FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Colaizzi, PD Kustas, WP Anderson, MC Agam, N Tolk, JA Evett, SR Howell, TA Gowda, PH O'Shaughnessy, SA AF Colaizzi, Paul D. Kustas, William P. Anderson, Martha C. Agam, Nurit Tolk, Judy A. Evett, Steven R. Howell, Terry A. Gowda, Prasanna H. O'Shaughnessy, Susan A. TI Two-source energy balance model estimates of evapotranspiration using component and composite surface temperatures SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Evaporation; Transpiration; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation; Cotton; Remote sensing ID DUAL ANGLE OBSERVATIONS; DRYLAND GRAIN-SORGHUM; PARTIAL CANOPY COVER; HEAT-FLUX; ROW CROPS; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; PLANTING GEOMETRY; RADIATION BALANCE; SPRAY IRRIGATION; SPARSE CROPS AB The two source energy balance model (TSEB) can estimate evaporation (E), transpiration (T), and evapotranspiration (ET) of vegetated surfaces, which has important applications in water resources management for irrigated crops. The TSEB requires soil (T-S) and canopy (T-C) surface temperatures to solve the energy budgets of these layers separately. Operationally, usually only composite surface temperature (T-R) measurements are available at a single view angle. For surfaces with nonrandom spatial distribution of vegetation such as row crops, T-R often includes both soil and vegetation, which may have vastly different temperatures. Therefore, T-S and T-C must be derived from a single T-R measurement using simple linear mixing, where an initial estimate of T-C is calculated, and the temperature - resistance network is solved iteratively until energy balance closure is reached. Two versions of the TSEB were evaluated, where a single T-R measurement was used (TSEB-T-R) and separate measurements of T-S and T-C were used (TSEB-T-C-T-S). All surface temperatures (T-S, T-C, and T-R) were measured by stationary infrared thermometers that viewed an irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop. The TSEB-T-R version used a Penman-Monteith approximation for T-C, rather than the Priestley-Taylor-based formulation used in the original TSEB version, because this has been found to result in more accurate partitioning of E and T under conditions of strong advection. Calculations of E, T, and ET by both model versions were compared with measurements using microlysimeters, sap flow gauges, and large monolythic weighing lysimeters, respectively. The TSEB-T-R version resulted in similar overall agreement with the TSEB-T-C-T-S version for calculated and measured E (RMSE = 0.7 mm d(-1)) and better overall agreement for T (RMSE = 0.9 vs. 1.9 mm d(-1)), and ET (RMSE = 0.6 vs. 1.1 mm d(-1)). The TSEB-T-C-T-S version calculated daily ET up to 1.6 mm d(-1) (15%) less early in the season and up to 2.0 mm d(-1) (44%) greater later in the season compared with lysimeter measurements. The TSEB-T-R also calculated larger ET later in the season but only up to 1.4 mm d(-1) (20%). ET underestimates by the TSEB-T-C-T-S version may have been related to limitations in measuring T-C early in the season when the canopy was sparse. ET overestimates later in the season by both versions may have been related to a greater proportion of non-transpiring canopy elements (flowers, bolls, and senesced leaves) being out of the T-C and T-R measurement view. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Colaizzi, Paul D.; Tolk, Judy A.; Evett, Steven R.; Howell, Terry A.; Gowda, Prasanna H.; O'Shaughnessy, Susan A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Kustas, William P.; Anderson, Martha C.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Agam, Nurit] Agr Res Org, Gilat Res Ctr, IL-85280 Negev, Israel. RP Colaizzi, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Paul.Colaizzi@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Kustas, William/C-2063-2015; Agam, Nurit/E-1836-2013 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Agam, Nurit/0000-0002-8921-6179 FU USDA-ARS National Program 211, Water Availability and Watershed Management; Ogallala Aquifer Program FX This research was supported by the USDA-ARS National Program 211, Water Availability and Watershed Management and in part by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. We are grateful to Dr. Andrew French, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, Arizona for allowing us to use the Cimel multiband thermal radiometer and for his critical reviews of this and previous manuscripts. We thank the numerous biological technicians and student workers for their meticulous and dedicated efforts in executing experiments and obtaining and processing data. NR 72 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 BP 134 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.06.004 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 046EC UT WOS:000311747300012 ER PT J AU Neale, CMU Geli, HME Kustas, WP Alfieri, JG Gowda, PH Evett, SR Prueger, JH Hipps, LE Dulaney, WP Chavez, JL French, AN Howell, TA AF Neale, Christopher M. U. Geli, Hatim M. E. Kustas, William P. Alfieri, Joseph G. Gowda, Prasanna H. Evett, Steven R. Prueger, John H. Hipps, Lawrence E. Dulaney, Wayne P. Chavez, Jose L. French, Andrew N. Howell, Terry A. TI Soil water content estimation using a remote sensing based hybrid evapotranspiration modeling approach SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Airborne remote sensing; Evapotranspiration; Soil water content; Energy balance; Crop coefficients ID ENERGY-BALANCE MODEL; HEAT-FLUX; CROP COEFFICIENTS; FOOTPRINT ESTIMATION; VEGETATION; COVER; TRANSPIRATION; ASSIMILATION; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION AB Remote sensing of evapotranspiration (ET) has evolved over the last 20 years with the development of more robust energy balance approaches and the availability of timely remotely sensed imagery from satellite sensors. This has allowed the use of remote sensing for near-real time water management in irrigated systems in the western United States. In this paper a hybrid ET approach is applied to irrigated and non-irrigated cotton fields at the BEAREX08 experimental site using airborne remote sensing inputs under highly advective conditions, taking advantage of the available root zone soil water content measurements for verification of model output. The modeling approach is based on coupling the Two-Source-Energy Balance (TSEB) and the reflectance-based crop coefficient models. The TSEB model provides estimates of real crop ET while the reflectance-based crop coefficient approach allows for updating the basal crop coefficient and the interpolation and extrapolation of ET between the dates of remote sensing inputs facilitating the maintenance of a soil water balance in the root zone of the crop. Actual ET estimates using the TSEB model were compared with measured ET using eddy covariance systems deployed in four cotton fields during the BEAREX08 experiment. Estimates of soil water content in the soil profile of both irrigated and rain fed cotton fields were compared with measurements at different depths using neutron probe observations. Data assimilation techniques were applied to update soil water content values using estimates based on actual ET from the TSEB model. Results indicate that the hybrid ET modeling approach using data assimilation produced reliable daily ET interpolated between remote sensing observations and significantly improved soil water content estimates throughout the root zone profile compared to applying the crop-coefficient technique in a water balance model without the actual ET inputs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Neale, Christopher M. U.; Hipps, Lawrence E.] Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Climate Depart, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kustas, William P.; Alfieri, Joseph G.; Dulaney, Wayne P.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gowda, Prasanna H.; Evett, Steven R.; Howell, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chavez, Jose L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environ Engr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [French, Andrew N.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Neale, CMU (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Climate Depart, 4110 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM christopher.neale@usu.edu RI Kustas, William/C-2063-2015; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015; OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 FU USDA-ARS Conservation & Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX; USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; Remote Sensing Services Laboratory, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University; Utah Water Research Laboratory; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was funded in part by the USDA-ARS Conservation & Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX, the USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, and the Remote Sensing Services Laboratory, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University. Hatim Geli was supported by the Utah Water Research Laboratory and Christopher Neale by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.10.008 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 046EC UT WOS:000311747300013 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Alfieri, JG Gao, F Hain, C Prueger, JH Evett, S Colaizzi, P Howell, T Chavez, JL AF Anderson, Martha C. Kustas, William P. Alfieri, Joseph G. Gao, Feng Hain, Christopher Prueger, John H. Evett, Steven Colaizzi, Paul Howell, Terry Chavez, Jose L. TI Mapping daily evapotranspiration at Landsat spatial scales during the BEAREX'08 field campaign SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Remote sensing; Thermal; Land-surface temperature ID SURFACE-ENERGY FLUXES; HEAT-FLUX; DOWNWIND EVOLUTION; DAILY EVAPORATION; LOCAL ADVECTION; 2-SOURCE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SATELLITE DATA; TEMPERATURE; BALANCE AB Robust spatial information about environmental water use at field scales and daily to seasonal timesteps will benefit many applications in agriculture and water resource management. This information is particularly critical in arid climates where freshwater resources are limited or expensive, and groundwater supplies are being depleted at unsustainable rates to support irrigated agriculture as well as municipal and industrial uses. Gridded evapotranspiration (ET) information at field scales can be obtained periodically using land-surface temperature-based surface energy balance algorithms applied to moderate resolution satellite data from systems like Landsat, which collects thermal-band imagery every 16 days at a resolution of approximately 100 m. The challenge is in finding methods for interpolating between ET snapshots developed at the time of a clear-sky Landsat overpass to provide complete daily time-series over a growing season. This study examines the efficacy of a simple gap-filling algorithm designed for applications in data-sparse regions, which does not require local ground measurements of weather or rainfall, or estimates of soil texture. The algorithm relies on general conservation of the ratio between actual ET and a reference ET, generated from satellite insolation data and standard meteorological fields from a mesoscale model. The algorithm was tested with ET retrievals from the Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) surface energy balance model and associated DisALEXI flux disaggregation technique, which uses Landsat-scale thermal imagery to reduce regional ALEXI maps to a finer spatial resolution. Daily ET at the Landsat scale was compared with lysimeter and eddy covariance flux measurements collected during the Bushland Evapotranspiration and Agricultural Remote sensing EXperiment of 2008 (BEAREX08), conducted in an irrigated agricultural area in the Texas Panhandle under highly advective conditions. The simple gap-filling algorithm performed reasonably at most sites, reproducing observed cumulative ET to within 5-10% over the growing period from emergence to peak biomass in both rainfed and irrigated fields. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Anderson, Martha C.; Kustas, William P.; Alfieri, Joseph G.; Gao, Feng] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Hain, Christopher] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Evett, Steven; Colaizzi, Paul; Howell, Terry] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Chavez, Jose L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Kustas, William/C-2063-2015 OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; NR 66 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 BP 162 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.06.005 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 046EC UT WOS:000311747300014 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Evans, JD AF Chen, Yamping (Judy) Evans, Jay D. TI Managed Pollinator CAP Coordinated Agricultural Project A National Research and Extension Initiative to Reverse Pollinator Decline RNAi in Treating Honey Bee Diseases SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER C1 [Chen, Yamping (Judy); Evans, Jay D.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 152 IS 12 BP 1171 EP 1173 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 044WC UT WOS:000311654900016 ER PT J AU Imamura, F Lemaitre, RN King, IB Song, XL Lichtenstein, AH Matthan, NR Herrington, DM Siscovick, DS Mozaffarian, D AF Imamura, Fumiaki Lemaitre, Rozenn N. King, Irena B. Song, Xiaoling Lichtenstein, Alice H. Matthan, Nirupa R. Herrington, David M. Siscovick, David S. Mozaffarian, Dariush TI Novel circulating fatty acid patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Cardiovascular Health Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; OLDER-ADULTS; CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; DIETARY-INTAKE; PLASMA AB Background: Complex interplays of diet and metabolism influence circulating fatty acids (FAs), possibly constituting FA patterns related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Objectives: We aimed to derive FA patterns from circulating FAs, relate the patterns to CVD incidence, and extend the derived patterns to atherosclerosis progression in another independent cohort. Design: We used principal component analysis (PCA) to derive FA patterns from 38 plasma phospholipid FAs in 2972 older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Identified patterns were evaluated for prospective associations with 14-y incidence of CVD [ischemic heart disease (IHD) or stroke]. In another independent cohort of postmenopausal women with IHD, we evaluated associations of the CHS-derived patterns with 3.2-y progression of angiographically defined coronary atherosclerosis. Results: Three distinct patterns were identified, characterized by higher proportions of trans FAs, de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs, and long-chain MUFAs (LCMUFAs). During 32,265 person-years, 780 incident CVD events occurred. The trans FA pattern was associated with higher CVD risk (multivariable-adjusted HR for the highest compared with the lowest quintiles = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.12; p-trend = 0.006), primarily attributable to higher risk of stroke (HR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.54, 3.92; P-trend = 0.005). The DNL and LCMUFA patterns were not associated with CVD incidence or with IHD or stroke (P-trend > 0.11 each). In the second cohort, the trans FA pattern, but not the other 2 patterns, was positively associated with progression of coronary atherosclerosis (P-trend < 0.05). Conclusions: PCA appears to provide informative circulating FA patterns. A pattern driven mainly by trans FA levels related to greater CVD risk in older adults and coronary atherosclerosis progression in women with IHD. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:1252-61. C1 [Imamura, Fumiaki; Mozaffarian, Dariush] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mozaffarian, Dariush] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Nutr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mozaffarian, Dariush] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Cardiovasc Med,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mozaffarian, Dariush] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [King, Irena B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Song, Xiaoling] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Lemaitre, Rozenn N.; Siscovick, David S.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Seattle, WA USA. [Siscovick, David S.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Matthan, Nirupa R.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Herrington, David M.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med Cardiol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Imamura, Fumiaki; Mozaffarian, Dariush] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Imamura, F (reprint author), 677 Huntington Ave,Kresge 913C, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM fimamura@hsph.harvard.edu OI Imamura, Fumiaki/0000-0002-6841-8396 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIMBI) [HHSN268201200036C, N01-HC-85239, N01-HC-85079, N01-HC-85086, N01-HC-35129, N01-HC-15103, N01-HC-55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-45133]; NHLBI [HL080295, U01-HL-45488, NIH-HL-54727]; National Institute on Aging [AG-023629, AG-15928, AG-20098, AG-027058]; Searle Scholar Award; National Center for Research Resources General Clinical Research Center [Mol-rr07122]; USDA [58-1950-9-001] FX The Cardiovascular Health Study was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIMBI) contracts HHSN268201200036C, N01-HC-85239, and N01-HC-85079 through N01-HC-85086; N01-HC-35129, N01-HC-15103, N01-HC-55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-45133, and NHLBI grant HL080295, with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Additional support was provided through AG-023629, AG-15928, AG-20098, and AG-027058 from the National Institute on Aging. See also http://www.chs-nhlbi.orgipi.htin. A subset of additional fatty acid measurements was supported by a Searle Scholar Award. The Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial was supported by the NHLBI (U01-HL-45488 and NIH-HL-54727), the National Center for Research Resources General Clinical Research Center (Mol-rr07122), and the USDA (58-1950-9-001). NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1252 EP 1261 DI 10.3945/ajcn.112.039990 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 043HK UT WOS:000311533300003 PM 23097270 ER PT J AU Samelson, EJ Booth, SL Fox, CS Tucker, KL Wang, TJ Hoffmann, U Cupples, LA O'Donnell, CJ Kiel, DP AF Samelson, Elizabeth J. Booth, Sarah L. Fox, Caroline S. Tucker, Katherine L. Wang, Thomas J. Hoffmann, Udo Cupples, L. Adrienne O'Donnell, Christopher J. Kiel, Douglas P. TI Calcium intake is not associated with increased coronary artery calcification: the Framingham Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; BONE-VASCULAR AXIS; VITAMIN-D; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; AORTIC CALCIFICATION; DIETARY ASSESSMENT; WOMENS HEALTH; HEART-DISEASE; RISK AB Background: Adequate calcium intake is known to protect the skeleton. However, studies that have reported adverse effects of calcium supplementation on vascular events have raised widespread concern. Objective: We assessed the association between calcium intake (from diet and supplements) and coronary artery calcification, which is a measure of atherosclerosis that predicts risk of ischemic heart disease independent of other risk factors. Design: This was an observational, prospective cohort study. Participants included 690 women and 588 men in the Framingham Offspring Study (mean age: 60 y; range: 36-83 y) who attended clinic visits and completed food-frequency questionnaires in 1998 2001 and underwent computed tomography scans 4 y later in 2002 2005. Results: The mean age-adjusted coronary artery calcification Agatston score decreased with increasing total calcium intake, and the trend was not significant after adjustment for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, vitamin D supplement use, energy intake, and, for women, menopause status and estrogen use. Mu Invariable-adjusted mean Agatston scores were 2.36, 2.52, 2.16, and 2.39 (P-trend = 0.74) with an increasing quartile of total calcium intake in women and 4.32, 4.39, 4.19, and 4.37 (P-trend = 0.94) in men, respectively. Results were similar for dietary calcium and calcium supplement use. Conclusions: Our study does not support the hypothesis that high calcium intake increases coronary artery calcification, which is an important measure of atherosclerosis burden. The evidence is not sufficient to modify current recommendations for calcium intake to protect skeletal health with respect to vascular calcification risk. Am Clin Nutr 2012;96:1274-80. C1 [Samelson, Elizabeth J.; Kiel, Douglas P.] Hebrew SeniorLife, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA 02131 USA. [Samelson, Elizabeth J.; Kiel, Douglas P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. [Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Fox, Caroline S.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.] Natl Heart Lung & Blood Insts Framingham Heart St, Framingham, MA USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wang, Thomas J.; Hoffmann, Udo] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. RP Samelson, EJ (reprint author), Hebrew SeniorLife, Inst Aging Res, 1200 Ctr St, Boston, MA 02131 USA. EM samelson@hsl.harvard.edu OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU National Institute of Arthritis. Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases [K01 AR053118, R01 AR/AG41398]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study (NIH/NHLBI ) [N01-HC-25195] FX Supported by National Institute of Arthritis. Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases grants K01 AR053118 and R01 AR/AG41398 and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study (NIH/NHLBI contract N01-HC-25195). NR 55 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1274 EP 1280 DI 10.3945/ajcn.112.044230 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 043HK UT WOS:000311533300005 PM 23134889 ER PT J AU Chen, YY Wang, J Gao, W Sun, XJ Xu, SY AF Chen, Y. Y. Wang, J. Gao, W. Sun, X. J. Xu, S. Y. TI Comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in soils from Baoshan District, Shanghai: a heavily industrialized area in China SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Heavy metal; Potential ecological risk; Multivariate statistical analyses; Geostatistical analysis; Spatial change ID MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; URBAN SOILS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; HONG-KONG; CONTAMINATION; SEDIMENTS; POLLUTION; LEAD; EMISSIONS; SUBURBAN AB The potential for soil heavy metal contamination in high risk areas is a crucial issue that will impact the environment. Soil samples were collected in 2003 and 2007 to investigate heavy metal contamination characteristics and pollution changes in the industrialized district of Baoshan (Shanghai, China). Both multi-statistic and geostatistic approaches were used and proved to be useful in the interpretation of the analytical results. The potential for soil contamination in the high risk areas presents a crucial issue that will impact the environment. The results indicate that soil in the Baoshan District is alkaline. Additionally, the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil increased between 2003 and 2007. The study results indicated that the concentration of the metals lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium(Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in the soil has great discrepancy, especially of Pb and Cr. The concentrations of Pb and Cr in the soil show significant difference between two observed years (p < 0.05). The concentration of most of these metals was higher in 2007 than 2003. Only the concentrations of Cd and As were not higher in 2007. Traffic and industrial contaminants were the likely source of Pb and As; Hg largely came from agricultural contamination, household garbage and industrial contamination; Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu mainly originated from industrial activities. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that human activities mainly contributed to heavy metal contamination. Spatial distribution confirmed this by showing that areas with the highest metal concentrations occurred where there were high levels of industrial activity and traffic. Potential ecological risk assessment results showed that high risk zones were highly correlated with spatial analysis. The study estimated that in 2007, 85.2 % of the district could be categorized as high risk, which is 77.4 times more than that in 2003. C1 [Chen, Y. Y.; Wang, J.; Xu, S. Y.] E China Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Gao, W.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Sun, X. J.] Shanghai Environm Monitoring Stn Baoshan Dist, Shanghai 200940, Peoples R China. RP Wang, J (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. EM chenmengmeng0701@163.com; jwang@geo.ecnu.edu; wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB951603]; Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program [10DZ0581600]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China [70703010, 40901010] FX This paper was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB951603), the Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program (Grant No. 10DZ0581600), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 70703010 and 40901010). The authors wish to extend their thanks to the professors who, despite their busy schedules, found enough time to review this paper. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 8 BP 2331 EP 2343 DI 10.1007/s12665-012-1680-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 042UN UT WOS:000311496900014 ER PT J AU Smith, CD Berk, SG Brandl, MT Riley, LW AF Smith, Charlotte D. Berk, Sharon G. Brandl, Maria T. Riley, Lee W. TI Survival characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes and Helicobacter pylori during passage through the free-living ciliate, Tetrahymena sp. SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protozoa; vesicle; fecal pellets; electron microscopy; confocal laser scanning microscopy; phagosome ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; DIGESTIVE VACUOLES; PROTOZOA; BACTERIA; WATER; DIFFERENTIATION; THERMOPHILA; PYRIFORMIS; STRAINS; PROMOTE AB Free-living protozoa have been implicated in the survival and transport of pathogens in the environment, but the relationship between non-Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli or Helicobacter pylori and ciliates has not been characterized. Six diarrheagenic pathotypes of E. coli and an isolate of H. pylori were evaluated for their susceptibility to digestion by Tetrahymena, an aquatic ciliate. Tetrahymena strain MB125 was fed E. coli or H. pylori, and the ciliate's egested products examined for viable bacterial pathogens by the BacLight (TM) LIVE/DEAD (TM) assay, a cell elongation method, and by colony counts. All six diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes survived digestion, whereas H. pylori was digested. Growth of E. coli on agar plates indicated that the bacteria were able to replicate after passage through the ciliate. Transmission electron micrographs of E. coli cells as intact rods vs. degraded H. pylori cells corroborated these results. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a net-like matrix around intact E. coli cells in fecal pellets. These results suggest a possible role for Tetrahymena and its egested fecal pellets in the dissemination of diarrheagenic E. coli in the environment. This bacterialprotozoan interaction may increase opportunities for transmission of diarrheagenic E. coli to mammalian hosts including humans. C1 [Smith, Charlotte D.; Riley, Lee W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Berk, Sharon G.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Management Utilizat & Protect Water Resources, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Brandl, Maria T.] ARS, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Smith, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 50 Univ Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM charlottesmith.us@gmail.com FU USEPA STAR Fellowship [F09D40688] FX C.D.S. was supported by USEPA STAR Fellowship F09D40688. We thank Holly Arron, Oishee Bose, and Joanne Dai for excellent laboratory assistance. Helicobacter pylori was a gift of Richard Peek, Vanderbilt University. We thank the reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 82 IS 3 BP 574 EP 583 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01428.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 041DZ UT WOS:000311378300003 PM 22680607 ER PT J AU Chikmawati, T Miftahudin, M Skovmand, B Gustafson, JP AF Chikmawati, T. Miftahudin, M. Skovmand, B. Gustafson, J. Perry TI Amplified fragment length polymorphism-based genetic diversity among cultivated and weedy rye (Secale cereale L.) accessions SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Genetic diversity; Rye; Secale cereale ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; ALLOZYME VARIATION; AFLP MARKERS; POPULATIONS; RAPD; VARIETIES; LANDRACES; DISTANCE AB Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were evaluated to determine the genetic diversity and relationships among cultivated and weedy ryes (Secale cereale L.) using a large global set of accessions. On the basis of 395 polymorphic bands resulted from nine PstI-MseI primer combinations, cultivated rye exhibited higher average genetic diversity (H-t = 0.34) than that of the weedy rye (H-t = 0.27), however, it had lower genetic differentiation (F-st = 0.16). The average genetic diversity of cultivated rye varied from region to region ranging from 0.21 to 0.31. As expected, all cultivated accessions clustered together both in dendrogram and principal coordinate diagram indicating common breeding program selection criteria based on similar value-added agronomic characteristics. A clustering of cultivated rye accessions into groups based strictly on geographical origin was not found. The relationships among cultivated, weedy and wild ryes were discussed. C1 [Chikmawati, T.; Miftahudin, M.] Bogor Agr Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Math & Sci, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. [Skovmand, B.] Nord Gene Bank, S-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. [Gustafson, J. Perry] Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Gustafson, J. Perry] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Chikmawati, T (reprint author), Bogor Agr Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Math & Sci, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. EM tchikmawati@yahoo.com OI Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 59 IS 8 BP 1743 EP 1752 DI 10.1007/s10722-012-9796-8 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 040HA UT WOS:000311311700012 ER PT J AU Dossett, M Bassil, NV Lewers, KS Finn, CE AF Dossett, Michael Bassil, Nahla V. Lewers, Kim S. Finn, Chad E. TI Genetic diversity in wild and cultivated black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) evaluated by simple sequence repeat markers SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Blackcap; Microsatellite; Molecular markers; Rubus occidentalis; SSR ID IDENTIFICATION; ROSACEAE; CHEMOPREVENTION; PRIMER; LOCI; RAPD AB Breeding progress in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) has been limited by a lack of genetic diversity in elite germplasm. Black raspberry cultivars have been noted for showing very few phenotypic differences and seedlings from crosses between cultivars for a lack of segregation for important traits. Despite these challenges, little molecular work has been done to explore genetic diversity and relationships in wild and cultivated black raspberry germplasm. Microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR), markers are highly polymorphic codominant markers useful for studying genetic diversity, population genetics, genetic fingerprinting and other applications. We examined genetic diversity in 148 wild and cultivated black raspberry accessions using 21 polymorphic SSR markers. Black raspberry cultivars clustered tightly and showed higher than expected heterozygosity while that of wild accessions was low. Relationships between wild black raspberry accessions were poorly resolved and regional clusters were mostly absent from our analysis. Our results indicated that wild black raspberry germplasm is a relatively untapped resource available for future breeding. C1 [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lewers, Kim S.] ARS, USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bassil, Nahla V.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Chad.Finn@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research; USDA-ARS Plant Exchange Office; Oregon Raspberry and Blackberry Commission FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the technical support of April Nyberg, Theodore Bunch, Wambui Njuguna, and Barbara Gilmore during the course of this project. We also thank Kim Hummer for her role in organizing and participating in the collection trips. We would like to thank the following individuals for contributing seed for this project: W. Anderson (Illinois), M. Bathrick (Pennsylvania), C. Brown (New Jersey), P. Byers (Missouri), T. Cuff (Wisconsin), A. Dale (Ontario), R. Davis (New York), R. Geneve (Kentucky), J. Hancock (Michigan), D. Handley (Maine), A. Jamieson (New Brunswick), K. Kellogg Connecticut), J. Lehman (Indiana), T. Leslie (Ohio), H. Love (Tennessee), J. Luby (Minnesota), C. Mauchline (Pennsylvania), R. Moyer (Virginia), G. Nonnecke (Iowa), M. Retter (Indiana), M. Stanton (Ohio), H. Swartz (Maryland), F. Takeda (West Virginia), E. Thompson (Arkansas), C. Weber (New York). This project was supported by grants from the USDA-ARS Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, the USDA-ARS Plant Exchange Office, and the Oregon Raspberry and Blackberry Commission. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 59 IS 8 BP 1849 EP 1865 DI 10.1007/s10722-012-9808-8 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 040HA UT WOS:000311311700020 ER PT J AU Li, XR Zhu, CS Yeh, CT Wu, W Takacs, EM Petsch, KA Tian, F Bai, GH Buckler, ES Muehlbauer, GJ Timmermans, MCP Scanlon, MJ Schnable, PS Yu, JM AF Li, Xianran Zhu, Chengsong Yeh, Cheng-Ting Wu, Wei Takacs, Elizabeth M. Petsch, Katherine A. Tian, Feng Bai, Guihua Buckler, Edward S. Muehlbauer, Gary J. Timmermans, Marja C. P. Scanlon, Michael J. Schnable, Patrick S. Yu, Jianming TI Genic and nongenic contributions to natural variation of quantitative traits in maize SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; MAPPING POPULATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; FLOWERING-TIME; WHOLE-GENOME; INBRED LINES; TRANSCRIPTOME; MODEL; LEAF; ARCHITECTURE AB The complex genomes of many economically important crops present tremendous challenges to understand the genetic control of many quantitative traits with great importance in crop production, adaptation, and evolution. Advances in genomic technology need to be integrated with strategic genetic design and novel perspectives to break new ground. Complementary to individual-gene-targeted research, which remains challenging, a global assessment of the genomic distribution of trait-associated SNPs (TASs) discovered from genome scans of quantitative traits can provide insights into the genetic architecture and contribute to the design of future studies. Here we report the first systematic tabulation of the relative contribution of different genomic regions to quantitative trait variation in maize. We found that TASs were enriched in the nongenic regions, particularly within a 5-kb window upstream of genes, which highlights the importance of polymorphisms regulating gene expression in shaping the natural variation. Consistent with these findings, TASs collectively explained 44%-59% of the total phenotypic variation across maize quantitative traits, and on average, 79% of the explained variation could be attributed to TASs located in genes or within 5 kb upstream of genes, which together comprise only 13% of the genome. Our findings suggest that efficient, cost-effective genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in species with complex genomes can focus on genic and promoter regions. C1 [Yeh, Cheng-Ting; Wu, Wei; Schnable, Patrick S.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Genom, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yeh, Cheng-Ting; Wu, Wei; Schnable, Patrick S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Li, Xianran; Zhu, Chengsong; Bai, Guihua; Yu, Jianming] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Takacs, Elizabeth M.; Scanlon, Michael J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Petsch, Katherine A.; Timmermans, Marja C. P.] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bai, Guihua; Buckler, Edward S.] ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Schnable, PS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Genom, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM schnable@iastate.edu; jyu@ksu.edu OI Yeh, Cheng-Ting/0000-0002-1392-2018; Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0820610] FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (DBI-0820610). NR 54 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 49 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2436 EP 2444 DI 10.1101/gr.140277.112 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 048FK UT WOS:000311895500012 PM 22701078 ER PT J AU Cuomo, CA Desjardins, CA Bakowski, MA Goldberg, J Ma, AT Becnel, JJ Didier, ES Fan, L Heiman, DI Levin, JZ Young, S Zeng, QD Troemel, ER AF Cuomo, Christina A. Desjardins, Christopher A. Bakowski, Malina A. Goldberg, Jonathan Ma, Amy T. Becnel, James J. Didier, Elizabeth S. Fan, Lin Heiman, David I. Levin, Joshua Z. Young, Sarah Zeng, Qiandong Troemel, Emily R. TI Microsporidian genome analysis reveals evolutionary strategies for obligate intracellular growth SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; CTP SYNTHETASE; ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; FUNGI; PROTEINS; ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE; CYCLE AB Microsporidia comprise a large phylum of obligate intracellular eukaryotes that are fungal-related parasites responsible for widespread disease, and here we address questions about microsporidia biology and evolution. We sequenced three microsporidian genomes from two species, Nematocida parisii and Nematocida sp1, which are natural pathogens of Caenorhabditis nematodes and provide model systems for studying microsporidian pathogenesis. We performed deep sequencing of transcripts from a time course of N. parisii infection. Examination of pathogen gene expression revealed compact transcripts and a dramatic takeover of host cells by Nematocida. We also performed phylogenomic analyses of Nematocida and other microsporidian genomes to refine microsporidian phylogeny and identify evolutionary events of gene loss, acquisition, and modification. In particular, we found that all microsporidia lost the tumor-suppressor gene retinoblastoma, which we speculate could accelerate the parasite cell cycle and increase the mutation rate. We also found that microsporidia acquired transporters that could import nucleosides to fuel rapid growth. In addition, microsporidian hexokinases gained secretion signal sequences, and in a functional assay these were sufficient to export proteins out of the cell; thus hexokinase may be targeted into the host cell to reprogram it toward biosynthesis. Similar molecular changes appear during formation of cancer cells and may be evolutionary strategies adopted independently by microsporidia to proliferate rapidly within host cells. Finally, analysis of genome polymorphisms revealed evidence for a sexual cycle that may provide genetic diversity to alleviate problems caused by clonal growth. Together these events may explain the emergence and success of these diverse intracellular parasites. C1 [Cuomo, Christina A.; Desjardins, Christopher A.; Goldberg, Jonathan; Fan, Lin; Heiman, David I.; Levin, Joshua Z.; Young, Sarah; Zeng, Qiandong] MIT & Harvard, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Bakowski, Malina A.; Ma, Amy T.; Troemel, Emily R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Sect Cell & Dev Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Becnel, James J.] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Didier, Elizabeth S.] Tulane Natl Primate Res Ctr, Div Microbiol, Covington, LA 70433 USA. RP Cuomo, CA (reprint author), MIT & Harvard, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. EM cuomo@broadinstitute.org; etroemel@ucsd.edu OI Cuomo, Christina/0000-0002-5778-960X FU Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN272200900018C]; Irvington Institute Fellowship Program of the Cancer Research Institute postdoctoral fellowship; NIAID [R01 AI087528]; Center for AIDS Research Developmental Grant; Searle Scholars Program; Ray Thomas Edwards Foundation; David & Lucile Packard Foundation fellowship FX We acknowledge the Broad Institute Sequencing Platform for generating all DNA and RNA sequence described here. We thank Brian Haas for assistance with defining UTRs from the RNA-sequence; Jeremy Zucker for metabolic pathway prediction; Hilary Morrison for providing the A. locustae genome sequence prior to publication; Sharadha Sakthikumar for assistance with Figure 2 preparation; James Nieh and Guntima Suwannapong for N. ceranae spores; Quanshun Zhang and Saul Tzipori for E. cuniculi spores; and Nicholas Rhind, Robert Luallen, Tiffany Dunbar, Ethan Bier, Suzannah Szumowski, Diego Martinez, Zehua Chen, and Christina Hull for comments on the manuscript. This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN272200900018C; and funding to the Tulane National Primate Research Center via OD011104. This work was supported by the Irvington Institute Fellowship Program of the Cancer Research Institute postdoctoral fellowship to M.A.B.; and NIAID R01 AI087528, Center for AIDS Research Developmental Grant, the Searle Scholars Program, Ray Thomas Edwards Foundation, and the David & Lucile Packard Foundation fellowship to E.R.T. NR 65 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 46 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2478 EP 2488 DI 10.1101/gr.142802.112 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 048FK UT WOS:000311895500016 PM 22813931 ER PT J AU Harris, RA Nagy-Szakal, D Pedersen, N Opekun, A Bronsky, J Munkholm, P Jespersgaard, C Andersen, P Melegh, B Ferry, G Jess, T Kellermayer, R AF Harris, R. Alan Nagy-Szakal, Dorottya Pedersen, Natalia Opekun, Antone Bronsky, Jiri Munkholm, Pia Jespersgaard, Cathrine Andersen, PaalSkytt Melegh, Bela Ferry, George Jess, Tine Kellermayer, Richard TI Genome-wide peripheral blood leukocyte DNA methylation microarrays identified a single association with inflammatory bowel diseases SO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES LA English DT Article DE inflammatory bowel disease; DNA methylation; peripheral blood; twin; TEPP ID COLITIS; TWINS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EPIGENETICS; CONCORDANCE; POPULATION; INHIBITION; PREVALENCE; INCREASES AB Background: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Monozygotic (MZ) twin discordance rates and epidemiologic data implicate that environmental changes and epigenetic factors may play a pathogenic role in IBD. DNA methylation (the methylation of cytosines within CpG dinucleotides) is an epigenetic modification, which can respond to environmental influences. We investigated whether DNA methylation might be connected with IBD in peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) DNA by utilizing genome-wide microarrays. Methods: Two different high-throughput microarray-based methods for genome-wide DNA methylation analysis were employed. First, DNA isolated from MZ twin pairs concordant (CD: 4; UC: 3) and discordant (CD: 4; UC: 7) for IBD was interrogated by a custom-made methylation-specific amplification microarray (MSAM). Second, the recently developed Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays were used on 48 samples of PBL DNA from discordant MZ twin pairs (CD: 3; UC: 3) and treatment-naive pediatric cases of IBD (CD: 14; UC: 8), as well as controls (n = 14). The microarrays were validated with bisulfite pyrosequencing. Results: The MSAMs did not yield significant IBD associations. The Methylation BeadChip approach identified a single DNA methylation association of IBD at TEPP (testis, prostate and placenta-expressed protein) when DNA isolated selectively from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed (8.6% increase in methylation between CD and control, FDR = 0.0065). Conclusions: Microarray interrogation of IBD-dependent DNA methylation from PBLs appears to have limited ability to detect significant disease associations. More detailed and/or selective approaches may be useful for the elucidation of connections between the DNA methylome and IBD in the future. C1 [Nagy-Szakal, Dorottya; Opekun, Antone; Ferry, George; Kellermayer, Richard] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Harris, R. Alan] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Nagy-Szakal, Dorottya; Kellermayer, Richard] USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Pedersen, Natalia; Munkholm, Pia] Herlev Univ Hosp, Gastroenterol Unit, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. [Opekun, Antone] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Gasteonterol TMC Digest Dis Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Bronsky, Jiri] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Dept Pediat, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bronsky, Jiri] Univ Hosp Motol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Jespersgaard, Cathrine] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem & Immunol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Andersen, PaalSkytt] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Microbiol Surveillance & Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Melegh, Bela] Univ Pecs, Dept Med Genet, Pecs, Hungary. [Jess, Tine] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Kellermayer, R (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, 6621 Fannin St,CC1010-00, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kellerma@bcm.edu FU Broad Medical Research Program, the Broad Foundation [IBD-0252]; Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America-Children's Digestive Health and Nutrition Foundation/North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (CCFA) [2426]; Child Health Research Career Development Agency of the Baylor College of Medicine (NIH) [5K12 HD041648]; Public Health Service grant [DK56338] FX R.K. was supported in part by the Broad Medical Research Program, the Broad Foundation (IBD-0252); the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America-Children's Digestive Health and Nutrition Foundation/North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (CCFA Ref. No. 2426); the Child Health Research Career Development Agency of the Baylor College of Medicine (NIH Grant No. 5K12 HD041648); and a Public Health Service grant DK56338, funding the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-0998 EI 1536-4844 J9 INFLAMM BOWEL DIS JI Inflamm. Bowel Dis. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2334 EP 2341 DI 10.1002/ibd.22956 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 039JR UT WOS:000311242400017 PM 22467598 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Storms, DH Newman, JW Pedersen, TL Keen, CL Ducore, JM AF Zunino, Susan J. Storms, David H. Newman, John W. Pedersen, Theresa L. Keen, Carl L. Ducore, Jonathan M. TI Dietary resveratrol does not delay engraftment, sensitize to vincristine or inhibit growth of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in NOD/SCID mice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute lymphoblastic leukemia; dietary resveratrol; NOD/SCID mice ID MOUSE MODEL; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENT; B-LINEAGE; CANCER; CHILDHOOD; APOPTOSIS; RATS; SUPPRESSION; ANTITUMOR; THERAPY AB Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with translocation 04;11) is a high-risk leukemia found in 60-85% of infants with ALL and is often refractory to conventional chemotherapeutics after relapse. To evaluate the efficacy of dietary resveratrol in vivo, 5-week-old NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice were fed a control diet or a diet containing 0.2% w/w resveratrol. After 3 weeks of dietary treatment, mice were engrafted with the human t(4;11) ALL line SEM by tail vein injection. Engraftment was monitored by evaluating the presence of human CD19(+) cells in peripheral blood using flow cytometry. Relative to control diet, dietary resveratrol did not delay the engraftment of the leukemia cells. To determine if dietary resveratrol could increase efficacy of a chemotherapeutic agent, vincristine was injected intraperitoneally into leukemic mice fed the control or supplemented diet. Survival curves and monitoring the percentage of human leukemia cells in peripheral blood showed that resveratrol did not inhibit leukemia cell growth or influence the activity of vincristine. Mass spectrometric analysis of mouse serum revealed that the majority of resveratrol was present as glucuronidated and sulfated metabolites. These data do not support the concept that dietary resveratrol has potential as a preventative agent against the growth of high-risk t(4;11) ALL. C1 [Zunino, Susan J.; Storms, David H.; Newman, John W.; Pedersen, Theresa L.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keen, Carl L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ducore, Jonathan M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Hematol Oncol Sect, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM susan.zunino@ars.usda.gov FU National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute [1R21CA122117-01] FX This work was supported by an award from National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, award no. 1R21CA122117-01. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. No conflicts of interest are present for any of the authors. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD PI ATHENS PA POB 18179, ATHENS, 116 10, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2207 EP 2212 DI 10.3892/ijo.2012.1650 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 043YZ UT WOS:000311587900036 PM 23041950 ER PT J AU Yuan, J Karimi, A Zornes, S Goodgame, S Mussini, F Lu, C Waldroup, PW AF Yuan, J. Karimi, A. Zornes, S. Goodgame, S. Mussini, F. Lu, C. Waldroup, P. W. TI Evaluation of the role of glycine in low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bone; broiler; glycine; digestive organ; low-protein diet; performance ID SOYBEAN MEAL DIETS; LOW-CRUDE PROTEIN; BROILER CHICKS; PLUS SERINE; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; REQUIREMENTS; LYSINE; NEEDS AB A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding Gly to broiler starter diets in which the CP was decreased from 24 to 18% by adding essential amino acids. Effects on live performance, development of the digestive organs, and bone and some serum parameters were evaluated. Male broiler chicks were fed from hatch to 18 d on 1 of 14 experimental diets in which amino acids were added in turn as they became limiting. The order of limiting amino acids was Met (TSAA), Lys, Thr, Val, Ile, Arg, Trp, and His. For diets supplemented with Thr through His, aliquots of the diets were supplemented with Gly to provide 2.0% Gly + Ser. Each treatment was fed to 6 pens of 5 male chicks of a commercial strain. The BW and FCR of broilers fed diets in which Arg, Trp, and His became limiting were significantly lower than those of birds fed diets in which Met and Lys were limiting. The addition of Gly significantly improved the BW and FCR of broilers fed the diets in which Arg, Trp, and His became limiting and significantly improved the FCR of diets in which Val became limiting. Significant differences were observed in relative organ weights between chicks fed the diets in which Thr, Val, and Ile became limiting and those fed the diets with Met and Lys added. Addition of Gly to some diets significantly increased or decreased the relative weights of the various intestinal segments, but not in a consistent manner. Significant differences were observed for tibia ash, tibia diameter, and bone-breaking strength of broilers among the broilers fed the diet of limiting amino acids and those fed only Met and Lys. Supplementation with Gly increased bone-breaking strength and the diameter of the tibia. No significant differences were observed for urea nitrogen, ammonia, and blood urea nitrogen levels in the serum of broilers fed the diets with the first 8 limiting amino acids. Supplemental Gly significantly increased the serum urea nitrogen and serum ammonia content. Therefore, Gly may be critical in the use of low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets for broilers. C1 [Yuan, J.] China Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Karimi, A.] Univ Kurdistan, Dept Anim Sci, Sanandaj 6617715177, Kurdistan, Iran. [Zornes, S.] Agr Res Serv, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Goodgame, S.; Mussini, F.; Lu, C.; Waldroup, P. W.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Waldroup, PW (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM Waldroup@uark.edu OI Yuan, Jian-Min/0000-0002-4620-3108 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 EI 1537-0437 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 726 EP 737 DI 10.3382/japr.2011-00388 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 046ZV UT WOS:000311806000002 ER PT J AU Kollanoor-Johny, A Upadhyay, A Baskaran, SA Upadhyaya, I Mooyottu, S Mishra, N Darre, MJ Khan, MI Donoghue, AM Donoghue, DJ Venkitanarayanan, K AF Kollanoor-Johny, A. Upadhyay, A. Baskaran, S. A. Upadhyaya, I. Mooyottu, S. Mishra, N. Darre, M. J. Khan, M. I. Donoghue, A. M. Donoghue, D. J. Venkitanarayanan, K. TI Effect of therapeutic supplementation of the plant compounds trans-cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis colonization in market-age broiler chickens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antibacterial; chicken; eugenol; Salmonella; trans-cinnamaldehyde ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; CECAL CONTENTS; IN-VITRO; INFECTION; CARVACROL; EGG; PREVALENCE; MECHANISMS; THYMOL; DIETS AB In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the plant compounds trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) and eugenol (EG) on reducing Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) in commercial, market-age broiler chickens. Straight run, day-old commercial broiler chicks (N = 84) were randomly grouped into 6 groups of 14 birds each (n = 14/group): a negative control (no SE, no TC or EG), EG control (no SE, 1% EG), TC control (no SE, 0.75% TC), a positive control (SE, no TC or EG), an EG challenge group (SE, 1% EG), and a TC challenge group (SE, 0.75% TC). Before the start of each experiment, the flock was screened for any inherent Salmonella (n = 12 birds/experiment). Birds were given ad libitum access to Salmonella-free feed and water. On d 30, birds were challenged with a 4-strain mixture of SE (8 log(10) cfu/bird). Two birds from each group were killed after 24 h (d 31) to check for colonization of SE in the cecum. Birds were given feed supplemented with TC (0.75%) or EG (1%) for 5 d before slaughter on d 42 (n = 10 birds/group) for determination of SE populations in the cecum and cloaca. The experiment was repeated 2 times. The trans-cinnamaldehyde and EG consistently reduced SE in the samples in both experiments (P < 0.05). Body weights and feed consumption did not differ among the groups (P > 0.05). On the basis of histological analysis, no abnormal changes in the liver were observed because of supplementation of plant compounds. Therefore, TC and EG supplemented through the feed could reduce SE colonization in market-age chickens. C1 [Kollanoor-Johny, A.; Upadhyay, A.; Baskaran, S. A.; Upadhyaya, I.; Mooyottu, S.; Darre, M. J.; Venkitanarayanan, K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Mishra, N.; Khan, M. I.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, D. J.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Venkitanarayanan, K (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM kumar.venkitanarayanan@uconn.edu RI Kollanoor Johny, Anup/J-3771-2015; OI Upadhyay, Abhinav/0000-0002-6064-4858 FU USDA Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative (OREI) Program (Washington, DC) [2011-01955] FX Funded by the USDA Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative (OREI) Program (Washington, DC; No. 2011-01955). NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 816 EP 822 DI 10.3382/japr.2012-00540 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 046ZV UT WOS:000311806000012 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Rowe, DE Moore, PA AF Miles, D. M. Rowe, D. E. Moore, P. A., Jr. TI Litter ammonia losses amplified by higher airflow rates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ammonia; broiler; emission; cake; litter ID BROILER HOUSES; VOLATILIZATION AB Broiler litter use has largely been associated with land application as fertilizer. Reducing the NH3 released from litter enhances its fertilizer value (more N) and negates detrimental effects to the environment. A laboratory study was conducted to quantify the effect of airflow variation on litter NH3 volatilization. Increasing the airflow rate increased NH3 volatilization. The lower flows (8.4 and 16.9 L of air/h per L of litter) generated 59 and 86% of the NH3 generated, respectively, as compared with the highest flow (25.3 L of air/h per L of litter). By specifically studying flow rate per volume of litter, the results provide a basis for needed mitigation technologies to combine forced ventilation with other parameters known to increase NH3 generation (e.g., high temperature). Practical applications to reduce NH3 emissions on the farm may include covering litter stockpiles to reduce wind flow over them or using intense ventilation between flocks coupled with an NH3 scrubber. C1 [Miles, D. M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Rowe, D. E.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Moore, P. A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Miles, DM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, 810 Hwy 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dana.miles@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 874 EP 880 DI 10.3382/japr.2011-00468 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 046ZV UT WOS:000311806000019 ER PT J AU Moyle, JR Burke, JM Fanatico, A Mosjidis, JA Spencer, T Arsi, K Reyes-Herrera, I Woo-Ming, A Donoghue, DJ Donoghue, AM AF Moyle, J. R. Burke, J. M. Fanatico, A. Mosjidis, J. A. Spencer, T. Arsi, K. Reyes-Herrera, I. Woo-Ming, A. Donoghue, D. J. Donoghue, A. M. TI Palatability of tannin-rich sericea lespedeza fed to broilers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; pasture poultry; range management; sericea lespedeza ID CONDENSED TANNINS; CUNEATA; PROTEIN; CHICKS; HAY AB As parasites become resistant to available anthelmintics, new methods of control are needed. New drugs take a long time to develop in addition to being expensive; therefore, there is increasing interest in finding and using natural alternatives. Additionally, natural remedies are needed for the organic sector because synthetic drugs are not allowed and birds with outdoor access are likely to encounter parasites. Sericea lespedeza [ SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don.] is a common perennial legume found in pastures across the southern United States that has been shown to be effective at controlling parasitic nematodes in small ruminants because of its condensed tannin content. Diets high in condensed tannins are often unpalatable to poultry; however, growers report that chickens maintained on pastures will consume SL. These reports and the level of consumption have not been verified. Therefore, before determining its potential in controlling parasites in poultry, we confirmed in a preliminary study that birds on pasture consumed SL (92% of birds examined had SL in crops), and in a subsequent study, dried SL leaves were added to a commercial broiler feed to determine the palatability of SL at various concentrations. Diets included 0 (control), 5, 10, or 20% SL (DM weight) and were fed from hatch until slaughter at 6 wk of age. Male broilers (n = 80) were randomly divided into 8 groups and fed 1 of the 4 diets in replicate. Body weight gains were similar between the control and SL at 5%. Including more than 5% SL in the diet reduced individual BW (P < 0.05). At the end of the feeding period, the digestive organs as a percentage of body weight of birds fed 20% SL were larger than those of control birds. Feed conversion was higher in the 20% SL treatment (2.31) than in the control treatment (1.63; P < 0.05). Palatability of SL did not appear to be a problem because all treatment groups consumed a similar amount of feed. Therefore, the effects of SL on parasite control will be evaluated in subsequent studies. C1 [Moyle, J. R.] Agr Res Serv, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Burke, J. M.] Agr Res Serv, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Fanatico, A.] Appalachian State Univ, Goodnight Family Sustainable Dev Program, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Mosjidis, J. A.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Spencer, T.] NCAT, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Arsi, K.; Reyes-Herrera, I.; Woo-Ming, A.; Donoghue, D. J.; Donoghue, A. M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Moyle, JR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM Jon.Moyle@ars.usda.gov RI arsi, komala/G-8871-2016 OI arsi, komala/0000-0002-4282-4273 FU USDA-Southern Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) [LS10-226]; USDA-Small Business Innovation Research [2011-33610-30836] FX This work was funded in part by USDA-Southern Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) LS10-226 to A. M. Donoghue, A. Fanatico, and J. M. Burke and USDA-Small Business Innovation Research to SIMS Brothers Inc. (2011-33610-30836). Additionally, the authors thank Scott Zornes and Wally McDonner and the rest of the staff at USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit for their assistance in conducting this research. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 891 EP 896 DI 10.3382/japr.2012-00559 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 046ZV UT WOS:000311806000021 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Branton, SL AF Peebles, E. D. Branton, S. L. TI Mycoplasma gallisepticum in the commercial egg-laying hen: A historical perspective considering the effects of pathogen strain, age of the bird at inoculation, and diet on performance and physiology SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diet; egg; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; inoculation; layer; performance; physiology; vaccine ID REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS; TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTANT; LIVE F-STRAIN; POULTRY FAT; BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS; QUALITY PARAMETERS; LAYER HENS; S6 STRAIN; SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION AB The effects of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) on the performance and physiology of the commercial laying hen have been shown to vary in relation to the strain of MG and the age of the bird when challenged. In an effort to protect birds against more virulent field strains of MG on multiple-age commercial farms where eradication is not feasible, milder strains of MG have been introduced as live vaccines to help displace the natural field strains. The benefits and drawbacks of the individual and combined use of these various vaccine strains are discussed in this article, along with a comparative analysis of their subsequent effects on various performance and physiological variables and their interrelationships. Prelay inoculations of either the 6/85- or ts11-strains of MG used in conjunction with an overlay of the F-strain of MG during lay have the potential of being an effective vaccination regimen for the continual protection of commercial flocks against field strain MG infections while preventing the adverse effects on performance associated with an individual inoculation of the F-strain of MG. In an additional effort to positively modify the effects of MG vaccination regimens on layer production, outcomes of the use of various dietary supplements have been explored. A 1.50% level of poultry fat alone or the combination of phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol alone have shown potential in alleviating depressions in the egg production of layers by as much as 6.3 and 2.7%, respectively, as a result of being vaccinated with the F-strain of MG. Consideration of the information provided in this article concerning differences in the effects of the MG strain, the age at which MG vaccines are given, and the use of dietary supplementation on laying hen performance and physiology may be useful in improving the productivity and profitability of the commercial egg industry. C1 [Peebles, E. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.] Agr Res Serv, Poultry Res Unit, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu FU US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX Much of the work referred to in this review was funded by the US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. NR 87 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 897 EP 914 DI 10.3382/japr.2012-00555 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 046ZV UT WOS:000311806000022 ER PT J AU Novotny, JA Fadel, JG Holstege, DM Furr, HC Clifford, AJ AF Novotny, Janet A. Fadel, James G. Holstege, Dirk M. Furr, Harold C. Clifford, Andrew J. TI This Kinetic, Bioavailability, and Metabolism Study of RRR-alpha-Tocopherol in Healthy Adults Suggests Lower Intake Requirements than Previous Estimates SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-E; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTES; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; BINDING-SITES; HUMANS; DISCRIMINATION; QUANTITATION; ANTIOXIDANT AB Kinetic models enable nutrient needs and kinetic behaviors to be quantified and provide mechanistic insights into metabolism. Therefore, we modeled and quantified the kinetics, bioavailability, and metabolism of RRR-alpha-tocopherol in 12 healthy adults. Six men and 6 women, aged 27 +/- 6 y, each ingested 1.81 nmol of [5(-14)CH(3)]-(2R, 4'R, 8'R)-alpha-tocopherol; each dose had 3.70 kBq of C-14. Complete collections of urine and feces were made over the first 21 d from dosing. Serial blood samples were drawn over the first 70 d from dosing. All specimens were analyzed for RRR-alpha-tocopherol. Specimens were also analyzed for C-14 using accelerator MS. From these data, we modeled and quantified the kinetics of RRR-alpha-tocopherol in vivo in humans. The model had 11 compartments, 3 delay compartments, and reservoirs for urine and feces. Bioavailability of RRR-alpha-tocopherol was 81 +/- 1%. The model estimated residence time and half-life of the slowest turning-over compartment of alpha-tocopherol (adipose tissue) at 499 +/- 702 d and 184 +/- 48 d, respectively. The total body store of RRR-alpha-tocopherol was 25,900 +/- 6=220 mu mol (11 +/- 3 g) and we calculated the adipose tissue level to be 1.53 mu mol/g (657 mu g/g). We found that a daily intake of 9.2 mu mol (4 mg) of RRR-alpha-tocopherol maintained plasma RRR-alpha-tocopherol concentrations at 23 mu mol/L. These findings suggest that the dietary requirement for vitamin E may be less than that currently recommended and these results will be important for future updates of intake recommendations. J. Nutr. 142: 2105-2111, 2012. C1 [Clifford, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Novotny, Janet A.] USDA, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fadel, James G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Holstege, Dirk M.] Univ Calif Davis, Analyt Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Furr, Harold C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nutr, Madison, WI USA. RP Clifford, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajclifford@ucdavis.edu FU NIH [R01 DK 081551]; USDA Regional Research [W-2002]; California Agricultural Experiment Station; National Center for Research Resources, a component of the NIH [UL1 RR024146]; NIH Roadmap for Medical Research; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NIH National Center for Research Resources [RR13461] FX Supported by NIH grant R01 DK 081551, USDA Regional Research W-2002, the California Agricultural Experiment Station, and grant UL1 RR024146 from the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the NIH, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Aspects of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and NIH National Center for Research Resources grant RR13461. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 142 IS 12 BP 2105 EP 2111 DI 10.3945/jn.112.166462 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 044XK UT WOS:000311658300005 PM 23077194 ER PT J AU Nicklas, TA O'Neil, CE Fulgoni, VL AF Nicklas, Theresa A. O'Neil, Carol E. Fulgoni, Victor L., III TI Diet Quality Is Inversely Related to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY EATING INDEX; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; GUIDELINES-FOR-AMERICANS; BODY-MASS INDEX; ENERGY-INTAKE; PATTERNS; WOMEN; SCORES; BIOMARKERS; NUTRITION AB The goal of the study was to determine if there was an association between diet quality and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in adults. NHANES 2001-2008 data were used to compare diet quality, as determined by using 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2005) scores, and CVRF in adults aged >= 19 y (n = 18,988; 51% men, 50% white, 21% African American, 25% Hispanic American, 4% other). HEI-2005 scores were calculated by using one 24-h dietary recall collected from the participants. Weight and adiposity, blood pressure, and CVRF were measured. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the linear relationship of CVRF and HEI-2005 scores by using appropriate covariates accounting for sample weights and the complex sample design of NHANES. OR were calculated for HEI quartiles and CVRF. BMI (P < 0.0001), waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.0002), C-reactive protein (P = 0.0016), total cholesterol (P = 0.0006), LDL cholesterol (P = 0.0039), and metabolic syndrome (P = 0.0035) were inversely associated with HEI-2005. HDL cholesterol significantly (P = 0.0048) increased across HEI-2005 quartiles. Compared with the lowest HEI-2005 quartile, individuals with the highest diet quality (HEI-2005 quartile 4) were less likely to be overweight or obese (34%) or have elevated WC (35%), elevated blood pressure (26%), metabolic syndrome (35%), and decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations (21%). Data suggest that diet quality is inversely associated with several CVRF. J. Nutr. 142: 2112-2118, 2012. C1 [Nicklas, Theresa A.] ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, USDA,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [O'Neil, Carol E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Human Ecol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI USA. RP Nicklas, TA (reprint author), ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, USDA,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. EM tnicklas@bcm.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) [58-6250-6-003]; Hatch project LAB [93951]; Egg Nutrition Board FX This research project is supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) through specific cooperative agreement 58-6250-6-003 and from the Hatch project LAB 93951. Partial support was received from the Egg Nutrition Board. This work is a publication of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. NR 66 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 142 IS 12 BP 2112 EP 2118 DI 10.3945/jn.112.164889 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 044XK UT WOS:000311658300006 PM 23077187 ER PT J AU Han, SN Lichtenstein, AH Ausman, LM Meydani, SN AF Han, Sung Nim Lichtenstein, Alice H. Ausman, Lynne M. Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Novel Soybean Oils Differing in Fatty Acid Composition Alter Immune Functions of Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Older Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK; HUMANS; RATIO; N-6; INFECTION; DENSITY; CHAIN; FISH AB Linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are essential fatty acids that play an important role in modulation of T cell proliferation. The effects of consuming novel soybean oils varying in LA:ALA ratios on T cell proliferation and inflammatory responses were assessed in older adults. Eighteen participants (>50 y old) with elevated cholesterol concentrations (3.37-4.14 mmol/L LDL cholesterol) consumed 5 experimental diets in random order for periods of 35 d. Each diet contained 30% of energy as fat, two-thirds of which was high-oleic acid soybean oil (HiOleic-SO), soybean oil (SO), low-SFA soybean oil (LoSFA-SO), hydrogenated soybean oil (Hydrog-SO), or low-ALA soybean oil (LoALA-SO), resulting in LA:ALA ratios of 2.98, 8.70, 9.69, 15.2, and 18.3, respectively. Participants had higher proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) compared with baseline following consumption of SO (26%; P < 0.05), LoSFA-SO (22%; P < 0.05), or HiOleic-SO (24%; P < 0.05) diets. Proliferative response was similar to the baseline after participants consumed diets with an LA:ALA ratio >10 (Hydrog-SO and LoALA-SO). Post-diet intervention, LA:ALA ratios correlated with proliferative responses to PHA (r = -0.87; P = 0.05). An optimal proliferative response was observed at an LA:ALA ratio of 8.70, with an inverse correlation between proliferative response and LA:ALA ratios >8.70. These effects were independent of changes in the production of PGE(2), inflammatory cytokines, or cytokines involved in growth of lymphocytes. These data suggest that the LA:ALA ratio modulates the proliferative ability of T lymphocytes, which may be due to subtle changes in fatty acid composition of the phospholipids in immune cells. J. Nutr. 142: 2182-2187, 2012. C1 [Han, Sung Nim; Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Ausman, Lynne M.] Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Han, Sung Nim] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul, South Korea. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU NIH [HL 54727]; USDA [1950-51000-072-02S] FX Supported by NIH grant no. HL 54727 and USDA grant no. 1950-51000-072-02S. The experimental oils used for this study, with the exception of the hydrogenated soybean oil, were a gift from Solae Company, St. Louis, MO. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 142 IS 12 BP 2182 EP 2187 DI 10.3945/jn.112.164335 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 044XK UT WOS:000311658300016 PM 23096013 ER PT J AU Kimura, T Bier, DM Taylor, CL AF Kimura, Takeshi Bier, Dennis M. Taylor, Christine L. TI Summary of Workshop Discussions on Establishing Upper Limits for Amino Acids with Specific Attention to Available Data for the Essential Amino Acids Leucine and Tryptophan SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on the Assessment of Adequate and Safe Intake of Dietary Amino Acids CY NOV 10-11, 2011 CL undefined, WA ID UPPER INTAKE LEVEL; HUMANS; RATS; MEN AB The morning of the first day of the 8th Amino Acid Assessment Workshop was organized and co-sponsored by the International Council on Amino Acid Science (ICAAS) and the International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation and was focused on the International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation's approach to establishing upper limits of nutrients. The remainder of d 1 and all of d 2 were focused on the safety of leucine and tryptophan, with special emphasis on determining the upper level of the safe range of intake. It was recognized that some toxicological frameworks, mainly the key-events dose response framework, might be applicable to amino acids and provide appropriate assistance to regulators in establishing upper limits for amino acids as a group of nutrients used in dietary supplements. ICAAS-funded projects for determining the upper intake limits for the essential amino acid leucine provided the main pool of leucine data discussed at the workshop. The acute clinical study suggests 500 mg/(kg . d) as a possible upper limit for leucine in healthy humans, but the safety margin needed to widen this limit to the general population has not been determined. For tryptophan, the workshop participants found less ground for consensus. Older efficacy studies suggested that tryptophan at 8-15 g/d was well tolerated, but human research was abruptly terminated in the late 1980s and no new data are available. Animal results obtained in pigs and rodents were discussed and 2 possible strategies for applying those outcomes to humans were described. J. Nutr. 142: 2245S-2248S, 2012. C1 [Kimura, Takeshi] Ajinomoto Co Inc, Chuo Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Bier, Dennis M.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Taylor, Christine L.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kimura, T (reprint author), Ajinomoto Co Inc, Chuo Ku, Tokyo, Japan. EM takeshi_kimura@ajinomoto.com FU ICAAS secretariat; International Council on Amino Acid Science (ICAAS); International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Research Foundation FX The authors thank the ICAAS secretariat for their support during and after the workshop. T.K. wrote the manuscript based on the tapes from the discussion sections with the assistance of Dr. Miroslav Smriga; and D.M.B. and C.L.T. critically reviewed the manuscript and contributed to the final version. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.; Published in a supplement to The Journal of Nutrition. Presented at the 8th Workshop on the Assessment of Adequate and Safe Intake of Dietary Amino Acids, held in Washington, DC, November 10-11, 2011. The conference was sponsored by the International Council on Amino Acid Science (ICAAS) and the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Research Foundation. The Organizing Committee for the workshop included Sidney M. Morris, Jr, Dennis M. Bier, Luc A. Cynober, Motoni Kadowaki, and Andrew G. Renwick. The views expressed in these papers are not necessarily those of the Supplement Coordinator or Guest Editors. The Supplement Coordinator for this supplement was D'Ann Finley, University California, Davis. Supplement Coordinator disclosures: D'Ann Finley received travel support and compensation from ICAAS for editorial services provided for this supplement publication. The supplement is the responsibility of the Guest Editor to whom the Editor of The Journal of Nutrition has delegated supervision of both technical conformity to the published regulations of The Journal of Nutrition and general oversight of the scientific merit of each article. The Guest Editor for this supplement was Harry Dawson. Guest Editor disclosure: Harry Dawson had no conflicts to disclose. Publication costs for this supplement were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This publication must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not attributable to the sponsors or the Publisher, Editor, or Editorial Board of The Journal of Nutrition. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 142 IS 12 BP 2245S EP 2248S DI 10.3945/jn.112.160846 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 044XK UT WOS:000311658300027 PM 23077196 ER PT J AU Siriwardhana, N Kalupahana, NS Fletcher, S Xin, WT Claycombe, KJ Quignard-Boulange, A Zhao, L Saxton, AM Moustaid-Moussa, N AF Siriwardhana, Nalin Kalupahana, Nishan S. Fletcher, Sarah Xin, Wenting Claycombe, Kate J. Quignard-Boulange, Annie Zhao, Ling Saxton, Arnold M. Moustaid-Moussa, Naima TI n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids differentially regulate adipose angiotensinogen and other inflammatory adipokines in part via NF-kappa B-dependent mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PUFA; Arachidonic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Adipocyte; Inflammation; MCP-1; IL-6; Agt ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION; TISSUE INFLAMMATION; OBESITY; MICE; ADIPOCYTES; CELLS; DIET AB Excessive secretion of proinflammatory adipokines has been linked to metabolic disorders. We have previously documented anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in adipose tissue; however, the mechanisms by which these fatty acids regulate adipokine secretion remain unclear. Here, we determined differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA. n-3 PUFA) vs. arachidonic acid (AA, n-6 PUFA) on expression and secretion of angiotensinogen (Agt), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. While both PUFAs increased intracellular Agt protein and mRNA expression. Agt secretion into culture media was increased only by AA treatment, which in turn was prevented by co-treatment with EPA. At various AA/EPA ratios, increasing AA concentrations significantly increased secretion of the above three adipokines, whereas increasing EPA dose-dependently, while lowering AA, decreased their secretion. Moreover, IL-6 and MCP-1 were more significantly reduced by EPA treatment compared to Agt (IL-6>MCP>Agt). Next, we tested whether nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), a major proinflammatory transcription factor, was involved in regulation of these adipokines by PUFAs. EPA significantly inhibited NF-kappa B activation compared to control or AA treatments. Moreover, EPA attenuated tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced MCP-1 and further reduced its secretion in the presence of an NF-kappa B inhibitor. Taken together, we reported here novel beneficial effects of EPA in adipocytes. We demonstrated direct anti-inflammatory effects of EPA, which are at least in part due to the inhibitory effects of this n-3 PUFA on the NF-kappa B pathway in adipocytes. In conclusion, these studies further support beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs in adipocyte inflammation and metabolic disorders. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Moustaid-Moussa, Naima] Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Siriwardhana, Nalin; Kalupahana, Nishan S.; Xin, Wenting; Zhao, Ling; Saxton, Arnold M.; Moustaid-Moussa, Naima] UT Obes Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. [Fletcher, Sarah; Saxton, Arnold M.; Moustaid-Moussa, Naima] Genome Sci & Technol Program, Knoxville, TN USA. [Claycombe, Kate J.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Quignard-Boulange, Annie] INRA AgroParisTech, Paris, France. RP Moustaid-Moussa, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM moustaid@utk.edu FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; NRI [2005-35200-15224]; University of Tennessee (UT) Center of Excellence in Livestock Diseases and Human Health; UT Obesity Research Center; UT AgResearch FX This research was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, NRI award 2005-35200-15224, University of Tennessee (UT) Center of Excellence in Livestock Diseases and Human Health, UT Obesity Research Center and UT AgResearch. We thank the following former lab members for their contribution to this work: Patrick Wortman, Suzanne Booker, Avik Mukherjee, Dimithri Smolensky and Rhett Layman. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1661 EP 1667 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.11.009 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 045QA UT WOS:000311710700015 PM 22475809 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Medina, MB Lee, J Bumanlag, LP Brown, EM Liu, CK AF Taylor, M. M. Medina, M. B. Lee, J. Bumanlag, L. P. Brown, E. M. Liu, C. K. TI TREATMENT OF WET BLUE WITH FILLERS PRODUCED FROM QUEBRACHO-MODIFIED GELATIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID OXIDIZED PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LEATHER; SURIMI; FILMS; ACID; GELS AB Gelatin modified with quebracho to produce high molecular weight, high viscosity products was investigated as a filler in leather processing. The uptake of quebracho/gelatin product by the wet blue was on the average about 55% of the 10% gelatin/quebracho product offered; the reaction appeared to be complete after about 4 h. The uptake of quebracho alone by the wet blue was run as a control; after 2 h almost 100% of the quebracho was taken up by the hide. As a second control, the effect of eliminating vegetable tannins (quebracho and mimosa) from the retan, color, and fatliquor (RCF), on properties of the crust was tested. Epi-fluorescent imaging and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated distinctive differences between the two control samples and the gelatin/quebracho treated hide. The gelatin/quebracho treated samples had superior subjective properties when compared to untreated controls; differences in mechanical properties were dependent on whether vegetable tannin was present or absent in RCF. Thus a filler produced from a common vegetable tannin (quebracho) and a waste product from the leather industry (gelatin) can add economic value to leather by improving its quality. C1 [Taylor, M. M.; Medina, M. B.; Lee, J.; Bumanlag, L. P.; Brown, E. M.; Liu, C. K.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM maryann.taylor@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA 1314 50 ST, STE 103, LUBBOCK, TX 79412 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 107 IS 12 BP 416 EP 421 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 048QD UT WOS:000311926700002 ER PT J AU James, A De Graff, JV AF James, Arlington De Graff, Jerome V. TI The draining of Matthieu landslide-dam lake, Dominica, West Indies SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE Landslide dam; Dam breach; Caribbean; Flooding ID FAILURE AB Shortly before midnight on Wednesday, July 27, 2011, the landslide dam forming a lake on the Matthieu River, Dominica, West Indies rapidly breached. The complete draining of the lake caused major flooding along the lower Layou River Valley. No fatalities or injuries resulted despite significant property and infrastructure damage. Government estimates place the cost for immediate cleanup and long-term repairs between ECD$9 million and ECD$18 million. The lake created by the landslide dam was unusual for having persisted nearly 14 years. Formation of the Matthieu landslide dam was associated with formation and breaching of two smaller landslide dams on the Layou River in 1997. Available evidence is consistent with breaching due to landsliding on the face of the landslide dam. Landslides removed sufficient material to permit the lake to flow over the dam and erode the dam to about the level of the pre-existing channel of the Matthieu River. C1 [De Graff, Jerome V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. [James, Arlington] Wildlife & Parks Div, Roseau, Dominica. RP De Graff, JV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1600 Tollhouse Rd, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. EM jdegraff@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD DEC PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 529 EP 537 DI 10.1007/s10346-012-0333-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 045DH UT WOS:000311674700007 ER PT J AU Brewer, MC Mass, CF Potter, BE AF Brewer, Matthew C. Mass, Clifford F. Potter, Brian E. TI The West Coast Thermal Trough: Climatology and Synoptic Evolution SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED WIND REVERSALS; UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WARM-SEASON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ONSHORE PUSH; MARINE AIR; HEAT LOW; PRESSURE; LEVEL AB Although the West Coast thermal trough (WCTT) is the most important mesoscale feature over the U.S. west coast during the warm season, its initiation, evolution, and structure are not well understood. Originating in the southwest United States, this inverted trough can extend northward into Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, with large impacts on temperature, wind, humidity, and air quality. Using NCEP's North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), annual and diurnal climatologies of WCTTs reaching the northwest United States were constructed. For the entire year, WCTTs are most frequent along the coast near the California-Oregon border, with weaker maxima west of the Cascade and coastal mountains. Over the coastal region, they occur most often during autumn, while east of the Cascade Mountains, the highest frequency is during summer. There is strong diurnal variability in WCTT frequency during the summer, with little diurnal variation in winter. Though compositing revealed important seasonal differences in WCTT evolution, some common features emerged. An upper-level ridge moves over the northwest United States and associated high pressure builds in the lower troposphere over southwest Canada, resulting in the development of near-surface easterlies and downslope flow over the western slopes of major terrain barriers of the region. Simultaneously, the WCTT extends northward from California into the Pacific Northwest. As the synoptic configuration changes, the WCTT either moves eastward and merges with the larger thermal low over the Great Basin region, which is most common in summer, or it recedes back into California and dissipates, as often happens in winter. C1 [Brewer, Matthew C.; Mass, Clifford F.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Potter, Brian E.] USDA, Forest Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Brewer, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, 408 Atmospher Sci Geophys ATG Bldg,Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mcbrewer83@yahoo.com FU USDA Forest Service [PNW-10-JV-11261987-033] FX This research was supported by the USDA Forest Service through Agreement PNW-10-JV-11261987-033. We wish to thank Mr. John Saltenberger and Ms. Julia Ruthford for numerous helpful conversations regarding the fire impacts of thermal troughs, and Jeff Baars and Rick Steed for technical support in downloading, analyzing, and displaying the NARR data. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 140 IS 12 BP 3820 EP 3843 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00078.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 048XA UT WOS:000311945300002 ER PT J AU Yocum, GD Rinehart, JP Boetel, MA AF Yocum, George D. Rinehart, Joseph P. Boetel, Mark A. TI Water balance in the sugarbeet root maggot Tetanops myopaeformis, during long-term low-temperature storage and after freezing SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diapause; low-temperature storage; overwintering; sugarbeet root maggot; Tetanops myopaeformis; water loss rates ID COLD-STORAGE; DIPTERA; DIAPAUSE; OTITIDAE; SURVIVAL AB The sugarbeet root maggot Tetanops myopaeformis Roder (Diptera: Ulidiidae) can be stored in moist sand at 46 degrees C for up to 5 years and is freeze-tolerant. The majority of stored larvae survive in a state of post-diapause quiescence and the remainder are in a multi-year diapause. The present study aims to determine larval water content and water loss rates in diapausing and low-temperature stored larvae. Body water content ranges from 57% to 70.1%. Two distinct groupings of larvae are revealed based on dry weights. The first group consists of the diapausing larvae and larvae stored for 1 year. This group has significantly higher dry weights than the second grouping, which consists of the larvae stored for 2 and 3 years. There are no significant differences within each group. Larval water losses follow a first-order kinetic relationship with time. Larvae stored for 2 years lose water at a significantly higher rate than diapausing larvae. Larvae exhibit no active water uptake at storage temperatures. A freezing event does not induce a significant decrease in wet weights, nor does it increase larval water loss rates. These results indicate that metabolic water and the microclimate during storage are key factors enabling the long-term survival of T. myopaeformis larvae during low-temperature storage, and may provide insights for maintaining other insect species under similar conditions. C1 [Yocum, George D.; Rinehart, Joseph P.] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Boetel, Mark A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Yocum, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd,POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM george.yocum@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 37 IS 4 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2012.00848.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 043UT UT WOS:000311575800007 ER PT J AU Bolton, MD Rivera-Varas, V Mendoza, LED Khan, MFR Secor, GA AF Bolton, Melvin D. Rivera-Varas, Viviana Mendoza, Luis E. del Rio Khan, Mohamed F. R. Secor, Gary A. TI Efficacy of Variable Tetraconazole Rates Against Cercospora beticola Isolates with Differing In Vitro Sensitivities to DMI Fungicides SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DEMETHYLATION-INHIBITING FUNGICIDES; CROSS-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; SUGAR-BEET; STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE; GENE CYP51; STRAINS; BENZIMIDAZOLE; POPULATIONS; GRAMINICOLA; SACC. AB Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet is caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola. CLS management practices include the application of the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides tetraconazole, difenoconazole, and prothioconazole. Evaluating resistance to DMIs is a major focus for CLS fungicide resistance management. Isolates were collected in 1997 and 1998 (baseline sensitivity to tetraconazole, prothioconazole, or difenoconazole) and 2007 through 2010 from the major sugar-beet-growing regions of Minnesota and North Dakota and assessed for in vitro sensitivity to two or three DMI fungicides. Most (47%) isolates collected in 1997-98 exhibited 50% effective concentration (EC50) values for tetraconazole of <0.01 mu g ml(-1), whereas no isolates could be found in this EC50 range in 2010. Since 2007, annual median and mean tetraconazole EC50 values have generally been increasing, and the frequency of isolates with EC50 values >0.11 mu g m(-1) increased from 2008 to 2010. In contrast, the frequency of isolates with EC50 values for prothioconazole of >1.0 mu g ml(-1) has been decreasing since 2007. Annual median difenoconazole EC50 values appears to be stable, although annual mean EC50 values generally have been increasing for this fungicide. Although EC50 values are import ant for gauging fungicide sensitivity trends, a rigorous comparison of the relationship between in vitro EC50 values and loss of fungicide efficacy in planta has not been conducted for C. beticola. To explore this, 12 isolates exhibiting a wide range of tetraconazole EC50 values were inoculated to sugar beet but no tetraconazole was applied. No relationship was found between isolate EC50 value and disease severity. To assess whether EC50 values are related to fungicide efficacy in planta, sugar beet plants were sprayed with various dilutions of Eminent. the commercial formulation of tetraconazole, and subsequently inoculated with isolates that exhibited very low, medium, or high tetraconazole EC50 values. The high EC50 isolate caused significantly more disease than isolates with medium or very low EC50 values at the field application rate and most reduced rates. Because in vitro sensitivity testing is typically carried out with the active ingredient of the commercial fungicide, we investigated whether loss of disease control was the same for tetraconazole as for the commercial product Eminent. The high EC50 isolate caused more disease on plants treated with tetraconazole than Eminent but disease severity was not different between plants inoculated with the very low EC50 isolate. C1 [Bolton, Melvin D.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Bolton, Melvin D.; Rivera-Varas, Viviana; Mendoza, Luis E. del Rio; Khan, Mohamed F. R.; Secor, Gary A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Khan, Mohamed F. R.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bolton, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Melvin.Bolton@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS project [5442-22000-042-00D]; Sugarbeet Research and Education Board of Minnesota and North Dakota; Beet Sugar Development Foundation FX This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5442-22000-042-00D and grants from the Sugarbeet Research and Education Board of Minnesota and North Dakota and the Beet Sugar Development Foundation. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1749 EP 1756 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-12-0255-RE PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 042HQ UT WOS:000311462700005 ER PT J AU Gachango, E Hanson, LE Rojas, A Hao, JJ Kirk, WW AF Gachango, E. Hanson, L. E. Rojas, A. Hao, J. J. Kirk, W. W. TI Fusarium spp. Causing Dry Rot of Seed Potato Tubers in Michigan and Their Sensitivity to Fungicides SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID 1ST REPORT; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; SPROUT ROT; RESISTANCE; THIABENDAZOLE; SAMBUCINUM; DECAY; CUT AB A survey of seed potato tubers in Michigan seed production storage facilities was carried out during 2009 and 2010. Fusarium spp. associated with tuber dry rot symptoms were identified to species and tested for sensitivity to difenoconazole, fludioxonil, and thiabendazole. Symptomatic tubers (n = 370) were collected from a total of 51 seed lots, from which 228 isolates of Fusarium were recovered and identified to 11 species. Fusarium oxysporum was the most commonly isolated species (30.3%), followed by F. eguiseti (19.3%). F. sambucinum and F. avenaceum were third most prevalent (each at 13.6%). Less prevalent species (each at 4 to 10%) included F cerealis, F solani, and F. acuminatum; and species present at <= 3% included F. sporotrichioides, F. torulosum, F. tricinctum, and F. graminearum. Representative isolates of all species were pathogenic when inoculated onto seed tubers ('Dark Red Norland'). Isolates of F. sambucinum were the most virulent. All 228 isolates of Fusarium were sensitive to difenoconazole (effective fungicide concentration that caused 50% inhibition of mycelia! growth [EC50] < 5 mg/liter). Insensitivity to fludioxonil (EC50 > 100 mg/liter) was detected only for F. sambucinum and F. axysporum isolates at 8.9 and 20.4%, respectively. All isolates were sensitive to thiabendazole (EC50 < 5 mg/liter), except for those of F. sambucinum (EC50 > 100 mg/liter). Therefore, knowledge of what Fusarium spp. are present in seed potato storage facilities in Michigan may be important if using fludioxonil or thiabendazole for seed piece treatment but not when using difenoconazole. C1 [Gachango, E.; Hanson, L. E.; Rojas, A.; Hao, J. J.; Kirk, W. W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hanson, L. E.] