lewis, n. sp. is described from the mountainous areas of western North America. It is compared with the Nearctic species Anthocoris tomentosus Pericart and Anthocoris antevolens White, and with Anthocoris sibiricus Reuter, a related Palearctic species. Illustrations are provided of the adult habitus, external morphological features, paramere, copulatory tube, and forewing venation for A. aquilivenis, and membrane microsculpture and genitalic outlines for A. aquilivenis, A. tomentosus, and A. sibiricus. C1 [Lewis, Tamera M.; Horton, David R.] USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Lewis, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Tamera.Lewis@ars.usda.gov; David.Horton@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 114 IS 4 BP 476 EP 491 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.114.4.476 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024OA UT WOS:000310117300005 ER PT J AU Prena, J Hammon, RW AF Prena, Jens Hammon, Robert W. TI Hesperobaris suavis Casey (Curculionidae) is a potential pest of cultivated Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Prena, Jens] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hammon, Robert W.] Tri River Area Extens, Grand Junction, CO 81502 USA. RP Prena, J (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jens.prena@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 114 IS 4 BP 513 EP 515 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024OA UT WOS:000310117300008 ER PT J AU Abit, MJM Rainbolt, CM Krutz, LJ Shaner, DL Hanson, BD AF Abit, Mary Joy M. Rainbolt, Christine M. Krutz, L. Jason Shaner, Dale L. Hanson, Bradley D. TI Effects of Long-Term Use on Simazine Dissipation in Central California Vineyards SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Enhanced degradation; atrazine; s-triazine herbicides; herbicide use history ID ENHANCED ATRAZINE DEGRADATION; HERBICIDE PERSISTENCE; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; FIELD CONDITIONS; DIFFERENT SITES; WEED-CONTROL; SOIL; BIODEGRADATION; SIMULATION; RESIDUES AB Simazine is an important management tool for weed control in vineyards because of its relatively low price, reliable control of several problem weeds, and long residual activity. After repeated and extensive use of simazine, several growers in the Central Valley of California expressed concerns about reduced, residual weed control with this herbicide. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the rate of simazine dissipation in soils with differing simazine-use histories and to determine whether residual weed control differed among sites. Two raisin vineyards were used in all studies, one with extensive simazine-use history (adapted) and one with no recent simazine-use history (nonadapted). Results indicated that simazine dissipation from biotic processes was fourfold greater in soil with a long simazine-use history relative to soil with no recent simazine applications. In the field, simazine persisted longer at the nonadapted site, and weed-control duration was affected by dissipation rate. Central Valley vineyard soils that have had repeated simazine applications can develop enhanced, microbial degradation, and reduced, residual weed control is possible; however, weed control is also affected by environmental conditions and other crop management practices. C1 [Abit, Mary Joy M.; Hanson, Bradley D.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rainbolt, Christine M.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Krutz, L. Jason] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Shaner, Dale L.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hanson, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bhanson@ucdavis.edu OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 FU California Citrus Research Board FX This research was partially supported by a grant from the California Citrus Research Board. The technical support of Stella Zambrzuski, Ashley Torres, Rolando Mejorado, and other USDA-ARS research staff is acknowledged and appreciated. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1614/WS-D-11-00123.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 025HE UT WOS:000310178400002 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Pataky, JK AF Williams, Martin M., II Pataky, Jerald K. TI Maize Dwarf Mosaic Can Reduce Weed Suppressive Ability of Sweet Corn SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Competition; disease susceptibility; germination; maternal environment; weed suppressive ability ID MILLET PANICUM-MILIACEUM; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; VIRUS; WILD; INOCULATION; RESISTANCE; HYBRIDS; SIZE AB Maize dwarf mosaic (MDM) stunts corn growth, delays development, and is the most prevalent viral disease of sweet corn grown in many regions of North America and Europe. Although some weeds escape control in most sweet corn fields, the extent to which MDM influences the weed suppressive ability of the crop is unknown. Field studies were conducted over a 3-yr period to characterize the influence of variable MDM incidence in sweet corn on growth, fecundity, and germinability of wild-proso millet, a common weed in the crop. Treatments included five levels of MDM incidence (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of plants infected) in two MDM-susceptible hybrids differing in weed suppressive ability. Previous research showed that hybrid 'Legacy' had greater weed suppressive ability than 'Sugar Buns'. Wild-proso millet biomass and fecundity depended largely on the hybrid in which the weed was growing. Wild-proso millet growing in Sugar Buns weighed 45 to 117% more than wild-proso millet in Legacy. Incidence of MDM in sweet corn affected wild-proso millet biomass and fecundity, but only under high weed population densities. When wild-proso millet was observed at 122 plants m(-2), weed biomass increased 9 g m(-2) for each additional 10% incidence of MDM of sweet corn. Weed suppressive ability of the competitive and less competitive hybrids were influenced to the same extent by MDM. Coupled with a lack of resistance to MDM in two-thirds of commercial sweet corn hybrids, the disease could be an additional factor perpetuating weed growth and fecundity in sweet corn, particularly in fields with high population densities of wild-proso millet. C1 [Williams, Martin M., II] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pataky, Jerald K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@illinois.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 577 EP 582 DI 10.1614/WS-D-12-00002.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 025HE UT WOS:000310178400009 ER PT J AU Riar, MK Webster, TM Brecke, BJ Jordan, DL Burton, MG Telenko, DP Rufty, TW AF Riar, Mandeep K. Webster, Theodore M. Brecke, Barry J. Jordan, David L. Burton, Michael G. Telenko, Darcy P. Rufty, Thomas W. TI Benghal Dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) Seed Viability in Soil SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Federal noxious weed; invasive species; seed burial; soil seedbank; tropical spiderwort ID WEED SEEDS; UNITED-STATES; UNDISTURBED SOIL; CRITICAL PERIOD; DORMANCY; GERMINATION; EMERGENCE; LONGEVITY; BURIAL; COTTON AB Benghal dayflower is an exotic weed species in the United States that is a challenge to manage in agricultural fields. Research was conducted in North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida to evaluate the longevity of buried Benghal dayflower seeds. Seeds were buried in the field for 2 to 60 mo at a depth of 20 cm in mesh bags containing soil native to each area. In North Carolina, decline of Benghal dayflower seed viability was described by a sigmoidal regression model, with seed size having no effect on viability. Seed viability at the initiation of the study was 81%. After burial, viability declined to 51% after 24 mo, 27% after 36 mo, and < 1% after 42 mo. In Georgia, initial seed viability averaged 86% and declined to 63 and 33% at 12 and 24 mo, respectively. Burial of 36 mo or longer reduced seed viability to < 2%. The relationship between Benghal dayflower seed viability and burial time was described by a sigmoidal regression model. In Florida, there was greater variability in Benghal dayflower seed viability than there was at the other locations. Seed viability at the first sampling date after 2 mo of burial was 63%. Although there were fluctuations during the first 24 mo, the regression model indicated approximately 60% of seed remained viable. After 34 mo of burial, seed viability was reduced to 46% and then rapidly fell to 7% at 39 mo, which was consistent with the decrease in seed viability at the other locations. Although there is a physical dormancy imposed by the seed coat of Benghal dayflower, which has been detected in previous studies, it appears that a decline in buried seed viability to minimal levels occurs within 39 to 48 mo in the southeastern United States, suggesting that management programs must prevent seed production for at least four growing seasons to severely reduce the Benghal dayflower soil seedbank. C1 [Webster, Theodore M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Riar, Mandeep K.; Jordan, David L.; Rufty, Thomas W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brecke, Barry J.; Telenko, Darcy P.] Univ Florida, W Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Jay, FL 32565 USA. [Burton, Michael G.] Missouri State Univ, William H Darr Sch Agr, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. RP Webster, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM ted.webster@ars.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 FU USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-National Research Initiative [2008-35320-18689]; Cotton Incorporated FX These studies were supported through grants from USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-National Research Initiative Grant 2008-35320-18689, and Cotton Incorporated. Appreciation is also expressed to Steve Hoyle and Thomas E. Sklany for technical assistance. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 589 EP 592 DI 10.1614/WS-D-12-00047.1 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 025HE UT WOS:000310178400011 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL Bingham, BS Davies, KW AF Sheley, Roger L. Bingham, Brett S. Davies, Kirk W. TI Rehabilitating Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) Infested Rangeland Using a Single-Entry Approach SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Taeniatherum caput-medusae; single-entry; revegetation; annual grasses; invasive plants ID KNAPWEED ACROPTILON-REPENS; EXOTIC ANNUAL GRASS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; INVASIVE PLANTS; REVEGETATION; VEGETATION; HERBICIDES; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE AB The need for practical revegetation strategies for managing medusahead-infested rangeland is substantial and unmet. Our objective was to test the potential for using the single-entry approach (simultaneous application of herbicide and seed with one entry) developed for other invasive-weed infested systems for revegetating medusahead-infested rangeland. Since areas infested with medusahead are frequently burned and burning may help control medusahead and provide a more suitable seedbed for desired species, we also tested the single-entry approach in conjunction with burning. Our primary hypotheses were that (1) the combination of imazapic and seeding would provide best establishment of desired species and (2) burning would enhance the efficacy of imazapic on medusahead and enhance seedling establishment. Treatments included three seeding rates (none, 13.2, or 25.0 kg ha(-1) of an even mixture of all species), two herbicides (0 and 52 g a.i. ha(-1) imazapic; with and without), and two burning regimes (burned, not burned) applied mid-October 2006 on two sites. In late July, 2008 through 2010, plant density and biomass were sampled. We found that the simultaneous application of imazapic and seeding resulted in establishment of desired species where they were absent. Imazapic application without seeding increased perennial bunchgrass density where enough residual plants existed before treatment. Burning tended to improve the control of medusahead with imazapic and promoted desired species. Even though follow-up treatments may be necessary, applying imazapic and seeding in a single-entry approach may provide a more practical initial revegetation strategy than multi-entry approaches on rangeland devoid of desired residual species. This procedure should reduce the costs of treatment application and make revegetating annual grass-infested rangeland more affordable. C1 [Sheley, Roger L.; Bingham, Brett S.; Davies, Kirk W.] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM roger.sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 29 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 612 EP 617 DI 10.1614/WS-D-12-00017.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 025HE UT WOS:000310178400015 ER PT J AU Nord, EA Ryan, MR Curran, WS Mortensen, DA Mirsky, SB AF Nord, Eric A. Ryan, Matthew R. Curran, William S. Mortensen, David A. Mirsky, Steven B. TI Effects of Management Type and Timing on Weed Suppression in Soybean No-Till Planted into Rolled-Crimped Cereal Rye SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cover crops; cereal rye; soybean; organic rotational no-till; emergence periodicity ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; COVER-CROP; CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; EMERGENCE PERIODICITY; SYSTEMS; DISTURBANCE; DENSITY; PATTERN; RESIDUE; ISSUES AB Knowledge of weed emergence periodicity can inform the timing and choice of weed management tactics. We tested the effects of weed management system (conventional [CNV] and herbicide-free [HF]), timing of rye sowing (two dates), timing of soybean planting (5 planting dates, 3 in each system), and supplemental control (with and without) on weed suppression and weed community composition in soybean no-till planted into a cereal rye cover crop. Cereal rye was terminated with a roller-crimper and herbicide (CNV) or with a roller-crimper alone (HF), and supplemental weed control was achieved with a postemergence glyphosate application (CNV) or with interrow high-residue cultivation (HF). Supplemental control with glyphosate in CNV was more effective than high-residue cultivation in HF. When soybean was planted on the same date, CNV resulted in less weed biomass and a more even community composition, whereas HF resulted in greater weed biomass, dominated by common ragweed. When we controlled for cereal rye biomass and compared the effects of cereal rye sowing and termination timing within each system, earlier management reduced weed biomass in HF, but tended to increase weed biomass in CNV. Our results suggest the ability to control emerged weeds prior to soybean planting is an important factor that influences the optimal cereal rye cover crop management timing for weed suppression. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nord, EA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, 222 Tyson Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ericnord@psu.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; USDA Northeastern Regional Integrated Pest Management competitive grants program FX The authors acknowledge Dave Sandy, Steve Kinneer, Dwight Lingenfelter, Ryan Bates, Ashlin Mikolich, and Renae Depierre for their assistance with field and laboratory work and Scott Harkcom and his staff at the Penn State Agronomy Farm for all their assistance with field operations. The authors also acknowledge the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service and the USDA Northeastern Regional Integrated Pest Management competitive grants program for partial financial support of this research. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 43 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 624 EP 633 DI 10.1614/WS-D-12-00024.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 025HE UT WOS:000310178400017 ER PT J AU Zaia, FC Gama-Rodrigues, AC Gama-Rodrigues, EF Moco, MKS Fontes, AG Machado, RCR Baligar, VC AF Zaia, F. C. Gama-Rodrigues, A. C. Gama-Rodrigues, E. F. Moco, M. K. S. Fontes, A. G. Machado, R. C. R. Baligar, V. C. TI Carbon, nitrogen, organic phosphorus, microbial biomass and N mineralization in soils under cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia, Brazil SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Cacao cabruca; Erythrina spp.; Bowman extraction method; Labile P fraction ID DE-JANEIRO STATE; COSTA-RICA; DYNAMICS; FOREST; LITTER; TRANSFORMATIONS; AVAILABILITY; PLANTATIONS; CULTIVATION; EXTRACTION AB Large amounts of plant litter deposited in cacao agroforestry systems play a key role in nutrient cycling. Organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and microbial biomass were investigated in cacao agroforestry systems on Latosols and Cambisols in Bahia, Brazil. The objective of this study was to characterize the microbial C and N, mineralizable N and organic P in two soil orders under three types of cacao agroforestry systems and an adjacent natural forest in Bahia, Brazil and also to evaluate the relationship between P fractions, microbial biomass and mineralized N with other soil attributes. Overall, the average stocks of organic C, total N and total organic P across all systems for 0-50 cm soil depth were 89,072, 8,838 and 790 kg ha(-1), respectively. At this soil depth the average stock of labile organic P was 55.5 kg ha(-1). For 0-10 cm soil depth, there were large amounts of microbial biomass C (mean of 286 kg ha(-1)), microbial biomass N (mean of 168 kg ha(-1)) and mineralizable N (mean of 79 kg ha(-1)). Organic P (total and labile) was negatively related to organic C, reflecting that the dynamics of organic P in these cacao agroforestry systems are not directly associated with organic C dynamics in soils, in contrast to the dynamics of N. Furthermore, the amounts of soil microbial biomass, mineralizable N, and organic P could be relevant for cacao nutrition, considering the low amount of N and P exported in cacao seeds. C1 [Zaia, F. C.; Gama-Rodrigues, A. C.; Gama-Rodrigues, E. F.; Moco, M. K. S.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Soil Lab, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. [Fontes, A. G.] Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Espirito Santos State, BR-29709910 Colatina, ES, Brazil. [Machado, R. C. R.] MARS Ctr Cocoa Sci, BR-45630000 Itajuipe, BA, Brazil. [Baligar, V. C.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gama-Rodrigues, AC (reprint author), Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Soil Lab, Av Alberto Lamego 2000, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. EM tonygama@uenf.br NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 77 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 86 IS 2 SI SI BP 197 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s10457-012-9550-4 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 018OH UT WOS:000309670200008 ER PT J AU Susaeta, A Lal, P Alavalapati, J Mercer, E Carter, D AF Susaeta, Andres Lal, Pankaj Alavalapati, Janaki Mercer, Evan Carter, Douglas TI Economics of intercropping loblolly pine and switchgrass for bioenergy markets in the southeastern United States SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Switchgrass; Loblolly pine; Alley cropping; Land expectation value ID WEED-CONTROL; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; FERTILIZATION; BIOFUELS; NITROGEN; ALLEY; USA; MANAGEMENT; FEEDSTOCK AB The main objective of this study was to assess the economics of alley cropping of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the southern United States. Assuming a price range of switchgrass between $15 and $50 Mg-1 and yield of 12 Mg ha(-1) year(-1), we investigated the effect of switchgrass production on the optimal forest management for loblolly pine stands under different stumpage prices. We considered the following potential scenarios: no competition between species for resources; reduced loblolly pine productivity due to competition with switchgrass; and reduced productivity of both species due to competition for nutrients, water and light. Findings also suggested that the optimal system would depend on the competitive interactions between switchgrass and loblolly pine crops, and the expected prices for each crop. Loblolly pine monoculture would be the most profitable option for landowners compared to intercropping systems with switchgrass below $30 Mg-1. However, when switchgrass prices are a parts per thousand yen$30 Mg-1, landowners would be financially better off adopting intercropping if competitive interaction between crops were minimal. In order to realize higher economic returns for intercropping system, forest landowners must make some efforts in order to diminish the decline of productivity. C1 [Susaeta, Andres; Carter, Douglas] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lal, Pankaj] Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Alavalapati, Janaki] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Mercer, Evan] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Susaeta, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 315 Newins Ziegler Hall,POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM asusaeta@ufl.edu; lalp@mail.montclair.edu; jrra@vt.edu; emercer@fs.fed.us; drcart@ufl.edu NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 86 IS 2 SI SI BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s10457-011-9475-3 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 018OH UT WOS:000309670200015 ER PT J AU Hausman, GJ Barb, CR Lents, CA AF Hausman, Gary J. Barb, C. Richard Lents, Clay A. TI Leptin and reproductive function SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Review DE Reproduction; Adipose tissue; Leptin; Kisspeptin; Luteinizing hormone; Ovary ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PIG ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HYPOTHALAMIC KISS-1 SYSTEM; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y RELEASE; BOVINE CORPUS-LUTEUM; NORMAL FEMALE MICE; GENE-EXPRESSION; FOOD-INTAKE AB Adipose tissue plays a dynamic role in whole-body energy homeostasis by acting as an endocrine organ. Collective evidence indicates a strong link between neural influences and adipocyte expression and secretion of leptin. Developmental changes in these relationships are considered important for pubertal transition in reproductive function. Leptin augments secretion of gonadotropin hormones, which are essential for initiation and maintenance of normal reproductive function, by acting centrally at the hypothalamus to regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal activity and secretion. The effects of leptin on GnRH are mediated through interneuronal pathways involving neuropeptide-Y, proopiomelanocortin and kisspeptin. Increased infertility associated with diet induced obesity or central leptin resistance are likely mediated through the kisspeptin-GnRH pathway. Furthermore, Leptin regulates reproductive function by altering the sensitivity of the pituitary gland to GnRH and acting at the ovary to regulate follicular and luteal steroidogenesis. Thus leptin serves as a putative signal that links metabolic status with the reproductive axis. The intent of this review is to examine the biological role of leptin with energy metabolism, and reproduction. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Hausman, Gary J.; Barb, C. Richard] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, RRC, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Lents, Clay A.] ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, RRC, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ghausman@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 119 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD OCT PY 2012 VL 94 IS 10 BP 2075 EP 2081 DI 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.02.022 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 017EJ UT WOS:000309572600004 PM 22980196 ER PT J AU Shelton, AM Naranjo, SE Romeis, J Hellmich, RL AF Shelton, Anthony M. Naranjo, Steven E. Romeis, Joerg Hellmich, Richard L. TI Errors in Logic and Statistics Plague a Meta-Analysis (response to Andow and Lovei 2012) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID TRANSGENIC INSECTICIDAL CROPS; ET-AL. 2009; NATURAL ENEMIES; TOXINS C1 [Shelton, Anthony M.] Cornell Univ, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 11456 USA. [Naranjo, Steven E.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Romeis, Joerg] ART, Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit,Genet Lab Inse, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shelton, AM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, NYSAES, 630 W N St, Geneva, NY 11456 USA. RI Romeis, Joerg/J-5360-2013 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1049 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 019MA UT WOS:000309742600002 PM 23068159 ER PT J AU Siegert, NW Mccullough, DG Wheeler, MM Hajek, AE AF Siegert, Nathan W. Mccullough, Deborah G. Wheeler, Micheal M. Hajek, Ann E. TI Evaluation of Potential Versus Realized Primary Infection of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) by Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entomopathogen; Entomophaga maimaiga; fungal epizootic; gypsy moth; soil pH ID FUNGAL PATHOGEN; RESTING SPORES; LEADING-EDGE; DISPAR; POPULATIONS; HOST; SOIL; AZYGOSPORES; PERSISTENCE; EPIZOOTICS AB The fungal entomopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga has provided important biological control of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), since the first epizootics occurred in the northeastern United States in 1989. Epizootics are initiated by germination of soil-borne resting spores, which are highly sensitive to spring temperature and moisture. We compared gypsy moth infection by E. maimaiga in 33 oak stands in Michigan with infection under optimal laboratory conditions from 1999 to 2001 to assess differences between potential and realized efficacy of E. maimaiga. Field bioassays were conducted by exposing laboratory-reared, fourth-instar gypsy moth to soil at the base of oak trees for 4 d. Additional larvae were similarly exposed to soil collected from the field plots in laboratory bioassays with temperature, humidity, and moisture levels optimal for fungal germination. Overall E. maimaiga infection ranged from means of 3.2D29.8% in the field compared with 20.9-59.7% in the laboratory during three field seasons. Resting spore density in soil and gypsy moth egg mass density were significant predictors of field infections in two of the 3 yr, whereas resting spore density was a significant predictor of laboratory infections each year. Other variables that significantly predicted laboratory infections in one of the 3 yr included egg mass density, canopy cover, and soil pH. In laboratory bioassays, soil pH and E. maimaiga resting spore density were positively associated with increasing E. maimaiga infection rates of gypsy moth larvae. C1 [Siegert, Nathan W.] US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Siegert, Nathan W.; Mccullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mccullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wheeler, Micheal M.; Hajek, Ann E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Siegert, NW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM nwsiegert@fs.fed.us FU Special Technology Development Program, State and Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service; Michigan Department of Agriculture; Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station [MICL01700] FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Deborah Grooms, William Kauffman, and associates at the USDA-APHIS-PPQ Biological Control Laboratory, formerly of Niles, MI, all of whom were of inestimable value during this project. We also thank Matt Davenport, Melanie DePoy, Tom Ellis, Rachael Harris, Anne Henderson, and Abigail Sommers, all of Michigan State University (MSU), for their assistance with numerous tasks. In addition, we thank Lyle Buss, of the University of Florida, and Bob Heyd, Roger Mech, and Frank Sapio, all of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, for their assistance in locating the field sites with E. maimaiga in Michigan. We acknowledge Therese M. Poland, David E. Rothstein, and Suzanne M. Thiem, all of MSU, for their helpful comments during preparation of this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Special Technology Development Program, State and Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service, and the Michigan Department of Agriculture. This study was supported in part by Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Project No. MICL01700. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 20 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1115 EP 1124 DI 10.1603/EN12137 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 019MA UT WOS:000309742600010 PM 23068167 ER PT J AU Goyal, G Nuessly, GS Seal, DR Steck, GJ Capinera, JL Meagher, RL AF Goyal, Gaurav Nuessly, Gregg S. Seal, Dakshina R. Steck, Gary J. Capinera, John L. Meagher, Robert L. TI Examination of the Pest Status of Corn-Infesting Ulidiidae (Diptera) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; fall armyworm; maize; sweet corn ID EUXESTA-STIGMATIAS DIPTERA; CHAETOPSIS-MASSYLA DIPTERA; IMMATURE STAGES; SWEET CORN; OTITIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; INSECTS AB Larvae of 11 species of picture-winged flies (Diptera: Ulididae) are known to feed on corn plants (Zea mays L.) in the western hemisphere. Larvae emerge from eggs deposited in leaf axils and corn silk to feed mostly within ears, but the primary versus secondary nature (i.e., pest status) of their infestation is not known for all of these species. Choice and no-choice tests by using a split-plot design were conducted in greenhouse and field trials to determine the pest status on sweet corn of three of these species found in Florida: Chaetopsis massyla (Walker), Euxesta eluta Loew, and E. stigmatias Loew. The main treatments (uninfested ears and ears experimentally infested with either Spodoptera frugiperda [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae] or E. eluta larvae) were applied at first silk. The subtreatments (C. massyla, E. eluta, or E. stigmatias adults caged on ears) were applied 7 d later and maintained for 10 d. All three fly species were reared from uninfested and experimentally infested ears in both choice and no-choice tests in greenhouse and field trials confirming both primary and secondary modes of ear infestation. More flies of all three species emerged from ears that were preinfested with S. frugiperda compared with uninfested ears suggesting either preference for or greater survival within ears previously infested by S. frugiperda. Fewer E. eluta and E. stigmatias emerged from ears preinfested with E. eluta in no-choice field tests, suggesting that previous infestation by this fly may negatively affect oviposition or that older fly larvae affect survival of neonate larvae. All three species studied here should be considered primary pests that can render unprotected sweet corn ears unmarketable. C1 [Goyal, Gaurav; Nuessly, Gregg S.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Seal, Dakshina R.] Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Steck, Gary J.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Capinera, John L.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Meagher, Robert L.] ARS, USDA, Insect Behav & Biocontrol Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Nuessly, GS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, 3200 E Palm Beach Rd, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM gnuessly@ulf.edu FU Dolly and Homer Hand Group; Miami-Dade County Agri-Council FX We thank I. Alanzo, H.K. Gill, M. Gonzalez, N. Larsen, F. Sosa, and J. Terry for assistance with field studies and fly colony maintenance. This research was made possible by a Hand Fellowship from the Dolly and Homer Hand Group, and a Warren Wood Scholarship from the Miami-Dade County Agri-Council. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1131 EP 1138 DI 10.1603/EN11265 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 019MA UT WOS:000309742600012 PM 23068169 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, VY AF Yokoyama, Victoria Y. TI Mobility of Olive Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Late Third Instars and Teneral Adults in Test Arenas SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera oleae; fruit fly dispersal; mature larvae; teneral adult; cultural control ID OLEAE GMELIN DIPTERA; DACUS-OLEAE; ABIOTIC FACTORS; FLIGHT; FLIES; SOIL; WILD; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; INSECTS AB Themobility of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), late third instars before pupation, teneral adults before flight, and mature adults restricted from flight were studied under mulches in greenhouse cage tests, in horizontal pipes, vertical bottles and pipes filled with sand, and by observation on smooth laboratory surfaces. Percentage adults emerging from pupae and percentage adult females that escaped soil, fabric, and paper mulches over a soil or sand substrate ranged from 63 to 83, and 40-53%, respectively. Percentage adults emerging from pupae and percentage adult females that walked through the open interior of 1.52-6.10-m horizontal pipes of 1.5-2.0-cm inner diameter ranged from 57 to 81, and 27-61%, respectively. Percentage adults emerging from pupae that escaped through sand depths of 2.5-10.2, and 12.7-20.3 cm, ranged from 68 to 87, and 12-88%; and percentage adult females that escaped ranged from 46 to 58, and 38-70%, respectively. In 15.4-cm-inner-diameter pipes filled with different heights of sand, the highest percentage of the total number of adults that emerged in the control were found from 0 to 20.3 cm, and ranged from 37 to 71%. Ten to 47% of adults were found from 20.3 cm to below the surface, and 6-21% escaped to the top of 20.3-50.8 cm high sand columns. In column heights of 55.9 and 61 cm, pressures at the bottom caused by the weight of the sand above were 91.4 and 99.7 g/cm(2), respectively, and a mean of <1 adult escaped to the top. Before pupation, the late third instars were found to travel continuously for 6.9 h over 23.9 m at a speed of 6.0 cm per min, when placed on a smooth surface, at 22.2 degrees C. Teneral females and males that could not fly, made approximate to 7 stops totaling 11-13 min, walked at a speed of 57-62 cm per min, and began a rest period of 83-84 min duration, at 85-89 min before flight. Males walked a distance of 13.1 m in 22 min, which was greater than females that walked for 9.6 m in 17 min, at 20-22 degrees C and 35% RH. The mobility of the third instars and the teneral adults is discussed in relation to potential control techniques in olive orchards. C1 ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Yokoyama, VY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM vyokoyama@fresno.ars.usda.gov FU California Olive Committee, Fresno, CA FX The author is grateful to Gina T. Miller for help in conducting the research and to Gail E. Sergent, Tim De Silva, Julie A. Gagnon, and Sean K. Pelham, USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA; to Hana A. Yokoyama-Hatch, University of California, Davis, for assistance with this project; and to Peter A. Follett, USDA, ARS, PBARC, Hilo, HI for reviewing the manuscript. This research was funded in part by the California Olive Committee, Fresno, CA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1177 EP 1183 DI 10.1603/EN11334 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 019MA UT WOS:000309742600018 PM 23068175 ER PT J AU Amarasekare, KG Mannion, CM Epsky, ND AF Amarasekare, Kaushalya G. Mannion, Catharine M. Epsky, Nancy D. TI Developmental Time, Longevity, and Lifetime Fertility of Three Introduced Parasitoids of the Mealybug Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; parasitoids; mealybug; parasitism ID DE-WILLINK HEMIPTERA; MATING FREQUENCY; PAPAYA MEALYBUG; HYMENOPTERA; ENCYRTIDAE; FECUNDITY; SURVIVAL AB Developmental time, longevity, and lifetime fertility of three previously introduced parasitoids (Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff, Anagyrus loecki Noyes and Menezes, and Pseudleptomastix mexicana Noyes and Schauff) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) of the mealybug Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) were studied in the laboratory to understand the outcome of their recovery in field studies conducted in the United States. The developmental time of both male and female A. papayae and A. loecki was shorter than the developmental time of male and female P. mexicana. Male parasitoids of all three species had a shorter developmental time than their females. All parasitoids had a shorter developmental time in adult-female mealybugs than in second instars. Mating status (unmated and mated) had no effect on the male longevity. Unmated and mated females that were not allowed to oviposit had similar longevity and lived longer than those that were allowed to oviposit. Virgin females produced male only progeny with higher number of males from A. loecki or P. mexicana than from A. papayae. The number of females and the cumulative progeny was smaller for A. papayae than for A. loecki or P. mexicana. The progeny sex ratio (proportion of females) was not different among the parasitoids. A. papayae had the shortest reproductive period followed by A. loecki and P. mexicana, respectively. This information is important in evaluating the efficiency, recovery and establishment of A. papayae, A. loecki, and P. mexicana. C1 [Amarasekare, Kaushalya G.; Mannion, Catharine M.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Epsky, Nancy D.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Amarasekare, KG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 3005 Expt Stn Dr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. EM kaushalya2641@yahoo.com FU USDA-ARS FX This study was conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for a Ph.D. at the University of Florida, by K.G. Amarasekare. We thank R. McSorley and L. Osborne of the University of Florida for reviewing an early draft of this paper; M. Brennan, IFAS Statistics, University of Florida, for her help with statistical analyses; D.M. Amalin of the University of Florida for providing the mealybug and parasitoidinformation; M. Gates (Encyrtidae) and G. Evans (Pseudococcidae) of Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS for insect identification; A. Roda of USDA-APHIS and the Biological Control Laboratory, the Department of Agriculture, Puerto Rico for providing the initial parasitoid colonies; and the USDA-ARS for funding for this experiment. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1184 EP 1189 DI 10.1603/EN11061 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 019MA UT WOS:000309742600019 PM 23068176 ER PT J AU Xie, DS Luo, LZ Sappington, TW Jiang, XF Zhang, L AF Xie, Daosong Luo, Lizhi Sappington, Thomas W. Jiang, Xingfu Zhang, Lei TI Comparison of Reproductive and Flight Capacity of Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Developing From Diapause and Non-Diapause Larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Loxostege sticticalis; diapause; reproduction; flight ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; GOLDENROD GALL FLY; TRADE-OFF; EUROSTA-SOLIDAGINIS; POTENTIAL FECUNDITY; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; MEADOW MOTH; TEMPERATURE; NOCTUIDAE; PHOTOPERIOD AB The beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), uses both diapause and migration as life history strategies. To determine the role of diapause plays in the population dynamics of L. sticticalis, the reproductive and flight potentials of adults originating from diapause and nondiapause larvae were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. Preovi-position period, lifetime fecundity, and daily egg production of females originating from diapause larvae were not significantly different from those originating from nondiapause larvae, showing that diapause has no significant effect on reproductive capacity when adults are provided with an adequate carbohydrate source. However, females that developed from diapause larvae lived significantly longer than those from nondiapause larvae. Flight capacity, including flight duration, distance and velocity of 3-d-old adults were all significantly greater in adults originating from diapause larvae than those from nondiapause larvae. L. sticticalis adults developing from diapause larvae tended to have more extreme values of longest flight duration and furthest flight distance than those from nondiapause larvae. Together, these results suggest that long-distance flight potential of L. sticticalis is greater after larval diapause than after direct development to adulthood. However, there were no significant differences between sexes within the two categories of moths in terms of total flight duration, total flight distance, flight velocity, and longest flight duration. C1 [Xie, Daosong; Luo, Lizhi; Jiang, Xingfu; Zhang, Lei] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Xie, Daosong] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit,Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Luo, LZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM lzluo@ippcaas.cn; xfjiang@ippcaas.cn FU National 11th-Five Year Plan of Science and Technology Support Program [2005BA529A03, 2005BA529A04]; Ministry of Agriculture China; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31071641, 31000850]; National Department of Public Benefit Research Foundation [200903051, 200903079] FX We thank Shao-Zhe Huang (Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China) for kindly providing helpful suggestions on this manuscript. We also thank Yi Hu of our laboratory for essential assistance in rearing and handling the moths used in this study. This work was supported by funds from the National 11th-Five Year Plan of Science and Technology Support Program, Grant 2005BA529A03, 2005BA529A04, the financial budget project of Ministry of Agriculture China (2009), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071641, 31000850), and the National Department of Public Benefit Research Foundation (200903051, 200903079). NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1199 EP 1207 DI 10.1603/EN11068 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 019MA UT WOS:000309742600021 PM 23068178 ER PT J AU Son, Y Backus, EA Groves, RL Johnson, MW AF Son, Youngsoo Backus, Elaine A. Groves, Russell L. Johnson, Marshall W. TI Pattern of Stylet Penetration Activity by Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Adults in Relation to Environmental Temperature and Light Conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Homalodisca vitripennis; electrical penetration graph; insect feeding; ingestion; temperature ID COAGULATA SAY HEMIPTERA; GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; WAVE-FORM CHARACTERIZATION; XYLEM FEEDING LEAFHOPPER; PHONY PEACH DISEASE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HOST PLANTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; AMINO-ACIDS AB Effects of ambient spring air temperature and light intensity on stylet penetration activities of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), were studied under field conditions by using an electrical penetration graph. Electrical penetration graph waveforms representing salivary sheath formation and searching (pathway phase), xylem contact (X waves), and ingestion of xylem fluid (waveform C) were analyzed. Previous research supported the concept that acquisition of Xylella fastidiosa, the Pierce's disease bacterium, occurs during ingestion, whereas inoculation occurs during xylem contact periods (X waves). Diel patterns of H. vitripennis stylet activity showed that, regardless of light condition, xylem ingestion occurred for the longest duration when temperature remained above the feeding threshold (10 degrees C), and only occurred at temperatures below the threshold when ingestion was continued from a preceding, warmer time. Regression analysis indicated that mean waveform durations per insect (WDI) for combined stylet activities (pathway and ingestion) as well as X wave frequencies were significantly influenced by temperature, but there was no significant impact of light intensity or interaction between temperature and light intensity. The relationship between temperature and stylet activities in terms of WDI and X wave frequency was described using linear and nonlinear models. Validation of the nonlinear models indicated that they well predicted the WDIs for both ingestion and combined stylet activities, using temperature only as a single input. Overall, findings clearly demonstrate that temperature is an important factor that influences the H. vitripennis feeding behaviors responsible for transmission (acquisition and inoculation) of the Pierce's disease bacterium, with implications for vector ecology and management, as well as disease epidemiology. C1 [Son, Youngsoo; Johnson, Marshall W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Backus, Elaine A.; Groves, Russell L.