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kirk, WW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kirkw@msu.edu RI Rojas, J Alejandro/D-9273-2016 OI Rojas, J Alejandro/0000-0001-5492-5963 FU Michigan AgBioResearch GREEEN (Generating Research and Extension to meet Economic and Environmental Needs) Project [GR 08/071]; Michigan Potato Industry Commission; Quad State Potato Group [NCERA 211]; CSREES Hatch Project [MICL01966] FX This research was funded, in part, by the Michigan AgBioResearch GREEEN (Generating Research and Extension to meet Economic and Environmental Needs) Project GR 08/071, Michigan Potato Industry Commission, and supported in principal by the NCERA 211 (Quad State Potato Group), CSREES Hatch Project Number MICL01966, and the Michigan Potato Industry Commission. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1767 EP 1774 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-11-0932-RE PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 042HQ UT WOS:000311462700008 ER PT J AU Zacaroni, AB Koike, ST de Souza, RM Bull, CT AF Zacaroni, A. B. Koike, S. T. de Souza, R. M. Bull, C. T. TI Bacterial Leaf Spot of Radicchio (Cichorium intybus) is caused by Xanthomonas hortorum. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Zacaroni, A. B.] Univ Fed Lavras, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Zacaroni, AB (reprint author), Univ Fed Lavras, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1820 EP 1820 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-12-0672-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 042HQ UT WOS:000311462700021 ER PT J AU Rooney-Latham, S Bischoff, JF AF Rooney-Latham, S. Bischoff, J. F. TI First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera euphorbiae-hirtae on Euphorbia tithymaloides in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Rooney-Latham, S.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Bischoff, J. F.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1822 EP 1822 DI 10.1094/PDIS-05-12-0461-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 042HQ UT WOS:000311462700027 ER PT J AU Peter, KA Vico, I Gaskins, V Janisiewicz, WJ Saftner, RA Jurick, WM AF Peter, K. A. Vico, I. Gaskins, V. Janisiewicz, W. J. Saftner, R. A. Jurick, W. M., II TI First Report of Penicillium carneum Causing Blue Mold on Stored Apples in Pennsylvania SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Peter, K. A.; Gaskins, V.; Saftner, R. A.; Jurick, W. M., II] ARS, Food Qual Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Vico, I.] Univ Belgrade, Dept Phytomed, Belgrade, Serbia. [Janisiewicz, W. J.] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1823 EP 1824 DI 10.1094/PDIS-06-12-0541-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 042HQ UT WOS:000311462700031 ER PT J AU Hobbs, HA Domier, LL Nelson, BD AF Hobbs, H. A. Domier, L. L. Nelson, B. D. TI First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus and Soybean dwarf virus on Soybean in North Dakota. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Domier, L. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nelson, B. D.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1829 EP 1829 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-12-0673-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 042HQ UT WOS:000311462700045 ER PT J AU Caesar, AJ Lartey, RT Caesar-TonThat, T AF Caesar, A. J. Lartey, R. T. Caesar-TonThat, T. TI First Report of Pilidium concavum Causing Root Lesions of Meadow Hawkweed in France SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Caesar, A. J.; Lartey, R. T.; Caesar-TonThat, T.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1830 EP 1830 DI 10.1094/PDIS-05-12-0509-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 042HQ UT WOS:000311462700048 ER PT J AU Motilal, LA Zhang, DP Umaharan, P Boccara, M Mischke, S Sankar, A Meinhardt, LW AF Motilal, Lambert A. Zhang, Dapeng Umaharan, Pathmanathan Boccara, Michel Mischke, Sue Sankar, Antoinette Meinhardt, Lyndel W. TI Elucidation of genetic identity and population structure of cacao germplasm within an international cacao genebank SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Article DE cocoa; conservation; field genebank; mislabelling; population structure; tree identity ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; THEOBROMA-CACAO; COCOA-GENEBANK; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; L. GERMPLASM; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; TRINIDAD; DIVERSITY; COLLECTION AB Theobroma cacao L., or cacao, is the source of cocoa products used in the making of chocolate. These tropical trees are conserved in living genebanks. The International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad is one of the largest ex situ collections in the public domain. Mislabelling is a critical problem and the correction of this problem is vital to improve the accuracy and efficiency of genebank management. Using microsatellite DNA markers, we assessed the level of mislabelling in a group of Refractario cacao that originated from Ecuador and determined their population memberships through Bayesian clustering analysis. The microsatellite data revealed a synonymous rate of 7.5% and an error rate of 39.4% in this germplasm subset. The analysis of the population structure grouped the Refractario accessions into four subclusters, indicating intra-population heterogeneity in this germplasm group. Based on the results, we recommend that when the assignment test is used for cacao genotype identification, it should (a) use duplicated samples as internal checks, (b) choose suitable reference accessions, including a known homogeneous group and (c) employ subclustering checks to obtain reliable results. The information framework generated is discussed in relation to the management of the collection, population enhancement and future research of the collection. C1 [Motilal, Lambert A.; Umaharan, Pathmanathan; Boccara, Michel; Sankar, Antoinette] Univ W Indies, Cocoa Res Unit, St Augustine, Trinidad, Trinid & Tobago. [Zhang, Dapeng; Mischke, Sue; Meinhardt, Lyndel W.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, SPCL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Boccara, Michel] Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev CIRAD, Biol Syst Dept, Unite Mixte Rech Dev & Ameliorat Plantes UMR DAP, Montpellier, France. RP Motilal, LA (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Cocoa Res Unit, St Augustine, Trinidad, Trinid & Tobago. EM lamotilal@yahoo.com FU Government of Trinidad and Tobago Research Development Fund FX Thanks to Ms Alisha Omar-Ali for assisting with DNA extractions and to Mr Stephen Pinney for his assistance with the electrophoresis work. Ms Zainab Ali and Mr Kasey Gordon are thanked for their assistance with data entry. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for critiquing the manuscript. This research was made possible in part by a grant from the Government of Trinidad and Tobago Research Development Fund. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1479-2621 J9 PLANT GENET RESOUR-C JI Plant Genet. Resour.-Charact. Util. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 10 IS 3 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1017/S1479262112000305 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 045GR UT WOS:000311683900009 ER PT J AU Purswell, JL Evans, JD Leigh, SA Collier, SD Olanrewaju, HA Kim, EJ Pharr, GT Peebles, ED Branton, SL AF Purswell, J. L. Evans, J. D. Leigh, S. A. Collier, S. D. Olanrewaju, H. A. Kim, E. J. Pharr, G. T. Peebles, E. D. Branton, S. L. TI Mycoplasma gallisepticum transmission: Comparison of commercial F-strain vaccine versus layer complex-derived field strains in a tunnel ventilated house SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poultry; disease; mycoplasmosis; broiler; turkey ID EGG QUALITY PARAMETERS; 44-WEEK LAYING CYCLE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DUAL INFECTION; CHICKENS; VIRULENCE; TS-11; HENS; IMMUNOGENICITY; CHALLENGE AB Two simultaneous trials were conducted using a commercially available, live, F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) vaccine (trial 1) or 2 inocula of layer complex-derived MG strains (LCD-MG; trial 2). In each of the 2 trials, 4 commercial turkeys were housed in each of 2 adjoining pens immediately adjacent to air inlets. The turkeys (8/trial) were inoculated in the right eye with either a 1 x dose of FMG (trial 1) or with 0.02 mL of 1 of 2 actively growing LCD-MG inocula (4 turkeys/inoculum; trial 2). In each of the 2 trials, one pen housing 4 inoculated turkeys was maintained without the addition of other poultry, whereas 16 MG-free broilers and 4 MG-free layers were added to the other pen of 4 inoculated turkeys. Within each of the trials and at increasing intervals, either 4 layers (3 pens) or 4 turkeys (3 pens) were placed down-airstream from the inoculated pens. The distance of the first pen from the inoculated turkeys was separated by the width of one pen that was empty. Succeeding down-airstream pens were situated such that the empty distance (absence of any poultry) between pens that contained poultry doubled from one pen to the next such that the final pen that contained poultry had 4 empty pens between it and the next up-airstream pen that also contained poultry. At 106 d postinoculation, all poultry were bled, swabbed for MG from the choanal cleft, and then euthanized and necropsied. No commingled poultry in trial 1 (FMG), whether inoculated (turkeys) or commingled (layers and broilers), died during the course of the trial, and 5 of the 8 FMG-vaccinated turkeys exhibited serological but not cultural evidence of mycoplasmosis. In trial 2 (LCD-MG), 2 commingled broilers died and no inoculated turkeys exhibited either serological or cultural evidence of mycoplasmosis. In both trials, no poultry housed down-airstream from the inoculated poultry showed evidence of clinical signs of mycocplasmosis and none showed either serological or cultural evidence of mycoplasmosis. C1 [Purswell, J. L.; Evans, J. D.; Leigh, S. A.; Collier, S. D.; Olanrewaju, H. A.; Kim, E. J.; Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Pharr, G. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Peebles, E. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Poultry Sci Dept, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Branton, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Scott.branton@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3072 EP 3079 DI 10.3382/ps.2012-02619 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 044TX UT WOS:000311647700010 PM 23155015 ER PT J AU Faber, TA Dilger, RN Hopkins, AC Price, NP Fahey, GC AF Faber, T. A. Dilger, R. N. Hopkins, A. C. Price, N. P. Fahey, G. C., Jr. TI Effects of oligosaccharides in a soybean meal-based diet on fermentative and immune responses in broiler chicks challenged with Eimeria acervulina SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chick; coccidiosis; cytokine; galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide; soybean meal ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; GGMO-AX COMPLEX; GENE-EXPRESSION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; HEALTH-BENEFITS; FIBER; INFECTION; DISEASE AB Fermentable oligosaccharides, particularly those found in soybean meal (SBM), may modulate fermentation in the ceca, thus affecting intestinal immune responses to intestinal pathogens. We hypothesized that fermentable oligosaccharides found in SBM would positively affect cecal fermentation and intestinal immune status in chicks challenged with an acute coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina) infection and fed either a SBM-based diet or a semi-purified soy protein isolate- (SPI) based diet. Using a completely randomized design, 1-d-old broiler chicks (n = 200; 5 replications/treatment; 5 chicks/replication) were assigned to 1 of 4 SBM- or SPI-based diets containing either dietary cellulose (4%) or a fermentable carbohydrate, galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide-arabinoxylan (GGMO-AX) complex (4%). On d 9 posthatch, an equal number of chicks on each diet were inoculated with either distilled water (sham control) or E. acervulina (1 x 10(6) oocysts) and then euthanized on d 7 postinoculation. Overall, body weight gain and feed intake were greater (P < 0.01) for SBM-fed chicks, regardless of infection status. Gain:feed ratio was greater (P <= 0.05) for SPI-fed chicks except during d 3-7 postinoculation. Infection status, but not fiber source, affected propionate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and total branched-chain fatty acid concentrations (P <= 0.02). Soybean meal-based diets resulted in greater (P <= 0.04) short-chain fatty acid and branched-chain fatty acid concentrations than SPI-based diets. Messenger RNA fold changes relative to uninfected SBM-cellulose-fed chicks of all duodenal cytokines were greater (P <= 0.01) for infected chicks, and SBM-fed chicks had greater (P < 0.01) interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 beta expression compared with SPI-fed chicks. Cecal tonsil cytokine expression was also affected (P <= 0.02) by infection; however, protein source only affected (P < 0.01) interleukin-1 beta expression in this tissue. Overall, a SBM-based diet, compared with a semi-purified SPI-based diet with a different ingredient composition, resulted in greater weight gain, feed intake, and short-chain fatty acid production regardless of infection status, and also greater duodenal cytokine expression in E. acervulina- infected chicks, which is hypothesized to be related to the nutrients and oligosaccharides found in SBM. C1 [Faber, T. A.; Dilger, R. N.; Fahey, G. C., Jr.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hopkins, A. C.] Temple Inland, Diboll, TX 75941 USA. [Price, N. P.] USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dilger, RN (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rdilger2@illinois.edu OI Dilger, Ryan/0000-0003-2538-2845 FU Temple-Inland, Diboll, TX FX Supported, in part, by Temple-Inland, Diboll, TX 75941. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 23 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3132 EP 3140 DI 10.3382/ps.2012-02364 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 044TX UT WOS:000311647700018 PM 23155023 ER PT J AU Liu, J Cheng, KM Purdy, PH Silversides, FG AF Liu, J. Cheng, K. M. Purdy, P. H. Silversides, F. G. TI A simple vitrification method for cryobanking avian testicular tissue SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Japanese quail; testicular tissue; vitrification; vascularization ID EMBRYO CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE; HUMAN OVARIAN TISSUE; USEFUL TOOL; CRYOPRESERVATION; CHICKEN; SEMEN; CELLS AB Cryopreservation of testicular tissue is a promising method of preserving male reproductive potential for avian species. This study was conducted to assess whether a vitrification method can be used to preserve avian testicular tissue, using the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as a model. A simple vitrification method that included dimethyl sulphoxide, ethylene glycol, and sucrose as cryoprotective agents, and allowed the storage of tissue in a sealed macrotube was applied to the testicular tissue from 1-wk-old Japanese quail. The vitrified tissue was warmed at room temperature or at 40 degrees C. After warming, tissue was implanted onto the chorioallantoic membrane of 8- to 9-d-old chicken embryos and the vascularization of the grafts was evaluated. When compared with fresh tissue, the tissue that had been warmed at 40 degrees C showed no difference in vascularization. The tissue that had been warmed at room temperature was significantly less vascularized than the fresh tissue. Vitrification of testicular tissue and storage in macrotubes provide a promising model for preservation and recovery of male germplasm of avian species. C1 [Liu, J.; Silversides, F. G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Agassiz Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. [Liu, J.; Cheng, K. M.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Purdy, P. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Silversides, FG (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Agassiz Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. EM Fred.Silversides@agr.gc.ca FU Poultry Industry Council; Canadian Poultry Research Council; Egg Farmers of Canada FX This research was supported by a grant from Poultry Industry Council, Canadian Poultry Research Council and Egg Farmers of Canada. We thank Cameron Carnegie, Harold Hanson, Kathy Ingram, Mairi Robertson, Mike Duncan, and Wendy Clark of the Agassiz Research Centre for taking care of the experimental birds. Toni Forge and Sheila Fitzpatrick (Agassiz Research Centre) are also acknowledged for providing equipment for microphotography. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3209 EP 3213 DI 10.3382/ps.2012-02454 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 044TX UT WOS:000311647700027 PM 23155032 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Perez-Diaz, IM Hayes, JS Breidt, F AF Lu, Z. Perez-Diaz, I. M. Hayes, J. S. Breidt, F. TI Bacteriophage Ecology in a Commercial Cucumber Fermentation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM BACTERIOPHAGE; LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES; SAUERKRAUT FERMENTATIONS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; DNA; VEGETABLES; PHI-JL-1 AB To reduce high-salt waste from cucumber fermentations, low-salt fermentations are under development. These fermentations may require the use of starter cultures to ensure normal fermentations. Because potential phage infection can cause starter culture failure, it is important to understand phage ecology in the fermentations. This study investigated the phage ecology in a commercial cucumber fermentation. Brine samples taken from a fermentation tank over a 90-day period were plated onto de-Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar plates. A total of 576 lactic acid bacterial isolates were randomly selected to serve as potential hosts for phage isolation. Filtered brine served as a phage source. Fifty-seven independent phage isolates were obtained, indicating that 10% of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to phage attack. Phage hosts include Lactobacillus brevis (67% of all hosts), Lactobacillus plantarum (21%), Weissella paramesenteroides, Weissella cibaria, and Pediococcus ethanolidurans. Nearly 50% of phages were isolated on day 14, and the majority of them attacked L. brevis. Some phages had a broad host range and were capable of infecting multiple hosts in two genera. Other phages were species specific or strain specific. About 30% of phage isolates produced turbid pinpoint plaques or only caused reduced cell growth on the bacterial lawns. Six phages with distinct host ranges were characterized. The data from this study showed that abundant and diverse phages were present in the commercial cucumber fermentation, which could cause significant mortality to the lactic acid bacteria population. Therefore, a phage control strategy may be needed in low-salt cucumber fermentations. C1 [Lu, Z.] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. [Perez-Diaz, I. M.; Hayes, J. S.; Breidt, F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Perez-Diaz, I. M.; Hayes, J. S.; Breidt, F.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. EM jean_lu@kennesaw.edu NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 78 IS 24 BP 8571 EP 8578 DI 10.1128/AEM.01914-12 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 038ZS UT WOS:000311213200009 PM 23023756 ER PT J AU McCormick, SP Price, NPJ Kurtzman, CP AF McCormick, Susan P. Price, Neil P. J. Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI Glucosylation and Other Biotransformations of T-2 Toxin by Yeasts of the Trichomonascus Clade SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WHEAT; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS; FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; UDP-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; RUMEN MICROORGANISMS; MASKED MYCOTOXINS; DEOXYNIVALENOL; METABOLISM; IDENTIFICATION AB Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid toxins produced by Fusarium species. Since these mycotoxins are very stable, there is interest in microbial transformations that can remove toxins from contaminated grain or cereal products. Twenty-three yeast species assigned to the Trichomonascus clade (Saccharomycotina, Ascomycota), including four Trichomonascus species and 19 anamorphic species presently classified in Blastobotrys, were tested for their ability to convert the trichothecene T-2 toxin to less-toxic products. These species gave three types of biotransformations: acetylation to 3-acetyl T-2 toxin, glycosylation to T-2 toxin 3-glucoside, and removal of the isovaleryl group to form neosolaniol. Some species gave more than one type of biotransformation. Three Blastobotrys species converted T-2 toxin into T-2 toxin 3-glucoside, a compound that has been identified as a masked mycotoxin in Fusarium-infected grain. This is the first report of a microbial whole-cell method for producing trichothecene glycosides, and the potential large-scale availability of T-2 toxin 3-glucoside will facilitate toxicity testing and development of methods for detection of this compound in agricultural and other products. C1 [McCormick, Susan P.; Kurtzman, Cletus P.] USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL USA. [Price, Neil P. J.] USDA, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL USA. RP McCormick, SP (reprint author), USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL USA. EM susan.mccormick@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 78 IS 24 BP 8694 EP 8702 DI 10.1128/AEM.02391-12 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 038ZS UT WOS:000311213200023 PM 23042183 ER PT J AU Thongtang, N Lin, JX Schaefer, EJ Lowe, RS Tomassini, JE Shah, AK Tershakovec, AM AF Thongtang, Nuntakorn Lin, Jianxin Schaefer, Ernst J. Lowe, Robert S. Tomassini, Joanne E. Shah, Arvind K. Tershakovec, Andrew M. TI Effects of ezetimibe added to statin therapy on markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis and LDL-C lowering in hyperlipidemic patients SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Non-cholesterol sterol; Lathosterol; beta-sitosterol; Statin potency; Dyslipidemia ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HMG-COA REDUCTASE; PRIMARY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; NONCHOLESTEROL STEROLS; APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; CLINICAL-TRIALS; ADD-ON; SIMVASTATIN AB Objective: Statins inhibit cholesterol synthesis but can upregulate cholesterol absorption, with higher doses producing larger effects. Ezetimibe inhibits cholesterol absorption but also upregulates synthesis. We tested whether ezetimibe added to on-going statin therapy would be most effective in lowering LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in subjects on high-potency statins and whether these effects would be related to alterations in cholesterol absorption (beta-sitosterol) and synthesis (lathosterol) markers. Methods: Hypercholesterolemic subjects (n = 874) on statins received ezetimibe 10 mg/day. Plasma lipids, lathosterol, and b-sitosterol were measured at baseline and on treatment. Subjects were divided into low- (n = 133), medium-(n = 582), and high- (n = 159) statin potency groups defined by predicted LDL-C-lowering effects of each ongoing statin type and dose (reductions of similar to 20-30%, similar to 31-45%, or similar to 46-55%, respectively). Results: The high-potency group had significantly lower baseline lathosterol (1.93 vs. 2.58 vs. 3.17 mu mol/l; p < 0.001) and higher baseline beta-sitosterol values (6.21 vs. 4.58 vs. 4.51 mu mol/l, p < 0.001) than medium-/low-potency groups. Ezetimibe treatment in the high-potency group produced significantly greater reductions from baseline in LDL-C than medium-/low-potency groups (-29.1% vs. -25.0% vs. -22.7%; p < 0.001) when evaluating unadjusted data. These effects and group differences were significantly (p < 0.05) related to greater beta-sitosterol reductions and smaller lathosterol increases. However, LDL-C reduction differences between groups were no longer significant after controlling for placebo effects, due mainly to modest LDL-C lowering by placebo in the high-potency group. Conclusion: Patients on high-potency statins have the lowest levels of cholesterol synthesis markers and the highest levels of cholesterol absorption markers at baseline, and the greatest reduction in absorption markers and the smallest increases in synthesis markers with ezetimibe addition. Therefore, such patients may be good candidates for ezetimibe therapy if additional LDL-C lowering is needed. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thongtang, Nuntakorn; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Thongtang, Nuntakorn] Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Lin, Jianxin; Lowe, Robert S.; Tomassini, Joanne E.; Shah, Arvind K.; Tershakovec, Andrew M.] Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Whitehouse Stn, NJ 08889 USA. RP Tershakovec, AM (reprint author), Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, 351 N Sumneytown Pike, N Wales, PA 19454 USA. EM nuntakorn.thongtang@tufts.edu; jianxin.lin@merck.com; ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu; robert.lowe@merck.com; joanne.tomassini@merck.com; arvind.shah@merck.com; andrew.tershakovec@merck.com FU Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; National Institutes of Health [R01 HL-60935, HL 74753, PO50HL083813]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-3K-06]; Merck Sharp Dohme Corp. FX This study was supported by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA. N.T. received a post-doctoral fellowship from the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. E.J.S. was supported by grants R01 HL-60935, HL 74753, and PO50HL083813 from the National Institutes of Health and contract 53-3K-06 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service.; The study was designed by scientists at Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., including R. S. L., J.E.T, and A. M. T. as an ancillary substudy to the EASE (Ezetimibe Add-on to Statin for Effectiveness) study. The overall study, the gas chromatography analysis, and other aspects of the study were supported by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. The data analysis plan was formulated by E.J.S., N.T., J.L., A. K. S, R. S. L., J.E.T., and A. M. T., and the statistical analysis was performed by J.L. and A. K. S. The manuscript was written by N.T. with input and assistance from all authors, as well as editorial support by Martha Carroll Vollmer, MA of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of any organization including the National Institutes of Health, the U. S. Department of Agriculture, or Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD DEC PY 2012 VL 225 IS 2 BP 388 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.001 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 040SV UT WOS:000311344700043 PM 23040830 ER PT J AU Pfannenstiel, RS Patt, JM AF Pfannenstiel, R. S. Patt, J. M. TI Feeding on nectar and honeydew sugars improves survivorship of two nocturnal cursorial spiders SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Extrafloral nectar; Foraging; Non-prey resources; Spider ID INCLUSUM ARANEAE MITURGIDAE; WANDERING SPIDERS; SURVIVAL; PLANT; SALTICIDAE; EGGS AB Sugars from extrafloral nectar and honeydew may be important resources for nocturnal cursorial spiders such as Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) and Hibana futilis (Banks). C. inclusum spiderlings given only water survived an average of 6.1 d. When provided with cotton extrafloral nectar and mealybug honeydew, their survivorship was extended to an average of 52.6 and 37.9 d, respectively (870% and 626% increases). Choice tests demonstrated conclusively that spiders fed on nectar, honeydew and sugar solutions to obtain nutrients, and not simply to obtain moisture. Component sugars of extrafloral nectar (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and honeydews (maltose, melezitose and raffinose) were equally acceptable for feeding by H. futilis, but not for C. inclusum. Maltose was fed on by C. inclusum for significantly shorter periods than the other plant and honeydew sugars. Consumption of each of the individual sugars by H. futilis improved spiderling survival significantly over water, but less for raffinose than for the other sugars. The percent improvement in mean H. futilis survival over water alone varied from 394% for raffinose (mean = 16.6 d) to 1414% for maltose (mean = 56.9 d). The remaining four sugars extended survival greater than 1079%. That spiderlings survived for weeks on diets comprised only of individual sugars indicates that the availability of nectar and honeydew can be of considerable importance to the survivorship of cursorial spiders in the field. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pfannenstiel, R. S.; Patt, J. M.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Pfannenstiel, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM Bob.Pfannenstiel@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.07.013 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 041VM UT WOS:000311429300001 ER PT J AU Patt, JM Pfannenstiel, RS Meikle, WG Adamczyk, JJ AF Patt, Joseph M. Pfannenstiel, Robert S. Meikle, William G. Adamczyk, John J. TI Supplemental diets containing yeast, sucrose, and soy powder enhance the survivorship, growth, and development of prey-limited cursorial spiders SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Artificial diet; Mass rearing; Nutritional ecology; Nectarivory; Omnivory; Conservation biological control; Hibana futilis; Anyphaenidae; Sac spider ID INCLUSUM ARANEAE MITURGIDAE; HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; GENERALIST PREDATOR; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WANDERING SPIDERS; NATURAL MORTALITY; ARTIFICIAL DIETS; COST-ANALYSIS; LIFE-HISTORY; NECTAR AB We examined the effects of a supplemental diet mixture (SDM) and its individual ingredients (sucrose, yeasts, and toasted soy flour) on the survivorship, growth, and development of a cursorial spider, Hibana futilis Banks (Anyphaenidae). Some treatments included limited numbers of Helicoverpa zea eggs, a favored prey. This approach highlighted the relative nutritional contributions of the supplemental diet ingredients, especially under conditions of prey limitation, and showed whether these spiders could be reared on minimal prey augmented with supplemental diet. Spiders fed either 5 or 15 eggs became prey-limited during their first and second molts, respectively. When deprived of prey but provisioned with either sucrose or SDM, spiders persisted as first instar nymphs for weeks, but while sucrose-fed nymphs never molted, those fed SDM typically molted 2-3 times. When SDM was added to the diet, spiders that had fed on as few as 50 eggs could reproduce successfully. Binary mixtures of sucrose plus either baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E. C. Hansen) or toasted soy flour were more effective in promoting growth and development in prey-limited spiders than any of the three ingredients of SDM alone. Active baker's yeast was more effective than dried powdered brewer's yeast at supporting development. These results suggest two possibilities for managing cursorial spiders: (1) Supplemental diet mixtures could be applied as a food spray to promote their conservation in crops; and, (2) A mass rearing diet could be made from a minimal amount of prey plus two or three inexpensive, supplemental diet ingredients. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Patt, Joseph M.; Pfannenstiel, Robert S.; Meikle, William G.; Adamczyk, John J.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Patt, JM (reprint author), UDSA ARS KSARC, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM joseph.patt@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX We thank F. de la Fuenta, O. Zamora, G. Vasquez, A. Gomezplata, A. Fike, D. Stockton, and A. Ramirez for technical support. We are grateful to Ron Whitehurst at Rincon-Vitova Insectaries for providing SDM and diet ingredient samples and for technical information. The manuscript was greatly improved by reviews from N. Malik, J. Lundgren and two anonymous reviewers. The study was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA for its use. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.02.004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 041VM UT WOS:000311429300002 ER PT J AU Xiao, YF Avery, P Chen, JJ McKenzie, C Osborne, L AF Xiao, Yingfang Avery, Pasco Chen, Jianjun McKenzie, Cindy Osborne, Lance TI Ornamental pepper as banker plants for establishment of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for biological control of multiple pests in greenhouse vegetable production SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Banker plant system; Biological control; Vegetable crops; Ornamental pepper plants; Amblyseius swirskii; Bemisia tabaci; Scirtothrips dorsalis ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; PREDATORY MITE; BEMISIA-TABACI; CONTROL AGENTS; WHITEFLIES; FOOD; ALEYRODIDAE; TRANSPLANTS; RESISTANCE; TRICHOMES AB Silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), are key pests of vegetable crops in the US. The present study established ornamental peppers as banker plants supporting Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) against the three pests. Specifically, this study (a) evaluated survival and population buildup of A. swirskii on three ornamental pepper varieties, Masquerade (MA), Red Missile (RM), and Explosive Ember (EE) in both laboratory and greenhouses and (b) determined the predation of A. swirskii reared on ornamental pepper plants to the targeted pests under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the three pepper varieties were excellent banker plants and able to support at least similar to 1000 of all stages of A. swirskii per plant in greenhouse conditions and allow them to complete their life cycle. A. swirskii dispersed or released from the banker plants to target plants, resulting in significant suppression of the three pests, i.e., after 14 d post-release, a significantly lower average of 2.75 B. tabaci and 13.4 all stages of thrips (chilli thrips and western flower thrips) were found per bean plant, respectively, compared to 379.5 B. tabaci and 235.4 all stages of thrips per plant in the control. Furthermore, our experiment observed that the sweet pepper seedlings closed to banker plants were healthy, whereas those without banker plants were heavily infested by chilli thrips; their growth seriously stunted or died. This is the first report of ornamental pepper as banker plants supporting A. swirskii against three notorious pests. This established banker plant system could be a new addition to the integrated pest management programs for sustainable control of these three pests in greenhouse vegetables. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xiao, Yingfang; Chen, Jianjun; Osborne, Lance] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [Avery, Pasco] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [McKenzie, Cindy] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Chen, Jianjun] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Xiao, YF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. EM yfxiao@ufl.edu FU EPA; USDA/T-STAR; USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative; IFAS/UF FX The authors would like to thank Irma Herrera, Fabieli Irizarry, and Younes Belmourd for their technical assistance. Funding for this study was supported by grants from the EPA, USDA/T-STAR, the USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative, and IFAS/UF Line Item grants program. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 77 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.09.007 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 041VM UT WOS:000311429300007 ER PT J AU Sivakoff, FS Rosenheim, JA Hagler, JR AF Sivakoff, Frances S. Rosenheim, Jay A. Hagler, James R. TI Relative dispersal ability of a key agricultural pest and its predators in an annual agroecosystem SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Colonization; Lygus spp.; Mark-capture; Mean distance flown; Protein marking ID LYGUS-HESPERUS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COLONIZATION RATES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; DIFFUSION-MODEL; NATURAL ENEMIES; PREY AB In predator-prey interactions, a widely held view is that prey species have higher dispersal rates relative to their predators and are thereby able to escape from predation by colonizing habitats before their predators. Despite major implications for predator-prey interactions, community assembly, and biological control, this view has rarely been tested, and measuring relative dispersal abilities is often complicated by colonizing predators and prey originating from different locations. In California's San Joaquin Valley, the periodic harvest of alfalfa presents an opportunity to measure dispersal of a key generalist pest, Lygus spp., relative to a suite of its generalist predators. We performed a large-scale mark-capture study by marking a mature alfalfa field containing Lygus and its predators with an aerial application of a protein marker. The alfalfa was then harvested by the grower, prompting a dispersal event. At several times following harvest, surrounding cotton fields were sampled at known distances from the marked field to quantify movement by Lygus and its predators. Contrary to the general view, our data do not suggest that Lygus routinely out-disperses its suite of predators. Instead, the mean dispersal distance for Lygus fell near the average dispersal distances of its predators. Implications for biological control are discussed in light of these results, and the importance of predators' trophic strategy is stressed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sivakoff, Frances S.; Rosenheim, Jay A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hagler, James R.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Sivakoff, FS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Frances_Sivakoff@ncsu.edu; JARosenheim@ucdavis.edu; James.Hagler@ars.usda.gov FU STAR by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP91-6838]; USDA (RAMP) [ARZT-358320-G-30-505]; van den Bosch Memorial Scholarship FX We thank the Hagler and Rosenheim lab and field crews for their assistance, and Bowles Farming Company, Buttonwillow Land and Cattle, and J.G. Boswell Company for allowing us to sample on their ranches. N. Haddad, M. Holyoak, N. Williams, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This publication was developed under a STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement No. FP91-6838 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to F. S. S. It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors and EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. Support was also provided by a grant from the USDA (RAMP Grant ARZT-358320-G-30-505) and a van den Bosch Memorial Scholarship to F.S.S. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 91 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.09.008 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 041VM UT WOS:000311429300009 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Zhu, L Gu, X Wheeler, GS Purcell, M Ding, JQ AF Wang, Yi Zhu, Lin Gu, Xue Wheeler, Gregory S. Purcell, Matthew Ding, Jianqing TI Pre-release assessment of Gadirtha inexacta, a proposed biological control agent of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) in the United States SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Impact; Repeated defoliation; Light; Shade; Insect density; Host-specificity ID PLANT SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM; INVASIVE PLANT; HERBIVORY TOLERANCE; LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; NATIVE-RANGE; TREE; GROWTH; IMPACT; PERSPECTIVE AB Native to China, Chinese tallow, Triadica sebifera (Euphorbiaceae) is an aggressive woody invader in the southeastern United States. The noctuid, Gadirtha inexacta (=Iscadia inexacta), is a multivoltine herbivore attacking this plant in China. To evaluate its potential as a biological control agent in the United States, we conducted experiments on the host-specificity and impact on the target weed in China. The host range was tested on 78 plant species in 21 families through no-choice larval development tests and field surveys. The results showed that G. inexacta could only complete development on T. sebifera, T. rotundifolia and T. chihsinianum, suggesting a narrow host range. Attack by G. inexacta larvae significantly reduced the growth of seedlings of T. sebifera and the impact was greater when the plant was repeatedly defoliated and in shaded conditions. The plants were entirely defoliated after being repeatedly damaged in the treatments of the highest larval density (six larvae per seedling) in shade, causing 80% seedling mortality and the total biomass was reduced to 60% of the control. The results of this study suggested that G. inexacta may be a suitable biological control agent of T. sebifera though further tests on native North American species are needed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Yi; Zhu, Lin; Gu, Xue; Ding, Jianqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Inst, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yi; Gu, Xue] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Lin] Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Inst Environm Biol & Insect Resources, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Wheeler, Gregory S.] USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Purcell, Matthew] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Australian Biol Control Lab, Agr Res Serv, US Dept Agr, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. RP Ding, JQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Inst, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM dingjianqing@yahoo.com RI Purcell, Matthew/C-2098-2008 FU China National Basic Study Program [2012CB114104]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission FX We thank Shunliang Feng and Xuefang Yang for their assistance in lab and field work. H.J. Esser, Botanische Staatssammlug, Munchen, Germany provided invaluable advice on the phylogeny of the Euphorbiaceae for which we are exceedingly grateful. This study was supported by the China National Basic Study Program (2012CB114104) and the 100 Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (to J. Ding), the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (both to G. Wheeler). NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.08.008 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 041VM UT WOS:000311429300010 ER PT J AU Abell, KJ Duan, JJ Bauer, L Lelito, JP Van Driesche, RG AF Abell, Kristopher J. Duan, Jian J. Bauer, Leah Lelito, Jonathan P. Van Driesche, Roy G. TI The effect of bark thickness on host partitioning between Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymen: Eulophidae) and Atanycolus spp. (Hymen: Braconidae), two parasitoids of emerald ash borer (Coleop: Buprestidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Emerald ash borer; Tetrastichus planipennisi; Atanycolus; Bark thickness; Biological control ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; RUSSIAN FAR-EAST; AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS; HYMENOPTERA-BRACONIDAE; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; NATURAL ENEMIES; SPATHIUS-AGRILI; BIOTIC FACTORS; CHINA; SCOLYTIDAE AB Parasitoids have recently been introduced from Asia to aid in biological control in the United States of the invasive, highly damaging, emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis. Three introduced parasitoids have established and field biological studies are underway to improve our understanding of niche partitioning among them. Here we report one such investigation, a field experiment conducted to determine how outer bark thickness of ash trees might affect parasitism by one introduced (Tetrastichus planipennisi) and one native parasitoid (Atanycolus spp.). We found that T. planipennisi was unable to parasitize EAB larvae in trees with outer bark thicker than 3.2 mm(>11.2-cm DBH) whereas Atanycolus spp. parasitized EAB larvae in ash trees with outer bark up to 8.8 mm thick (>57.4-cm DBH). These results suggest that establishment of, and control by T. planipennisi at release sites with only large diameter trees is less likely, and that T. planipennisi will be more effective in stands with younger trees (<12-cm DBH). Releasing T. planipennisi near the leading edge of EAB invasion may have little impact on EAB populations if many ash trees are too large. We recommend releasing T. planipennisi in stands dominated by small, early successional or regenerating ash trees. This may maximize the establishment and effectiveness of this species. This limitation of T. planipennisi for biological control of emerald ash borer suggests that other EAB parasitoids from its native range with longer ovipositors, such as Spathius galinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), should be sought and evaluated for possible use as EAB biocontrol agents in the US. The results of this study also suggest the importance of parasitoid guild introduction for biological control in general, and hint at possible broader implications relating to resource partitioning among native and introduced parasitoids. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Abell, Kristopher J.; Van Driesche, Roy G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Abell, Kristopher J.; Bauer, Leah] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Duan, Jian J.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Bauer, Leah] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Lelito, Jonathan P.] USDA, APHIS PPQ Emerald Ash Borer Program, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. RP Abell, KJ (reprint author), USDA FS NRS, 220 Nisbet Bldg,1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM kabell@psis.umass.edu FU USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry and Northern Research Station FX We thank the assistance of Deborah Miller, Cullen Dembowski and Tina Ciaramitaro in all phases of the experiment, and Doug Luster and Noah Koller (USDA ARS) for comments on the earlier version of the manuscript. We thank the USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry and Northern Research Station for financial support for this research. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 60 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 320 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.08.009 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 041VM UT WOS:000311429300012 ER PT J AU Havill, NP Davis, G Mausel, DL Klein, J McDonald, R Jones, C Fischer, M Salom, S Caccone, A AF Havill, Nathan P. Davis, Gina Mausel, David L. Klein, Joanne McDonald, Richard Jones, Cera Fischer, Melissa Salom, Scott Caccone, Adalgisa TI Hybridization between a native and introduced predator of Adelgidae: An unintended result of classical biological control SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Hemlock woolly adelgid; Adelges tsugae; Laricobius nigrinus; Laricobius rubidus; Landscape genetics; Non-target effects ID LARICOBIUS COLEOPTERA DERODONTIDAE; NIGRINUS FENDER COLEOPTERA; TSUGAE ANNAND HOMOPTERA; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROCTONUS-AETHIOPOIDES; TORYMUS-SINENSIS; UNITED-STATES; SPECIATION; HYBRIDS AB Hybridization between introduced biological control agents and native species has the potential to impact native biodiversity and pest control efforts. This study reports progress towards predicting the outcome of hybridization between two beetle species, the introduced Laricobius nigrinus Fender and the native L. rubidus LeConte. L. nigrinus is a predator from western North America introduced to hemlock stands in the eastern United States as a biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid [Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)]. Laricobius rubidus is a closely related eastern species that also feeds on A. tsugae but prefers pine adelgids (Pineus strobi Hartig) on white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Six microsatellite markers plus mitochondrial COI haplotypes were used to examine genetic structure of these two Laricobius species across North America. In their native ranges, major geographic features have impacted gene flow: the intermountain region in the West, and the Appalachian Mountains in the East. Analysis of 1229 individuals from adelgid-infested hemlock trees in release sites in the eastern United States found widespread hybridization with asymmetrical introgression towards L. nigrinus on hemlock. The ultimate outcome of hybridization could therefore be a complex mosaic of genetic introgression across the landscape, depending on the distribution of hemlock and pine. This study confirms the importance of evaluating the potential for introduced biological control agents to hybridize with their native relatives. This system also provides an excellent opportunity to improve our understanding of emerging hybrid zones by tracking its progress over time. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Havill, Nathan P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. [Davis, Gina; Fischer, Melissa; Salom, Scott] Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Mausel, David L.] Menominee Tribal Enterprises, Dept Forestry, Neopit, WI 54150 USA. [Klein, Joanne; Caccone, Adalgisa] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [McDonald, Richard] Symbiont Biol Pest Management, Sugar Grove, NC 28679 USA. [Jones, Cera] N Georgia Coll & State Univ, Dahlonega, GA 30597 USA. RP Havill, NP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. EM nphavill@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service [06-JV-11242300-058, 09-CA-156]; Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies FX We thank DeAdra Newman and Rachel Rines for laboratory assistance. Ryan Garrick, Andrea Gloria Soria, and Talbot Trotter reviewed an early draft. Theresa (Tree) Dellinger initiated the evaluation of samples from Kentland Farm. Chaz Hyseni helped with DAPC analysis. A special thank you to all of the collectors that provided Laricobius specimens. This study was funded by USDA Forest Service Cooperative Agreements 06-JV-11242300-058 and 09-CA-156, and the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 66 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.08.001 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 041VM UT WOS:000311429300017 ER PT J AU Orjuela, MA Cabrera-Munoz, L Paul, L Ramirez-Ortiz, MA Liu, XH Chen, J Mejia-Rodriguez, F Medina-Sanson, A Diaz-Carreno, S Suen, IH Selhub, J Ponce-Castaneda, MV AF Orjuela, Manuela A. Cabrera-Munoz, Lourdes Paul, Ligi Ramirez-Ortiz, Marco A. Liu, Xinhua Chen, Jia Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola Medina-Sanson, Aurora Diaz-Carreno, Silvia Suen, Ida H. Selhub, Jacob Veronica Ponce-Castaneda, M. TI Risk of retinoblastoma is associated with a maternal polymorphism in dihydrofolatereductase (DHFR) and prenatal folic acid intake SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE dihydrofolatereductase; DHFR; folic acid intake; retinoblastoma risk; childhood cancer ID PAIR DELETION POLYMORPHISM; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; SPORADIC RETINOBLASTOMA; BREAST-CANCER; FOLATE INTAKE; SPINA-BIFIDA; PREGNANCY; PLASMA; SUPPLEMENTATION AB BACKGROUND: The incidence of unilateral retinoblastoma varies globally, suggesting possible environmental contributors to disease incidence. Maternal intake of naturally occurring folate from vegetables during pregnancy is associated inversely with the risk of retinoblastoma in offspring. METHODS: The authors used a case-control study design to examine the association between retinoblastoma risk and maternal variations in the folate-metabolizing genes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (a cytosine-to-thymine substitution at nucleotide 677 [MTHFR677C?T]; reference single nucleotide polymorphism rs1801133) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) (a 19-base-pair deletion of intron 1a [DHFR19bpdel]; rs70991108). In central Mexico, 103 mothers of children with newly diagnosed unilateral retinoblastoma were enrolled in an institutional review board-approved study along with a control group of 97 mothers who had healthy children. Mothers were interviewed regarding perinatal characteristics, including use of prenatal vitamin supplements, and gave peripheral blood samples, which were used for polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping of rs1801133 and rs70991108. RESULTS: The risk of having a child with unilateral retinoblastoma was associated with maternal homozygosity for DHFR19bpdel (odds ratio, 3.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.89-7.55; P = .0002), even after controlling for the child's DHFR19bpdel genotype (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-5.99; P = .0073). In a subgroup of 167 mothers with data on prenatal intake of supplements containing folic acid (a synthetic form of folate), DHFR19bpdel-associated risk was elevated significantly only among those who reported taking folic acid supplements. Maternal MTHFR genotype was unrelated to the risk of having a child with retinoblastoma. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal homozygosity for a polymorphism in the DHFR gene necessary for converting synthetic folic acid into biologic folate was associated with an increased risk for retinoblastoma. Prenatal ingestion of synthetic folic acid supplements may be associated with increased risk for early childhood carcinogenesis in a genetically susceptible subset of the population. Cancer 2012. (c) 2012 American Cancer Society. C1 [Orjuela, Manuela A.; Diaz-Carreno, Silvia; Suen, Ida H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Orjuela, Manuela A.] Columbia Univ, Div Pediat Oncol, New York, NY USA. [Cabrera-Munoz, Lourdes] HIM, Dept Pathol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Ramirez-Ortiz, Marco A.] HIM, Dept Ophthalmol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Medina-Sanson, Aurora] HIM, Dept Oncol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Paul, Ligi; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Liu, Xinhua] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, New York, NY USA. [Chen, Jia] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community Med, New York, NY USA. [Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Veronica Ponce-Castaneda, M.] Pediat Hosp, Mexican Inst Social Secur, Unit Med Invest Infect Dis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Orjuela, MA (reprint author), 722 W 168th St,Room 1111, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM mao5@columbia.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 CA098180, P30 ES009089] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA098180 and P30 ES009089). NR 38 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 118 IS 23 BP 5912 EP 5919 DI 10.1002/cncr.27621 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 040EZ UT WOS:000311306000024 PM 22648968 ER PT J AU Brenkert-Smith, H Champ, PA Flores, N AF Brenkert-Smith, Hannah Champ, Patricia A. Flores, Nicholas TI Trying Not to Get Burned: Understanding Homeowners' Wildfire Risk-Mitigation Behaviors SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Risk-reduction behaviors; Wildfire risk; Homeowner behavior; Wildland-urban interface; Survey ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; DEFENSIBLE SPACE; HAZARD; MANAGEMENT; ADOPTION; PERCEPTIONS; STRATEGIES; MINNESOTA; PROGRAMS; FLORIDA AB Three causes have been identified for the spiraling cost of wildfire suppression in the United States: climate change, fuel accumulation from past wildfire suppression, and development in fire-prone areas. Because little is likely to be performed to halt the effects of climate on wildfire risk, and because fuel-management budgets cannot keep pace with fuel accumulation let alone reverse it, changing the behaviors of existing and potential homeowners in fire-prone areas is the most promising approach to decreasing the cost of suppressing wildfires in the wildland-urban interface and increasing the odds of homes surviving wildfire events. Wildfire education efforts encourage homeowners to manage their property to decrease wildfire risk. Such programs may be more effective with a better understanding of the factors related to homeowners' decisions to undertake wildfire risk-reduction actions. In this study, we measured whether homeowners had implemented 12 wildfire risk-mitigation measures in 2 Colorado Front Range counties. We found that wildfire information received from local volunteer fire departments and county wildfire specialists, as well as talking with neighbors about wildfire, were positively associated with higher levels of mitigation. Firsthand experience in the form of preparing for or undertaking an evacuation was also associated with a higher level of mitigation. Finally, homeowners who perceived higher levels of wildfire risk on their property had undertaken higher levels of wildfire-risk mitigation on their property. C1 [Brenkert-Smith, Hannah] Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Champ, Patricia A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Flores, Nicholas] Univ Colorado, Dept Econ, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brenkert-Smith, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, UCB 483, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hannahb@colorado.edu FU Institute of Behavioral Science at the University of Colorado, Boulder; United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [10-CR-11221636-246]; Boulder county; Larimer county FX We thank Tony Simons and Eric Philips for providing local expertise on the study counties. Boulder and Larimer counties funded the data collection. This study was also funded by the Institute of Behavioral Science at the University of Colorado, Boulder and the United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (Grant No. 10-CR-11221636-246). NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1139 EP 1151 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9949-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 040BA UT WOS:000311292800014 PM 23001246 ER PT J AU Towler, E Saab, VA Sojda, RS Dickinson, K Bruyere, CL Newlon, KR AF Towler, Erin Saab, Victoria A. Sojda, Richard S. Dickinson, Katherine Bruyere, Cindy L. Newlon, Karen R. TI A Risk-Based Approach to Evaluating Wildlife Demographics for Management in a Changing Climate: A Case Study of the Lewis's Woodpecker SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Species vulnerability; Adaptation; Avian conservation; Forest management; Risk ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; BIODIVERSITY; ADAPTATION; FRAMEWORK; VULNERABILITY; CONSERVATION; SCENARIOS; SURVIVAL; HABITAT AB Given the projected threat that climate change poses to biodiversity, the need for proactive response efforts is clear. However, integrating uncertain climate change information into conservation planning is challenging, and more explicit guidance is needed. To this end, this article provides a specific example of how a risk-based approach can be used to incorporate a species' response to climate into conservation decisions. This is shown by taking advantage of species' response (i.e., impact) models that have been developed for a well-studied bird species of conservation concern. Specifically, we examine the current and potential impact of climate on nest survival of the Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) in two different habitats. To address climate uncertainty, climate scenarios are developed by manipulating historical weather observations to create ensembles (i.e., multiple sequences of daily weather) that reflect historical variability and potential climate change. These ensembles allow for a probabilistic evaluation of the risk posed to Lewis's Woodpecker nest survival and are used in two demographic analyses. First, the relative value of each habitat is compared in terms of nest survival, and second, the likelihood of exceeding a critical population threshold is examined. By embedding the analyses in a risk framework, we show how management choices can be made to be commensurate with a defined level of acceptable risk. The results can be used to inform habitat prioritization and are discussed in the context of an economic framework for evaluating trade-offs between management alternatives. C1 [Towler, Erin; Dickinson, Katherine; Bruyere, Cindy L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Saab, Victoria A.] USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Sojda, Richard S.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Newlon, Karen R.] Montana Nat Heritage Program, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Towler, E (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM towler@ucar.edu FU Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise fellowship program; NOAA Climate Program Office; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by the Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise fellowship program funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office and the U.S. Geological Survey and administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Visiting Scientist Programs. The authors acknowledge the United States Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1152 EP 1163 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9953-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 040BA UT WOS:000311292800015 PM 23070061 ER PT J AU Guard, J Sanchez-Ingunza, R Morales, C Stewart, T Liljebjelke, K Van Kessel, J Ingram, K Jones, D Jackson, C Fedorka-Cray, P Frye, J Gast, R Hinton, A AF Guard, Jean Sanchez-Ingunza, Roxana Morales, Cesar Stewart, Tod Liljebjelke, Karen Van Kessel, JoAnn Ingram, Kim Jones, Deana Jackson, Charlene Fedorka-Cray, Paula Frye, Jonathan Gast, Richard Hinton, Arthur, Jr. TI Comparison of dkgB-linked intergenic sequence ribotyping to DNA microarray hybridization for assigning serotype to Salmonella enterica SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; food safety; single nucleotide polymorphism ID IDENTIFICATION AB Two DNA-based methods were compared for the ability to assign serotype to 139 isolates of Salmonella enterica ssp. I. Intergenic sequence ribotyping (ISR) evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms occurring in a 5S ribosomal gene region and flanking sequences bordering the gene dkgB. A DNA microarray hybridization method that assessed the presence and the absence of sets of genes was the second method. Serotype was assigned for 128 (92.1%) of submissions by the two DNA methods. ISR detected mixtures of serotypes within single colonies and it cost substantially less than KauffmannWhite serotyping and DNA microarray hybridization. Decreasing the cost of serotyping S. enterica while maintaining reliability may encourage routine testing and research. C1 [Guard, Jean; Sanchez-Ingunza, Roxana; Morales, Cesar; Stewart, Tod; Liljebjelke, Karen; Ingram, Kim; Jones, Deana; Jackson, Charlene; Fedorka-Cray, Paula; Frye, Jonathan; Gast, Richard; Hinton, Arthur, Jr.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Van Kessel, JoAnn] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Guard, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jean.guard@ars.usda.gov OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0378-1097 EI 1574-6968 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 337 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1111/1574-6968.12010 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 035XK UT WOS:000310986300009 PM 22998607 ER PT J AU Nislow, KH Armstrong, JD AF Nislow, K. H. Armstrong, J. D. TI Towards a life-history-based management framework for the effects of flow on juvenile salmonids in streams and rivers SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE dams; Europe; flow regulation; North America; Salmo salar; Salmo trutta ID AGE-0 ATLANTIC SALMON; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; FALL CHINOOK SALMON; BROWN TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; REGULATED RIVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BROOK TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; HABITAT USE AB Salmonid fishes have complex life cycles involving major changes in habitat requirements at different stages in their life history. Effects of changes in flow and flow regime on salmonids are therefore highly stage-specific. Successful management requires consideration of stage-specific influences and integration of these effects over the entire life history to predict ultimate impacts on abundance and population viability. The state of science regarding stage-specific influences of flow regime on juvenile salmonids and their habitats, referring specifically to fundamental attributes of natural regimes and to characteristic alterations of these regimes associated with water management, is reviewed. It appears that a key consideration in integrating the stage-specific impacts of flow is the extent to which flow-related losses or gains early in ontogeny can be compensated by increased growth or survival later in juvenile life history. Further, fundamental interactions between flow and water temperature must be incorporated into the robust models ultimately required for science-based management. In the absence of such models and data, the current state of science may be sufficient to target specific aspects of flow regimes that are critical to multiple life-history stages, which can then serve as a basis for interim flow prescriptions and subsequent adaptive management. C1 [Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Armstrong, J. D.] Marine Scotland Sci, Pitlochry, Perth, Scotland. RP Nislow, KH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM knislow@fs.fed.us NR 85 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 119 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 19 IS 6 BP 451 EP 463 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00810.x PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 039GJ UT WOS:000311232300001 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JD Nislow, KH AF Armstrong, J. D. Nislow, K. H. TI Modelling approaches for relating effects of change in river flow to populations of Atlantic salmon and brown trout SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flow; habitat; PHABSIM; Salmo salar; Salmo trutta ID HABITAT REQUIREMENTS; WATER TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROWTH; SALAR; PREFERENCE; DISCHARGE; SURVIVAL; QUALITY; STREAMS AB Modelling approaches for relating discharge to the biology of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., growing in rivers are reviewed. Process-based and empirical models are set within a common framework of input of water flow and output of characteristics of fish, such as growth and survival, which relate directly to population dynamics. A continuum is envisaged incorporating various contributions of process and empirical structure as practical and appropriate to specific goals. This framework is compared with, and shown to differ from, approaches whose output is in the form of quantity and form of habitat (or usable area) based on its frequency of use by fish, which then is assumed to have some relationship with fish performance. A simple conceptual modelling approach is also developed to relate water flow to fish population characteristics to assess the likelihood of simple relationships between flow and usable area thresholds. Basic predictions of the model are tested against empirical data from a long-term individual-based study of juvenile S. salar and resident brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchell), in West Brook, Massachusetts. For this system, growth rates of both species increased linearly with flow during spring, summer and autumn months and bore no relation to Q95 or wetted-width discontinuities. Winter is identified as a season during which water might be abstracted most safely, but cautiously given sparse knowledge of wild salmonid fish at this time of year. These results, together with the fundamental conceptual problems inherent in usable area-based approaches, suggest that models that relate directly to fish performance outcomes may be more robust as a basis for flow prescriptions. However, this utility will depend strongly on our ability to generalise from a limited set of empirical studies and to use the results of these studies of management actions to inform and improve future models. C1 [Armstrong, J. D.] Marine Scotland Sci, Pitlochry, Perth, Scotland. [Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Armstrong, JD (reprint author), Marine Scotland Sci Freshwater Lab, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, Perth, Scotland. EM John.Armstrong@scotland.gsi.gov.uk NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 19 IS 6 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00835.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 039GJ UT WOS:000311232300008 ER PT J AU Richards, GP Watson, MA Meade, GK Hovan, GL Kingsley, DH AF Richards, Gary P. Watson, Michael A. Meade, Gloria K. Hovan, Gregory L. Kingsley, David H. TI Resilience of Norovirus GII.4 to Freezing and Thawing: Implications for Virus Infectivity SO FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Norovirus; Freezing; Thawing; Persistence; Infectivity; Capsid integrity ID TIME RT-PCR; NORWALK VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; ILLNESS; CONSUMPTION; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; SAFETY; FOODS; ICE AB Genogroup II.4 norovirus (NoV) remains the predominant NoV strain in food- and water-borne outbreaks. Capsid integrity as well as viral RNA persistence were determined for GII.4 NoV by real-time RT-PCR after 1-14 freeze/thaw (F/T) cycles (-80 A degrees C/+22 A degrees C) or after -80 A degrees C storage for up to 120 days. In both cases, capsid integrity and viral RNA titers remained stable. RNase was exogenously added after 1-14 F/T cycles, but did not alter the amount of genomic NoV RNA detected, indicating that capsids remained intact. Presumptive NoV infectivity was evaluated in functional studies by a porcine gastric mucin binding assay. Viruses frozen and thawed up to 14x bound similarly to porcine mucin, suggesting no reduction in virus infectivity. Overall, this study shows that a) NoV particles retain their integrity for at least 14 F/T cycles, b) long-term (120 day) frozen storage does not decrease NoV RNA titers, and c) capsid binding to receptor-like glycoprotein moieties remains unaltered after 14 F/T cycles. This work indicates that freezing and thawing of foods or beverages would not be a practical processing intervention to reduce NoV contamination. Likewise, repeated freezing and thawing, as might be encountered during winter months, is not expected to inactivate NoV in the environment. Results do show that laboratory samples destined for molecular biological analyses or for use as positive controls may be repeatedly frozen and thawed without any anticipated reduction in NoV RNA titers. This study documents the cryostability of NoV capsids and RNA to freezing and thawing and to the possible retention of virus infectivity. C1 [Richards, Gary P.; Watson, Michael A.; Meade, Gloria K.; Kingsley, David H.] Delaware State Univ, USDA, ARS, James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Hovan, Gregory L.] Publ Hlth Lab, Delaware Div, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. RP Richards, GP (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, USDA, ARS, James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM gary.richards@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX The authors thank Johnna Fay for technical assistance and Brendan Niemira, Vincent Fondong, and William W. Ward for technical review of this manuscript. This work was made possible by intramural funding from the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1867-0334 EI 1867-0342 J9 FOOD ENVIRON VIROL JI Food Environ. Virol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 4 BP 192 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s12560-012-9089-6 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology; Virology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology; Virology GA 043AH UT WOS:000311514200005 PM 23205150 ER PT J AU Carnwath, GC Peterson, DW Nelson, CR AF Carnwath, Gunnar C. Peterson, David W. Nelson, Cara R. TI Effect of crown class and habitat type on climate-growth relationships of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Climate-growth relationships; Dendrochronology; Douglas-fir; Ponderosa pine ID RADIAL GROWTH; TREE-RING; MIXED-CONIFER; SUB-ALPINE; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; CASCADE MOUNTAINS; DROUGHT; MORTALITY; FORESTS; STANDS AB There is increasing interest in actively managing forests to increase their resilience to climate-related changes. Although forest managers rely heavily on the use of silvicultural treatments that manipulate stand structure and stand dynamics to modify responses to climate change, few studies have directly assessed the effects of stand structure or canopy position on climate-growth relationships - or examined how this relationship may vary among species or across environmental gradients. In this study, we analyzed variability in tree-ring series from 15 low-elevation stands in northeastern Washington (USA) using time series analysis and linear mixed effects models. Our objective was to assess the relative influences of species (Pinus ponderosa vs. Pseudotsuga menziesii), crown class (dominant vs. intermediate), and habitat type (Xeric vs. Dry-Mesic) on the climate responses of mature trees in unmanaged forests. We found that climate-growth relationships varied significantly between canopy classes and across habitat types but that these effects were highly species-specific. For P. menziesii, growth responses to temperature and precipitation did not vary between canopy classes. For P. ponderosa, however, regression coefficients for the relationship between temperature and radial growth were nearly twice as large for dominant trees compared to intermediate trees, and 84% of dominant trees were significantly influenced by precipitation, compared to only 62% of intermediate trees. In contrast, habitat-type did not significantly affect the climate responses of P. ponderosa, but did affect responses of P. menziesii. For example, for P. menziesii only 51% of trees in Dry-Mesic sites, were significantly affected by drought (PDSI), compared to 93% in Xeric sites. A better understanding of the relationship between climate sensitivity, species-specific hydraulic strategies, and stand dynamics is crucial for accurately predicting tree responses to climate change and designing forest treatments that will effectively reduce the climatic vulnerability of key forest species and habitats. Results may assist managers with understanding how altering stand dynamics will differentially affect climate-responses of individual species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Carnwath, Gunnar C.; Nelson, Cara R.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Peterson, David W.] USFS Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Carnwath, GC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Coll Forestry & Conservat, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM gcarnwath@fs.fed.us RI Peterson, David/B-1105-2008 FU National Science Foundation EPSCoR program [EPS-1101342] FX We thank the USDA Forest Service Region 6 Area Ecology Program and Colville National Forest, especially M. Borysewicz, for logistical support; M. Yager, J. Bohlert, K. Bednarczyk, P. Stothart, T. Anfinson, and B. Maddox for data collection and core processing; and E. Sutherland, S. Running, J. Goodburn, and A. Sala for help with study design and manuscript review. This material is based on work supported by McIntire-Stennis appropriations to the University of Montana, USDA Forest Service (PNW Research Station, Region 6 Area Ecology Program and Student Career Experience Program), and the Montana Institute on Ecosystems by the National Science Foundation EPSCoR program grant EPS-1101342. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Montana Institute on Ecosystems or the National Science Foundation. NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 285 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.037 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 034HW UT WOS:000310864500006 ER PT J AU Kitchen, SG AF Kitchen, Stanley G. TI Historical fire regime and forest variability on two eastern Great Basin fire-sheds (USA) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dendrochronology; Point mean fire interval; Mixed-severity fire; Pinyon-juniper fire; Anthropogenic fire; Fire restoration ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; THOUSAND-LAKES-WILDERNESS; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MONTANE FORESTS; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; NEW-MEXICO; CALIFORNIA AB Proper management of naturally forested landscapes requires knowledge of key disturbance processes and their effects on species composition and structure. Spatially-intensive fire and forest histories provide valuable information about how fire and vegetation may vary and interact on heterogeneous landscapes. I constructed 800-year fire and tree recruitment chronologies for two eastern Great Basin fire-sheds using fire-scar and tree establishment evidence from 48 gridded plots (500 m spacing) and from fire-scarred trees between plots. Fire-sheds are located in the Snake Range of eastern Nevada (BMC) and Wah Wah Range of western Utah (LAW) and span a range in elevation and vegetation zones typical for the region. Estimates of point mean fire interval varied more than 10-fold at both BMC (7.8-125.6 years) and LAW (13.3-138.4 years). At BMC, a distinct within-fire-shed contrast in fire frequency was difficult to explain without invoking the possibility of spatially-variable human-caused ignitions. A majority of fires were small (<10 ha) but large fires (>= 100 ha) accounted for 78% (BMC) to 89% (LAW) of cumulative area burned. Tree recruitment for mid-elevation, mixed-conifer stands was somewhat episodic and asynchronous among plots. Recruitment pulses were synchronous with multi-decade fire quiescent periods, and often followed large fires. I concluded that fire frequency was under strong topographic control and that fire severity was mixed and variable through time and space resulting in a dynamic mosaic of variable-aged, fire-initiated vegetation intermixed with long-lived, fire-resilient trees and open shrub-steppe communities (BMC). A major change in fire regime and forest composition began in the 1800s causing shifts in composition and structure at the stand scale and homogenization at the landscape scale. I recommend that management strategies prioritize the use of fire and surrogate treatments on mid-elevation forests that have deviated most from historic conditions and on associated shrub-steppe communities where conifer encroachment has occurred. Planned disturbances should be of mixed severity and sized to recreate vegetative mosaics at historic spatial scales. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Kitchen, SG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 735 North,500 East, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM skitchen@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Sciences Program; Utah Bureau of Land Management; USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX For help with field collection and sample processing, D. Bentley, B. Bright, S. Carlson, A. Kitchen, J. Kitchen, B. Latta, G. Jorgensen, H. Neely, M. Proett, B. Pyne, M. Pyne, G. Schenk, J. Taylor, T. Thygerson, H. Vice, N. Williams, and T. Young. For help with logistics, I thank L. Chappell, J. Pollet, and T. Williams. I thank B. Reeves for help with maps and E. Heyerdahl, R. Tausch, M. Bekker, D. Turner and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions in improving the manuscript. This work was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program, Utah Bureau of Land Management, and USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 285 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.012 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 034HW UT WOS:000310864500007 ER PT J AU Uzoh, FCC Mori, SR AF Uzoh, Fabian C. C. Mori, Sylvia R. TI Applying survival analysis to managed even-aged stands of ponderosa pine for assessment of tree mortality in the western United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cox Proportional Hazard model; Probability of survival; Tree mortality; Pinus ponderosa; Logistic regression; Generalized Additive Model (GAM) ID REGRESSION-MODELS; PREDICTING MORTALITY; INCREMENT MODEL; GROWTH; VALIDATION; DENSITY; SPRUCE AB A critical component of a growth and yield simulator is an estimate of mortality rates. The mortality models presented here are developed from long-term permanent plots in provinces from throughout the geographic range of ponderosa pine in the United States extending from the Black Hills of South Dakota to the Pacific Coast. The study had two objectives: estimation of the probability of a tree survival for the next 5 years and the probability of a tree surviving longer than a given time period (survival trend) for a given set of covariates. The probability of a tree surviving for the next 5 years was estimated using a logistic model regressed on 18 covariates measured 5 years before the last measurement period with 15 smoothing variables (S1-S15) for spatial effects of latitude and longitude surface. The fitted model showed that the probability of survival increased with increasing diameter at breast height (DBH), DBH periodic annual increment (PAIDBH) and increasing plot basal area/number of trees per hectare (PBAH/TPH), and decreased with increasing average of the 5 tallest trees in the plot (AVGHT5) when other selected covariates were included in the model. The probability of a tree surviving longer than a given time period was estimated by fitting the Cox Proportional Hazard model to the last observed survival period regressed on 13 covariates measured at the first measurement period. This probability also increased with increasing DBH and PAIDBH, and decreased with increasing AVGHT5. The Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and graphs of partial residuals were used in the selection of covariates included in the models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Uzoh, Fabian C. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Mori, Sylvia R.] US Forest Serv, Stat Unit, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Uzoh, FCC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM fuzoh@fs.fed.us NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 285 BP 101 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.006 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 034HW UT WOS:000310864500012 ER PT J AU Marcot, BG Thompson, MP Runge, MC Thompson, FR McNulty, S Cleaves, D Tomosy, M Fisher, LA Bliss, A AF Marcot, Bruce G. Thompson, Matthew P. Runge, Michael C. Thompson, Frank R. McNulty, Steven Cleaves, David Tomosy, Monica Fisher, Larry A. Bliss, Andrew TI Recent advances in applying decision science to managing national forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Structured decision making; Adaptive management; Decision support; Land-management planning; Risk analysis; Risk management ID EVALUATION CRITERIA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; EXPERT KNOWLEDGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILDFIRE RISK; MANAGEMENT; UNCERTAINTY; CONSERVATION; MODELS; POLICY AB Management of federal public forests to meet sustainability goals and multiple use regulations is an immense challenge. To succeed, we suggest use of formal decision science procedures and tools in the context of structured decision making (SDM). SDM entails four stages: problem structuring (framing the problem and defining objectives and evaluation criteria), problem analysis (defining alternatives, evaluating likely consequences, identifying key uncertainties, and analyzing tradeoffs), decision point (identifying the preferred alternative), and implementation and monitoring the preferred alternative with adaptive management feedbacks. We list a wide array of models, techniques, and tools available for each stage, and provide three case studies of their selected use in National Forest land management and project plans. Successful use of SDM involves participation by decision-makers, analysts, scientists, and stakeholders. We suggest specific areas for training and instituting SDM to foster transparency, rigor, clarity, and inclusiveness in formal decision processes regarding management of national forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Thompson, Matthew P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Thompson, Frank R.] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [McNulty, Steven] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Cleaves, David] US Forest Serv, USDA, Off Chief, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Tomosy, Monica] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Fisher, Larry A.; Bliss, Andrew] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Marcot, BG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM bmarcot@fs.fed.us RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU US Forest Service Research Executive Team FX This work was prompted by the US Forest Service Deputy Chief for Research and Development, Jim Reaves, and his team of Research Station managers, and is part of a larger effort by the Forest Service to develop syntheses of major contemporary research themes. We thank the US Forest Service Research Executive Team for their support. Thanks to Deborah Finch for providing operational support through her partnership with the University of Arizona, and to the University of Arizona's School of Natural Resources and the Environment for their contributions to the project. We also thank the US Geological Survey for partnering with the US Forest Service on this effort. We appreciate helpful reviews provided by Kerry Britton, Joe Carbone, Chris Iverson, Danny Lee, Guy Robertson, Ken Williams, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 285 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.024 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 034HW UT WOS:000310864500013 ER PT J AU McGlone, CM Stoddard, MT Springer, JD Daniels, ML Fule, PZ Covington, WW AF McGlone, Christopher M. Stoddard, Michael T. Springer, Judith D. Daniels, Mark L. Fule, Peter Z. Covington, W. Wallace TI Nonnative species influence vegetative response to ecological restoration: Two forests with divergent restoration outcomes SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; Cheatgrass; Forest; Nonnative; Ponderosa pine; Prescribed fire ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SOIL SEED BANKS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; UNDERSTORY RESPONSE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; PLANT INVASION; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES AB Changes in the vegetative structure and diversity of ponderosa pine forests have generated interest in conducting ecological restoration projects to improve the overall forest health of these ecosystems. Ecological restoration prescriptions often consist of thinning trees to emulate pre-1870s forest structure followed by prescribed burning. Disturbances associated with ecological restoration can, however, promote invasion by nonnative species. We compared two northern Arizona ponderosa pine forests treated for ecological restoration, one at the Fort Valley Experimental Forest and one at Mt. Trumbull on the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument. We examined the response of native and nonnative plant species, as well as all species combined, to treatments at the two forests. Both study sites showed a significant increase in native and nonnative species cover and richness by the fifth year post-treatment that remained significant by the tenth year post-treatment. Despite these general trends in native and nonnative community development, the understory vegetation at the two sites followed diverging successional patterns after treatment. By the tenth year post-treatment Fort Valley was dominated by native species and Mt. Trumbull was dominated by a single nonnative species, cheatgrass. The differences in post-treatment understory recovery are likely due to pretreatment forest conditions. At Fort Valley, nonnatives were present, but accounted for only 0.11% of the pretreatment cover. At Mt. Trumbull, nonnatives accounted for 5.26% of the pretreatment understory cover, with cheatgrass accounting for approximately 4% of the understory cover. Additionally, the soil seedbank at Fort Valley had greater overall species richness and greater native perennial grass richness than Mt. Trumbull. We propose that the application of ecological restoration treatments should be targeted to sites with low abundance of nonnatives prior to treatment. Sites containing high abundance of nonnatives prior to treatment should be managed for nonnative species mitigation before initiating any ecological restoration projects. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McGlone, Christopher M.; Stoddard, Michael T.; Springer, Judith D.; Daniels, Mark L.; Covington, W. Wallace] No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Fule, Peter Z.; Covington, W. Wallace] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP McGlone, CM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insect Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM chris.mcglone@nau.edu FU USDA Forest Service; USDI Bureau of Land Management FX Thanks to the Coconino National Forest for assistance with the Fort Valley study, especially A. Farnsworth, B. Thornton, T. Randall-Parker, and G. Waldrip, Rocky Mountain Research Station, especially C. Edminster. The authors also thank the Bureau of Land Management Arizona Strip Field Office for assistance with the Mt. Trumbull Project, especially Ken Moore and Whit Bunting. Additionally, the staff and students of the Ecological Restoration Institute were invaluable for field data collection. A special thanks to H. Smith and D. Normandin for logistical support for this project. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. This work was funded by USDA Forest Service and the USDI Bureau of Land Management. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 285 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.022 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 034HW UT WOS:000310864500020 ER PT J AU Stephens, SL Collins, BM Roller, G AF Stephens, Scott L. Collins, Brandon M. Roller, Gary TI Fuel treatment longevity in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire ecology; Fire management; Forest ecology; Restoration; Fire hazards; Fire behavior ID POTENTIAL FIRE BEHAVIOR; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; TREE MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATIONAL FIRE AB Understanding the longevity of fuel treatments in terms of their ability to maintain fire behavior and effects within a desired range is an important question. The objective of this study was to determine how fuels, forest structure, and predicted fire behavior changed 7-years after initial treatments. Three different treatments: mechanical only, mechanical plus fire, and prescribed fire only, as well as untreated control, were each randomly applied to 3 of 12 experimental units. Many aspects of the initial fuel treatments changed in 7 years. The overall hazard of the control units increased significantly indicating continued passive management has further increased already high fire hazards. Mechanical only fire hazard decreased after 7 years and are now similar to the two fire treatments, which both maintained low hazards throughout the study. Tree density declined significantly 7 years after the initial fire only treatments, while basal area in both fire treatments was unchanged relative to immediate post-treatment conditions. Our findings indicating reduced fire hazard over time in mechanical only treatments might provide an opportunity for a staggered treatment schedule that included prescribed fire which could increase overall treatment longevity to approximately 20 years. Changes in our mixed conifer forests after fuel treatment were generally larger than those reported from ponderosa pine forests in the Rocky Mountains. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Collins, Brandon M.; Roller, Gary] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Stephens, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sstephens@berkeley.edu; bmcollins@fs.fed.us; groller@fs.fed.us FU USDA-USDI Joint Fire Sciences Program FX This project was funded by the USDA-USDI Joint Fire Sciences Program. Special thanks to Blodgett Forest Research Station and their dedicated staff and to all those who helped implement the prescribed burns. We also thank all graduate students and summer field technicians that were integral to this project. We particularly thank Jason Moghaddas for his earlier work on this project. The paper was improved from comments provided by two referees. NR 52 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 285 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.030 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 034HW UT WOS:000310864500021 ER PT J AU Clark, SL Schlarbaum, SE Saxton, AM Hebard, FV AF Clark, Stacy L. Schlarbaum, Scott E. Saxton, Arnold M. Hebard, Fred V. TI Nursery performance of American and Chinese chestnuts and backcross generations in commercial tree nurseries SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID CASTANEA-DENTATA SEEDLINGS; NORTHERN RED OAK; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; QUERCUS-RUBRA; BLIGHT; GROWTH; RESTORATION; STRATEGIES; PATHOGENS; MOISTURE AB The American chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.] was decimated by an exotic fungus [Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr] in the early 1900s. Breeding efforts with American and Chinese chestnuts (C. mollissima Blume) produced putatively blight-resistant progeny (BC3F3) in 2007. We compared two nut size classes for differences in seedling quality of bare-root stock grown in commercial nurseries. We compared the BC3F3 generation to parental species and other generations. Nuts in the large size class produced taller trees than nuts in the small size class, but sizing nuts prior to sowing did not reduce variability in nursery seedling size. Results indicate that overall seedling quality could be improved by culling small nuts, but seedling uniformity would only be improved by culling seedlings before planting. We recommend refinement of restoration efforts to match seedling size to site type and planting goals. BC3F3 chestnuts differed from Chinese chestnuts in 67% of tests, and were different than American chestnuts in half the tests, indicating not all American traits were recovered in this early phase of seedling development. Family differences within the BC3F3 generation were most apparent for mean nut weight, and only one BC3F3 family differed from other BC3F3 families in seedling growth characteristics. C1 [Clark, Stacy L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Schlarbaum, Scott E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Saxton, Arnold M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hebard, Fred V.] Amer Chestnut Fdn, Meadowview, VA 24361 USA. RP Clark, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr,Rm 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM stacyclark@fs.fed.us FU American Chestnut Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS); University of Tennessee (UT), Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was partially supported by The American Chestnut Foundation, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) and the University of Tennessee (UT), Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD DEC PY 2012 VL 85 IS 5 BP 589 EP 600 DI 10.1093/forestry/cps068 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 031HL UT WOS:000310630000003 ER PT J AU Dunn, AM Torchin, ME Hatcher, MJ Kotanen, PM Blumenthal, DM Byers, JE Coon, CAC Frankel, VM Holt, RD Hufbauer, RA Kanarek, AR Schierenbeck, KA Wolfe, LM Perkins, SE AF Dunn, Alison M. Torchin, Mark E. Hatcher, Melanie J. Kotanen, Peter M. Blumenthal, Dana M. Byers, James E. Coon, Courtney A. C. Frankel, Victor M. Holt, Robert D. Hufbauer, Ruth A. Kanarek, Andrew R. Schierenbeck, Kristina A. Wolfe, Lorne M. Perkins, Sarah E. TI Indirect effects of parasites in invasions SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biological invasion; density-mediated indirect effect; indirect effect; parasitic infection; trait-mediated indirect effect ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; PHORID FLY PARASITOIDS; MEDIATED INTERACTIONS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; APPARENT COMPETITION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; NEGLECTED CONCEPT AB 1. Introduced species disrupt native communities and biodiversity worldwide. Parasitic infections (and at times, their absence) are thought to be a key component in the success and impact of biological invasions by plants and animals. They can facilitate or limit invasions, and positively or negatively impact native species. 2. Parasites have not only direct effects on their hosts, but also indirect effects on the species with which their hosts interact. Indirect effects include density-mediated effects (resulting from parasite-induced reduction in host reproduction and survival) as well as trait-mediated indirect effects (resulting from parasite-induced changes in host phenotype, behaviour or life history). These effects are not mutually exclusive but often interact. 3. The importance of these indirect interactions for invasion success, and the extent to which these effects ramify throughout communities and influence ecosystems undergoing biological invasion provide the focus of our review. Examples from the animal and plant literature illustrate the importance of parasites in mediating both competitive and consumerresource interactions between native and invasive species. 4. Parasites are involved in indirect interactions at all trophic levels. Furthermore, the indirect effects of parasitic infection are important at a range of biological scales from within a host to the whole ecosystem in determining invasion success and impact. 