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Johnson, MW (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM marshall.johnson@ucr.edu FU California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) Pierce's Disease-Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Research Program; USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement FX We thank Jose Gutierrez (USDA-ARS Parlier) for technical assistance in interpretation of the waveform data. This work was supported in part by the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) Pierce's Disease-Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Research Program and a USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement provided to Marshall W. Johnson. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 26 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1215 EP 1230 DI 10.1603/EN11319 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 019MA UT WOS:000309742600023 PM 23068180 ER PT J AU Stote, KS Clevidence, BA Novotny, JA Henderson, T Radecki, SV Baer, DJ AF Stote, K. S. Clevidence, B. A. Novotny, J. A. Henderson, T. Radecki, S. V. Baer, D. J. TI Effect of cocoa and green tea on biomarkers of glucose regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and hemostasis in obese adults at risk for insulin resistance SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cocoa; green tea; polyphenols; insulin resistance; obesity ID FLAVONOID-RICH COCOA; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; BLACK TEA; SENSITIVITY INDEXES; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DARK CHOCOLATE; SHORT-TERM AB BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Flavanols may provide protection against insulin resistance, but little is known about the amounts and types of flavanols that may be efficacious. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was designed to determine whether cocoa flavanols, over a range of intakes, improve biomarkers of glucose regulation, inflammation and hemostasis in obese adults at risk for insulin resistance. As an adjunct, green tea and cocoa flavanols were compared for their ability to modulate these biomarkers. In a randomized crossover design, 20 adults consumed a controlled diet for 5 days along with four cocoa beverages containing 30-900 mg flavanol per day, or tea matched to a cocoa beverage for monomeric flavanol content. RESULTS: Cocoa beverages produced no significant changes in glucose, insulin, total area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for glucose or total insulin AUC. As the dose of cocoa flavanols increased, total 8-isoprostane concentrations were lowered (linear contrast, P = 0.02), as were C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (linear contrast, P = 0.01). The relationship between cocoa flavanol levels and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations was quadratic, suggesting that a maximum effective dose was achieved (quadratic contrast, P = 0.01). There were no significant effects on measured indices of glucose regulation, nor on those of total 8-isoprostane, CRP and IL-6 concentrations, when cocoa and green tea were compared. However, relative to cocoa, green tea lowered fibrinogen concentrations (P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term intake of cocoa and green tea flavanols does not appear to improve glucose metabolism; they do affect selected markers of one or more measures of oxidative stress, inflammation or hemostasis in obese adults at risk for insulin resistance. C1 [Stote, K. S.; Clevidence, B. A.; Novotny, J. A.; Henderson, T.; Baer, D. J.] ARS, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Radecki, S. V.] Stat Consulting, Petoskey, MI USA. RP Stote, KS (reprint author), SUNY Empire State Coll, 113 West Ave, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. EM Kim.Stote@esc.edu FU US Department of Agriculture FX We thank Mars Incorporated for providing the cocoa treatment beverages. We also thank Dr Catherine Kwik-Uribe for providing flavanol analysis of the cocoa treatment beverages and thoughtful manuscript review. This study was supported by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 EI 1476-5640 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1153 EP 1159 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2012.101 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 018FS UT WOS:000309646100015 PM 22854880 ER PT J AU Escarcha, JF Callaway, TR Byrd, JA Miller, DN Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Escarcha, Jacquelyn F. Callaway, Todd R. Byrd, J. Allen Miller, Dan N. Edrington, Tom S. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Effects of Dietary Alfalfa Inclusion on Salmonella Typhimurium Populations in Growing Layer Chicks SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; LAYING HENS; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BROILER-CHICKENS; UNITED-STATES; NECROTIC ENTERITIS; CAMPYLOBACTER SPP.; COLONIZATION; PREVALENCE AB Reducing Salmonella in poultry has been a paramount goal of the poultry industry in order to improve food safety. Inclusion of high-fiber fermentable feedstuffs in chicken diets has been shown to reduce the incidence of Salmonella colonization in laying hens, but no work has been performed in growing birds. Therefore, the present study was designed to quantify differences in artificially inoculated cecal Salmonella Typhimurium populations in growing layer chicks (n = 60 in each of two replications) fed 0%, 25%, and 50% of their diet (w/w) replaced with alfalfa meal from day (d) 7 to d14 after hatch. Alfalfa supplementation reduced cecal populations of Salmonella by 0.95 and 1.25 log(10) colony-forming unit per gram in the 25% and 50% alfalfa groups compared to controls. Alfalfa feeding reduced (p < 0.05) the number of cecal- and crop-positive birds compared to controls. Increasing levels of alfalfa increased (p < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the proportion of acetate in the cecum. Surprisingly, alfalfa inclusion did not negatively impact average daily gain (ADG) in birds over the 7-d feeding period. Alfalfa inclusion at 50% of the diet increased (p < 0.05) the number of bacterial genera detected in the cecum compared to controls, and also altered proportions of the microbial population by reducing Ruminococcus and increasing Clostridia populations. Results support the idea that providing a fermentable substrate can increase gastrointestinal VFA production and bacterial diversity which in turn can reduce colonization by Salmonella via natural competitive barriers. However, further studies are obviously needed to more fully understand the impact of changes made in diet or management procedures on poultry production. C1 [Callaway, Todd R.; Byrd, J. Allen; Edrington, Tom S.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Escarcha, Jacquelyn F.] Montpellier SupAgro, Minist Agr, Agris Mundus Sustainable Dev Agr, Montpellier, France. [Miller, Dan N.] ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM todd.callaway@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 36 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 9 IS 10 BP 945 EP 951 DI 10.1089/fpd.2012.1251 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 018IN UT WOS:000309653700012 PM 22953742 ER PT J AU Schneider, JF Rempel, LA Rohrer, GA AF Schneider, J. F. Rempel, L. A. Rohrer, G. A. TI Genome-wide association study of swine farrowing traits. Part I: Genetic and genomic parameter estimates SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE correlation; farrowing; genetic; genomic; heritability; swine ID LARGE WHITE SOWS; LITTER SIZE; REPRODUCTION TRAITS; LANDRACE PIGS; DIFFERENT PARITIES; SERVICE SIRE; PERFORMANCE; MORTALITY; YORKSHIRE; DUROC AB The primary objective of this study was to determine genetic and genomic parameters among swine (Sus scrofa) farrowing traits. Genetic parameters were obtained using MTDFREML. Genomic parameters were obtained using GENSEL. Genetic and residual variances obtained from MTDFREML were used as priors for the Bayes C analysis of GENSEL. Farrowing traits included total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), number born dead (NBD), number stillborn (NSB), number of mummies (MUM), litter birth weight (LBW), and average piglet birth weight (ABW). Statistically significant heritabilities included TNB (0.09, P = 0.048), NBA (0.09, P = 0.041), LBW (0.20, P = 0.002), and ABW (0.26, P < 0.0001). Statistically significant genetic correlations included TNB-NBA (0.97, P < 0.0001), TNB-LBW (0.74, P < 0.0001), NBA-LBW (0.56, P < 0.0017), NSB-LBW (0.87, P < 0.0395), and LBW-ABW (0.63, P < 0.0002). Genetic parameters are similar to others found in the literature. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genomic markers (GP) generated by GENSEL was TNB (0.04), NBA (0.06), NBD (0.00), NSB (0.01), MUM (0.00), LBW (0.11), and ABW (0.31). Limited information is available in the literature about genomic parameters. Only the GP estimate for NSB is significantly lower than what has been published. The GP estimate for ABW is greater than the estimate for heritability found in this study. Other traits with significant heritability had GP estimates half the value of heritability. This research indicates that significant genetic markers will be found for TNB, NBA, LBW, and ABW that will have either immediate use in industry or provide a roadmap to further research with fine mapping or sequencing of areas of significance. Furthermore, these results indicate that genomic selection implemented at an early age would have similar annual progress as traditional selection, and could be incorporated along with traditional selection procedures to improve genetic progress of litter traits. C1 [Schneider, J. F.; Rempel, L. A.; Rohrer, G. A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Schneider, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Jim.Schneider@ARS.USDA.Gov NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 90 IS 10 BP 3353 EP 3359 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4729 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 017LF UT WOS:000309590700004 PM 22585791 ER PT J AU Schneider, JF Rempel, LA Snelling, WM Wiedmann, RT Nonneman, DJ Rohrer, GA AF Schneider, J. F. Rempel, L. A. Snelling, W. M. Wiedmann, R. T. Nonneman, D. J. Rohrer, G. A. TI Genome-wide association study of swine farrowing traits. Part II: Bayesian analysis of marker data SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bayes; farrowing; genome-wide association study; genomic; single nucleotide polymorphism; swine ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE MER3; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; LITTER SIZE; PIGS; LOCI; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; GROWTH; GENES; MICE AB Reproductive efficiency has a great impact on the economic success of pork (Sus scrofa) production. Number born alive (NBA) and average piglet birth weight (ABW) contribute greatly to reproductive efficiency. To better understand the underlying genetics of birth traits, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was undertaken. Samples of DNA were collected and tested using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip from 1,152 first parity gilts. Traits included total number born (TNB), NBA, number born dead (NBD), number stillborn (NSB), number of mummies (MUM), total litter birth weight (LBW), and ABW. A total of 41,151 SNP were tested using a Bayesian approach. Beginning with the first 5 SNP on SSC1 and ending with the last 5 SNP on the SSCX, SNP were assigned to groups of 5 consecutive SNP by chromosome-position order and analyzed again using a Bayesian approach. From that analysis, 5-SNP groups were selected having no overlap with another 5-SNP groups and no overlap across chromosomes. These selected 5-SNP non-overlapping groups were defined as QTL. Of the available 8,814 QTL, 124 were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). Multiple testing was considered using the probability of false positives. Eleven QTL were found for TNB, 3 on SSC1, 3 on SSC4, 1 on SSC13, 1 on SSC14, 2 on SSC15, and 1 on SSC17. Statistical testing for NBA identified 14 QTL, 4 on SSC1, 1 on SSC4, 1 on SSC6, 1 on SSC10, 1on SSC13, 3 on SSC15, and 3 on SSC17. A single NBD QTL was found on SSC11. No QTL were identified for NSB or MUM. Thirty-three QTL were found for LBW, 3 on SSC1, 1 on SSC2, 1 on SSC3, 5 on SSC4, 2 on SSC5, 5 on SSC6, 3 on SSC7, 2 on SSC9, 1 on SSC10, 2 on SSC14, 6 on SSC15, and 2 on SSC17. A total of 65 QTL were found for ABW, 9 on SSC1, 3 on SSC2, 9 on SSC5, 5 on SSC6, 1 on SSC7, 2 on SSC8, 2 on SSC9, 3 on SSC10, 1 on SSC11, 3 on SSC12, 2 on SSC13, 8 on SSC14, 8 on SSC15, 1 on SSC17, and 8 on SSC18. Several candidate genes have been identified that overlap QTL locations among TNB, NBA, NBD, and ABW. These QTL when combined with information on genes found in the same regions should provide useful information that could be used for marker assisted selection, marker assisted management, or genomic selection applications in commercial pig populations. C1 [Schneider, J. F.; Rempel, L. A.; Snelling, W. M.; Wiedmann, R. T.; Nonneman, D. J.; Rohrer, G. A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Schneider, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Jim.Schneider@ARS.USDA.Gov NR 51 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 90 IS 10 BP 3360 EP 3367 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4759 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 017LF UT WOS:000309590700005 PM 22585800 ER PT J AU Arias, RP Unruh-Snyder, LJ Scholljegerdes, EJ Baird, AN Johnson, KD Buckmaster, D Lemenager, RP Lake, SL AF Arias, R. P. Unruh-Snyder, L. J. Scholljegerdes, E. J. Baird, A. N. Johnson, K. D. Buckmaster, D. Lemenager, R. P. Lake, S. L. TI Effects of feeding corn modified wet distillers grain plus solubles co-ensiled with direct-cut forage on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and diet digestibility of finishing steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE co-ensiled; digestibility; distillers grains; feedlot ID BY-PRODUCTS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; BEEF-CATTLE; RUMINANTS; PASSAGE; MARKERS; PROTEIN; SORGHUM AB Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding corn modified wet distillers grain plus solubles (MWDGS) co-ensiled with direct-cut forage (DC) to beef steers, on feedlot performance and total tract digestibility. In Exp. 1, sixty-four crossbred Angus steers (n = 64; 329 +/- 43 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: 1) corn-silage and soybean meal (CON), 2) DC co-ensiled with MWDGS (CO-EN), 3) haylage mixed with MWDGS at feeding (H+WDG), and 4) haylage mixed with dry distillers grains plus solubles at feeding (H+DDG). Steers were harvested when they reached an endpoint of 1.1 cm of 12th-rib back fat. In Exp. 2, four ruminally cannulated beef steers (initial BW = 556 +/- 31 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square to evaluate digestibility of diets used in Exp. 1. Experimental periods were 14 d in length with 10 d for diet adaptation and 4 d for sample collection. Three linear orthogonal contrasts were used to compare effects of 1) CON vs. diets containing distillers grains (DGD), 2) CO-EN vs. diets where distillers grains were mixed at feeding (MIX), and 3) H+WDG vs. H+DDG. In Exp. 1, DMI was less (P < 0.001) for steers fed CON compared with those fed DGD and greatest (P < 0.001) for steers fed CO-EN compared with MIX. Corn-silage- and soybean-meal-fed steers had more days on feed than those fed DGD (P = 0.001). Body weight gain (P = 0.02) was greater for CO-EN compared with MIX. Fat thickness at the 12th and 13th ribs was greater (P = 0.03) for DGD steers compared with CON steers. Hot carcass weight was greater (P = 0.03) for steers fed CO-EN compared with those fed MIX. Steers fed CON resulted in greater marbling scores (P = 0.01) compared DGD-fed steers. Longissimus muscle area was greater (P = 0.01) for CON-fed steers compared with all other treatments. In Exp. 2, no differences (P > 0.10) in DM, OM, or N intakes were observed. Apparent total tract DM (P = 0.01) and N (P = 0.02) digestibility were greatest in steers fed CON compared with all others. Steers fed DGD had less (P = 0.02) rumen NH3 concentrations compared with CON. The CON diet resulted in greater molar concentrations of VFA (P = 0.03) and decreased acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.03) compared with all DGD. These data suggest that feeding MWDGS co-ensiled with direct-cut forage results in reduced diet digestibility but equal or greater feedlot performance and similar carcass and characteristics when compared with a corn diet supplemented with soybean meal and diets where MWDGS and DDGS were added at the mixer. C1 [Lake, S. L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Arias, R. P.; Unruh-Snyder, L. J.; Johnson, K. D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lemenager, R. P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Buckmaster, D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Baird, A. N.] Purdue Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Scholljegerdes, E. J.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Lake, SL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM scotlake@uwyo.edu FU USDA National Research Initiative; Indiana State Department of Agriculture; Purdue College of Agriculture FX This project was funded in part by the USDA National Research Initiative, the Indiana State Department of Agriculture, and the Purdue College of Agriculture. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 90 IS 10 BP 3574 EP 3583 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4502 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 017LF UT WOS:000309590700029 PM 22665664 ER PT J AU Mirando, MA Bewley, JM Blue, J Amaral-Phillips, DM Corriher, VA Whittet, KM Arthur, N Patterson, DJ AF Mirando, M. A. Bewley, J. M. Blue, J. Amaral-Phillips, D. M. Corriher, V. A. Whittet, K. M. Arthur, N. Patterson, D. J. TI EXTENSION EDUCATION SYMPOSIUM: Reinventing extension as a resource-What does the future hold? SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extension; grant funding; integration; social media; technology ID ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS; TIME ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; BEEF HEIFERS; ANIMAL REPRODUCTION; AGRICULTURE; PRIORITIES; OVULATION AB The mission of the Cooperative Extension Service, as a component of the land-grant university system, is to disseminate new knowledge and to foster its application and use. Opportunities and challenges facing animal agriculture in the United States have changed dramatically over the past few decades and require the use of new approaches and emerging technologies that are available to extension professionals. Increased federal competitive grant funding for extension, the creation of eXtension, the development of smartphone and related electronic technologies, and the rapidly increasing popularity of social media created new opportunities for extension educators to disseminate knowledge to a variety of audiences and engage these audiences in electronic discussions. Competitive grant funding opportunities for extension efforts to advance animal agriculture became available from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) and have increased dramatically in recent years. The majority of NIFA funding opportunities require extension efforts to be integrated with research, and NIFA encourages the use of eXtension and other cutting-edge approaches to extend research to traditional clientele and nontraditional audiences. A case study is presented to illustrate how research and extension were integrated to improve the adoption of AI by beef producers. Those in agriculture are increasingly resorting to the use of social media venues such as Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, and Twitter to access information required to support their enterprises. Use of these various approaches by extension educators requires appreciation of the technology and an understanding of how the target audiences access information available on social media. Technology to deliver information is changing rapidly, and Cooperative Extension Service professionals will need to continuously evaluate digital technology and social media tools to appropriately integrate them into learning and educational opportunities. C1 [Patterson, D. J.