5. To understand the importance of parasitic infection in invasion success and in the outcomes for invaded communities requires an interdisciplinary approach by ecologists and parasitologists, across animal and plant systems. Future research should develop a framework integrating community ecology, evolution and immunology to better understand and manage the spread of invasive species and their diseases. C1 [Dunn, Alison M.; Hatcher, Melanie J.] Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Torchin, Mark E.; Frankel, Victor M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. [Hatcher, Melanie J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England. [Kotanen, Peter M.] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Blumenthal, Dana M.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Byers, James E.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Coon, Courtney A. C.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Frankel, Victor M.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Frankel, Victor M.] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Holt, Robert D.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hufbauer, Ruth A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Managemen, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hufbauer, Ruth A.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kanarek, Andrew R.] Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Schierenbeck, Kristina A.] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Biol Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA. [Wolfe, Lorne M.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Perkins, Sarah E.] Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. RP Dunn, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.dunn@leeds.ac.uk RI Perkins, Sarah/B-1817-2010; OI Perkins, Sarah/0000-0002-7457-2699; Dunn, Alison/0000-0002-4855-1077; Kotanen, Peter/0000-0002-7842-8715 FU Global Invasions Network NSF RCN [DEB-0541673]; NERC [NE/G015201/1, NE/J00630/1]; FP7 Intra-European Fellowship; NSERC; National Science Foundation [DEB 0349553]; NSF [EF-0832858]; NIH [GM-083192] FX We thank the British Ecological Society and the Global Invasions Network NSF RCN DEB-0541673 for supporting research meetings that stimulated this collaboration. AD and MJH acknowledge support from NERC (NE/G015201/1 and NE/J00630/1). SEP is supported by an FP7 Intra-European Fellowship. PMK is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant. LMW is supported by The National Science Foundation DEB 0349553. ARK is supported through NSF Award #EF-0832858. RDH acknowledges the University of Florida Foundation and NIH (GM-083192). NR 114 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 13 U2 300 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1262 EP 1274 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02041.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 041WY UT WOS:000311433600005 ER PT J AU Robert, CAM Erb, M Hibbard, BE French, BW Zwahlen, C Turlings, TCJ AF Robert, Christelle A. M. Erb, Matthias Hibbard, Bruce E. French, B. Wade Zwahlen, Claudia Turlings, Ted C. J. TI A specialist root herbivore reduces plant resistance and uses an induced plant volatile to aggregate in a density-dependent manner SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE defence inducibility relaxation; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; induced susceptibility; resource reallocation; root-herbivore interactions; Zea mays ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; BELOW-GROUND HERBIVORY; CELL-WALL INVERTASE; LARVAE COLEOPTERA; WATER-STRESS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INSECT HERBIVORES; AMINO-ACIDS; MAIZE; CHRYSOMELIDAE AB 1. Leaf-herbivore attack often triggers induced resistance in plants. However, certain specialist herbivores can also take advantage of the induced metabolic changes. In some cases, they even manipulate plant resistance, leading to a phenomenon called induced susceptibility. Compared to above-ground plant-insect interactions, little is known about the prevalence and consequences of induced responses below-ground. 2. A recent study suggested that feeding by the specialist root herbivore Diabrotica virgifera virgifera makes maize roots more susceptible to conspecifics. To better understand this phenomenon, we conducted a series of experiments to study the behavioural responses and elucidate the underlying biochemical mechanisms. 3. We found that D. virgifera benefitted from feeding on a root system in groups of intermediate size (39 larvae/plant in the laboratory), whereas its performance was reduced in large groups (12 larvae/plant). Interestingly, the herbivore was able to select host plants with a suitable density of conspecifics by using the induced plant volatile (E)-beta-caryophyllene in a dose-dependent manner. Using a split root experiment, we show that the plant-induced susceptibility is systemic and, therefore, plant mediated. Chemical analyses on plant resource reallocation and defences upon herbivory showed that the systemic induced-susceptibility is likely to stem from a combination of (i) increased free amino acid concentrations and (ii) relaxation of defence inducibility. 4. These findings show that herbivores can use induced plant volatiles in a density-dependent manner to aggregate on a host plant and change its metabolism to their own benefit. Our study furthermore helps to explain the remarkable ecological success of D. virgifera in maize fields around the world. C1 [Robert, Christelle A. M.; Zwahlen, Claudia; Turlings, Ted C. J.] Univ Neuchatel, Lab Fundamental & Appl Res Chem Ecol FARCE, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Robert, Christelle A. M.; Erb, Matthias] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Root Herbivore Interact Grp, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [French, B. Wade] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Turlings, TCJ (reprint author), Univ Neuchatel, Lab Fundamental & Appl Res Chem Ecol FARCE, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. EM ted.turlings@unine.ch RI Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012; OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X; Erb, Matthias/0000-0002-4446-9834 FU National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) 'Plant Survival'; Swiss National Science Foundation Fellowship [PBNEP3-134930] FX We thank Matt Higdon, Rebecca Higdon, Sarah Zukoff, Julie Barry and the whole student crew from the USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit (Columbia, Missouri) for their kind contribution to field experiments. This project was partially funded by the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) 'Plant Survival' and supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation Fellowship to M.E. (PBNEP3-134930). NR 79 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 9 U2 91 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1429 EP 1440 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02030.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 041WY UT WOS:000311433600020 ER PT J AU Shah, DH Zhou, XH Kim, HY Call, DR Guard, J AF Shah, Devendra H. Zhou, Xiaohui Kim, Hye-Young Call, Douglas R. Guard, Jean TI Transposon Mutagenesis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Identifies Genes That Contribute to Invasiveness in Human and Chicken Cells and Survival in Egg Albumen SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; SIGNATURE-TAGGED MUTAGENESIS; TYPHIMURIUM INVASION GENES; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND 1; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PROTEIN SECRETION; NEEDLE COMPLEX; BACTERIAL INTERNALIZATION; INTESTINAL COLONIZATION; REGULATED GENES AB Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is an important food-borne pathogen, and chickens are a primary reservoir of human infection. While most knowledge about Salmonella pathogenesis is based on research conducted on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis is known to have pathobiology specific to chickens that impacts epidemiology in humans. Therefore, more information is needed about S. Enteritidis pathobiology in comparison to that of S. Typhimurium. We used transposon mutagenesis to identify S. Enteritidis virulence genes by assay of invasiveness in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells and chicken liver (LMH) cells and survival within chicken (HD-11) macrophages as a surrogate marker for virulence. A total of 4,330 transposon insertion mutants of an invasive G1 Nal(r) strain were screened using Caco-2 cells. This led to the identification of attenuating mutations in a total of 33 different loci, many of which include genes previously known to contribute to enteric infection (e. g., Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 [SPI-1], SPI-4, SPI-5, CS54, fliH, fljB, csgB, spvR, and rfbMN) in S. Enteritidis and other Salmonella serovars. Several genes or genomic islands that have not been reported previously (e.g., SPI-14, ksgA, SEN0034, SEN2278, and SEN3503) or that are absent in S. Typhimurium or in most other Salmonella serovars (e.g., pegD, SEN1152, SEN1393, and SEN1966) were also identified. Most mutants with reduced Caco-2 cell invasiveness also showed significantly reduced invasiveness in chicken liver cells and impaired survival in chicken macrophages and in egg albumen. Consequently, these genes may play an important role during infection of the chicken host and also contribute to successful egg contamination by S. Enteritidis. C1 [Shah, Devendra H.; Zhou, Xiaohui; Call, Douglas R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Shah, Devendra H.; Call, Douglas R.] Washington State Univ, Paul Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kim, Hye-Young] Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, Pomona, CA USA. [Guard, Jean] ARS, Egg Qual & Safety Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Shah, DH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dshah@vetmed.wsu.edu OI Shah, Devendra/0000-0001-6365-7868 FU NIAID, National Institutes of Health [N01-A1-30055]; College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University; National Institutes of Health [RR07049] FX This project was funded in part with federal funds from the NIAID, National Institutes of Health, under contract no. N01-A1-30055 and by the Agricultural Animal Health Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University. Hye-Young Kim was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grant RR07049. NR 103 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 80 IS 12 BP 4203 EP 4215 DI 10.1128/IAI.00790-12 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 036MQ UT WOS:000311030800016 PM 22988017 ER PT J AU Blackwell, DL Herald, TJ Bean, SR Gadgil, P AF Blackwell, Deidre L. Herald, Thomas J. Bean, Scott R. Gadgil, Prini TI Alkaline extraction of phenolic compounds from intact sorghum kernels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant activity; cereal grains; polyphenols; sorghum ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; DENT CORN; MILLET; PHYTOCHEMICALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; GENOTYPES; HEALTH; GRAIN C1 [Blackwell, Deidre L.; Herald, Thomas J.; Bean, Scott R.; Gadgil, Prini] ARS, CGAHR, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Herald, TJ (reprint author), ARS, CGAHR, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM tom.herald@ars.usda.gov OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2671 EP 2675 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03138.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 035WM UT WOS:000310983200025 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Yildirim-Aksoy, M Klesius, PH Srivastava, KK Reddy, PG AF Pridgeon, J. W. Yildirim-Aksoy, M. Klesius, P. H. Srivastava, K. K. Reddy, P. G. TI Attenuation of a virulent Aeromonas hydrophila with novobiocin and pathogenic characterization of the novobiocin-resistant strain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas hydrophila; attenuation; chemotaxis; novobiocin; virulence ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; INDIAN MAJOR CARPS; CHANNEL CATFISH; NILE TILAPIA; FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; POTENTIAL USE; COMMON CARP; VACCINE AB Aim To determine whether novobiocin resistance strategy could be used to attenuate a virulent Aeromonas hydrophila AH11P strain and to characterize the growth and pathogenic differences between the novobiocin-resistant strain and its virulent parent strain AH11P. Methods and Results A novobiocin-resistant strain AH11NOVO was obtained from a virulent Aer. hydrophila strain AH11P through selection of resistance to novobiocin. AH11NOVO was found to be avirulent to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), whereas AH11P was virulent. When AH11NOVO vaccinated channel catfish were challenged with AH11P at 14 days postvaccination, relative per cent of survival of vaccinated fish was 100%. The cell proliferation rate of AH11NOVO was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) less than that of AH11P. In vitro motility assay revealed that AH11NOVO was nonmotile, whereas AH11P was motile. AH11NOVO had significantly (P < 0.05) lower in vitro chemotactic response to catfish mucus than that of AH11P. Although the ability of AH11NOVO to attach catfish gill cells was similar to that of AH11P, the ability of AH11NOVO to invade catfish gill cells was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of AH11P. Conclusions The novobiocin-resistant AH11NOVO is attenuated and different from its parent AH11P in pathogenicity. Significance and Impact of the Study The significantly lower chemotactic response and invasion ability of AH11NOVO compared with that of its virulent parent strain AH11P might shed light on the pathogenesis of Aer. hydrophila. C1 [Pridgeon, J. W.; Yildirim-Aksoy, M.; Klesius, P. H.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Pridgeon, J. W.; Yildirim-Aksoy, M.; Srivastava, K. K.; Reddy, P. G.] Tuskegee Univ, Coll Vet Med Nursing & Allied Hlth, Dept Pathol, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM julia.pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D]; USDA NIFA [ALV-2010-02459]; NIFA FX We thank Drs. Dunhua Zhang (USDA-ARS) and Victor Panangala (USDA collaborator) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Beth Peterman (USDA-ARS) for her excellent technical support. We also thank the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care and management of the fish. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project no. 6420-32000-024-00D and USDA NIFA project no. ALV-2010-02459. M. Yildirim-Aksoy was a postdoctoral research associate supported by the NIFA project. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 113 IS 6 BP 1319 EP 1328 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05430.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 040AX UT WOS:000311292400003 PM 22897434 ER PT J AU Joshi, D Harris, NB Waters, R Thacker, T Mathema, B Krieswirth, B Sreevatsan, S AF Joshi, Deepti Harris, N. Beth Waters, Ray Thacker, Tyler Mathema, Barun Krieswirth, Barry Sreevatsan, Srinand TI Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mycobacterium bovis Genome Resolve Phylogenetic Relationships SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BCG STRAINS; M. BOVIS; TUBERCULOSIS; CHILDREN; VACCINES; DISEASE; GENE; SET AB Mycobacterium bovis isolates carry restricted allelic variation yet exhibit a range of disease phenotypes and host preferences. Conventional genotyping methods target small hypervariable regions of the M. bovis genome and provide anonymous biallelic information that is insufficient to develop phylogeny. To resolve phylogeny and establish trait-allele associations, we interrogated 75 M. bovis and 61 M. tuberculosis genomes for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), using iPLEX MassArray (Sequenom Inc., CA) technology. We indexed nucleotide variations in 306 genic and 44 intergenic loci among isolates derived from outbreaks in the United States from 1991 to 2010 and isolated from a variety of mammalian hosts. Two hundred six variant SNPs classified the 136 isolates and 4 previously sequenced strains (AF2122/97, BCG Pasteur, H37Rv, and CDC1551) into 5 major "SNP cluster groups." M. bovis isolates clustered into three major lineages based on 118 variant SNPs, while 84 SNPs differentiated the M. bovis BCG lineage from the virulent isolates. Forty-nine of the 51 human M. tuberculosis isolates were identical at all 350 loci studied. Thus, SNP-based analyses resolved the genotypic differences within M. bovis strains and differentiated these strains from M. tuberculosis strains representing diversity in time and space, providing population genetic frameworks that may aid in identifying factors responsible for the wide host range and disease phenotypes of M. bovis. C1 [Joshi, Deepti; Sreevatsan, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sreevatsan, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Harris, N. Beth] Anim & Plant Hlth Serv, USDA, Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Waters, Ray; Thacker, Tyler] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Mathema, Barun; Krieswirth, Barry] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Publ Hlth Res Inst Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Sreevatsan, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sreev001@umn.edu OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 FU Rapid Agricultural Response Fund (Agriculture Experiment Station); USDA FX This study was supported by the Rapid Agricultural Response Fund (Agriculture Experiment Station) and by a USDA-Specials grant awarded to S.S. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 BP 3853 EP 3861 DI 10.1128/JCM.01499-12 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 038ZE UT WOS:000311211800006 PM 22993186 ER PT J AU Carvalho, ER Schmelz-Roberts, NS White, HM Wilcox, CS Eicher, SD Donkin, SS AF Carvalho, E. R. Schmelz-Roberts, N. S. White, H. M. Wilcox, C. S. Eicher, S. D. Donkin, S. S. TI Feeding behaviors of transition dairy cows fed glycerol as a replacement for corn SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glycerol; feeding behavior; transition cow ID SORTING BEHAVIOR; RUMINAL ACIDOSIS; ALFALFA HAY; FORAGE; FERMENTATION; PRODUCTIVITY; MOLASSES; RATIONS; PERIOD; DIETS AB Feed sorting is a natural behavior of dairy cows that can result in inconsistencies in the nutritive value of a total mixed ration (TMR). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing high-moisture corn with glycerol on feed sorting and the feed intake pattern of transition dairy cows. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 26) were paired by expected calving date, housed in individual tie stalls, and fed diets containing either glycerol or high-moisture corn once daily from d -28 to +56 relative to calving. Glycerol was included at 11.5 and 10.8% of the ration dry matter for the pre- and postpartum diets, respectively. The feed consumption pattern was determined by measuring TMR disappearance during the intervals from 0 to 4 11, 4 to 8 h, 8 to 12 h, and 12 to 24 h relative to feed delivery. Feed sorting was determined on d -16, -9, 9, 16, and 51 relative to calving at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after feeding. The TMR particle size profile was determined at feed delivery and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 after feed delivery by using the Penn State Particle Separator (Nasco, Fort Atkinson, WI) to yield long (>19 mm), medium (<19 mm, >8 mm), short (<8 mm, >1.18 mm), and fine (<1.18 mm) particles. Overall feed intake did not differ between diets and was 14.7 +/- 0.4 and 20.2 +/- 0.5 kg/d for the pre- and postpartum intervals, respectively. During the prepartum period, glycerol decreased the amount of feed consumed during the first 4 h after feed delivery (7.22 vs. 5.59 +/- 0.35 kg; control vs. glycerol, respectively) but increased feed consumed from 12 through 24 h after feed delivery (2.22 vs. 3.82 +/- 0.35 kg; control vs. glycerol, respectively). Similar effects on the feed consumption pattern were observed after calving. During the prepartum period, cows fed the control diet sorted against long particles, whereas cows fed glycerol did not sort against long particles (77.2 vs. 101.5 +/- 3.50% of expected intake for control vs. glycerol; significant treatment effect). The data indicate that addition of glycerol to the TMR alters the feed consumption pattern to increase feed consumption late in the day at the expense of feed consumed immediately after feeding, and it reduces sorting behavior against long particles. Together, these may reduce diurnal variations in the rumen environment to promote greater rumen health in transition cows. C1 [Carvalho, E. R.; Schmelz-Roberts, N. S.; White, H. M.; Wilcox, C. S.; Donkin, S. S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Eicher, S. D.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Donkin, SS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sdonkin@purdue.edu FU Agricultural Food Research Initiative of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture (Washington, DC) [2007-55618-18237]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Ministerio da Educacao (Brasilia, Brazil) FX The authors acknowledge the support of Perry Doane and Archer Daniels Midland (Decatur, IL) for the generous gift of glycerol for this project, the help afforded them by Michael Grott and the Purdue Dairy Research and Education Center staff, and the laboratory expertise of Stephanie Koser (Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN). This project was supported by the Agricultural Food Research Initiative of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture (Washington, DC; Grant No. 2007-55618-18237). Scholarship support for E. R. Carvalho was from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Ministerio da Educacao (Brasilia, Brazil). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 95 IS 12 BP 7214 EP 7224 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3584 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 038RX UT WOS:000311192900040 PM 23084887 ER PT J AU Aguerre, MJ Wattiaux, MA Powell, JM AF Aguerre, M. J. Wattiaux, M. A. Powell, J. M. TI Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide during storage of dairy cow manure as affected by dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio and crust formation SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia; nitrous oxide; methane; manure ID MITIGATION; CATTLE; SLURRY; STRAW; STRATEGIES; RUMINANTS; OXIDATION; PROTEIN; LOSSES; RUMEN AB Sixteen 200-L barrels were used to determine the effects of dietary forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio on the rate of NH3-N, N2O, CH4, and CO2 emissions from dairy manure during a 77-d storage period. Manure was obtained from a companion study where cows were assigned to total mixed rations that included the following F:C ratio: 47:53, 54:46, 61:39, and 68:32 (diet dry matter basis) and housed in air-flow-controlled chambers constructed in a modified tiestall barn. On d 0 of this study, deposited manure and bedding from each emission chamber was thoroughly mixed, diluted with water (1.9 to 1 manure-to-water ratio) and loaded in barrels. In addition, on d 0, 7, 14, 28, 35, 49, 56, 63, 70, and 77 of storage, the rate of NH3-N, N2O, CH4, and CO2 emissions from each barrel were measured with a dynamic chamber and gas concentration measured with a photoacoustic multi-gas monitor. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Dietary F:C ratio had no effect on manure dry matter, total N and total ammoniacal-N (NH3-N + NH4+-N), or pH at the time of storage (mean +/- SD: 10.6 +/- 0.6%, 3.0 +/- 0.2%, 93.1 +/- 18.1 mg/dL, and 7.8 +/- 0.5, respectively). No treatment differences were observed in the overall rate of manure NH3-N, N2O, CH4, and CO2 emissions (mean +/- SD over the 77-d storage period; 117 +/- 25, 30 +/- 7, 299 +/- 62, and 15,396 +/- 753 mg/hr per m(2), respectively). The presence of straw bedding in manure promoted the formation of a surface crust that became air dried after about 1 mo of storage, and was associated with an altered pattern in NH3-N and N2O emissions in particular. Whereas NH3-N emission rate was highest on d 0 and gradually decreased until reaching negligible levels on d 35, N2O emission rate was almost zero the first 2 wk of storage, increased sharply to peak on d 35, and decreased subsequently. The emission rate of CH4 and CO2 peaked simultaneously on d 7, but decreased subsequently until the end of the storage period. In this study, C:N ratio of gaseous losses was 32:1, reflecting higher volatile C loss than volatile N loss during storage. On a CO2-equivalent basis, the most important source of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emitted was CH4 until formation of an air-dried crust, but N2O thereafter. Taken together, these results suggested that the formation of an air-dried crust resulting from the straw bedding present in the manure reduced drastically NH3-N, and CH4 emissions, but was conducive of N2O production and emission. C1 [Aguerre, M. J.; Wattiaux, M. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Powell, J. M.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wattiaux, MA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wattiaux@wisc.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 95 IS 12 BP 7409 EP 7416 DI 10.3168/jds.2012-5340 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 038RX UT WOS:000311192900062 PM 23021756 ER PT J AU Skala, K Chuang, RJ Evans, A Hedberg, AM Dave, J Sharma, S AF Skala, Katherine Chuang, Ru-Jye Evans, Alexandra Hedberg, Ann-Marie Dave, Jayna Sharma, Shreela TI Ethnic Differences in the Home Food Environment and Parental Food Practices Among Families of Low-Income Hispanic and African-American Preschoolers SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Early childhood; Family health; Nutrition; Obesity; Minority populations ID VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; FEEDING PRACTICES; EATING BEHAVIORS; DIETARY-INTAKE; AGED CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; ADOLESCENTS; FRUIT; MEALS AB The family and home environment are important in shaping the dietary patterns of children, yet research among low-income, minority groups is limited. We examined ethnic differences in the home food environment and parental practices among 706 low-income, African-American and Hispanic families of preschoolers. Questionnaires measured the access and availability of various foods in the home, parental practices, and meal consumption behaviors. Mixed model logistic regression and ANCOVA were used to assess ethnic differences. Unhealthy foods were available for both groups. Hispanic families were more likely to have fresh vegetables (AOR = 2.9, P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.001), fruit (AOR = 2.0, P = 0.004), and soda available (AOR = 1.40, P = 0.001) compared to African-Americans. African-Americans families were more likely to restrict (AOR = 0.63, P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.001) and reward with dessert (AOR = 0.69, P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.001). Hispanic families consumed more family meals together (P = 0.003) and less meals in front of the television (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.006). Health promotion interventions should consider the behavioral differences between ethnicities. C1 [Skala, Katherine; Chuang, Ru-Jye; Hedberg, Ann-Marie; Sharma, Shreela] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Skala, Katherine; Chuang, Ru-Jye; Evans, Alexandra; Hedberg, Ann-Marie; Sharma, Shreela] Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Hlth Living, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Dave, Jayna] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Evans, Alexandra] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Austin, TX USA. RP Skala, K (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, 7000 Fannin Ste 2510I, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Katherine.a.skala@Uth.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R25 CA057712-18, #2 R25 CA57712, R25 CA057712] NR 46 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD DEC PY 2012 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1014 EP 1022 DI 10.1007/s10903-012-9575-9 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 036MM UT WOS:000311030400015 PM 22262411 ER PT J AU Fontenot, EA Arthur, FH Nechols, JR Throne, JE AF Fontenot, Emily A. Arthur, Frank H. Nechols, James R. Throne, James E. TI Using a population growth model to simulate response of Plodia interpunctella Hubner populations to timing and frequency of insecticide treatments SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Methoprene; Pyrethrins; Model; Plodia interpunctella ID INDIANMEAL MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT; LOW-TEMPERATURES; 5TH INSTARS; PYRALIDAE; EFFICACY; RAISINS; GRAIN; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL AB Management strategies for urban and stored-product pests are chosen for a variety of attributes including cost, efficacy, and human safety. Insect growth regulators, which are low-risk alternatives to traditional neurotoxic insecticides, may be valuable management options. However, as these new products become available there is a need to determine efficacy in regard to survival after exposure and effect on population dynamics, so that overall value of these treatment methods can be determined. This study was conducted to predict the effects of methoprene and two conventional insecticides combined with methoprene on development of Plodia interpunctella Hubner populations on an optimal diet and on a suboptimal diet. Effects on populations were simulated using a modified temperature-based growth model at 24, 30, and 35 A degrees C, and the effects of timing and frequency of insecticide treatments were determined. The results of this simulation study predict rapid population growth of P. interpunctella populations on optimal and suboptimal diets, and that single applications of a contact insecticide or aerosol may not be sufficient to manage P. interpunctella populations over a 6-month period. C1 [Arthur, Frank H.; Throne, James E.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Fontenot, Emily A.] Joint FAO IAEA Div Nucl Techn Food & Agr IAEA, Insect Pest Control Lab, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Nechols, James R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/CSREES [00-511-01-9674] FX We thank J. A. Johnson for reviewing a draft of this manuscript prior to submission. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture or by Kansas State University. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This study was supported by the USDA/CSREES Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program Award No. 00-511-01-9674. This paper is contribution no. 12-101-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 85 IS 4 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s10340-012-0436-z PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 042XC UT WOS:000311504200008 ER PT J AU Bakota, EL Winkler-Moser, JK Palmquist, DE AF Bakota, Erica L. Winkler-Moser, Jill K. Palmquist, Debra E. TI Solid Fat Content as a Substitute for Total Polar Compound Analysis in Edible Oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Oxidative stability; Spectroscopy; Fats and oils ID TIME-DOMAIN NMR; FRYING OILS; PHASE EXTRACTION; ROOM ODOR; QUALITY; ANTIOXIDANTS AB The solid fat contents (SFC) of heated edible oil samples were measured and found to correlate positively with total polar compounds (TPC) and inversely with triglyceride concentration. Traditional methods for determination of TPC require a laboratory setting and are time and solvent intensive. Therefore, SFC analysis represents a viable user-friendly alternative to measuring total polar components in environments where low-resolution NMR may already be in use, for example, in quality assurance environments. The slope of SFC measurements versus time was also found to correlate with the oxidative stability index of the edible oils studied. C1 [Bakota, Erica L.; Palmquist, Debra E.] ARS, Midwest Area, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bakota, EL (reprint author), ARS, Midwest Area, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N,Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Erica.Bakota@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 89 IS 12 BP 2135 EP 2142 DI 10.1007/s11746-012-2121-z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 041KJ UT WOS:000311400400003 ER PT J AU Bantchev, GB Biresaw, G AF Bantchev, Grigor B. Biresaw, Girma TI Film-Forming Properties of Blends of High-Oleic Sunflower Oil with Polyalkyl Glycol SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Elastohydrodynamic film thickness; Bio-based lubricant; Polyalkylglycol; PAG; Blends; Pressure-viscosity coefficient; Pressure; Density; Viscosity scaling law ID HIGH-PRESSURE; VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; WAVES AB The viscosity, density, and elastohydrodynamic film thicknesses of oil-soluble polyalkyl glycols (PAG), high oleic sunflower oil (HOSuO), and their 50/50 (wt.%) blends were investigated. The viscosity and density of the blends were found to be predictable from the corresponding neat oil properties using simple mixing rules. Pressure-viscosity coefficients (PVC) of HOSuO, the two PAGs, and the two 50 wt% HOSuO/50 wt% PAG blends were calculated from measured film thickness data using the Hamrock-Dowson method and compared to values estimated from literature data. Literature pressure-density and viscosity-temperature data for oils with high-oleic acid group content were analyzed using the Tait and Casalini et al. models. Viscosity versus pressure data obtained from these analyses was used to calculate PVC using the Barus and Bair et al. models. The PVC values calculated from the literature data following this procedure showed reasonable agreement with that from film thickness data from this work. C1 [Bantchev, Grigor B.; Biresaw, Girma] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bantchev, GB (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM grigor.bantchev@ars.usda.gov OI Bantchev, Grigor/0000-0003-2790-5195 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 89 IS 12 BP 2227 EP 2235 DI 10.1007/s11746-012-2120-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 041KJ UT WOS:000311400400011 ER PT J AU Compton, DL Laszlo, JA Appell, M Vermillion, KE Evans, KO AF Compton, David L. Laszlo, Joseph A. Appell, Michael Vermillion, Karl E. Evans, Kervin O. TI Influence of Fatty Acid Desaturation on Spontaneous Acyl Migration in 2-Monoacylglycerols SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Activation energy; Acyl migration; Kinetics; 2-Monoacylglycerol; Structured lipids ID STRUCTURED LIPIDS; KINETICS; ETHANOLYSIS; GLYCERIDES; DEPENDENCE; LIPASE; OIL AB The effect of desaturation from the C9 to the C15 carbon of 2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) fatty acids on spontaneous acyl migration is described. Three 2-MAG species, 2-monooleoylglycerol (C18:1 cis-Delta 9), 2-monolinoleoylglycerol (C18:2 cis-Delta 9,12), and 2-monolinolenoylglycerol (C18:3 cis-Delta 9,12,15) were synthesized by lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of their respective triacylglycerols and isolated in > 60 % yield and at 2-MAG purities of > 95 % relative to 1-monoacylglycerol (1-MAG). H-1-NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the spontaneous acyl migration of the 2-MAG species over a temperature range from 20 to 80 A degrees C. The relative energies of activation calculated from the Arrhenius relationships of the 2-MAG acyl migration rate constants were 73.3, 68.0, and 72.9 kJ mol(-1) for the three 2-MAG species, respectively. Density functional calculations performed using the B3LYP functional at the 6-31+G* basis set on the three ketal ring intermediate of the three 2-MAG species followed a similar trend with a lack of relative energetic preference associated with the degree of desaturation. The kinetically determined relative activation energies were approximately twofold higher than the theoretical relative Gibbs free energies of the intermediates, suggesting that other factors influence acyl migration. In general, increasing desaturation after the C9 carbon of 2-MAG fatty acids had no appreciable effect on acyl migration rates. C1 [Compton, David L.; Laszlo, Joseph A.; Evans, Kervin O.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Appell, Michael] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Vermillion, Karl E.] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Compton, DL (reprint author), ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM david.compton@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 89 IS 12 BP 2259 EP 2267 DI 10.1007/s11746-012-2113-z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 041KJ UT WOS:000311400400015 ER PT J AU Andreasen, AM Stewart, KM Longland, WS Beckmann, JP Forister, ML AF Andreasen, Alyson M. Stewart, Kelley M. Longland, William S. Beckmann, Jon P. Forister, Matthew L. TI Identification of source-sink dynamics in mountain lions of the Great Basin SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geneflow; Great Basin; metapopulation; microsatellite; population structure; Puma concolor; source-sink dynamics ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENE FLOW; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; CARNIVORE MANAGEMENT; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COUGAR POPULATIONS; HUNTED POPULATION AB Natural and anthropogenic boundaries have been shown to affect population dynamics and population structure for many species with movement patterns at the landscape level. Understanding population boundaries and movement rates in the field for species that are cryptic and occur at low densities is often extremely difficult and logistically prohibitive; however genetic techniques may offer insights that have previously been unattainable. We analysed thirteen microsatellite loci for 739 mountain lions (Puma concolor) using muscle tissue samples from individuals in the Great Basin throughout Nevada and the Sierra Nevada mountain range to test the hypothesis that heterogeneous hunting pressure results in source-sink dynamics at the landscape scale. We used a combination of non-spatial and spatial model-based Bayesian clustering methods to identify genetic populations. We then used a recently developed Bayesian multilocus genotyping method to estimate asymmetrical rates of contemporary movement between those subpopulations and to identify source and sink populations. We identified two populations at the highest level of genetic structuring with a total of five subpopulations in the Great Basin of Nevada and the Sierra Nevada range. Our results suggest that source-sink dynamics occur at landscape scales for wide-ranging species, such as mountain lions, and that source populations may be those that are under relatively less hunting pressure and that occupy refugia. C1 [Andreasen, Alyson M.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Stewart, Kelley M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89503 USA. [Longland, William S.] Univ Nevada, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Beckmann, Jon P.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, N Amer Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Forister, Matthew L.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Andreasen, AM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, 1664 N Virginia St,Stop 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM amandrea@unr.edu FU Wildlife Conservation Society; Nevada Wildlife Commissioners Heritage Fund; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station; Nevada Division of State Lands Lake Tahoe License Plate Grant; Nevada Bighorns Unlimited; Carson Valley Chukar Club; Northern Nevada Chapter of the Safari Club; Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Department; Biology Department; Graduate Student Association; program of Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology at the University of Nevada, Reno FX We thank the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) for providing us with tissue samples and location data of harvested mountain lions. Carl Lackey and Russell Woolstenhulme (NDOW) provided helpful information regarding mountain lion harvest trends throughout Nevada and were invaluable in making tissue samples available. We thank the individuals who collected samples in California including personnel from the US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services and the California Department of Fish and Game. We are grateful to Dr. Mary Peacock for providing us laboratory facilities at the Conservation Genetics Center and advice on genetic analysis. We are grateful to V. Kirchoff and M. Robinson for providing technical advice on microsatellite analyses. We thank B. Pierce for helpful discussions regarding source-sink dynamics of mountain lions. We thank O. Gaggiotti for kindly discussing interpretation of results from the program BIMR and statistical concerns. We thank J. Courtwright and J. Willers who assisted with sample preparation. We thank S. Shea and E. Dalen for discussions regarding factors that influence mountain lion harvest throughout Nevada. We thank S. Shea for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Earlier versions of this manuscript were also greatly improved by the comments of H. Robison, D. Stoner, C. Schroeder and S. Morano and three anonymous reviewers. Financial support for this study was provided by the Wildlife Conservation Society, Nevada Wildlife Commissioners Heritage Fund, Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, Nevada Division of State Lands Lake Tahoe License Plate Grant, Nevada Bighorns Unlimited, Carson Valley Chukar Club and the Northern Nevada Chapter of the Safari Club. The Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Department, the Biology Department, the Graduate Student Association and the program of Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology at the University of Nevada, Reno also provided funding. NR 69 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 131 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 23 BP 5689 EP 5701 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05740.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 041JV UT WOS:000311399000008 PM 22934825 ER PT J AU Low, C Scheffer, SJ Lewis, ML Gates, MW AF Low, Candace Scheffer, Sonja J. Lewis, Matthew L. Gates, Michael W. TI The relationship between variable host grouping and functional responses among parasitoids of Antispila nysaefoliella (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community ecology; dilution effect; DNA barcoding; field survey; functional response; life history strategy; mtDNA COI ID OPTIMAL CLUTCH SIZE; LEAF-MINING MOTH; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SELFISH HERD; MORTALITY HYPOTHESIS; APHYTIS-LINGNANENSIS; DISCRETE GENERATIONS; SEISMIC BEHAVIORS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR METHODS AB Our study investigated the importance of variability in the parasitoid community as a source of selection on host group size using a field population of the tupelo leafminer, Antispila nysaefoliella Clemens, which specializes on tupelo, Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Larvae were collected from leaves with variable numbers of larvae and screened for parasitism using polymerase chain reaction of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I using markers designed specifically for amplifying parasitoid DNA while excluding host DNA. This method of selective PCR was effective for detecting the presence and identifying species of immature stages of three hymenopteran superfamilies: Chalcidoidea, Ichneumonoidea and Platygastroidea, which represented 83.4%, 16.0% and 0.6% of the total detectable parasitism, respectively. Our resulting sequences were then calibrated with sequences from identified adult parasitoids that had been either reared or field-captured. A cluster analysis revealed 10 distinct clades that showed differences in attack patterns with respect to host traits and season. Total parasitism followed an inverse density-dependent or density-independent pattern with respect to host density (number per leaf). However, when parasitoid taxa were considered separately, one clade, which could be a cryptic species of Pnigalio maculipes Crawford (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae), was found to increase its per leaf attack rate with host density. Our results suggest that parasitoid community composition and differences among species in their attack strategies can play a large role in determining the adaptive advantage of host grouping. C1 [Low, Candace] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Scheffer, Sonja J.; Lewis, Matthew L.; Gates, Michael W.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gates, Michael W.] USDA ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Low, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cl754@cornell.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-0904395, DEB-0608392] FX We are extremely grateful to John Endler, Roger Nisbet and Todd Oakley for their support and initial discussions on this project; Blandy Experimental Farm, Al Uy and Tom Starmer for logistical help and laboratory space; and Stonebridge Farm for access to their property. The manuscript was improved greatly by suggestions from Rosemary Gillespie and three anonymous reviewers. This project was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation Grants, DBI-0904395 and DEB-0608392, both awarded to C. L. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 23 BP 5892 EP 5904 DI 10.1111/mec.12061 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 041JV UT WOS:000311399000020 PM 23094653 ER PT J AU Dong, LL Huo, NX Wang, Y Deal, K Luo, MC Wang, DW Anderson, OD Gu, YQ AF Dong, Lingli Huo, Naxin Wang, Yi Deal, Karin Luo, Ming-Cheng Wang, Daowen Anderson, Olin D. Gu, Yong Qiang TI Exploring the diploid wheat ancestral A genome through sequence comparison at the high-molecular-weight glutenin locus region SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE T. urartu; Wheat evolution; Divergence time; Polyploidization; Molecular markers ID LOW-COPY DNA; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; POLYPLOID WHEAT; TRITICUM-MONOCOCCUM; ORTHOLOGOUS REGIONS; AEGILOPS-SPELTOIDES; A-GENOME; B GENOME; EVOLUTION; GENE AB The polyploid nature of hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum, AABBDD) often represents a great challenge in various aspects of research including genetic mapping, map-based cloning of important genes, and sequencing and accurately assembly of its genome. To explore the utility of ancestral diploid species of polyploid wheat, sequence variation of T. urartu (A(u)A(u)) was analyzed by comparing its 277-kb large genomic region carrying the important Glu-1 locus with the homologous regions from the A genomes of the diploid T. monococcum (A(m)A(m)), tetraploid T. turgidum (AABB), and hexaploid T. aestivum (AABBDD). Our results revealed that in addition to a high degree of the gene collinearity, nested retroelement structures were also considerably conserved among the A(u) genome and the A genomes in polyploid wheats, suggesting that the majority of the repetitive sequences in the A genomes of polyploid wheats originated from the diploid A(u) genome. The difference in the compared region between A(u) and A is mainly caused by four differential TE insertion and two deletion events between these genomes. The estimated divergence time of A genomes calculated on nucleotide substitution rate in both shared TEs and collinear genes further supports the closer evolutionary relationship of A to A(u) than to A(m). The structure conservation in the repetitive regions promoted us to develop repeat junction markers based on the A(u) sequence for mapping the A genome in hexaploid wheat. Eighty percent of these repeat junction markers were successfully mapped to the corresponding region in hexaploid wheat, suggesting that T. urartu could serve as a useful resource for developing molecular markers for genetic and breeding studies in hexaploid wheat. C1 [Dong, Lingli; Huo, Naxin; Wang, Yi; Anderson, Olin D.; Gu, Yong Qiang] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Dong, Lingli; Huo, Naxin; Wang, Yi; Deal, Karin; Luo, Ming-Cheng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wang, Daowen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, State Key Lab Plant Cell & Chromosome Engn, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Gu, YQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM yong.gu@ars.usda.gov RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; OI wang, dao wen/0000-0002-6230-8735 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service grant CRIS [53250221000-011]; National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program Cooperative Agreement [IOS 0822100] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Jan Dvorak for providing the BAC filters and clones and Devin Coleman-Derr and Humphrey Wanjugi for assistance in characterization and sequencing of BAC clones. Sequencing of the BAC clones was supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service grant CRIS 53250221000-011. This work is also supported in part by National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program Cooperative Agreement IOS 0822100. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD DEC PY 2012 VL 287 IS 11-12 BP 855 EP 866 DI 10.1007/s00438-012-0721-9 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 043IS UT WOS:000311536900003 PM 23052831 ER PT J AU Wang, XW Wadl, PA Wood-Jones, A Windham, G Trigiano, RN Scruggs, M Pilgrim, C Baird, R AF Wang, Xinwang Wadl, Phillip A. Wood-Jones, Alicia Windham, Gary Trigiano, Robert N. Scruggs, Mary Pilgrim, Candace Baird, Richard TI Characterization of Expressed Sequence Tag-Derived Simple Sequence Repeat Markers for Aspergillus flavus: Emphasis on Variability of Isolates from the Southern United States SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; Genetic variability; EST-SSR; Haploid diversity; Host difference; Aflatoxin ID RANDOM AMPLIFIED MICROSATELLITES; GENETIC-VARIATION; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; STRAINS; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; ORYZAE; NOMIUS; IDENTIFICATION AB Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed from Aspergillus flavus expressed sequence tag (EST) database to conduct an analysis of genetic relationships of Aspergillus isolates from numerous host species and geographical regions, but primarily from the United States. Twenty-nine primers were designed from 362 tri-nucleotide EST-SSR sequences. Eighteen polymorphic loci were used to genotype 96 Aspergillus species isolates. The number of alleles detected per locus ranged from 2 to 24 with a mean of 8.2 alleles. Haploid diversity ranged from 0.28 to 0.91. Genetic distance matrix was used to perform principal coordinates analysis (PCA) and to generate dendrograms using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Two principal coordinates explained more than 75 % of the total variation among the isolates. One clade was identified for A. flavus isolates (n = 87) with the other Aspergillus species (n = 7) using PCA, but five distinct clusters were present when the others taxa were excluded from the analysis. Six groups were noted when the EST-SSR data were compared using UPGMA. However, the latter PCA or UPGMA comparison resulted in no direct associations with host species, geographical region or aflatoxin production. Furthermore, there was no direct correlation to visible morphological features such as sclerotial types. The isolates from Mississippi Delta region, which contained the largest percentage of isolates, did not show any unusual clustering except for isolates K32, K55, and 199. Further studies of these three isolates are warranted to evaluate their pathogenicity, aflatoxin production potential, additional gene sequences (e.g., RPB2), and morphological comparisons. C1 [Wang, Xinwang] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort Sci, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Wadl, Phillip A.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Windham, Gary] Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS CHPRRU, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Wang, XW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort Sci, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. EM xw-wang@tamu.edu; RBaird@plantpath.msstate.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [58-6404-7-213] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Grant # 58-6404-7-213. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by Mississippi State University, Texas A&M University, the University of Tennessee, or the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD DEC PY 2012 VL 174 IS 5-6 BP 371 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s11046-012-9573-4 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 035ZO UT WOS:000310994100004 PM 22911544 ER PT J AU Demirozer, O Tyler-Julian, K Funderburk, J Leppla, N Reitz, S AF Demirozer, Ozan Tyler-Julian, Kara Funderburk, Joe Leppla, Norm Reitz, Stuart TI Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables in Florida SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE thrips; integrated pest management; Frankliniella occidentalis; fruiting vegetables; tospovirus ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; TOMATO SPOTTED WILT; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS HETEROPTERA; FIELD-GROWN TOMATOES; RESISTANCE IN-FIELD; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; THYSANOPTERA THRIPIDAE; PLANT-DISTRIBUTION; NATURAL ENEMIES; VIRUS AB BACKGROUND: The spread of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), resulted in the worldwide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. Efforts to control the pest and the thrips-vectored tospoviruses with calendar applications of broad-spectrum insecticides have been unsuccessful. The result has been a classic 3-R situation: resistance to numerous insecticides; resurgence of the western flower thrips populations as a result of natural predators and native competitor thrips being eliminated; replacement by various other pests. This paper reports on integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables that are effective, economical, ecologically sound and sustainable. RESULTS: The components include the following: define pest status (economic thresholds); increase biotic resistance (natural enemies and competition); integrate preventive and therapeutic tactics (scouting, ultraviolet-reflective technologies, biological control, compatible insecticides, companion plants and fertility); vertically integrate the programs with other pests; continually communicate latest science-based management tactics with end-users. CONCLUSION: These programs have been widely implemented in Florida and have significantly improved the management of western flower thrips and thrips-transmitted viruses. Copyright (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Demirozer, Ozan] Suleyman Demirel Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, TR-32260 Isparta, Turkey. [Tyler-Julian, Kara; Funderburk, Joe] Univ Florida, Quincy, FL USA. [Leppla, Norm] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Reitz, Stuart] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Reitz, Stuart] Oregon State Univ, Ontario, OR USA. RP Demirozer, O (reprint author), Suleyman Demirel Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, TR-32260 Isparta, Turkey. EM ozandemirozer@sdu.edu.tr NR 78 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1537 EP 1545 DI 10.1002/ps.3389 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 040DQ UT WOS:000311301400002 PM 23109226 ER PT J AU Li, SZ Jin, XX Chen, J AF Li, Shezeng Jin, Xixuan Chen, Jian TI Effects of piperidine and piperideine alkaloids from the venom of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, on Pythium ultimum Trow growth in vitro and the application of piperideine alkaloids to control cucumber damping-off in the greenhouse SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE piperidines; piperideines; venom alkaloids; Pythium ultimum; red imported fire ant ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANT-DISEASES; TRICHODERMA; PREEMERGENCE; GERMINATION; SPORANGIUM; MECHANISMS; PROTECTION; PATHOGENS; COTTON AB BACKGROUND: Pythium ultimum is a plant pathogen that causes significant yield losses on many economically important crops. Chemical treatment has been used for disease control. In searching for alternatives, venom piperidine and piperideine alkaloids from red imported fire ants were tested against P. ultimum in vitro, and piperideines were employed to control cucumber damping-off in the greenhouse as drench treatments. Results Piperidine and piperideine alkaloids of the red imported fire ant significantly inhibited mycelium growth of P. ultimum. Piperidine alkaloids were stable at both room and elevated temperatures. The inhibitory activity positively correlated with the concentrations of piperidine alkaloids in the medium, and the EC50 = 17.0 mu g ml-1. Germination of sporangia of P. ultimum was negatively correlated with the concentrations of piperidine alkaloids in the medium, and the EC50 = 12.3 mu g ml-1. The piperideine alkaloid drenching treatment significantly improved seedling emergence and seedling height of cucumber. CONCLUSION: This is the first report describing the use of venom alkaloids from the red imported fire ant to inhibit P. ultimum in the laboratory and the application of piperideine alkaloids to control damping-off disease caused by P. ultimum in the greenhouse. These findings may lead to the development of a new group of fungicides. Copyright (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Jin, Xixuan; Chen, Jian] USDA ARS MSA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Li, Shezeng] Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Baoding, Hebei Province, Peoples R China. RP Jin, XX (reprint author), USDA ARS MSA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Natl Biol Control Lab, 59 Lee Rd,POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM xixuan.jin@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1546 EP 1552 DI 10.1002/ps.3337 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 040DQ UT WOS:000311301400003 PM 22685059 ER PT J AU Suckling, DM Stringer, LD Corn, JE Bunn, B El-Sayed, AM Vander Meer, RK AF Suckling, David Maxwell Stringer, Lloyd D. Corn, Joshua E. Bunn, Barry El-Sayed, Ashraf M. Vander Meer, Robert K. TI Aerosol delivery of trail pheromone disrupts the foraging of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE red imported fire ant; ant; trail pheromone; trail disruption; invasive species; Z; E-a-farnesene; Solenopsis invicta; pheromone delivery ID INVASIVE ARGENTINE ANT; LEAF-CUTTING ANT; COMMUNICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; MOTHS; FIELD; PYRALIDAE; PUFFERS AB BACKGROUND: The fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is one of the most aggressive and invasive species in the world. The trail pheromone Z,E-a-farnesene (91% purity) was prepared, and disruption of worker trail orientation was tested using an ethanol-based aerosol formulation presenting a single puff of this compound by airbrush and compressed air. Trail-following behaviour was recorded by overhead webcam and ants digitised before and after presentation of the aerosol treatment at four rates (1.6, 16, 160 and 1600 ng cm-2). RESULTS: Ants preferred 110 ng cm-1 over 11, 1.1 and 0.11 ng cm-1 for trail following. Within seconds of presentation of 1600 ng cm-2, the highest dose tested, trail disruption was observed. Disruption was evident as reduced arrival success and reduction in the trail integrity statistic (r2), as well as increased deviation from the trail (deg). The distribution of walking track angles was also flattened. CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of using aerosol for delivery of trail pheromone was demonstrated, but the need for high purity combined with the difficulty of commercial supply makes this technique impractical. However, the commercial production of Z,E-a-farnesene of high purity by industrial biotechnology or from (E)-nerolidol may be possible in future, which would facilitate further development of trail pheromone disruption of S. invicta. Copyright (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Suckling, David Maxwell; Stringer, Lloyd D.; Corn, Joshua E.; El-Sayed, Ashraf M.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Bunn, Barry] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Vander Meer, Robert K.] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Suckling, DM (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res, PB 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM max.suckling@plantandfood.co.nz RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010; OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348; Stringer, Lloyd/0000-0002-6345-0768 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service (Gainesville); New Zealand Ministry for Science and Innovation FX Thanks to USDA Agricultural Research Service (Gainesville) for supporting this work, which was also funded by the New Zealand Ministry for Science and Innovation ('Better Border Biosecurity', www.b3nz.org). Thanks also to Warrick J Allen and Andrew Twidle for solvent extraction of the apples, and to Michele Hosack for processing samples used in estimating release rates. The authors are also grateful to Dr Alisdair Noble for statistical advice, and to Tom Sullivan for building the solenoid timer. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1572 EP 1578 DI 10.1002/ps.3349 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 040DQ UT WOS:000311301400006 PM 22815260 ER PT J AU Yan, L Liu, SW Zhao, SY Kang, YL Wang, DX Gu, TW Xin, ZG Xia, GM Huang, YH AF Yan, Li Liu, Shuwei Zhao, Shuangyi Kang, Yali Wang, Duoxiang Gu, Tongwei Xin, Zhanguo Xia, Guangmin Huang, Yinghua TI Identification of differentially expressed genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) brown midrib mutants SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; CELL-WALL BIOSYNTHESIS; DOWN-REGULATION; LIGNIN COMPOSITION; MAIZE; MANIPULATION; MUTATION; DIGESTIBILITY AB Sorghum, a species able to produce a high yield of biomass and tolerate both drought and poor soil fertility, is considered to be a potential bioenergy crop candidate. The reduced lignin content characteristic of brown midrib (bmr) mutants improves the efficiency of bioethanol conversion from biomass. Suppression subtractive hybridization combined with cDNA microarray profiling was performed to characterize differential gene expression in a set of 13 bmr mutants, which accumulate significantly less lignin than the wild-type plant BTx623. Among the 153 differentially expressed genes identified, 43 were upregulated and 110 downregulated in the mutants. A semi-quantitative RTPCR analysis applied to 12 of these genes largely validated the microarray analysis data. The transcript abundance of genes encoding l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase was less in the mutants than in the wild type, consistent with the expectation that both enzymes are associated with lignin synthesis. However, the gene responsible for the lignin synthesis enzyme cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase was upregulated in the mutants, indicating that the production of monolignol from l-phenylalanine may involve more than one pathway. The identity of the differentially expressed genes could be useful for breeding sorghum with improved efficiency of bioethanol conversion from lignocellulosic biomass. C1 [Yan, Li; Liu, Shuwei; Zhao, Shuangyi; Kang, Yali; Wang, Duoxiang; Gu, Tongwei; Xia, Guangmin] Shandong Univ, Sch Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Plant Cell Engn & Germplasm Innovat, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Yan, Li; Zhao, Shuangyi; Huang, Yinghua] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Xin, Zhanguo] ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Xia, GM (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Plant Cell Engn & Germplasm Innovat, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. EM xiagm@sdu.edu.cn; yinghua.huang@ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; National Key Technology R&D Program of China [2009BADA7B01] FX This research was funded by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2009BADA7B01). The authors thank Ms. Angie Phillips for her excellent technical support. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability and, where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202)720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S. W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800)795-3272 (voice) or (202)720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-9317 EI 1399-3054 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 146 IS 4 BP 375 EP 387 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01646.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 035PU UT WOS:000310960700001 PM 22578303 ER PT J AU Vittal, R Haudenshield, JS Hartman, GL AF Vittal, R. Haudenshield, J. S. Hartman, G. L. TI A Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Method Identifies Phakopsora pachyrhizi Urediniospores and Determines Their Viability SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMON RESONANCE IMMUNOSENSOR; SOYBEAN RUST; PROPIDIUM IODIDE; CALCOFLUOR WHITE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; NUCLEAR MARKER; UNITED-STATES; SPORES; PATHOGEN; FUN-1 AB Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, occurs concomitantly wherever soybean is grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. After reports of its first occurrence in Brazil in 2001 and the continental United States in 2004, research on the disease and its pathogen has greatly increased. One area of research has focused on capturing urediniospores. primarily by rain collection or wind traps, and detecting them either by microscopic observations or by immunological or molecular techniques. This system of detection has been touted for use as a potential warning system to recommend early applications of fungicides. One shortcoming of the method has been an inability to determine whether the spores are viable. Our study developed a method to detect viable P pachyrhizi urediniospores using, an immunofluorescence assay combined with propidium iodide (PI) staining. Antibodies reacted to P. pachyrhizi and other Phakopsora spp. but did not react with other common soybean pathogens or most other rust fungi tested, based on an indirect immunofluorescence assay using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled secondary antibodies. Two vital staining techniques were used to assess viability of P pachyrhizi urediniospores: one combined carboxy fluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and PI, and the other utilized (2-chloro-4-[2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-(benzo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-methylidene]-1-phenylquinolinium iodide] (FUN 1). Using the CFDA-PI method, viable spores stained green with CFDA and nonviable spores counterstained red with PI. Using the FUN I method, cylindrical intravacuolar structures were induced to form within metabolically active urediniospores, causing them to fluoresce bright red to reddish-orange, whereas dead spores, with no metabolic activity, had an extremely diffused, faint fluorescence. An immunofluorescence technique in combination with PI counterstaining was developed to specifically detect viable P. pachyrhizi urediniospores. The method is rapid and reliable, with a potential for application in forecasting soybean rust based on the detection of viable urediniospores. C1 [Vittal, R.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Haudenshield, J. S.; Hartman, G. L.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu FU Soybean Diseases Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Council on Food and Agricultural Research; United Soybean Board FX We thank the Soybean Diseases Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Council on Food and Agricultural Research, and the United Soybean Board for financial support; the Immunological Resource Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for assistance with the antibody production; the U.S. National Fungal Collections for providing P. gossypii (BPI 025900) and P. zizyphi (BPI 877333) samples; L. Szabo for providing Puccinia coronata, P graminis, and P triticina samples; C. Bradley, D. Eastburn, J. F. Helmet), and J. Pataky for providing P. striiformis, P. sorghii, Phakopsora meibomiae, and Puccinia polysora samples, respectively; H.-C. Yang for providing a Colletotrichum destructivum isolate: and the members of the Laboratory for Soybean Disease Research at the University of Illinois for providing other soybean pathogens used in this study. Trade and manufacturers names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 12 BP 1143 EP 1152 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-02-12-0040-R PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 043FL UT WOS:000311528200004 PM 22894915 ER PT J AU Loconsole, G Onelge, N Potere, O Giampetruzzi, A Bozan, O Satar, S De Stradis, A Savino, V Yokomi, RK Saponari, M AF Loconsole, G. Oenelge, N. Potere, O. Giampetruzzi, A. Bozan, O. Satar, S. De Stradis, A. Savino, V. Yokomi, R. K. Saponari, M. TI Identification and Characterization of Citrus yellow vein clearing virus, A Putative New Member of the Genus Mandarivirus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAND RNA VIRUSES; GENOME ORGANIZATION; RINGSPOT VIRUS; PLANT-VIRUSES; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; CONSERVATION; POTEXVIRUSES; PHYLOGENY; MOVEMENT AB Molecular features and genomic organization were determined for Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV), the putative viral causal agent of yellow vein clearing disease of lemon trees, reported in Pakistan, India, and more recently in Turkey and China. CYVCV isolate Y1 from Adana, Turkey, was used for deep sequencing analysis of the virus-induced small RNA fractions and for mechanical and graft inoculation of herbaceous and citrus indicator plants. A polyclonal antiserum was developed from CYVCV-Y1 purified from Phaseolus vulgaris and used in western blot assays to characterize the coat protein of CYVCV-Y1 and determine its serological relationship with related viruses. Contigs assembled from the Illumina sequenced short reads were used to construct the whole genome of Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV), consisting in a positive-sense RNA of 7,529 nucleotides and containing six predicted open reading frames. The CYVCV genome organization and size resembled that of flexiviruses, and search for sequence homologies revealed that Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV) (Mandarivirus, Alpha-flexiviridae) is the most closely related virus. However, CYVCV had an overall nucleotide sequence identity of =74% with ICRSV. Although the two viruses were similar with regard to genome organization, viral particles, and herbaceous host range, CYVCV caused different symptoms in citrus and was serologically distinct from ICRSV. Primer pairs were designed and used to detect the virus by conventional and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on yellow vein clearing symptomatic field trees as well as graft- and mechanically inoculated host plants. Collectively, these data suggest that CYVCV is the causal agent of yellow vein clearing disease and represents a new species in the genus Mandarivirus. C1 [De Stradis, A.; Saponari, M.] UOS Bari, CNR, Ist Virol Vegetale, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Yokomi, R. K.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Oenelge, N.; Bozan, O.; Satar, S.] Cukurova Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-01330 Balcali, Turkey. [Loconsole, G.; Potere, O.; Giampetruzzi, A.; Savino, V.] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta & Alimenti, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Saponari, M (reprint author), UOS Bari, CNR, Ist Virol Vegetale, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM m.saponari@ba.ivv.cnr.it RI DE STRADIS, ANGELO/B-2969-2013; OI Savino, Vito Nicola/0000-0002-8475-7777; GIAMPETRUZZI, Annalisa/0000-0002-0946-0105; SAPONARI, MARIA/0000-0001-9195-4624; ANGELO, DE STRADIS/0000-0003-1624-2365 FU Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance [191/2009] FX We thank F. Cattonaro at IGA, Udine, Italy, for her assistance for deep sequencing and G. R Martelli for critical review of the manuscript. This study was supported by a dedicated grant from the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance to the National Research Council for the project "Innovazione e Sviluppo del Mezzogiorno-Conoscenze Integrate per Sostenibilita ed Innovazione del Made in Italy Agroalimentare-Legge n. 191/2009". NR 40 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 12 BP 1168 EP 1175 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-06-12-0140-R PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 043FL UT WOS:000311528200007 PM 22913410 ER PT J AU De La Torre, CM Qu, F Redinbaugh, MG Lewandowski, DJ AF De La Torre, Carola M. Qu, Feng Redinbaugh, Margaret G. Lewandowski, Dennis J. TI Biological and Molecular Characterization of a U.S. Isolate of Hosta virus X SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOSAIC-VIRUS; POTEXVIRUS; PROTEIN; GENOME; INITIATION; SEQUENCES; RIBOSOME; PLANTS; SITE AB Hosta virus X (HVX) is rapidly becoming a serious pathogen of commercially important hosta plants worldwide. We report here biological and molecular characterization of a U.S. isolate of HVX, HVX-37. HVX-37 infectivity was tested in 21 hosta cultivars over three growth seasons, and three types of responses were defined based upon the ability of the virus to cause local and/or systemic infections. Four cultivars resistant to systemic HVX infection were identified. The full-length sequence of the HVX-37 genome was determined, the first complete sequence of a U.S. HVX isolate. Comparison with the previously sequenced HVX-Korea (Kr) genome revealed a high level of sequence similarity, as well as some differences. Notably, a 105-nucleotide long, near-perfect direct repeat in the Kr isolate is absent in HVX-37. The accuracy of the HVX-37 genome sequence was confirmed by infectivity of in vitro transcripts synthesized from a full-length HVX-37 cDNA on Nicotiana benthamiana and hosta plants. C1 [De La Torre, Carola M.; Lewandowski, Dennis J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Qu, Feng] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP De La Torre, CM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM de-la-torre-cuba.1@buckeyemail.osu.edu RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 FU Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC); Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium (OPBC) FX This research was supported in part by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) Seeds Grant Award and the Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium (OPBC). We thank T. Meulia (OARDC Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center) for assistance with the electron microscope and J. R. Fisher (Ohio Department of Agriculture) for providing us with magnetic beads conjugated with anti-HVX antibodies. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 12 BP 1176 EP 1181 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-02-12-0025-R PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 043FL UT WOS:000311528200008 PM 22809286 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TMD Chang, S Condon, B Uchimiya, M Fortier, C AF Nguyen, Thach-Mien D. Chang, SeChin Condon, Brian Uchimiya, Minori Fortier, Chanel TI Development of an environmentally friendly halogen-free phosphorus-nitrogen bond flame retardant for cotton fabrics SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE cotton; flame retardant; phosphoramidate; flammability test; thermal degradation ID EPOXY-RESINS; THERMAL STABILITIES; CELLULOSE; SILICON; PHOSPHORAMIDATE; HYDROLYSIS AB A novel flame retardant diethyl 4-methylpiperazin-1-ylphosphoramidate (CN-3) containing phosphorous and nitrogen was prepared. Its chemical structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-, 13C-, and 31P-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Print cloth and twill fabrics were treated with CN-3 to achieve different levels of add-on (722?wt% add-ons for print cloth and 318?wt% add-ons for twill). Thermogravimetric analysis, vertical flame test, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) were performed on the treated cotton fabrics and showed promising results. When the treated print cloth and twill fabric samples were tested using the vertical flame test (ASTM D6413-08), we observed that the ignited fabrics self-extinguished and left behind a streak of char. Treated higher add-ons fabrics were neither consumed by flame nor produced glowing ambers upon self-extinguishing. LOI (ASTM 286309) was used to determine the effectiveness of the flame retardant on the treated fabrics. LOI values increased from 18?vol% oxygen in nitrogen for untreated print cloth and twill fabrics to maximum of 28 and 31?wt% for the highest add-ons of print cloth and twill, respectively. The results from cotton fabrics treated with CN-3 demonstrated a higher LOI value as well as a higher char yield because of the effectiveness of phosphorus and nitrogen as a flame retardant for cotton fabrics. Furthermore, FT-IR and SEM were used to characterize the chemical structure on the treated fabrics as well as the surface morphology of char areas of treated and untreated fabrics. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Chang, SeChin] USDA ARS, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chang, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sechin.chang@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture FX The authors thank the United States Department of Agriculture for financial support. They also express their gratitude to the Dr Ryan Slopek, Jade Smith, Elena Graves, Linda Wartelle and Christa Madison. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1555 EP 1563 DI 10.1002/pat.3029 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 036TE UT WOS:000311053400005 ER PT J AU Douds, DD Nagahashi, G Shenk, JE AF Douds, David D. Nagahashi, Gerald Shenk, John E. TI Frequent cultivation prior to planting to prevent weed competition results in an opportunity for the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE leek; stale seedbed ID ON-FARM PRODUCTION; STALE SEEDBED TECHNIQUES; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION; GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; ALLIUM-PORRUM; SOIL; INOCULATION; FERTILIZATION; COLONIZATION; PHOSPHORUS AB Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is a potentially useful tool in agricultural systems with limited options regarding use of synthetic chemicals for fertility and pest control. We tested the response of Allium porrum cv. Lancelot to inoculation with AM fungi in a field high in available P (169 mu g g(-1) soil) that had been repeatedly cultivated to control weeds. Seedlings were inoculated during the greenhouse production period with a mixed species inoculum produced on-farm in a compost and vermiculite medium with Paspalum notatum Flugge as a nurse host. Inoculated and uninoculated seedlings were the same size at outplanting. Inoculated seedlings were over 2.5-fold greater in shoot weight and shoot P content than uninoculated seedlings at harvest. These results demonstrate the potential yield benefits from inoculation with AM fungi in situations where farm management practices may negatively impact on indigenous populations of AM fungi. C1 [Douds, David D.; Nagahashi, Gerald] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Shenk, John E.] Shenks Berry Farm, Lititz, PA 17543 USA. RP Douds, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM david.douds@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 EI 1742-1713 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1017/S1742170511000391 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 030DS UT WOS:000310549800001 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA Franklin, DH AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. Stuedemann, John A. Franklin, Dorcas H. TI Water infiltration and surface-soil structural properties as influenced by animal traffic in the Southern Piedmont USA SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE bulk density; compaction; pasture management; penetration resistance; soil organic carbon; surface residue ID PROFILE ORGANIC-CARBON; BERMUDAGRASS MANAGEMENT; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PASTURE MANAGEMENT; BROILER LITTER; TOTAL NITROGEN; RUNOFF; EROSION; PENETROMETER; PHOSPHORUS AB Surface-soil structural condition in perennial pastures is expected to be modified by how forage is (a) harvested through haying or grazing and (b) stimulated through source of nutrients applied, as well as by compactive forces, e. g., grazing cattle or hay harvest machinery. Changes in surface-soil condition can affect hydrologic processes that have important implications for plant growth, greenhouse gas emissions and off-site water quality. We determined the effects of harvest management and nutrient source on the rate of ponded water infiltration and penetration resistance in a bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]/tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Schreb. S.J. Darbyshire) pasture on a Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia. During a period when soil was wet (61% water-filled pore space), the rate of water infiltration was 2.8 +/- 1.5 times greater when forage was left unharvested as when hayed or grazed (mean +/- standard deviation among nine nutrient sourcerharvest management comparisons). During a subsequent period, when soil was dry (28% water-filled pore space), the rate of water infiltration followed the same treatment pattern, but was not statistically different among harvest-management practices (1.5 +/- 0.4 times greater between unharvested and other systems). Penetration resistance of the surface at 10 cm depth followed the order: unharvested (62 J) < hayed (100 J) < low grazing pressure (119 J) < high grazing pressure (137 J). Water infiltration during the wet period was negatively related (P <= 0.01) to soil-water content (r = -0.57), penetration resistance at 0-10 cm depth (r = -0.50) and bulk density at 3-6 cm depth (r = -0.53), but was positively related to surface residue C (r = 0.47) and soil organic C concentration at 12-20 cm depth (r = 0.42). These results suggest that complex soil physical (i.e., aggregation, penetration resistance and infiltration) and biological (i.e., plant growth, surface residues and soil organic matter) interactions occur in pastures. We conclude that well-managed grazing systems with excellent ground cover should have adequate hydrologic condition to promote pasture productivity and limit environmental contamination from runoff. Further work is needed to understand the linkages between field-and watershed-scale hydrology in perennial pastures and their implications on water quality. C1 [Franzluebbers, Alan J.; Stuedemann, John A.; Franklin, Dorcas H.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 43 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 256 EP 265 DI 10.1017/S1742170511000378 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 030DS UT WOS:000310549800002 ER PT J AU Singerman, A Delate, K Chase, C Greene, C Livingston, M Lence, S Hart, C AF Singerman, Ariel Delate, Kathleen Chase, Craig Greene, Catherine Livingston, Michael Lence, Sergio Hart, Chad TI Profitability of organic and conventional soybean production under 'green payments' in carbon offset programs SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE organic; carbon sequestration; survey; cost of production ID GRAIN PRODUCTION; FARMING SYSTEMS; NO-TILLAGE; SEQUESTRATION; AGRICULTURE; FLUX AB Emphasis on reducing emissions from the greenhouse gases (GHG), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) has increased in recent years in the USA, primarily for industry, transportation, energy and agricultural sectors. In this study, we utilized on-farm data collected by the USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), secured under an agreement with the USDA-Economic Research Service (ERS) to analyze the profitability of organic and conventional soybean production, based on changes that 'green payments' in a cap-and-trade system would introduce in agricultural markets in the USA. In particular, the analysis focused on establishing whether organic producers would be better positioned to sequester carbon (C) and reap the benefits of the C-offset scheme compared to conventional producers, given the differences in costs, management practices and environmental benefits between organic and conventional production methods. We estimated several changes in profitability of soybean producers according to management practices, incentives for the generation of offset credits, and increase in energy input prices that a potential cap-and-trade system may introduce in future agricultural markets in the USA. Survey data suggested that even with lower yields, conventional producers could profit from converting to organic agriculture, given organic price premiums. In addition, taking into consideration both direct and indirect costs, average cost for conventional-till (CT) organic soybean production was approximately 9% lower than no-till (NT) conventional production. With a C market and payments for soil C sequestration through potential Clean Energy legislation, additional profit could be accrued by organic producers, because organic production would have 28% greater ton CO2 eq. acre(-1) yr(-1) sequestration than conventional NT. Thus, the environmental benefits from GHG reduction could incentivize increased conversion from conventional to organic production across the USA. C1 [Delate, Kathleen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Delate, Kathleen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA USA. [Singerman, Ariel; Lence, Sergio; Hart, Chad] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA USA. [Chase, Craig] Iowa State Univ, Leopold Ctr Sustainable Agr, Ames, IA USA. [Greene, Catherine; Livingston, Michael] USDA ERS, Washington, DC USA. RP Delate, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kdelate@iastate.edu NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 50 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 266 EP 277 DI 10.1017/S1742170511000408 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 030DS UT WOS:000310549800003 ER PT J AU Fausti, SW McDonald, TM Lundgren, JG Li, J Keating, AR Catangui, M AF Fausti, Scott W. McDonald, Tia Michelle Lundgren, Jonathan G. Li, Jing Keating, Ariel Ruth Catangui, Mike TI Insecticide use and crop selection in regions with high GM adoption rates SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE insecticides; genetically modified organism; targeted insect pests; crop production; pest management practices ID PEST-MANAGEMENT; CORN-ROOTWORM AB South Dakota has been a leading adopter of genetically modified organism (GM) crops since their introduction in 1996. In 2009, South Dakota shared the top adoption rate with Iowa for the percentage of acres planted with Bt corn. However; South Dakota has also recently experienced a significant increase in the proportion of acres treated with insecticide. The empirical evidence presented suggests that corn, hay and sunflower production in South Dakota have experienced an intensification of insecticide use in 2007 relative to past US Census of Agriculture reporting years. This study links the proportion of acres planted for a specific crop to the proportion of total acres treated with insecticide at the county level. This approach provides insight on how changing cropping patterns in South Dakota have influenced insecticide use. Empirical results indicate that the upper-bound estimate for insecticide usage on non-Bt corn acreage increased from 38% in 2002 to all non-Bt corn acres planted in 2007. The implication of this result is that in 2007 South Dakota producers were likely treating a percentage of their Bt corn acres with insecticide. Changing cropping patterns in South Dakota are also compared to that in other states in the US Corn Belt region. It appears that the South Dakota experience is not unique and is part of a broader trend. C1 [Fausti, Scott W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Econ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [McDonald, Tia Michelle] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Li, Jing] Univ Miami Ohio, Dept Econ, Miami, OH USA. [Keating, Ariel Ruth] DeBruce Grain Inc, Fremont, NE 68025 USA. RP Fausti, SW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Econ, Box 504,104 Scobey Hall, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Scott.Fausti@sdstate.edu FU USDANIFA; South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; South Dakota CUC FX The authors are appreciative of the anonymous reviewer comments. Any remaining errors are the sole responsibility of the authors. The authors gratefully acknowledge partial funding by USDANIFA, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, and the South Dakota CUC. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 45 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1017/S1742170511000561 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 030DS UT WOS:000310549800006 ER PT J AU Hamou, SA Rahali, T Sahibi, H Belghyti, D Losson, B Goff, W Rhalem, A AF Hamou, S. Ait Rahali, T. Sahibi, H. Belghyti, D. Losson, B. Goff, W. Rhalem, A. TI Molecular and serological prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in cattle of North Central Morocco SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma marginale; Nested PCR; cELISA; Gharb; Saiss; Middle Atlas; Morocco ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SURFACE PROTEIN 5; EHRLICHIA-PHAGOCYTOPHILA; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; BOVINE ANAPLASMOSIS; BABESIA-BIGEMINA; FARM-ANIMALS; DAIRY FARMS; COSTA-RICA; ST-LUCIA AB A cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological distribution of Anaplasma marginale in North Central Morocco. Blood samples from five provinces of Morocco were collected from apparently healthy cattle (n = 668) and simultaneously analyzed by a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). The overall prevalence of A. marginate was 21.9% by nPCR and 16.5% by cELISA. The Kappa coefficient between nPCR and cELISA indicated a modest level of agreement (0.54). The prevalence of A. marginale varied significantly according to the province and the month of sampling. However age, gender and breed did not have a significant effect on the prevalence of this pathogen. The highest prevalence of A. marginate was found in the Gharb, a sub-humid area while the lowest was reported in the Saiss, a semi-arid area. These results indicate that an A. marginale infection are widespread in the country and suggests that either or both techniques are excellent tools for epidemiological studies and control programs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hamou, S. Ait; Rahali, T.; Sahibi, H.; Rhalem, A.] Rabat Inst, Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Dept Parasitol & Malad Parasitaires, Rabat, Morocco. [Belghyti, D.] Univ Ibn Tofail, Lab Biol & Sante, Kenitra, Morocco. [Losson, B.] Univ Liege, Fac Med Vet, Lab Parasitol & Malad Parasitaires, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Goff, W.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hamou, SA (reprint author), Rabat Inst, Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Dept Parasitol & Malad Parasitaires, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco. EM aitsana@hotmail.com FU PIC-CUD Project, Belgium [MA 6441]; FRAB [01/001, 2/2500/1] FX Financial support for this work was provided by PIC-CUD Project MA 6441, Belgium and FRAB 01/001 & 2/2500/1 projects. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 EI 1532-2661 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1318 EP 1323 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.02.016 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 038PF UT WOS:000311185900040 ER PT J AU Pelajo, CF Lopez-Benitez, JM Kent, DM Price, LL Miller, LC Dawson-Hughes, B AF Pelajo, Christina F. Lopez-Benitez, Jorge M. Kent, David M. Price, Lori Lyn Miller, Laurie C. Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Is there an association with disease activity? SO RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid; Inflammation ID VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; SERUM-LEVELS; CHILDREN; HEALTH; METABOLISM; DISORDERS AB The aims of this study were to examine the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), to determine the prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency [25(OH)D a parts per thousand currency sign19 ng/ml] and insufficiency [25(OH)D 20-29 ng/ml], and to determine factors associated with lower serum levels of 25(OH)D in this population. In this cross-sectional study, disease activity was measured using JADAS-27, as well as its individual components (physician global assessment of disease activity, parent global assessment of child's well-being, count of joints with active disease, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Linear regression models were developed to analyze the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and JADAS-27 and to determine variables associated with serum 25(OH)D levels. A total of 154 patients (61% girls, 88% whites) were included. Mean age was 10.6. VD deficiency was detected in 13% and insufficiency in 42%. In univariate and multivariate analyses, 25(OH)D levels were not associated with JADAS-27, neither with its individual components. However, in a subset analysis including all new-onset JIA patients (n = 27), there was a nonsignificant negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and JADAS-27 (r = -0.29, P = 0.14). In the univariate and multivariate analyses, age, ethnicity, BMI, and season were significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D levels, but not total VD intake. More than 1/2 of JIA patients had serum 25(OH)D levels below 29 ng/ml; however, there was no association between serum 25(OH)D levels and disease activity. Future larger, long-term studies with new-onset JIA patients are needed to further explore the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and disease activity. C1 [Pelajo, Christina F.; Lopez-Benitez, Jorge M.; Miller, Laurie C.] Tufts Med Ctr, Floating Hosp Children, Div Pediat Rheumatol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lopez-Benitez, Jorge M.; Kent, David M.; Miller, Laurie C.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kent, David M.] Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Price, Lori Lyn] Tufts Univ, Biostat Res Ctr, ICRHPS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Pelajo, CF (reprint author), Tufts Med Ctr, Floating Hosp Children, Div Pediat Rheumatol, 800 Washington St,Box 190, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM christinapelajo@gmail.com FU National Center for Research Resources [UL1 RR025752] FX We would like to thank Dr. Caitlin Sgarlat and Dr. Trevor Davis for the assistance with data collection. The project described was supported by Award Number UL1 RR025752 from the National Center for Research Resources. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Research Resources or the National Institutes of Health. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0172-8172 J9 RHEUMATOL INT JI Rheumatol. Int. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 32 IS 12 BP 3923 EP 3929 DI 10.1007/s00296-011-2287-y PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 043AS UT WOS:000311515600032 PM 22198692 ER PT J AU Tian, JC Collins, HL Romeis, J Naranjo, SE Hellmich, RL Shelton, AM AF Tian, Jun-Ce Collins, Hilda L. Romeis, Joerg Naranjo, Steven E. Hellmich, Richard L. Shelton, Anthony M. TI Using field-evolved resistance to Cry1F maize in a lepidopteran pest to demonstrate no adverse effects of Cry1F on one of its major predators SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cry1F; Biosafety; Coleomegilla maculata; Spodoptera frugiperda ID TRANSGENIC INSECTICIDAL CROPS; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA; NONTARGET ARTHROPODS; NATURAL ENEMIES; NOCTUIDAE; METAANALYSIS; COCCINELLIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) represents the first documented case of field-evolved resistance to a genetically engineered crop expressing an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). In this case it was Cry1F-expressing maize (Mycogen 2A517). The ladybird beetle, Coleomegilla maculata, is a common and abundant predator that suppresses pest populations in maize and many other cropping systems. Its larvae and adults are polyphagous, feeding on aphids, thrips, lepidopteran eggs and larvae, as well as plant tissues. Thus, C. maculata may be exposed to Bt proteins expressed in genetically engineered crops by several pathways. Using Cry1F-resistant S. frugiperda larvae as prey, we evaluated the potential impact of Cry1F-expressing maize on several fitness parameters of C. maculata over two generations. Using Cry1F resistant prey removed any potential prey-mediated effects. Duration of larval and pupal stages, adult weight and female fecundity of C. maculata were not different when they were fed resistant S. frugiperda larvae reared on either Bt or control maize leaves during both generations. ELISA and insect-sensitive bioassays showed C. maculata were exposed to bioactive Cry1F protein. The insecticidal protein had no effect on C. maculata larvae, even though larvae contained 20-32 ng of Cry1F/g by fresh weight. Over all, our results demonstrated that the Cry1F protein did not affect important fitness parameters of one of S. frugiperda's major predators and that Cry1F protein did not accumulate but was strongly diluted when transferred during trophic interactions. C1 [Tian, Jun-Ce; Collins, Hilda L.; Shelton, Anthony M.] Cornell Univ, NYSAES, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Romeis, Joerg] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Naranjo, Steven E.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, ARS, Genet Lab 110,USDA,Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shelton, AM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, NYSAES, Dept Entomol, 630 West North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM ams5@cornell.edu RI JunCe, Tian/F-6931-2013; Romeis, Joerg/J-5360-2013 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1310 DI 10.1007/s11248-012-9604-4 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 042UJ UT WOS:000311496500014 PM 22373893 ER PT J AU Lowther, W Lorick, K Lawrence, SD Yeow, WS AF Lowther, William Lorick, Kevin Lawrence, Susan D. Yeow, Wen-Shuz TI Expression of biologically active human interferon alpha 2 in Aloe vera SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aloe vera; IFN alpha 2; Transformation; Biolistic ID PLANT; TRANSFORMATION; REGENERATION; MICROPROPAGATION; CALLUS AB Methods necessary for the successful transformation and regeneration of Aloe vera were developed and used to express the human protein, interferon alpha 2 (IFN alpha 2). IFN alpha 2 is a secreted cytokine that plays a vital role in regulating the cellular response to viral infection. Transgenic plants were regenerated from callus cultures initiated from zygotic embryos. Expression of the IFNA2 transgene in transformed plants was confirmed by RT-PCR and IFN alpha 2 protein was detected by immunoblot analysis. Human A549 cells treated with transgenic aloe extracts for 6 h induced expression of the interferon stimulated gene 54, indicating activation of the IFN signaling pathway. The biological activity of the aloe produced IFN alpha 2 was assessed using an antiviral assay with A549 cells treated with extracts from both the rind and pulp fractions of the shoot and subsequently infected with the lytic encephalomyocarditis virus. The highest level of activity attributable to recombinant IFN alpha 2 was determined to be 625 IU/mg of total soluble protein (TSP) in the rind and 2,108 IU/mg TSP in the pulp. Two daughter plants that vegetatively budded during the course of this study were also confirmed to express IFN alpha 2. These results confirm that Aloe vera is capable of expressing a human protein with biological activity, and that a secreted protein targeting the apoplast can be detected in the pulp fraction of the plant. C1 [Lowther, William; Lorick, Kevin; Yeow, Wen-Shuz] Thegreencell Inc, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Lowther, William; Lawrence, Susan D.; Yeow, Wen-Shuz] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lowther, W (reprint author), Thegreencell Inc, 505 Capitol Court NE,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM williaml@thegreencell.com FU USDA [58-3K95-0-1458] FX This work is supported by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (58-3K95-0-1458) with the USDA. We would like to thank Ms Nicole Novak for her invaluable contribution and support. We would also like to thank Ms Marisol Pages and Ms Nicola Lowther for their assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 EI 1573-9368 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1349 EP 1357 DI 10.1007/s11248-012-9616-0 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 042UJ UT WOS:000311496500019 PM 22528466 ER PT J AU Gross, BL Henk, AD Forsline, PL Richards, CM Volk, GM AF Gross, Briana L. Henk, Adam D. Forsline, Philip L. Richards, Christopher M. Volk, Gayle M. TI Identification of interspecific hybrids among domesticated apple and its wild relatives SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Admixture; Interspecific hybridization; Tree domestication; Perennial crop; Malus x domestica; Apple ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; OLEA-EUROPAEA L.; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MALUS-SIEVERSII; GENE FLOW; MOLECULAR MARKERS; CULTIVATED APPLE; DIVERSITY; ADMIXTURE; PROGRAM AB Potential interspecific hybrids are usually identified in natural populations by their proximity to interbreeding species or their intermediate phenotypes; hybridization can then be confirmed by comparing the genetic makeup of putative hybrids to pure species. In contrast, detecting interspecific hybridization and misclassifications in ex situ collections can be difficult because fine-scale geographic locations and species-specific phenotypic data are generally unavailable. Thus, there is little a priori information available to suggest which individuals might be hybrids. Instead, hybrids or misclassified individuals must be identified based on molecular data via population assignment and admixture detection programs. We have applied a variety of population assignment and admixture detection programs to over 400 samples of four closely related Malus species held in the US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Plant Germplasm System that were genotyped at 19 simple sequence repeat loci. Our findings indicate that over 10 % of the samples of the wild species Malus sieversii and Malus orientalis and nearly 20 % of the samples of the wild species Malus sylvestris may be admixed or misclassified. The percentage of admixed or misclassified samples of the domesticated species, Malus x domestica, was much lower, at < 5 %. These findings provide an illustration of how to detect hybridization and misclassification in ex situ collections using molecular data and, ultimately, should help to maximize the utility of the collections. In addition, the presence of wild-collected samples that show admixture with domesticated apple suggests that gene flow may be occurring from the crop into natural populations of the wild species. C1 [Gross, Briana L.; Henk, Adam D.; Richards, Christopher M.; Volk, Gayle M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Forsline, Philip L.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 FU National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-00751] FX We thank Ann A. Reilley, Celeste Falcon, and Amy K. Szewc-McFadden for their assistance in the data collection for this project. We thank Jared L. Strasburg and Christina T. Walters for their comments on a previous draft of this manuscript. This project was partially supported by the National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant number #2005-00751. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 48 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1223 EP 1235 DI 10.1007/s11295-012-0509-4 PG 13 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 040IK UT WOS:000311315900006 ER PT J AU Islam, MS Lian, CL Kameyama, N Hogetsu, T AF Islam, Md Sajedul Lian, Chunlan Kameyama, Norikazu Hogetsu, Taizo TI Analyses of genetic population structure of two ecologically important mangrove tree species, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia obovata from different river basins of Iriomote Island of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Rhizophoraceae; Mangrove tree; Microsatellite markers; Genetic diversity; Genetic structure; Gene flow ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; FORSK. VIERH. AVICENNIACEAE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; REPEAT DNA MARKERS; INDO-WEST PACIFIC; CANDEL L. DRUCE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PROPAGULE DISPERSAL; MATING SYSTEM; RHIZOPHORACEAE AB We analyzed nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite makers to assess genetic diversity and examine genetic structure of two mangrove tree species, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia obovata recovered from nine major river basins of Iriomote Island of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. The average number of alleles per nuclear locus per population was 2.6 in B. gymnorrhiza and 1.7 in K. obovata. Bayesian clustering analysis using InStruct identified two genetic clusters in B. gymnorrhiza and three clusters in K. obovata. Chloroplast microsatellites revealed two dominant haplotypes from B. gymnorrhiza and three haplotypes from K. obovata. The overall result suggests low genetic diversity for both species. AMOVA for nuclear microsatellites showed 9.3 % of population variation in B. gymnorrhiza. Although genetic differentiation between several populations was significant in this species, F (ST) suggested low to moderate level of differentiations between most of the populations. Distribution of genetic clusters and chloroplast haplotypes also suggested weak differentiations among B. gymnorrhiza populations. In K. obovata, population variation was, however, relatively high (27.8 %). The high differentiation between K. obovata populations was also suggested from the F (ST) and genetic clusters from nuclear microsatellites, and chloroplast haplotypes. A significant correlation between chloroplast genetic distances and coastline distances as well as haplotype distributions for both species suggest that propagules from each species mostly disperse to the neighboring river basins. While significant F (IS) and higher percentage of admixed clusters from nuclear microsatellites suggested inbreeding, continual gene exchange by propagule dispersal among populations especially among neighboring populations was suggested for both species from maternally inherited chloroplast microsatellites analyses. C1 [Islam, Md Sajedul; Hogetsu, Taizo] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Lian, Chunlan] Univ Tokyo, Asian Nat Environm Sci Ctr, Tokyo 1880002, Japan. [Kameyama, Norikazu] Univ Ryukyus, Fac Agr, Okinawa 9030213, Japan. RP Islam, MS (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST Lab, Moore Air Base Bldg S-6414,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM M.sajed@gmail.com FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; University of the Ryukyus, Japan FX This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan and a Grant from University of the Ryukyus, Japan. We thank Prof. Tokushiro Takaso of University of the Ryukyus, and Binyun Wu of the University of Tokyo for helping in the collection of samples. We greatly thank Dr. Raul Ruiz-Arce, USDA APHIS CPHST (Edinburg, TX, USA) and two anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions that improved the manuscript. We thank Cornell Computational Biology Service Unit (CBSU) for InStruct analysis. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 42 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1247 EP 1260 DI 10.1007/s11295-012-0512-9 PG 14 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 040IK UT WOS:000311315900008 ER PT J AU Melnick, RL Marelli, JP Sicher, RC Strem, MD Bailey, BA AF Melnick, Rachel L. Marelli, Jean-Philippe Sicher, Richard C. Strem, Mary D. Bailey, Bryan A. TI The interaction of Theobroma cacao and Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease, during parthenocarpy SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Parthenocarpy; Cacao; Moniliophthora perniciosa; Witches' broom; Plant-microbe interaction ID DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE GENE; FROSTY POD ROT; GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS; CRINIPELLIS-PERNICIOSA; FRUIT-SET; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DROUGHT RESPONSE; PLANT-RESPONSES; SALICYLIC-ACID; AMINO-ACIDS AB Witches' broom disease of Theobroma cacao L. is caused by the hemibiotrophic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa. Infection of flower cushions by M. perniciosa results in parthenocarpy. Healthy and parthenocarpic immature cacao pods were obtained from seven cacao clones. Microscopic observations of parthenocarpic pods from two clones confirmed that fruits lack viable seed. Septate mycelia colonized parthenocarpic pods, but were absent from healthy pods. Parthenocarpic pods had increased concentrations of leucine, methionine, serine, phenylalanine, and valine. Major transport metabolites sucrose and asparagine were decreased by 63 and 40 %, respectively, during parthenocarpy. M. perniciosa expressed sequence tags (ESTs) related to detoxification (MpSOD2 and MpCTA1) and nutrient acquisition (MpAS, MpAK, MpATG8, MpPLY, and MpPME) were induced in parthenocarpic pods. Most M. perniciosa ESTs related to plant hormone biosynthesis were repressed (MpGAox, MpCPS, MpDES, MpGGPPS, and MpCAO) in parthenocarpic pods. RT-qPCR analysis was conducted for 54 defense-related cacao ESTs and 93 hormone-related cacao ESTs. Specific cacao ESTs related to plant defense were induced (TcPR5, TcChi4, TcThau-ICS) while others were repressed (TcPR1, TcPR6, TcP12, and TcChiB). Cacao ESTs related to GA biosynthesis (TcGA20OX1B) were repressed in parthenocarpic pods. Cacao ESTs putatively related to maintaining cytokinin (TcCKX3 and TcCKX5) and IAA (TcGH3.17a, TcGH3.1, TcARF18) homeostasis were induced in parthenocarpic pods, suggesting an attempt to regulate cytokinin and auxin concentrations. In conclusion, M. perniciosa expresses specific sets of transcripts targeting nutrient acquisition and survival while altering the host physiology without causing significant necrosis resulting in parthenocarpy. Only a general host defense response is elicited. C1 [Melnick, Rachel L.; Strem, Mary D.; Bailey, Bryan A.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC,WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Marelli, Jean-Philippe] Fazenda Almirante, Mars Ctr Cocoa Sci, BR-4630000 Itajuipe, Bahia, Brazil. [Sicher, Richard C.] ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Melnick, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC,WEST, BLDG 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rachel.melnick@ars.usda.gov RI Melnick, Rachel/B-1719-2013 OI Melnick, Rachel/0000-0002-5113-2551 NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1261 EP 1279 DI 10.1007/s11295-012-0513-8 PG 19 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 040IK UT WOS:000311315900009 ER PT J AU Zhu, YM Zheng, P Varanasi, V Shin, SB Main, D Curry, E Mattheis, JP AF Zhu, Yanmin Zheng, Ping Varanasi, Vijaya Shin, Sungbong Main, Dorrie Curry, Eric Mattheis, James P. TI Multiple plant hormones and cell wall metabolism regulate apple fruit maturation patterns and texture attributes SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.); Transcriptomics; Plant hormones; Cell wall metabolism; Fruit maturation; Texture attributes ID X DOMESTICA BORKH.; GENE-EXPRESSION; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; CLIMACTERIC FRUITS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CROSS-TALK; ARABIDOPSIS; AUXIN; DEGRADATION; MD-ACS1 AB Global transcriptional regulation during apple fruit maturation and associated texture changes were assessed by transcriptome profiling and systematic characterization of maturation progression of two cultivars, 'Honeycrisp' (HC) and 'Cripps Pink' (CP). A high-density long-oligo apple microarray consisting of duplex 190,135 cross-hybridization-free 50-70-mer isothermal probes, representing 23,997 unigenes, was designed for and manufactured on a NimbleGen array platform. Cortex tissues from both HC and CP at three maturation stages, i.e., 4, 2, and 0 week(s) before physiological maturity, were utilized for transcriptome profiling. A total of 1,793 and 1,209 differentially expressed unigenes, 7.47 % and 5.04 % of all unigenes deposited on the array, were identified from HC and CP, respectively. Unigenes associated with ethylene biosynthesis and response, auxin homeostasis and transport, gibberellin reception and metabolism as well as degradation of hemicelluloses may contribute to the observed phenotypic variations in apple maturation patterns and texture attributes such as fruit firmness and crispness. Microarray data validation indicated that more than 85 % of randomly selected unigenes showed consistent expression patterns with qRT-PCR results. Physiological characterization demonstrated substantial differences in maturation progression between these two cultivars, and a remarkable transformation in fruit texture occurred from week -4 to week 0. C1 [Zhu, Yanmin; Shin, Sungbong; Curry, Eric; Mattheis, James P.] ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Zheng, Ping; Varanasi, Vijaya; Main, Dorrie] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM yanmin.zhu@ars.usda.gov OI Curry, Eric/0000-0003-2958-9376 FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission; USDA base fund FX The authors are grateful to Ann Callahan, Chris Dardick, Cindy Tong, and Tianbao Yang for their helpful comments. The authors wish to thank Xia Rui for preparation of Table S1 and Table S2. We wish to thank Mallela Magana, Janie Countryman, Edward Valdez, and Bruce Mackey for their contribution in fruit harvest, maturity test, tissue collection, and other excellent technical assistance. This study was supported by Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission and USDA base fund. NR 75 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 56 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1389 EP 1406 DI 10.1007/s11295-012-0526-3 PG 18 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 040IK UT WOS:000311315900019 ER PT J AU Lorenz, WW Ayyampalayam, S Bordeaux, JM Howe, GT Jermstad, KD Neale, DB Rogers, DL Dean, JFD AF Lorenz, W. Walter Ayyampalayam, Savavanaraj Bordeaux, John M. Howe, Glenn T. Jermstad, Kathleen D. Neale, David B. Rogers, Deborah L. Dean, Jeffrey F. D. TI Conifer DBMagic: a database housing multiple de novo transcriptome assemblies for 12 diverse conifer species SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Coniferales; Pinus; Transcriptome; Database; Annotation; Gene models; Comparative phylogenomics ID PINE PINUS-TAEDA; SEED-PLANT PHYLOGENY; EXTANT GYMNOSPERMS; GENE DISCOVERY; SNP DISCOVERY; L.; ESTS; EXPRESSION; GNETALES; GENOMES AB Conifers comprise an ancient and widespread plant lineage of enormous commercial and ecological value. However, compared to model woody angiosperms, such as Populus and Eucalyptus, our understanding of conifers remains quite limited at a genomic level. Large genome sizes (10,000-40,000 Mbp) and large amounts of repetitive DNA have limited efforts to produce a conifer reference genome, and genomic resource development has focused primarily on characterization of expressed sequences. Here, we report the completion of a conifer transcriptome sequencing project undertaken in collaboration with the U.S. DOE Joint Genome Institute that resulted in production of almost 12 million sequence reads. Five loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) cDNA libraries representing multiple tissues, treatments, and genotypes produced over four million sequence reads that, along with available Sanger expressed sequence tags, were used to create contig assemblies using three different assembly algorithms: Newbler, MiraEST, and NGen. In addition, libraries from 11 other conifer species, as well as one member of the Gnetales (Gnetum gnemon), produced 0.4 to 1.2 million sequence reads each. Among the selected conifer species were representatives of each of the seven phylogenetic families in the Coniferales: Araucariaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae, Sciadopityaceae, and Taxaceae. Transcriptome builds for each species were generated using each of the three assemblers. All contigs for every species generated using each assembler can be obtained from Conifer DBMagic, a public database for searching, viewing, and downloading contig sequences, the associated sequence reads, and their annotations. C1 [Dean, Jeffrey F. D.] Univ Georgia, Inst Bioinformat, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jermstad, Kathleen D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Neale, David B.; Rogers, Deborah L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Howe, Glenn T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ayyampalayam, Savavanaraj] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lorenz, W. Walter; Bordeaux, John M.; Dean, Jeffrey F. D.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dean, JFD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Bioinformat, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jeffdean@uga.edu RI Dean, Jeffrey/G-2184-2010 OI Dean, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1208-1023 FU USDA/NRI CSREES CAP [2007-55300-18603] FX The authors wish to acknowledge Yuan-Sheng Yu and Ujwal Bagal for their technical assistance. We also wish to thank Dr. Trevor Fenning for supplying the P. abies samples and Dr. Richard Cronn for early access to P. taeda chloroplast genome sequence information. These sequence data were produced by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute http://www.jgi.doe.gov/ in collaboration with the user community. Particular thanks go to Christa Pennacchio, Kerrie Barry, Erika Lindquist, and their associates at JGI for directing cDNA library construction, 454 pyrosequencing, and some of the data filtering reported for this project. Partial funding for this work was provided by USDA/NRI CSREES CAP Award #2007-55300-18603. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 40 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1477 EP 1485 DI 10.1007/s11295-012-0547-y PG 9 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 040IK UT WOS:000311315900025 ER PT J AU Ren, H Zhang, QM Lu, HF Liu, HX Guo, QF Wang, J Jian, SG Bao, HO AF Ren, Hai Zhang, Qianmei Lu, Hongfang Liu, Hongxiao Guo, Qinfeng Wang, Jun Jian, Shuguang Bao, Hai'ou TI Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Require Conservation and Reintroduction in China SO AMBIO LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESTORATION C1 [Ren, Hai; Zhang, Qianmei; Lu, Hongfang; Liu, Hongxiao; Wang, Jun; Jian, Shuguang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Guo, Qinfeng] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Bao, Hai'ou] Chinese Acad Sci, Jiujiang 332900, Peoples R China. RP Ren, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scib.ac.cn; zqm@scib.ac.cn; luhf@scib.ac.cn; michellewinter@126.com; qinfengguo@hotmail.com; wxj@scib.ac.cn; jiansg@scib.ac.cn; baohaiou40@163.com NR 20 TC 12 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 8 BP 913 EP 917 DI 10.1007/s13280-012-0284-3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 034IP UT WOS:000310866600014 PM 22562355 ER PT J AU Gao, XL Cook, D Ralphs, MH Yan, L Gardner, DR Lee, ST Panter, KE Han, B Zhao, ML AF Gao, Xinlei Cook, Daniel Ralphs, Michael H. Yan, Ling Gardner, Dale R. Lee, Stephen T. Panter, Kip E. Han, Bing Zhao, Meng-Li TI Detection of swainsonine and isolation of the endophyte Undifilum from the major locoweeds in Inner Mongolia SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Locoweeds; Inner Mongolia; Swainsonine; Endophyte; Undifilum; Quinolizidine alkaloids ID EMBELLISIA-OXYTROPIS; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; POPULATIONS; ASTRAGALUS; ALKALOIDS; MATRINE; CHINA; SPP. AB Locoweeds are Astragalus and Oxytropis species that contain the toxic alkaloid swainsonine, causing widespread poisoning of livestock in Inner Mongolia. Taxa (Astragalus, Oxytropis, Sphaerophysa, and Sophora species) suspected of causing locoism and/or poisoning in Inner Mongolia were surveyed for swainsonine and Undifilum, the fungal endophyte responsible for the production of swainsonine. Swainsonine was detected at concentrations greater than 0.01% in Astragalus variabilis and Oxytropis glabra. The endophyte Undifilum was detected by culturing and PCR in samples containing swainsonine concentrations greater than 0.01%. In some specimens of A. variabilis and O. glabra swainsonine was not detected or concentrations were less than 0.01%. In these samples the endophyte could not be cultured, but was detected by PCR. Additionally, contrary to previous reports the quinolizidine alkaloids, thermopsine, anagyrine, and lupanine, were not detected in O. glabra and Oxytropis ochrocephala, however the quinolizidine alkaloids, sophoridine, sophocarpine, and sophoramine were detected in Sophora alopecuroides as previously reported. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gao, Xinlei; Zhao, Meng-Li] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Ecol & Environm Sci, Hohhot 010018, Peoples R China. [Gao, Xinlei; Yan, Ling; Han, Bing] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hohhot 010018, Peoples R China. [Cook, Daniel; Ralphs, Michael H.; Gardner, Dale R.; Lee, Stephen T.; Panter, Kip E.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Zhao, ML (reprint author), Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Ecol & Environm Sci, Hohhot 010018, Peoples R China. EM menglizhao@yahoo.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30860196, 31070414]; National Key Laboratory of Grassland and Grassland Resources of the Inner Mongolia Agricultural University FX We wish to thank Jessie Roper and Scott Larsen for their technical assistance in the laboratory and Drs Wang Jing and Wang Zhen for their help in collecting samples from herbaria. This work could not be done without their support. This study was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project # 30860196 and 31070414) and the National Key Laboratory of Grassland and Grassland Resources of the Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 45 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2012.07.012 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 036HX UT WOS:000311018100014 ER PT J AU Nakano, H Cantrell, CL Mamonov, LK Kustova, TS Fronczek, FR Ross, SA AF Nakano, Hiroshi Cantrell, Charles L. Mamonov, Leonid K. Kustova, Tatyana S. Fronczek, Frank R. Ross, Samir A. TI Chemical constituents from Echinops nanus and Echinops transiliensis SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Echinops nanus; Echinops transiliensis ID THIOPHENES; ECHINATUS; FLOWERS C1 [Nakano, Hiroshi] NARO Inst Crop Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. [Nakano, Hiroshi] NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agr Res Ctr, Fukuoka 8330041, Japan. [Nakano, Hiroshi; Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Mamonov, Leonid K.; Kustova, Tatyana S.] Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Alma Ata 05040, Kazakhstan. [Fronczek, Frank R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ross, Samir A.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Ross, Samir A.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Nakano, H (reprint author), NARO Inst Crop Sci, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. FU International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) [K1896] FX The authors thank Mr. Solomon Green III, Ms. Amber Reichley, and Mr. Jeffery B. Cannon, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, for technical assistance. Financial support in part from the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) project K1896 is greatly appreciated. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 45 BP 127 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2012.07.008 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 036HX UT WOS:000311018100023 ER PT J AU Johnson, AJ Weintraub, PG Katoch, R Schemerhorn, BJ Shukle, RH AF Johnson, A. J. Weintraub, P. G. Katoch, R. Schemerhorn, B. J. Shukle, R. H. TI Biological and molecular characterization of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Israel SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mayetiola destructor; Israel; wheat; host-plant resistance; coxI; population genetics ID WILD EMMER WHEAT; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; GENETIC-VARIATION; RESISTANCE GENES; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; TRITICUM-DICOCCOIDES; NORTHERN NEGEV AB Samples of a dipteran pest of wheat were tested to confirm identity, describe local populations and suggest the use of deploying resistance (R) genes in wheat cultivars for control of Mayetiola destructor, Hessian fly (HF). Morphological evaluation of adults and a free-choice oviposition preference test documenting that females overwhelmingly preferred to oviposit on wheat instead of barley supported they were HF. Using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxI), the Barcoding Region, nine haplotypes were revealed. Two were found only in the Israeli collections and averaged 3% sequence divergence compared to the other seven haplotypes found in the United States, Israel and Syria. In evaluations of virulence, the Israeli HF in culture was virulent to 11 of the 19 (R) genes tested, and complementation analysis documented that, for four of the R genes tested, the Israeli HF shared loci for virulence with HF from the United States. Levels of HF infestation at seven Israeli fields were at least at the 5-8% level, which historically has indicated a significant yield loss. Microsatellite genotyping of the five HF collections from Israel revealed mixed populations in Israel that are distinctly separate from the single population in Syria. C1 [Johnson, A. J.; Schemerhorn, B. J.; Shukle, R. H.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Johnson, A. J.; Schemerhorn, B. J.; Shukle, R. H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Weintraub, P. G.] Agr Res Org, Gilat Res Ctr, IL-85280 Dn Negev, Israel. [Katoch, R.] CSKHPKV, Palampur 176062, Himachal Prades, India. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Unit, 170 S Univ St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shukle@purdue.edu OI Schemerhorn, Brandon/0000-0003-0247-478X FU USDA CRIS [3602-22000-016-00D] FX We thank John Shukle for the statistical analyses pertaining to this study. Special thanks to Dr Mustapha El Bouhssini for sending samples of both Mayetiola destructor and Mayetiola hordei. This is a joint contribution of the USDA-ARS and Purdue University. This study was supported through USDA CRIS no. 3602-22000-016-00D. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 632 EP 643 DI 10.1017/S0007485312000235 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 036SI UT WOS:000311050400003 PM 22564785 ER PT J AU Voruganti, VS Laston, S Haack, K Mehta, NR Smith, CW Cole, SA Butte, NF Comuzzie, AG AF Voruganti, V. Saroja Laston, Sandra Haack, Karin Mehta, Nitesh R. Smith, C. Wayne Cole, Shelley A. Butte, Nancy F. Comuzzie, Anthony G. TI Genome-wide association replicates the association of Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) polymorphisms with serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in Hispanic children SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE Obesity; Inflammation; Polymorphism; Effect size; Variance ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; OBESITY; INFLAMMATION; ANTIGEN/RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; MARKER; CELLS; SIDE AB Obesity is associated with a chronic low inflammatory state characterized by elevated levels of chemokines. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a member of the cysteine-cysteine (CC) chemokine family and is increased in obesity. The purpose of this study was to identify loci regulating serum MCP-1 in obese Hispanic children from the Viva La Familia Study. A genome-wide association (GWA) analysis was performed in 815 children, ages 4-19 years, using genotypes assayed with the Illumina HumanOmni1-Quad v1.0 BeadChips. All analyses were performed in SOLAR using a linear regression-based test under an additive model of allelic effect, while accounting for the relatedness of family members via a kinship variance component. The strongest association for MCP-1 levels was found with a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs12075, resulting in an amino acid substitution (Asp42Gly) in the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) gene product (minor allele frequency = 43.6%, p = 1.3 x 10(-21)) on chromosome 1. Four other DARC SNPs were also significantly associated with MCP-1 levels (p < 10(-16)-10(-6)). The Asp42Gly variant was associated with higher levels of MCP-1 and accounted for approximately 10% of its variability. In addition, MCP-1 levels were significantly associated with SNPs in chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) and caspase recruitment domain family, member 9 (CARD9). In summary, the association of the DARC Asp42Gly variant with MCP-1 levels replicates previous GWA results substantiating a potential role for DARC in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Voruganti, V. Saroja; Laston, Sandra; Haack, Karin; Cole, Shelley A.; Comuzzie, Anthony G.] Texas Biomed Res Inst, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. [Mehta, Nitesh R.; Smith, C. Wayne; Butte, Nancy F.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Voruganti, VS (reprint author), Texas Biomed Res Inst, Dept Genet, POB 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. EM saroja@TxBiomedgenetics.org FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DK080457]; USDA/ARS [6250-51000-053]; Research Facilities Improvement Program of the National Center for Research Resources, NIH [C06 RR013556, C06 RR017515] FX We thank all the families who participated in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study. The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Grace-Ellen Meixner, Margie Britten and Maria del Pilar Villegas. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DK080457], and the USDA/ARS [Cooperative Agreement 6250-51000-053]. Work performed at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas was conducted in facilities constructed with support from the Research Facilities Improvement Program of the National Center for Research Resources, NIH [C06 RR013556, C06 RR017515]. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD DEC PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 634 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.08.029 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 039LT UT WOS:000311248000008 PM 23017229 ER PT J AU Kim, S Faris, L Cox, CM Sumners, LH Jenkins, MC Fetterer, RH Miska, KB Dalloul, RA AF Kim, Sungwon Faris, Laura Cox, Chasity M. Sumners, Lindsay H. Jenkins, Mark C. Fetterer, Ray H. Miska, Kate B. Dalloul, Rami A. TI Molecular characterization and immunological roles of avian IL-22 and its soluble receptor IL-22 binding protein SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE Chicken; IL-10; IL-22; IL22BP; Inflammation ID INDUCIBLE FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN 22; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; HOST-DEFENSE; IL-TIF; CELLS; CLONING; CYTOKINE; IL-10; IDENTIFICATION AB As a member of the interleukin (IL)-10 family, IL-22 is an important mediator in modulating tissue responses during inflammation. Through activation of STAT3-signaling cascades, IL-22 induces proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways, as well as antimicrobial peptides (AMPS), that help prevent tissue damage and aid in its repair. This study reports the cloning and expression of recombinant chicken IL-22 (rChIL-22) and its soluble receptor, rChIL22BP, and characterization of biological effects of rChIL-22 during inflammatory responses. Similar to observations with mammalian IL-22, purified rChIL-22 had no effect on either peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or lymphocytes. This was due to the low expression of the receptor ChIL22RA1 chain compared to ChIL10RB chain. rChIL-22 alone did not affect chicken embryo kidney cells (CEKCs); however, co-stimulation of CEKCs with LPS and rChIL-22 enhanced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and AMPs. Furthermore, rChIL-22 alone stimulated and induced acute phase reactants in chicken embryo liver cells (CELCs). These effects of rChIL-22 were abolished by pre-incubation of rChIL-22 with rChIL22BP. Together, this study indicates an important role of ChIL-22 on epithelial cells and hepatocytes during inflammation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Sungwon; Faris, Laura; Cox, Chasity M.; Sumners, Lindsay H.; Dalloul, Rami A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Avian Immunobiol Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jenkins, Mark C.; Fetterer, Ray H.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Miska, Kate B.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dalloul, RA (reprint author), 3170 Litton Reaves Hall,0306, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM RDalloul@vt.edu OI Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD DEC PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 815 EP 827 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.08.005 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 039LT UT WOS:000311248000034 PM 22980486 ER PT J AU Robins, JG Bushman, BS Jensen, KB AF Robins, Joseph G. Bushman, B. Shaun Jensen, Kevin B. TI Dry matter yield combining ability among nine sources of orchardgrass germplasm SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Cocksfoot; Forage yield; Genetic similarity; Heterotic groups ID DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA L; MOLECULAR MARKER DIVERSITY; ALFALFA POPULATIONS; DIALLEL ANALYSES; SINGLE-CROSSES; FORAGE YIELD; PERFORMANCE; HETEROSIS; GRASS; HETEROZYGOSITY AB Yield gains in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), like most cool-season grasses, have lagged compared to other crop species. The development of synthetic varieties may capitalize on combining ability: mother genotypes are selected after progeny testing. The progenies are obtained from polycrosses and their performance is a measure of the general combining ability (GCA) of the mother genotypes. An initial step to this breeding strategy is the identification of combining ability in germplasm sources of interest for breeding. This study evaluated nine orchardgrass germplasm sources utilizing a diallel crossing design to determine general and specific combining abilities among population hybrids. Three forage harvests were taken each year for 3 years from population hybrids, parental populations, and commercial checks. Differences (P < 0.05) were observed among the entries for dry matter yield within harvests and on a total yearly basis. Population hybrids were identified with comparable or higher yields than the check varieties. Significant general and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for dry matter yield were observed. A breeding population, derived from collections from the Altai region of Russia, possessed high overall general combining ability. A germplasm population, collected from Xinjiang Province in China, possessed SCA when hybridized with the germplasm from Japan and with the variety Latar, although this Chinese germplasm possessed low GCA. Genetic similarity among parental populations was not correlated with SCA, but one parent population with high within population similarity exhibited particularly high GCA. These results highlight a considerable variation in combining ability with potential use in breeding. C1 [Robins, Joseph G.; Bushman, B. Shaun; Jensen, Kevin B.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM joseph.robins@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD DEC PY 2012 VL 188 IS 3 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s10681-012-0707-z PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 038WB UT WOS:000311203700010 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Klesius, Phillip H. TI Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), tetraspanin membrane protein family: identification, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of tetraspanin 3 and tetraspanin 7 (CD231) transcripts SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; Tetraspanin 3; TSPAN3; Tetraspanin 7; TSPAN7; CD231 ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MOUSE TSPAN-3; CDNA; CD81; SUPERFAMILY; EXPRESSION; MEMBER; CD9; SEQUENCES AB Tetraspanins, a large cell surface protein superfamily characterized by having four transmembrane domains, play many critical roles in physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we report the identification, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the channel catfish tetraspanin 3 and tetraspanin 7 (CD231) transcripts. The full-length nucleotide sequences of tetraspanin 3 and tetraspanin 7 cDNA have 1,453 and 1,842 base pairs, respectively. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences reveals that each has one open reading frame (ORF). The ORF of tetraspanin 3 appears to encode 241 amino acids with calculated molecular mass of 26.8 kDa, while the ORF of tetraspanin 7 potentially encodes 251 amino acids with calculated molecular mass of 27.9 kDa. By comparison with the human counterparts, the channel catfish tetraspanin 3 and tetraspanin 7 peptides have four transmembrane domains, three intracellular domains and two (small and large) extracellular domains. In addition, several characteristic features critical for structure and functions in mammalian tetraspanins are also conserved in channel catfish tetraspanin 3 and tetraspanin 7. The transcripts were detected by RT-PCR in restrictive organs. These results with those from our previous studies on other channel catfish tetraspanins provide important information for further investigating the roles of various tetraspanins in channel catfish infection with microorganisms. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, USDA, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM hungyueh.yeh@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project [6420-32000-020-00D] FX We are grateful to Mrs. Dorothy B. Moseley of USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit in Auburn, AL for excellent technical support, and Dr. Brian E. Scheffler and his Bioinformatics Group at the USDA ARS Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit in Stoneville, MS for sequencing and bioinformatics. This study was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project no. 6420-32000-020-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. The US Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1553 EP 1563 DI 10.1007/s10695-012-9645-x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 035NW UT WOS:000310954900002 PM 22547004 ER PT J AU Huang, HQ Fletcher, A Niu, YG Wang, TTY Yu, LL AF Huang, Haiqiu Fletcher, Arnetta Niu, Yuge Wang, Thomas T. Y. Yu, Liangli TI Characterization of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine expression in macrophages and monocytes SO INFLAMMATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cytokine; J774A.1; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharide; THP-1; TLR4 ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SEPTIC SHOCK; KAPPA-B; INFLAMMATION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ENDOTOXEMIA; CANCER; CYTOTOXICITY; MECHANISM AB In vitro cell culture models are widely used in inflammation research; however, information regarding the time- and dose-dependency of inflammatory responses toward LPS in these cell lines is scattered in the literature. J774A.1 mouse macrophage and THP-1 human monocyte cell lines. J774A.1 and THP-1 cells were treated with 0-500 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide for 0-24 h. SRB and BCA tests were used to measure total protein. Real-time PCR was used to determine gene expression levels, and ELISA was used to assess the protein levels. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test were used to test the significance levels. In J774A.1 and THP-1 cells, cytokines responded in distinct patterns upon LPS stimulation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the differential regulation of the response to LPS between J774A.1 and THP-1 cells appeared to correlate with the differential regulation of TLR4 at the mRNA level. In summary, this study indicated that temporal and dose-dependent responses to LPS need to be controlled for and that extrapolation of data on mechanisms may differ between cell lines of different origin. C1 [Huang, Haiqiu; Fletcher, Arnetta; Yu, Liangli] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] ARS, DGIL, BHNRC, USDA,BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Niu, Yuge] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 0112 Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Tom.Wang@ars.usda.gov; lyu5@umd.edu RI Huang, Haiqiu/J-8856-2012 FU JIFSAN; SJTU [TS0414115001, TS0320215001]; USDA [1235-51530-053-00D] FX This research was supported by a grant from JIFSAN, a grant from SJTU 985-III disciplines platform and talent fund (Grant Nos. TS0414115001; TS0320215001), and USDA appropriate fund Project # 1235-51530-053-00D (TW). The authors would like to thank Dr. Joe Urban for his comments on the manuscript. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1023-3830 J9 INFLAMM RES JI Inflamm. Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1329 EP 1338 DI 10.1007/s00011-012-0533-8 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 035ZZ UT WOS:000310995500005 PM 22842767 ER PT J AU Faris, JD Abeysekara, NS McClean, PE Xu, SS Friesen, TL AF Faris, Justin D. Abeysekara, Nilwala S. McClean, Phillip E. Xu, Steven S. Friesen, Timothy L. TI Tan spot susceptibility governed by the Tsn1 locus and race-nonspecific resistance quantitative trait loci in a population derived from the wheat lines Salamouni and Katepwa SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Wheat; Tan spot; Pyrenophora triticirepentis; Necrotrophic pathogen; Disease resistance; Host-selective toxin; Race-nonspecific resistance; Quantitative trait loci ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; EFFECTOR-TRIGGERED SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENE CONFERRING RESISTANCE; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT AB Wheat-tan spot interactions are known to have an inverse gene-for-gene relationship where pathogen-produced necrotrophic effectors are recognized by host sensitivity genes to cause susceptibility. However, broad-spectrum race-nonspecific resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) that do not conform to the inverse gene-for-gene model have also been identified in this system. Here, we evaluated a population of wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from Salamouni (resistant) and Katepwa (susceptible) for reaction to two isolates of race 1 (Pti2 and Asc1) and one isolate of race 2 (86-124), which all produce the necrotrophic effector Ptr ToxA, and the isolate AR LonB2, which does not produce Ptr ToxA and does not conform to the current race classification system. As expected, the Tsn1 locus was significantly associated with disease caused by all three ToxA-producing isolates and was not associated with tan spot caused by AR LonB2. However, the amount of variation explained by Tsn1 varied considerably, with values of 5, 22, and 30 % for Asc1, Pti2, and 86-124, respectively, suggesting possible variability in ToxA gene regulation among these isolates. A locus on chromosome arm 7DS was specifically associated with isolate AR LonB2 but explained only 8 % of the variation. Additional QTL on 5DL and 7BS were race-nonspecific and associated with tan spot caused by multiple isolates. These results provide further evidence that race-nonspecific resistance QTL play important roles in governing reaction to tan spot, and they suggest that the wheat-tan spot pathosystem is more complicated than previously thought. The elimination of necrotrophic effector sensitivity genes and the addition of race-nonspecific resistance loci are needed to develop wheat cultivars with high levels of tan spot resistance. C1 [Faris, Justin D.; Xu, Steven S.; Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, NPA, NCSL, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Abeysekara, Nilwala S.; McClean, Phillip E.] N Dakota State Univ, Genom & Bioinformat Program, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Abeysekara, Nilwala S.; McClean, Phillip E.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, NPA, NCSL, 1605 Albrecht BLVD, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM justin.faris@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS project [5442-22000-033-00D] FX The authors thank Danielle Holmes and Jamie Hauff for technical assistance. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project 5442-22000-033-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1669 EP 1678 DI 10.1007/s11032-012-9750-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 038WN UT WOS:000311204900012 ER PT J AU Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Arias, N Meinzer, FC Goldstein, G AF Scholz, Fabian G. Bucci, Sandra J. Arias, Nadia Meinzer, Frederick C. Goldstein, Guillermo TI Osmotic and elastic adjustments in cold desert shrubs differing in rooting depth: coping with drought and subzero temperatures SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Elastic modulus; Hydraulic conductivity; Stomatal conductance; Tissue injury; Water relationships ID PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS; SOIL-WATER AVAILABILITY; PATAGONIAN STEPPE; CELL-WALL; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; FREEZING TOLERANCE; PLANT PHENOLOGY; LEAF; ACCLIMATION AB Physiological adjustments to enhance tolerance or avoidance of summer drought and winter freezing were studied in shallow- to deep-rooted Patagonian cold desert shrubs. We measured leaf water potential (I-L), osmotic potential, tissue elasticity, stem hydraulic characteristics, and stomatal conductance (g (S)) across species throughout the year, and assessed tissue damage by subzero temperatures during winter. Species behavior was highly dependent on rooting depth. Substantial osmotic adjustment (up to 1.2 MPa) was observed in deep-rooted species exhibiting relatively small seasonal variations in I-L and with access to a more stable water source, but having a large difference between predawn and midday I-L. On the other hand, shallow-rooted species exposed to large seasonal changes in I-L showed limited osmotic adjustment and incomplete stomatal closure, resulting in turgor loss during periods of drought. The bulk leaf tissue elastic modulus (epsilon) was lower in species with relatively shallow roots. Daily variation in g (S) was larger in shallow-rooted species (more than 50 % of its maximum) and was negatively associated with the difference between I-L at the turgor loss point and minimum I-L (safety margin for turgor maintenance). All species increased epsilon by about 10 MPa during winter. Species with rigid tissue walls exhibited low leaf tissue damage at -20 A degrees C. Our results suggest that osmotic adjustment was the main water relationship adaptation to cope with drought during summer and spring, particularly in deep-rooted plants, and that adjustments in cell wall rigidity during the winter helped to enhance freezing tolerance. C1 [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.; Arias, Nadia; Goldstein, Guillermo] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.; Arias, Nadia] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Fac Ciencias Nat, GEBEF, Dept Biol, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, LEF, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Scholz, FG (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM fgscholz@yahoo.com RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 FU CONICET [PIP 112-200801-01703] FX This study was supported by CONICET grant (PIP 112-200801-01703). This work complies with Argentinean Law. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 67 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2012 VL 170 IS 4 BP 885 EP 897 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2368-y PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036AT UT WOS:000310999400001 PM 22644052 ER PT J AU Khiutti, A Afanasenko, O Antonova, O Shuvalov, O Novikova, L Krylova, E Chalaya, N Mironenko, N Spooner, DM Gavrilenko, T AF Khiutti, Alexander Afanasenko, Olga Antonova, Olga Shuvalov, Oleg Novikova, Lubov Krylova, Ekaterina Chalaya, Nadezhda Mironenko, Nina Spooner, David M. Gavrilenko, Tatjana TI Characterization of resistance to Synchytrium endobioticum in cultivated potato accessions from the collection of Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE marker-assisted selection; potato; potato wart; resistance; Synchytrium endobioticum; taxonomy ID WART DISEASE; WILD RELATIVES; SCHILB PERC; TAXONOMIC PREDICTIVITY; INHERITANCE; HISTORY; PETOTA; BLIGHT; GENES AB With 7 figures and 1 table Abstract The causal agent of potato wart (Synchytrium endobioticum) is an obligate parasitic chytrid fungus. It is included as a quarantine pathogen in 55 countries, with losses in susceptible cultivars reaching 50100%. The aim of our study was to characterize the resistance to S. endobioticum pathotype 1 in cultivated potatoes from a well-characterized subset of the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry collection and to determine whether this resistance is associated with cultivated potato species taxonomy, with ploidy, with geographic distance or with a molecular marker Nl25-1400 proposed for molecular screening for resistance to pathotype 1 of S. endobioticum. Within the diversity of 52 landrace genotypes, our work shows a lack of such predictive associations with wart resistance. High intraspecific variation of wart diseases resistance allows the selection of extremely resistant and susceptible genotypes available for future genetic and breeding studies. C1 [Antonova, Olga; Shuvalov, Oleg; Novikova, Lubov; Krylova, Ekaterina; Chalaya, Nadezhda; Gavrilenko, Tatjana] NI Vavilov Inst Plant Ind VIR, Dept Biotechnol, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. [Khiutti, Alexander; Afanasenko, Olga; Mironenko, Nina] All Russian Inst Plant Protect, Lab Plant Immun Dis, St Petersburg 196608, Pushkin, Russia. [Spooner, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gavrilenko, Tatjana] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Gavrilenko, T (reprint author), NI Vavilov Inst Plant Ind VIR, Dept Biotechnol, Bolshaya Morskaya St 42-44, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. EM tatjana9972@yandex.ru OI Antonova, Olga/0000-0001-8334-8069 FU ISTC [3329]; NSF DEB [0316614] FX This research was supported by grant ISTC 3329 and by NSF DEB 0316614. We thank Christine Gebhardt for review of an earlier draft of our manuscript. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0179-9541 EI 1439-0523 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 131 IS 6 BP 744 EP 750 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2012.02005.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 039GD UT WOS:000311231700010 ER PT J AU Zhang, HC Wang, CF Cheng, YL Chen, XM Han, QM Huang, LL Wei, GR Kang, ZS AF Zhang, Hongchang Wang, Chenfang Cheng, Yulin Chen, Xianming Han, Qingmei Huang, Lili Wei, Guorong Kang, Zhensheng TI Histological and cytological characterization of adult plant resistance to wheat stripe rust SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Age-related resistance; Hypersensitive cell death; Puccinia striiformis; Reactive oxygen species; Triticum aestivum ID F-SP TRITICI; AGE-RELATED RESISTANCE; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; DURABLE RESISTANCE; INCOMPATIBLE INTERACTIONS; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GROWTH-STAGES; LEAF RUST AB Wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104 (XZ) possesses adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). In this study, histological and cytological experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of APR in XZ. The results of leaf inoculation experiments indicated that APR was initiated at the tillering stage, gradually increased as the plant aged and highly expressed after boot stage. The histology and oxidative burst in infected leaves of plants at seedling, tillering and boot stages were examined using light microscopic and histochemical methods. Subcellular changes in the host-pathogen interactions during the seedling and boot stages were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that haustorium formation was retarded in the adult plants and that the differentiation of secondary intercellular hyphae was significantly inhibited, which decreased the development of microcolonies in the adult plants, especially in plants of boot stage. The expression of APR to stipe rust during wheat development was clearly associated with extensive hypersensitive cell death of host cells and localized production of reactive oxygen species, which coincided with the restriction of fungal growth in infection sites in adult plants. At the same time, cell wall-related resistance in adult plants prevented ingression of haustorial mother cells into plant cells. Haustorium encasement was coincident with malformation or death of haustoria. The results provide useful information for further determination of mechanisms of wheat APR to stripe rust. Key message The expression of APR to stipe rust in wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104 (XZ) was clearly associated with extensive hypersensitive cell death of host cells and the localized production of reactive oxygen species. C1 [Zhang, Hongchang; Wang, Chenfang; Cheng, Yulin; Han, Qingmei; Huang, Lili; Wei, Guorong; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hongchang; Wang, Chenfang; Cheng, Yulin; Han, Qingmei; Huang, Lili; Wei, Guorong; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hongchang] NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kang, ZS (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30930064]; Earmark Fundof China Agriculture Research System [CARS-3-1-11]; Ministry of Education of China [B07049] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30930064), the Earmark Fundof China Agriculture Research System (No. CARS-3-1-11), and the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (No. B07049). NR 50 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2121 EP 2137 DI 10.1007/s00299-012-1322-0 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 035MP UT WOS:000310951600001 PM 22833277 ER PT J AU Dees, MW Wanner, LA AF Dees, Merete W. Wanner, Leslie A. TI In Search of Better Management of Potato Common Scab SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gram-positive plant pathogen; Pathogenicity factors; Streptomyces spp; Thaxtomin ID SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; PATHOGENIC STREPTOMYCES STRAINS; THAXTOMIN-A; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NETTED SCAB; SP-NOV; PLANT PATHOGENICITY; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB Common scab (CS) is an important disease and quality problem in potato crops worldwide. CS degrades the appearance of the potato tubers, thereby diminishing market value. Knowledge of CS has expanded considerably over recent years, enabling improved detection of the causal pathogens and increased understanding of mechanisms of pathogenicity, and providing potential methods of modulating pathogen response for disease resistance. However, effective control of this disease remains elusive, and will require increased understanding of both the host and the pathogen. Traditional control strategies such as irrigation and reduced soil pH are not sufficient and often fail. Optimizing environmental conditions for reduction of CS can also lead to favorable conditions for other diseases. The most desirable control method would be disease-resistant potato cultivars. However, no currently available commercial potato cultivar has been shown to be completely resistant to CS. In this review, we provide an overview of potato CS caused by plant pathogenic Streptomyces species, recent research on mechanisms and management of the disease, and knowledge gaps that limit successful control of this ubiquitous and troublesome disease. C1 [Wanner, Leslie A.] ARS, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetables Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dees, Merete W.] Norwegian Inst Agr & Environm Res, Bioforsk, Plant Hlth & Plant Protect Div, N-1432 As, Norway. RP Wanner, LA (reprint author), ARS, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetables Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Leslie.Wanner@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [1275-21220-250-0OD]; Research Council of Norway; Foundation for Research Levy on Agricultural Products; Agricultural Agreement Research Fund; Norwegian food industries FX Thanks to the helpful commentary of Dr. Jo Anne Crouch, Dr. Linda Kinkel, and an anonymous reviewer in editing the manuscript. This work was partially supported by USDA-ARS project number 1275-21220-250-0OD, the Research Council of Norway, the Foundation for Research Levy on Agricultural Products, the Agricultural Agreement Research Fund, and Norwegian food industries. NR 149 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 249 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s11540-012-9206-9 PG 20 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 034KA UT WOS:000310870300006 ER PT J AU Newell, MA Asoro, FG Scott, MP White, PJ Beavis, WD Jannink, JL AF Newell, Mark A. Asoro, Franco G. Scott, M. Paul White, Pamela J. Beavis, William D. Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Genome-wide association study for oat (Avena sativa L.) beta-glucan concentration using germplasm of worldwide origin SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; GENE FAMILY; BARLEY; MAP; (1,3/1,4)-BETA-D-GLUCANS; SELECTION; FEATURES AB Detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling complex traits followed by selection has become a common approach for selection in crop plants. The QTL are most often identified by linkage mapping using experimental F-2, backcross, advanced inbred, or doubled haploid families. An alternative approach for QTL detection are genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that use pre-existing lines such as those found in breeding programs. We explored the implementation of GWAS in oat (Avena sativa L.) to identify QTL affecting beta-glucan concentration, a soluble dietary fiber with several human health benefits when consumed as a whole grain. A total of 431 lines of worldwide origin were tested over 2 years and genotyped using Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers. A mixed model approach was used where both population structure fixed effects and pair-wise kinship random effects were included. Various mixed models that differed with respect to population structure and kinship were tested for their ability to control for false positives. As expected, given the level of population structure previously described in oat, population structure did not play a large role in controlling for false positives. Three independent markers were significantly associated with beta-glucan concentration. Significant marker sequences were compared with rice and one of the three showed sequence homology to genes localized on rice chromosome seven adjacent to the CslF gene family, known to have beta-glucan synthase function. Results indicate that GWAS in oat can be a successful option for QTL detection, more so with future development of higher-density markers. C1 [Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [White, Pamela J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scott, M. Paul] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Asoro, Franco G.; Beavis, William D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Newell, Mark A.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. RP Jannink, JL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, 407 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM manewell@noble.org; jeanluc.jannink@ars.usda.gov RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 FU USDA-NIFA [2008-55301-18746] FX Funding for this work was provided by USDA-NIFA grant number 2008-55301-18746 "Association genetics of beta-glucan metabolism to enhance oat germplasm for food and nutritional function". NR 38 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 125 IS 8 BP 1687 EP 1696 DI 10.1007/s00122-012-1945-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 035MX UT WOS:000310952400008 PM 22865125 ER PT J AU Nilthong, S Graybosch, RA Baenziger, PS AF Nilthong, Somrudee Graybosch, R. A. Baenziger, P. S. TI Inheritance of grain polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in multiple wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic backgrounds SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-SEED ASSAY; COMMON WHEAT; ALLELIC VARIATION; NOODLE COLOR; CULTIVARS; DURUM; FLOUR AB Grain polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity can cause discoloration of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) food products. Five crosses (PI 117635/Antelope; Fielder/NW03681; Fielder/Antelope; NW07OR1070/Antelope; NW07OR1066/OR2050272H) were selected to study the genetic inheritance of PPO activity. STS markers, PPO18, PPO29 and STS01, were used to identify lines with putative alleles at the Ppo-A1 and Ppo-D1 loci conditioning low or high PPO activity. ANOVA showed significant genotypic effects on PPO activity (P < 0.0001) in all populations. The generations and generation x genotype effects were not significant in any population. A putative third (null) genotype at Ppo-A1 (no PCR fragments for PPO18) was discovered in NW07OR1066 and NW07OR1070 derived populations, and these had the lowest mean PPO activities. Results demonstrated that both Ppo-A1 and Ppo-D1 loci affect the kernel PPO activity, but the Ppo-A1 has the major effect. In three populations, contrary results were observed to those predicted from previous work with Ppo-D1 alleles, suggesting the markers for Ppo-D1 allele might give erroneous results in some genetic backgrounds or lineages. Results suggest that selection for low or null alleles only at Ppo-A1 might allow development of low PPO wheat cultivars. C1 [Graybosch, R. A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Nilthong, Somrudee; Baenziger, P. S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 137 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bob.graybosch@ars.usda.gov RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 125 IS 8 BP 1705 EP 1715 DI 10.1007/s00122-012-1947-y PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 035MX UT WOS:000310952400010 PM 22864385 ER PT J AU Proemse, BC Mayer, B Fenn, ME AF Proemse, Bernadette C. Mayer, Bernhard Fenn, Mark E. TI Tracing industrial sulfur contributions to atmospheric sulfate deposition in the Athabasca oil sands region, Alberta, Canada SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID DEPOSITION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; PHASE OXIDATION; CENTRAL-EUROPE; OXYGEN; PRECIPITATION; NITROGEN; RATIOS; FOREST; O-18 AB Anthropogenic S emissions in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) in Alberta, Canada, affect SO4 deposition in close vicinity of industrial emitters. Between May 2008 and May 2009, SO4-S deposition was monitored using open field bulk collectors at 15 sites and throughfall collectors at 14 sites at distances between 3 and 113 km from one of the major emission stacks in the AOSR. At forested plots >90 km from the operations, SO4 deposition was similar to 1.4 kg SO4-S ha (1) yr (1) for bulk deposition and similar to 3.3 kg SO4-S ha (1) yr (1) for throughfall deposition. Throughfall SO4 deposition rates in the AOSR exceeded bulk deposition rates at all sites by a factor of 2-3, indicating significant inputs of dry deposition especially under forest canopies. Both bulk and throughfall SO4 deposition rates were elevated within 29 km distance of the industrial operations with deposition rates as high as 11.7 kg SO4-S ha (1) yr (1) for bulk deposition and 39.2 kg SO4-S ha (1) yr (1) for throughfall at industrial sites. Sulfur isotope ratio measurements of atmospheric SO4 deposited in the AOSR revealed that at a few selected locations S-34-depleted SO4, likely derived from H2S emissions from tailing ponds contributes to local atmospheric SO4 deposition. In general, however, delta S-34 values of SO4 deposition at distant forested plots (>74 km) with low deposition rates were not isotopically different from delta S-34 values at sites with high deposition rates in the AOSR and are, therefore, not suitable to determine industrial S contributions. However, O isotope ratios of atmospheric SO4 in bulk and throughfall deposition in the AOSR showed a distinct trend of decreasing delta O-18-SO4 values with increasing SO4 deposition rates allowing quantification of industrial contributions to atmospheric SO4 deposition. Two-end-member mixing calculations revealed that open field bulk SO4 deposition especially at industrial sites in close proximity (<29 km) to the operations is significantly (17-59%) affected by industrial S emissions and that throughfall generally contained 49-100% SO4 of industrial origin. Hence, it is suggested that delta O-18 values of SO4 may constitute a suitable tracer for quantifying industrial contributions to atmospheric SO4 deposition in the AOSR. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Proemse, Bernadette C.; Mayer, Bernhard] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Fenn, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Proemse, BC (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM bcpromse@ucalgary.ca FU Wood Buffalo Environmental Association (WBEA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [NSERC CRDPJ 372151-08]; Canada School for Energy and the Environment (CSEE) FX This study was funded by the Wood Buffalo Environmental Association (WBEA), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC CRDPJ 372151-08), and the Canada School for Energy and the Environment (CSEE). We thank the staff of WBEA for their assistance in project coordination and for obtaining samples, in particular Veronica Chisholm and Kevin Percy. We thank Stephen Taylor and the staff from the Isotope Science Laboratory at University of Calgary for their help with delta34S and delta18O analyses, and Christopher Ross from the USDA Forest Service for his support and chemical analyses of the IER extracts. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2425 EP 2434 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.006 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 032YS UT WOS:000310757600015 ER PT J AU Hull, JJ Hoffmann, EJ Perera, OP Snodgrass, GL AF Hull, J. Joe Hoffmann, Eric J. Perera, Omaththage P. Snodgrass, Gordon L. TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE WESTERN TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus hesperus) OLFACTORY CO-RECEPTOR ORCO: EXPRESSION PROFILE AND CONFIRMATION OF ATYPICAL MEMBRANE TOPOLOGY SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lygus hesperus; olfactory co-receptor; olfaction; immunofluorescent microscopy; membrane topology ID DROSOPHILA ODORANT RECEPTORS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS; FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; TRANSMEMBRANE TOPOLOGY; LINEOLARIS HEMIPTERA; HETEROPTERA MIRIDAE; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; INSECT OLFACTION AB Lygus hesperus (western tarnished plant bug) is an agronomically important pest species of numerous cropping systems. Similar to other insects, a critical component underlying behaviors is the perception and discrimination of olfactory cues. Consequently, the molecular basis of olfaction in this species is of interest. To begin to address this issue, we utilized homology-based PCR as a commonly accepted abbreviation but if necessary it is polymerase chain reaction methods to identify the L. hesperus olfactory receptor co-receptor (Orco) ortholog, a receptor that has been shown to be essential for olfaction. The L. hesperus Orco (LhOrco) shares significant sequence homology with known Orco proteins in other insects. Parallel experiments using the sympatric sister species, Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug), revealed that the Lygus Orco gene was completely conserved. Surprisingly, a majority of the membrane topology prediction algorithms used in the study predicted LhOrco to have both the N and C terminus intracellular. In vitro immunofluorescent microscopy experiments designed to probe the membrane topology of transiently expressed LhOrco, however, refuted those predictions and confirmed that the protein adopts the inverted topology (intracellular N terminus and an extracellular C terminus) characteristic of Orco proteins. RT-PCR analyses indicated that LhOrco transcripts are predominantly expressed in adult antennae and to a lesser degree in traditionally nonolfactory chemosensory tissues of the proboscis and legs. Expression is not developmentally regulated because transcripts were detected in all nymphal stages as well as eggs. Taken together, the results suggest that LhOrco likely plays a critical role in mediating L. hesperus odorant perception and discrimination. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Hull, J. Joe; Hoffmann, Eric J.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Perera, Omaththage P.; Snodgrass, Gordon L.] ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Hull, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ USA. EM joe.hull@ars.usda.gov NR 82 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 81 IS 4 BP 179 EP 198 DI 10.1002/arch.21042 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 033LW UT WOS:000310799000002 PM 22836832 ER PT J AU Wang, J Gao, W Xu, SY Yu, LZ AF Wang, Jun Gao, Wei Xu, Shiyuan Yu, Lizhong TI Evaluation of the combined risk of sea level rise, land subsidence, and storm surges on the coastal areas of Shanghai, China SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; RIVER DELTA; IMPACTS; MODEL; 21ST-CENTURY; DEFORMATION; PREDICTION; INDONESIA AB Shanghai is a low-lying city (3-4 m elevation) surrounded on three sides by the East China Sea, the Yangtze River Estuary, and Hangzhou Bay. With a history of rapid changes in sea level and land subsidence, Shanghai is often plagued by extreme typhoon storm surges. The interaction of sea level rise, land subsidence, and storm surges may lead to more complex, variable, and abrupt disasters. In this paper, we used MIKE 21 models to simulate the combined effect of this disaster chain in Shanghai. Projections indicate that the sea level will rise 86.6 mm, 185.6 mm, and 433.1 mm by 2030, 2050, and 2100, respectively. Anthropogenic subsidence is a serious problem. The maximum annual subsidence rate is 24.12 mm/year. By 2100, half of Shanghai is projected to be flooded, and 46 % of the seawalls and levees are projected to be overtopped. The risk of flooding is closely related to the impact of land subsidence on the height of existing seawalls and levees. Land subsidence increases the need for flood control measures in Shanghai. C1 [Wang, Jun; Xu, Shiyuan; Yu, Lizhong] E China Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jun; Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. EM jwang@geo.ecnu.edu.cn; wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu; syxu@geo.ecnu.edu.cn; lzyu@admin.ecnu.edu.cn RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB951603]; Shanghai Youth Science and Technology Venus Program [09QA1401800]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40730526, 40901010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Education Ministry [12YJCZH257] FX This paper was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB951603), the Shanghai Youth Science and Technology Venus Program (No. 09QA1401800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40730526, 40901010), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Humanities and social science projects of Education Ministry, (No. 12YJCZH257). The authors would like to thank Dr. Ye Mingwu, Ms. Huang Jing and Hou Yulan, for their assistance in model analysis. Finally, we have to extend our thanks to the professors who, in their busiest schedules, draw out enough time to review this paper. NR 67 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 8 U2 112 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2012 VL 115 IS 3-4 BP 537 EP 558 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0468-7 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 032TI UT WOS:000310741600007 ER PT J AU Stark, SC Leitold, V Wu, JL Hunter, MO de Castilho, CV Costa, FRC McMahon, SM Parker, GG Shimabukuro, MT Lefsky, MA Keller, M Alves, LF Schietti, J Shimabukuro, YE Brandao, DO Woodcock, TK Higuchi, N de Camargo, PB de Oliveira, RC Saleska, SR AF Stark, Scott C. Leitold, Veronika Wu, Jin L. Hunter, Maria O. de Castilho, Carolina V. Costa, Flavia R. C. McMahon, Sean M. Parker, Geoffrey G. Shimabukuro, Monica Takako Lefsky, Michael A. Keller, Michael Alves, Luciana F. Schietti, Juliana Shimabukuro, Yosio Edemir Brandao, Diego O. Woodcock, Tara K. Higuchi, Niro de Camargo, Plinio B. de Oliveira, Raimundo C. Saleska, Scott R. TI Amazon forest carbon dynamics predicted by profiles of canopy leaf area and light environment SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biomass growth; carbon balance; gap fraction; leaf area profiles; remote sensing of canopy structure; LiDAR ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE; METABOLIC ECOLOGY; LIDAR DATA; TREE SIZE; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; HEIGHT; MODELS; GROWTH AB Tropical forest structural variation across heterogeneous landscapes may control above-ground carbon dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that canopy structure (leaf area and light availability) remotely estimated from LiDAR control variation in above-ground coarse wood production (biomass growth). Using a statistical model, these factors predicted biomass growth across tree size classes in forest near Manaus, Brazil. The same statistical model, with no parameterisation change but driven by different observed canopy structure, predicted the higher productivity of a site 500 similar to km east. Gap fraction and a metric of vegetation vertical extent and evenness also predicted biomass gains and losses for one-hectare plots. Despite significant site differences in canopy structure and carbon dynamics, the relation between biomass growth and light fell on a unifying curve. This supported our hypothesis, suggesting that knowledge of canopy structure can explain variation in biomass growth over tropical landscapes and improve understanding of ecosystem function. C1 [Stark, Scott C.; Leitold, Veronika; Wu, Jin L.; Alves, Luciana F.; Woodcock, Tara K.; Saleska, Scott R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hunter, Maria O.; Keller, Michael] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [de Castilho, Carolina V.; Costa, Flavia R. C.; Schietti, Juliana; Brandao, Diego O.; Higuchi, Niro] INPA, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [McMahon, Sean M.; Parker, Geoffrey G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Forest Ecol Grp, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [McMahon, Sean M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Panama City, Panama. [Shimabukuro, Monica Takako; Shimabukuro, Yosio Edemir] Brazilian Inst Space Res INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Lefsky, Michael A.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Keller, Michael] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Alves, Luciana F.] Nucleo Pesquisa Ecol, Inst Bot, BR-01031970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Alves, Luciana F.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Camargo, Plinio B.] Univ Sao Paulo, CENA, Lab Ecol Isotop, BR-13400970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [de Oliveira, Raimundo C.] Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-68035110 Santarem, Para, Brazil. [de Castilho, Carolina V.] Embrapa Roraima, BR-69301970 Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil. [Keller, Michael] Embrapa Monitoramento Satelite, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Stark, SC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM scott.c.stark@gmail.com RI Alves, Luciana/E-1141-2012; Camargo, Plinio/D-6635-2012; Cenbam, Inct/J-9844-2013; Schietti, Juliana/B-8226-2015; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; OI Alves, Luciana/0000-0002-8944-1851; Schietti, Juliana/0000-0002-1687-4373; Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491 NR 50 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 101 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1406 EP 1414 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01864.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 026CO UT WOS:000310250600007 PM 22994288 ER PT J AU Badea, O Bytnerowicz, A Silaghi, D Neagu, S Barbu, I Iacoban, C Iacob, C Guiman, G Preda, E Seceleanu, I Oneata, M Dumitru, I Huber, V Iuncu, H Dinca, L Leca, S Taut, I AF Badea, Ovidiu Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Silaghi, Diana Neagu, Stefan Barbu, Ion Iacoban, Carmen Iacob, Corneliu Guiman, Gheorghe Preda, Elena Seceleanu, Ioan Oneata, Marian Dumitru, Ion Huber, Viorela Iuncu, Horia Dinca, Lucian Leca, Stefan Taut, Ioan TI Status of the Southern Carpathian forests in the long-term ecological research network SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Climatic conditions; Atmospheric deposition; Drought; Forest health; Biodiversity; Tree growth ID RETEZAT MOUNTAINS; FAGUS-SYLVATICA; AIR-POLLUTION; AMBIENT OZONE; PICEA-ABIES; EXPOSURE; AMMONIA; HEALTH; GROWTH; PRECIPITATION AB Air pollution, bulk precipitation, throughfall, soil condition, foliar nutrients, as well as forest health and growth were studied in 2006-2009 in a long-term ecological research (LTER) network in the Bucegi Mountains, Romania. Ozone (O-3) was high indicating a potential for phytotoxicity. Ammonia (NH3) concentrations rose to levels that could contribute to deposition of nutritional nitrogen (N) and could affect biodiversity changes. Higher that 50% contribution of acidic rain (pH < 5.5) contributed to increased acidity of forest soils. Foliar N concentrations for Norway spruce (Picea abies), Silver fir (Abies alba), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) were normal, phosphorus (P) was high, while those of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and especially of manganese (Mn) were significantly below the typical European or Carpathian region levels. The observed nutritional imbalance could have negative effects on forest trees. Health of forests was moderately affected, with damaged trees (crown defoliation > 25%) higher than 30%. The observed crown damage was accompanied by the annual volume losses for the entire research forest area up to 25.4%. High diversity and evenness specific to the stand type's structures and local climate conditions were observed within the herbaceous layer, indicating that biodiversity of the vascular plant communities was not compromised. C1 [Badea, Ovidiu; Silaghi, Diana; Neagu, Stefan; Barbu, Ion; Iacoban, Carmen; Iacob, Corneliu; Guiman, Gheorghe; Oneata, Marian; Dinca, Lucian; Leca, Stefan; Taut, Ioan] Forest Res & Management Inst ICAS, Voluntari 077190, Ilfov, Romania. [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Preda, Elena] Univ Bucharest, Bucharest 050107, Romania. [Seceleanu, Ioan; Iuncu, Horia] Natl Forest Adm Romsilva, Bucharest 010325, Romania. [Badea, Ovidiu; Silaghi, Diana; Huber, Viorela; Leca, Stefan] Transilvania Univ Brasov, Brasov 500030, Romania. [Dumitru, Ion] Valahia Univ, Targoviste 130024, Dambovita, Romania. RP Badea, O (reprint author), Forest Res & Management Inst ICAS, Eroilor Bld 128, Voluntari 077190, Ilfov, Romania. EM obadea@icas.ro RI Silaghi, Diana/P-5387-2014; Neagu, Stefan/A-4993-2011 OI Silaghi, Diana/0000-0002-5374-7998; Neagu, Stefan/0000-0002-2399-3864 FU Romanian Research Agency; European Commission; Romanian National Forest Administration (Romsilva), under the LIFE+ program FX We acknowledge financial support from the Romanian Research Agency's Excellence Research Program, in the framework of the project "Long-term effects of air pollution on selected forest ecosystems in the Bucegi Natural Park-EPAEFOR," which is an ongoing and fruitful consortium collaboration between the Forest Research and Management Institute (ICAS), USDA Forest Service, Transylvania University, Bucharest University, and National Forest Administration (Romsilva). Since 2010, this research has been conducted with the support of the European Commission and the Romanian National Forest Administration (Romsilva), under the LIFE+ program (EnvEurope project). The authors thank Ms. Laurie Dunne for technical editing. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 184 IS 12 BP 7491 EP 7515 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2515-7 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032TO UT WOS:000310742200034 PM 22234644 ER PT J AU Huang, XZ Chahine, MA Frye, JG Cash, DM Lesho, EP Craft, DW Lindler, LE Nikolich, MP AF Huang, X. -Z. Chahine, M. A. Frye, J. G. Cash, D. M. Lesho, E. P. Craft, D. W. Lindler, L. E. Nikolich, M. P. TI Molecular analysis of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from US service members wounded in Iraq, 2003-2008 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE A. baumannii; imipenem resistance; OXA-23 ID MEDICAL-CENTER; MILITARY; STRAINS; SPREAD; GENES AB Global dissemination of imipenem-resistant (IR) clones of Acinetobacter baumannii-A. calcoaceticus complex (ABC) have been frequently reported but the molecular epidemiological features of IR-ABC in military treatment facilities (MTFs) have not been described. We characterized 46 IR-ABC strains from a dataset of 298 ABC isolates collected from US service members hospitalized in different US MTFs domestically and overseas during 2003-2008. All IR strains carried the bla(OXA-51) gene and 40 also carried bla(OXA-23) on plasmids and/or chromosome; one carried bla(OXA-58) and four contained ISAbal located upstream of bla(OXA-51). Strains tended to cluster by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles in time and location. Strains from two major clusters were identified as international clone I by multilocus sequence typing. C1 [Huang, X. -Z.; Chahine, M. A.; Cash, D. M.; Lesho, E. P.; Craft, D. W.; Nikolich, M. P.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Bacterial & Rickettsial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Frye, J. G.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Lindler, L. E.] Dept Homeland Secur, Chem Biol Def Div, Sci & Technol Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Huang, XZ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Bacterial & Rickettsial Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM xiaozhe.huang1.ctr@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 FU DoD-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS) FX We thank Tacita Hamilton for part of the PFGE technical support. Mark Adams provided advice on identification of the AbaR4 resistance island. This work was funded by the DoD-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS). The findings and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the WRAIR, the US Army, the Department of Defense, the US Department of Agriculture or the Department of Homeland Security. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 140 IS 12 BP 2302 EP 2307 DI 10.1017/S0950268811002871 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 031IC UT WOS:000310631700020 PM 22273504 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Ahumada, F Probasco, G Schantz, L AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Ahumada, Fabiana Probasco, Gene Schantz, Lloyd TI The effects of beta acids from hops (Humulus lupulus) on mortality of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; Apis mellifera; Humulus lupulus; Package bees ID APIS-MELLIFERA L.; DEFORMED WING VIRUS; MITE TETRANYCHUS-URTICAE; HONEY-BEE HYMENOPTERA; JACOBSONI OUD; UNITED-STATES; WORKER BROOD; OXALIC-ACID; APIDAE; COLONIES AB Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) beta acids (HBA) were tested for miticidal effects on varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, a parasitic mite of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). When varroa were placed on bees that had topical applications of 1 % HBA, there was 100 % mite mortality. Bee mortality was unaffected. Cardboard strips saturated with HBA and placed in colonies resulted in mite drop that was significantly greater than in untreated hives. HBA was detected on about 60 % of the bees in colonies during the first 48 h after application. Mite drop in colonies lasted for about 7 days with the highest drop occurring in the first 2-3 days after treatment. There was a reduction in the percentages of bees with HBA and in the amounts on their bodies after 7 days. Bee and queen mortality in the colonies were not affected by HBA treatments. When cardboard strips saturated with HBA were put in packages of bees, more than 90 % of the mites were killed without an increase in bee mortality. HBA might have potential to control varroa when establishing colonies from packages or during broodless periods. C1 [DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. [Ahumada, Fabiana; Probasco, Gene; Schantz, Lloyd] BetaTec Hop Prod, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. EM Gloria.Hoffman@ARS.USDA.GOV; info@betatechopproducts.com NR 39 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 58 IS 4 BP 407 EP 421 DI 10.1007/s10493-012-9593-2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 030RN UT WOS:000310587900006 PM 22767150 ER PT J AU Kirrane, MJ de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Frake, AM Wagnitz, J Whelan, PM AF Kirrane, Maria J. de Guzman, Lilia I. Rinderer, Thomas E. Frake, Amanda M. Wagnitz, Jeremy Whelan, Padraig M. TI Age and reproductive status of adult Varroa mites affect grooming success of honey bees SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; Grooming; Hygienic behaviour; Gravid mites; Daughter mites ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; JACOBSONI OUD; WORKER BROOD; CERANA; COLONIES; BEHAVIOR; DEBRIS; APIDAE AB This study evaluated for the first time the grooming response of honey bees to Varroa mites of different ages and reproductive statuses in the laboratory. Plastic cages containing a section of dark comb and about 200 bees were inoculated with groups of four classes of mites: gravid, phoretic foundresses, phoretic daughters and a combination of gravid and phoretic foundress mites. Each cage received 20 mites belonging to one of these classes. Our results showed that, 1 day after mite inoculation, phoretic daughter mites were the most prone to grooming by honey bees with an average mite drop of 49.8 +/- 2.6 %. The lowest mite drop was recorded for bees inoculated with phoretic foundresses (30.3 +/- 3.6 %) but was comparable to bees inoculated with gravid mites (31.8 +/- 3.8 %) and the combination of gravid and phoretic foundress mites (34.2 +/- 3.2 %). No differences among mite types were detected during the second and third days of observation. Regardless of mite type, the highest mite drop was recorded on the first day (35 +/- 2.1 %) compared to the drop for any subsequent day (< 10 %). Because of the great reproductive potential of daughter mites, their inclusion in assessments of grooming behaviour may increase our insight into the importance of grooming in mite resistance. C1 [Kirrane, Maria J.; Whelan, Padraig M.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland. [Kirrane, Maria J.; Whelan, Padraig M.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci BEES, Cork, Ireland. [de Guzman, Lilia I.; Rinderer, Thomas E.; Frake, Amanda M.; Wagnitz, Jeremy] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Kirrane, MJ (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland. EM m.kirrane@umail.ucc.ie FU Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology; National University of Ireland FX We thank J. Wales, T. Stelzer, A. Prudente, M. May and G. Delatte for their technical help. Maria Kirrane was funded by the Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology and her travel to the U.S.A. was funded by a Travelling Studentship Award from the National University of Ireland. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 58 IS 4 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1007/s10493-012-9591-4 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 030RN UT WOS:000310587900007 PM 22752670 ER PT J AU Carlsen, T Aas, AB Lindner, D Vralstad, T Schumacher, T Kauserud, H AF Carlsen, Tor Aas, Anders Bjornsgaard Lindner, Daniel Vralstad, Trude Schumacher, Trond Kauserud, Havard TI Don't make a mista(g)ke: is tag switching an overlooked source of error in amplicon pyrosequencing studies? SO FUNGAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Amplicon pyrosequencing; Diversity; Fungi; High throughput sequencing; Sequencing errors ID DIVERSITY; PRIMERS; SAMPLES C1 [Carlsen, Tor; Aas, Anders Bjornsgaard; Vralstad, Trude; Schumacher, Trond; Kauserud, Havard] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, MERG, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Lindner, Daniel] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Carlsen, T (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, MERG, POB 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM tor.carlsen@bio.uio.no NR 20 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1754-5048 J9 FUNGAL ECOL JI Fungal Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 6 BP 747 EP 749 DI 10.1016/j.funeco.2012.06.003 PG 3 WC Ecology; Mycology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mycology GA 032KR UT WOS:000310717800013 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Klesius, PH Bosworth, BG Chatakondi, N AF Xu, D-H Klesius, P. H. Bosworth, B. G. Chatakondi, N. TI Susceptibility of three strains of blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes), to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE blue catfish; cohabitation; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; infection; mortality; susceptibility ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; CHANNEL CATFISH; PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; CHALLENGE MODEL; FOUQUET; HYBRIDS; INFECTION; FISH; IMMUNIZATION; CILIOPHORA AB This study compared the susceptibility of three blue catfish strains (D&B, USDA 101 and USDA 102) to the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich). In Trial I, a cohabitation study (all strains stocked communally) was conducted and fish were exposed to theronts at 0, 200, 1000, 5000 or 25 000 theronts fish-1, respectively. All fish died when exposed to theronts at 5000 or 25 000 theronts fish(-1). When exposed to 1000 theronts fish(-1), USDA 102 strain of blue catfish showed significantly lower mortality (78.5%) compared to USDA 101 and D&B strains (92.7% and 100%). In Trial II, the same three strains of blue fish were evaluated for their susceptibility to Ich with strains challenged in separate tanks by adding Ich theronts at 0, 200 and 1000 theronts fish(-1), respectively. All D&B and USDA 101 blue catfish died; however, 42.3% of USDA 102 strain survived the infection when exposed to 1000 theronts per fish. The results indicate that there are differences among strains of blue catfish for susceptibility to Ich, and these differences will be useful in the development of improved catfish germplasm for commercial aquaculture. C1 [Xu, D-H; Klesius, P. H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Bosworth, B. G.; Chatakondi, N.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dehai.xu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS no. 6420-32000-024-00D. The authors thank Debbie Boykin, USDA Agricultural Research Service and Dr John Zhang, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for their assistance on statistical analysis. We also thank Curtis Days and Jana Mladek for technical support and caring of fish. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 35 IS 12 BP 887 EP 895 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01436.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 032PN UT WOS:000310731400002 PM 22913314 ER PT J AU Hanberry, BB Palik, BJ He, HS AF Hanberry, Brice B. Palik, Brian J. He, Hong S. TI Comparison of historical and current forest surveys for detection of homogenization and mesophication of Minnesota forests SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspen; Drought; Historical ecology; General Land Office; Succession; Tamarack ID NORTH-AMERICA; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; QUERCUS-RUBRA; OAK DECLINE; NEW-ENGLAND; LAND-USE; DROUGHT; CLIMATE; MORTALITY AB Intense harvesting and slash fires during the late 1800s and early 1900s led to homogenization throughout the Great Lakes region via the conversion from tamarack, pine, and spruce forests to aspen forests, which are supported by the forest products industry. Subsequently, mesophication occurred in the eastern United States due to fire suppression, transforming oak woodlands to mixed mesophytic forests. We explored both homogenization and mesophication at a regional scale by quantifying changes in community composition and density between historical General Land Office survey points and current USDA Forest Analysis and Inventory plots for Minnesota's Laurentian Mixed and Eastern Broadleaf Forest provinces. We used the Morisita plotless density estimator and applied corrections for surveyor bias to estimate density for historical forests and we used known densities of FIA plots to predict current densities with random forests, an ensemble regression tree method, and terrain and soil predictor variables. Of the 43 ecological units used in the analysis, only one current community was similar to its historical counterpart. Within the Laurentian Mixed Forest province, forest density of primarily mature aspen stands is reduced slightly today compared to the tamarack-dominated forests of the past. Conversely, in the Eastern Broadleaf Forest province, forest densities have increased compared to historical pine and oak woodlands, due to increases of densely growing, fire-sensitive species. Ordinations of functional traits and structure showed substantial changes between current and historical communities as well as reduced differentiation among current communities compared to their historical counterparts. Homogenization in the Laurentian Mixed Forest is occurring by transition from early-successional to late-successional species, with associated changes in forest ecosystems, and homogenization and mesophication in the Eastern Broadleaf Forest are occurring by transition from disturbance-stabilized genera of open forest ecosystems to non-disturbance-dependent genera of dense forests. Despite different starting points of historical forest ecosystems in the Laurentian Mixed Forest and Eastern Broadleaf Forest, we found homogenization and mesophication to be interrelated in the convergence of composition and densities along a common trajectory to dense forests composed of late-successional species in Minnesota. C1 [Hanberry, Brice B.; He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Hanberry, BB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hanberryb@missouri.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 FU National Fire Plan, USDA Forest Service FX We thank anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. We received funding from the National Fire Plan, USDA Forest Service. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1495 EP 1512 DI 10.1007/s10980-012-9805-5 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 030RH UT WOS:000310587300009 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Chu, CG Xu, SS Faris, JD AF Friesen, Timothy L. Chu, Chenggen Xu, Steven S. Faris, Justin D. TI SnTox5-Snn5: a novel Stagonospora nodorum effector-wheat gene interaction and its relationship with the SnToxA-Tsn1 and SnTox3-Snn3-B1 interactions SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; TAN SPOT; TRIGGERED SUSCEPTIBILITY; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; PTR TOXA; DISEASE; PATHOSYSTEM; SENSITIVITY; BLOTCH; SYSTEM AB The Stagonospora nodorumwheat interaction involves multiple pathogen-produced necrotrophic effectors that interact directly or indirectly with specific host gene products to induce the disease Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB). Here, we used a tetraploid wheat mapping population to identify and characterize a sixth effectorhost gene interaction in the wheatS.?nodorum system. Initial characterization of the effector SnTox5 indicated that it is a proteinaceous necrotrophic effector that induces necrosis on host lines harbouring the Snn5 sensitivity gene, which was mapped to the long arm of wheat chromosome 4B. On the basis of ultrafiltration, SnTox5 is probably in the size range 1030?kDa. Analysis of SNB development in the mapping population indicated that the SnTox5Snn5 interaction explains 37%63% of the variation, demonstrating that this interaction plays a significant role in disease development. When the SnTox5Snn5 and SnToxATsn1 interactions occurred together, the level of SNB was increased significantly. Similar to several other interactions in this system, the SnTox5Snn5 interaction is light dependent, suggesting that multiple interactions may exploit the same pathways to cause disease. C1 [Friesen, Timothy L.; Xu, Steven S.; Faris, Justin D.