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mirando, M. A.; Whittet, K. M.] Natl Inst Food & Agr, Inst Food Prod & Sustainabil, Div Anim Syst, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Bewley, J. M.; Amaral-Phillips, D. M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Blue, J.; Arthur, N.] Truffl Media Networks, Indianapolis, IN 46254 USA. [Corriher, V. A.] Texas AgriLife Extens, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Overton, TX 75684 USA. RP Patterson, DJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM pattersond@missouri.edu NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 90 IS 10 BP 3677 EP 3692 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-5074 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 017LF UT WOS:000309590700038 PM 23038747 ER PT J AU Kane, LE Davis, JP Oakes, AJ Dean, LL Sanders, TH AF Kane, Lauren E. Davis, Jack P. Oakes, Aaron J. Dean, Lisa L. Sanders, Timothy H. TI VALUE-ADDED PROCESSING OF PEANUT MEAL: ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS TO IMPROVE FUNCTIONAL AND NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF WATER SOLUBLE EXTRACTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE; FOAMING CHARACTERISTICS; IN-VITRO; FOOD; CAPACITY; PEPTIDES; ALCALASE; SYSTEM; FLOUR AB Value-added applications are needed for peanut meal, which is the high-protein by-product of commercial peanut oil production. Peanut meal dispersions were hydrolyzed with alcalase, flavourzyme and pepsin in an effort to improve functional and nutritional properties of the resulting water soluble extracts. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) ranged from 20 to 60% for alcalase, 10 to 20% for pepsin and 10 to 70% for flavourzyme from 3 to 240 min. Low molecular weight peptides (<14 kDa) and unique banding patterns reflected the different proteolytic activities of each enzyme as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Total soluble solids and soluble nitrogen increased a minimum of 30 and 110%, respectively, for all hydrolysates after 4-h hydrolysis. Differences in air/water adsorption responses of hydrolysates were a function of protease specificity. Antioxidant capacities of all hydrolysates were greater than unhydrolyzed controls and correlated linearly (R2 = 0.87) with DH, whereas antioxidant capacities of hydrolysates were minimally dependent on bicinchoninic acid protein solubility or relative amino acid distribution. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Peanut meal is the high-protein by-product of commercial peanut oil production. While an excellent source of protein, aflatoxin contamination currently limits applications of peanut meal to feed markets. Recently described efforts to sequester aflatoxin from peanut meal during processing have proven successful, potentially allowing for processing of this material into value-added components including aflatoxin-free protein/peptide concentrates. Accordingly, the current manuscript focuses on the potential for enzymatic hydrolysis (three different proteases are compared) to improve functional and nutritional properties of peanut meal during processing. Enzymatic hydrolysis substantially increases solubility and antioxidant capacities of peanut meal hydrolysates. A potential mechanism for increased antioxidant capacity with increasing hydrolysis is discussed. These and other chemical/functional data within the manuscript directly apply to strategies for value-added processing of peanut meal. C1 [Kane, Lauren E.; Davis, Jack P.; Oakes, Aaron J.; Dean, Lisa L.; Sanders, Timothy H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Davis, Jack P.; Dean, Lisa L.; Sanders, Timothy H.] ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Davis, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jack.davis@ars.usda.gov RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0145-8884 EI 1745-4514 J9 J FOOD BIOCHEM JI J. Food Biochem. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 36 IS 5 BP 520 EP 531 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00566.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA 018QR UT WOS:000309677400002 ER PT J AU Post, RC Haven, J Chang, S Bard, S AF Post, Robert C. Haven, Jackie Chang, Sarah Bard, Sasha TI Making SuperTracker Work for You SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Post, Robert C.; Haven, Jackie] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Nutr Mkt & Commun Div, Alexandria, VA USA. [Bard, Sasha] Panum Grp, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Post, RC (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Nutr Mkt & Commun Div, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 112 IS 10 BP 1520 EP + DI 10.1016/j.jand.2012.08.004 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 017CB UT WOS:000309566600002 PM 23017561 ER PT J AU Britten, P Cleveland, LE Koegel, KL Kuczynski, KJ Nickols-Richardson, SM AF Britten, Patricia Cleveland, Linda E. Koegel, Kristin L. Kuczynski, Kevin J. Nickols-Richardson, Sharon M. TI Impact of Typical Rather than Nutrient-Dense Food Choices in the US Department of Agriculture Food Patterns SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article DE USDA Food Patterns; Dietary Guidelines; Dietary patterns; Added sugars; Solid fats AB Background The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Patterns, released as part of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, are designed to meet nutrient needs without exceeding energy requirements. They identify amounts to consume from each food group and recommend that nutrient-dense forms lean or low-fat, without added sugars or salt-be consumed. Americans fall short of most food group intake targets and do not consume foods in nutrient-dense forms. Intake of calories from solid fats and added sugars exceed maximum limits by large margins. Objective Our aim was to determine the potential effect on meeting USDA Food Pattern nutrient adequacy and moderation goals if Americans consumed the recommended quantities from each food group, but did not implement the advice to select nutrient-dense forms of food and instead made more typical food choices. Design Food-pattern modeling analysis using the USDA Food Patterns, which are structured to allow modifications in one or more aspects of the patterns, was used. Nutrient profiles for each food group were modified by replacing each nutrient-dense representative food with a similar but typical choice. Typical nutrient profiles were used to determine the energy and nutrient content of the food patterns. Results Moderation goals are not met when amounts of food in the USDA Food Patterns are followed and typical rather than nutrient-dense food choices are made. Energy, total fat, saturated fat, and sodium exceed limits in all patterns, often by substantial margins. With typical choices, calories were 15% to 30% (ie, 350 to 450 kcal) above the target calorie level for each pattern. Adequacy goals were not substantially affected by the use of typical food choices. Conclusions If consumers consume the recommended quantities from each food group and subgroup, but fail to choose foods in low-fat, no-added-sugars, and low-sodium forms, they will not meet the USDA Food Patterns moderation goals or the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:1560-1569. C1 [Britten, Patricia; Cleveland, Linda E.; Koegel, Kristin L.; Kuczynski, Kevin J.] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. [Nickols-Richardson, Sharon M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Britten, P (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr,Room 1034, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM patricia.britten@cnpp.usda.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 112 IS 10 BP 1560 EP 1569 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.360 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 017CB UT WOS:000309566600008 PM 22906562 ER PT J AU Britten, P Cleveland, LE Koegel, KL Kuczynski, KJ Nickols-Richardson, SM AF Britten, Patricia Cleveland, Linda E. Koegel, Kristin L. Kuczynski, Kevin J. Nickols-Richardson, Sharon M. TI Updated US Department of Agriculture Food Patterns Meet Goals of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article DE USDA food patterns; Dietary Guidelines; Dietary patterns ID GUIDANCE-SYSTEM AB The US Department of Agriculture Food Patterns were updated for the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans to meet new nutrition goals and incorporate results of food pattern modeling requested by the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. The purpose of this article is to describe the process used and changes in the updated patterns. Changes include renaming the Meat and Beans and Milk Groups to the Protein Foods and Dairy Groups, respectively, to be more encompassing of foods in each. Vegetable subgroups now provide more achievable intake recommendations. Calcium-fortified soymilk is now included in the Dairy Group because of its similarity to foods in that group. Increased amounts of seafoods are recommended in the Protein Foods Group, balanced by decreased amounts of meat and poultry. A limit on calories from solid fats and added sugars is included, replacing the previous discretionary calorie allowance and emphasizing the need to choose nutrient-dense forms of foods. Lacto-ovo vegetarian and vegan patterns that meet nutrition goals were created by making substitutions in the Protein Foods Group, and for vegan patterns, in the Dairy Group. Patterns identify food choices that meet nutritional needs within energy allowances and encourage choosing a variety of foods. They rely on foods in nutrient-dense forms, including a limited amount of calories from solid fats and added sugars. The Food Patterns provide a useful template for educating consumers about healthful food choices while highlighting a large gap between choices many Americans make and healthy eating patterns. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:1648-1655. C1 [Britten, Patricia; Cleveland, Linda E.; Koegel, Kristin L.; Kuczynski, Kevin J.] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. [Nickols-Richardson, Sharon M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Britten, P (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr,Room 1034, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM patricia.britten@cnpp.usda.gov NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 112 IS 10 BP 1648 EP 1655 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2012.05.021 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 017CB UT WOS:000309566600018 PM 22853987 ER PT J AU Smith, CE Ordovas, JM AF Smith, Caren E. Ordovas, Jose M. TI Update on perilipin polymorphisms and obesity SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE epidemiology; genetics; nutrients; obesity ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; WEIGHT-LOSS; GENETIC-VARIATION; 11482G-GREATER-THAN-A POLYMORPHISM; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES AB Perilipin proteins were discovered in the adipocyte, where they regulate lipid storage and lipolysis. Animal knockout models provided initial evidence of the critical role of perilipin 1, the most abundant of the adipocyte proteins, in energy and glucose metabolism. During a decade of study, genetic variation in perilipin 1 has been consistently but not invariably associated with body weight and obesity-related complications. Related phenotypes such as postprandial lipid metabolism and aerobic fitness are also modulated by perilipin 1 genotype, consistent with earlier metabolic studies. Investigations of gene-diet interactions, together with gene expression studies, have yielded increased understanding, but important questions about causal variants and mechanisms remain. The newest work examines perilipin 4, an adipocyte regulator of triglyceride synthesis and packaging. The novel discovery that a perilipin 4 variant creates a binding site for regulation of the perilipin gene (PLIN) by microRNA suggests intriguing new possibilities for additional mechanistic investigations of other perilipin proteins. C1 [Smith, Caren E.