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Friesen, Timothy L.; Chu, Chenggen] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (USDA-NIFA AFRI) [2009-04265]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System (USDA-ARS CRIS) [5442-22000-043-09G] FX We thank Danielle Holmes for technical support and Drs Zengcui Zhang and Lynn Dahleen for critical review of the manuscript. This work was funded by the US Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (USDA-NIFA AFRI) Microbial Biology Program-Competitive grant #2009-04265 and USDA-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System (USDA-ARS CRIS) #5442-22000-043-09G. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1101 EP 1109 DI 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00819.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 025EF UT WOS:000310167600011 PM 22830423 ER PT J AU Naumann, TA Price, NPJ AF Naumann, Todd A. Price, Neil P. J. TI Truncation of class IV chitinases from Arabidopsis by secreted fungal proteases SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; PLANT CHITINASES; MAIZE SEED; PROTEIN; SIMILARITIES; EXPRESSION; GENE; MUTANT AB Plant class IV chitinases have a small amino-terminal chitin-binding domain and a larger chitinase domain, and are involved in plant defence against fungal infection. Our previous work on the chitinases ChitA and ChitB from the model monocotyledon Zea mays showed that the chitin-binding domain is removed by secreted fungal proteases called fungalysins. In this article, we extend this work to dicotyledons. The effects of fungalysin-like proteases on four class IV chitinases from the model dicotyledon Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed. Four Arabidopsis chitinases were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris, purified and shown to have chitinase activity against a chitohexaose (dp6) substrate. The incubation of these four chitinases with Fv-cmp, a fungalysin protease secreted by Fusarium verticillioides, resulted in the truncation of AtchitIV3 and AtchitIV5. Moreover, incubation with secreted proteins from Alternaria brassicae, a pathogen of A. thaliana and brassica crops, also led to a similar truncation of AtchitIV3 and AtchitIV4. Our finding that class IV chitinases from both dicotyledons (A. thaliana) and monocotyledons (Z. mays) are truncated by proteases secreted by specialized pathogens of each plant suggests that this may be a general mechanism of plantfungal pathogenicity. C1 [Naumann, Todd A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Price, Neil P. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Naumann, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM todd.naumann@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1135 EP 1139 DI 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00805.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 025EF UT WOS:000310167600014 PM 22512872 ER PT J AU Guo, WX Maas, SJ Bronson, KF AF Guo, Wenxuan Maas, Stephan J. Bronson, Kevin F. TI Relationship between cotton yield and soil electrical conductivity, topography, and Landsat imagery SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Apparent electrical conductivity; Remote sensing; Bare soil brightness; Topography; Yield monitor ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; LANDSCAPE POSITION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; LINT YIELD; GRAIN-YIELD; MANAGEMENT; CLASSIFICATION; PRODUCTIVITY; AGRICULTURE; EROSION AB Understanding spatial and temporal variability in crop yield is a prerequisite to implementing site-specific management of crop inputs. Apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), soil brightness, and topography are easily obtained data that can explain yield variability. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and determine the relationship between yield and soil ECa, topography, and bare soil brightness at a field level in multiple growing seasons. A 50-ha field grown with cotton from 2000 to 2003 and 2005 on the Southern High Plains of Texas was selected for this study. Yield was negatively correlated with bare soil brightness (-0.47 < r < -0.33 for red band) and positively correlated with ECa (0.08 < r < 0.29 for 30-cm ECa and 0.28 < r < 0.44 for 90-cm ECa). Yield had stronger correlation with relative elevation and slope than with profile curvature and planar curvature. Combined, ECa, topographic attributes, and bare soil brightness explained up to 70.1 % of cotton yield variability. Bare soil brightness and ECa were strongly related to soil texture. Brighter soils with low ECa values had lower clay content. Yield and soil properties had stronger correlation in dry growing seasons than in wet growing seasons. Cotton yield variability pattern was relatively stable across different growing seasons. Soil texture was one of the greatest factors influencing cotton yield variability. Results of this study provide a basis for site-specific management of yield goals and variable rate application of water, fertilizers, seeds, and other inputs. C1 [Guo, Wenxuan] S Plains Precis Ag, Plainview, TX 79072 USA. [Maas, Stephan J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Bronson, Kevin F.] ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Guo, WX (reprint author), S Plains Precis Ag, 2810 N Quincy, Plainview, TX 79072 USA. EM wenxuang@gmail.com NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 13 IS 6 BP 678 EP 692 DI 10.1007/s11119-012-9277-2 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 032VA UT WOS:000310746000005 ER PT J AU Booth, SL Centi, AJ Gundberg, C AF Booth, Sarah L. Centi, Amanda J. Gundberg, Caren TI Bone as an Endocrine Organ Relevant to Diabetes SO CURRENT DIABETES REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Bone; Diabetes; Osteocalcin; Insulin resistance ID POSTMENOPAUSAL HORMONE-THERAPY; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; AGED MALE-SUBJECTS; SERUM OSTEOCALCIN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; VITAMIN-K; UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE AB There are well-established associations between diabetes and fracture risk and yet the mechanism underlying these associations are controversial. Guided by a series of mouse studies, a specific form of the bone protein, osteocalcin, was proposed to be the mechanistic link between these two chronic diseases. Translation to humans initially appeared elusive in part because serum concentrations of osteocalcin are a biomarker of bone turnover and not necessarily specific to the biology of this protein. The suitability of the mouse model for the study of osteocalcin as a therapeutic target also appears ambiguous. With greater discrimination of the different forms of osteocalcin present in circulation and inclusion of multiple measures of bone turnover, evidence currently does not support osteocalcin as a protein critical to the diabetes and fracture association in humans. C1 [Booth, Sarah L.; Centi, Amanda J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Gundberg, Caren] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu FU USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This study was supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CURRENT MEDICINE GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 400 MARKET STREET, STE 700, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1534-4827 EI 1539-0829 J9 CURR DIABETES REP JI Curr. Diabetes Rep. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 14 IS 12 BP 556 EP U44 DI 10.1007/s11892-014-0556-3 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AS9IK UT WOS:000344556300005 PM 25344791 ER PT J AU Redmond, MD Forcella, F Barger, NN AF Redmond, Miranda D. Forcella, Frank Barger, Nichole N. TI Declines in pinyon pine cone production associated with regional warming SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE climate change; mast seeding; Pinus edulis; pinyon-juniper woodlands; regeneration; reproduction ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREE MORTALITY-RATES; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; TEMPERATE FOREST; DIE-OFF; MAST; VARIABILITY AB Global climate change is expected to produce large shifts in vegetation distribution and has already increased tree mortality, altering forest structure. However, long-term shifts will be partly dependent on the ability of species to reproduce under a novel climate. Few studies have examined the impact of climate change on the reproductive output of long-lived 'masting' species, or species characterized by episodic reproductive events. Here, we show that seed cone production among pinyon pine (Pinus edulis), a masting species, declined by 40% from the 1974 decade (1969-1978) to the 2008 decade (2003-2012) in revisited stands throughout New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma. Seed cone production was highly correlated with late summer temperatures at the time of cone initiation. Further, declines in seed cone production were greatest among populations that experienced the greatest increases in growing season temperatures, which were the populations located at the cooler, upper elevations. As growing season temperatures are predicted to increase across this region over the next century, these findings suggest seed cone production may be an increasingly important bottleneck for future pinyon pine regeneration, especially in areas with greater increases in temperature. Declines in seed cone production may not only affect pinyon pine population dynamics but also the various wildlife species that rely on pinyon pine seeds. Because pinyon pine has similar reproductive strategies as other semi-arid pine species, increasing temperature may negatively influence reproductive output of other conifers. Further investigation into the full geographic and taxonomic extent of these seed declines is warranted. C1 [Redmond, Miranda D.; Barger, Nichole N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Forcella, Frank] ARS, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Redmond, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mirandaredmond@gmail.com FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE 1144083] FX We would like to acknowledge D. Redmond for lodging and field assistance and both private and federal landowners for access to sites. An additional thanks to A.M. Faist, T.J. Zelikova, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. M.D. Redmond was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE 1144083. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 45 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 12 AR UNSP 120 DI 10.1890/ES12-00306.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IW UT WOS:000327304400009 ER PT J AU Jurjevic, Z Peterson, SW Stea, G Solfrizzo, M Varga, J Hubka, V Perrone, G AF Jurjevic, Zeljko Peterson, Stephen W. Stea, Gaetano Solfrizzo, Michele Varga, Janos Hubka, Vit Perrone, Giancarlo TI Two novel species of Aspergillus section Nigri from indoor air SO IMA FUNGUS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus; Aspergillus floridensis; Aspergillus trinidadensis; Aspergillus uvarum; Aspergillus violaceofuscus; black aspergilli; environment; phylogeny; ochratoxin A AB Aspergillus floridensis and A. trinidadensis spp. nov. are described as novel uniseriate species of Aspergillus section Nigri isolated from air samples. To describe the species we used phenotypes from 7-d Czapek yeast extract agar culture (CYA), creatine agar culture (CREA) and malt extract agar culture (MEA), with support by molecular analysis of the beta-tubulin, calmodulin, RNA polymerase II (RPB2), and translation elongation factor-alpha (TEF) gene amplified and sequenced from 56 air isolates and one isolate from almonds belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri. Aspergillus floridensis is closely related to A. aculeatus, and A. trinidadensis is closely related to A. aculeatinus. Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus (syn. A. fijiensis) and A. uvarum are reported for the first time from the USA and from the indoor air environment. The newly described species do not produce ochratoxin A. C1 [Jurjevic, Zeljko] EMSL Analyt Inc, 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 USA. [Peterson, Stephen W.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Stea, Gaetano; Solfrizzo, Michele; Perrone, Giancarlo] CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Varga, Janos] Univ Szeged, Fac Sci & Informat, Dept Microbiol, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary. [Hubka, Vit] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Prague 12801 2, Czech Republic. RP Jurjevic, Z (reprint author), EMSL Analyt Inc, 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 USA. EM zjurjevic@emsl.com OI Hubka, Vit/0000-0003-4583-6496 FU OTKA [K 84077] FX We thank Filomena Epifani (ISPA-CNR) for his valuable technical help in growing, DNA extraction, and sequencing of the fungal strains. Frank Robinson (Paul VI High School, Haddonfield, NJ) kindly advised us on Latin usage. J. Varga was partly supported by OTKA grant no. K 84077. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the United States Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA C/O J TAYLOR, DEPT PLANT & MICROBIAL BIOLOGY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 2210-6340 EI 2210-6359 J9 IMA FUNGUS JI IMA Fungus PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.02.08 PG 15 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA V46UB UT WOS:000209908000020 PM 23355969 ER PT J AU Caporale, V Giovannini, A Zepeda, C AF Caporale, V. Giovannini, A. Zepeda, C. TI Surveillance strategies for foot and mouth disease to prove absence of disease and absence of viral circulation SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Documentation; Early detection systems; Foot and mouth disease; Free country; Free zone; OIE; Random survey; Risk-based surveillance; Surveillance; Targeted surveillance; World Organisation for Animal Health AB Free trade of animals and their products is based on the international or bilateral recognition of the health status of the animal populations being traded. This recognition is based on documentation of their health status by the exporting country, based on the results of continuing surveillance. According to the Terrestrial Animal Health Code of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), this may be based on various methods of surveillance, such as: documenting non-specific surveillance (clinical surveillance, passive notification of suspect cases, etc.); documenting activities that increase the sensitivity of non-specific surveillance (training activities, rewards/sanctions for notification/failure to notify, etc.); documenting all specific surveillance and its results (random surveys, targeted and risk-based surveillance, convenience-testing activities, etc.). Usually, the infection is the subject of the declaration of freedom. While clinical and passive surveillance can provide a high level of confidence that foot and mouth disease (FMD) infection is absent, this is not the case in vaccinated populations. In these populations, specific surveillance becomes much more important than non-specific clinical surveillance. Specific surveillance is severely restricted by the performance of the test(s) employed. The imperfect specificity of any serological test is further complicated when techniques to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) are used, because imperfect purification of the antigen used for vaccination may foster the production of undesired antibodies in the vaccinated animals. The authors discuss various approaches to overcome this problem; their merits and flaws in documenting the absence of infection or virus circulation for animal diseases in general, and for FMD in particular. Particular attention is paid to finding methods that can be applied in a variety of epidemiological conditions and organisational structures, since these vary greatly among OIE Members. C1 [Caporale, V.; Giovannini, A.] Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Abruzzo & Molise G, I-64100 Teramo, Italy. [Zepeda, C.] USDA APHIS VS CEAH, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Zepeda, C.] USDA APHIS VS CEAH, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Caporale, V (reprint author), Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Abruzzo & Molise G, Via Campo Boario, I-64100 Teramo, Italy. RI Giovannini, Armando/B-9828-2013 OI Giovannini, Armando/0000-0001-5006-5564 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 747 EP 759 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA V32MS UT WOS:000208955900002 PM 23520730 ER PT J AU Asseged, B Tameru, B Nganwa, D Fite, B Habtemariam, T AF Asseged, B. Tameru, B. Nganwa, D. Fite, B. Habtemariam, T. TI A quantitative assessment of the risk of introducing foot and mouth disease virus into the United States via cloned bovine embryos SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Cloning; Critical pathway analysis; Foot and mouth disease; Monte Carlo simulation; Quantitative risk assessment; United States AB The trade of livestock or their products between nations requires information on the risk of introducing infectious agents such as foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). Although transmission pathways for FMDV vary, a recent concern in the United States (USA) is that it might enter via cloned embryos. A quantitative risk assessment model was developed to determine the scenarios (with mathematical probabilities) that could lead to the introduction and maintenance of FMDV via the importation of cloned bovine embryos. Using @RISK software with Monte Carlo simulation involving 50,000 iterations, the probability of introducing FMDV via cloned embryos was estimated to be 3.1 x 10(-7). Given the current cloning protocol, and assuming the annual importation of 250 to 1,700 (mean = 520) cloned embryos, the expected number of infected embryos ranges from 1.1 x 10(-7) to 4.4 x 10(-3) (mean = 1.6 x 10(-4)) per year. Critical pathway analysis showed that the risk of FMDV entering the USA by this route is extremely low. C1 [Asseged, B.; Tameru, B.; Nganwa, D.; Habtemariam, T.] Tuskegee Univ, Coll Vet Med Nursing & Allied Hlth, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Fite, B.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Asseged, B (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Coll Vet Med Nursing & Allied Hlth, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM abogale@mytu.tuskegee.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service FX This study was supported by funds provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service through a cooperative agreement to Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 761 EP 775 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA V32MS UT WOS:000208955900003 PM 23520731 ER PT J AU Long, DB Campbell, TA AF Long, David B. Campbell, Tyler A. TI Box Traps for Feral Swine Capture: A Comparison of Gate Styles in Texas SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE box traps; control; damage; feral swine; rooter gate; side-swing gate; Sus scrofa AB Many different types of traps have been developed to increase feral swine (Sus scrofa) capture efficiency. Though not previously compared, gate styles may influence capture success. Our objectives were to report feral swine capture data from 31 trapping campaigns conducted in 17 counties from 2005 to 2011 in Texas, USA, compare capture rates by demographic category between side-swing and rooter gates, and evaluate influences of moisture, using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), on juvenile capture rates. We trapped feral swine during all months of the year. Our trap configurations were identical with the exception of gate style. Traps had either side-swing or rooter gates. We captured 1,310 feral swine during 2,424 trap-nights. We found no differences in capture rates between gate styles for adults, adult males, or adult females. However, we found juvenile capture rates and total capture rates to differ between gate styles. Box traps with rooter gates captured more juveniles, resulting in more total captures than in box traps with side-swing gates. Partitioned rooter gates are constructed to allow for continual entry after the gate has been tripped; whereas with single-panel side-swine gates, continual entry may be more challenging for juvenile animals that lack the size and strength to push through the spring tension. Rooter gates should be considered over side-swing gates in management programs aimed at overall damage reduction. However, in management or research programs that seek to capture adult feral swine, side-swing gates may be more appropriate because fewer non-target juvenile feral swine are captured. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Long, David B.; Campbell, Tyler A.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Long, DB (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Florida Field Stn, 2820 East Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center FX The study was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center. We thank the landowners and managers that granted property access. We thank the many technicians, volunteers, and graduate students who provided assistance with trapping and data recording. Logistical support was provided by the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute at Texas A&M University-Kingsville and Texas Wildlife Services. The USDA does not endorse products mentioned in this study. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 741 EP 746 DI 10.1002/wsb.221 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38HA UT WOS:000209333300015 ER PT J AU Bentler, KT Gossett, DN Root, JJ AF Bentler, Kevin T. Gossett, Daniel N. Root, J. Jeffrey TI A Novel Isoflurane Anesthesia Induction System for Raccoons SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE anesthesia; chamber; cone; gas; immobilization; induction; inhalation; isoflurane; mesopredator; raccoon AB We developed a novel small-volume (24-L) conical-shaped isoflurane anesthesia induction chamber for use in a den chamber and tested it along with 3 conventional stand-alone induction chambers (2 clear acrylic plastic chambers and a cylindrical-shaped chamber) to determine utility for daily short-duration manipulations of captive raccoons (Procyon lotor). Although the conventional chambers were valuable, the majority of inductions were performed using the cone chamber in a pen setting. With the novel device, we were able to minimize the need for pre-anesthetic handling of animals and eliminate the need for injectable anesthesia agents. As a result, side effects normally associated with injectable agents were avoided. Mean anesthesia induction time using the cone chamber was 3.4 min (SD = 0.90). When used as designed, conventional chambers worked well, with induction times ranging from 2.7 min to 5.4 min. Because the stand-alone chambers were not reliant upon den chambers for use, they may provide greater utility for field work. The conical-shaped induction chamber, however, provides an option for safe short-duration anesthetization of captive raccoons and could perhaps be used with other species and in other research settings. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Bentler, Kevin T.; Gossett, Daniel N.; Root, J. Jeffrey] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Bentler, KT (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kevin.t.bentler@aphis.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 807 EP 812 DI 10.1002/wsb.193 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38HA UT WOS:000209333300023 ER PT J AU Lavelle, MJ Hygnstrom, SE Hildreth, AM Campbell, TA Long, DB Hewitt, DG Beringer, J VerCauteren, KC AF Lavelle, Michael J. Hygnstrom, Scott E. Hildreth, Aaron M. Campbell, Tyler A. Long, David B. Hewitt, David G. Beringer, Jeff VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Utility of Improvised Video-Camera Collars for Collecting Contact Data From White-Tailed Deer: Possibilities in Disease Transmission Studies SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE behavior; camera; disease transmission; observation; Odocoileus virginianus; Texas; video; white-tailed deer AB Rapidly evolving electronic technology enables wildlife researchers to collect previously unobtainable data. To explore possibilities of using deer-borne cameras (DBCs) to collect behavioral data from an animal's point of view, we constructed DBCs and deployed them on 26 adult male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) within a closed population (405-ha fenced area) in southern Texas just prior to the breeding season during autumn 2010. Our DBCs consisted of global positioning system collars with attached motion-activated trail cameras. We obtained 21,474 video clips from 17 functional DBCs over a period of 14 days. Individual-based data are invaluable in disease and population modeling; therefore, we confirmed the identify of 37 individual deer in field of view of DBCs based on ear tags, collar numbers, and antler characteristics (e.g., point counts, relative mass, tine length). Additionally, we recorded 85 contacts, including 36 with identifiable deer, involving breeding (n = 1), sparring (n = 63), grooming (n = 5), and muzzle contact (n = 16). Our results demonstrate the value of using DBCs to record direct contacts and associated behaviors and even to enable estimation of contact rates, thus improving the understanding of the potential for transmission of disease pathogens. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Lavelle, Michael J.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Hygnstrom, Scott E.; Hildreth, Aaron M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.; Long, David B.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Hewitt, David G.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Beringer, Jeff] Missouri Dept Conservat, Conservat Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Lavelle, MJ (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA-APHIS-WS-NWRC FX We thank G. Schuster, L. Soliz, C. Ellis, R. Pleszewski, C. Anderson, C. Minor, T. Ruby, J. Rhyan, M. McCollum, P. Nol, G. Clements, and USDA-APHIS-Veterinary Services for assisting with various aspects and responsibilities of the study. We also thank L. Hansen, R. Moll, J. Millspaugh, J. Sartwell, and R. Woeck for preparatory work leading up to this larger scale evaluation of DBCs on deer. We thank the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute at Texas A&M University-Kingsville and USDA-APHIS-WS-Texas for logistic support. We are grateful to the USDA-APHIS-WS-NWRC for financial support. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA nor does omission imply criticism. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available equipment and to provide specific information. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 828 EP 834 DI 10.1002/wsb.216 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38HA UT WOS:000209333300026 ER PT J AU Pen-Mouratov, S Ginzburg, O Whitford, WG Steinberger, Y AF Pen-Mouratov, Stanislav Ginzburg, Orit Whitford, Walter G. Steinberger, Yosef TI Forest Fire Modifies Soil Free-Living Nematode Communities in the Biriya Woodland of Northern Israel SO ZOOLOGICAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Bacteria-feeding nematodes; Diversity; Fungivores; Omnivore-predators; Plant-parasitic nematodes AB We hypothesized that differential tree damage caused by fire in a Mediterranean conifer forest would reduce soil free-living nematode abundances and species diversity and affect the nematode community's trophic structure. Nematode communities were examined in soil samples collected from 4 subsites according to damage caused by the fire: all trees completely burned; burned trees with some live canopy foliage; burned trees removed by salvage logging, and a patch of unburned forest. Abundances of 2 bacterium-feeding nematode genera (Cephalobus spp. and Acrobeloides spp.) were higher in burned forest soils than in unburned forest soils. Other species of bacteria-feeding nematodes were less abundant in burned forest soils than in unburned forest soils. There was no effect of fire on the abundances of fungus-feeding nematodes. Eight of 13 species of omnivore-predator nematode genera were more abundant in unburned forest soils than in burned forest soils. Only 2 omnivore-predators with very low abundances were found in soils of the burned forest but were absent from unburned forest soils. Fire resulted in a lower trophic diversity, lower generic diversity, and lower generic richness in burned forest soils than in unburned forest soils. The fungivore-bacterivore ratio was similar in burned and unburned areas. Maturity indices were lower in burned than in unburned forest soils. The reported increased abundance of bacterium-feeding nematodes 6 wk after the fire remained consistent in burned forest soils 2 yr post-burn in this study. Other short-term changes in nematode communities did not persist in this study during the 2nd year post-burn. C1 [Pen-Mouratov, Stanislav; Ginzburg, Orit; Steinberger, Yosef] Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Whitford, Walter G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Steinberger, Y (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM yosef.steinberger@biu.ac.il NR 50 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1021-5506 EI 1810-522X J9 ZOOL STUD JI Zool. Stud. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1018 EP 1026 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V31AC UT WOS:000208855500012 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Morante, JJ Gomez-Santos, C Margareto, J Formiguera, X Martinez, CM Gonzalez, R Martinez-Augustin, O Madrid, JA Ordovas, JM Garaulet, M AF Jose Hernandez-Morante, Juan Gomez-Santos, Cecilia Margareto, Javier Formiguera, Xavier Manuel Martinez, Carlos Gonzalez, Raquel Martinez-Augustin, Olga Antonio Madrid, Juan Maria Ordovas, Jose Garaulet, Marta TI Influence of menopause on adipose tissue clock gene genotype and its relationship with metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese women SO AGE LA English DT Article DE Clock genes; Microarrays; Menopause; Visceral adipose tissue; Subcutaneous adipose tissue; Metabolic syndrome ID PERIPHERAL CIRCADIAN CLOCKS; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; EXPRESSION; DISEASE AB Menopausal women exhibit a loss of circadian coordination, a process that runs parallel with a redistribution of adipose tissue. However, the specific genetic mechanisms underlying these alterations have not been studied. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the development of menopause induces an alteration of the genes that control biological rhythms in human subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue, and whether changes in clock gene expression are involved in the increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is frequently associated with menopause. To this end, VAT and SAT biopsies were taken in pre- (n = 7) and postmenopausal (n = 7) women at similar hours in the morning. RNA was extracted, and a microarray analysis was made. Data were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis were also performed. When clock gene expression was compared between both groups of women, data in SAT showed that expression of the core clock gene period3 was significantly higher in postmenopausal women, while casein kinase-1 delta, E1A-binding protein and cAMP-responsive element were preferentially expressed in the premenopausal group. In VAT, period2 (PER2) and v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene expressions were significantly higher in the postmenopausal group. Western blot analysis indicated that PER2 and PER3 protein expression was also increased in postmenopausal women. In addition, several genes, including PER2, were differentially expressed depending on whether or not the patient met the MetS criteria. We conclude that menopause transition induces several changes in the genotype of the adipose tissue chronobiological machinery related to an increased risk of developing MetS. C1 [Garaulet, Marta] Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Fac Biol, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. [Jose Hernandez-Morante, Juan] Catholic Univ Murcia, Fac Nursing Studies, Murcia, Spain. [Margareto, Javier] LEIA Fdn Biomol Technol, Vitoria, Spain. [Formiguera, Xavier] Univ Hosp Germans Trias & Pujol, Morbid Obes Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Manuel Martinez, Carlos] Univ Hosp Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia, CIBERehd Dept Surg, Murcia, Spain. [Maria Ordovas, Jose] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Maria Ordovas, Jose] CNIC, Madrid, Spain. [Maria Ordovas, Jose] IMDEA Alimentac, Madrid, Spain. [Gonzalez, Raquel] Univ Granada, CIBERehd Dept Pharmacol, Granada, Spain. [Martinez-Augustin, Olga] Univ Granada, CIBERehd Dept Biochem & Mol Biol 2, Granada, Spain. RP Garaulet, M (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Fac Biol, Campus Espinardo S-N, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. EM garaulet@um.es RI MARTINEZ CACERES, CARLOS MANUEL/E-4986-2016; Martinez Augustin, Olga/K-6720-2014; OI MARTINEZ CACERES, CARLOS MANUEL/0000-0003-3307-1326; Martinez Augustin, Olga/0000-0001-8291-3468; Hernandez Morante, Juan Jose/0000-0001-9255-4630 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD DEC PY 2012 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1369 EP 1380 DI 10.1007/s11357-011-9309-2 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 029ZC UT WOS:000310536200005 PM 21898035 ER PT J AU Taylor-Edwards, CC Burrin, DG Kristensen, NB Holst, JJ McLeod, KR Harmon, DL AF Taylor-Edwards, C. C. Burrin, D. G. Kristensen, N. B. Holst, J. J. McLeod, K. R. Harmon, D. L. TI Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) increases net amino acid utilization by the portal-drained viscera of ruminating calves SO ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE blood flow; glucose; amino acid; flux; ruminant ID INTESTINAL BLOOD-FLOW; FED NEONATAL PIGLETS; METABOLISM; GROWTH; GLUTAMINE; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; LIVER; GUT; ABSORPTION AB Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) increases small intestinal mass and blood flow in ruminant calves, but its impact on nutrient metabolism across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver is unknown. Eight Holstein calves with catheters in the carotid artery, mesenteric vein, portal vein and hepatic vein were paired by age and randomly assigned to control (0.5% bovine serum albumin in saline; n = 4) or GLP-2 (100 mu g/kg BW per day bovine GLP-2 in bovine serum albumin; n = 4). Treatments were administered subcutaneously every 12 h for 10 days. Blood flow was measured on days 0 and 10 and included 3 periods: baseline (saline infusion), treatment (infusion of bovine serum albumin or 3.76 mu g/kg BW per h GLP-2) and recovery (saline infusion). Arterial concentrations and net PDV, hepatic and total splanchnic fluxes of glucose, lactate, glutamate, glutamine, beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea-N were measured on days 0 and 10. Arterial concentrations and net fluxes of all amino acids and glucose metabolism using continuous intravenous infusion of [U-13-C]glucose were measured on day 10 only. A 1-h infusion of GLP-2 increased blood flow in the portal and hepatic veins when administered to calves not previously exposed to exogenous GLP-2, but after a 10-day administration of GLP-2 the blood flow response to the 1-h GLP-2 infusion was substantially attenuated. The 1-h GLP-2 infusion also did not appreciably alter nutrient fluxes on either day 0 or 10. In contrast, long-term GLP-2 administration reduced arterial concentrations and net PDV flux of many essential and non-essential amino acids. Despite the significant alterations in amino acid metabolism, glucose irreversible loss and utilization by PDV and non-PDV tissues were not affected by GLP-2. Fluxes of amino acids across the PDV were generally reduced by GLP-2, potentially by increased small intestinal epithelial growth and thus energy and amino acid requirements of this tissue. Increased PDV extraction of glutamine and alterations in PDV metabolism of arginine, ornithine and citrulline support the concept that GLP-2 influences intestine-specific amino acid metabolism. Alterations in amino acid metabolism but unchanged glucose metabolism suggests that the growth effects induced by GLP-2 in ruminants increase reliance on amino acids preferentially over glucose. Thus, GLP-2 increases PDV utilization of amino acids, but not glucose, C1 [Taylor-Edwards, C. C.; McLeod, K. R.; Harmon, D. L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Burrin, D. G.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kristensen, N. B.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Anim Hlth & Biosci, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. [Holst, J. J.] Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Dept Biomed Sci, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Taylor-Edwards, CC (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. EM dharmon@uky.edu OI Kristensen, Niels Bastian/0000-0003-0214-2929; Holst, Jens Juul/0000-0001-6853-3805 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-001]; USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Children's Hospital; Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (NIH Grant) [P30 DK-56338] FX The authors express gratitude to Julie Cannon, Melissa Hudson, Samer El-Kadi, Alma True, Jimmy Klotz, Anne Koontz and Anne Ballou for assistance with sample collection, to Xioayan Chang and Leiwei Cui for assistance with immunohistochemistry and morphology measurements, and to Winston Lin for plasma analysis assistance. Support for this research was provided by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and is Publication No. 11-07-061. This work was supported in part by federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement Number 58-6250-6-001 between USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital and by Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (NIH Grant P30 DK-56338). This manuscript was written by C. C. Taylor-Edwards in her private capacity. No official support or endorsement by the FDA is intended or should be inferred. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1751-7311 J9 ANIMAL JI Animal PD DEC PY 2012 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1985 EP 1997 DI 10.1017/S175173111200095X PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 026WS UT WOS:000310314400011 PM 23031436 ER PT J AU Hales, KE Parker, DB Cole, NA AF Hales, Kristin E. Parker, David B. Cole, N. Andy TI Potential odorous volatile organic compound emissions from feces and urine from cattle fed corn-based diets with wet distillers grains and solubles SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Odor; Cattle; Manure; Volatile organic compound; Air quality ID SWINE ODOR; OLFACTOMETRY; ORIGIN; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS; EFFLUENT; FEEDLOTS; MANURE; BAGS AB Odor and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are a concern at animal feeding operations (AFOS). The issue has become more prevalent as human residences move into areas once occupied only by agriculture. Odors near AFOs are generally caused by odorous VOCs emitted from manure, the mixture of feces and urine. Wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) are a by-product of the ethanol industry, and WDGS have become a staple in many beef cattle finishing diets. The objective of this research was to determine specific VOC emissions from frozen feces and urine of cattle fed steam-flaked corn (SFC)-based diets containing 0, 15, 30, or 45% WDGS. No differences in flux were detected across dietary treatments for phenol, indole, skatole, or 4-methylphenol (P > 0.23). Dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide flux in feces were not different across treatments (P > 0.35) and the flux of volatile fatty acids (VFA) such as acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric were not different across treatments (P > 0.25). There was a tendency for dimethyl disulfide flux from urine to be greater for cattle consuming an SFC-based diet with 15% WDGS than the other diets (P = 0.10). Furthermore, flux of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, and isovaleric acid from the urine were not different (P > 0.61) across dietary treatment. There were no significant differences in odor activity value (OAV) across treatments for feces, and only a tendency for dimethyl disulfide in the feces (P = 0.09). Thus, there was no obvious indication that feeding WDGS in conjunction with SFC affects flux of odor or odorous VOC from beef manure. The summed OAV was three times higher in the urine than feces, and a single odorous compound (4-methylphenol) accounted for 97.6%and 67.3% of the OAV in urine and feces, respectively. Therefore, engineering or dietary strategies to reduce odor from beef cattle manure should focus on controlling or reducing 4-methylphenol concentrations in the urine and feces. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hales, Kristin E.; Parker, David B.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Cole, N. Andy] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Hales, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM kristin.hales@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 60 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.080 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 020DU UT WOS:000309789800034 ER PT J AU Sattler, SE Palmer, NA Saballos, A Greene, AM Xin, ZG Sarath, G Vermerris, W Pedersen, JF AF Sattler, Scott E. Palmer, Nathan A. Saballos, Ana Greene, Ann M. Xin, Zhanguo Sarath, Gautam Vermerris, Wilfred Pedersen, Jeffrey F. TI Identification and Characterization of Four Missense Mutations in Brown midrib 12 (Bmr12), the Caffeic O-Methyltranferase (COMT) of Sorghum SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Brown midrib; bmr12; Caffeic O-methyltransferase (COMT); Lignin; Sorghum ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; BROWN-MIDRIB MUTANTS; BICOLOR L. MOENCH; GRAIN-SORGHUM; BMR-12 GENES; LIGNIN; METHYLTRANSFERASE; ARABIDOPSIS; IMPACT; MAIZE AB Modifying lignin content and composition are targets to improve bioenergy crops for cellulosic conversion to biofuels. In sorghum and other C4 grasses, the brown midrib mutants have been shown to reduce lignin content and alter its composition. Bmr12 encodes the sorghum caffeic O-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the penultimate step in monolignol biosynthesis. From an EMS-mutagenized TILLING population, four bmr12 mutants were isolated. DNA sequencing identified the four missense mutations in the Bmr12 coding region, which changed evolutionarily conserved amino acids Ala71Val, Pro150Leu, Gly225Asp, and Gly325Ser. The previously characterized bmr12 mutants all contain premature stop codons. These newly identified mutants, along with the previously characterized bmr12-ref, represent the first allelic series of bmr12 mutants available in the same genetic background. The impacts of these newly identified mutations on protein accumulation, enzyme activity, Klason lignin content, lignin subunit composition, and saccharification yield were determined. Gly225Asp mutant greatly reduced protein accumulation, and Pro150Leu and Gly325Ser greatly impaired enzyme activity compared to wild type (WT). All four mutants significantly reduced Klason lignin content and altered lignin composition resulting in a significantly reduced S/G ratio relative to WT, but the overall impact of these mutations was less severe than bmr12-ref. Except for Gly325Ser, which is a hypomorphic mutant, all mutants increased the saccharification yield relative to WT. These mutants represent new tools to decrease lignin content and S/G ratio, possibly leading toward the ability to tailor lignin content and composition in the bioenergy grass sorghum. C1 [Sattler, Scott E.; Palmer, Nathan A.; Sarath, Gautam; Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sattler, Scott E.; Palmer, Nathan A.; Sarath, Gautam; Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Saballos, Ana; Greene, Ann M.; Vermerris, Wilfred] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Saballos, Ana; Greene, Ann M.; Vermerris, Wilfred] Univ Florida, Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Xin, Zhanguo] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Sattler, SE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Scott.Sattler@ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 FU National Institute of Food Agriculture [2011-67009-30026]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64458]; USDA-ARS, CRIS [5440-21220-024-00D] FX We thank Tammy Gries, Nathan Peroutka-Bigus and John Toy for their technical assistance with experimental data presented in this manuscript, Dr. Lisa Durso for the use of her real-time PCR instrument, and Dr. Heather Van Buskirk for critically reviewing the manuscript. This research was supported by National Institute of Food & Agriculture, Grant 2011-67009-30026 (S.E.S, J.F.P), the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-07ER64458 (W.V., S.E.S, J.F.P), and additional funding from USDA-ARS, CRIS project 5440-21220-024-00D (S.E.S, J.F.P). NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 855 EP 865 DI 10.1007/s12155-012-9197-z PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027TW UT WOS:000310377600005 ER PT J AU Follett, RF Vogel, KP Varvel, GE Mitchell, RB Kimble, J AF Follett, Ronald F. Vogel, Kenneth P. Varvel, Gary E. Mitchell, Robert B. Kimble, John TI Soil Carbon Sequestration by Switchgrass and No-Till Maize Grown for Bioenergy SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Switchgrass; Maize, soil carbon; Soil organic carbon; Bioenergy; Sustainability; Carbon sequestration ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CORN STOVER; PROFILE CARBON; LAND; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; MANAGEMENT; EMISSIONS; BIOFUELS AB Net benefits of bioenergy crops, including maize and perennial grasses such as switchgrass, are a function of several factors including the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestered by these crops. Life cycle assessments (LCA) for bioenergy crops have been conducted using models in which SOC information is usually from the top 30 to 40 cm. Information on the effects of crop management practices on SOC has been limited so LCA models have largely not included any management practice effects. In the first 9 years of a long-term C sequestration study in eastern Nebraska, USA, switchgrass and maize with best management practices had average annual increases in SOC per hectare that exceed 2 Mg C year(-1) (7.3 Mg CO2 year(-1)) for the 0 to 150 soil depth. For both switchgrass and maize, over 50 % of the increase in SOC was below the 30 cm depth. SOC sequestration by switchgrass was twofold to fourfold greater than that used in models to date which also assumed no SOC sequestration by maize. The results indicate that N fertilizer rates and harvest management regimes can affect the magnitude of SOC sequestration. The use of uniform soil C effects for bioenergy crops from sampling depths of 30 to 40 cm across agro-ecoregions for large scale LCA is questionable. C1 [Vogel, Kenneth P.; Mitchell, Robert B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68683 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, NRRC, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Varvel, Gary E.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kimble, John] USDA NRCS Natl Soils Lab, Addison, NY 14801 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, 137 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68683 USA. EM Ken.Vogel@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS); USDA-ARS GRACEnet effort; USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) including funds from the USDA-ARS GRACEnet effort, and partly by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Authors acknowledge the important technical contributions of Edward Buenger, Elizabeth Pruessner, Susan Sampson-Liebig, Steven Masterson, Patrick Callahan, Kevin Grams, Stephan Swanson, and many student employees. The field assistance and coordination by Steve Scheinost, Asst. State Soil Scientist, USDA, NRCS, for Nebraska and laboratory support provided by the USDA, NRCS, Soil Survey Laboratory (National Soil Survey Center) is acknowledged. NR 44 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 114 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 866 EP 875 DI 10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027TW UT WOS:000310377600006 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Zhu, JY Gleisner, R Sessions, J AF Zhang, Chao Zhu, J. Y. Gleisner, Roland Sessions, John TI Fractionation of Forest Residues of Douglas-fir for Fermentable Sugar Production by SPORL Pretreatment SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Forest residues; Size fractionation/sieving; Bark; Pretreatment; Enzymatic hydrolysis/saccharification ID CELLULOSIC ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; LODGEPOLE PINE; OVERCOME RECALCITRANCE; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; SULFITE PRETREATMENT; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; BARK; BIOMASS; LIGNOCELLULOSE; BALANCE AB Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest residues were physically fractionated through sieving. The bark and wood were separated for large-sized fractions (> 12.7 mm), and their contents were determined. The chemical compositions of the large fractions were calculated based on the contents and chemical compositions of the bark and wood. The chemical compositions of the fine fractions were analyzed. The bark and wood content in the fine fractions was calculated based on the measured glucan and lignin contents in each fraction. It was found that fractionation by particle/chip size can effectively fractionate bark and wood and therefore lignin from carbohydrates. The large-sized fractions (> 12.7 mm) represent approximately 60 % of the collected forest residues but only contain approximately 37 % of the total bark and 35 % of the total ash, or a selectivity over bark and ash of 1.6 and 1.7, respectively. Pretreatment of forest residues by sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis revealed the presence of 14.3 % bark can reduce substrate enzymatic digestibilities (SED) 16 % compared with that from a bark-free sample. The SED of a bark is 41 % compared with 73 % for wood when pretreated under the same conditions. Separating pretreatment of bark from wood is beneficial for producing a more enzymatically digestible substrate. The results from the present study could have significant implications for harvesting forest residues. C1 [Zhang, Chao; Zhu, J. Y.; Gleisner, Roland] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Zhang, Chao] Tianjin Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Technol, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. [Sessions, John] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2011-68005-30416]; NIFA; Chinese Scholarship Council FX This work, as part of the Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance (NARA), was funded by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2011-68005-30416 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA). We would also like to acknowledge Novozymes North America for their constant support by complementary providing cellulase enzymes. We would also like to thank Fred Matt of USDA Forest Products Laboratory for conducting detailed chemical composition analysis. The financial support from NIFA and the Chinese Scholarship Council made the visiting appointment of Zhang at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory possible. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 978 EP 988 DI 10.1007/s12155-012-9213-3 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027TW UT WOS:000310377600016 ER PT J AU Questad, EJ Thaxton, JM Cordell, S AF Questad, Erin J. Thaxton, Jarrod M. Cordell, Susan TI Patterns and consequences of re-invasion into a Hawaiian dry forest restoration SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Limiting similarity; Plant diversity; Local extinction; Pennisetum setaceum; Cenchrus setaceus ID PENNISETUM-SETACEUM; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; HETEROPOGON-CONTORTUS; LIMITING SIMILARITY; UNGULATE EXCLUSION; SPECIES INVASIONS; EXOTIC GRASSES; DIVERSITY AB The restoration of native plant diversity may be an effective tool for weed control, but its use has not been tested in the heavily invaded Hawaiian dry forest ecosystem. In addition, the ecological mechanisms by which invasive plants may cause declines in native plant diversity are generally not well understood. We examined invasion resistance and the relationships between invasion and declines in native plant diversity at local scales in a Hawaiian dry forest restoration by experimentally removing non-native species, planting native species, manipulating resources and environmental conditions, and allowing non-native species to re-invade. We found higher invasion rates in habitats that supported the most native species, suggesting that similar mechanisms may regulate the distribution of both native and invasive species. Pennisetum setaceum, a dominant invasive perennial grass, was associated with native plant mortality and declines in native diversity. Although invasion rates were greatest in more favorable habitats, the association of invasion with native species loss was significant only in lower quality habitats, suggesting that environmental conditions may regulate competitive interactions between native and invasive species. We found that native woody plant restoration is not an effective tool for weed control in this community, and that invasion may result in declines in native diversity. Our study provides a caveat to previous suggestions that invasion impacts on native diversity will be greatest in the most diverse plant communities. At local scales in some communities it may also be effective to control invasive species in sensitive areas with low resource availability instead of, or in addition to, areas with high biodiversity. C1 [Questad, Erin J.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Biol Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Thaxton, Jarrod M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Cordell, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Questad, EJ (reprint author), Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Biol Sci, 3801 W Temple Ave, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. EM ejquestad@csupomona.edu; jarrod.thaxton@upr.edu; scordell01@fs.fed.us FU USDA NRI [2002-00631] FX We thank Kamehameha Schools and the North Kona Dryland Forest Working Group for site access and logistical support. Special thanks to R. Sopkin, V. Velez-Thaxton, M. Selvig, M. Biggs, C. Perry, and S. Brooks for help with fieldwork and data collection. Thanks to C. D'Antonio for insightful comments on an early draft. Funding was provided by USDA NRI Grant 2002-00631 to R. J. Cabin, SC, and D. R. Sandquist. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2012 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2573 EP 2586 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0253-6 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028ZM UT WOS:000310464500010 ER PT J AU Merritt, DM Shafroth, PB AF Merritt, David M. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Edaphic, salinity, and stand structural trends in chronosequences of native and non-native dominated riparian forests along the Colorado River, USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Tamarix; Populus; Soil salinity; Colorado River; Flow regime; Dams ID MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COTTONWOOD POPULUS-FREMONTII; SALTCEDAR TAMARIX-CHINENSIS; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; SALT TOLERANCE; AMERICAN RIVERS; FLOW ALTERATION; RUSSIAN OLIVE; NORTH-AMERICA AB Tamarix spp. are introduced shrubs that have become among the most abundant woody plants growing along western North American rivers. We sought to empirically test the long-held belief that Tamarix actively displaces native species through elevating soil salinity via salt exudation. We measured chemical and physical attributes of soils (e.g., salinity, major cations and anions, texture), litter cover and depth, and stand structure along chronosequences dominated by Tamarix and those dominated by native riparian species (Populus or Salix) along the upper and lower Colorado River in Colorado and Arizona/California, USA. We tested four hypotheses: (1) the rate of salt accumulation in soils is faster in Tamarix-dominated stands than stands dominated by native species, (2) the concentration of salts in the soil is higher in mature stands dominated by Tamarix compared to native stands, (3) soil salinity is a function of Tamarix abundance, and (4) available nutrients are more concentrated in native-dominated stands compared to Tamarix-dominated stands. We found that salt concentration increases at a faster rate in Tamarix-dominated stands along the relatively free-flowing upper Colorado but not along the heavily-regulated lower Colorado. Concentrations of ions that are known to be preferentially exuded by Tamarix (e.g., B, Na, and Cl) were higher in Tamarix stands than in native stands. Soil salt concentrations in older Tamarix stands along the upper Colorado were sufficiently high to inhibit germination, establishment, or growth of some native species. On the lower Colorado, salinity was very high in all stands and is likely due to factors associated with floodplain development and the hydrologic effects of river regulation, such as reduced overbank flooding, evaporation of shallow ground water, higher salt concentrations in surface and ground water due to agricultural practices, and higher salt concentrations in fine-textured sediments derived from naturally saline parent material. C1 [Merritt, David M.] USFS Natl Watershed Fish & Wildlife Staff, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Merritt, DM (reprint author), USFS Natl Watershed Fish & Wildlife Staff, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dmmerritt@fs.fed.us FU Bureau of Reclamation; Lower Colorado River Regional Office; U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program; TNC David H. Smith fellowship program and an interagency agreement [2216-08-IA-312] FX We would like to acknowledge David Canter, Julie Roth, Ron Osborne, Eligio Aragon, Kirsten Romig, Brett Wolk, Chris Dodge, John Swett, David Graf, and Steven Rauth for assistance in the field and with logistics. Thank you to Terry Waddle who directed the topographic surveying on the lower Colorado River, Rick Anderson who directed the topographic surveying on the upper Colorado River, Tammy Fancher for preparing Fig. 1, and L. Scott Baggett for assisting with the smearing technique for Figs. 2 through 6. Cathy Stewart provided assistance with soil texture analysis. We extend special appreciation to Laura Perry who provided helpful review and editorial suggestions. Funding from Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado River Regional Office and the U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program supported PBS and funding from TNC David H. Smith fellowship program and an interagency agreement (no. 2216-08-IA-312) with the Bureau of Reclamation supported DMM's work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 92 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2012 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2665 EP 2685 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0263-4 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028ZM UT WOS:000310464500018 ER PT J AU Silva, TCF Habibi, Y Colodette, JL Elder, T Lucia, LA AF Fonseca Silva, Teresa Cristina Habibi, Youssef Colodette, Jorge Luiz Elder, Thomas Lucia, Lucian A. TI A fundamental investigation of the microarchitecture and mechanical properties of tempo-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-based aerogels SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE NFC; Aerogels; TEMPO; Hydroxyapatite ID MEDIATED OXIDATION; NATIVE CELLULOSE; SURFACE OXIDATION; MICROFIBRILS; NANOFIBERS; HYDROXYAPATITE; AEROCELLULOSE; COMPOSITES; FIBERS AB Freeze-dried nanofibrillated cellulose based-aerogels were produced from cellulosic pulps extracted from Eucalyptus urograndis. Nanofibers were isolated under high pressure and modified with TEMPO-mediated oxidation and/or hydroxyapatite (HAp) to observe potential changes in mechanical properties. Two degrees of oxidation (DO), 0.1 and 0.2, were achieved as measured by conductimetric titration. Oxidized and non-oxidized samples were modified with HAp at a ratio of HAp:cellulose of 0.2:1. Morphology (FE-SEM), pore size, surface area, and mechanical properties were obtained to characterize the produced aerogels. The results clearly demonstrate a homogeneous morphology for aerogels fabricated with oxidized cellulose nanofibers. The nature of water present in the material was measured using time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (TD-NMR) and demonstrated that it played a key role in the development of the porous and uniform micro-architecture. TEMPO-mediated oxidation and the addition of HAp resulted in aerogels with high mechanical strength as demonstrated from an increase from approximately 75-200 kPa in compressive strength when reduced to 50 % of their original height. However, the contribution of oxidation to the mechanical properties was more pronounced than the addition of HAp. In general, the density of the aerogels varied from 0.008 to 0.011 g/cm(3) in which slightly lightweight aerogels were produced by increasing the degree of oxidation, whereas the incorporation of HAp as a modifying agent for potential bio-based tissue scaffolding matrices did not significantly contribute to higher densities. C1 [Fonseca Silva, Teresa Cristina; Habibi, Youssef; Lucia, Lucian A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forest Biomat, Lab Soft Mat & Green Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fonseca Silva, Teresa Cristina; Colodette, Jorge Luiz] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Quim, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Elder, Thomas] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Lucia, LA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forest Biomat, Lab Soft Mat & Green Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lalucia@ncsu.edu RI Habibi, Youssef/F-7312-2014 OI Habibi, Youssef/0000-0001-7023-5233 FU CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) FX We would like to gratefully acknowledge the CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) for the generous provision of a research fellowship to TCFS that allowed parts of this work to be realized. The Authors would also like to thank Professor Robert C. Borden from the Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering for the generous use of the homogenizer. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 102 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD DEC PY 2012 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1945 EP 1956 DI 10.1007/s10570-012-9761-x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 029ZV UT WOS:000310538300013 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ Zhu, JY Reiner, RS Verrill, SP Baxa, U McNeil, SE AF Wang, Q. Q. Zhu, J. Y. Reiner, R. S. Verrill, S. P. Baxa, U. McNeil, S. E. TI Approaching zero cellulose loss in cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) production: recovery and characterization of cellulosic solid residues (CSR) and CNC SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Nanocellulose materials/composites; Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs); Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs); Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs); Acid hydrolysis ID MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; NATIVE CELLULOSE; HYDROLYSIS; ACID; SUSPENSIONS; EXTRACTION AB This study demonstrated the potential of simultaneously recovering cellulosic solid residues (CSR) and producing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by strong sulfuric acid hydrolysis to minimize cellulose loss to near zero. A set of slightly milder acid hydrolysis conditions than that considered as "optimal" were used to significantly minimize the degradation of cellulose into soluble sugars that cannot be economically recovered, but resulted in CSR that is easily recoverable through conventional centrifuge. It was found that the window for simultaneous recoveries of CSR and producing high yield CNC in strong acid hydrolysis was extremely narrow. However, we achieved significant CSR yield with near zero cellulose loss but without sacrificing CNC yield compared with that obtained at "optimal condition". The resultant CSR contains sulfate ester groups that facilitated subsequent mechanical nano-fibrillation to cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), a potential high value nanocellulosic material for a variety of applications. C1 [Wang, Q. Q.; Zhu, J. Y.; Reiner, R. S.; Verrill, S. P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Wang, Q. Q.] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Baxa, U.] SAIC Frederick Inc, Electron Microscopy Lab, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [McNeil, S. E.] SAIC Frederick Inc, Adv Technol Program, NCI Frederick, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us RI Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCL/K-8454-2012; Wang, Qianqian/G-1915-2012 OI Wang, Qianqian/0000-0003-3514-455X FU USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Competitive Grant [2011-67009-20056]; Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC); National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E] FX Financial support for this work included USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Competitive Grant (No. 2011-67009-20056) and Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC). The funding from these two programs made the visiting appointment of Wang at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) possible. We would like to acknowledge Fred Matt and Kolby Hirth (Both FPL) for conducting carbohydrate and sulfur content measurements, respectively, Thomas Kuster (FPL) for SEM image analysis, Debby Sherman of DSimaging and Life Science Microscopy Facility at Purdue University for TEM analysis of the mechanically fibrillated CSR samples. We also would like to thank Anne Kamata, SAIC-Frederick, Inc. for electron microscopy imaging. The TEM imaging work has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 87 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD DEC PY 2012 VL 19 IS 6 BP 2033 EP 2047 DI 10.1007/s10570-012-9765-6 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 029ZV UT WOS:000310538300019 ER PT J AU Dash, R Elder, T Ragauskas, AJ AF Dash, Rajalaxmi Elder, Thomas Ragauskas, Arthur J. TI Grafting of model primary amine compounds to cellulose nanowhiskers through periodate oxidation SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Amine derivative; Cellulose nanowhiskers; Dialdehyde cellulose nanowhiskers; Periodate oxidation ID RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; NANOCRYSTALS; WHISKERS; NANOCELLULOSES; NANOCOMPOSITES; ACETYLATION; SUSPENSIONS; CHITOSAN; FIBERS AB This study demonstrates regioselective oxidation of cellulose nanowhiskers using 2.80-10.02 mmols of sodium periodate per 5 g of whiskers followed by grafting with methyl and butyl amines through a Schiff base reaction to obtain their amine derivatives in 80-90 % yield. We found a corresponding increase in carbonyl content (0.06-0.14 mmols/g) of the dialdehyde cellulose nanowhiskers with the increase in oxidant as measured by titrimetric analysis and this was further evidenced by FT-IR spectroscopy. Grafting of amine compounds to the oxidized cellulose nanowhiskers resulted in their amine derivatives, which are found to be partially soluble in DMSO. Therefore, the reduction reaction between amines and carbonyl groups was confirmed through C-13 NMR spectra, which was also supported by copper titration, XPS, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Morphological integrity and crystallinity of the nanowhiskers was maintained after the chemical modification as studied by AFM and solid-state C-13 NMR, respectively. C1 [Dash, Rajalaxmi; Ragauskas, Arthur J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Elder, Thomas] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Ragauskas, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM arthur.ragauskas@ipst.gatech.edu OI Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X FU DOE [DE-EE0003144] FX The authors thank DOE (DE-EE0003144) for the support of this study. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 98 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD DEC PY 2012 VL 19 IS 6 BP 2069 EP 2079 DI 10.1007/s10570-012-9769-2 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 029ZV UT WOS:000310538300022 ER PT J AU Pumarino, L Alomar, O Lundgren, JG AF Pumarino, Lorena Alomar, Oscar Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI Effects of floral and extrafloral resource diversity on the fitness of an omnivorous bug, Orius insidiosus SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE fecundity; habitat diversity; longevity; nutrient contents; plant resources; Hemiptera; Anthocoridae; pollen; nectar; Heteroptera ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MICHIGAN NATIVE PLANTS; IN-FIELD CORN; NATURAL ENEMIES; VEGETATIONAL DIVERSITY; RAPID-DETERMINATION; HABITAT MANAGEMENT; HOVERFLIES DIPTERA; INSECTARY PLANTS; PARASITOID WASP AB Habitat manipulation and increasing biodiversity are important approaches that enhance biological control of pests, but it is important to evaluate the relative benefits of specific plant species when designing conservation programs. Orius insidiosus Say (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is an important predator of thrips and aphids that also feeds on plants. It is the target of conservation biological control programs. Despite O. insidiosus' relevance, little is known about the effects of plant subsidies on predator performance or nutritional status. Here, we examined the influence of restricting the pollen and nectar resources of five plant species (alyssum, buckwheat, phacelia, fava bean, and chamomile), and how increasing plant diversity affects O. insidiosus fecundity, survival, and nutritional status. Plant species varied in their suitability for O. insidiosus, which was driven in part by the availability of the pollen or nectar resources. Offering plants as a mixture did not improve fecundity; however, the plant least preferred for oviposition under no-choice tests (fava bean) became the preferred egg-laying site when the plants were offered in combination. We conclude that the benefits obtained by O. insidiosus vary among plant species, and that increasing plant diversity can have unpredicted, positive effects on insect fitness. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] ARS, NCARL, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Pumarino, Lorena; Alomar, Oscar] IRTA, E-08348 Barcelona, Spain. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), ARS, NCARL, USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jonathan.lund-gren@ars.usda.gov RI Alomar, Oscar/A-1520-2009 OI Alomar, Oscar/0000-0002-8756-871X FU FPI doctorate fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) [AGL2006-08726, AGL2008-00546] FX We thank Janet Fergen, Mallory Johnson, Chloe Kruse, and Ryan Schmid for their technical assistance in carrying out this project. Lorena Pumarino was supported by a FPI doctorate fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) associated with the projects AGL2006-08726 and AGL2008-00546. Mention of any proprietary products does not constitute endorsement by the USDA. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 145 IS 3 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1111/eea.12002 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 030BO UT WOS:000310542800001 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, John A. TI Modelling female mating success during mass trapping and natural competitive attraction of searching males or females SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; monitoring; mating disruption; integrated pest management; IPM; mating systems; semiochemicals; effective attraction radius ID MECHANISMS MEDIATING DISRUPTION; LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS DIPTERA; MOTH SEXUAL COMMUNICATION; MALE-PRODUCED PHEROMONE; TERM PEST-MANAGEMENT; FLYING INSECTS; FRUIT-FLIES; STINK BUG; COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR; LEKKING BEHAVIOR AB Simulation models of insects encountering sex pheromone with or without mass trapping in which the searching sex is either male (moths and many insect species) or female (some true bugs, beetles, and flies) were developed. The searching sex moved as a correlated random walk, while the opposite sex remained stationary (calling) and released an attractive sex pheromone. The searching sex was caught when encountering a pheromone-baited trap, and females mated when encountering a male. An encounter with pheromone was defined by the searcher's interception of a circle termed the effective attraction radius (EAR(c)). Parameters of movement (speed and duration), initial numbers of calling sex and searching sex, number of traps, area, and EAR(c) of traps and calling sex were varied individually to evaluate effects on the percentage of females mating. In the natural condition without traps, female mating success in both models was identical. Increasing the EAR(c) of the calling sex caused diminishing increases in female mating success, suggesting that evolution of larger pheromone release and EAR(c) is limited by increasing costs (production/sensitivity) relative to diminishing increases and benefits of mating encounters. With mass trapping, increasing the EAR(c) of traps or density of traps caused similar declines in female mating in both models, but the female-searching model predicted slightly lower mating success than the male-searching model. Increasing the EAR(c) of calling insects or the initial density of insects caused similar increases in female mating in both models, but again the female-searching model had slightly lower mating success than the male-searching model. The models have implications for mating lek formation and for understanding the variables affecting the success of mass trapping programs for insect pests with either male or female sex pheromones. C1 ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM john.byers@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 145 IS 3 BP 228 EP 237 DI 10.1111/eea.12006 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 030BO UT WOS:000310542800007 ER PT J AU Weber, B Halterman, DA AF Weber, Brooke Halterman, Dennis A. TI Analysis of genetic and pathogenic variation of Alternaria solani from a potato production region SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Potato early blight; Alternaria solani; Plant pathogen populations ID EARLY BLIGHT; BROWN SPOT; RESISTANCE; VARIABILITY; TOMATO; DIVERSITY; INHERITANCE; POPULATION; SEQUENCE; MARKERS AB A two-year survey was conducted to investigate the level of genetic variability occurring across growing seasons within natural populations of Alternaria solani, the cause of early blight in potato. Genetic diversity among 151 isolates, taken from a disease resistance breeding trial, was assessed using seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and sequence analyses of portions of the internal transcriber spacer (ITS) region and Alt a1 gene. A. solani isolates were grouped into 19 RAPD profiles to examine the distribution patterns of genetically distinct isolates within and between years. Seven RAPD profiles were found spanning both years with profiles 6 and 13 being the most prevalent. Five unique profiles were found only in 2008 and seven were found only in 2009. No variation was observed among isolates of A. solani based on ITS and Alt a1 sequence analyses, but a distinction between A. solani and A. dauci, a close relative outgroup was identified. Pathogenicity was also assessed using a tissue culture plantlet assay on four isolates and two reference cultures. Differences in virulence were observed among the isolates examined. C1 [Weber, Brooke] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Halterman, Dennis A.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Halterman, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dennis.halterman@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 134 IS 4 BP 847 EP 858 DI 10.1007/s10658-012-0060-z PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 027UY UT WOS:000310380500017 ER PT J AU Vanholme, R Morreel, K Darrah, C Oyarce, P Grabber, JH Ralph, J Boerjan, W AF Vanholme, Ruben Morreel, Kris Darrah, Chiarina Oyarce, Paula Grabber, John H. Ralph, John Boerjan, Wout TI Metabolic engineering of novel lignin in biomass crops SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE cell wall; lignin; pathway discovery; phenolic metabolism; phenolic profiling; synthetic biology ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE; SALICYLIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; FERULATE CROSS-LINKS; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L.; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS; SINAPYL ALCOHOL AB Lignin, a phenolic polymer in the secondary wall, is the major cause of lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to efficient industrial processing. From an applications perspective, it is desirable that second-generation bioenergy crops have lignin that is readily degraded by chemical pretreatments but still fulfill its biological role in plants. Because plants can tolerate large variations in lignin composition, often without apparent adverse effects, substitution of some fraction of the traditional monolignols by alternative monomers through genetic engineering is a promising strategy to tailor lignin in bioenergy crops. However, successful engineering of lignin incorporating alternative monomers requires knowledge about phenolic metabolism in plants and about the coupling properties of these alternative monomers. Here, we review the current knowledge about lignin biosynthesis and the pathways towards the main phenolic classes. In addition, the minimal requirements are defined for molecules that, upon incorporation into the lignin polymer, make the latter more susceptible to biomass pretreatment. Numerous metabolites made by plants meet these requirements, and several have already been tested as monolignol substitutes in biomimetic systems. Finally, the status of detection and identification of compounds by phenolic profiling is discussed, as phenolic profiling serves in pathway elucidation and for the detection of incorporation of alternative lignin monomers. C1 [Vanholme, Ruben; Morreel, Kris; Darrah, Chiarina; Oyarce, Paula; Boerjan, Wout] VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Vanholme, Ruben; Morreel, Kris; Darrah, Chiarina; Oyarce, Paula; Boerjan, Wout] Univ Ghent, Dept Plant Biotechnol & Bioinformat, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Grabber, John H.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Wisconsin Bioenergy Initiat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Wisconsin Bioenergy Initiat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Boerjan, W (reprint author), VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, Technol Pk 27, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. EM wout.boerjan@psb.vib-ugent.be OI Boerjan, Wout/0000-0003-1495-510X FU Ghent University; Stanford University FX The authors thank Annick Bleys for help in preparing the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Multidisciplinary Research Project 'Biotechnology for a sustainable economy' of Ghent University and from Stanford University's Global Climate and Energy Project ('Towards New Degradable Lignin Types' and 'Efficient Biomass Conversion: Delineating the Best Lignin Monomer-substitutes'). R. V. is a postdoctoral fellow of the Research Foundation-Flanders. P.O. is a predoctoral fellow of the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology of Chili. NR 223 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 8 U2 304 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 196 IS 4 BP 978 EP 1000 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04337.x PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 031XR UT WOS:000310676400007 PM 23035778 ER PT J AU Blechl, A Lin, J Shao, M Thilmony, R Thomson, J AF Blechl, Ann Lin, Jeanie Shao, Min Thilmony, Roger Thomson, James TI The Bxb1 Recombinase Mediates Site-Specific Deletion in Transgenic Wheat SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Bxb1; Cre-lox; Site-specific recombination; Wheat transformation; Biolistics ID CRE RECOMBINASE; GENETIC MANIPULATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PLANT GENOME; MARKER GENE; ZEA-MAYS; INTEGRATION; EXCISION; RICE; EXPRESSION AB The utility and commercial potential of genetically engineered (GE) plants would benefit from the use of site-specific recombination systems that enable efficient excision of the marker genes used to identify transformants. Although wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world, GE varieties have yet to be put into commercial production. To develop the Bxb1 recombination system (derived from the Mycobacterium smegmati bacteriophage Bxb1) for site-specific marker gene removal in transgenic wheat, we used biolistics to introduce into the wheat genome a codon optimized Bxb1 recombinase gene (BxbNom) under the control of the maize ubiquitin-1 promoter (Ubi1). Recombinase activity was monitored using a GUSPlus reporter gene activation assay. BxbNom recombinase-mediated excision of an att site-flanked stuffer DNA fragment activated beta-glucuronidase reporter activity in callus, endosperm, and leaves in transient assays. The system also detected activity in leaves and endosperm of progeny of multiple independent transgenic wheat lines stably expressing BxbNom. Our results demonstrate that the Bxb1 recombinase is heritable in transgenic wheat plants and performs site-specific excision, providing a useful tool for generating marker-free GE plants. Establishment of wheat lines capable of efficiently excising unneeded marker genes removes one potential barrier to commercial deployment of GE wheat. C1 [Blechl, Ann; Lin, Jeanie; Thilmony, Roger; Thomson, James] ARS, USDA, WRRC Crop Improvement & Utilizat, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Shao, Min] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Thomson, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WRRC Crop Improvement & Utilizat, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM James.Thomson@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We thank Dr. V. Srivastava for seeds of the Cre-expressing transgenic wheat line 'Cre37' and Mara Guttman for excellent technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely to provide specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity employer. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1357 EP 1366 DI 10.1007/s11105-012-0454-2 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 027BF UT WOS:000310326100009 ER PT J AU Wainwright, PC Smith, WL Price, SA Tang, KL Sparks, JS Ferry, LA Kuhn, KL Eytan, RI Near, TJ AF Wainwright, Peter C. Smith, W. Leo Price, Samantha A. Tang, Kevin L. Sparks, John S. Ferry, Lara A. Kuhn, Kristen L. Eytan, Ron I. Near, Thomas J. TI The Evolution of Pharyngognathy: A Phylogenetic and Functional Appraisal of the Pharyngeal Jaw Key Innovation in Labroid Fishes and Beyond SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthomorpha; Beloniformes; Centrogenyidae; key innovation; Labroidei; Ovalentaria; pharyngeal jaws; Perciformes ID RAY-FINNED FISH; CICHLID FISHES; LABRID FISHES; PERCOMORPH PHYLOGENY; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; NORTHERN-TERRITORY; TELEOSTEI; PERCIFORMES; MORPHOLOGY; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB The perciform group Labroidei includes approximately 2600 species and comprises some of the most diverse and successful lineages of teleost fishes. Composed of four major clades, Cichlidae, Labridae (wrasses, parrotfishes, and weed whitings), Pomacentridae (damselfishes), and Embiotocidae (surfperches); labroids have been an icon for studies of biodiversity, adaptive radiation, and sexual selection. The success and diversification of labroids have been largely attributed to the presence of a major innovation in the pharyngeal jaw apparatus, pharyngognathy, which is hypothesized to increase feeding capacity and versatility. We present results of large-scale phylogenetic analyses and a survey of pharyngeal jaw functional morphology that allow us to examine the evolution of pharyngognathy in a historical context. Phylogenetic analyses were based on a sample of 188 acanthomorph (spiny-rayed fish) species, primarily percomorphs (perch-like fishes), and DNA sequence data collected from 10 nuclear loci that have been previously used to resolve higher level ray-finned fish relationships. Phylogenies inferred from this dataset using maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and species tree analyses indicate polyphyly of the traditional Labroidei and clearly separate Labridae from the remainder of the traditional labroid lineages (Cichlidae, Embiotocidae, and Pomacentridae). These three "chromide" families grouped within a newly discovered clade of 40 families and more than 4800 species (>27% of percomorphs and >16% of all ray-finned fishes), which we name Ovalentaria for its characteristic demersal, adhesive eggs with chorionic filaments. This fantastically diverse clade includes some of the most species-rich lineages of marine and freshwater fishes, including all representatives of the Cichlidae, Embiotocidae, Pomacentridae, Ambassidae, Gobiesocidae, Grammatidae, Mugilidae, Opistognathidae, Pholidichthyidae, Plesiopidae (including Notograptus), Polycentridae, Pseudochromidae, Atherinomorpha, and Blennioidei. Beyond the discovery of Ovalentaria, this study provides a surprising, but well-supported, hypothesis for a convictblenny (Pholidichthys) sister group to the charismatic cichlids and new insights into the evolution of pharyngognathy. Bayesian stochastic mapping ancestral state reconstructions indicate that pharyngognathy has evolved at least six times in percomorphs, including four separate origins in members of the former Labroidei, one origin in the Centrogenyidae, and one origin within Beloniformes. Our analyses indicate that all pharyngognathous fishes have a mechanically efficient biting mechanism enabled by the muscular sling and a single lower jaw element. However, a major distinction exists between Labridae, which lacks the widespread, generalized percomorph pharyngeal biting mechanism, and all other pharyngognathous clades, which possess this generalized biting mechanism in addition to pharyngognathy. Our results reveal a remarkable history of pharyngognathy: far from a single origin, it appears to have evolved at least six times, and its status as a major evolutionary innovation is reinforced by it being a synapomorphy for several independent major radiations, including some of the most species rich and ecologically diverse percomorph clades of coral reef and tropical freshwater fishes, Labridae and Cichlidae. C1 [Wainwright, Peter C.; Price, Samantha A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smith, W. Leo] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Tang, Kevin L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Flint, MI 48502 USA. [Sparks, John S.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ichthyol, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Ferry, Lara A.] Arizona State Univ, Div Math & Nat Sci, Phoenix, AZ 85069 USA. [Kuhn, Kristen L.; Eytan, Ron I.; Near, Thomas J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Peabody Museum Nat Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kuhn, Kristen L.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Wainwright, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Evolut & Ecol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pcwainwright@ucdavis.edu RI Near, Thomas/K-1204-2012; Wainwright, Peter /A-7882-2013 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0444842, DEB-0716155, DEB-0717009, DEB-0732642, IOS-0444554, IOS-0749943, ANT-0839007, DEB-1060869, DEB-1061806, DEB-1061981] FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0444842, DEB-0716155, DEB-0717009, DEB-0732642, IOS-0444554, IOS-0749943, ANT-0839007, DEB-1060869, DEB-1061806, and DEB-1061981). NR 93 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 6 U2 117 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1027 DI 10.1093/sysbio/sys060 PG 27 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 027TL UT WOS:000310376400007 PM 22744773 ER PT J AU McClure, MC Ramey, HR Rolf, MM McKay, SD Decker, JE Chapple, RH Kim, JW Taxis, TM Weaber, RL Schnabel, RD Taylor, JF AF McClure, M. C. Ramey, H. R. Rolf, M. M. McKay, S. D. Decker, J. E. Chapple, R. H. Kim, J. W. Taxis, T. M. Weaber, R. L. Schnabel, R. D. Taylor, J. F. TI Genome-wide association analysis for quantitative trait loci influencing Warner-Bratzler shear force in five taurine cattle breeds SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE beef; Bos taurus taurus; calpain 1; (mu; I) large subunit; calpastatin; genome-wide association; haplotype; meat tenderness; quantitative trait loci; single-nucleotide polymorphisms; Warner-Bratzler shear force ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; MEAT QUALITY TRAITS; MYOSTATIN GENE; CARCASS COMPOSITION; BEEF-CATTLE; MISSING GENOTYPES; AFFECTING GROWTH; MU-CALPAIN; BOS-TAURUS; TENDERNESS AB We performed a genome-wide association study for WarnerBratzler shear force (WBSF), a measure of meat tenderness, by genotyping 3360 animals from five breeds with 54 790 BovineSNP50 and 96 putative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within mu-calpain [HUGO nomenclature calpain 1, (mu/I) large subunit; CAPN1] and calpastatin (CAST). Within- and across-breed analyses estimated SNP allele substitution effects (ASEs) by genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and variance components by restricted maximum likelihood under an animal model incorporating a genomic relationship matrix. GBLUP estimates of ASEs from the across-breed analysis were moderately correlated (0.310.66) with those from the individual within-breed analyses, indicating that prediction equations for molecular estimates of breeding value developed from across-breed analyses should be effective for genomic selection within breeds. We identified 79 genomic regions associated with WBSF in at least three breeds, but only eight were detected in all five breeds, suggesting that the within-breed analyses were underpowered, that different quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlie variation between breeds or that the BovineSNP50 SNP density is insufficient to detect common QTL among breeds. In the across-breed analysis, CAPN1 was followed by CAST as the most strongly associated WBSF QTL genome-wide, and associations with both were detected in all five breeds. We show that none of the four commercialized CAST and CAPN1 SNP diagnostics are causal for associations with WBSF, and we putatively fine-map the CAPN1 causal mutation to a 4581-bp region. We estimate that variation in CAST and CAPN1 explains 1.02 and 1.85% of the phenotypic variation in WBSF respectively. C1 [McClure, M. C.; Ramey, H. R.; Rolf, M. M.; McKay, S. D.; Decker, J. E.; Chapple, R. H.; Kim, J. W.; Taxis, T. M.; Weaber, R. L.; Schnabel, R. D.; Taylor, J. F.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [McClure, M. C.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Taylor, JF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM taylorjerr@missouri.edu OI Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Decker, Jared/0000-0001-5685-7343 FU University of Missouri; Missouri Beef Industry Council; National Research Initiative from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2008-35205-04687, 2008-35205-18864]; USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative [2009-65205-05635] FX We acknowledge provision of DNA samples and pheno-typic data on CMP animals produced by the AAA, AHA, ASA, AICA and NALF. This project was supported by the University of Missouri, a grant from the Missouri Beef Industry Council, National Research Initiative grants number 2008-35205-04687 and 2008-35205-18864 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service and grant number 2009-65205-05635 from the USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 59 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 43 IS 6 BP 662 EP 673 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02323.x PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 023VF UT WOS:000310064000002 PM 22497286 ER PT J AU Pilgrim, KL Zielinski, WJ Schlexer, FV Schwartz, MK AF Pilgrim, Kristine L. Zielinski, William J. Schlexer, Fredrick V. Schwartz, Michael K. TI Development of a reliable method for determining sex for a primitive rodent, the Point Arena mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa nigra) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Aplodontia rufa nigra; Sex determination; Mountain beaver; Non-invasive genetic sampling; ZFX; ZFY ID IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; LOCI AB The mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) is a primitive species of rodent, often considered a living fossil. The Point Arena mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa nigra) is an endangered subspecies that occurs in a very restricted range in northern California. Efforts to recover this taxon have been limited by the lack of knowledge on their demography, particularly sex and age-specific vital rates. Recent studies have employed non-invasive genetic sampling to conduct capture-mark-recaptures to estimate abundance, survival and recruitment. Here we report on the development of a method using restriction fragment length polymorphisms to determine sex from tissues, bone and non-invasively collected hair samples for the Point Arena mountain beaver. C1 [Pilgrim, Kristine L.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Zielinski, William J.; Schlexer, Fredrick V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Pilgrim, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM kpilgrim@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU Arcata office of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); California Department of Fish and Game; USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Northern Region of the USFS FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Arcata office of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), California Department of Fish and Game, and the USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station. We thank the Rocky Mountain Research Station and the Northern Region of the USFS for general laboratory funding and support. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 4 BP 975 EP 977 DI 10.1007/s12686-012-9686-6 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 023IX UT WOS:000310027200036 ER PT J AU Tallmon, DA Waples, RS Gregovich, D Schwartz, MK AF Tallmon, David A. Waples, Robin S. Gregovich, Dave Schwartz, Michael K. TI Detecting population recovery using gametic disequilibrium-based effective population size estimates SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Effective population size; Genetic monitoring; Population recovery; Population trend ID PROGRAM AB Recovering populations often must meet specific growth rate or abundance targets before their legal status can be changed from endangered or threatened. While the efficacy, power, and performance of population metrics to infer trends in declining populations has received considerable attention, how these same metrics perform when populations are increasing is less clear. We examined the ability of a one-sample effective population size (N (e) ) estimator (LDNe) to discriminate between stable and increasing population trends across varying sample and initial population sizes. The performance of LDNe was compared to the Lincoln-Peterson (LP) abundance (N) estimator. The ability to identify stable and increasing populations varied widely across sample sizes and number of generations between sequentially collected samples, but LDNe outperformed LP. One-sample N (e) estimates show promise as an efficient method of detecting population increase when samples of 60-120 individuals are collected 5-10 generations apart. C1 [Tallmon, David A.; Gregovich, Dave] Univ Alaska SE, Biol & Marine Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Tallmon, DA (reprint author), Univ Alaska SE, Biol & Marine Biol Program, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM david.tallmon@uas.alaska.edu RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF) [EF-0423641]; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0553768]; University of California; Santa Barbara; State of California FX This work was conducted as part of the 'Working Group on Genetic Monitoring: Development of Tools for Conservation and Management' (PIs Fred Allendorf and Mike Schwartz) supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF #EF-0423641) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara and the State of California. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 4 BP 987 EP 989 DI 10.1007/s12686-012-9689-3 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 023IX UT WOS:000310027200039 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Manter, DK van der Lelie, D AF Hunter, William J. Manter, Daniel K. van der Lelie, Daniel TI Biotransformation of Ferulic Acid to 4-Vinylguaiacol by Enterobacter soli and E-aerogenes SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VANILLIN PRODUCTION; NATURAL VANILLIN; ANTIOXIDANT; TRANSFORMATION; INHIBITION; OXIDATION; PHENOLS; PROTEIN; CELLS AB We investigated the conversion of ferulic acid to 4-vinylguaiacol (4-VG), vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, and vanillic acid by five Enterobacter strains. These high-value chemicals are usually synthesized by chemical methods but biological synthesis adds market value. Ferulic acid, a relatively inexpensive component of agricultural crops, is plentiful in corn hulls, cereal bran, and sugar-beet pulp. Two Enterobacter strains, E. soli, and E. aerogenes, accumulated 550-600 ppm amounts of 4-VG when grown in media containing 1,000 ppm ferulic acid; no accumulations were observed with the other strains. Decreasing the amount of ferulic acid present in the media increased the conversion efficiency. When ferulic acid was supplied in 500, 250, or 125 ppm amounts E. aerogenes converted similar to 72 % of the ferulic acid present to 4-VG while E. soli converted similar to 100 % of the ferulic acid to 4-VG when supplied with 250 or 125 ppm amounts of ferulic acid. Also, lowering the pH improved the conversion efficiency. At pH 5.0 E. aerogenes converted similar to 84 % and E. soli converted similar to 100 % of 1,000 ppm ferulic acid to 4-VG. Only small, 1-5 ppm, accumulations of vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, and vanillic acid were observed. E. soli has a putative phenolic acid decarboxylase (PAD) that is 168 amino acids long and is similar to PADs in other enterobacteriales; this protein is likely involved in the bioconversion of ferulic acid to 4-VG. E. soli or E. aerogenes might be useful as a means of biotransforming ferulic acid to 4-VG. C1 [Hunter, William J.; Manter, Daniel K.