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging [5P01AG023394-02]; National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute [HL54776]; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, grant no. 5P01AG023394-02, the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, grant no. HL54776, the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, grant no. DK075030, and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service. NR 67 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 70 IS 10 BP 611 EP 621 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00515.x PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 015LU UT WOS:000309448300004 PM 23035807 ER PT J AU Kellner, JR Asner, GP Cordell, S Thaxton, JM Kinney, KM Kennedy-Bowdoin, T Knapp, DE Questad, EJ Ambagis, S AF Kellner, James R. Asner, Gregory P. Cordell, Susan Thaxton, Jarrod M. Kinney, Kealoba M. Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty Knapp, David E. Questad, Erin J. Ambagis, Stephen TI Historical Land-Cover Classification for Conservation and Management in Hawaiian Subalpine Drylands SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY FOREST; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; LIDAR; FIRE; SOIL AB We used aerial photography from 1954 and airborne LiDAR and imaging spectroscopy from 2008 to infer changes in extent and location of tall-stature woody vegetation in 127 km(2) of subalpine dry forest on the island of Hawai'i (Pohakuloa Training Area), and to identify 25.8 km(2) of intact woody vegetation for restoration and management. Total cover of woody vegetation was 54.7 km(2) in 1954 and 58.6 km(2) in 2008. Approximately 28.9 km(2) underwent woody vegetation change (22.7%) between 1954 and 2008. Increases in woody vegetation cover occurred in 16.4 km(2), and 12.5 km(2) represented reduction of woody vegetation cover (12.9% and 9.8% of the 127 km(2) study area, respectively). Our findings suggest that 3.9 km(2) (3.0%) experienced a net increase in woody vegetation cover between 1954 and 2008. Spatial patterns suggest that fires may be the primary driver of reductions in woody vegetation cover. Increases could be due to regeneration of dry forest trees or measurement errors associated with historical imagery. Areas remaining in woody vegetation cover over the 53-yr study interval can be targeted for restoration and management. We discuss challenges to integrating historical photography with contemporary conservation and management in Hawai'i and the Pacific and we outline additional studies that would help to improve estimates. The methods and analysis are general and could be applied to other dryland ecosystems with complex volcanic substrates in Hawai'i and the Pacific. C1 [Kellner, James R.; Kinney, Kealoba M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kellner, James R.; Asner, Gregory P.; Kinney, Kealoba M.; Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty; Knapp, David E.; Ambagis, Stephen] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cordell, Susan; Kinney, Kealoba M.; Questad, Erin J.] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Questad, Erin J.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Biol Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Thaxton, Jarrod M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Kellner, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jkellner@umd.edu RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 FU Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program FX This work was supported by a grant from the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is made possible by the W. M. Keck Foundation and William Hearst III. Manuscript accepted 16 January 2012. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 27 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 66 IS 4 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.2984/66.4.4 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 017YQ UT WOS:000309627500005 ER PT J AU Huyvaert, KP Carlson, JS Bentler, KT Cobble, KR Nolte, DL Franklin, AB AF Huyvaert, Kathryn P. Carlson, Jenny S. Bentler, Kevin T. Cobble, Kacy R. Nolte, Dale L. Franklin, Alan B. TI Freshwater Clams As Bioconcentrators of Avian Influenza Virus in Water SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bioconcentration; Clams; Influenza virus ID ACCUMULATION; PERSISTENCE; MUSSELS AB We report experimental evidence for bioconcentration of a low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H6N8) in the tissue of freshwater clams. Our results support the concept that freshwater clams may provide an effective tool for use in the early detection of influenza A viruses in aquatic environments. C1 [Huyvaert, Kathryn P.; Carlson, Jenny S.; Bentler, Kevin T.; Cobble, Kacy R.; Franklin, Alan B.] Wildlife Serv, APHIS, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Nolte, Dale L.] Wildlife Serv, APHIS, USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Huyvaert, KP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Campus Delivery 1474, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kate.huyvaert@colostate.edu RI Huyvaert, Kathryn/A-2710-2009 OI Huyvaert, Kathryn/0000-0003-3302-030X FU USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Disease Program FX We thank several colleagues for their help and insights given throughout the project, especially Robert G. McLean, Kaci K. VanDalen, Heather K. Sullivan, Paul T. Oesterle, and William H. Clements. We appreciate the logistical support from Thomas J. DeLiberto, Christopher A. Myrick, and the USDA/ARS/Southeast Poultry Research Lab. This study was supported by funding from the USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Disease Program. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 12 IS 10 BP 904 EP 906 DI 10.1089/vbz.2012.0993 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 018KA UT WOS:000309657800011 PM 22925022 ER PT J AU Goheen, DJ Mallams, K Betlejewski, F Hansen, E AF Goheen, Donald J. Mallams, Katrina Betlejewski, Frank Hansen, Everett TI Effectiveness of Vehicle Washing and Roadside Sanitation in Decreasing Spread Potential of Port-Orford-Cedar Root Disease SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora lateralis; invasive pathogen; disease management ID PHYTOPHTHORA-LATERALIS; PATHOGEN; FOREST; ROT AB Two techniques widely recommended for managing Port-Orford-cedar root disease (caused by the introduced pathogen Phytophthora lateralis) are vehicle washing and roadside sanitation. However, their effectiveness has never been tested using a sample-based approach. Vehicle washing effectiveness was evaluated using Port-Orford-cedar seedling baits and a double-washing method. Washing with water can significantly reduce the amount of inoculum adhering to vehicles and boots. Effectiveness of roadside sanitation, the creation of zones along roads with few or no living Port-Orford-cedar hosts, was monitored using seedling baits for up to 12 years along ten infested roadsides that received operational treatments and for 8 years along four that did not. Sanitation treatments greatly reduced the amount of inoculum over time. Inoculum decline became most substantial in years 4 to 12 after treatment, suggesting that this treatment would be most useful in long-term strategies on roads used for many activities rather than in the short-term. Implementation monitoring of 17 roads that were sanitized by contract crews demonstrated that contractors were very thorough in removing all Port-Orford-cedars that met contract specifications. Vehicle washing and sanitation treatments reduce the likelihood of P. lateralis spread and are appropriate for use with other techniques in disease management strategies. C1 [Goheen, Donald J.] Forest Hlth Protect, US Forest Serv, USDA, J Herbert Stone Nursery, Central Point, OR 97530 USA. [Hansen, Everett] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM edgoheen@jeffnet.org; kmallams@fs.fed.us; fbetlejewski@fs.fed.us; hansene@science.oregonstate.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.5849/wjaf.11-011 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 021QN UT WOS:000309900500003 ER PT J AU Kitzmiller, JH Lunak, G AF Kitzmiller, Jay H. Lunak, Glenn TI Growth of Giant Sequoia Compared to Ponderosa Pine and Other Mixed-Conifers in California Plantations SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE sequoiadendron giganteum; tree density; competition; paired-comparisons ID SIERRA-NEVADA AB Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum, SEGI) is a Sierra Nevada conifer famous for its supreme size, longevity, decay resistance, and visual appeal. A restricted natural range endangers SEGI to catastrophic wildfire and adverse climate change. Conservation aims to protect and restore extant native groves and to create new groves in promising forest environments. SEGI was compared to the best local conifer, usually ponderosa pine (PIPO), planted on 107 productive sites along western slopes of the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascades. SEGI had greater or similar ht and dbh as PIPO in more than 90% of the plantations. Best development and growth superiority of SEGI occurred in the southern latitudes (< 38.6 degrees lat.), on high quality sites, and middle slopes with southwest aspects at low stand densities. SEGI increased in dbh superiority over PIPO linearly with stand age. On the southern latitude high quality sites, SEGI averaged 2.6 m taller and 22 cm larger in dbh than PIPO at age 50. SEGI incurred greater loss in dbh (compared to PIPO) from higher stand densities on southeastern aspects and high sites. Site elevation did not affect species comparisons. Warmer temperatures and higher precipitation differentially favored dbh of SEGI. C1 [Kitzmiller, Jay H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Paradise, CA 95969 USA. EM j_kitzmiller@sbcglobal.net; glunak@spi-ind.com NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 39 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.5849/wjaf.11-029 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 021QN UT WOS:000309900500006 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Feng, J Zhang, CY Xu, XD Chen, XM Sun, Q Miao, Q Xu, SC Lin, F AF Zhao, Lei Feng, Jing Zhang, Chun-Yu Xu, Xiao-Dan Chen, Xian-Ming Sun, Quan Miao, Qing Xu, Shi-Chang Lin, Feng TI The dissection and SSR mapping of a high-temperature adult-plant stripe rust resistance gene in American spring wheat cultivar Alturas SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wheat; SSR mapping; Resistance gene; Stripe rust ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; MAP; NUMBER AB Stripe rust is one of major diseases in wheat production worldwide. The best economic and efficient method is to utilize resistant varieties. Alturas has high-temperature adult-plant resistance. In order to determine stripe rust