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [van der Lelie, Daniel] RTI Int, Ctr Agr & Environm Biotechnol, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 752 EP 757 DI 10.1007/s00284-012-0222-4 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 023YI UT WOS:000310073500016 PM 22986816 ER PT J AU Hirabayashi, S Kroll, CN Nowak, DJ AF Hirabayashi, Satoshi Kroll, Charles N. Nowak, David J. TI Development of a distributed air pollutant dry deposition modeling framework SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Air pollutant; Distributed model; Dry deposition; UFORE; Geographic information system ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; URBAN TREES; GREEN ROOFS; OZONE; DISPERSION; QUALITY AB A distributed air pollutant dry deposition modeling system was developed with a geographic information system (GIS) to enhance the functionality of i-Tree Eco (i-Tree, 2011). With the developed system, temperature, leaf area index (LAI) and air pollutant concentration in a spatially distributed form can be estimated, and based on these and other input variables, dry deposition of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) to trees can be spatially quantified. Employing nationally available road network, traffic volume, air pollutant emission/measurement and meteorological data, the developed system provides a framework for the U.S. city managers to identify spatial patterns of urban forest and locate potential areas for future urban forest planting and protection to improve air quality. To exhibit the usability of the framework, a case study was performed for July and August of 2005 in Baltimore, MD. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hirabayashi, Satoshi] Davey Tree Expert Co, Davey Inst, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Kroll, Charles N.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm Resources & Forest Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Nowak, David J.] USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Hirabayashi, S (reprint author), Davey Tree Expert Co, Davey Inst, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM satoshi.hirabayashi@davey.com; cnkroll@esf.edu; dnowak@fs.fed.us NR 95 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 171 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024EW UT WOS:000310092800002 PM 22858662 ER PT J AU Franco, W Perez-Diaz, IM AF Franco, Wendy Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M. TI Role of selected oxidative yeasts and bacteria in cucumber secondary fermentation associated with spoilage of the fermented fruit SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oxidative yeasts; Spoilage lactic acid bacteria; Pediococcus ethanolidurans; Lactobacillus buchneri; Clostridium bifermentans; Enterobacter spp.; Propionic acid; Butyric acid; Redox potential ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM AB Changes during the spoilage of fermented cucumber pickles have been attributed to the metabolism of different yeasts and bacteria. In this study six organisms isolated from commercial spoiled cucumber pickles were evaluated for their possible role in primary and secondary cucumber fermentations. The ability of the yeasts Issatchenkia occidentalis and Pichia manshurica to utilize lactic and acetic acids during aerobic metabolism was confirmed and associated with increases in brine pH and the chemical reduction of the fermentation matrix. Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus ethanolidurans were able to produce lactic acid from sugars, but only L buchneri produced acetic acid at the expense of lactic acid under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions regardless of the initial acidic pH of 3.2 in the medium. The formation of secondary products was associated with the metabolism of Clostridium bifermentans and Enterobacter cloacae, which metabolic activity was observed at medium pH above 4.5. Individually, the selected spoilage microorganisms were found to be able to produce changes associated with secondary cucumber fermentations. The fact that oxidative yeasts and L buchneri were able to produce chemical changes associated with the initiation of the spoilage process indicates that prevention of the secondary fermentation could be achieved by inhibiting these organisms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Franco, Wendy; Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ilenys.perez-diaz@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 338 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2012.07.013 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 021PG UT WOS:000309897200016 PM 22986199 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA Nonneman, DJ Miller, RK Zerby, H Moeller, S AF Rohrer, G. A. Nonneman, D. J. Miller, R. K. Zerby, H. Moeller, S. TI Association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in candidate genes and QTL regions with pork quality traits in commercial pigs SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Genetic markers; Pork quality; Association ID MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR MC4R; PORCINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; MEAT QUALITY; CARCASS TRAITS; GENOME SCAN; PCR-RFLPS; SEQUENCE VARIATION; INTRAMUSCULAR FAT; MISSENSE MUTATION AB Numerous reports have described genetic markers or genomic regions (QTL) associated with pork quality and/or palatability but few validation studies have been reported. Therefore, 156 SNP markers from 45 candidate genes and eight QTL regions were analyzed for association with pork quality and palatability traits from 888 pork loins. Loins were collected at three slaughter facilities and selected to represent a wide range of pork color, pH and marbling. Phenotypic data recorded included objective and subjective measures of color and marbling, purge loss, shear force, and cooking loss. Data were analyzed with SAS PROC MIXED where loin was fit as a random effect. Results indicated some of the markers tested should be useful in industry, while others are not segregating in all populations or linkage disequilibrium between markers and causative genetic variation fluctuates among populations limiting their universal utility. Genes with the largest effects on pork quality were MC4R, IGF2, CAST and PRKAG3. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rohrer, G. A.; Nonneman, D. J.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Miller, R. K.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zerby, H.; Moeller, S.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM gary.rohrer@ars.usda.gov; dan.nonneman@ars.usda.gov; rmiller@tamu.edu; zerby.8@osu.edu; moeller.27@osu.edu RI Moeller, Steven/B-4026-2012 NR 68 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 EI 1873-4138 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 92 IS 4 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.05.020 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 010HP UT WOS:000309085800029 PM 22688438 ER PT J AU Rossi, CG Heil, DM Bonuma, NB Williams, JR AF Rossi, C. G. Heil, D. M. Bonuma, N. B. Williams, J. R. TI Evaluation of the Langmuir model in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for a high soil phosphorus condition SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE SWAT; Phosphorus; Water treatment residual; Langmuir model ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; WETLAND SOILS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; HYDROLOGIC EVALUATION; SWAT MODEL; SORPTION; FLOW; ADSORPTION; SEDIMENTS AB Phosphorus adsorption by a water treatment residual was tested through Langmuir and linear sorption isotherms and applied in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). This study uses laboratory and greenhouse experimental Phosphorus data to evaluate the performance of a modified version of SWAT for high P concentration simulation development. A combination of vegetative filter strips (VFS) and water treatment residuals (WTR) were used to reduce soluble P runoff concentration. To effectively simulate the concentration measured in the experiments, a Langmuir model was incorporated into SWAT. The effective depth of surface runoff and soil interaction over a small subwatershed (0.07 km(2)) was based on an experimentally determined WTR rate of 64 Mg ha(-1). A continuous flow method for rapid measurement of soil hydraulic properties was used to determine soil water contents and hydraulic conductivities. A parameter sensitivity analysis to model output indicated that the Soil Conservation Service runoff curve number for moisture soil condition II was the most responsive to change for this subwatershed. The SWAT model yielded significantly different soluble P and P leached amounts once the Langmuir model was included as an option to the linear P sorption model. With this new adaptation, SWAT was able to simulate higher P concentrations as validated by laboratory and greenhouse experimental data. The laboratory and greenhouse assessment of the WTR provided insight into the data required to evaluate the incorporation of the Langmuir model into a watershed scale tool. The choice of P model simulation (between the Freundlich option already in SWAT and the Langmuir method) was included in a sensitivity analysis performed to define the model sensitivity to selected parameters. This study provides one case of higher P conditions that SWAT was able to more adequately simulate with the Langmuir model incorporated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rossi, C. G.] USDA ARS, GSWRL, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Heil, D. M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bonuma, N. B.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. [Williams, J. R.] Texas Agrilife, Temple, TX USA. RP Rossi, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS, GSWRL, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM cole.rossi@ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 38 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.04.018 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008QK UT WOS:000308971400004 ER PT J AU Attanayake, RN Porter, L Johnson, DA Chen, W AF Attanayake, R. N. Porter, L. Johnson, D. A. Chen, W. TI Genetic and phenotypic diversity and random association of DNA markers of isolates of the fungal plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from soil on a fine geographic scale SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soil borne fungi; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Genetic diversity; Phenotypic diversity; Sclerotia; Microsatellite markers; Random association ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LETTUCE DROP; POPULATIONS; TRIFOLIORUM; SURVIVAL; CLONALITY; DISEASE; STEM; DIFFERENTIATION; COMMUNITIES AB Sclerotia of the soil-borne plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were collected from 1 m(2) area of the top 1.27 cm layer of soil in an alfalfa field in southeastern Washington state of the US. Out of 272 sclerotia collected, 40 were randomly selected and analyzed for genetic diversity in terms of microsatellite loci, mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) and phenotypic diversity using five phenotypic traits (fungicide sensitivity, oxalic acid production, growth rate, colony color and virulence). Sixteen microsatellite haplotypes and 15 MCGs were found among the 40 isolates. The isolates showed three colony colors (beige, dark and white) on Difco PDA and exhibited significant differences in growth rate, oxalic acid production, and sensitivity to three fungicides, benomyl, fluazinam and iprodione. However, these isolates did not show differences in their ability to colonize detached pea leaves. No apparent relationship among the neutral genetic markers and the phenotypic traits was detected. Two of the haplotypes accounted 40% of the isolates, suggesting isolates of these haplotypes might be better adapted to the environmental conditions in this alfalfa field. Several lines of evidence indicated high levels of genetic diversity and potential outcrossing within the population of S. sclerotiorum: 1) high likelihood of five genetic populations based on Bayesian probability and the presence of admixed isolates: 2) random association of alleles in every pair-wise linkage disequilibrium test among eight independent microsatellite loci; 3) discordances between microsatellite haplotypes and MCGs and 4) lack of correspondence among the genetic markers and phenotypic traits. Multilocus Index of Association test suggested that outcrossing occurs only within interbreeding subpopulations of S. sclerotiorum. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Attanayake, R. N.; Johnson, D. A.; Chen, W.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Porter, L.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Chen, W.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Attanayake, RN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rattanayake@wsu.edu; lyndon.porter@ars.usda.gov; dajohn@wsu.edu; w-chen@wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS National Sclerotinia Initiative FX We extend our gratitude to Dr. Frank Dugan of USDA - ARS for reviewing the manuscript. This research was funded in part by the USDA-ARS National Sclerotinia Initiative. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 55 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.06.002 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 013NR UT WOS:000309312600006 ER PT J AU Ebel, ED Williams, MS Golden, NJ Marks, HM AF Ebel, Eric D. Williams, Michael S. Golden, Neal J. Marks, Harry M. TI Simplified framework for predicting changes in public health from performance standards applied in slaughter establishments SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo simulation; Attribution; Screening test; Prevalence ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SALMONELLA; POULTRY; ILLNESS; PREVALENCE; PATHOGENS AB Selection of microbiologic standards for application to raw meat and poultry commodities should consider the public health benefits of such standards. This study describes a simplified framework for quantifying the public health benefits of a microbiologic performance standard. An example, based on the newly implemented Salmonella performance standard for raw broiler chicken carcasses in the United States, provides projections for annual human Salmonella illnesses avoided by industry compliance with the standard, as well as a measure of industry burden to achieve such compliance. In this example, illnesses avoided are proportional to reductions in the industry's frequency of contaminated carcasses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ebel, Eric D.; Williams, Michael S.; Golden, Neal J.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Marks, Harry M.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy & Program Dev, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mike.williams@fsis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD DEC PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.05.016 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 991HY UT WOS:000307693300010 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, Lihan TI A simplified method for numerical simulation of gas grilling of non-intact beef steaks to eliminate Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE E. coli O157:H7; Non-intact beef; Numerical analysis ID THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; O157-H7; COOKING AB The objective of this work was to develop a numerical simulation method to study the heat transfer process and inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during gas grilling of non-intact beef steaks (NIBS). A finite difference and optimization algorithm was developed to determine the effective heat transfer parameters during grilling. After validation, these parameters were used in a finite element method to simulate the temperature profiles at various locations of NIBS (2.54 cm in thickness). The computer simulation results showed that E. coli O157:H7 may survive the heating processes if normal grilling conditions for intact beef steaks were used. Computer simulation results also suggested that E. coli O157:H7 might be effectively inactivated if NIBS (2.54 cm) were evenly flipped (every 4 min) and cooked for 16 min during cooking. The result of this study may help the food service industry to develop more adequate grilling methods and conditions to cook NIBS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov FU USDA FSIS FX The author would like to thank Mr. Aaron Williams for technical assistance, and USDA FSIS for providing funding for this research. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 113 IS 3 BP 380 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.07.003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 010KW UT WOS:000309094300003 ER PT J AU Knipling, ED Keeney, D AF Knipling, E. D. Keeney, Dennis TI Creating perennial crops SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Knipling, E. D.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Keeney, Dennis] Iowa State Univ, Inst Agr & Trade Policy, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Knipling, ED (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM drkeeney@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 994FD UT WOS:000307915400001 ER PT J AU Smith, WP AF Smith, Winston P. TI Flying Squirrel Demography Varies Between Island Communities with and without Red Squirrels SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COASTAL CONIFEROUS FOREST; MAMMAL POPULATION-SIZE; TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; TAMIASCIURUS-DOUGLASII; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FIELD EXPERIMENTS AB Recent studies in Southeast Alaska suggest the ecology of Glaucomys sabrinus differs from populations in the Pacific Northwest. In Southeast Alaska, densities were the highest reported for the species, populations were not as closely linked to old-forest attributes, and individuals had a more diverse diet that was less dependent on mycophagy. Pacific Northwest communities are comprised of several arboreal rodents; Southeast Alaska has a depauperate mammal fauna. I hypothesized that Southeast Alaska populations had a broader realized niche because of competitive release. The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) is the only other arboreal squirrel and it is absent from the southern outer islands of Southeast Alaska's Alexander Archipelago. I compared demography and body mass of G. sabrinus on Prince of Wales Island to a population in sympatry with T hudsonicus on a separate island (Mitkof). Home ranges were larger and population density, breeding female density, and juvenile recruitment of G. subrinus were all lower in sympatry with T hudsonicus. In a companion study, G. sabrinus on Prince of Wales Island used cavities for denning relatively more frequently than in sympatry with T hudsonicus on Mitkof Island. Female G. sabrinus depend on cavities for natal dens, and breeding female and population densities are positively correlated with large snag or tree density. The presence of T hudsonicus may influence G. sabrinus populations by limiting availability of cavities. Furthermore, variation in vertebrate assemblages among islands may influence realized niches of resident species, which manifest unique demographic profiles compared to populations of different ecological communities. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM winstonpsmith@fs.fed.us NR 83 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 34 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2012 VL 86 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905LG UT WOS:000301273100003 ER PT J AU Breck, SW Goldstein, MI Pyare, S AF Breck, Stewart W. Goldstein, Michael I. Pyare, Sanjay TI SITE-OCCUPANCY MONITORING OF AN ECOSYSTEM INDICATOR: LINKING CHARACTERISTICS OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION TO BEAVER OCCURRENCE SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Establishment of sampling frameworks to monitor the occurrence of ecological indicators and to identify the covariates that influence occurrence is a high-priority need for natural resource restoration and management efforts. We utilized occupancy modeling to identify patterns of beaver occurrence and factors influencing these patterns (i.e., type and amount of vegetation cover) in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River ecosystem. We used rafts and kayaks to access a stratified random sample of sites (i.e., 100-m-long sections of riverbank) and used repeated sampling procedures to sample for beaver sign (i.e., lodges, cuttings, tracks, and beaver sightings). We quantified the type and amount of vegetation cover at each sampled section by using a GIS database of remotely sensed information on the riparian vegetation in the Grand Canyon. We first modeled occurrence of beaver sign as a function of the total amount of vegetation cover (summed across classes) and then determined the relative importance score for each of the 7 vegetation classes. Detection probability (p) was 2 times higher when observers traveled in kayaks (0.61) than when they traveled in rafts (0.29). Occurrence of beaver sign (psi) in sampled transects was widespread throughout the Grand Canyon (psi = 0.74, SE = 0.06) and positively associated with total vegetation. The relative importance scores for Tamarix and Pluchea vegetation classes were 1.5-2.5 times larger than those for all other vegetation classes, indicating that occurrence of beaver sign was most strongly associated with the cover of these 2 vegetation classes. Our results imply that quantifying the amount of riparian vegetation in close proximity to a river helps determine the occurrence of an important ecological indicator in riparian systems. The results also demonstrate a useful and cost-effective method for monitoring riverine species' usage patterns by explicitly accounting for detectability. C1 [Breck, Stewart W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Goldstein, Michael I.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Alaska Coastal Rainforest Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Pyare, Sanjay] Univ Alaska Southeast, Spatial Ecosyst Anal Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Breck, SW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM stewart.w.breck@aphis.usda.gov FU Remote Wilderness Research and Gotta Wanna Expeditions FX This study was supported and funded by Remote Wilderness Research and Gotta Wanna Expeditions. We thank B. Ralston for providing the GIS vegetation layers and P. Doherty for statistical advice. M. Bhuthimethee, N. Catterson, K. McCoy, L. Fitzgerald, D. Kellett, and T. Kellett helped conduct surveys, and the Pratt family, P. Ressler, A. Corcoran, L. Angel, S. Schubert, J. Vier, and M. Campbell assisted with logistics. We thank S. Mortenson, P. Weisberg, and 2 anonymous reviewers for providing advice. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2012 VL 72 IS 4 BP 432 EP 441 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JI UT WOS:000209014700002 ER PT J AU Welsh, SL Goodrich, S AF Welsh, Stanley L. Goodrich, Sherel TI NEW PLANTS FROM MOFFAT AND RIO BLANCO COUNTIES, COLORADO SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Described as new from Moffat and adjacent Rio Blanco counties, Colorado, are 4 taxa: Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas) Britton var. linearifolius S. L. Welsh & S. Goodrich, var. nov.; Erigeron nematophylloides S. L. Welsh & A. Huber, sp. nov.; Lepidium montanum Nuttall var. diffusum S. L. Welsh & S. Goodrich, var. nov.; and Iva axillaris Pursh var. parvifolia S. L. Welsh & A. Huber, var. nov. C1 [Welsh, Stanley L.] Brigham Young Univ, Stanley L Welsh Herbarium, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Goodrich, Sherel] US Forest Serv, USDA, Vernal, UT USA. RP Welsh, SL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Stanley L Welsh Herbarium, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM slslwelsh@aol.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2012 VL 72 IS 4 BP 442 EP 446 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JI UT WOS:000209014700003 ER PT J AU Evans, LS Citta, A Sanderson, SC AF Evans, Lance S. Citta, Angela Sanderson, Stewart C. TI FLOWERING BRANCHES CAUSE INJURIES TO SECOND-YEAR MAIN STEMS OF ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA NUTT. SUBSPECIES TRIDENTATA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Eccentricity of stems of Artemisia tridentata Nutt. (big sagebrush) has been reported previously. Analysis of samples observed over 2 years documented that each stem terminal produces about 8-10 branches each year, and during second-year growth, 3-8 of these develop into short, flowering, determinate branches. Each flowering branch produces hundreds of seeds and then dies at the end of the season, while the other vegetative branches persist. However, growth of the determinate flowering branches causes the death of vascular cambium surrounding their attachment points on the main stem. This death then results in the observed eccentric growth of the stem. In a separate experiment, when presumptive flowering branches were removed prior to elongation, the vascular cambium of the stem was not destroyed, and no eccentric growth occurred. Since the vascular cambium is responsible for continued wood production, the effect of these areas of cambial death is amplified during subsequent years and leads to weak stem segments and possibly to limitations on overall growth. Nevertheless, in spite of these negative side effects, flowering stem growth provides for ample seed production year after year. This peculiar eccentric growth phenomenon, coupled with the anomalous interxylary cork that has also been reported for Artemisia tridentata, supports the idea that this and related species are descended from an herbaceous ancestry and have therefore evolved their rather imperfect woodiness secondarily. C1 [Evans, Lance S.; Citta, Angela] Manhattan Coll, Dept Biol, Lab Plant Morphogenesis, Bronx, NY 10471 USA. [Sanderson, Stewart C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Evans, LS (reprint author), Manhattan Coll, Dept Biol, Lab Plant Morphogenesis, Bronx, NY 10471 USA. EM lance.evans@manhattan.edu FU Catherine and Robert Fenton Endowed Chair FX We are grateful for the Catherine and Robert Fenton Endowed Chair to LSE for financial support for the research. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2012 VL 72 IS 4 BP 447 EP 456 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JI UT WOS:000209014700004 ER PT J AU DeWoody, J Lindstrand, L Hipkins, VD Nelson, JK AF DeWoody, Jennifer Lindstrand, Len, III Hipkins, Valerie D. Nelson, Julie Kierstead TI POPULATION GENETICS OF NEVIUSIA CLIFTONII (SHASTA SNOW-WREATH): PATTERNS OF DIVERSITY IN A RARE ENDEMIC SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Neviusia cliftonii (Rosaceae), the Shasta snow-wreath, is an endemic shrub found in the vicinity of Shasta Lake, Shasta County, California. First described 20 years ago, the species is of conservation concern due to its restricted range, a low number of known populations, and the potential impacts on or threats to many of these populations. To assess the genetic structure of N. cliftonii, 21 of the 23 known populations were sampled for isozyme analysis. Genetic and multivariate analyses were used to assess levels of genet (genotypic) diversity, allelic variation, and population differentiation. When assessed at 17 loci, a total of 48 multilocus genotypes were identified in the collection of 410 samples, indicating N. cliftonii is capable of significant vegetative reproduction. Five populations were composed of a single genet each, with an average of 3.14 genets per population and a maximum of 15 genets in a single population. Allelic diversity was low, with a maximum of 3 alleles observed at one locus. Populations were differentiated, with 85% of the allele frequency variance distributed among populations. Multivariate analysis identified 3 clusters of genetically similar populations: one cluster composed of 15 populations, a second cluster composed of 5 populations, and one population being distinct. Individuals from the distinct population displayed unique alleles at 2 loci (AAT-1 and AAT-2). The distribution of populations among clusters did not correspond to geographic (watershed) or substrate classifications, indicating that additional, unmeasured factors may influence the genetic structure of this species. C1 [DeWoody, Jennifer; Hipkins, Valerie D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Forest Genet Lab, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Lindstrand, Len, III] North State Resources Inc, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Nelson, Julie Kierstead] US Forest Serv, USDA, Shasta Trinity Natl Forest, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP DeWoody, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Forest Genet Lab, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. EM jdewoody@yahoo.com RI DeWoody, James/C-4909-2008 OI DeWoody, James/0000-0002-7315-5631 FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Mid-Pacific Region office FX J. Mello, R. Hernandez, and R. Hanson conducted laboratory analyses. M. Goolsby provided assistance with ArcGIS. We thank the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Mid-Pacific Region office for their support. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2012 VL 72 IS 4 BP 457 EP 472 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JI UT WOS:000209014700005 ER PT J AU Cane, JH Love, B Swoboda, K AF Cane, James H. Love, Byron Swoboda, Katharine TI BREEDING BIOLOGY AND BEE GUILD OF DOUGLAS' DUSTYMAIDEN, CHAENACTIS DOUGLASII (ASTERACEAE, HELENIEAE) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Douglas' dustymaiden, Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn., is a widespread, inconspicuous, short-lived perennial wildflower that blooms in early summer and is found in basin sagesteppe to upper montane areas throughout the U. S. Intermountain West. The species is proving practical to grow for seed and is expected to be used for western rangeland rehabilitation. Through manual pollination experiments, C. douglasii was found to be only weakly self-fertile; 15% of flowers from geitonogamy and autogamy treatments yielded filled achenes. In contrast, 57% of out-crossed flowers produced achenes filled with endosperm, with every capitulum yielding some fertile seeds. Freely visited flowers from a wild population produced 91% fertile achenes, indicating that seed production was not pollinator limited. Floral visitors to C. douglasii were sparse, consisting entirely of bees, most of them floral generalists. Museum specimens of bees taken at C. douglasii and 3 closely related congenerics comprise 175 species in 39 genera and all 6 North American bee families. A population of the manageable mesolectic cavity-nesting bee, Osmia californica, when released at one sagesteppe site, provisioned its cells primarily with pale, spiny pollen resembling that of the C. douglasii growing at the site. This bee and the honey bee appear most promising for pollinating dustymaiden that is being farmed for seed. C1 [Cane, James H.; Love, Byron; Swoboda, Katharine] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pollinating Insect Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pollinating Insect Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jim.cane@ars.usda.gov FU Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project through the USDI-BLM Great Basin Restoration Initiative; USDA-FS Rocky Mountain Research Station FX Seth Nafziger assisted with the manual pollinations and seed processing. Research was funded by the Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project funded through the USDI-BLM Great Basin Restoration Initiative and the USDA-FS Rocky Mountain Research Station. We are grateful to Drs. Nancy Shaw and Derek Tilley for detailed, constructive reviews. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2012 VL 72 IS 4 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JI UT WOS:000209014700012 ER PT J AU Bao, ZM Cartinhour, S Swingle, B AF Bao, Zhongmeng Cartinhour, Sam Swingle, Bryan TI Substrate and Target Sequence Length Influence RecTE(Psy) Recombineering Efficiency in Pseudomonas syringae SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; GENOME SEQUENCE; MEDIATED RECOMBINATION; BETA-PROTEIN; DNA; MUTAGENESIS; EVOLUTION; PATHOGEN; IDENTIFICATION AB We are developing a new recombineering system to assist experimental manipulation of the Pseudomonas syringae genome. P. syringae is a globally dispersed plant pathogen and an important model species used to study the molecular biology of bacteria-plant interactions. We previously identified orthologs of the lambda Red bet/exo and Rac recET genes in P. syringae and confirmed that they function in recombineering using ssDNA and dsDNA substrates. Here we investigate the properties of dsDNA substrates more closely to determine how they influence recombineering efficiency. We find that the length of flanking homologies and length of the sequences being inserted or deleted have a large effect on RecTE(Psy) mediated recombination efficiency. These results provide information about the design elements that should be considered when using recombineering. C1 [Bao, Zhongmeng; Cartinhour, Sam; Swingle, Bryan] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cartinhour, Sam; Swingle, Bryan] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Swingle, B (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Bryan.Swingle@ars.usda.gov FU U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX This research was supported by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e50617 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0050617 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 054WM UT WOS:000312376100144 PM 23226333 ER PT J AU Stanton, JB Schneider, DA Dinkel, KD Balmer, BF Baszler, TV Mathison, BA Boykin, DW Kumar, A AF Stanton, James B. Schneider, David A. Dinkel, Kelcey D. Balmer, Bethany F. Baszler, Timothy V. Mathison, Bruce A. Boykin, David W. Kumar, Arvind TI Discovery of a Novel, Monocationic, Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Scrapie Prion Accumulation in Cultured Sheep Microglia and Rov Cells SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; INCUBATION PERIOD; CONGO RED; INFECTED HAMSTERS; PROTEIN-FORMATION; AMPHOTERICIN-B; PHOSPHOROTHIOATE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; BRANCHED POLYAMINES; PRPSC ACCUMULATION AB Prion diseases, including sheep scrapie, are neurodegenerative diseases with the fundamental pathogenesis involving conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) to disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc). Chemical inhibition of prion accumulation is widely investigated, often using rodent-adapted prion cell culture models. Using a PrPSc-specific ELISA we discovered a monocationic phenyl-furan-benzimidazole (DB772), which has previously demonstrated anti-pestiviral activity and represents a chemical category previously untested for anti-prion activity, that inhibited PrPSc accumulation and prion infectivity in primary sheep microglial cell cultures (PRNP 136VV/154RR/171QQ) and Rov9 cultures (VRQ-ovinized RK13 cells). We investigated potential mechanisms of this anti-prion activity by evaluating PrPC expression with quantitative RT-PCR and PrP ELISA, comparing the concentration-dependent anti-prion and anti-pestiviral effects of DB772, and determining the selectivity index. Results demonstrate at least an approximate two-log inhibition of PrPSc accumulation in the two cell systems and confirmed that the inhibition of PrPSc accumulation correlates with inhibition of prion infectivity. PRNP transcripts and total PrP protein concentrations within cell lysates were not decreased; thus, decreased PrPC expression is not the mechanism of PrPSc inhibition. PrPSc accumulation was multiple logs more resistant than pestivirus to DB772, suggesting that the anti-PrPSc activity was independent of anti-pestivirus activity. The anti-PrPSc selectivity index in cell culture was approximately 4.6 in microglia and 5.5 in Rov9 cells. The results describe a new chemical category that inhibits ovine PrPSc accumulation in primary sheep microglia and Rov9 cells, and can be used for future studies into the treatment and mechanism of prion diseases. C1 [Stanton, James B.; Dinkel, Kelcey D.; Balmer, Bethany F.; Baszler, Timothy V.; Mathison, Bruce A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schneider, David A.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. [Boykin, David W.; Kumar, Arvind] Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Stanton, JB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jstanton@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010; Stanton, James/A-5277-2011 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731; Stanton, James/0000-0002-7661-2631 FU United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-5348-7-577]; Washington State University New Faculty Seed Grant; National Institutes of Health [AI064200] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-5348-7-577, the Washington State University New Faculty Seed Grant, and National Institutes of Health AI064200. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e51173 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0051173 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 054WM UT WOS:000312376100294 PM 23226483 ER PT J AU Oh, MH Wu, X Kim, HS Harper, JF Zielinski, RE Clouse, SD Huber, SC AF Oh, Man-Ho Wu, Xia Kim, Hyoung Seok Harper, Jeffrey F. Zielinski, Raymond E. Clouse, Steven D. Huber, Steven C. TI CDPKs are dual-specificity protein kinases and tyrosine autophosphorylation attenuates kinase activity SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Calcium-dependent protein kinase; Tyrosine autophosphorylation; Site-directed mutagenesis; Calcium signaling; Peptide kinase activity ID REGULATORY PHOSPHORYLATION SITE; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; CALCIUM; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANT; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; SUPERFAMILY; RESIDUES; SYNTHASE AB Although calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs or CPKs) are classified as serine/threonine protein kinases, autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues was observed for soybean CDPK beta and several Arabidopsis isoforms (AtCPK4 and AtCPK34). We identified Ser-8, Thr-17, Tyr-24 (in the kinase domain), Ser-304, and Ser-358 as autophosphorylation sites of His(6)-GmCDPK beta. Overall autophosphorylation increased kinase activity with synthetic peptides, but autophosphorylation of Tyr-24 appears to attenuate kinase activity based on studies with the Y24F directed mutant. While much remains to be done, it is clear that several CDPKs are dual-specificity kinases, which raises the possibility that phosphotyrosine signaling may play a role in Ca2+/CDPK-mediated processes. C1 [Oh, Man-Ho; Wu, Xia; Kim, Hyoung Seok; Zielinski, Raymond E.; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Harper, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Clouse, Steven D.] NC State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Huber, Steven C.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 1201 W Gregory Dr,197 ERML, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@illinois.edu RI Wu, Xia/J-8690-2014 OI Wu, Xia/0000-0002-0024-4481 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-1022177, MCB-0740211, MCB-1021363, MCB-0920624]; US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (IOS-1022177, MCB-0740211, MCB-1021363 and MCB-0920624) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS). NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 586 IS 23 BP 4070 EP 4075 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.09.040 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 040TF UT WOS:000311346100002 PM 23079037 ER PT J AU Cook, DE Lee, TG Guo, XL Melito, S Wang, K Bayless, AM Wang, JP Hughes, TJ Willis, DK Clemente, TE Diers, BW Jiang, JM Hudson, ME Bent, AF AF Cook, David E. Lee, Tong Geon Guo, Xiaoli Melito, Sara Wang, Kai Bayless, Adam M. Wang, Jianping Hughes, Teresa J. Willis, David K. Clemente, Thomas E. Diers, Brian W. Jiang, Jiming Hudson, Matthew E. Bent, Andrew F. TI Copy Number Variation of Multiple Genes at Rhg1 Mediates Nematode Resistance in Soybean SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CYST-NEMATODE; PLANT-PATHOGEN; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; CLUSTERS; GENOME; ROOTS; RNAS AB The rhg1-b allele of soybean is widely used for resistance against soybean cyst nematode (SCN), the most economically damaging pathogen of soybeans in the United States. Gene silencing showed that genes in a 31-kilobase segment at rhg1-b, encoding an amino acid transporter, an a-SNAP protein, and a WI12 (wound-inducible domain) protein, each contribute to resistance. There is one copy of the 31-kilobase segment per haploid genome in susceptible varieties, but 10 tandem copies are present in an rhg1-b haplotype. Overexpression of the individual genes in roots was ineffective, but overexpression of the genes together conferred enhanced SCN resistance. Hence, SCN resistance mediated by the soybean quantitative trait locus Rhg1 is conferred by copy number variation that increases the expression of a set of dissimilar genes in a repeated multigene segment. C1 [Cook, David E.; Guo, Xiaoli; Melito, Sara; Bayless, Adam M.; Hughes, Teresa J.; Bent, Andrew F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lee, Tong Geon; Wang, Jianping; Diers, Brian W.; Hudson, Matthew E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wang, Kai; Jiang, Jiming] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Willis, David K.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Willis, David K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Clemente, Thomas E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Hudson, Matthew E.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bent, AF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM afbent@wisc.edu RI Hudson, Matthew/A-4438-2008; Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009; Wang, Kai/A-2143-2011; Lee, Tong Geon/H-1812-2014; Bent, Andrew/E-5391-2016 OI Hudson, Matthew/0000-0002-4737-0936; Wang, Kai/0000-0002-1074-0438; Lee, Tong Geon/0000-0003-1672-4356; Bent, Andrew/0000-0001-6610-9525 FU United Soybean Board; USDA CSREES; Illinois Soybean Association; NSF [DBI-0922703]; Wisconsin Experiment Station Hatch Award; Pioneer Fellowship in Plant Pathology; American Phytopathological Society FX Supported by the United Soybean Board (A.F.B.), USDA CSREES (M.E.H.), Illinois Soybean Association (M.E.H. and B.W.D.), NSF grant DBI-0922703 (J.J.), Wisconsin Experiment Station Hatch Award (A.F.B.), and the Pioneer Fellowship in Plant Pathology awarded to D.E.C. by the American Phytopathological Society through a gift from Pioneer Hi-Bred. We thank A. E. MacGuidwin for suggestions regarding SCN experiments and J. M. Palmer for assistance with RNA blots. DNA sequence data are available at NCBI GenBank under accession codes JX907804 to JX907808 and at the NCBI Short Read Archive, study no. SRA059285. A.F.B., M.E.H., B.W.D., D.E.C., T.G.L., X.G., S.M., T.J.H., and J.W. are listed as inventors on a provisional patent application filed by Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation that covers the findings reported herein. NR 31 TC 143 Z9 162 U1 4 U2 150 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6111 BP 1206 EP 1209 DI 10.1126/science.1228746 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 045AL UT WOS:000311666200045 PM 23065905 ER PT J AU Reba, ML Pomeroy, J Marks, D Link, TE AF Reba, Michele L. Pomeroy, John Marks, Danny Link, Timothy E. TI Estimating surface sublimation losses from snowpacks in a mountain catchment using eddy covariance and turbulent transfer calculations SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE eddy covariance; snow; sublimation ID BALANCE SNOWMELT MODEL; COVER ENERGY-BALANCE; LATENT-HEAT FLUXES; RAIN-ON-SNOW; BLOWING-SNOW; SOLAR-RADIATION; UNITED-STATES; LONGWAVE RADIATION; MOISTURE FLUXES; SIERRA-NEVADA AB Sublimation is a critical component of the snow cover mass balance. Although sublimation can be directly measured using eddy covariance (EC), such measurements are relatively uncommon in complex mountainous environments. The EC measurements of surface snowpack sublimation from three consecutive winter seasons (2004, 2005 and 2006) at a wind-exposed and wind-sheltered site were analysed to characterise sublimation in mountainous terrain. During the 2006 snow season, snow surface and near-surface air temperature, humidity and wind were also measured, permitting the calculation of sublimation rates and a comparison with EC measurements. This comparison showed that measured and simulated sublimation was very similar at the exposed site but less so at the sheltered site. Wind speeds at the exposed site were nearly four times than that at the sheltered site, and the exposed site yielded measured sublimation that was two times the magnitude of that at the sheltered site. The time variation of measured sublimation showed diurnal increases in the early afternoon and increased rates overall as the snow season progressed. Measured mean daily sublimation rates were 0.39 and 0.15?mm?day-1 at the exposed and sheltered sites, respectively. At the exposed site, measured sublimation accounted for 16% and 41% of the maximum snow accumulation in 2006 and 2005, respectively. At the sheltered site, measured seasonal sublimation was approximately 4% in 2004 and 2006 and 8% in 2005 of the maximum snow water equivalent. Simulated sublimation was only available for 2006 and suggested smaller but comparable percentages to the sublimation estimated from observations. At the exposed site, a total of 42?mm sublimated for the snow season, which constituted 12% of the maximum accumulation. At the sheltered site, 17?mm (2.2% of maximum accumulation) was sublimated over the snow season. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Reba, Michele L.] ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Jonesboro, AR USA. [Pomeroy, John] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Marks, Danny] ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Link, Timothy E.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Reba, ML (reprint author), ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Jonesboro, AR USA. EM michele.reba@ars.usda.gov RI Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013 OI Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; University of Idaho; DeVlieg Foundation; IP3 Network; NSF EPSCoR FX Funding from the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, the University of Idaho, the DeVlieg Foundation, the IP3 Network and the NSF EPSCoR made this research possible. Field assistance from Zane Cram and Ron Hartzman and data support from Dean Vickers, Russell Scott and Steve Van Vactor are greatly appreciated. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 29 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 24 BP 3699 EP 3711 DI 10.1002/hyp.8372 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 041FA UT WOS:000311381800008 ER PT J AU Brenchley, R Spannagl, M Pfeifer, M Barker, GLA D'Amore, R Allen, AM McKenzie, N Kramer, M Kerhornou, A Bolser, D Kay, S Waite, D Trick, M Bancroft, I Gu, Y Huo, N Luo, MC Sehgal, S Gill, B Kianian, S Anderson, O Kersey, P Dvorak, J McCombie, WR Hall, A Mayer, KFX Edwards, KJ Bevan, MW Hall, N AF Brenchley, Rachel Spannagl, Manuel Pfeifer, Matthias Barker, Gary L. A. D'Amore, Rosalinda Allen, Alexandra M. McKenzie, Neil Kramer, Melissa Kerhornou, Arnaud Bolser, Dan Kay, Suzanne Waite, Darren Trick, Martin Bancroft, Ian Gu, Yong Huo, Naxin Luo, Ming-Cheng Sehgal, Sunish Gill, Bikram Kianian, Sharyar Anderson, Olin Kersey, Paul Dvorak, Jan McCombie, W. Richard Hall, Anthony Mayer, Klaus F. X. Edwards, Keith J. Bevan, Michael W. Hall, Neil TI Analysis of the breadwheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HEXAPLOID WHEAT; BRACHYPODIUM-DISTACHYON; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; GENE; EVOLUTION; MAIZE; DIVERSITY; TRITICUM; MAP; IDENTIFICATION AB Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally important crop, accounting for 20 per cent of the calories consumed by humans. Major efforts are underway worldwide to increase wheat production by extending genetic diversity and analysing key traits, and genomic resources can accelerate progress. But so far the very large size and polyploid complexity of the bread wheat genome have been substantial barriers to genome analysis. Here we report the sequencing of its large, 17-gigabase-pair, hexaploid genome using 454 pyrosequencing, and comparison of this with the sequences of diploid ancestral and progenitor genomes. We identified between 94,000 and 96,000 genes, and assigned two-thirds to the three component genomes (A, B and D) of hexaploid wheat. High-resolution synteny maps identified many small disruptions to conserved gene order. We show that the hexaploid genome is highly dynamic, with significant loss of gene family members on polyploidization and domestication, and an abundance of gene fragments. Several classes of genes involved in energy harvesting, metabolism and growth are among expanded gene families that could be associated with crop productivity. Our analyses, coupled with the identification of extensive genetic variation, provide a resource for accelerating gene discovery and improving this major crop. C1 [McKenzie, Neil; Waite, Darren; Trick, Martin; Bancroft, Ian; Bevan, Michael W.] John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Brenchley, Rachel; D'Amore, Rosalinda; Kay, Suzanne; Hall, Anthony; Hall, Neil] Univ Liverpool, Ctr Genome Res, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. [Spannagl, Manuel; Pfeifer, Matthias; Mayer, Klaus F. X.] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, MIPS IBIS, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Barker, Gary L. A.; Allen, Alexandra M.; Edwards, Keith J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England. [Kramer, Melissa; McCombie, W. Richard] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Kerhornou, Arnaud; Bolser, Dan; Kersey, Paul] European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [Gu, Yong; Huo, Naxin; Anderson, Olin] USDA, Western Reg Lab, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Luo, Ming-Cheng; Dvorak, Jan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sehgal, Sunish; Gill, Bikram] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kianian, Sharyar] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58018 USA. RP Bevan, MW (reprint author), John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. EM Anthony.Hall@liverpool.ac.uk; k.mayer@helmholtz-muenchen.de; k.j.edwards@bristol.ac.uk; michael.bevan@jic.ac.uk; Neil.Hall@liverpool.ac.uk RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Hall, Neil/A-8717-2013; Hall, Anthony/D-2844-2009; Mayer, Klaus/M-7941-2015; OI Hall, Neil/0000-0002-7995-3810; Mayer, Klaus/0000-0001-6484-1077; Kerhornou, Arnaud/0000-0002-2890-295X; Bolser, Dan/0000-0002-3991-0859; Bancroft, Ian/0000-0001-7707-1171; Hall, Anthony/0000-0002-1806-020X; McCombie, W. Richard/0000-0003-1899-0682; Hall, Neil/0000-0003-2808-0009; Kersey, Paul/0000-0002-7054-800X FU UK Biological and Biotechnological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/G012865, BB/G013985/1, BB/G013004/1]; Wolfson Merit Award from the Royal Society; BBSRC Strategic Programme [B/J004588/1]; EC TriticeaeGenome grant [212019]; TRITEX Project of the Plant20130 Initiative of the German Ministry of Education and Research grant [0315954C]; EC Transplant Grant [283496]; BBSRC Career Development Fellowship [BB/H022333/1]; US NSF [IOS-1032105, DBI-0923128, DBI-0701916, DBI-0822100]; USDA-NIFA [2008-35300-04588] FX DNA sequence was generated by The University of Liverpool Centre for Genomic Research (United Kingdom), 454 Life Sciences (United States), The Cold Spring Harbor Woodbury Genome Centre (United States) and The Genome Analysis Centre (United Kingdom). This work was supported by UK Biological and Biotechnological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) grants BB/G012865, BB/G013985/1 and BB/G013004/1, to K.J.E., M.W.B. and N. Hall; a Wolfson Merit Award from the Royal Society, to N. Hall; BBSRC Strategic Programme grant B/J004588/1 (GRO), to M.W.B.; EC TriticeaeGenome grant number 212019, to K.F.X.M. and M.W.B.; The TRITEX Project of the Plant20130 Initiative of the German Ministry of Education and Research grant number 0315954C, to K.F.X.M.; EC Transplant Grant 283496, to K.F.X.M. and P.K., a BBSRC Career Development Fellowship BB/H022333/1, to A.H., US NSF grants IOS-1032105 and DBI-0923128, to W.R.M.; USDA-NIFA grant 2008-35300-04588, to B.G.; and US NSF grants DBI-0701916, to J.D., and DBI-0822100, to S. Kianian. NR 42 TC 402 Z9 435 U1 38 U2 271 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 29 PY 2012 VL 491 IS 7426 BP 705 EP 710 DI 10.1038/nature11650 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 044FY UT WOS:000311606000034 PM 23192148 ER PT J AU Mayer, KFX Waugh, R Langridge, P Close, TJ Wise, RP Graner, A Matsumoto, T Sato, K Schulman, A Muehlbauer, GJ Stein, N Ariyadasa, R Schulte, D Poursarebani, N Zhou, RN Steuernagel, B Mascher, M Scholz, U Shi, BJ Langridge, P Madishetty, K Svensson, JT Bhat, P Moscou, M Resnik, J Close, TJ Muehlbauer, GJ Hedley, P Liu, H Morris, J Waugh, R Frenkel, Z Korol, A Berges, H Graner, A Stein, N Steuernagel, B Taudien, S Groth, M Felder, M Lonardi, S Duma, D Alpert, M Cordero, F Beccuti, M Ciardo, G Ma, Y Wanamaker, S Stein, N Close, TJ Platzer, M Brown, JWS Schulman, A Platzer, M Fincher, GB Muehlbauer, GJ Sato, K Taudien, S Sampath, D Swarbreck, D Scalabrin, S Zuccolo, A Vendramin, V Morgante, M Schulman, A AF Mayer, Klaus F. X. Waugh, Robbie Langridge, Peter Close, Timothy J. Wise, Roger P. Graner, Andreas Matsumoto, Takashi Sato, Kazuhiro Schulman, Alan Muehlbauer, Gary J. Stein, Nils Ariyadasa, Ruvini Schulte, Daniela Poursarebani, Naser Zhou, Ruonan Steuernagel, Burkhard Mascher, Martin Scholz, Uwe Shi, Bujun Langridge, Peter Madishetty, Kavitha Svensson, Jan T. Bhat, Prasanna Moscou, Matthew Resnik, Josh Close, Timothy J. Muehlbauer, Gary J. Hedley, Pete Liu, Hui Morris, Jenny Waugh, Robbie Frenkel, Zeev Korol, Avraham Berges, Helene Graner, Andreas Stein, Nils Steuernagel, Burkhard Taudien, Stefan Groth, Marco Felder, Marius Lonardi, Stefano Duma, Denisa Alpert, Matthew Cordero, Francesa Beccuti, Marco Ciardo, Gianfranco Ma, Yaqin Wanamaker, Steve Stein, Nils Close, Timothy J. Platzer, Matthias Brown, John W. S. Schulman, Alan Platzer, Matthias Fincher, Geoffrey B. Muehlbauer, Gary J. Sato, Kazuhiro Taudien, Stefan Sampath, Dharanya Swarbreck, David Scalabrin, Simone Zuccolo, Andrea Vendramin, Vera Morgante, Michele Schulman, Alan CA Int Barley Genome Sequencing Conso TI A physical, genetic and functional sequence assembly of the barley genome SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA DECAY; MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; NONCODING RNAS; EVOLUTION; MAP; EXPRESSION; RICE; ARABIDOPSIS; REVEALS AB Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is among the world's earliest domesticated and most important crop plants. It is diploid with a large haploid genome of 5.1 gigabases (Gb). Here we present an integrated and ordered physical, genetic and functional sequence resource that describes the barley gene-space in a structured whole-genome context. We developed a physical map of 4.98 Gb, with more than 3.90 Gb anchored to a high-resolution genetic map. Projecting a deep whole-genome shotgun assembly, complementary DNA and deep RNA sequence data onto this framework supports 79,379 transcript clusters, including 26,159 'high-confidence' genes with homology support from other plant genomes. Abundant alternative splicing, premature termination codons and novel transcriptionally active regions suggest that post-transcriptional processing forms an important regulatory layer. Survey sequences from diverse accessions reveal a landscape of extensive single-nucleotide variation. Our data provide a platform for both genome-assisted research and enabling contemporary crop improvement. C1 [Mayer, Klaus F. X.] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, MIPS IBIS, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Waugh, Robbie; Hedley, Pete; Liu, Hui; Morris, Jenny; Waugh, Robbie] James Hutton Inst, Dundee DD2 5DE, Scotland. [Langridge, Peter; Langridge, Peter] Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Plant Funct Genom, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Graner, Andreas; Stein, Nils; Ariyadasa, Ruvini; Schulte, Daniela; Poursarebani, Naser; Zhou, Ruonan; Steuernagel, Burkhard; Mascher, Martin; Scholz, Uwe; Graner, Andreas; Stein, Nils; Steuernagel, Burkhard] Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, D-06466 Seeland Ot Gatersleben, Germany. [Matsumoto, Takashi] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Sato, Kazuhiro] Okayama Univ, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100046, Japan. [Schulman, Alan] Univ Helsinki, MTT Agrifood Res, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Schulman, Alan] Univ Helsinki, Inst Biotechnol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Frenkel, Zeev; Korol, Avraham] Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. [Close, Timothy J.; Madishetty, Kavitha; Svensson, Jan T.; Bhat, Prasanna; Moscou, Matthew; Resnik, Josh; Close, Timothy J.; Close, Timothy J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Berges, Helene] INRA CNRGV, Auzeville, France. [Taudien, Stefan; Groth, Marco; Felder, Marius; Platzer, Matthias; Platzer, Matthias; Taudien, Stefan] Fritz Lipmann Inst, Leibniz Inst Age Res, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Lonardi, Stefano; Duma, Denisa; Alpert, Matthew; Cordero, Francesa; Beccuti, Marco; Ciardo, Gianfranco; Ma, Yaqin] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Scalabrin, Simone; Zuccolo, Andrea] Ist Genom Applicata, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Vendramin, Vera; Morgante, Michele] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Sci Agr & Ambientali, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Sampath, Dharanya; Swarbreck, David] Genome Anal Ctr, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Brown, John W. S.] Univ Dundee, James Hutton Inst, Div Plant Sci, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Fincher, Geoffrey B.] Univ Adelaide, ARC Ctr Excellence Plant Cell Walls, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Dept Comp Sci, I-10149 Turin, Italy. RP Mayer, KFX (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, MIPS IBIS, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM k.mayer@helmholtz-muenchen.de; Robbie.Waugh@hutton.ac.uk; stein@ipk-gatersleben.de RI Schulman, Alan/A-9322-2011; Bayer, Micha/F-2255-2013; Langridge, Peter/G-5864-2010; Mayer, Klaus/M-7941-2015; Moscou, Matthew/D-5266-2011; OI Beccuti, Marco/0000-0001-6125-9460; Scholz, Uwe/0000-0001-6113-3518; Cordero, Francesca/0000-0002-3143-3330; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226; Schulman, Alan/0000-0002-4126-6177; Langridge, Peter/0000-0001-9494-400X; Mayer, Klaus/0000-0001-6484-1077; Moscou, Matthew/0000-0003-2098-6818; Steuernagel, Burkhard/0000-0002-8284-7728; Schmutzer, Thomas/0000-0003-1073-6719; Poland, Jesse/0000-0002-7856-1399 FU German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [0314000]; Leibniz Association; European project of the 7th framework programme "TriticeaeGenome"; Austrian Wissenschaftsfond (FWF) [SFB F3705]; ERA-NET PG project "BARCODE"; Scottish Government/BBSRC [BB/100663X/1]; National Science Foundation [DBI 0321756, DBI-1062301]; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Plant Genome, Genetics and Breeding Program of USDA-CSREES-NIFA [2009-65300-05645]; BRAIN and NBRP-Japan; Japanese MAFF [TRG1008] FX This work has been supported from the following funding sources: German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) grant 0314000 "BARLEX" to K.F.X.M., M.P., U.S. and N.S.; Leibniz Association grant (Pakt f. Forschung und Innovation) to N.S.; European project of the 7th framework programme "TriticeaeGenome" to R.W., A.S., K.F.X.M., M.M. and N.S.; SFB F3705, of the Austrian Wissenschaftsfond (FWF) to K.F.X.M.; ERA-NET PG project "BARCODE" grant to M.M., N.S. and R.W.; Scottish Government/BBSRC grant BB/100663X/1 to R.W., D.M., P.H., J.R., M.C. and P.K.; National Science Foundation grant DBI 0321756 "Coupling EST and Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Resources to Access the Barley Genome" and DBI-1062301 "Barcoding-Free Multiplexing: Leveraging Combinatorial Pooling for High-Throughput Sequencing" to T.J.C. and S.L.; USDA-CSREES-NRI grant 2006-55606-16722 "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement" to G.J.M., R.P.W., T.J.C. and S.L.; the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Plant Genome, Genetics and Breeding Program of USDA-CSREES-NIFA grant 2009-65300-05645 "Advancing the Barley Genome" to T.J.C., S.L. and G.J.M.; BRAIN and NBRP-Japan grants to K.S., Japanese MAFF Grant (TRG1008) to T.M. A full list of acknowledgements is in the Supplementary Information. NR 65 TC 276 Z9 285 U1 14 U2 287 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 29 PY 2012 VL 491 IS 7426 BP 711 EP + DI 10.1038/nature11543 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 044FY UT WOS:000311606000035 ER PT J AU Chen, F Crow, WT Holmes, TRH AF Chen, Fan Crow, Wade T. Holmes, Thomas R. H. TI Improving long-term, retrospective precipitation datasets using satellite-based surface soil moisture retrievals and the Soil Moisture Analysis Rainfall Tool SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remotely sensed surface soil moisture; Kalman filter; global precipitation dataset ID NCEP-NCAR REANALYSIS AB Using historical satellite surface soil moisture products, the Soil Moisture Analysis Rainfall Tool (SMART) is applied to improve the submonthly scale accuracy of a multi-decadal global daily rainfall product that has been bias-corrected to match the monthly totals of available rain gauge observations. In order to adapt to the irregular retrieval frequency of heritage soil moisture products, a new variable correction window method is developed that allows for better efficiency in leveraging temporally sparse satellite soil moisture retrievals. Results confirm the advantage of using this variable window method relative to an existing fixed-window version of SMART over a range of one-to 30-day accumulation periods. Using this modified version of SMART and heritage satellite surface soil moisture products, a 1.0-deg, 20-year (1979 to 1998) global rainfall dataset over land is corrected and validated. Relative to the original precipitation product, the corrected dataset demonstrates improved correlation with a global gauge-based daily rainfall product, lower root-mean-square-error (-13%) on a 10-day scale and provides a higher probability of detection (+5%) and lower false alarm rates (-3.4%) for five-day rainfall accumulation estimates. This corrected rainfall dataset is expected to provide improved rainfall forcing data for the land surface modeling community. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063604] C1 [Chen, Fan] ARS, SSAI, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Crow, Wade T.; Holmes, Thomas R. H.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, F (reprint author), ARS, SSAI, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fan.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Holmes, Thomas/F-4512-2010 OI Holmes, Thomas/0000-0002-4651-0079 FU NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) program FX This study was supported with funding from the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) program. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer provider and employer. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD NOV 28 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063604 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063604 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 094AQ UT WOS:000315235700001 ER PT J AU Davis, PA Vasu, VT Gohil, K Kim, H Khan, IH Cross, CE Yokoyama, W AF Davis, Paul A. Vasu, Vihas T. Gohil, Kishorchandra Kim, Hyunsook Khan, Imran H. Cross, Carroll E. Yokoyama, Wallace TI A high-fat diet containing whole walnuts (Juglans regia) reduces tumour size and growth along with plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Prostate cancer; Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model; Fat; Whole foods; Insulin-like growth factor 1; Chemoprevention ID CANCER PREVENTION TRIAL; FACTOR-I RECEPTOR; SELENIUM-COMPOUNDS; FACTOR AXIS; TRAMP MICE; RISK; PROGRESSION; ACIDS; TUMORIGENESIS; NUTRITION AB Prostate cancer (PCa) has been linked to fat intake, but the effects of both different dietary fat levels and types remain inconsistent and incompletely characterised. The effects on PCa in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) cancer model of an elevated fat (20% of energy as fat) diet containing 155 g of whole walnuts were compared to those of an elevated fat (20% of energy as soyabean oil) diet with matched macronutrients, tocopherols as well as a low-fat (8% of energy as soyabean oil) diet. Mice, starting at 8 weeks of age, consumed one of the three different diets ad libitum; and prostates, livers and blood were obtained after 9, 18 or 24 weeks of feeding. No differences were observed in whole animal growth rates in either high-fat (HF) diet group, but prostate tumour weight and growth rate were reduced in the walnut diet group. Walnut diet group prostate weight, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1, resistin and LDL were lower at 18 weeks, while no statistically significant prostate weight differences by diet were seen at 9 or 24 weeks. Multiple metabolites in the livers differed by diet at 9 and 18 weeks. The walnut diet's beneficial effects probably represent the effects of whole walnuts' multiple constituents and not via a specific fatty acid or tocopherols. Moreover, as the two HF diets had dissimilar effects on prostate tumour growth rate and size, and yet had the same total fat and tocopherol composition and content, this suggests that these are not strongly linked to PCa growth. C1 [Davis, Paul A.; Kim, Hyunsook] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vasu, Vihas T.; Gohil, Kishorchandra; Cross, Carroll E.] Univ Calif Davis, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Khan, Imran H.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Comparat Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Davis, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM padavis@ucdavis.edu FU California Walnut Board; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [UL1 RR024146]; NIH Roadmap for Medical Research FX All authors participated in the design of the present study. Diets were produced and animal husbandry supervised by W. Y. Tissue and plasma samples were obtained by P. A. D., K. G., W. Y. and H. K. Plasma analytes were determined by I. H. K. and W. Y. Data analysis was performed by P. A. D., except as noted herein. The initial manuscript draft was written by P. A. D., critically revised by C. E. C., W. Y., H. K., I. H. K., V. T. V. and K. G. The final version was assembled by P. A. D. and all authors read and approved the final manuscript. This study was supported by a research grant to the University of California, Davis from the California Walnut Board. Statistical analysis support was provided by grant number UL1 RR024146 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. The manuscript's contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the NCRR or NIH. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. NR 62 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV 28 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 10 BP 1764 EP 1772 DI 10.1017/S0007114511007288 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 041JZ UT WOS:000311399400006 PM 22244053 ER PT J AU Parelman, MA Storms, DH Kirschke, CP Huang, LP Zunino, SJ AF Parelman, Mardi A. Storms, David H. Kirschke, Catherine P. Huang, Liping Zunino, Susan J. TI Dietary strawberry powder reduces blood glucose concentrations in obese and lean C57BL/6 mice, and selectively lowers plasma C-reactive protein in lean mice SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Diet-induced obesity; Inflammation; Strawberry powder; Blood glucose ID ENDOTHELIAL ADHESION MOLECULES; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; FRAGARIA-X-ANANASSA; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; TNF-ALPHA; HIGH-FAT; KAPPA-B; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AB The purpose of the present study was to test the anti-inflammatory and blood glucose (BG)-regulating capacity of strawberries in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. A total of thirty-six male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups (nine mice per group). Mice were fed a low-fat diet (LF, 13% fat), the LF supplemented with 2.6% freeze-dried strawberry powder (LFSB), a high-fat diet (HF, 44% fat) or the HF supplemented with 2.6% strawberry powder (HFSB). Blood samples were collected to measure BG, inflammation and systemic markers for endocrine function of pancreas and adipose tissue. Splenocytes were harvested at the end of the study and activated with either anti-cluster of differentiation (CD) 3/anti-CD28 antibodies or lipopolysaccharide to test immune responsiveness. The HF increased non-fasted BG, insulin, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, leptin, resistin and plasminogen activator protein-1 (P<0.05). High dietary fat decreased IL-4 production from activated splenocytes (P<0.05). BG concentrations were lower in the mice supplemented with SB (10.64 mmol/l) compared to the non-supplemented mice (11.37 mmol/l; P=0.0022). BG values were approximately 6.5% lower in the supplemented mice. Additionally, SB lowered plasma C-reactive protein in the LFSB group compared to the other three groups (P<0.05). The dietary intake of SB approximated one human serving of strawberries. These results, although modest, support a promising role for dietary strawberries in reducing the risks associated with obesity and diabetes, and regulating the levels of inflammatory markers in non-obese individuals. C1 [Storms, David H.; Kirschke, Catherine P.; Huang, Liping; Zunino, Susan J.] USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Parelman, Mardi A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM susan.zunino@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [5306-51530-013-00D, 5306-51530-018-00D] FX The present study was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Current Research Information System project nos. 5306-51530-013-00D and 5306-51530-018-00D. S. J. Z. is a member of the scientific advisory board for the California Strawberry Commission. The authors report no conflict of interest. M. A. P. and S. J. Z. designed the research; M. A. P. and D. H. S. conducted the research; C. P. K. and L. H. provided training for the immunohistochemistry and provided comments on the manuscript; M. A. P. analysed the data; M. A. P. and S. J. Z. wrote the paper; M. A. P. and S. J. Z. had primary responsibility for the final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. USDA is an equal-opportunity provider and employer. NR 84 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV 28 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 10 BP 1789 EP 1799 DI 10.1017/S0007114512000037 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 041JZ UT WOS:000311399400009 PM 22293281 ER PT J AU Yan, XH Gurtler, JB Fratamico, PM Hu, J Juneja, VK AF Yan, Xianghe Gurtler, Joshua B. Fratamico, Pina M. Hu, Jing Juneja, Vijay K. TI Phylogenetic identification of bacterial MazF toxin protein motifs among probiotic strains and foodborne pathogens and potential implications of engineered probiotic intervention in food SO CELL AND BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE toxin-antitoxin module; probiotic cocktail; engineered probiotics; foodborne pathogens ID MESSENGER-RNA INTERFERASE; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; LACTOBACILLUS-REUTERI; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; STABLE MAINTENANCE; ACUTE DIARRHEA; PLASMID RK2 AB Background: Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are commonly found in bacteria and Archaea, and it is the most common mechanism involved in bacterial programmed cell death or apoptosis. Recently, MazF, the toxin component of the toxin-antitoxin module, has been categorized as an endoribonuclease, or it may have a function similar to that of a RNA interference enzyme. Results: In this paper, with comparative data and phylogenetic analyses, we are able to identify several potential MazF-conserved motifs in limited subsets of foodborne pathogens and probiotic strains and further provide a molecular basis for the development of engineered/synthetic probiotic strains for the mitigation of foodborne illnesses. Our findings also show that some probiotic strains, as fit as many bacterial foodborne pathogens, can be genetically categorized into three major groups based on phylogenetic analysis of MazF. In each group, potential functional motifs are conserved in phylogenetically distant species, including foodborne pathogens and probiotic strains. Conclusion: These data provide important knowledge for the identification and computational prediction of functional motifs related to programmed cell death. Potential implications of these findings include the use of engineered probiotic interventions in food or use of a natural probiotic cocktail with specificity for controlling targeted foodborne pathogens. C1 [Yan, Xianghe; Gurtler, Joshua B.; Fratamico, Pina M.; Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Hu, Jing] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. RP Yan, XH (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xianghe.yan@ars.usda.gov RI Hu, Jing/H-6637-2013 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We express our appreciation to Dr. James Smith for his critical review of the manuscript. The mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2045-3701 J9 CELL BIOSCI JI Cell Biosci. PD NOV 27 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 39 DI 10.1186/2045-3701-2-39 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 053BO UT WOS:000312244600001 PM 23186337 ER PT J AU Sanford, RA Wagner, DD Wu, QZ Chee-Sanford, JC Thomas, SH Cruz-Garcia, C Rodriguez, G Massol-Deya, A Krishnani, KK Ritalahti, KM Nissen, S Konstantinidis, KT Loffler, FE AF Sanford, Robert A. Wagner, Darlene D. Wu, Qingzhong Chee-Sanford, Joanne C. Thomas, Sara H. Cruz-Garcia, Claribel Rodriguez, Gina Massol-Deya, Arturo Krishnani, Kishore K. Ritalahti, Kirsti M. Nissen, Silke Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T. Loeffler, Frank E. TI Unexpected nondenitrifier nitrous oxide reductase gene diversity and abundance in soils SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE nitrogen cycle; climate change ID WOLINELLA-SUCCINOGENES; NOSZ GENES; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI; N2O EMISSIONS; PCR PRIMERS; DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE; OZONE; MICROORGANISMS AB Agricultural and industrial practices more than doubled the intrinsic rate of terrestrial N fixation over the past century with drastic consequences, including increased atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations. N2O is a potent greenhouse gas and contributor to ozone layer destruction, and its release from fixed N is almost entirely controlled by microbial activities. Mitigation of N2O emissions to the atmosphere has been attributed exclusively to denitrifiers possessing NosZ, the enzyme system catalyzing N2O to N-2 reduction. We demonstrate that diverse microbial taxa possess divergent nos clusters with genes that are related yet evolutionarily distinct from the typical nos genes of denitirifers. nos clusters with atypical nosZ occur in Bacteria and Archaea that denitrify (44% of genomes), do not possess other denitrification genes (56%), or perform dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA; (31%). Experiments with the DNRA soil bacterium Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans demonstrated that the atypical NosZ is an effective N2O reductase, and PCR-based surveys suggested that atypical nosZ are abundant in terrestrial environments. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that atypical nos clusters possess distinctive regulatory and functional components (e. g., Sec vs. Tat secretion pathway in typical nos), and that previous nosZ-targeted PCR primers do not capture the atypical nosZ diversity. Collectively, our results suggest that nondenitrifying populations with a broad range of metabolisms and habitats are potentially significant contributors to N2O consumption. Apparently, a large, previously unrecognized group of environmental nosZ has not been accounted for, and characterizing their contributions to N2O consumption will advance understanding of the ecological controls on N2O emissions and lead to refined greenhouse gas flux models. C1 [Ritalahti, Kirsti M.; Nissen, Silke; Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Sanford, Robert A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wagner, Darlene D.; Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wu, Qingzhong; Thomas, Sara H.; Cruz-Garcia, Claribel; Rodriguez, Gina; Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Chee-Sanford, Joanne C.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rodriguez, Gina; Massol-Deya, Arturo] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Krishnani, Kishore K.] Indian Council Agr Res, Natl Inst Abiot Stress Management, Pune 413115, Maharashtra, India. [Ritalahti, Kirsti M.; Nissen, Silke; Loeffler, Frank E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Loffler, FE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM frank.loeffler@utk.edu RI Loeffler, Frank/M-8216-2013 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC0006662] FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program, Award DE-SC0006662. NR 58 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 24 U2 261 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 27 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 48 BP 19709 EP 19714 DI 10.1073/pnas.1211238109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 053ZN UT WOS:000312313900046 PM 23150571 ER PT J AU Opit, GP Arthur, FH Throne, JE Paytond, ME AF Opit, George P. Arthur, Frank H. Throne, James E. Paytond, Mark E. TI Susceptibility of stored-product psocids to aerosol insecticides SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE esfenvalerate; methoprene; Psocoptera ID LIPOSCELIS-BOSTRYCHOPHILA PSOCOPTERA; LEPINOTUS-RETICULATUS; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; GRAIN PROTECTANTS; POPULATION-GROWTH; DECOLOR PEARMAN; 5TH INSTARS; STEEL BINS; EFFICACY; ENTOMOPHILA AB The efficacies of commercial methoprene and esfenvalerate aerosols for control of stored-product psocid pests were evaluated in simulated field studies. The efficacies of methoprene, esfenvalerate EC, the carrier Isopar-M (TM), and a combination of methoprene and esfenvalerate aerosols for control of Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) and Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) nymphs were assessed, and the effects of direct and indirect exposure of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, L. decolor, and Liposcelis paeta Pearman adults to esfenvalerate EC aerosol were evaluated. The greatest nymphal mortality attained was 76%, indicating that the four aerosols tested were ineffective against L. decolor and L. entomophila nymphs. In the direct and indirect exposure studies, the greatest adult mortalities attained for the three psocid species were 62 and 32%, respectively. Based on these data, esfenvalerate aerosol is ineffective for control of L. bostrychophila, L. decolor, L. entomophila, and L. paeta psocid species. This study shows that methoprene, esfenvalerate EC, and a combination of methoprene and esfenvalerate aerosols were ineffective against the four psocid species tested when applied at rates that are usually effective against other stored-product insect pests. C1 [Opit, George P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Opit, George P.; Arthur, Frank H.; Throne, James E.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Paytond, Mark E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Opit, GP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM george.opit@okstate.edu; frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov; james.throne@ars.usda.gov; mark.payton@okstate.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 27 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 139 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 048RJ UT WOS:000311929900001 ER PT J AU Brent, CS AF Brent, Colin S. TI Classification of diapause status by color phenotype in Lygus hesperus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE overwintering; polyphenism; western tarnished plant bug ID KNIGHT HEMIPTERA-MIRIDAE; NEZARA-VIRIDULA; STINK BUG; TEMPERATURE; INDUCTION; DIET; CATERPILLAR; PHOTOPERIOD; LEPIDOPTERA; PENTATOMIDAE AB Recent studies on adult diapause in the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae), have highlighted the need to identify a reliable external marker for the internal changes that differentiate a normal animal from one that is overwintering. To test the efficacy of a color based discrimination system, L. hesperus of both genders were reared from eggs through day 10 of adulthood under a 10 hour photophase at a constant temperature. They were separated into three color groups (yellow, pale green, dark green), then dissected for diapause categorization based on internal development. Most yellow individuals were in diapause, dark green individuals were not, and pale green ones were mixed. A group of 25 assessors, naive with regard to L. hesperus development, were then asked to use a simplified color criteria (yellow = diapause, green = non-diapause) to estimate the status of a mixture of diapausing and non-diapausing adults of both genders aged two to seven days post-eclosion. After dissection to verify diapause status, assessor accuracy was found to be ineffective for assessing adults of both sexes younger than four days because color differences, which increased with age, were subtle or non-existent at this stage. For four to seven-day-old bugs, 84% of females and 67% of males were correctly categorized, on average. Incorrect assessments in all but the youngest males over-identified diapause, but for females there was no trend in mis-categorizations. Overall, the results indicate that diapause status can be adequately discriminated by color assessment, and with greatest accuracy when sampling older females. However, factors other than photoperiod appear to also influence coloration. C1 ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Brent, CS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM colin.brent@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 26 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 136 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 042RJ UT WOS:000311488400001 PM 23452041 ER PT J AU Fuglie, K Heisey, P King, J Pray, CE Schimmelpfennig, D AF Fuglie, Keith Heisey, Paul King, John Pray, Carl E. Schimmelpfennig, David TI The Contribution of Private Industry to Agricultural Innovation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRODUCTIVITY; WILL C1 [Fuglie, Keith; Heisey, Paul; Schimmelpfennig, David] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20472 USA. [King, John] USDA, Off Chief Scientist, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Pray, Carl E.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Schimmelpfennig, D (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20472 USA. EM des@ers.usda.gov OI King, John/0000-0003-4947-0241 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 23 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6110 BP 1031 EP 1032 DI 10.1126/science.1226294 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 041HJ UT WOS:000311390600026 PM 23180847 ER PT J AU Li, RW Choudhary, RK Capuco, AV Urban, JF AF Li, Robert W. Choudhary, Ratan K. Capuco, Anthony V. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. TI Exploring the host transcriptome for mechanisms underlying protective immunity and resistance to nematode infections in ruminants SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Ruminant; Nematode; Resistance; Parasite; Pathways; Transcriptome ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS INFECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI INFECTION; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; GENE-EXPRESSION; GENETICALLY RESISTANT; TRICHURIS-MURIS; MILK-PRODUCTION; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-COLUBRIFORMIS AB Nematode infections in ruminants are a major impediment to the profitable production of meat and dairy products, especially for small farms. Gastrointestinal parasitism not only negatively impacts weight gain and milk yield, but is also a major cause of mortality in small ruminants. The current parasite control strategy involves heavy use of anthelmintics that has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant parasite strains. This, in addition to increasing consumer demand for animal products that are free of drug residues has stimulated development of alternative strategies, including selective breeding of parasite resistant ruminants. The development of protective immunity and manifestations of resistance to nematode infections relies upon the precise expression of the host genome that is often confounded by mechanisms simultaneously required to control multiple nematode species as well as ecto- and protozoan parasites, and microbial and viral pathogens. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes represents a key step toward development of effective new parasite control strategies. Recent progress in characterizing the transcriptome of both hosts and parasites, utilizing high-throughput microarrays and RNA-seq technology, has led to the recognition of unique interactions and the identification of genes and biological pathways involved in the response to parasitism. Innovative use of the knowledge gained by these technologies should provide a basis for enhancing innate immunity while limiting the polarization of acquired immunity can negatively affect optimal responses to co-infection. Strategies for parasite control that use diet and vaccine/adjuvant combination could be evaluated by monitoring the host transcriptome for induction of appropriate mechanisms for imparting parasite resistance. Knowledge of different mechanisms of host immunity and the critical regulation of parasite development, physiology, and virulence can also selectively identify targets for parasite control. Comparative transcriptome analysis, in concert with genome-wide association (GWS) studies to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting host resistance, represents a promising molecular technology to evaluate integrated control strategies that involve breed and environmental factors that contribute to parasite resistance and improved performance. Tailoring these factors to control parasitism without severely affecting production qualities, management efficiencies, and responses to pathogenic co-infection will remain a challenge. This review summarizes recent progress and limitations of understanding regulatory genetic networks and biological pathways that affect host resistance and susceptibility to nematode infection in ruminants. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] USDA ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.li@ars.usda.gov OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 120 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 23 PY 2012 VL 190 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.06.021 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 028JN UT WOS:000310418700001 PM 22819588 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Exposito, D Ortega-Mora, LM Gajadhar, AA Garcia-Lunar, P Dubey, JP Alvarez-Garcia, G AF Gutierrez-Exposito, Daniel Miguel Ortega-Mora, Luis Gajadhar, Alvin A. Garcia-Lunar, Paula Dubey, Jitender P. Alvarez-Garcia, Gema TI Serological evidence of Besnoitia spp. infection in Canadian wild ruminants and strong cross-reaction between Besnoitia besnoiti and Besnoitia tarandi SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Besnoitia besnoiti; Besnoitia tarandi; Cattle; Caribou; Indirect immnofluorescent antibody test; Western blot ID REINDEER RANGIFER-TARANDUS; IN-VITRO ISOLATION; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; BOVINE BESNOITIOSIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; TISSUE CYSTS; CATTLE; ANTIBODIES; PROTOZOA; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB Bovine besnoitiosis, caused by Besnoitia besnoiti, is considered to be emergent in Europe and responsible for severe economic losses due to the chronic and debilitating course of the disease but has not been reported in North America. Besnoitia tarandi is a related species and it has been reported in reindeer and caribou from different locations of the Arctic Pole, including North America. Diagnosis of clinical besnoitiosis is largely based on the recognition of dermal grossly visible tissue cysts of Besnoitia. Nothing is known of cross reactivity between B. besnoiti and B. tarandi species. Here, we evaluated the use of serological tests employed in the diagnosis of bovine besnoitiosis for the detection of Besnoitia spp. infections in different wild ruminant species (caribou, elk, mule-deer, white-tailed deer, moose, muskox and bison) from Canada and investigated cross-reactivity between B. besnoiti and B. tarandi species by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test and Western blot. For this, species-specific antibodies were obtained in rabbits experimentally infected with B. besnoiti and B. tarandi. Marked cross reactivity was found between B. besnoiti and B. tarandi. For the first time, antibodies to Besnoitia spp. infection were found in 16 of 20 caribou (Ranginfer tarandus), seven of 18 muskox (Ovibos moschatus), one of three bison (Bison bison), but not in 20 elk (Cervus canadensis), 20 white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and 20 moose (Alces alces) in Canada; results were similar using B. besnoiti and B. tarandi as antigen. There was no cross reactivity between the two Besnoitia species, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii with the cut-offs applied that prevented to observe it. The present study provides evidence that the serological assays can be useful to accomplish large scale prevalence studies in caribou and other wildlife species. Further studies are needed to study sylvatic and domestic cycle of B tarandi and B. besnoiti. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gutierrez-Exposito, Daniel; Miguel Ortega-Mora, Luis; Garcia-Lunar, Paula; Alvarez-Garcia, Gema] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Anim Hlth, SALUVET, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Gajadhar, Alvin A.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Food Borne & Anim Parasitol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada. [Dubey, Jitender P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Alvarez-Garcia, G (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Anim Hlth, SALUVET, Ciudad Univ S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM gemaga@vet.ucm.es RI ALVAREZ-GARCIA, GEMA/E-3577-2016; Ortega-Mora, Luis-Miguel/F-1470-2016 OI ALVAREZ-GARCIA, GEMA/0000-0002-6627-7577; Ortega-Mora, Luis-Miguel/0000-0002-4986-6783 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGL 2010-20561]; Ministry of Science and Innovation [BES-2011-043753] FX This work was supported by a research project from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL 2010-20561). Daniel Gutierrez Exposit has been financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant No. BES-2011-043753). We thank wildlife Canadian veterinarians and Javier Zabala and Mikel Serrano for kindly providing sera from wild ruminants and cattle and Jane Benjamin and other staff at the CFIA's Centre for Food-borne and Animal Parasitology for maintaining and retrieving wildlife serum samples. We wish to acknowledge Vanessa Navarro and Carmen Cuevas for their excellent technical assistance. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 23 PY 2012 VL 190 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.06.017 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 028JN UT WOS:000310418700003 PM 22795672 ER PT J AU Shock, BC Birkenheuer, AJ Patton, LL Olfenbuttel, C Beringer, J Groves, DM Peek, M Butfiloski, JW Hughes, DW Lockhart, JM Cunningham, MW Brown, HM Peterson, DS Yabsley, MJ AF Shock, Barbara C. Birkenheuer, Adam J. Patton, Laura L. Olfenbuttel, Colleen Beringer, Jeff Groves, Daniel M. Peek, Matt Butfiloski, Joseph W. Hughes, Daymond W. Lockhart, J. Mitchell Cunningham, Mark W. Brown, Holly M. Peterson, David S. Yabsley, Michael J. TI Variation in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 rRNA genomic regions of Cytauxzoon felis from bobcats and pumas in the eastern United States and comparison with sequences from domestic cats SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bobcat; Cytauxzoon; rRNA; Internal transcribed spacer unit; Genetic variability; Florida puma ID INTRAERYTHROCYTIC SMALL PIROPLASM; FATAL CYTAUXZOONOSIS; LYNX-RUFUS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; BABESIA-GIBSONI; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; PARASITES; FLORIDA; GEORGIA AB Cytauxzoon felis, a tick-borne protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats in the United States. The natural reservoir for this parasite is the bobcat (Lynx rufus), which typically does not develop clinical signs. Although not likely important reservoirs, C. fells has also been detected in pumas (Puma concolor) in Florida and Louisiana. Recent studies suggest that specific genotypes of C. felis that circulate in domestic cats may be associated with variable clinical outcomes and specific spatial locations. In the current study, we investigated the intraspecific variation of the C. fells internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 and ITS-2 rRNA regions from 145 wild felids (139 bobcats and six pumas) from 11 states (Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania). Unambiguous ITS-1 and ITS-2 data were obtained for 144 and 112 samples, respectively, and both ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences were obtained for 111 (77%) samples. For the ITS-1 region, sequences from 65 samples collected from wild felids were identical to those previously reported in domestic cats, while the other 79 sequences were unique. C felis from 45 bobcats and one puma had ITS-1 sequences identical to the most common sequence reported from domestic cats. Within the ITS-2 region, sequences from 49 bobcats were identical to those previously reported in domestic cats and 63 sequences were unique (with some occurring in more than one bobcat). The most common ITS-2 sequence from domestic cats was also common in wild felids (31 bobcats and a puma). Samples from three pumas from Florida and two bobcats from Missouri had a 40- or 41-bp insert in the ITS-2 similar to one described previously in a domestic cat from Arkansas. Additionally, a previously undescribed 198- or 199-bp insert was detected in the ITS-2 sequence from four bobcats. Collectively, based on combined ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences, five different genotypes were detected in the wild felids. Genotype ITSa was the most common genotype (11 bobcats and one puma) and fewer numbers of ITSb, ITSe, ITSg, and ITSi were detected in bobcats. These data indicate that, based on ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences, numerous C. felis strains may circulate in wild felids. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shock, Barbara C.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Shock, Barbara C.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Birkenheuer, Adam J.] NC State Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Patton, Laura L.] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Olfenbuttel, Colleen] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Beringer, Jeff] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Groves, Daniel M.] N Dakota Game & Fish Dept, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Peek, Matt] Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Pratt, KS 67124 USA. [Butfiloski, Joseph W.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Hughes, Daymond W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Albany, GA 31701 USA. [Lockhart, J. Mitchell] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Cunningham, Mark W.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Brown, Holly M.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, David S.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shock, BC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, 589 DW Brooks Dr,Wildlife Hlth Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bshock@uga.edu FU Morris Animal Foundation [DO8FE-003]; University of Georgia; Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Alabama; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Arkansas; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Florida; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Georgia; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Kansas; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Kentucky; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Louisiana; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Maryland; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Mississippi; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Missouri; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in North Carolina; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Oklahoma; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Puerto Rico; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in South Carolina; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Tennessee; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in Virginia; SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agency in West Virginia FX The authors thank numerous personnel from state agencies who collected fetid samples. This study was primarily funded by the Morris Animal Foundation (DO8FE-003). BCS was supported by an assistantship from the University of Georgia. Additional support was provided by the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917) and through SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agencies in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 23 PY 2012 VL 190 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.06.010 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 028JN UT WOS:000310418700004 PM 22776107 ER PT J AU Bates, GW Rosenthal, DM Sun, JD Chattopadhyay, M Peffer, E Yang, J Ort, DR Jones, AM AF Bates, George W. Rosenthal, David M. Sun, Jindong Chattopadhyay, Maitreyi Peffer, Emily Yang, Jing Ort, Donald R. Jones, Alan M. TI A Comparative Study of the Arabidopsis thaliana Guard-Cell Transcriptome and Its Modulation by Sucrose SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID STOMATAL MOVEMENTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISIC-ACID; STARCH BIOSYNTHESIS; SUGAR; LIGHT; PROTEIN; CHANNEL; MUTANTS; IDENTIFICATION AB Microarray analysis was performed on RNA isolated from guard cells that were manually dissected from leaves of Arabidopsis. By pooling our data with those of two earlier studies on Arabidopsis guard cell protoplasts, we provide a robust view of the guard-cell transcriptome, which is rich in transcripts for transcription factors, signaling proteins, transporters, and carbohydrate-modifying enzymes. To test the hypothesis that photosynthesis-derived sugar signals guard cells to adjust stomatal opening, we determined the profile of genes expressed in guard cells from leaves that had been treated with sucrose. The results revealed that expression of 440 genes changed in guard cells in response to sucrose. Consistent with this hypothesis, these genes encoded cellular functions for photosynthesis and transport of sugars, water, amino acids, and ions. Plants of T-DNA insertion lines for 50 genes highly responsive to sucrose were examined for defects in guard cell function. Twelve genes not previously known to function in guard cells were shown to be important in leaf conductance, water-use efficiency, and/or stomate development. Of these, three are of particular interest, having shown effects in nearly every test of stomatal function without a change in stomatal density: TPS5 (At4g17770), a TRAF domain-containing protein (At1g65370), and a WD repeat-containing protein (At1g15440). C1 [Bates, George W.; Chattopadhyay, Maitreyi; Peffer, Emily] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Rosenthal, David M.; Sun, Jindong; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, ARS, USDA,Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sun, Jindong] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA USA. [Chattopadhyay, Maitreyi] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Peffer, Emily] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yang, Jing] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jones, Alan M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Bates, GW (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, B-157, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM bates@bio.fsu.edu RI Rosenthal, David/C-9559-2012 OI Rosenthal, David/0000-0002-4822-5861 FU National Institutes of General Medical Sciences [R01GM065989]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0723515, MCB-0718202]; Florida State University Cornerstone Award; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05er15671] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences (R01GM065989) and National Science Foundation (MCB-0723515 and MCB-0718202) to AMJ and by a Florida State University Cornerstone Award to GWB. The authors also thank the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy through Grant DE-FG02-05er15671 (to AMJ) for funding the photosynthesis and stomatal conductance assays. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 45 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 21 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e49641 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0049641 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 047ER UT WOS:000311821000074 PM 23185391 ER PT J AU Jasrapuria, S Specht, CA Kramer, KJ Beeman, RW Muthukrishnan, S AF Jasrapuria, Sinu Specht, Charles A. Kramer, Karl J. Beeman, Richard W. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam TI Gene Families of Cuticular Proteins Analogous to Peritrophins (CPAPs) in Tribolium castaneum Have Diverse Functions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RED FLOUR BEETLE; CHITIN-SYNTHASE; EXOSKELETON; DROSOPHILA; MIDGUT; MATRIX; SECRETION; CDNAS AB The functional characterization of an entire class of 17 genes from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, which encode two families of Cuticular Proteins Analogous to Peritrophins (CPAPs) has been carried out. CPAP genes in T. castaneum are expressed exclusively in cuticle-forming tissues and have been classified into two families, CPAP1 and CPAP3, based on whether the proteins contain either one (CPAP1), or three copies (CPAP3) of the chitin-binding domain, ChtBD2, with its six characteristically spaced cysteine residues. Individual members of the TcCPAP1 and TcCPAP3 gene families have distinct developmental patterns of expression. Many of these proteins serve essential and non-redundant functions in maintaining the structural integrity of the cuticle in different parts of the insect anatomy. Three genes of the TcCPAP1 family and five genes of the TcCPAP3 family are essential for insect development, molting, cuticle integrity, proper locomotion or fecundity. RNA interference (RNAi) targeting TcCPAP1-C, TcCPAP1-H, TcCPAP1-J or TcCPAP3-C transcripts resulted in death at the pharate adult stage of development. RNAi for TcCPAP3-A1, TcCPAP3-B, TcCPAP3-D1 or TcCPAP3-D2 genes resulted in different developmental defects, including adult/embryonic mortality, abnormal elytra or hindwings, or an abnormal 'stiff-jointed' gait. These results provide experimental support for specialization in the functions of CPAP proteins in T. castaneum and a biological rationale for the conservation of CPAP orthologs in other orders of insects. This is the first comprehensive functional analysis of an entire class of cuticular proteins with one or more ChtBD2 domains in any insect species. C1 [Jasrapuria, Sinu; Kramer, Karl J.; Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Specht, Charles A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Muthukrishnan, S (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM smk@ksu.edu FU [NSF-IOS-102227] FX Funding was provided by NSF-IOS-102227. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 21 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e49844 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0049844 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 047ER UT WOS:000311821000122 PM 23185457 ER PT J AU Cooper, B AF Cooper, Bret TI The Problem with Peptide Presumption and the Downfall of Target-Decoy False Discovery Rates SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATIONS; DATABASE SEARCH; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; MODEL; PROTEOMICS; PROBABILITIES; ACCURACY; STRATEGY; SPECTRA AB In proteomics, peptide-tandem mass spectrum match scores and target-decoy database derived false discovery rates (FDR) are confidence indicators describing the quality of individual and sets of tandem mass spectrum matches. A user can impose a standard by prescribing a limit to these values, equivalent to drawing a line that separates better from poorer quality matches. As a result of setting narrower parent ion mass tolerances to reflect the better resolution of modern mass spectrometers, target-decoy derived FDRs can diminish. FDRs lowered this way consequently drive down the lower-limit for peptide-spectrum match score acceptance. Hence, data quality confidence appears to improve even while fragmentation evidence for some spectra remains weak. One negative outcome can be the presumed identification of peptides that do not exist. The options researchers have to improve proteomics data confidence are not panaceas, and there may be no satisfying solution as long as peptides are identified from a circumscribed list of proteins scientists wish to find. C1 [Cooper, Bret] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006,Rm 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bret.cooper@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 22 BP 9663 EP 9667 DI 10.1021/ac303051s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 055RP UT WOS:000312434800002 PM 23106481 ER PT J AU Ju, CL Yoon, GM Shemansky, JM Lin, DY Ying, ZI Chang, JH Garrett, WM Kessenbrock, M Groth, G Tucker, ML Cooper, B Kieber, JJ Chang, C AF Ju, Chuanli Yoon, Gyeong Mee Shemansky, Jennifer Marie Lin, David Y. Ying, Z. Irene Chang, Jianhong Garrett, Wesley M. Kessenbrock, Mareike Groth, Georg Tucker, Mark L. Cooper, Bret Kieber, Joseph J. Chang, Caren TI CTR1 phosphorylates the central regulator EIN2 to control ethylene hormone signaling from the ER membrane to the nucleus in Arabidopsis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; serine ID RAF-LIKE KINASE; PROTEIN-KINASE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; MASS-SPECTROMETER; RESPONSE PATHWAY; THALIANA; ETR1; RECEPTOR; PLANTS; COLOCALIZATION AB The gaseous phytohormone ethylene C2H4 mediates numerous aspects of growth and development. Genetic analysis has identified a number of critical elements in ethylene signaling, but how these elements interact biochemically to transduce the signal from the ethylene receptor complex at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to transcription factors in the nucleus is unknown. To close this gap in our understanding of the ethylene signaling pathway, the challenge has been to identify the target of the CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) Raf-like protein kinase, as well as the molecular events surrounding ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2), an ER membrane-localized Nramp homolog that positively regulates ethylene responses. Here we demonstrate that CTR1 interacts with and directly phosphorylates the cytosolic C-terminal domain of EIN2. Mutations that block the EIN2 phosphorylation sites result in constitutive nuclear localization of the EIN2 C terminus, concomitant with constitutive activation of ethylene responses in Arabidopsis. Our results suggest that phosphorylation of EIN2 by CTR1 prevents EIN2 from signaling in the absence of ethylene, whereas inhibition of CTR1 upon ethylene perception is a signal for cleavage and nuclear localization of the EIN2 C terminus, allowing the ethylene signal to reach the downstream transcription factors. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ethylene signal transduction. C1 [Yoon, Gyeong Mee; Kieber, Joseph J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ju, Chuanli; Shemansky, Jennifer Marie; Lin, David Y.; Ying, Z. Irene; Chang, Jianhong; Chang, Caren] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Garrett, Wesley M.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kessenbrock, Mareike; Groth, Georg] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem Pflanzenphysiol, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Tucker, Mark L.; Cooper, Bret] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kieber, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jkieber@unc.edu; carenc@umd.edu FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0923796, MCB-1021704]; University of Maryland and the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Jason Shockey and Chris McClellan for yeast two-hybrid constructs; Mandy Kendrick for the CTR1 cDNA in pDONR221; Ruiqiang Chen for primer design; Klaus Harter for BiFC vectors; Amy Beaven for microscopy assistance; Heven Sze for the anti-ECA1 antibody; and Plant Bioscience Limited for Agrobacterium strain C58C1 (pCH32) and p19 plasmid. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants MCB-0923796 (to C. C.) and MCB-1021704 (to J.K.); a Specific Cooperative Agreement between the University of Maryland and the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (G. G.); and the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station (C.C.). NR 42 TC 140 Z9 155 U1 5 U2 83 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 47 BP 19486 EP 19491 DI 10.1073/pnas.1214848109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 049PZ UT WOS:000311997200091 PM 23132950 ER PT J AU Jimenez, KL Starr, G Staudhammer, CL Schedlbauer, JL Loescher, HW Malone, SL Oberbauer, SF AF Jimenez, K. L. Starr, G. Staudhammer, C. L. Schedlbauer, J. L. Loescher, H. W. Malone, S. L. Oberbauer, S. F. TI Carbon dioxide exchange rates from short- and long-hydroperiod Everglades freshwater marsh SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM CO2 EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; BOREAL FEN; NET; WETLANDS; RESPONSES AB Everglades freshwater marshes were once carbon sinks, but human-driven hydrologic changes have led to uncertainty about the current state of their carbon dynamics. To investigate the effect of hydrology on CO2 exchange, we used eddy covariance measurements for 2 years (2008-2009) in marl (short-hydroperiod) and peat (long-hydroperiod) wetlands in Everglades National Park. The importance of site, season, and environmental drivers was evaluated using linear and nonlinear modeling, and a novel method was used to test for temporally lagged patterns in the data. Unexpectedly, the long-hydroperiod peat marsh was a small CO2 source (19.9 g C m(-2) from July to December 2008 and 80.0 g C m(-2) in 2009), and at no time over the study period was it a strong sink. Contrary to previous research suggesting high productivity rates from a short-hydroperiod marsh, we estimated that the marl site was a small CO2 sink in 2008 (net ecosystem exchange [NEE] = -78.8 g C m(-2)) and was near neutral for carbon balance in 2009. In addition, both sites had relatively low gross ecosystem exchange (GEE) over the 2 years of this study. The two sites showed similar responses for NEE versus air temperature, ecosystem respiration (R-eco) versus air temperature, and R-eco versus water depth, although the magnitude of the responses differed. We saw small lags (30 min in most cases) between carbon fluxes and environmental drivers. This study is foundational for understanding the carbon balance of these ecosystems prior to implementation of the planned Everglades restoration of historical water flow that will likely alter the future trajectory of the carbon dynamics of the Everglades as a whole. C1 [Jimenez, K. L.; Starr, G.; Staudhammer, C. L.; Malone, S. L.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Schedlbauer, J. L.; Oberbauer, S. F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Schedlbauer, J. L.] W Chester Univ, Dept Biol, W Chester, PA 19380 USA. [Loescher, H. W.] Natl Ecol Observ Network Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Loescher, H. W.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Malone, S. L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Oberbauer, S. F.] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL USA. RP Starr, G (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM gstarr@ua.edu FU Department of Energy's (DOE) National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR) [07-SC-NICCR-1059]; National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-term Ecological Research program [DBI-0620409, DEB-9910514]; NSF [DBI-0752017] FX The research was funded by the Department of Energy's (DOE) National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR) through grant 07-SC-NICCR-1059. In addition, some of the data used within the manuscript were collected by support (airboat and helicopter access) of the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreements DBI-0620409 and DEB-9910514. Loescher's efforts were supported by NSF DBI-0752017. Research was conducted under permits EVER-2007-SCI-0065 to the FCE-LTER and EVER-2008-SCI-0015, EVER-2009-SCI-0013, and EVER-2010-SCI-0021 to SFO from Everglades National Park. We would also like to thank P. Olivas, B. Wilson, and E. Ortiz for their help in data collection and processing. NR 98 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G04009 DI 10.1029/2012JG002117 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 043RH UT WOS:000311563700001 ER PT J AU Vazquez-Fernandez, E Alonso, J Pastrana, MA Ramos, A Stitz, L Vidal, E Dynin, I Petsch, B Silva, CJ Requena, JR AF Vazquez-Fernandez, Ester Alonso, Jana Pastrana, Miguel A. Ramos, Adriana Stitz, Lothar Vidal, Enric Dynin, Irina Petsch, Benjamin Silva, Christopher J. Requena, Jesus R. TI Structural Organization of Mammalian Prions as Probed by Limited Proteolysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; SCRAPIE PRION; TRUNCATED FORMS; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; PRP AB Elucidation of the structure of PrPSc continues to be one major challenge in prion research. The mechanism of propagation of these infectious agents will not be understood until their structure is solved. Given that high resolution techniques such as NMR or X-ray crystallography cannot be used, a number of lower resolution analytical approaches have been attempted. Thus, limited proteolysis has been successfully used to pinpoint flexible regions within prion multimers (PrPSc). However, the presence of covalently attached sugar antennae and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) moieties makes mass spectrometry-based analysis impractical. In order to surmount these difficulties we analyzed PrPSc from transgenic mice expressing prion protein (PrP) lacking the GPI membrane anchor. Such animals produce prions that are devoid of the GPI anchor and sugar antennae, and, thereby, permit the detection and location of flexible, proteinase K (PK) susceptible regions by Western blot and mass spectrometry-based analysis. GPI-less PrPSc samples were digested with PK. PK-resistant peptides were identified, and found to correspond to molecules cleaved at positions 81, 85, 89, 116, 118, 133, 134, 141, 152, 153, 162, 169 and 179. The first 10 peptides (to position 153), match very well with PK cleavage sites we previously identified in wild type PrPSc. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the structure of PrPSc consists of a series of highly PK-resistant beta-sheet strands connected by short flexible PK-sensitive loops and turns. A sizeable C-terminal stretch of PrPSc is highly resistant to PK and therefore perhaps also contains beta-sheet secondary structure. C1 [Vazquez-Fernandez, Ester; Pastrana, Miguel A.; Ramos, Adriana; Requena, Jesus R.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, CIMUS Biomed Res Inst, IDIS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Alonso, Jana] IDIS, Prote Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Stitz, Lothar; Petsch, Benjamin] Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Immunol, Tubingen, Germany. [Vidal, Enric] UAB IRTA, Priocat Lab, Ctr Recerca Sanitat Anim CReSA, Barcelona, Spain. [Dynin, Irina; Silva, Christopher J.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Requena, Jesus R.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Med, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. RP Vazquez-Fernandez, E (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, CIMUS Biomed Res Inst, IDIS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. EM ester.vazquez@usc.es; jesus.requena@usc.es RI Alonso Lorenzo, Jana/B-2869-2012; OI Alonso Lorenzo, Jana/0000-0002-2304-8715; Silva, Christopher/0000-0003-4521-6377 FU EC [FP7 222887] FX This work was supported by EC grant FP7 222887 "Priority". The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e50111 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0050111 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 043II UT WOS:000311535700071 PM 23185550 ER PT J AU Novotny, JA Baer, DJ Khoo, C Gebauer, S AF Novotny, Janet A. Baer, David J. Khoo, Christina Gebauer, Sarah TI Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Reduces Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Inflammation; Endothelial function C1 [Novotny, Janet A.; Baer, David J.; Gebauer, Sarah] USDA, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Khoo, Christina] Ocean Spray, Rsch, Lakeville Middleboro, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 EI 1524-4539 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 126 IS 21 SU S MA 19732 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V31LL UT WOS:000208885009187 ER PT J AU Spartano, NL Ronxhi, J Lamon-Fava, S Matthan, NR Greenberg, AS Obin, MS Lichtenstein, AH AF Spartano, Nicole L. Ronxhi, Janey Lamon-Fava, Stefania Matthan, Nirupa R. Greenberg, Andrew S. Obin, Martin S. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Elevated Glucose Increases ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 mRNA Expression in Human Leukocytes and Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages and Decreases Cholesterol Efflux SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Cardiovascular disease; Glucose; Foam cells; Blood cells; Nutrition C1 [Spartano, Nicole L.; Ronxhi, Janey; Lamon-Fava, Stefania; Matthan, Nirupa R.; Greenberg, Andrew S.; Obin, Martin S.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 EI 1524-4539 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 126 IS 21 SU S MA 9110 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V31LL UT WOS:000208885000039 ER PT J AU Gieseker, CM Mayer, TD Crosby, TC Carson, J Dalsgaard, I Darwish, AM Gaunt, PS Gao, DX Hsu, HM Lin, TL Oaks, JL Pyecroft, M Teitzel, C Somsiri, T Wu, CC AF Gieseker, Charles M. Mayer, Tamara D. Crosby, Tina C. Carson, Jeremy Dalsgaard, Inger Darwish, Ahmed M. Gaunt, Patricia S. Gao, Dana X. Hsu, Hui-Min Lin, Tsang L. Oaks, J. Lindsay Pyecroft, Melissa Teitzel, Charlene Somsiri, Temdoung Wu, Ching C. TI Quality control ranges for testing broth microdilution susceptibility of Flavobacterium columnare and F. psychrophilum to nine antimicrobials SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Standard methods; Antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Fish; Flavobacteria ID FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; AQUATIC BACTERIA; FISH; RESISTANCE; STANDARDS; FRANCE AB A multi-laboratory broth microdilution method trial was performed to standardize the specialized test conditions required for the fish pathogens Flavobacterium columnare and F. psychrophilum. Nine laboratories tested the quality control (QC) strains Escherichia colt ATCC 25922 and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida ATCC 33658 against 10 antimicrobials (ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, gentamicin, ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine, oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) in diluted (4 g l(-1)) cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth incubated at 28 and 18 degrees C for 44-48 and 92-96 h, respectively. QC ranges were set for 9 of the 10 antimicrobials. Most of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions (16 of 18, 9 drugs at both temperatures) for A. salmonicida ATCC 33658 were centered on a single median MIC +/- 1 two-fold drug dilution resulting in a QC range that spanned 3 dilutions. More of the E. call ATCC 25922 MIC distributions (7 of 16) were centered between 2 MIC dilutions requiring a QC range that spanned 4 dilutions. A QC range could not be determined for E. colt ATCC 25922 against 2 antimicrobials at the low temperature. These data and their associated QC ranges have been approved by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), and will be included in the next edition of the CLSI M49-A Guideline. This method represents the first standardized reference method for testing fish pathogenic Flavobacterium spp. C1 [Gieseker, Charles M.; Mayer, Tamara D.; Crosby, Tina C.] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Res Off, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Carson, Jeremy; Pyecroft, Melissa] Dept Primary Ind, Fish Hlth Unit, Pk Water & Environm, Launceston, Tas 7249, Australia. [Dalsgaard, Inger] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Darwish, Ahmed M.] USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Gaunt, Patricia S.; Gao, Dana X.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA. [Hsu, Hui-Min] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Oaks, J. Lindsay; Teitzel, Charlene] Univ Washington, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Somsiri, Temdoung] Kasetsart Univ, Inland Aquat Anim Hlth Res Inst, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Lin, Tsang L.; Wu, Ching C.] Purdue Univ, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Gieseker, CM (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Res Off, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM charles.gieseker@fda.hhs.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 19 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.3354/dao02527 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 054QC UT WOS:000312357300004 PM 23324417 ER PT J AU Sala, OE Gherardi, LA Reichmann, L Jobbagy, E Peters, D AF Sala, Osvaldo E. Gherardi, Laureano A. Reichmann, Lara Jobbagy, Esteban Peters, Debra TI Legacies of precipitation fluctuations on primary production: theory and data synthesis SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE primary production; legacies; spatial and temporal models; precipitation effects ID RAIN-USE EFFICIENCY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PATAGONIAN STEPPE; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; RESPONSES; PRAIRIE; DESERTIFICATION; VEGETATION AB Variability of above-ground net primary production (ANPP) of arid to sub-humid ecosystems displays a closer association with precipitation when considered across space (based on multiyear averages for different locations) than through time (based on year-to-year change at single locations). Here, we propose a theory of controls of ANPP based on four hypotheses about legacies of wet and dry years that explains space versus time differences in ANPP-precipitation relationships. We tested the hypotheses using 16 long-term series of ANPP. We found that legacies revealed by the association of current-versus previous-year conditions through the temporal series occur across all ecosystem types from deserts to mesic grasslands. Therefore, previous-year precipitation and ANPP control a significant fraction of current-year production. We developed unified models for the controls of ANPP through space and time. The relative importance of current-versus previous-year precipitation changes along a gradient of mean annual precipitation with the importance of current-year PPT decreasing, whereas the importance of previous-year PPT remains constant as mean annual precipitation increases. Finally, our results suggest that ANPP will respond to climate-change-driven alterations in water availability and, more importantly, that the magnitude of the response will increase with time. C1 [Sala, Osvaldo E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sala, Osvaldo E.; Gherardi, Laureano A.; Reichmann, Lara] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Jobbagy, Esteban] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IMASL, Grp Estudios Ambientales, San Luis, Argentina. [Jobbagy, Esteban] Univ Nacl San Luis, San Luis, Argentina. [Peters, Debra] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Sala, OE (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM osvaldo.sala@asu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 09-17668, DEB 06-18210] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants DEB 09-17668 to Arizona State University, and DEB 06-18210 to New Mexico State University as part of the Jornada Basin LTER. We thank W. K. Lauenroth and L. Yahdjian for stimulating discussions, reviewers and editor for valuable suggestions and G. A. Gil and D. D. Correa for support. NR 50 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 23 U2 178 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 19 PY 2012 VL 367 IS 1606 SI SI BP 3135 EP 3144 DI 10.1098/rstb.2011.0347 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 019YP UT WOS:000309775800007 PM 23045711 ER PT J AU Saha, S Hunter, WB Reese, J Morgan, JK Marutani-Hert, M Huang, H Lindeberg, M AF Saha, Surya Hunter, Wayne B. Reese, Justin Morgan, J. Kent Marutani-Hert, Mizuri Huang, Hong Lindeberg, Magdalen TI Survey of Endosymbionts in the Diaphorina citri Metagenome and Assembly of a Wolbachia wDi Draft Genome SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID IV SECRETION SYSTEM; CULEX-PIPIENS GROUP; TAMARIXIA-RADIATA; DNA-SEQUENCES; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; PSYLLIDAE; SYMBIONTS; PHYLOGENY AB Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), the Asian citrus psyllid, is the insect vector of Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agent of citrus greening disease. Sequencing of the D. citri metagenome has been initiated to gain better understanding of the biology of this organism and the potential roles of its bacterial endosymbionts. To corroborate candidate endosymbionts previously identified by rDNA amplification, raw reads from the D. citri metagenome sequence were mapped to reference genome sequences. Results of the read mapping provided the most support for Wolbachia and an enteric bacterium most similar to Salmonella. Wolbachia-derived reads were extracted using the complete genome sequences for four Wolbachia strains. Reads were assembled into a draft genome sequence, and the annotation assessed for the presence of features potentially involved in host interaction. Genome alignment with the complete sequences reveals membership of Wolbachia wDi in supergroup B, further supported by phylogenetic analysis of FtsZ. FtsZ and Wsp phylogenies additionally indicate that the Wolbachia strain in the Florida D. citri isolate falls into a sub-clade of supergroup B, distinct from Wolbachia present in Chinese D. citri isolates, supporting the hypothesis that the D. citri introduced into Florida did not originate from China. C1 [Saha, Surya; Lindeberg, Magdalen] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Hunter, Wayne B.; Morgan, J. Kent; Marutani-Hert, Mizuri] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Reese, Justin] Genformatic LLC, Alpharetta, GA USA. [Huang, Hong] Univ S Florida, Sch Informat, Tampa, FL USA. RP Lindeberg, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM ml16@cornell.edu RI Huang, Hong/G-5957-2016; OI Huang, Hong/0000-0002-8957-4881; Saha, Surya/0000-0002-1160-1413 FU USDA, ARS, Subtropical Research Unit, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA; Citrus Research Board, Visalia, CA, USA; Citrus Research and Development Foundation [123] FX Funding for this project came from the USDA, ARS, Subtropical Research Unit, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA; and the Citrus Research Board, Visalia, CA, USA (FY2011-2012) and from the Citrus Research and Development Foundation grant FCATP08 #123. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 81 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 58 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 16 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e50067 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0050067 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048BN UT WOS:000311885300083 PM 23166822 ER PT J AU Ward, DM Nislow, KH Folt, CL AF Ward, Darren M. Nislow, Keith H. Folt, Carol L. TI Do Low-Mercury Terrestrial Resources Subsidize Low-Mercury Growth of Stream Fish? Differences between Species along a Productivity Gradient SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; AQUATIC FOOD WEBS; ATLANTIC SALMON; BROOK TROUT; BIOACCUMULATION; INVERTEBRATES; RIVER; ECOSYSTEMS; REDUCE AB Low productivity in aquatic ecosystems is associated with reduced individual growth of fish and increased concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg) in fish and their prey. However, many stream-dwelling fish species can use terrestrially-derived food resources, potentially subsidizing growth at low-productivity sites, and, because terrestrial resources have lower MeHg concentrations than aquatic resources, preventing an increase in diet-borne MeHg accumulation. We used a large-scale field study to evaluate relationships among terrestrial subsidy use, growth, and MeHg concentrations in two stream-dwelling fish species across an in-stream productivity gradient. We sampled young-of-the-year brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), potential competitors with similar foraging habits, from 20 study sites in streams in New Hampshire and Massachusetts that encompassed a wide range of aquatic prey biomass. Stable isotope analysis showed that brook trout used more terrestrial resources than Atlantic salmon. Over their first growing season, Atlantic salmon tended to grow larger than brook trout at sites with high aquatic prey biomass, but brook grew two-fold larger than Atlantic salmon at sites with low aquatic prey biomass. The MeHg concentrations of brook trout and Atlantic salmon were similar at sites with high aquatic prey biomass and the MeHg concentrations of both species increased at sites with low prey biomass and high MeHg in aquatic prey. However, brook trout had three-fold lower MeHg concentrations than Atlantic salmon at low-productivity, high-MeHg sites. These results suggest that differential use of terrestrial resource subsidies reversed the growth asymmetry between potential competitors across a productivity gradient and, for one species, moderated the effect of low in-stream productivity on MeHg accumulation. C1 [Ward, Darren M.; Folt, Carol L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Res Ecosyst Change, USDA, Amherst, MA USA. RP Ward, DM (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM darren.ward@humboldt.edu RI Ward, Darren/F-1203-2010 OI Ward, Darren/0000-0002-0049-5299 FU NIEHS-SBRP [ES007373]; USFS Northern Research Station; NOAA CIMEC FX This project was funded by NIEHS-SBRP grant ES007373 to CLF and by the USFS Northern Research Station; DMW was supported during preparation of the manuscript by NOAA CIMEC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 40 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 16 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e49582 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0049582 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048BN UT WOS:000311885300053 PM 23166717 ER PT J AU Thomson, JL Landry, AS Zoellner, JM Tudor-Locke, C Webster, M Connell, C Yadrick, K AF Thomson, Jessica L. Landry, Alicia S. Zoellner, Jamie M. Tudor-Locke, Catrine Webster, Michael Connell, Carol Yadrick, Kathy TI Several steps/day indicators predict changes in anthropometric outcomes: HUB City Steps SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Pedometer; Steps/day; Anthropometric measures; African American ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY INTERVENTION; RESTING BLOOD-PRESSURE; US ADULTS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; CONTROLLED-TRIALS; WALKING; METAANALYSIS; HEALTH; ENOUGH; PEDOMETERS AB Background: Walking for exercise remains the most frequently reported leisure-time activity, likely because it is simple, inexpensive, and easily incorporated into most people's lifestyle. Pedometers are simple, convenient, and economical tools that can be used to quantify step-determined physical activity. Few studies have attempted to define the direct relationship between dynamic changes in pedometer-determined steps/day and changes in anthropometric and clinical outcomes. Hence, the objective of this secondary analysis was to evaluate the utility of several descriptive indicators of pedometer-determined steps/day for predicting changes in anthropometric and clinical outcomes using data from a community-based walking intervention, HUB City Steps, conducted in a southern, African American population. A secondary aim was to evaluate whether treating steps/day data for implausible values affected the ability of these data to predict intervention-induced changes in clinical and anthropometric outcomes. Methods: The data used in this secondary analysis were collected in 2010 from 269 participants in a six-month walking intervention targeting a reduction in blood pressure. Throughout the intervention, participants submitted weekly steps/day diaries based on pedometer self-monitoring. Changes (six-month minus baseline) in anthropometric (body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat [%BF], fat mass) and clinical (blood pressure, lipids, glucose) outcomes were evaluated. Associations between steps/day indicators and changes in anthropometric and clinical outcomes were assessed using bivariate tests and multivariable linear regression analysis which controlled for demographic and baseline covariates. Results: Significant negative bivariate associations were observed between steps/day indicators and the majority of anthropometric and clinical outcome changes (r = -0.3 to -0.2: P < 0.05). After controlling for covariates in the regression analysis, only the relationships between steps/day indicators and changes in anthropometric (not clinical) outcomes remained significant. For example, a 1,000 steps/day increase in intervention mean steps/day resulted in a 0.1% decrease in %BF. Results for the three pedometer datasets (full, truncated, and excluded) were similar and yielded few meaningful differences in interpretation of the findings. Conclusions: Several descriptive indicators of steps/day may be useful for predicting anthropometric outcome changes. Further, manipulating steps/day data to address implausible values has little overall effect on the ability to predict these anthropometric changes. C1 [Thomson, Jessica L.] Louisiana State Univ, ARS, USDA, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Landry, Alicia S.; Connell, Carol; Yadrick, Kathy] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Zoellner, Jamie M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Tudor-Locke, Catrine] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Walking Behav Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Webster, Michael] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Human Performance & Recreat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Thomson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, ARS, USDA, 284 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jessica.thomson@ars.usda.gov FU National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities [R24MD002787] FX We thank Karen Zynda, Diana Cuy-Castellanos, Melissa Bonnell, Sarah McMutry, Jeremy Noble, Vickie Reed, Mary Beard, and Latessa Minor for their research support. We are particularly grateful for the participants of the HUB City Steps study. This research was supported by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Award Number R24MD002787. The views expressed are solely those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US government. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 983 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-12-983 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 074QI UT WOS:000313827200001 PM 23153060 ER PT J AU Xu, T Xu, QG Li, H Wang, J Li, QX Shelver, WL Li, J AF Xu, Ting Xu, Qi Gong Li, Hao Wang, Jia Li, Qing X. Shelver, Weilin L. Li, Ji TI Strip-based immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in agricultural products SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Imidacloprid; Thiamethoxam; Insecticide analysis; Strip immunoassay; Food safety ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; RAPID DETECTION; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRUIT JUICES; FLOW-THROUGH; SAMPLES; HONEY; RESIDUES; CARBARYL AB A semiquantitative strip immunoassay was developed for the rapid detection of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in agricultural products using specific nanocolloidal gold-labeled monoclonal antibodies. The conjugates of imidacloprid-BSA, thiamethoxam-BSA and goat anti-mouse IgG were coated on the nitro-cellulose membrane of the strip, serving as test lines and control line, respectively. The flow of the complexes of gold labeled antibodies and insecticides along the strip resulted in intensive color formed on the test lines inversely proportional to the concentrations of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. The visual detection limits of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in assay buffer were 0.5 and 2 ng mL(-1), respectively. Matrix interference of cucumber, tomato, lettuce, apple, and orange on the strip assay could be eliminated by diluting sample extracts with assay buffer. The strip analysis of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in these samples was compared to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the results were in good agreement. The strip was stable for storage more than 5 months at 4 C. The strip assay is a rapid and simple method for the simultaneous screening of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in agricultural products. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Ting; Li, Hao; Wang, Jia; Li, Ji] China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Xu, Qi Gong] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM liji@cau.edu.cn FU Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China [201109009]; Chinese Universities Scientific Fund [2010JS115]; US National Institute on Minority Health; National Center for Research Resources [5 G12 RR003061-26]; US National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities [8 G12 MD007601-26] FX This project was supported in part by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China (201109009), Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (2010JS115), the US National Institute on Minority Health and the National Center for Research Resources (5 G12 RR003061-26) and the US National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (8 G12 MD007601-26). NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 101 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.08.047 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 064OH UT WOS:000313084400013 PM 23158295 ER PT J AU Flores-Ramirez, G Janecek, S Miernyk, JA Skultety, L AF Flores-Ramirez, Gabriela Janecek, Stefan Miernyk, Jan A. Skultety, Ludovit TI In silico biosynthesis of virenose, a methylated deoxy-sugar unique to Coxiella burnetii lipopolysaccharide SO PROTEOME SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coxiella burnetii; LPS; Deoxysugars; Virenose; Biosynthetic pathway ID GDP-D-RHAMNOSE; AVIRULENT PHASE-II; Q-FEVER; SACCHAROPOLYSPORA-ERYTHRAEA; GENE-CLUSTER; PHOSPHOMANNOSE ISOMERASE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; STRUCTURAL BASIS; DEPENDENT METHYLTRANSFERASES AB Background: Coxiella burnetii is Gram-negative bacterium responsible for the zoonosis Q-fever. While it has an obligate intracellular growth habit, it is able to persist for extended periods outside of a host cell and can resist environmental conditions that would be lethal to most prokaryotes. It is these extracellular bacteria that are the infectious stage encountered by eukaryotic hosts. The intracellular form has evolved to grow and replicate within acidified parasitophorous vacuoles. The outer coat of C. burnetii comprises a complex lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component that includes the unique methylated-6-deoxyhexose, virenose. Although potentially important as a biomarker for C. burnetii, the pathway for its biosynthesis remains obscure. Results: The 6-deoxyhexoses constitute a large family integral to the LPS of many eubacteria. It is believed that precursors of the methylated-deoxyhexoses traverse common early biosynthetic steps as nucleotide-monosaccharides. As a prelude to a full biosynthetic characterization, we present herein the results from bioinformatics-based, proteomics-supported predictions of the pathway for virenose synthesis. Alternative possibilities are considered which include both GDP-mannose and TDP-glucose as precursors. Conclusion: We propose that biosynthesis of the unique C. burnetii biomarker, virenose, involves an early pathway similar to that of other C-3'-methylated deoxysugars which then diverges depending upon the nucleotide-carrier involved. The alternatives yield either the D-or L-enantiomers of virenose. Both pathways require five enzymatic steps, beginning with either glucose-6-phosphate or mannose-6-phosphate. Our in silico results comprise a model for virenose biosynthesis that can be directly tested. Definition of this pathway should facilitate the development of therapeutic agents useful for treatment of Q fever, as well as allowing improvements in the methods for diagnosing this highly infectious disease. C1 [Flores-Ramirez, Gabriela; Skultety, Ludovit] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Virol, Dept Rickettsiol, Bratislava 84505, Slovakia. [Janecek, Stefan] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Mol Biol, Lab Prot Evolut, Bratislava 84551, Slovakia. [Miernyk, Jan A.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Miernyk, Jan A.] Univ Missouri, Interdisciplinary Plant Grp, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Miernyk, Jan A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Skultety, Ludovit] Slovak Acad Sci, Ctr Mol Med, Bratislava 83101, Slovakia. RP Skultety, L (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Virol, Dept Rickettsiol, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84505, Slovakia. EM viruludo@savba.sk RI Skultety, Ludovit/N-2160-2014 FU Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic [2/0156/11]; Slovak Academy of Sciences [26240120030, 26240220062]; Research & Development Operational Programme; ERDF FX Part of the cost of this study was supported in part by the following grants: 2/0156/11 of the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences the 26240120030 (TRANSMED2), and 26240220062 (Center for innovative research of anticancer and antiviral strategies) supported by the Research & Development Operational Programme funded by the ERDF. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1477-5956 J9 PROTEOME SCI JI Proteome Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 10 AR 67 DI 10.1186/1477-5956-10-67 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 066IH UT WOS:000313213600001 PM 23150954 ER PT J AU Lazzaro, I Busman, M Battilani, P Butchko, RAE AF Lazzaro, I. Busman, M. Battilani, P. Butchko, R. A. E. TI FUM and BIK gene expression contribute to describe fumonisin and bikaverin synthesis in Fusarium verticillioides SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ecology; Water activity; Secondary metabolites; FUM genes; Real-time PCR ID RED PIGMENT BIKAVERIN; GIBBERELLA-MONILIFORMIS; WATER ACTIVITY; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; MAIZE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROLIFERATUM; FUJIKUROI; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB Fusarium verticillioides is a maize pathogen that produces toxic secondary metabolites, including fumonisins and bikaverin. The regulation of biosynthetic gene expression and the production of these metabolites are not fully understood and in this study we investigated the influence of water activity (0.955 and 0.990) on the expression of 5 genes (FUM3-FUM8-FUM13-FUM14 and BIK1) in F. verticillioides strains after 14 and 21 days incubation. Fumonisin production and biosynthetic gene expression were greatest at a(w) = 0.990, and the same trend was observed for bikaverin production, and BIK1 expression. FUM3 and FUM14 were the most highly expressed genes and were positively correlated with the production of FB1, FB2 and FB3. When FUM14 is more highly expressed than FUM3 the amount of FB3 quantified is higher with respect to FB1; this could be explained by the role of FUM3 in the hydroxylation of FB3 to FB1. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lazzaro, I.; Battilani, P.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Entomol & Plant Pathol, I-29122 Piacenza, Italy. [Busman, M.; Butchko, R. A. E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Battilani, P (reprint author), Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Entomol & Plant Pathol, Via Emilia Parmense 84, I-29122 Piacenza, Italy. EM paola.battilani@unicatt.it OI Battilani, Paola/0000-0003-1287-1711 FU EC [KBBE-2007-222690-2 MYCORED] FX This work was supported by EC KBBE-2007-222690-2 MYCORED. The first author carried out this work within the PhD School Agrisystem of the UCSC, Italy. We thank Crystal E. Probyn for technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 160 IS 2 BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.10.004 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 055NG UT WOS:000312423000002 PM 23177047 ER PT J AU Zalesny, RS Donner, DM Coyle, DR Headlee, WL AF Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr. Donner, Deahn M. Coyle, David R. Headlee, William L. TI An approach for siting poplar energy production systems to increase productivity and associated ecosystem services SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE 3-PG; Biofuels; Bioenergy; Bioproducts; Populus; Productivity modeling ID ROTATION WOODY CROPS; HYBRID POPLAR; UNITED-STATES; WATER-USE; DROUGHT RESISTANCE; AGRICULTURAL LAND; XYLEM CAVITATION; ECONOMIC-IMPACTS; USE EFFICIENCY; POPULUS AB Short rotation woody crops such as Populus spp. and their hybrids (i.e., poplars) are a significant component of the total biofuels and bioenergy feedstock resource in the USA. Production of these dedicated energy crops may result in large-scale land conversion, which leads to questions about their economic, logistic, and ecologic feasibility. To address such concerns, we used available social (i.e., land ownership and cover) and biophysical (i.e., climate and soil characteristics) spatial data to map eligible lands suitable for establishing and growing poplar biomass for bioenergy crops across Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA. We confirmed the validity of this mapping technique by sampling and assessing biotic variables within locations identified on the maps. Lastly, we estimated potential poplar productivity within identified areas using a process-based growth model (3-PG) to determine spatial distribution of productive lands across the study area. Overall, eligible lands suitable for poplar production systems totaled 373,630 ha across both states, representing 30.8% of the study area and a total potential aboveground yield at the end of a 10-year rotation of 36.2-42.6 dry Tg. Poplar biomass ranged from 9.5 +/- 0.3 to 11.9 +/- 0.2 dry Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) across both states, with an overall mean of 10.0 +/- 0.1 dry Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). While this novel approach was validated for Minnesota and Wisconsin, our methodology was developed to be useful across a wide range of geographic conditions, irrespective of intra-regional variability in site and climate parameters. Thus, this information is vital for siting poplar energy production systems to increase productivity and associated ecosystem services, and is widely applicable to woody biomass production systems worldwide. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr.; Donner, Deahn M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Coyle, David R.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Headlee, William L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zalesny, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service Northern Research Station - Research Work Unit [RWU-NRS-13]; Wisconsin FOCUS ON ENERGY Program FX This study was funded by the US Forest Service Northern Research Station - Research Work Unit RWU-NRS-13, and the Wisconsin FOCUS ON ENERGY Program. We thank Sue Lietz and Tina Baumann for data management and GIS support; Xindi Bian for providing the NARR data; Bruce Birr, Adam Wiese, and Dan Baumann for field and laboratory assistance; Richard Hall for insightful discussions and guidance; Dan Langseth and Mike Young for valuable IMPP information and access to field sites; Kathryn Eggers, Gayathri Gopalakrishnan, Eric Gustafson, and Richard Hall for review of earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 284 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.022 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 035KN UT WOS:000310945600005 ER PT J AU Ramjohn, IA Murphy, PG Burton, TM Lugo, AE AF Ramjohn, Ian A. Murphy, Peter G. Burton, Thomas M. Lugo, Ariel E. TI Survival and rebound of Antillean dry forests: Role of forest fragments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest fragmentation; Land-use change; Puerto Rico; Subtropical dry forest; Novel ecosystems ID PUERTO-RICO; CENTRAL-AMERICA; LAND-USE; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; JAMAICA; ISLAND; AREAS AB Antillean dry forests have experienced high levels of human impact for almost five centuries. Economic changes in the second half of the 20th century have facilitated forest recovery in Puerto Rico. We quantified the extent of forest cover and the community composition of representative forest fragments in the subtropical dry forest life zone (sensu Holdridge, 1967) in southwestern Puerto Rico. Forest cover, which was largely eliminated by the 1940s, stood at 48% in the western dry forest life zone in 1993. Fragments varied in land-use history and supported from 1% to 86% of the reference species sampled in Guanica Forest, a 4000-ha protected area. Reference species were well represented in forest fragments, even those smaller than 1 ha, if they had never been completely cleared, but were uncommon in forests regenerating on previously cleared sites. The studied fragments are novel ecosystems which combine native and introduced elements; Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit, an introduced legume, was the most common species, regardless of land-use history. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramjohn, Ian A.; Murphy, Peter G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Burton, Thomas M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lugo, Ariel E.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Ramjohn, IA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM iramjohn@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry; Paul Taylor Fund; Ecology, Evolution and Behavioral Biology Program at Michigan State University FX This research was funded in part by the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, with additional support from the Paul Taylor Fund, and the Ecology, Evolution and Behavioral Biology Program at Michigan State University. Work was conducted in collaboration with the University of Puerto Rico. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 284 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.001 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 035KN UT WOS:000310945600014 ER PT J AU Collins, BJ Rhoades, CC Battaglia, MA Hubbard, RM AF Collins, B. J. Rhoades, C. C. Battaglia, M. A. Hubbard, R. M. TI The effects of bark beetle outbreaks on forest development, fuel loads and potential fire behavior in salvage logged and untreated lodgepole pine forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mountain pine beetle; Salvage logging; Fire behavior; Rocky Mountains; Lodgepole pine ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; CROWN FIRE; STAND DEVELOPMENT; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; DRY FORESTS; COLORADO; WILDFIRE AB Recent mountain pine beetle infestations have resulted in widespread tree mortality and the accumulation of dead woody fuels across the Rocky Mountain region, creating concerns over future forest stand conditions and fire behavior. We quantified how salvage logging influenced tree regeneration and fuel loads relative to nearby, uncut stands for 24 lodgepole pine forests in north-central Colorado that had experienced >70% overstory mortality from mountain pine beetles. We used our field measurements to predict changes in fuel loads and potential fire behavior in the forests that develop over the century following the outbreak and associated harvesting. Our field measurements and stand development projections suggest that salvage logging will alter the potential for canopy fire behavior in future stands by creating conditions that promote regeneration of lodgepole pine and quaking aspen as opposed to subalpine fir. The abundant subalpine fir that has regenerated in untreated, beetle-killed stands is predicted to form a stratum of ladder fuels more likely to allow fires burning on the surface to spread into the forest canopy. Harvesting increased woody surface fuels more than 3-fold compared to untreated stands immediately after treatments; however, coarse fuels will increase substantially (by similar to 55 Mg ha(-1)) in untreated stands within three decades of the beetle infestation as dead trees topple, and the elevated fuel loads will persist for more than a century. Though salvage logging will treat a small fraction of beetle-infested Colorado forests, in those areas treatment will affect stand development and fuel loads and will alter potential fire behavior for more than a century. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Collins, B. J.; Rhoades, C. C.; Battaglia, M. A.; Hubbard, R. M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Collins, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bcollins02@fs.fed.us RI Hubbard, Robert/J-6059-2012 FU Joint Fire Science Program [09-1-06-16]; US Forest Service; R2 Bark Beetle Incident Team; Chief's Emergency Fund program; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Colorado Water Conservation Board FX This study was supported by Joint Fire Science Program grant 09-1-06-16 that built upon research established with support from the US Forest Service, R2 Bark Beetle Incident Team, the US Forest Service, Chief's Emergency Fund program, the Rocky Mountain Research Station and the Colorado Water Conservation Board. All these sources are gratefully acknowledged. Without the flexibility and assistance of line officers and timber and fuel managers of the Arapaho-Roosevelt and Medicine-Bow National Forests and the Colorado State Forest Service this research would not have been possible. Thanks to Kelly Elder, Mark Dixon and Banning Starr of the Fraser Experimental Forest for the use of FEF resources and logistical support. The authors also thank Scott Baggett, for statistical expertise, Daniel Bowker and Lance Asherin for assistance with geographic information systems and growth projections, Dan Binkley, Susan Miller, Paula Fornwalt, Monique Rocca and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript and numerous individuals for assistance with field measurements. NR 61 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 98 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 284 BP 260 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.027 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 035KN UT WOS:000310945600028 ER PT J AU Groenen, MAM Archibald, AL Uenishi, H Tuggle, CK Takeuchi, Y Rothschild, MF Rogel-Gaillard, C Park, C Milan, D Megens, HJ Li, ST Larkin, DM Kim, H Frantz, LAF Caccamo, M Ahn, H Aken, BL Anselmo, A Anthon, C Auvil, L Badaoui, B Beattie, CW Bendixen, C Berman, D Blecha, F Blomberg, J Bolund, L Bosse, M Botti, S Zhan, BJ Bystrom, M Capitanu, B Carvalho-Silva, D Chardon, P Chen, C Cheng, R Choi, SH Chow, W Clark, RC Clee, C Crooijmans, RPMA Dawson, HD Dehais, P De Sapio, F Dibbits, B Drou, N Du, ZQ Eversole, K Fadista, J Fairley, S Faraut, T Faulkner, GJ Fowler, KE Fredholm, M Fritz, E Gilbert, JGR Giuffra, E Gorodkin, J Griffin, DK Harrow, JL Hayward, A Howe, K Hu, ZL Humphray, SJ Hunt, T Hornshoj, H Jeon, JT Jern, P Jones, M Jurka, J Kanamori, H Kapetanovic, R Kim, J Kim, JH Kim, KW Kim, TH Larson, G Lee, K Lee, KT Leggett, R Lewin, HA Li, YR Liu, WS Loveland, JE Lu, Y Lunney, JK Ma, J Madsen, O Mann, K Matthews, L McLaren, S Morozumi, T Murtaugh, MP Narayan, J Nguyen, DT Ni, PX Oh, SJ Onteru, S Panitz, F Park, EW Park, HS Pascal, G Paudel, Y Perez-Enciso, M Ramirez-Gonzalez, R Reecy, JM Rodriguez-Zas, S Rohrer, GA Rund, L Sang, YM Schachtschneider, K Schraiber, JG Schwartz, J Scobie, L Scott, C Searle, S Servin, B Southey, BR Sperber, G Stadler, P Sweedler, JV Tafer, H Thomsen, B Wali, R Wang, J Wang, J White, S Xu, X Yerle, M Zhang, GJ Zhang, JG Zhang, J Zhao, SH Rogers, J Churcher, C Schook, LB AF Groenen, Martien A. M. Archibald, Alan L. Uenishi, Hirohide Tuggle, Christopher K. Takeuchi, Yasuhiro Rothschild, Max F. Rogel-Gaillard, Claire Park, Chankyu Milan, Denis Megens, Hendrik-Jan Li, Shengting Larkin, Denis M. Kim, Heebal Frantz, Laurent A. F. Caccamo, Mario Ahn, Hyeonju Aken, Bronwen L. Anselmo, Anna Anthon, Christian Auvil, Loretta Badaoui, Bouabid Beattie, Craig W. Bendixen, Christian Berman, Daniel Blecha, Frank Blomberg, Jonas Bolund, Lars Bosse, Mirte Botti, Sara Zhan Bujie Bystrom, Megan Capitanu, Boris Carvalho-Silva, Denise Chardon, Patrick Chen, Celine Cheng, Ryan Choi, Sang-Haeng Chow, William Clark, Richard C. Clee, Christopher Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A. Dawson, Harry D. Dehais, Patrice De Sapio, Fioravante Dibbits, Bert Drou, Nizar Du, Zhi-Qiang Eversole, Kellye Fadista, Joao Fairley, Susan Faraut, Thomas Faulkner, Geoffrey J. Fowler, Katie E. Fredholm, Merete Fritz, Eric Gilbert, James G. R. Giuffra, Elisabetta Gorodkin, Jan Griffin, Darren K. Harrow, Jennifer L. Hayward, Alexander Howe, Kerstin Hu, Zhi-Liang Humphray, Sean J. Hunt, Toby Hornshoj, Henrik Jeon, Jin-Tae Jern, Patric Jones, Matthew Jurka, Jerzy Kanamori, Hiroyuki Kapetanovic, Ronan Kim, Jaebum Kim, Jae-Hwan Kim, Kyu-Won Kim, Tae-Hun Larson, Greger Lee, Kyooyeol Lee, Kyung-Tai Leggett, Richard Lewin, Harris A. Li, Yingrui Liu, Wansheng Loveland, Jane E. Lu, Yao Lunney, Joan K. Ma, Jian Madsen, Ole Mann, Katherine Matthews, Lucy McLaren, Stuart Morozumi, Takeya Murtaugh, Michael P. Narayan, Jitendra Dinh Truong Nguyen Ni, Peixiang Oh, Song-Jung Onteru, Suneel Panitz, Frank Park, Eung-Woo Park, Hong-Seog Pascal, Geraldine Paudel, Yogesh Perez-Enciso, Miguel Ramirez-Gonzalez, Ricardo Reecy, James M. Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra Rohrer, Gary A. Rund, Lauretta Sang, Yongming Schachtschneider, Kyle Schraiber, Joshua G. Schwartz, John Scobie, Linda Scott, Carol Searle, Stephen Servin, Bertrand Southey, Bruce R. Sperber, Goran Stadler, Peter Sweedler, Jonathan V. Tafer, Hakim Thomsen, Bo Wali, Rashmi Wang, Jian Wang, Jun White, Simon Xu, Xun Yerle, Martine Zhang, Guojie Zhang, Jianguo Zhang, Jie Zhao, Shuhong Rogers, Jane Churcher, Carol Schook, Lawrence B. TI Analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SUS-SCROFA; SEQUENCE; GENE; RECEPTOR; LOCUS; VARIANTS; COMPLEX; TASTE AB For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars similar to 1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model. C1 [Groenen, Martien A. M.; Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Frantz, Laurent A. F.; Bosse, Mirte; Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A.; Dibbits, Bert; Madsen, Ole; Paudel, Yogesh] Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, NL-6708 WD Wageningen, Netherlands. [Archibald, Alan L.; De Sapio, Fioravante; Faulkner, Geoffrey J.; Kapetanovic, Ronan] Univ Edinburgh, Roslin Inst, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. [Archibald, Alan L.; De Sapio, Fioravante; Faulkner, Geoffrey J.; Kapetanovic, Ronan] Univ Edinburgh, R D SVS, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. [Uenishi, Hirohide; Kanamori, Hiroyuki] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Tuggle, Christopher K.; Rothschild, Max F.; Bystrom, Megan; Cheng, Ryan; Du, Zhi-Qiang; Fritz, Eric; Hu, Zhi-Liang; Onteru, Suneel; Reecy, James M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tuggle, Christopher K.; Rothschild, Max F.; Bystrom, Megan; Cheng, Ryan; Du, Zhi-Qiang; Fritz, Eric; Hu, Zhi-Liang; Onteru, Suneel; Reecy, James M.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Integrated Anim Genom, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Takeuchi, Yasuhiro] UCL, Div Infect & Immun, MRC, UCL Ctr Med Mol Virol, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Takeuchi, Yasuhiro] UCL, Div Infect & Immun, Wohl Vir Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Rogel-Gaillard, Claire; Chardon, Patrick; Giuffra, Elisabetta] INRA, Lab Anim Genet & Integrat Biol, Lab Radiobiol & Etud Genome, AgroParisTech,CEA,DSV,IRCM, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France. [Park, Chankyu; Kim, Jaebum; Lee, Kyooyeol; Dinh Truong Nguyen] Konkuk Univ, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Milan, Denis; Dehais, Patrice; Faraut, Thomas; Servin, Bertrand; Yerle, Martine] INRA, Lab Genet Cellulaire, F-31320 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Li, Shengting; Bolund, Lars; Li, Yingrui; Lu, Yao; Ni, Peixiang; Wang, Jian; Wang, Jun; Xu, Xun; Zhang, Guojie; Zhang, Jianguo] BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China. [Li, Shengting; Bolund, Lars] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biomed, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Larkin, Denis M.; Narayan, Jitendra] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Ceredigion, Wales. [Kim, Heebal; Ahn, Hyeonju] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol & C&K Genom, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Caccamo, Mario; Drou, Nizar; Leggett, Richard; Ramirez-Gonzalez, Ricardo; Rogers, Jane] Genome Anal Ctr, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Aken, Bronwen L.; Chow, William; Clark, Richard C.; Clee, Christopher; Fairley, Susan; Gilbert, James G. R.; Harrow, Jennifer L.; Howe, Kerstin; Humphray, Sean J.; Hunt, Toby; Jones, Matthew; Loveland, Jane E.; Matthews, Lucy; McLaren, Stuart; Scott, Carol; Searle, Stephen; White, Simon; Churcher, Carol] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton CB10 1SA, Cambs, England. [Anselmo, Anna; Badaoui, Bouabid; Botti, Sara; Giuffra, Elisabetta] Parco Tecnol Padano, I-26900 Lodi, Italy. [Anthon, Christian; Fredholm, Merete; Gorodkin, Jan] IBHV Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Noncoding RNA Technol & Hlth, Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Auvil, Loretta; Capitanu, Boris] Univ Illinois, Illinois Informat Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Beattie, Craig W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Bendixen, Christian; Zhan Bujie; Fadista, Joao; Hornshoj, Henrik; Panitz, Frank; Thomsen, Bo] Aarhus Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. [Berman, Daniel; Lunney, Joan K.; Mann, Katherine] USDA ARS, BARC Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Blecha, Frank; Sang, Yongming] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat & Physiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Blomberg, Jonas] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Acad Hosp, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. [Carvalho-Silva, Denise] European Bioinformat Inst, Hinxton CB10 1SD, Cambs, England. [Chen, Celine; Dawson, Harry D.] USDA, Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Choi, Sang-Haeng; Park, Hong-Seog] Korean Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Taejon 305806, South Korea. [Eversole, Kellye] Eversole Associates, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. [Eversole, Kellye] Alliance Anim Genome Res, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. [Fowler, Katie E.; Griffin, Darren K.] Univ Kent, Sch Biosci, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, England. [Hayward, Alexander; Jern, Patric] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, Sci Life Lab, BMC, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. [Jeon, Jin-Tae] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Jurka, Jerzy] Genet Informat Res Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Kanamori, Hiroyuki; Morozumi, Takeya] Inst Japan Assoc Technoinnovat Agr Forestry & Fis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050854, Japan. [Kim, Jaebum] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kim, Jae-Hwan] Natl Inst Anim Sci, Anim Genet Resources Stn, RDA, Namwon 590832, South Korea. [Kim, Kyu-Won] C&K Genom, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Kim, Tae-Hun; Lee, Kyung-Tai; Park, Eung-Woo] Natl Inst Anim Sci, Anim Genom & Bioinformat Div, RDA, Suwon 441706, South Korea. [Larson, Greger] Univ Durham, Dept Archaeol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Lewin, Harris A.] Univ Calif Davis, UC Davis Genome Ctr, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Liu, Wansheng] Penn State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, CRBH, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ma, Jian] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ma, Jian] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Murtaugh, Michael P.; Schwartz, John] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Oh, Song-Jung] Jeju Natl Univ, Cheju 690756, South Korea. [Pascal, Geraldine] INRA, CNRS, UMR85, IFCE,Physiol Reprod & Comportements UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. [Pascal, Geraldine] Univ Tours, F-37041 Tours, France. [Perez-Enciso, Miguel] CRAG, ICREA, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. [Perez-Enciso, Miguel] UAB, Fac Vet, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. [Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra; Rund, Lauretta; Schachtschneider, Kyle; Southey, Bruce R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rohrer, Gary A.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Schraiber, Joshua G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Scobie, Linda; Wali, Rashmi] Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Dept Life Sci, Glasgow G4 0BA, Lanark, Scotland. [Sperber, Goran] Uppsala Univ, Biomed Ctr, Dept Neurosci, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. [Stadler, Peter; Tafer, Hakim] Univ Leipzig, Dept Comp Sci, Interdisciplinary Ctr Bioinformat, Bioinformat Grp, Leipzig, Germany. [Sweedler, Jonathan V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wang, Jun] Univ Copenhagen, Novo Nordisk Fdn Ctr Basic Metab Res, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Wang, Jun] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Zhang, Guojie] BGI Europe, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. [Zhang, Jie; Zhao, Shuhong] Huazhong Agr Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Anim Genet Breeding & Reprod, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Schook, Lawrence B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Schook, Lawrence B.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Groenen, MAM (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, Elst 1, NL-6708 WD Wageningen, Netherlands. EM martien.groenen@wur.nl; alan.archibald@roslin.ed.ac.uk RI Megens, Hendrik-Jan/E-9676-2010; Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; PASCAL, Geraldine/A-7041-2008; Giuffra, Elisabetta/I-3201-2013; Madsen, Ole/E-3730-2012; PASCAL, Geraldine/L-4519-2013; Sweedler, Jonathan/A-9405-2009; Zhang, Guojie/B-6188-2014; kapetanovic, ronan/G-8322-2012; Giuffra, Elisabetta/J-8080-2014; Navntoft, Anne Mette/G-8527-2013; Jensen, Betina/J-2207-2015; Li, Yingrui/K-1064-2015; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016; Stadler, Peter F./L-7857-2015; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Faulkner, Geoffrey/M-3168-2014; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Bed'Hom, Bertrand/G-7313-2011; Panitz, Frank/A-3281-2017; Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012; OI Megens, Hendrik-Jan/0000-0002-3619-7533; Madsen, Ole/0000-0001-8082-7881; Sweedler, Jonathan/0000-0003-3107-9922; Zhang, Guojie/0000-0001-6860-1521; Ramirez Gonzalez, Ricardo Humberto/0000-0001-5745-7085; Leggett, Richard/0000-0003-3044-4297; Howe, Kerstin/0000-0003-2237-513X; Chow, William/0000-0002-9056-201X; Schwartz, John C/0000-0003-2057-1831; Servin, Bertrand/0000-0001-5141-0913; Aken, Bronwen/0000-0002-3032-4095; Fairley, Susan/0000-0001-9425-0788; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874; Schook, Lawrence/0000-0002-6580-8364; Stadler, Peter F./0000-0002-5016-5191; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Faulkner, Geoffrey/0000-0001-5769-4494; Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Bed'Hom, Bertrand/0000-0002-0825-0886; Panitz, Frank/0000-0002-6909-5162; fadista, joao/0000-0001-7558-7043; Hunt, Toby/0000-0001-8377-0841; Hayward, Alexander/0000-0001-7413-718X; Gilbert, James/0000-0001-8079-3159; Carvalho Silva, Denise/0000-0001-5662-1840; Fredholm, Merete/0000-0002-3563-7648; Tafer, Hakim/0000-0002-6252-9802; Bosse, Mirte/0000-0003-2433-2483; Perez-Enciso, Miguel/0000-0003-3524-995X; Kim, Heebal/0000-0003-3064-1303; Blomberg, Jonas/0000-0001-6492-2491; rund, laurie/0000-0003-0761-7196; Archibald, Alan/0000-0001-9213-1830; Fowler, Katie/0000-0003-0359-2390; Gorodkin, Jan/0000-0001-5823-4000; Jern, Patric/0000-0003-3393-5825; Schachtschneider, Kyle/0000-0002-7293-8642 FU USDA CSREES/NIFA Swine Genome Coordination Program; College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University; North Carolina Agricultural Research Service; USA National Pork Board; Iowa Pork Producers Association; North Carolina Pork Council; Danish government; TOPIGS Research Center IPG The Netherlands; INRA Genescope, France; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and BGI.; BBSRC [BB/E010520/1, BB/E010520/2, BB/I025328/1, BB/H005935/1, BB/G004013/1]; EC FP6 'Cutting edge genomics for sustainable animal breeding (SABRE)'; EC FP7 'Quantomics'; Australian NHMRC [575585]; Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program [PJ009019, PJ0081162012, PJ0080892011]; RDA, Republic of Korea; Ministry of Research (Spain); NIH [R13 RR020283A, NIH R13 RR032267A, ILLU 535-314, ILLU 538-379, ILLU-538-312, ILLU-538-34, 5 P41LM006252, P20-RR017686, 5 P41 LM006252]; CSREES; NIFA; MAFF [IRPPIAUGT-AG 1101/1201]; USDA-NRSP8 Bioinformatics Coordination and Pig Genome Coordination funds; US-UK Fulbright Commission; USDA-ARS Project Plan [1235-51000-055-00D, 1265-32000-098-00D]; USDA AFRI NIFA/DHS [2010-39559-21860]; USDA ARS; USDA-NRSP8 Bioinformatics; NSFC [31025026]; Swedish Research Council FORMAS; Swedish Wenner-Gren Foundations; European Commission [LSHB-CT-2006-037377]; BioGreen21; RDA [PJ00622901, PJ00622902, PJ00622903, 20040301034467]; European Research Council under the European Community [249894]; NIH NIDA [P30 DA018310, R21 DA027548]; ANR [ANR07-GANI-001]; FTP/DFF [09-066598]; DSF/Strategic Growth Technologies [09-067036]; Lundbeck foundation [374/06]; DCSC (Scientific Computing); Funds for International Cooperation from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2002AA229061]; PL-Grid project: [POIG.02.03.00-00-007/08-00]; USDA-NIFA-CREES [AG 2006-35216-16668, AG 2002-34480-11828, AG 2003-34480-13172, AG 2004-34480-14417, AG 2005-34480-15939, AG 2006-34480-17150, AG 2008-34480-19328, AG 2009-34480-19875, AG 2002-35205-12712, AG 2008-35205-18769, AG 2009-65205-05642, AG 2004-3881-02193]; [USDA-NRI-2009-35205-05192]; [USDA-NRI-2006-35204-17337] FX The authors recognize the contributions of the following individuals towards the establishment of the Swine Genome Sequencing Consortium and their leadership in realizing this effort: J. Jen, P. J. Burfening, D. Hamernik, R. A. Easter, N. Merchen, R. D. Green, J. Cassady, B. Harlizius, M. Boggess and M. Stratton. Also the authors acknowledge A. Hernandez, C. Wright at the University of Illinois Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics; N. Bruneau and Prof. Ning Li for their contribution to PERV studies; D. Goodband and D. Berman for their efforts in genome annotation; D. Grafham of the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute for his efforts in the genome assembly and J. Hedegaard, M. Nielsen and R. O. Nielsen for their contribution on the miRNA analysis. We also recognize contributions from the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences and the Institute of Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Japan, H. Shinkai, T. Eguchi-Ogawa, K. Suzuki, D. Toki, T. Matsumoto, N. Fujishima-Kanaya, A. Mikawa, N. Okumura, M. Tanaka-Matsuda, K. Kurita, H. Sasaki, K. Kamiya, A. Kikuta, T. Bito and N. Fujitsuka. We acknowledge support from the USDA CSREES/NIFA Swine Genome Coordination Program, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University; North Carolina Agricultural Research Service; USA National Pork Board; Iowa Pork Producers Association; North Carolina Pork Council; Danish government; TOPIGS Research Center IPG The Netherlands; INRA Genescope, France; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and BGI. We are grateful to the genome team at NCBI for their assistance in checking the Sscrofa 10.2 assembly and for their independent annotation of the sequence. This project was also partially supported by grants: BBSRC grants (Ensembl): BB/E010520/1, BB/E010520/2, BB/I025328/1; EC FP6 'Cutting edge genomics for sustainable animal breeding (SABRE)'; EC FP7 'Quantomics'; C. J. Martin Overseas Based Biomedical Fellowship from the Australian NHMRC (575585); BBSRC (BB/H005935/1); Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (PJ009019, PJ0081162012), RDA, Republic of Korea; Consolider programme from Ministry of Research (Spain); NIH R13 RR020283A; NIH R13 RR032267A; ILLU 535-314; ILLU 538-379; ILLU-538-312; ILLU-538-34; CSREES, NIFA for funding genome coordination activities; NIH grant 5 P41LM006252; MAFF grants (IRPPIAUGT-AG 1101/1201); USDA-NRI-2009-35205-05192; USDA-NRSP8 Bioinformatics Coordination and Pig Genome Coordination funds; US-UK Fulbright Commission; Next-Generation BioGreen 21 (no. PJ0080892011) Program, RDA, Republic of Korea; USDA-ARS Project Plan 1235-51000-055-00D; USDA-ARS Project Plan 1265-32000-098-00D; USDA-NRI-2006-35204-17337 USDA AFRI NIFA/DHS 2010-39559-21860; NIH P20-RR017686; USDA ARS; USDA-NRSP8 Bioinformatics; USDA ARS Beltsville Area Summer Undergraduate Fellowships; BBSRC grant BB/G004013/1; NSFC Outstanding Youth grant (31025026); The Swedish Research Council FORMAS; The Swedish Wenner-Gren Foundations; European Commission FP6 funded project LSHB-CT-2006-037377; BioGreen21, RDA grant PJ00622901; BioGreen21, RDA grant PJ00622902; BioGreen21, RDA grant PJ00622903; BioGreen21, RDA grant PJ00622903. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no.; 249894 (SelSweep); NIH P20-RR017686; NIH NIDA P30 DA018310; NIH NIDA R21 DA027548; NIAS, RDA grant PJ001758; BioGreen21, RDA grant PJ006229; NIAS, RDA grant 20040301034467; ANR grant ANR07-GANI-001 DeliSus; Danish funding agencies: FTP/DFF (09-066598); DSF/Strategic Growth Technologies (09-067036); the Lundbeck foundation (374/06); DCSC (Scientific Computing); The Funds for International Cooperation from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China 2002AA229061; PL-Grid project: POIG.02.03.00-00-007/08-00 'Genome Assembly'; USDA-NIFA-CREES AG 2006-35216-16668; AG 2002-34480-11828; AG 2003-34480-13172; AG 2004-34480-14417; AG 2005-34480-15939; AG 2006-34480-17150; AG 2008-34480-19328; AG 2009-34480-19875; AG 2002-35205-12712; somatic cell genomics: Integrating QTL Discovery and Validation; AG 2008-35205-18769; AG 2009-65205-05642; AG 2004-3881-02193; AG 2011-67015-30229; AG 58-5438-2-313; AG 58-5438-7-317; and AG 58-0208-7-149; NIH grant 5 P41 LM006252. NR 45 TC 398 Z9 413 U1 22 U2 240 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 491 IS 7424 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1038/nature11622 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 036MY UT WOS:000311031600036 PM 23151582 ER PT J AU Cardoso, F Shelton, D Sadeghi, A Shirmohammadi, A Pachepsky, Y Dulaney, W AF Cardoso, Fatima Shelton, Daniel Sadeghi, Ali Shirmohammadi, Adel Pachepsky, Yakov Dulaney, Wayne TI Effectiveness of vegetated filter strips in retention of Escherichia coli and Salmonella from swine manure slurry SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Vegetative filter strips (VFS); Lysimeter; Escherichia Coli; Miniflumes; Salmonella; Runoff ID OVERLAND-FLOW; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; RUNOFF; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; WATER; INFILTRATION; QUALITY; SOIL AB Vegetated filter strips (VFS) are commonly recommended as a best management practice to prevent manure-borne microorganisms from reaching surface water resources. However, relatively little is known about the efficacy of VFS in mitigating bacterial runoff from land-applied swine manure. A field lysimeter study was designed to evaluate the effect of surface soil hydrologic conditions and vegetation on the retention of swine manure-borne Escherichia coli and Salmonella under simulated rainfall conditions. Experimental plots (6.5 m x 3.9 m) were set on a 5% slope lysimeter with loamy topsoil, clay loam or loam subsoil and a controllable groundwater level. Three small flow-intercepting miniflumes were installed 4.5 m from the plot's top, while all remaining runoff was collected in a gutter at the bottom. Plots were divided into bare soil and grass vegetation and upper surface soil moisture before rainfall events was controlled by the subsurface groundwater level. Swine manure slurry inoculated with E. coli and Salmonella, and with added bromide tracer, was applied on the top of the plots and simultaneously initiated the simulated rainfall. Runoff was collected and analyzed every 5 min. No substantial differences between retention of E. coli and Salmonella were found. In initially wet soil surface conditions, there was limited infiltration both in bare and in vegetated plots; almost all bromide and about 30% of bacteria were recovered in runoff water. In initially dry soil surface conditions, there were substantial discrepancies between bare and vegetated plots. In bare plots, recoveries of runoff water, bromide and bacteria under dry conditions were comparable to wet conditions. However, in dry vegetated plots, from 50% to 75% of water was lost to infiltration, while bromide recoveries ranged from 14 to 36% and bacteria recovery was only 5%. Substantial intraplot heterogeneity was revealed by the data from miniflumes. GIS analysis of the plot microtopography showed that miniflumes located in the zones of flow convergence collected the majority of bacteria. Overall, the efficiency of VFS, with respect to the retention of swine manure bacteria, varied dramatically depending upon the hydrologic soil surface condition. Consequently, VFS recommendations should account for expected amounts of surface soil water saturation as well as the relative soil water storage capacity of the VFS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sadeghi, Ali; Dulaney, Wayne] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cardoso, Fatima; Shirmohammadi, Adel] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shelton, Daniel; Pachepsky, Yakov] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sadeghi, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ali.Sadeghi@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 110 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.05.012 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015ZK UT WOS:000309486700001 PM 22705854 ER PT J AU Miguel, RE Ippolito, JA Leytem, AB Porta, AA Noriega, RBB Dungan, RS AF Miguel, Roberto E. Ippolito, James A. Leytem, April B. Porta, Atilio A. Banda Noriega, Roxana B. Dungan, Robert S. TI Analysis of total metals in waste molding and core sands from ferrous and non-ferrous foundries SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Beneficial use; Binder; Core; Foundry; Metals; Molding sand ID PYROLYSIS AB Waste molding and core sands from the foundry industry are successfully being used around the world in geotechnical and soil-related applications. Although waste foundry sands (WFSs) are generally not hazardous in nature, relevant data is currently not available in Argentina. This study aimed to quantify metals in waste molding and core sands from foundries using a variety of metal-binder combinations. Metal concentrations in WFSs were compared to those in virgin silica sands (VSSs), surface soils and soil guidance levels. A total analysis for Ag, Al, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Te, Tl, V, and Zn was conducted on 96 WFSs and 14 VSSs collected from 17 small and medium-sized foundries. The majority of WFSs analyzed, regardless of metal cast and binder type, contained metal concentrations similar to those found in VSSs and native soils. In several cases where alkyd urethane binder was used, Co and Pb concentrations were elevated in the waste sands. Elevated Cr, Mo, Ni, and Tl concentrations associated with VSSs should not be an issue since these metals are bound within the silica sand matrix. Because of the naturally low metal concentrations found in most WFSs examined in this study, they should not be considered hazardous waste, thus making them available for encapsulated and unencapsulated beneficial use applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ippolito, James A.; Leytem, April B.; Dungan, Robert S.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Miguel, Roberto E.; Banda Noriega, Roxana B.] Univ Nacl Ctr Prov Buenos Aires, Ctr Invest & Estudios Ambientales, Becario CONICET, RA-7000 Tandil, Bs As, Argentina. [Porta, Atilio A.] Univ Nacl La Plata, Lab Ingn Sanitaria, RA-1900 La Plata, Bs As, Argentina. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 110 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.05.025 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015ZK UT WOS:000309486700009 PM 22738693 ER PT J AU Drake, JE Oishi, AC Giasson, MA Oren, R Johnsen, KH Finzi, AC AF Drake, J. E. Oishi, A. C. Giasson, M. -A. Oren, R. Johnsen, K. H. Finzi, A. C. TI Trenching reduces soil heterotrophic activity in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forest exposed to elevated atmospheric [CO2] and N fertilization SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Elevated carbon dioxide; Nitrogen fertilization; Trenching; Priming; Root respiration; Heterotrophic respiration ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; WARM-TEMPERATE FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; RESPIRATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Forests return large quantities of C to the atmosphere through soil respiration (R-soil), which is often conceptually separated into autotrophic C respired by living roots (R-root) and heterotrophic decomposition (R-het) of soil organic matter (SOM). Live roots provide C sources for microbial metabolism via exudation, allocation to fungal associates, sloughed-off cells, and secretions such as mucilage production, suggesting a coupling between the activity of roots and heterotrophs. We addressed the strength of root effects on the activity of microbes and exo-enzymes by removing live-root-C inputs to areas of soil with a trenching experiment. We examined the extent to which trenching affected metrics of soil heterotrophic activity (proteolytic enzyme activity, microbial respiration, potential net N mineralization and nitrification, and exo-enzyme activities) in a forest exposed to elevated atmospheric [CO2] and N fertilization, and used automated measurements of R-soil in trenched and un-trenched plots to estimate R-root and R-het components. Trenching decreased many metrics of heterotrophic activity and increased net N mineralization and nitrification, suggesting that the removal of root-C inputs reduced R-het by exacerbating microbial C limitation and stimulating waste-N excretion. This trenching effect was muted by N fertilization alone but not when N fertilization was combined with elevated CO2, consistent with known patterns of below-ground C allocation at this site. Live-root-C inputs to soils and heterotrophic activity are tightly coupled, so root severing techniques like trenching are not likely to achieve robust quantitative estimates of Rroot or R-het. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Drake, J. E.; Giasson, M. -A.; Finzi, A. C.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Oishi, A. C.; Oren, R.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Oren, R.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Johnsen, K. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Drake, JE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jedrake@bu.edu RI Drake, John/N-8490-2014; Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016 OI Drake, John/0000-0003-4274-4780; Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-95ER62083]; Southeast Regional Center (SERC) of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) [DE-FC02-03ER63613]; DOE (BER) grant [DE-FG02-04ERG384]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-35107-04500]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0236356] FX We gratefully acknowledge Robert Nettles and George Hendrey (Brookhaven National Laboratory) for operation of the Duke FACE experiment, as well as Jeffery Pippen (Duke University) and Judd Edeburn (Duke Forest) for logistical support. Chris Black (University of Illinois) provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank Winston MacDonald (Boston University) for his help in collecting and processing soil samples. We are grateful to the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station Laboratory for the design of the ACES soil respiration system. We thank members of the Triangle Residential Opportunities for Substance Abusers for digging the trenches. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DOE) grant no. DE-FG02-95ER62083 and through its Southeast Regional Center (SERC) of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) under cooperative agreement no. DE-FC02-03ER63613. Additional support was provided by DOE (BER) grant no. DE-FG02-04ERG384, the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant #2008-35107-04500 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0236356). NR 81 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 116 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 165 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.017 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 013NT UT WOS:000309312800005 ER PT J AU Yu, DN Danku, JMC Baxter, I Kim, S Vatamaniuk, OK Vitek, O Ouzzani, M Salt, DE AF Yu, Danni Danku, John M. C. Baxter, Ivan Kim, Sungjin Vatamaniuk, Olena K. Vitek, Olga Ouzzani, Mourad Salt, David E. TI High-resolution genome-wide scan of genes, gene-networks and cellular systems impacting the yeast ionome SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Ionome; Yeast; Clustering; Network analysis; Mitochondria; Vacuole; ESCRT; Genome-wide; ICP-MS; Ionomics ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; COPPER TRANSPORT; PROTEIN-KINASE; IRON UPTAKE; CROSS-TALK; CELLS; MITOCHONDRIA; CTR1P; DEGRADATION AB Background: To balance the demand for uptake of essential elements with their potential toxicity living cells have complex regulatory mechanisms. Here, we describe a genome-wide screen to identify genes that impact the elemental composition ('ionome') of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) we quantify Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, S and Zn in 11890 mutant strains, including 4940 haploid and 1127 diploid deletion strains, and 5798 over expression strains. Results: We identified 1065 strains with an altered ionome, including 584 haploid and 35 diploid deletion strains, and 446 over expression strains. Disruption of protein metabolism or trafficking has the highest likelihood of causing large ionomic changes, with gene dosage also being important. Gene over expression produced more extreme ionomic changes, but over expression and loss of function phenotypes are generally not related. Ionomic clustering revealed the existence of only a small number of possible ionomic profiles suggesting fitness tradeoffs that constrain the ionome. Clustering also identified important roles for the mitochondria, vacuole and ESCRT pathway in regulation of the ionome. Network analysis identified hub genes such as PMR1 in Mn homeostasis, novel members of ionomic networks such as SMF3 in vacuolar retrieval of Mn, and cross-talk between the mitochondria and the vacuole. All yeast ionomic data can be searched and downloaded at www.ionomicshub.org. Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate the power of high-throughput ICP-MS analysis to functionally dissect the ionome on a genome-wide scale. The information this reveals has the potential to benefit both human health and agriculture. C1 [Yu, Danni; Vitek, Olga] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Danku, John M. C.; Salt, David E.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Baxter, Ivan] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Kim, Sungjin; Vatamaniuk, Olena K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [Vitek, Olga] Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ouzzani, Mourad] Purdue Univ, Cyber Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Salt, DE (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. EM david.salt@abdn.ac.uk RI Danku, John/C-3477-2014; Baxter, Ivan/A-1052-2009 OI Danku, John/0000-0002-5103-3852; Baxter, Ivan/0000-0001-6680-1722 FU National Institutes of Health [4 R33 DK070290-02]; National Science Foundation Advanced Biological Infrastructure award [0953433]; National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program award [0701119] FX We are grateful to Tony Hazbun for supplying the stock yeasts for the knockout collection used in this work and his helpful discussion concerning growing of the yeast, and we thank the Purdue University Discovery Park Cyber Center for help developing the iHUB yeast database. This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health award number 4 R33 DK070290-02 the National Science Foundation Advanced Biological Infrastructure award number 0953433 and the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program award number 0701119. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 14 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 623 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-623 PG 25 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 160HV UT WOS:000320110700001 PM 23151179 ER PT J AU Hain, CR Crow, WT Anderson, MC Mecikalski, JR AF Hain, Christopher R. Crow, Wade T. Anderson, Martha C. Mecikalski, John R. TI An ensemble Kalman filter dual assimilation of thermal infrared and microwave satellite observations of soil moisture into the Noah land surface model SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION DIFFERENCE INDEX; VEGETATION OPTICAL DEPTH; PART I; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; WATER-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL; METHODOLOGY; PROXY; IMPLEMENTATION AB Studies that have assimilated remotely sensed soil moisture (SM) into land surface models (LSMs) have generally focused on retrievals from microwave (MW) sensors. However, retrievals from thermal infrared (TIR) sensors have also been shown to add unique information, especially where MW sensors are not able to provide accurate retrievals (due to, e. g., dense vegetation). In this study, we examine the assimilation of a TIR product based on surface evaporative flux estimates from the Atmosphere Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model and the MW-based VU Amsterdam NASA surface SM product generated with the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM). A set of data assimilation experiments using an ensemble Kalman filter are performed over the contiguous United States to assess the impact of assimilating ALEXI and LPRM SM retrievals in isolation and together in a dual-assimilation case. The relative skill of each assimilation case is assessed through a data denial approach where a LSM is forced with an inferior precipitation data set. The ability of each assimilation case to correct for precipitation errors is quantified by comparing with a simulation forced with a higher-quality precipitation data set. All three assimilation cases (ALEXI, LPRM, and Dual assimilation) show relative improvements versus the open loop (i.e., reduced RMSD) for surface and root zone SM. In the surface zone, the dual assimilation case provides the largest improvements, followed by the LPRM case. However, the ALEXI case performs best in the root zone. Results from the data denial experiment are supported by comparisons between assimilation results and ground-based SM observations from the Soil Climate Analysis Network. C1 [Hain, Christopher R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Crow, Wade T.; Anderson, Martha C.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mecikalski, John R.] Univ Alabama Huntsville, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Hain, CR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM chris.hain@noaa.gov RI Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program [NNX06AG07G]; NOAA [OAR-CPO-2009-2001430, OAR-CPO-2011-2002561] FX This work was supported by a grant from the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program (NNX06AG07G) and NOAA grants OAR-CPO-2009-2001430 and OAR-CPO-2011-2002561. We wish to thank four anonymous reviewers for helping to significantly improve the quality of the manuscript. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 65 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 14 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W11517 DI 10.1029/2011WR011268 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 039AZ UT WOS:000311216500001 ER PT J AU Zhang, HY Wang, HY Dai, ZJ Chen, MS Yuan, ZM AF Zhang, Hongyan Wang, Haiyan Dai, Zhijun Chen, Ming-shun Yuan, Zheming TI Improving accuracy for cancer classification with a new algorithm for genes selection SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID RANDOM SUBSPACE METHOD; MICROARRAY DATA; PROSTATE-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; EXPRESSION PROFILES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; SVM-RFE; TUMOR; PREDICTION; REDUNDANCY AB Background: Even though the classification of cancer tissue samples based on gene expression data has advanced considerably in recent years, it faces great challenges to improve accuracy. One of the challenges is to establish an effective method that can select a parsimonious set of relevant genes. So far, most methods for gene selection in literature focus on screening individual or pairs of genes without considering the possible interactions among genes. Here we introduce a new computational method named the Binary Matrix Shuffling Filter (BMSF). It not only overcomes the difficulty associated with the search schemes of traditional wrapper methods and overfitting problem in large dimensional search space but also takes potential gene interactions into account during gene selection. This method, coupled with Support Vector Machine (SVM) for implementation, often selects very small number of genes for easy model interpretability. Results: We applied our method to 9 two-class gene expression datasets involving human cancers. During the gene selection process, the set of genes to be kept in the model was recursively refined and repeatedly updated according to the effect of a given gene on the contributions of other genes in reference to their usefulness in cancer classification. The small number of informative genes selected from each dataset leads to significantly improved leave-one-out (LOOCV) classification accuracy across all 9 datasets for multiple classifiers. Our method also exhibits broad generalization in the genes selected since multiple commonly used classifiers achieved either equivalent or much higher LOOCV accuracy than those reported in literature. Conclusions: Evaluation of a gene's contribution to binary cancer classification is better to be considered after adjusting for the joint effect of a large number of other genes. A computationally efficient search scheme was provided to perform effective search in the extensive feature space that includes possible interactions of many genes. Performance of the algorithm applied to 9 datasets suggests that it is possible to improve the accuracy of cancer classification by a big margin when joint effects of many genes are considered. C1 [Zhang, Hongyan; Dai, Zhijun; Yuan, Zheming] Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hongyan; Dai, Zhijun; Yuan, Zheming] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosafety Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Wang, Haiyan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-shun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zhang, Hongyan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Wang, HY (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM hwang@ksu.edu; zhmyuan@sina.com FU Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province, China [10JJ1005]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [200805370002]; Hunan Provincial Education Department [11C0654]; Simons Foundation [246077] FX The research was supported by a grant from the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province, China (No. 10JJ1005) to ZY, the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 200805370002) to ZY, and the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (No. 11C0654) to HZ, and a grant from the Simons Foundation to HW (#246077). We appreciate the thorough reading and constructive comments given by the reviewers that have significantly improved the manuscript. NR 54 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 24 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD NOV 13 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 298 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-13-298 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 081RF UT WOS:000314339300001 PM 23148517 ER PT J AU Ingram, KK Kutowoi, A Wurm, Y Shoemaker, D Meier, R Bloch, G AF Ingram, Krista K. Kutowoi, Alexander Wurm, Yannick Shoemaker, DeWayne Meier, Rudolf Bloch, Guy TI The Molecular Clockwork of the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; CIRCADIAN-CLOCK; HONEY-BEE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR; PERIOD EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FAMILIES; GENE DUPLICATION; APIS-MELLIFERA; TASK DECISIONS; SOCIAL INSECTS AB The circadian clock is a core molecular mechanism that allows organisms to anticipate daily environmental changes and adapt the timing of behaviors to maximize efficiency. In social insects, the ability to maintain the appropriate temporal order is thought to improve colony efficiency and fitness. We used the newly sequenced fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) genome to characterize the first ant circadian clock. Our results reveal that the fire ant clock is similar to the clock of the honeybee, a social insect with an independent evolutionary origin of sociality. Gene trees for the eight core clock genes, period, cycle, clock, cryptochrome-m, timeout, vrille, par domain protein 1 & clockwork orange, show ant species grouping closely with honeybees and Nasonia wasps as an outgroup to the social Hymenoptera. Expression patterns for these genes suggest that the ant clock functions similar to the honeybee clock, with period and cry-m mRNA levels increasing during the night and cycle and clockwork orange mRNAs cycling approximately anti-phase to period. Gene models for five of these genes also parallel honeybee models. In particular, the single ant cryptochrome is an ortholog of the mammalian-type (cry-m), rather than Drosophila-like protein (cry-d). Additionally, we find a conserved VPIFAL C-tail region in clockwork orange shared by insects but absent in vertebrates. Overall, our characterization of the ant clock demonstrates that two social insect lineages, ants and bees, share a similar, mammalian-like circadian clock. This study represents the first characterization of clock genes in an ant and is a key step towards understanding socially-regulated plasticity in circadian rhythms by facilitating comparative studies on the organization of circadian clockwork. C1 [Ingram, Krista K.] Colgate Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. [Kutowoi, Alexander] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, A Silberman Inst Life Sci, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, Jerusalem, Israel. [Wurm, Yannick] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Wurm, Yannick] Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London, England. [Shoemaker, DeWayne] USDA, ARS, Gainesville, FL USA. [Meier, Rudolf] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Ingram, KK (reprint author), Colgate Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. EM kingram@colgate.edu RI Meier, Rudolf/A-7099-2011; Wurm, Yannick/A-9525-2009; OI Meier, Rudolf/0000-0002-4452-2885; Wurm, Yannick/0000-0002-3140-2809; Bloch, Guy/0000-0003-1624-4926 FU Picker Interdisciplinary Science Research Grant; National Science Foundation Integrative Organismal Systems (NSF-IOS) Facilitating Research at Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (RUI) grant [IOS-1021723]; ERC Advanced Grant FX This work was supported by a Picker Interdisciplinary Science Research Grant to KKI and a National Science Foundation Integrative Organismal Systems (NSF-IOS) Facilitating Research at Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (RUI) grant to KKI (IOS-1021723). YW was supported by an ERC Advanced Grant to L. Keller. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 13 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e45715 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045715 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 039HF UT WOS:000311234600002 PM 23152747 ER PT J AU Daniel, TC Muhar, A Aznar, O Boyd, JW Chan, KMA Costanza, R Flint, CG Gobster, PH Gret-Regamey, A Penker, M Ribe, RG Spierenburg, M AF Daniel, Terry C. Muhar, Andreas Aznar, Olivier Boyd, James W. Chan, Kai M. A. Costanza, Robert Flint, Courtney G. Gobster, Paul H. Gret-Regamey, Adrienne Penker, Marianne Ribe, Robert G. Spierenburg, Marja TI Reply to Kirchhoff: Cultural values and ecosystem services SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Daniel, Terry C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Daniel, Terry C.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Muhar, Andreas; Penker, Marianne] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Landscape Spatial & Infrastructure Sci, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Aznar, Olivier] Natl Res Inst Sci & Technol Environm & Agr, F-63172 Clermont Ferrand, Aubiere, France. [Boyd, James W.] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Chan, Kai M. A.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Costanza, Robert] Portland State Univ, Inst Sustainable Solut, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Flint, Courtney G.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gobster, Paul H.] USDA, Forest Serv, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Gret-Regamey, Adrienne] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Ribe, Robert G.] Univ Oregon, Inst Sustainable Environm, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Spierenburg, Marja] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, FSW Dept Org Studies, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Daniel, TC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tdaniel@u.arizona.edu RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013; Spierenburg, Marja/F-8812-2013; Costanza, Robert/A-4912-2008; OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310; Costanza, Robert/0000-0001-6348-8734; Muhar, Andreas/0000-0001-7623-5859; Penker, Marianne/0000-0002-5185-9558 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 69 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 13 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 46 BP E3147 EP E3147 DI 10.1073/pnas.1213520109 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 043UY UT WOS:000311576300002 ER PT J AU Gallo, EL Lohse, KA Brooks, PD McIntosh, JC Meixner, T McLain, JET AF Gallo, Erika L. Lohse, Kathleen A. Brooks, Paul D. McIntosh, Jennifer C. Meixner, Thomas McLain, Jean E. T. TI Quantifying the effects of stream channels on storm water quality in a semi-arid urban environment SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urban; Runoff quality; Nitrogen; Carbon; Ephemeral stream; Stream channel ID POLLUTANT REMOVAL; UNITED-STATES; HOT MOMENTS; EVAPORATION; ISOTOPES; SURFACE; SOILS; RIVER; O-18; PRECIPITATION AB Stormwater drainage systems can have a large effect on urban runoff quality, but it is unclear how ephemeral urban streams alter runoff hydrochemistry. This problem is particularly relevant in semi-arid regions, where urban storm runoff is considered a renewable water resource. Here we address the question: how do stream channels alter urban runoff hydrochemistry? We collected synoptic stormwater samples during three rainfall-runoff events from nine ephemeral streams reaches (three concrete or metal, three grass, three gravel) in Tucson, Arizona. We identified patterns of temporal and spatial (longitudinal) variability in concentrations of conservative (chloride and isotopes of water) and reactive solutes (inorganic-N, soluble reactive phosphorous, sulfate-S, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen, and fecal indicator bacteria). Water isotopes and chloride (Cl) concentrations indicate that solute flushing and evapoconcentration alter temporal patterns in runoff hydrochemistry, but not spatial hydrochemical responses. Solute concentrations and stream channel solute sourcing and retention during runoff were significantly more variable at the grass reaches (CV = 2.3 - 144%) than at the concrete or metal (CV = 1.6 - 107%) or gravel reaches (CV = 1.9 - 60%), which functioned like flow-through systems. Stream channel soil Cl and DOC decreased following a runoff event (Cl: 12.1-7.3 mu g g(-1) soil; DOC: 87.7-30.1 mu g g(-1) soil), while soil fecal indicator bacteria counts increased (55-215 CFU g(-1) soil). Finding from this study suggest that the characteristics of the ephemeral stream channel substrate control biogeochemical reactions between runoff events, which alter stream channel soil solute stores and the hydrochemistry of subsequent runoff events. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gallo, Erika L.; Brooks, Paul D.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.; Meixner, Thomas] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lohse, Kathleen A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McLain, Jean E. T.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Gallo, EL (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM elgallo@email.arizona.edu; klohse@isu.edu; brooks@hwr.arizona.edu; mcintosh@hwr.arizona.edu; tmeixner@hwr.arizona.edu; jmclain@cals.arizona.edu FU University of Arizona, Technology and Research Initiative Fund, through the Water Sustainability Program; TRIF-Center Directed Funds; Lohse Start up funds; NSF [DEB 0918373, 1063362]; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387]; USDA-ARS National Program, Water Availability and Watershed Management [211] FX This work was supported by the University of Arizona, Technology and Research Initiative Fund, through the Water Sustainability Program, TRIF-Center Directed Funds, Lohse Start up funds, and NSF DEB 0918373, 1063362. Dr. Kathleen Lohse, now at Idaho State University, was supported by the National Science Foundation under award number EPS-0814387. The microbial work was funded, in part, by the USDA-ARS National Program #211, Water Availability and Watershed Management. We thank Margaret Snyder, Navid Dejwakh, and Daniel Wisheropp for assistance with soil and storm runoff collections and analyses. We thank City of Tucson, Pima County and project volunteers for their input, support and cooperation; and we thank the blind reviewers and journal editor for their feedback which improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 12 PY 2012 VL 470 BP 98 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.08.047 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 059EC UT WOS:000312686200009 ER PT J AU Nicholson, TL Conover, MS Deora, R AF Nicholson, Tracy L. Conover, Matt S. Deora, Rajendar TI Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Stage-Specific Production and Requirement of Flagella during Biofilm Development in Bordetella bronchiseptica SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE CONTROL-SYSTEM; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BPS POLYSACCHARIDE; RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; ATROPHIC RHINITIS; PERTUSSIS; EXPRESSION; LOCUS AB We have used microarray analysis to study the transcriptome of the bacterial pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica over the course of five time points representing distinct stages of biofilm development. The results suggest that B. bronchiseptica undergoes a coordinately regulated gene expression program similar to a bacterial developmental process. Expression and subsequent production of the genes encoding flagella, a classical Bvg(-) phase phenotype, occurs and is under tight regulatory control during B. bronchiseptica biofilm development. Using mutational analysis, we demonstrate that flagella production at the appropriate stage of biofilm development, i.e. production early subsequently followed by repression, is required for robust biofilm formation and maturation. We also demonstrate that flagella are necessary and enhance the initial cell-surface interactions, thereby providing mechanistic information on the initial stages of biofilm development for B. bronchiseptica. Biofilm formation by B. bronchiseptica involves the production of both Bvg- activated and Bvg- repressed factors followed by the repression of factors that inhibit formation of mature biofilms. C1 [Nicholson, Tracy L.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Conover, Matt S.; Deora, Rajendar] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Program Mol Genet, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Deora, Rajendar] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Nicholson, TL (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tracy.nicholson@ars.usda.gov; rdeora@wakehealth.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1R01AI075081]; NIH [T32 AI07401] FX Research in the laboratory of R.D. is supported National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant 1R01AI075081. M.C. was supported by an NIH predoctoral training grant (T32 AI07401). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 12 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e49166 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0049166 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 039HA UT WOS:000311234000053 PM 23152870 ER PT J AU Albrecht, U Bowman, KD AF Albrecht, Ute Bowman, Kim D. TI Tolerance of trifoliate citrus rootstock hybrids to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Citrus disease; Citrus greening; Disease resistance; Poncirus trifoliata; Rootstock ID GREENING-DISEASE; L. RAF.; SINENSIS; AMERICANUS; INFECTION; BACTERIUM; FLORIDA AB Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) is the suspected causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB) in Florida and other citrus producing countries around the world. Although little resistance to HLB is found within commercial citrus varieties, tolerance has been reported for some varieties that are commonly used as rootstocks. This study assesses the response of eight different rootstock varieties, which include the Citrus x Poncirus trifoliata hybrids Carrizo citrange, US-802, US-812, US-897, and US-942, Benecke trifoliate orange. Volkamer lemon, and Cleopatra mandarin, to Las under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. The percentage of plants detected positive for Las did not exceed 7% in the genotypes Benecke, Carrizo, US-802, US-942, and Volkamer during the first 6 months after graft-inoculation (mai). Pruning resulted in much increased numbers of plants with detectable Las levels and induced disease symptoms in previously asymptomatic plants. At 12 mai, percentages of Las-positive plants were 91-96% for US-802, US-812, Cleopatra, and Volkamer, and 70-78% for US-897 and US-942. Lowest percentages (44-52%) were observed for Benecke and Carrizo. The number of Las genomes per g of leaf tissue in Las-positive plants was considerably lower in Benecke and US-897 seedlings with 4.5 x 10(5) and 1.6 x 10(6) compared with Cleopatra (1.0 x 10(7)), while numbers for the other genotypes ranged from 3.1-4.9 x 10(6). At 12 mai, foliar disease symptoms, though variable in extent, were prominent in most genotypes, except US-897. Shoot masses were significantly reduced in Cleopatra, Benecke, US-802. and Volkamer seedlings in response to Las at this time. Continued observation until 18 mai found no significant growl h reductions in Benecke seedlings. Our results suggest classifying Carrizo. US-897, and US-942 as tolerant, US-802, US-812, and Volkamer lemon as moderately tolerant, and Cleopatra mandarin as susceptible to Las. Despite irregular growth, low rates of infection and low Las numbers indicate some resistance of Benecke to Las. Additional greenhouse experiments and field observations confirmed findings for US-802, US-897, US-942, and Cleopatra, although results for 05-802 were more variable. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Albrecht, Ute; Bowman, Kim D.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Bowman, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM kim.bowman@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council; Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation FX We thank Lynn Faulkner, Kerry-Shea Worton and Emily Domagtoy, for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Jude Grosser and Dr. Randy Niedz for suggestions and review of the manuscript. We are grateful to Dr. Greg McCollum for providing the Las standard curve and valuable discussions of Ct-values. This research was supported in part by grants from the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council and the Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation. Mention of a trademark, warranty, proprietary product, or vendor does not imply an approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD NOV 12 PY 2012 VL 147 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.08.036 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 044UI UT WOS:000311648800010 ER PT J AU Cao, Y Tang, XF Giovannoni, J Xiao, FM Liu, YS AF Cao, Ying Tang, Xiaofeng Giovannoni, Jim Xiao, Fangming Liu, Yongsheng TI Functional characterization of a tomato COBRA-like gene functioning in fruit development and ripening SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PECTIN METHYLESTERASE GENE; ROOT-HAIR MORPHOGENESIS; GPI-ANCHORED PROTEINS; PLANT-CELL WALL; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; ARABINOGALACTAN-PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS; ENCODES; CELLULOSE AB Background: Extensive studies have demonstrated that the COBRA gene is critical for biosynthesis of cell wall constituents comprising structural tissues of roots, stalks, leaves and other vegetative organs, however, its role in fruit development and ripening remains largely unknown. Results: We identified a tomato gene (SlCOBRA-like) homologous to Arabidopsis COBRA, and determined its role in fleshy fruit biology. The SlCOBRA-like gene is highly expressed in vegetative organs and in early fruit development, but its expression in fruit declines dramatically during ripening stages, implying a primary role in early fruit development. Fruit-specific suppression of SlCOBRA-like resulted in impaired cell wall integrity and up-regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in cell wall degradation during early fruit development. In contrast, fruit-specific overexpression of SlCOBRA-like resulted in increased wall thickness of fruit epidermal cells, more collenchymatous cells beneath the epidermis, elevated levels of cellulose and reduced pectin solubilization in the pericarp cells of red ripe fruits. Moreover, transgenic tomato fruits overexpressing SlCOBRA-like exhibited desirable early development phenotypes including enhanced firmness and a prolonged shelf life. Conclusions: Our results suggest that SlCOBRA-like plays an important role in fruit cell wall architecture and provides a potential genetic tool for extending the shelf life of tomato and potentially additional fruits. C1 [Cao, Ying; Tang, Xiaofeng; Liu, Yongsheng] Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Minist Educ,Key Lab Bioresource & Ecoenvironm, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yongsheng] Hefei Univ Technol, Sch Biotechnol & Food Engn, Hefei 230009, Peoples R China. [Giovannoni, Jim] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert Holly Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannoni, Jim] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Xiao, Fangming] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Cao, Ying] SW Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Life Sci & Engn, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China. RP Liu, YS (reprint author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Minist Educ,Key Lab Bioresource & Ecoenvironm, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. EM liuyongsheng1122@yahoo.com.cn FU National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [30825030]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31171179]; National Science and Technology Key Project of China [2011CB100401, 2009ZX08009-072B, 2009ZX08001-011B]; University of Idaho FX This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 30825030), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31171179), the National Science and Technology Key Project of China (Nos. 2011CB100401, 2009ZX08009-072B and 2009ZX08001-011B) to YL, the University of Idaho internal funding to FX. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 33 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 211 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-12-211 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 064RJ UT WOS:000313092800001 PM 23140186 ER PT J AU Tatineni, S Qu, F Li, RH Morris, TJ French, R AF Tatineni, Satyanarayana Qu, Feng Li, Ruhui Morris, T. Jack French, Roy TI Triticum mosaic poacevirus enlists P1 rather than HC-Pro to suppress RNA silencing-mediated host defense SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE RNA silencing suppressor; Sugarcane streak mosaic virus; Wheat; Systemic silencing; Potyviridae; Poacevirus; P1; HC-Pro; Inhibition ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; POTATO-VIRUS-X; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; ANTIVIRAL DEFENSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANTS; INTERFERENCE; PROTEIN; WHEAT; VECTOR AB Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is the type species of the newly established Poacevirus genus in the family Potyviridae. In this study, we demonstrate that in contrast to the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of Potyvirus species, the P1 proteins of TriMV and Sugarcane streak mosaic poacevirus function in suppression of RNA silencing (SRS). TriMV P1 effectively suppressed silencing induced by single- or double-stranded RNAs (ss/ds RNAs), and disrupted the systemic spread of silencing signals at a step after silencing signal production. Interestingly, contrary to enhanced SRS activity of potyviral HC-Pro by co-expression with P1, the presence of TriMV HC-Pro reduced SRS activity of TriMV P1. Furthermore, TriMV P1 suppressed systemic silencing triggered by dsRNA more efficiently than the HC-Pro of Turnip mosaic potyvirus. Furthermore, TriMV P1 enhanced the pathogenicity of a heterologous virus. Our results established poaceviral P1 as a potent RNA silencing suppressor that probably employs a novel mechanism to suppress RNA silencing-based antiviral defense. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tatineni, Satyanarayana; French, Roy] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tatineni, Satyanarayana; French, Roy] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Qu, Feng] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Li, Ruhui] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Morris, T. Jack] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Tatineni, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM satya.tatineni@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 433 IS 1 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2012.07.016 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 020GS UT WOS:000309797600012 PM 22877841 ER PT J AU Van Bael, SA Estrada, C Rehner, SA Santos, JF Wcislo, WT AF Van Bael, Sunshine A. Estrada, Catalina Rehner, Stephen A. Fabiola Santos, Janette Wcislo, William T. TI Leaf endophyte load influences fungal garden development in leaf-cutting ants SO BMC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atta colombica; Attini; Leaf-cutting ants; Lepiotaceae; Mutualism; Symbioses ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; ATTA; PLANTS; HERBIVORY; INFECTION; PATHOGENS; GROWTH; NESTS AB Background: Previous work has shown that leaf-cutting ants prefer to cut leaf material with relatively low fungal endophyte content. This preference suggests that fungal endophytes exact a cost on the ants or on the development of their colonies. We hypothesized that endophytes may play a role in their host plants' defense against leaf-cutting ants. To measure the long-term cost to the ant colony of fungal endophytes in their forage material, we conducted a 20-week laboratory experiment to measure fungal garden development for colonies that foraged on leaves with low or high endophyte content. Results: Colony mass and the fungal garden dry mass did not differ significantly between the low and high endophyte feeding treatments. There was, however, a marginally significant trend toward greater mass of fungal garden per ant worker in the low relative to the high endophyte treatment. This trend was driven by differences in the fungal garden mass per worker from the earliest samples, when leaf-cutting ants had been foraging on low or high endophyte leaf material for only 2 weeks. At two weeks of foraging, the mean fungal garden mass per worker was 77% greater for colonies foraging on leaves with low relative to high endophyte loads. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the cost of endophyte presence in ant forage material may be greatest to fungal colony development in its earliest stages, when there are few workers available to forage and to clean leaf material. This coincides with a period of high mortality for incipient colonies in the field. We discuss how the endophyte-leaf-cutter ant interaction may parallel constitutive defenses in plants, whereby endophytes reduce the rate of colony development when its risk of mortality is greatest. C1 [Van Bael, Sunshine A.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Van Bael, Sunshine A.; Estrada, Catalina; Fabiola Santos, Janette; Wcislo, William T.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 084303092, Panama. [Rehner, Stephen A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Van Bael, SA (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 6823 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM svanbael@tulane.edu FU NSF [DEB- 0949602]; SENACYT [FID10-091]; Smithsonian Institute; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX We thank H. Fernandez-Marin, M. Seid, and H. Herz for helpful advice and L. Mejia & two anonymous reviewers for comments on the MS. For help in the field and laboratory, we thank R. Welter, C. Gill, T. Hammer, M. Zavodnik, P. Galgani, M. Sosa, T. Tascnn, A. Concepcion, M. Franco, and I. Ochoa. For logistical support we thank R. Urriola and A. Ruiz. This work was funded by NSF DEB- 0949602 to SAV, WW, and SR; SENACYT FID10-091 to SAV and WW; the Smithsonian Institute and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Permission was granted to do this by Panama's Authority on the Environment (ANAM). NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 60 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6785 J9 BMC ECOL JI BMC Ecol. PD NOV 9 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 23 DI 10.1186/1472-6785-12-23 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063RW UT WOS:000313018600001 PM 23140096 ER PT J AU Decker, JE Vasco, DA Mckay, SD McClure, MC Rolf, MM Kim, J Northcutt, SL Bauck, S Woodward, BW Schnabel, RD Taylor, JF AF Decker, Jared E. Vasco, Daniel A. McKay, Stephanie D. McClure, Matthew C. Rolf, Megan M. Kim, JaeWoo Northcutt, Sally L. Bauck, Stewart Woodward, Brent W. Schnabel, Robert D. Taylor, Jeremy F. TI A novel analytical method, Birth Date Selection Mapping, detects response of the Angus (Bos taurus) genome to selection on complex traits SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Selective sweep; Selection mapping; Polygenic model; Pleiotropy; Cattle; Phenotype; Genotype; GWAS; SNP ID POSITIVE SELECTION; BREEDING VALUES; WIDE ASSOCIATION; GENOTYPE DATA; BEEF-CATTLE; SIGNATURES; POPULATIONS; HUMANS; ADAPTATION; EXPRESSION AB Background: Several methods have recently been developed to identify regions of the genome that have been exposed to strong selection. However, recent theoretical and empirical work suggests that polygenic models are required to identify the genomic regions that are more moderately responding to ongoing selection on complex traits. We examine the effects of multi-trait selection on the genome of a population of US registered Angus beef cattle born over a 50-year period representing approximately 10 generations of selection. We present results from the application of a quantitative genetic model, called Birth Date Selection Mapping, to identify signatures of recent ongoing selection. Results: We show that US Angus cattle have been systematically selected to alter their mean additive genetic merit for most of the 16 production traits routinely recorded by breeders. Using Birth Date Selection Mapping, we estimate the time-dependency of allele frequency for 44,817 SNP loci using genomic best linear unbiased prediction, generalized least squares, and BayesCp analyses. Finally, we reconstruct the primary phenotypes that have historically been exposed to selection from a genome-wide analysis of the 16 production traits and gene ontology enrichment analysis. Conclusions: We demonstrate that Birth Date Selection Mapping utilizing mixed models corrects for time-dependent pedigree sampling effects that lead to spurious SNP associations and reveals genomic signatures of ongoing selection on complex traits. Because multiple traits have historically been selected in concert and most quantitative trait loci have small effects, selection has incrementally altered allele frequencies throughout the genome. Two quantitative trait loci of large effect were not the most strongly selected of the loci due to their antagonistic pleiotropic effects on strongly selected phenotypes. Birth Date Selection Mapping may readily be extended to temporally-stratified human or model organism populations. C1 [Decker, Jared E.; Vasco, Daniel A.; McKay, Stephanie D.; McClure, Matthew C.; Rolf, Megan M.; Kim, JaeWoo; Schnabel, Robert D.; Taylor, Jeremy F.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Vasco, Daniel A.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McKay, Stephanie D.] Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [McClure, Matthew C.] USDA, ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rolf, Megan M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Northcutt, Sally L.] Amer Angus Assoc, St Joseph, MO 64506 USA. [Bauck, Stewart] GeneSeek, Lincoln, NE 68521 USA. [Woodward, Brent W.] NextGen, Duluth, GA 30096 USA. RP Taylor, JF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM taylorjerr@missouri.edu OI Vasco, Daniel/0000-0001-6969-1741; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Decker, Jared/0000-0001-5685-7343 FU University of Missouri; National Research Initiative from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2008-35205-04687, 2008-35205-18864]; National Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-65205-05635] FX We gratefully acknowledge the provision of semen samples from Angus breeders and semen distributors. This project was supported by the University of Missouri, National Research Initiative grants number 2008-35205-04687 and 2008-35205-18864 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service and National Research Initiative grant number 2009-65205-05635 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 9 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 606 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-606 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 061TV UT WOS:000312872100002 PM 23140540 ER PT J AU Kappmeyer, LS Thiagarajan, M Herndon, DR Ramsay, JD Caler, E Djikeng, A Gillespie, JJ Lau, AOT Roalson, EH Silva, JC Silva, MG Suarez, CE Ueti, MW Nene, VM Mealey, RH Knowles, DP Brayton, KA AF Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Thiagarajan, Mathangi Herndon, David R. Ramsay, Joshua D. Caler, Elisabet Djikeng, Appolinaire Gillespie, Joseph J. Lau, Audrey O. T. Roalson, Eric H. Silva, Joana C. Silva, Marta G. Suarez, Carlos E. Ueti, Massaro W. Nene, Vishvanath M. Mealey, Robert H. Knowles, Donald P. Brayton, Kelly A. TI Comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic position of Theileria equi SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Apicomplexa; Parasite; Vaccine; Horse; Vector-borne disease ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; BABESIA-EQUI; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; ARABIDOPSIS GENOME; INFECTED HORSES; SURFACE PROTEIN; IN-VITRO; BOVIS AB Background: Transmission of arthropod-borne apicomplexan parasites that cause disease and result in death or persistent infection represents a major challenge to global human and animal health. First described in 1901 as Piroplasma equi, this re-emergent apicomplexan parasite was renamed Babesia equi and subsequently Theileria equi, reflecting an uncertain taxonomy. Understanding mechanisms by which apicomplexan parasites evade immune or chemotherapeutic elimination is required for development of effective vaccines or chemotherapeutics. The continued risk of transmission of T. equi from clinically silent, persistently infected equids impedes the goal of returning the U. S. to non-endemic status. Therefore comparative genomic analysis of T. equi was undertaken to: 1) identify genes contributing to immune evasion and persistence in equid hosts, 2) identify genes involved in PBMC infection biology and 3) define the phylogenetic position of T. equi relative to sequenced apicomplexan parasites. Results: The known immunodominant proteins, EMA1, 2 and 3 were discovered to belong to a ten member gene family with a mean amino acid identity, in pairwise comparisons, of 39%. Importantly, the amino acid diversity of EMAs is distributed throughout the length of the proteins. Eight of the EMA genes were simultaneously transcribed. As the agents that cause bovine theileriosis infect and transform host cell PBMCs, we confirmed that T. equi infects equine PBMCs, however, there is no evidence of host cell transformation. Indeed, a number of genes identified as potential manipulators of the host cell phenotype are absent from the T. equi genome. Comparative genomic analysis of T. equi revealed the phylogenetic positioning relative to seven apicomplexan parasites using deduced amino acid sequences from 150 genes placed it as a sister taxon to Theileria spp. Conclusions: The EMA family does not fit the paradigm for classical antigenic variation, and we propose a novel model describing the role of the EMA family in persistence. T. equi has lost the putative genes for host cell transformation, or the genes were acquired by T. parva and T. annulata after divergence from T. equi. Our analysis identified 50 genes that will be useful for definitive phylogenetic classification of T. equi and closely related organisms. C1 [Ramsay, Joshua D.; Lau, Audrey O. T.; Mealey, Robert H.; Knowles, Donald P.; Brayton, Kelly A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Thiagarajan, Mathangi; Caler, Elisabet] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Kappmeyer, Lowell S.; Herndon, David R.; Silva, Marta G.; Suarez, Carlos E.; Ueti, Massaro W.; Knowles, Donald P.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Djikeng, Appolinaire; Nene, Vishvanath M.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Gillespie, Joseph J.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gillespie, Joseph J.; Silva, Joana C.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Lau, Audrey O. T.; Brayton, Kelly A.] Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Roalson, Eric H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Brayton, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kbrayton@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS-CWP [5348-32000-028-00D]; NIAID [HHSN272200900040C]; NIH [R01AI017828, R01AI59118] FX We would like to acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Ralph Horn, James Allison, Melissa Flatt, and Shelby Beckner. David Schneider kindly assisted with microscopy. This research was supported by USDA-ARS-CWP 5348-32000-028-00D. JJG acknowledges support from NIAID contract HHSN272200900040C awarded to Bruno Sobral (Virginia Bioinformatics Institute) and NIH awards R01AI017828 and R01AI59118 (Abdu Azad, University of Maryland). NR 81 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 9 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 603 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-603 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 051UB UT WOS:000312152000001 PM 23137308 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Carpintero, DL AF Henry, Thomas J. Carpintero, Diego L. TI Review of the jumping tree bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Isometopinae) of Argentina and nearby areas of Brazil and Paraguay, with descriptions of nine new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Aristotelesia; Myiomma; new taxa; diagnoses; keys to species; distribution; South America ID RECORDS AB Nine new species of jumping tree bugs, or Isometopinae, from Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Brazil are described. The genus Aristotelesia is revised and the two new species A. fuscata (from Brazil) and A. medialis(from Argentina) are described, and the Argentine and Paraguayan species of Myiomma are reviewed and the seven new species M. apicalis (from Paraguay), M. argentinensis (from Argentina and Paraguay), M. binotata (from Argentina), M. pallidopleura (from Argentina), M. pallipes (from Argentina), M. scutellata (from Paraguay), and M. uniformis (from Argentina) are described. Previously published records of isometopines from Argentina are clarified. Color photographs, illustrations of the parameres of M. argentinensis, and keys are provided to help distinguish species. C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Carpintero, Diego L.] Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Div Entomol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov; dcarpint@macn.gov.ar FU Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, CONICET FX We thank Michele A. Touchet (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], Agricultural Research Service, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC) for the color images and Aline Barcellos P. dos Santos (SMCN) for lending specimens representing new species of Aristotelesia. M.G. Pogue (SEL), S. Scheffer (SEL), and A.G. Wheeler, Jr. (Clemson University, Clemson, SC) kindly reviewed the manuscript and offered suggestions for its improvement. The second author's participation in this work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, CONICET. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 9 PY 2012 IS 3545 BP 41 EP 58 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 041IR UT WOS:000311395400002 ER PT J AU Grapov, D Adams, SH Pedersen, TL Garvey, WT Newman, JW AF Grapov, Dmitry Adams, Sean H. Pedersen, Theresa L. Garvey, W. Timothy Newman, John W. TI Type 2 Diabetes Associated Changes in the Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acids, Oxylipins and Endocannabinoids SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION; PULSATILE INSULIN; BETA-OXIDATION; METABOLISM; PATHOGENESIS; ACTIVATION; DELIVERY; HUMANS AB Type 2 diabetes has profound effects on metabolism that can be detected in plasma. While increases in circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are well-described in diabetes, effects on signaling lipids have received little attention. Oxylipins and endocannabinoids are classes of bioactive fatty acid metabolites with many structural members that influence insulin signaling, adipose function and inflammation through autocrine, paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. To link diabetes-associated changes in plasma NEFA and signaling lipids, we quantitatively targeted >150 plasma lipidome components in age- and body mass index-matched, overweight to obese, non-diabetic (n = 12) and type 2 diabetic (n = 43) African-American women. Diabetes related NEFA patterns indicated similar to 60% increase in steroyl-CoA desaturase activity and similar to 40% decrease in very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid chain shortening, patterns previously associated with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Further, epoxides and ketones of eighteen carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids were elevated >80% in diabetes and strongly correlated with changes in NEFA, consistent with their liberation during adipose lipolysis. Endocannabinoid behavior differed by class with diabetes increasing an array of N-acylethanolamides which were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory 5-lipooxygenase-derived metabolites, while monoacylglycerols were negatively correlated with body mass. These results clearly show that diabetes not only results in an increase in plasma NEFA, but shifts the plasma lipidomic profiles in ways that reflect the biochemical and physiological changes of this pathological state which are independent of obesity associated changes. Citation: Grapov D, Adams SH, Pedersen TL, Garvey WT, Newman JW (2012) Type 2 Diabetes Associated Changes in the Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acids, Oxylipins and Endocannabinoids. PLoS ONE 7(11): e48852. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048852 C1 [Grapov, Dmitry; Adams, Sean H.; Newman, John W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grapov, Dmitry; Adams, Sean H.; Pedersen, Theresa L.; Newman, John W.] USDA, Obes & Metab Res Unit, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Garvey, W. Timothy] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Nutr Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Garvey, W. Timothy] Birmingham VA Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Newman, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM john.newman@ars.usda.gov FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences-National Institutes of Health (NIGMS-NIH) [T32-GM008799]; intramural United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [5306-51530-019-00D]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH-NIDDK) [R01DK078328-01]; NIH [DK-038764, DK-083562, P01 HL-055782]; Merit Review program of the Department of Veterans Affairs; University of Alabama (UAB) Center for Clinical and Translational Science [UL1 RR025777]; UAB Nutrition and Obesity Research Center [P30-DK56336]; UAB Diabetes Research and Training Center [P60 DK079626] FX This work was funded in part by the following: National Institute of General Medical Sciences-National Institutes of Health (NIGMS-NIH) T32-GM008799 (D.G.); intramural United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Project 5306-51530-019-00D (J.W.N. and S.H.A.); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH-NIDDK) R01DK078328-01 (S.H.A.); NIH grants DK-038764, DK-083562, and P01 HL-055782 and the Merit Review program of the Department of Veterans Affairs (W.T.G.). The authors also acknowledge support from the research core facilities of the University of Alabama (UAB) Center for Clinical and Translational Science (UL1 RR025777), the UAB Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (P30-DK56336), and the UAB Diabetes Research and Training Center (P60 DK079626). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 8 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e48852 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048852 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 053KE UT WOS:000312269500039 PM 23144998 ER PT J AU LaFrentz, BR LaPatra, SE Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF LaFrentz, B. R. LaPatra, S. E. Shoemaker, C. A. Klesius, P. H. TI Reproducible challenge model to investigate the virulence of Flavobacterium columnare genomovars in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium columnare; Rainbow trout; Genomovar; Columnaris disease; Challenge model ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FISH; MORTALITY; ADHESION AB Flavobacterium columnare is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes columnaris disease and has significant economic impacts on aquaculture production worldwide. Molecular analyses have demonstrated that there is genetic diversity among F. columnare isolates. A review of the published literature that used restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that all isolates typed from salmonids were Genomovar I. Our objective was to develop a laboratory challenge model for F. columnare in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and use the model to determine the virulence of Genomovar I and II isolates. Six F. columnare isolates were obtained from rainbow trout experiencing losses due to columnaris disease and were determined to be Genomovar I. Three of these were chosen for a preliminary assessment of virulence, and isolate 051-10-S5 was chosen for additional experiments to determine the reproducibility of the waterborne challenge model. In 2 independent experiments, cumulative percent mortalities (CPM) were 49 +/- 10% and 50 +/- 19%. Challenge of rainbow trout with Genomovar I and II isolates demonstrated a difference in the CPM, with the Genomovar II isolates inducing significantly higher CPM. This reproducible waterborne challenge model for columnaris disease in rainbow trout will be useful to investigate host-pathogen interactions, vaccine development, and other potential control strategies. This research also provides a basis for further defining the molecular diversity and virulence associated with F. columnare genomovars in rainbow trout and other salmonid species. C1 [LaFrentz, B. R.; Shoemaker, C. A.; Klesius, P. H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [LaPatra, S. E.] Clear Springs Foods, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. RP LaFrentz, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM benjamin.lafrentz@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D]; Merck Animal Health [58-3K95-6-1133]; USDA-ARS [58-3K95-6-1133] FX The authors thank Ning Qin and Paige Mumma of USDA-ARS for technical assistance. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 6420-32000-024-00D (Integrated Aquatic Animal Health Strategies) and Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA No. 58-3K95-6-1133) between Merck Animal Health and USDA-ARS. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 8 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 2 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.3354/dao02522 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 034AS UT WOS:000310843100004 PM 23135138 ER PT J AU Bossart, GD Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Rivera-Guzman, AL Jimenez-Marrero, NM Camus, AC Bonde, RK Dubey, JP Reif, JS AF Bossart, Gregory D. Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A. Rivera-Guzman, Antonio L. Jimenez-Marrero, Nilda M. Camus, Alvin C. Bonde, Robert K. Dubey, Jitender P. Reif, John S. TI Disseminated toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus from Puerto Rico SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Sirenian; Gastroenteritis; Enterocolitis; Myocarditis; Emerging disease ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; GONDII INFECTION; MARINE MAMMALS; SEA OTTERS; FLORIDA; RUNOFF; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; SEROPREVALENCE; CALIFORNIA AB Necropsies were conducted on 4 Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus that were stranded in single events on the coastal beaches of Puerto Rico from August 2010 to August 2011. Three manatees were emaciated and the gastrointestinal tracts were devoid of digesta. Microscopically, all manatees had severe widespread inflammatory lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and heart with intralesional tachyzoites consistent with Toxoplasma gondii identified by histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical techniques. The gastrointestinal lesions included severe, multifocal to diffuse, chronic-active enteritis, colitis and/or gastritis often with associated ulceration, necrosis and hemorrhage. Enteric leiomyositis was severe and locally extensive in all cases and associated with the most frequently observed intralesional protozoans. Moderate to severe, multifocal, chronic to chronic-active, necrotizing myocarditis was also present in all cases. Additionally, less consistent inflammatory lesions occurred in the liver, lung and a mesenteric lymph node and were associated with fewer tachyzoites. Sera (n = 30) collected from free-ranging and captive Puerto Rican manatees and a rehabilitated/released Puerto Rican manatee from 2003 to 2012 were tested for antibodies for T. gondii. A positive T. gondii antibody titer was found in 2004 in 1 (3%) of the free-ranging cases tested. Disease caused by T. gondii is rare in manatees. This is the first report of toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico. Additionally, these are the first reported cases of disseminated toxoplasmosis in any sirenian. The documentation of 4 cases of toxoplasmosis within one year and the extremely low seroprevalence to T. gondii suggest that toxoplasmosis may be an emerging disease in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico. C1 [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Rivera-Guzman, Antonio L.] Inter Amer Univ Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico Manatee Conservat Ctr, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Jimenez-Marrero, Nilda M.] Puerto Rico Dept Nat & Environm Resources, Bur Fish & Wildlife, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Camus, Alvin C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Dubey, Jitender P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bossart, GD (reprint author), Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker St NW, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. EM gbossart@georgiaaquarium.org OI Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A./0000-0003-1443-4873; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Legislature; Georgia Aquarium FX Carcass salvage was conducted under the authority of Puerto Rico's Department of Natural and Environmental Resources and the US Fish and Wildlife Service permit number M791721-4, issued to the US Geological Survey, Sirenia Project. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Puerto Rico Manatee Conservation Center technicians, students and volunteers in tending to the stranding events and collecting samples, particularly C. Rivera and L. Falcon. This research was funded in part by a grant from the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Legislature and the Georgia Aquarium. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 8 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.3354/dao02526 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 034AS UT WOS:000310843100007 PM 23135141 ER PT J AU Rexroad, CE Vallejo, RL Liu, SX Palti, Y Weber, GM AF Rexroad, Caird E., III Vallejo, Roger L. Liu, Sixin Palti, Yniv Weber, Gregory M. TI QTL affecting stress response to crowding in a rainbow trout broodstock population SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; DAUGHTER YIELD DEVIATIONS; ESTIMATED BREEDING VALUES; WHOLE GENOME SCAN; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CORTISOL RESPONSE; GROWTH; MAP AB Background: Genomic analyses have the potential to impact selective breeding programs by identifying markers that serve as proxies for traits which are expensive or difficult to measure. Also, identifying genes affecting traits of interest enhances our understanding of their underlying biochemical pathways. To this end we conducted genome scans of seven rainbow trout families from a single broodstock population to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) having an effect on stress response to crowding as measured by plasma cortisol concentration. Our goal was to estimate the number of major genes having large effects on this trait in our broodstock population through the identification of QTL. Results: A genome scan including 380 microsatellite markers representing 29 chromosomes resulted in the de novo construction of genetic maps which were in good agreement with the NCCCWA genetic map. Unique sets of QTL were detected for two traits which were defined after observing a low correlation between repeated measurements of plasma cortisol concentration in response to stress. A highly significant QTL was detected in three independent analyses on Omy16, many additional suggestive and significant QTL were also identified. With linkage-based methods of QTL analysis such as half-sib regression interval mapping and a variance component method, we determined that the significant and suggestive QTL explain about 40-43% and 13-27% of the phenotypic trait variation, respectively. Conclusions: The cortisol response to crowding stress is a complex trait controlled in a sub-sample of our broodstock population by multiple QTL on at least 8 chromosomes. These QTL are largely different from others previously identified for a similar trait, documenting that population specific genetic variants independently affect cortisol response in ways that may result in different impacts on growth. Also, mapping QTL for multiple traits associated with stress response detected trait specific QTL which indicate the significance of the first plasma cortisol measurement in defining the trait. Fine mapping these QTL can lead towards the identification of genes affecting stress response and may influence approaches to selection for this economically important stress response trait. C1 [Rexroad, Caird E., III; Vallejo, Roger L.; Liu, Sixin; Palti, Yniv; Weber, Gregory M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV USA. EM caird.rexroadiii@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 97 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-13-97 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 062SS UT WOS:000312943200001 PM 23134666 ER PT J AU Chen, C DeClerck, G Tian, F Spooner, W McCouch, S Buckler, E AF Chen, Charles DeClerck, Genevieve Tian, Feng Spooner, William McCouch, Susan Buckler, Edward TI PICARA, an Analytical Pipeline Providing Probabilistic Inference about A Priori Candidates Genes Underlying Genome-Wide Association QTL in Plants SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; POSITIONAL CLONING; FLOWERING-TIME; COMPLEX TRAITS; HAPLOTYPE MAP; MAIZE GENOME AB PICARA is an analytical pipeline designed to systematically summarize observed SNP/trait associations identified by genome wide association studies (GWAS) and to identify candidate genes involved in the regulation of complex trait variation. The pipeline provides probabilistic inference about a priori candidate genes using integrated information derived from genome-wide association signals, gene homology, and curated gene sets embedded in pathway descriptions. In this paper, we demonstrate the performance of PICARA using data for flowering time variation in maize - a key trait for geographical and seasonal adaption of plants. Among 406 curated flowering time-related genes from Arabidopsis, we identify 61 orthologs in maize that are significantly enriched for GWAS SNP signals, including key regulators such as FT (Flowering Locus T) and GI (GIGANTEA), and genes centered in the Arabidopsis circadian pathway, including TOC1 (Timing of CAB Expression 1) and LHY (Late Elongated Hypocotyl). In addition, we discover a regulatory feature that is characteristic of these a priori flowering time candidates in maize. This new probabilistic analytical pipeline helps researchers infer the functional significance of candidate genes associated with complex traits and helps guide future experiments by providing statistical support for gene candidates based on the integration of heterogeneous biological information. C1 [Chen, Charles; DeClerck, Genevieve; McCouch, Susan; Buckler, Edward] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tian, Feng] China Agr Univ, Natl Maize Improvement Ctr, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Spooner, William] Eagle Genom Ltd, Cambridge, England. [Buckler, Edward] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY USA. [Buckler, Edward] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Chen, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cc859@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0703908]; NSF [1026555] FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Plant Genome Research Grant 0703908. SM is also funded by NSF Plant Genome Research Grant 1026555. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e46596 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0046596 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048TK UT WOS:000311935800007 PM 23144785 ER PT J AU Fouts, DE Szpakowski, S Purushe, J Torralba, M Waterman, RC MacNeil, MD Alexander, LJ Nelson, KE AF Fouts, Derrick E. Szpakowski, Sebastian Purushe, Janaki Torralba, Manolito Waterman, Richard C. MacNeil, Michael D. Alexander, Leeson J. Nelson, Karen E. TI Next Generation Sequencing to Define Prokaryotic and Fungal Diversity in the Bovine Rumen SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; GENES; DISCOVERY; QUALITY; ARB; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITY AB A combination of Sanger and 454 sequences of small subunit rRNA loci were used to interrogate microbial diversity in the bovine rumen of 12 cows consuming a forage diet. Observed bacterial species richness, based on the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene, was between 1,903 to 2,432 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) when 5,520 reads were sampled per animal. Eighty percent of species-level OTUs were dominated by members of the order Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, Erysipelotrichales and unclassified TM7. Abundance of Prevotella species varied widely among the 12 animals. Archaeal species richness, also based on 16S rRNA, was between 8 and 13 OTUs, representing 5 genera. The majority of archaeal OTUs (84%) found in this study were previously observed in public databases with only two new OTUs discovered. Observed rumen fungal species richness, based on the 18S rRNA gene, was between 21 and 40 OTUs with 98.4-99.9% of OTUs represented by more than one read, using Good's coverage. Examination of the fungal community identified numerous novel groups. Prevotella and Tannerella were overrepresented in the liquid fraction of the rumen while Butyrivibrio and Blautia were significantly overrepresented in the solid fraction of the rumen. No statistical difference was observed between the liquid and solid fractions in biodiversity of archaea and fungi. The survey of microbial communities and analysis of cross-domain correlations suggested there is a far greater extent of microbial diversity in the bovine rumen than previously appreciated, and that next generation sequencing technologies promise to reveal novel species, interactions and pathways that can be studied further in order to better understand how rumen microbial community structure and function affects ruminant feed efficiency, biofuel production, and environmental impact. C1 [Fouts, Derrick E.; Szpakowski, Sebastian; Purushe, Janaki; Torralba, Manolito; Nelson, Karen E.] JCVI, Rockville, MD USA. [Waterman, Richard C.; MacNeil, Michael D.; Alexander, Leeson J.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Fouts, DE (reprint author), JCVI, Rockville, MD USA. EM dfouts@jcvi.org FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5434-31000-014-00D] FX Funding was provided by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS project # 5434-31000-014-00D. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 58 Z9 65 U1 6 U2 85 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e48289 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048289 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048TK UT WOS:000311935800043 PM 23144861 ER PT J AU Li, JL Qin, HR Wu, J Sadd, BM Wang, XH Evans, JD Peng, WJ Chen, YP AF Li, Jilian Qin, Haoran Wu, Jie Sadd, Ben M. Wang, Xiuhong Evans, Jay D. Peng, Wenjun Chen, Yanping TI The Prevalence of Parasites and Pathogens in Asian Honeybees Apis cerana in China SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; BEE COLONY COLLAPSE; NOSEMA-CERANAE; BUMBLE BEES; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; GUT BACTERIA; MELLIFERA L.; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; PARALYSIS VIRUS AB Pathogens and parasites represent significant threats to the health and well-being of honeybee species that are key pollinators of agricultural crops and flowers worldwide. We conducted a nationwide survey to determine the occurrence and prevalence of pathogens and parasites in Asian honeybees, Apis cerana, in China. Our study provides evidence of infections of A. cerana by pathogenic Deformed wing virus (DWV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV), Nosema ceranae, and C. bombi species that have been linked to population declines of European honeybees, A. mellifera, and bumble bees. However, the prevalence of DWV, a virus that causes widespread infection in A. mellifera, was low, arguably a result of the greater ability of A. cerana to resist the ectoprasitic mite Varroa destructor, an efficient vector of DWV. Analyses of microbial communities from the A. cerana digestive tract showed that Nosema infection could have detrimental effects on the gut microbiota. Workers infected by N. ceranae tended to have lower bacterial quantities, with these differences being significant for the Bifidobacterium and Pasteurellaceae bacteria groups. The results of this nationwide screen show that parasites and pathogens that have caused serious problems in European honeybees can be found in native honeybee species kept in Asia. Environmental changes due to new agricultural practices and globalization may facilitate the spread of pathogens into new geographic areas. The foraging behavior of pollinators that are in close geographic proximity likely have played an important role in spreading of parasites and pathogens over to new hosts. Phylogenetic analyses provide insights into the movement and population structure of these parasites, suggesting a bidirectional flow of parasites among pollinators. The presence of these parasites and pathogens may have considerable implications for an observed population decline of Asian honeybees. C1 [Li, Jilian; Qin, Haoran; Wu, Jie; Wang, Xiuhong; Peng, Wenjun] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Apicultural Res, Minist Agr, Key Lab Pollinating Insect Biol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Evans, Jay D.; Chen, Yanping] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Sadd, Ben M.] Eth Zurich Univ Str, Inst Integrat Biol, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Peng, WJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Apicultural Res, Minist Agr, Key Lab Pollinating Insect Biol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM bumblebeeljl@hotmail.com; judy.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Sadd, Ben/0000-0003-3136-5144 FU Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Eidgenosische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland [2009DFA32600]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation [6122032]; Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [30700606, 30972149]; China Agriculture Research System (CARS-45) [201203080-4]; Special Fund for Agricultural Research in the Public Interest [201203080-4] FX Funding was provided by an international joint research project between the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China and Eidgenosische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland (No. 2009DFA32600), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 6122032), Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (No. 30700606, 30972149), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-45) (201203080-4), the Special Fund for Agricultural Research in the Public Interest (201203080-4). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 70 TC 14 Z9 23 U1 9 U2 87 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e47955 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047955 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048TK UT WOS:000311935800030 PM 23144838 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Koskinen, WC Barber, BL AF Papiernik, Sharon K. Koskinen, William C. Barber, Brian L. TI Low Sorption and Fast Dissipation of the Herbicide Saflufenacil in Surface Soils and Subsoils of an Eroded Prairie Landscape SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE degradation; dissipation; herbicide; retention; soil; sorption; subsoil ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SUBSURFACE SOILS; DEGRADATION; RESIDUES; ATRAZINE; 2,4-D; DESORPTION; DEPTH; FIELD; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Saflufenacil partitioning and dissipation were evaluated in soils from an eroded prairie landscape to provide information on its expected environmental fate. Saflufenacil K-d values followed trends in soil organic carbon content In surface soils, K-d values ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 L kg(-1) in the depositional lower slope and from 0.02 to 0.06 L kg(-1) in the eroded upper slope. In subsurface soils, K-d values were an order of magnitude higher in the lower slope (mean 0.1 L kg(-1)) than in the upper slope (mean 0.01 L kg(-1)). Sorption was slightly higher in samples aged 1-8 weeks compared to freshly spiked soils. Mean dissipation half-lives (DT50) were 13 d in surface soils and 32 d in subsurface soils. The observed low sorption and relatively rapid dissipation of saflufenacil suggest that this herbicide will be readily available for degradation or plant uptake in the root zone. C1 [Papiernik, Sharon K.] ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Koskinen, William C.] ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Barber, Brian L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Sharon.Papiernik@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 44 BP 10936 EP 10941 DI 10.1021/jf303271p PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 038RQ UT WOS:000311192200007 PM 23030723 ER PT J AU Hung, SC Yokoyama, W Kim, H Bartley, G Anderson, WHK Albers, DR Langhorst, ML Williams, DM Stott, W Turowski, M Young, SA AF Hung, Shao-Ching Yokoyama, Wallace Kim, Hyunsook Bartley, Glenn Anderson, William H. K. Albers, David R. Langhorst, Marsha L. Williams, David M. Stott, William Turowski, Maciej Young, Scott A. TI Effects of Cationic Hydroxyethyl Cellulose on Dyslipidemia in Hamsters SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hamsters; soluble dietary fiber; hypocholesterolemic effect; dyslipidemia; cardiovascular disease ID DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE; BILE-ACID; HIGH-FAT; CHOLESTEROL; FIBER; VISCOSITY; MOUSE; HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE; EXPRESSION AB Cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose (cHEC) was supplemented in a high-fat diet to determine if this new soluble fiber had an effect on hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia associated with cardiovascular disease using Golden Syrian hamster as an animal model. Supplementation of 3-5% cHEC in a high-fat diet for 4 weeks led to significant weight gain reduction in hamsters. In addition, significant decreases in adipose and liver weights, concentrations of plasma total, VLDL, and LDL cholesterol, and hepatic lipids were shown. No significant improvements in glucose and insulin levels were observed with cHEC; however, a significant increase in plasma adiponectin and a decrease in leptin were observed. As compared with controls, 8% cHEC-fed hamsters had greater levels of mRNA for CYP7A1 (cytochrome P450 7A1; 2-fold of control; P < 0.05), CYP51 (lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase; 6-fold of control; P < 0.05), and LDLR (LDL receptor; 1.5-fold of control) in the liver. These findings suggest the possibility of the use of cHEC for cholesterol reduction and beneficial effects on the cardiovascular risk factors. C1 [Hung, Shao-Ching; Anderson, William H. K.; Albers, David R.; Langhorst, Marsha L.; Williams, David M.; Stott, William; Turowski, Maciej; Young, Scott A.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48667 USA. [Yokoyama, Wallace; Kim, Hyunsook; Bartley, Glenn] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Young, SA (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48667 USA. EM sayoung@dow.com NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 44 BP 11149 EP 11156 DI 10.1021/jf302095c PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 038RQ UT WOS:000311192200034 PM 23083223 ER PT J AU Zarnetske, JP Haggerty, R Wondzell, SM Bokil, VA Gonzalez-Pinzon, R AF Zarnetske, Jay P. Haggerty, Roy Wondzell, Steven M. Bokil, Vrushali A. Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo TI Coupled transport and reaction kinetics control the nitrate source-sink function of hyporheic zones SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SEPTIC-SYSTEM NITRATE; TRANSIENT STORAGE; FRESH-WATER; HEADWATER STREAMS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; POROUS-MEDIA; LAND-USE AB The fate of biologically available nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) in stream ecosystems is controlled by the coupling of physical transport and biogeochemical reaction kinetics. However, determining the relative role of physical and biogeochemical controls at different temporal and spatial scales is difficult. The hyporheic zone (HZ), where groundwater-stream water mix, can be an important location controlling N and C transformations because it creates strong gradients in both the physical and biogeochemical conditions that control redox biogeochemistry. We evaluated the coupling of physical transport and biogeochemical redox reactions by linking an advection, dispersion, and residence time model with a multiple Monod kinetics model simulating the concentrations of oxygen (O-2), ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We used global Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses with a nondimensional form of the model to examine coupled nitrification-denitrification dynamics across many scales of transport and reaction conditions. Results demonstrated that the residence time of water in the HZ and the uptake rate of O-2 from either respiration and/or nitrification determined whether the HZ was a source or a sink of NO3 to the stream. We further show that whether the HZ is a net NO3 source or net NO3 sink is determined by the ratio of the characteristic transport time to the characteristic reaction time of O-2 (i.e., the Damkohler number, Da(O2)), where HZs with Da(O2) < 1 will be net nitrification environments and HZs with Da(O2) << 1 will be net denitrification environments. Our coupling of the hydrologic and biogeochemical limitations of N transformations across different temporal and spatial scales within the HZ allows us to explain the widely contrasting results of previous investigations of HZ N dynamics which variously identify the HZ as either a net source or sink of NO3. Our model results suggest that only estimates of residence times and O-2 uptake rates are necessary to predict this nitrification-denitrification threshold and, ultimately, whether a HZ will be either a net source or sink of NO3. C1 [Zarnetske, Jay P.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Haggerty, Roy] Oregon State Univ, Inst Water & Watersheds, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Haggerty, Roy; Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wondzell, Steven M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bokil, Vrushali A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Math, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo] Oregon State Univ, Water Resources Grad Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Zarnetske, JP (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM jay.zarnetske@yale.edu RI Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Zarnetske, Jay/F-4685-2010; Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo/A-6877-2011 OI Zarnetske, Jay/0000-0003-2777-5378; Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo/0000-0001-9387-6885 FU NSF Ecosystem Informatics IGERT fellowship (NSF) [DGE-0333257]; OSU Institute for Water and Watersheds; Society for Freshwater Sciences Endowment Fund; NSF [EAR-0409534, DMS-1122699, EAR-0838338]; Hollis M. Dole Environmental Geology Foundation at OSU FX Support for this project was provided by a NSF Ecosystem Informatics IGERT fellowship (NSF grant DGE-0333257) to J.P.Z., research grants from the OSU Institute for Water and Watersheds and a Society for Freshwater Sciences Endowment Fund to J.P.Z., and the NSF grant EAR-0409534 to R. H. and S. M. W. V. A. B. would like to acknowledge the NSF Mathematical Biology grant DMS-1122699 for partial support. Further research support was provided by the Hollis M. Dole Environmental Geology Foundation at OSU and NSF Grant EAR-0838338. Discussions with C. Gu and S. Gregory greatly enhanced this study. We also thank the AE and four anonymous reviewers who provided insightful comments that improved this manuscript. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. NR 93 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 8 U2 142 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W11508 DI 10.1029/2012WR011894 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 035PZ UT WOS:000310961300001 ER PT J AU Hermann, J Fry, A Reising, M Patterson, P Siev, D Gatewood, D AF Hermann, J. Fry, A. Reising, M. Patterson, P. Siev, D. Gatewood, D. TI Rabies vaccine standards: Comparison of the 5th and 6th WHO international reference standards to the USDA veterinary reference standard SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Fifth International; Sixth International; Rabies standards; NIH test; Vaccine ID CHALLENGE; POTENCY; ROUTE; MICE AB Ensuring rabies vaccines are potent and effective is paramount in preventing transmission of this deadly disease and safeguarding public health. Efficacy of human and veterinary vaccines is ensured by evaluating relative potency estimates of the vaccine compared to a rabies reference standard using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) test. Reference vaccines are based on the International Standard for Rabies Vaccine provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). A comparison study was conducted to determine the relative potency of the 5th WHO, 6th WHO, and United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) 08-14 reference standards using the NIH test. Results from the study demonstrate that the 6th WHO reference standard is approximately twice as potent as the 5th WHO reference when reconstituted to contain 1 IU per ml. Based on these results, the Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB) doubled the reconstitution volume of USDA veterinary reference 08-14 from 13 ml to 26 ml, for an initial use dilution of 0.7 IU per ml for use by veterinary biologics manufacturers in the NIH test. This study emphasizes the importance of reference standard calibration for use in the National Institutes of Health test. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hermann, J.; Fry, A.; Reising, M.; Patterson, P.; Siev, D.; Gatewood, D.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Gatewood, D (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Donna.M.Gatewood@aphis.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 6 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 48 BP 6892 EP 6896 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.002 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 050LA UT WOS:000312053600027 PM 22981761 ER PT J AU Ma, JC Ibekwe, AM Crowley, DE Yang, CH AF Ma, Jincai Ibekwe, A. Mark Crowley, David E. Yang, Ching-Hong TI Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Major Leafy Green Producing Soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILABLE ORGANIC-CARBON; MANURE-AMENDED SOIL; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; FRESH PRODUCE; O157-H7; SURVIVAL; WATER; LETTUCE; GROWTH; TRANSMISSION AB Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in 32 (16 organically managed and 16 conventionally managed) soils from California (CA) and Arizona (AZ) was investigated. Results showed that the longest survival (ttd, time needed to reach detection limit, 100 CFU g(-1) dry soil) of E. coli 0157:H7 was observed in the soils from Salinas Valley, CA and in organically managed soils from AZ. Detrended correspondence analysis revealed that the survival profiles in organically managed soils in Yuma, AZ were different from the ones in conventionally managed soils from the same site Principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis showed that E. colt 0157:H7 survival in soils was negatively correlated with salinity (EC) (P < 0.001), while positively correlated with assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and total nitrogen (TN) (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that a greater ttd was associated with a larger (5 (time needed for first decimal reduction in E colt population). EC was negatively correlated and TN was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with 5, suggesting that EC and TN likely have a direct impact on ttd. On the other hand, AOC showed a close correlation with p (the shape parameter) that was not directly related to ttd, indicating that AOC might have an indirect effect in the overall survival of E colt O157:H7 in soils. Our data showed that AOC and EC significantly affected the survival of E. colt 0157:H7 in leafy green producing soils and the development of good agricultural practices (manure/composting/irrigation water source management) in the preharvest environment must be followed to minimize foodborne bacterial contamination on fresh produce. C1 [Ma, Jincai; Ibekwe, A. Mark] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Ma, Jincai; Crowley, David E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Yang, Ching-Hong] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Mark.Ibekwe@ars.usda.gov RI Crowley, David/C-1216-2014; Ma, Jincai/D-1290-2013 OI Crowley, David/0000-0002-1805-8599; Ma, Jincai/0000-0002-0792-0251 FU CSREES NIFA [2008-35201-18709]; USDA-ARS [206] FX This research was supported by CSREES NIFA Agreement 2008-35201-18709 and the 206 Manure and Byproduct Utilization Project of the USDA-ARS. We thank Drs. Jorge Fonseca of the University of Arizona Yuma, Mark Trent, UC-Davis, Imperial Agricultural Experiment Station, and James McCreight of USDA-ARS Salinas, CA for providing soil samples for this study. We also thank Damon Baptista for technical help. Mention of trademark or propriety products in this manuscript does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the property by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 6 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 21 BP 12154 EP 12161 DI 10.1021/es302738z PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031TK UT WOS:000310665000081 PM 23030401 ER PT J AU Ortega-Azorin, C Sorli, JV Asensio, EM Coltell, O Martinez-Gonzalez, MA Salas-Salvado, J Covas, MI Aros, F Lapetra, J Serra-Majem, L Gomez-Gracia, E Fiol, M Saez-Tormo, G Pinto, X Munoz, MA Ros, E Ordovas, JM Estruch, R Corella, D AF Ortega-Azorin, Carolina Sorli, Jose V. Asensio, Eva M. Coltell, Oscar Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel Salas-Salvado, Jordi Covas, Maria-Isabel Aros, Fernando Lapetra, Jose Serra-Majem, Lluis Gomez-Gracia, Enrique Fiol, Miquel Saez-Tormo, Guillermo Pinto, Xavier Angel Munoz, Miguel Ros, Emilio Ordovas, Jose M. Estruch, Ramon Corella, Dolores TI Associations of the FTO rs9939609 and the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes are modulated by diet, being higher when adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern is low SO CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nutrigenetics; Mediterranean diet; Diabetes; FTO; MC4R; Gene-diet interactions ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; BODY-MASS INDEX; DNA METHYLATION; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; FAT MASS; ASIAN POPULATIONS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; COMMON VARIANTS; OBESITY; METAANALYSIS AB Background: Although the Fat Mass and Obesity (FTO) and Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) genes have been consistently associated with obesity risk, the association between the obesity-risk alleles with type 2 diabetes is still controversial. In some recent meta-analyses in which significant results have been reported, the associations disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). However gene-diet interactions with dietary patterns have not been investigated. Our main aim was to analyze whether these associations are modulated by the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). Methods: Case-control study in 7,052 high cardiovascular risk subjects (3,430 type 2 diabetes cases and 3,622 non-diabetic subjects) with no differences in BMI. Diet was assessed by validated questionnaires. FTO-rs9939609 and MC4R-rs17782313 were determined. An aggregate genetic score was calculated to test additive effects. Gene-diet interactions were analyzed. Results: Neither of the polymorphisms was associated with type 2 diabetes in the whole population. However, we found consistent gene-diet interactions with adherence to the MedDiet both for the FTO-rs9939609 (P-interaction=0.039), the MC4R-rs17782313 (P-interaction=0.009) and for their aggregate score (P-interaction=0.006). When adherence to the MedDiet was low, carriers of the variant alleles had higher type 2 diabetes risk (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.03-1.40; P=0.019 for FTO-rs9939609 and OR=1.17, 95%CI:1.01-1.36; P=0.035 for MC4R-rs17782313) than wild-type subjects. However, when adherence to the MedDiet was high, these associations disappeared (OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.85-1.16; P=0.673 for FTO-rs9939609 and OR=0.89, 95%CI:0.78-1.02; P=0.097 for MC4R-rs17782313). These gene-diet interactions remained significant even after adjustment for BMI. As MedDiet is rich in folate, we also specifically examined folate intake and detected statistically significant interaction effects on fasting plasma glucose concentrations in non-diabetic subjects. However these findings should be interpreted with caution because folate intake may simply reflect a healthy dietary pattern. Conclusions: These novel results suggest that the association of the FTO-rs9939609 and the MC4R-rs17782313 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes depends on diet and that a high adherence to the MedDiet counteracts the genetic predisposition. C1 [Ortega-Azorin, Carolina; Sorli, Jose V.; Asensio, Eva M.; Corella, Dolores] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Valencia, Spain. [Ortega-Azorin, Carolina; Sorli, Jose V.; Asensio, Eva M.; Coltell, Oscar; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Covas, Maria-Isabel; Lapetra, Jose; Fiol, Miquel; Ros, Emilio; Estruch, Ramon; Corella, Dolores] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Madrid, Spain. [Coltell, Oscar] Univ Jaume 1, Dept Comp Languages & Syst, Castellon de La Plana, Spain. [Coltell, Oscar; Ordovas, Jose M.; Corella, Dolores] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel] Univ Navarra, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. [Salas-Salvado, Jordi] Univ Rovira & Virgili, IISPV, Fac Med, Human Nutr Unit, E-43201 Reus, Spain. [Covas, Maria-Isabel] Municipal Inst Med Res IMIM, Cardiovasc Epidemiol Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Aros, Fernando] Hosp Txagorritxu, Dept Cardiol, Vitoria, Spain. [Lapetra, Jose] San Pablo Hlth Ctr, Primary Care Div Sevilla, Dept Family Med, Seville, Spain. [Serra-Majem, Lluis] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Dept Clin Sci, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. [Gomez-Gracia, Enrique] Univ Malaga, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Malaga, Spain. [Fiol, Miquel] Hosp Son Dureta, Univ Inst Hlth Sci Invest, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Saez-Tormo, Guillermo] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Valencia, Spain. [Pinto, Xavier] Hosp Llobregat, Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Lipids & Vasc Risk Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Angel Munoz, Miguel] Catalan Inst Hlth, Primary Care Div, Barcelona, Spain. [Ros, Emilio] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi Sunyer IDIBAPS, Endocrinol & Nutr Serv, Lipid Clin, Barcelona, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] CNIC, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] IMDEA Alimentac, Madrid, Spain. [Estruch, Ramon] IDIBAPS, Hosp Clin, Dept Internal Med, Barcelona, Spain. [Corella, Dolores] Univ Valencia, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia 46010, Spain. RP Corella, D (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Valencia, Spain. EM dolores.corella@uv.es RI Lapetra, Jose/F-2552-2015; Fiol, Miguel/F-6793-2016; IBIS, ATENCION PRIMARIA/I-3524-2016; Salas-Salvado, Jordi/C-7229-2017; OI Salas-Salvado, Jordi/0000-0003-2700-7459; Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel A./0000-0002-3917-9808; Munoz, Miguel-Angel/0000-0002-4083-3248 FU Spanish Ministry of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III); Ministry of Economy and Innovation, Spain; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional [PI051839, PI070240, PI1001407, G03/140, CIBER 06/03, RD06/0045 PI07-0954, CNIC-06, PI11/02505, SAF2009-12304, AGL2010-22319-C03-03]; US Department of Agriculture Research, USA [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Generalitat Valenciana, Spain [AP111/10, AP-042/11, BEST11-263, BEST/2011/261, GVACOMP2011-151, ACOMP/2011/145, ACOMP/2012/190] FX This study has been supported by The Spanish Ministry of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and the Ministry of Economy and Innovation, Spain and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (projects PI051839, PI070240, PI1001407, G03/140, CIBER 06/03, RD06/0045 PI07-0954, CNIC-06, PI11/02505, SAF2009-12304 and AGL2010-22319-C03-03), by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research, USA and by the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain (AP111/10, AP-042/11, BEST11-263, BEST/2011/261, GVACOMP2011-151, ACOMP/2011/145 and ACOMP/2012/190). NR 62 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 31 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2840 J9 CARDIOVASC DIABETOL JI Cardiovasc. Diabetol. PD NOV 6 PY 2012 VL 11 AR 137 DI 10.1186/1475-2840-11-137 PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 038YQ UT WOS:000311210400001 PM 23130628 ER PT J AU Ahanda, MLE Fritz, ER Estelle, J Hu, ZL Madsen, O Groenen, MAM Beraldi, D Kapetanovic, R Hume, DA Rowland, RRR Lunney, JK Rogel-Gaillard, C Reecy, JM Giuffra, E AF Ahanda, Marie-Laure Endale Fritz, Eric R. Estelle, Jordi Hu, Zhi-Liang Madsen, Ole Groenen, Martien A. M. Beraldi, Dario Kapetanovic, Ronan Hume, David A. Rowland, Robert R. R. Lunney, Joan K. Rogel-Gaillard, Claire Reecy, James M. Giuffra, Elisabetta TI Prediction of Altered 3 '-UTR miRNA-Binding Sites from RNA-Seq Data: The Swine Leukocyte Antigen Complex (SLA) as a Model Region SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MICRORNA TARGET RECOGNITION; MEDIATED GENE-REGULATION; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; EXPRESSION; ACCESSIBILITY; PRINCIPLES; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; DISEASE; GENOME AB The SLA (swine leukocyte antigen, MHC: SLA) genes are the most important determinants of immune, infectious disease and vaccine response in pigs; several genetic associations with immunity and swine production traits have been reported. However, most of the current knowledge on SLA is limited to gene coding regions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of a large number of protein-coding genes in metazoans, and are suggested to play important roles in fine-tuning immune mechanisms and disease responses. Polymorphisms in either miRNAs or their gene targets may have a significant impact on gene expression by abolishing, weakening or creating miRNA target sites, possibly leading to phenotypic variation. We explored the impact of variants in the 3'-UTR miRNA target sites of genes within the whole SLA region. The combined predictions by TargetScan, PACMIT and TargetSpy, based on different biological parameters, empowered the identification of miRNA target sites and the discovery of polymorphic miRNA target sites (poly-miRTSs). Predictions for three SLA genes characterized by a different range of sequence variation provided proof of principle for the analysis of poly-miRTSs from a total of 144 M RNA-Seq reads collected from different porcine tissues. Twenty-four novel SNPs were predicted to affect miRNA-binding sites in 19 genes of the SLA region. Seven of these genes (SLA-1, SLA-6, SLA-DQA, SLA-DQB1, SLA-DOA, SLA-DOB and TAP1) are linked to antigen processing and presentation functions, which is reminiscent of associations with disease traits reported for altered miRNA binding to MHC genes in humans. An inverse correlation in expression levels was demonstrated between miRNAs and co-expressed SLA targets by exploiting a published dataset (RNA-Seq and small RNA-Seq) of three porcine tissues. Our results support the resource value of RNA-Seq collections to identify SNPs that may lead to altered miRNA regulation patterns. C1 [Ahanda, Marie-Laure Endale; Estelle, Jordi; Rogel-Gaillard, Claire; Giuffra, Elisabetta] INRA, UMR Genet Anim & Biol Integrat 1313, Jouy En Josas, France. [Ahanda, Marie-Laure Endale; Estelle, Jordi; Rogel-Gaillard, Claire; Giuffra, Elisabetta] CEA, DSV, IRCM, SREIT,Lab Radiobiol & Etud Genome, Jouy En Josas, France. [Ahanda, Marie-Laure Endale; Estelle, Jordi; Rogel-Gaillard, Claire; Giuffra, Elisabetta] AgroParisTech, Lab Genet Anim & Biol Integrat, Jouy En Josas, France. [Fritz, Eric R.; Hu, Zhi-Liang; Reecy, James M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA USA. [Fritz, Eric R.; Hu, Zhi-Liang; Reecy, James M.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Integrated Anim Genom, Ames, IA USA. [Madsen, Ole; Groenen, Martien A. M.] Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Beraldi, Dario; Kapetanovic, Ronan; Hume, David A.] Univ Edinburgh, Roslin Inst, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Beraldi, Dario; Kapetanovic, Ronan; Hume, David A.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rowland, Robert R. R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lunney, Joan K.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Giuffra, E (reprint author), INRA, UMR Genet Anim & Biol Integrat 1313, Jouy En Josas, France. EM elisabetta.giuffra@jouy.inra.fr RI Endale Ahanda, Marie-Laure/D-1661-2012; Hume, David/C-7695-2013; Giuffra, Elisabetta/I-3201-2013; Madsen, Ole/E-3730-2012; Estelle, Jordi/A-7976-2008; kapetanovic, ronan/G-8322-2012; Giuffra, Elisabetta/J-8080-2014; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Bed'Hom, Bertrand/G-7313-2011 OI Endale Ahanda, Marie-Laure/0000-0002-0861-1565; Madsen, Ole/0000-0001-8082-7881; Estelle, Jordi/0000-0002-6241-1732; Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Bed'Hom, Bertrand/0000-0002-0825-0886 FU 'INRA Package' project of EG; U.S. National Pork Board; United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service FX MLEA and EG are supported by the 'INRA Package' project (2011-2014) of EG. ERF, RRRR, JKL, and JMR acknowledge support for the PRRS Host Genetics Consortium from the U.S. National Pork Board and from the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (JKL). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e48607 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048607 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 040IE UT WOS:000311315300043 ER PT J AU Horan, AJ Gao, YQ Hall, WA Johnston, MV AF Horan, Andrew J. Gao, Yuqian Hall, Wiley A. Johnston, Murray V. TI Online Characterization of Particles and Gases with an Ambient Electrospray Ionization Source SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLSURECENT DEVELOPMENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY TECHNIQUES; GROWTH; MS; CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE AB Methods for online characterization and quantification of gas- and particle-phase species greatly facilitate the study of aerosol particle formation and reaction mechanisms. An online method for aerosol analysis has been developed by altering a conventional electrospray ionization mass spectrometer to direct the aerosol flow through the nebulizing gas inlet. Interaction between the aerosol and electrospray droplets produces ions that are subsequently analyzed by MS or MS/MS with a quadrupole ion trap mass analyzer. Performance is assessed using both particle-phase (cesium iodide, glycine) and gas-phase (dimethylamine, dimethylnapthylamine) analytes as well as a secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced by ozonolysis of a-pinene. Analyte signal intensity is strongly dependent on solubility in the electrospray solvent, suggesting that the predominant ionization mechanism involves extraction of the analyte into the electrospray droplets. For gas-phase analytes, gas-phase charge transfer also appears to play a minor role in ion formation. As currently configured, the source is capable of characterizing oligomers in a SOA at a mass loading of <30 mu g/m(3) and quantifying alkyl amine concentrations between approximately 8 ppb and 1 ppm. C1 [Horan, Andrew J.; Johnston, Murray V.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Gao, Yuqian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hall, Wiley A.] ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Johnston, MV (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mvj@udel.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE1110554] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CHE1110554. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 6 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 21 BP 9253 EP 9258 DI 10.1021/ac302024y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 031TG UT WOS:000310664600054 PM 23013239 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Simons, K Iqbal, MJ de Jimenez, MM Bassi, FM Ghavami, F Al-Azzam, O Drader, T Wang, Y Luo, MC Gu, YQ Denton, A Lazo, GR Xu, SS Dvorak, J Kianian, PMA Kianian, SF AF Kumar, Ajay Simons, Kristin Iqbal, Muhammad J. de Jimenez, Monika Michalak Bassi, Filippo M. Ghavami, Farhad Al-Azzam, Omar Drader, Thomas Wang, Yi Luo, Ming-Cheng Gu, Yong Q. Denton, Anne Lazo, Gerard R. Xu, Steven S. Dvorak, Jan Kianian, Penny M. A. Kianian, Shahryar F. TI Physical mapping resources for large plant genomes: radiation hybrids for wheat D-genome progenitor Aegilops tauschii SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Aegilops tauschii; Genetically effective cell number; Physical mapping; Radiation hybrid mapping; Repeat DNA junction marker; Wheat ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; BREAD WHEAT; NICOTIANA-PLUMBAGINIFOLIA; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; CHROMOSOME 3B; SEED DEVELOPMENT; SEQUENCE; MAP; GENE; EVOLUTION AB Background: Development of a high quality reference sequence is a daunting task in crops like wheat with large (similar to 17Gb), highly repetitive (>80%) and polyploid genome. To achieve complete sequence assembly of such genomes, development of a high quality physical map is a necessary first step. However, due to the lack of recombination in certain regions of the chromosomes, genetic mapping, which uses recombination frequency to map marker loci, alone is not sufficient to develop high quality marker scaffolds for a sequence ready physical map. Radiation hybrid (RH) mapping, which uses radiation induced chromosomal breaks, has proven to be a successful approach for developing marker scaffolds for sequence assembly in animal systems. Here, the development and characterization of a RH panel for the mapping of D-genome of wheat progenitor Aegilops tauschii is reported. Results: Radiation dosages of 350 and 450 Gy were optimized for seed irradiation of a synthetic hexaploid (AABBDD) wheat with the D-genome of Ae. tauschii accession AL8/78. The surviving plants after irradiation were crossed to durum wheat (AABB), to produce pentaploid RH(1)s (AABBD), which allows the simultaneous mapping of the whole D-genome. A panel of 1,510 RH1 plants was obtained, of which 592 plants were generated from the mature RH1 seeds, and 918 plants were rescued through embryo culture due to poor germination (<3%) of mature RH1 seeds. This panel showed a homogenous marker loss (2.1%) after screening with SSR markers uniformly covering all the D-genome chromosomes. Different marker systems mostly detected different lines with deletions. Using markers covering known distances, the mapping resolution of this RH panel was estimated to be <140kb. Analysis of only 16 RH lines carrying deletions on chromosome 2D resulted in a physical map with cM/cR ratio of 1:5.2 and 15 distinct bins. Additionally, with this small set of lines, almost all the tested ESTs could be mapped. A set of 399 most informative RH lines with an average deletion frequency of similar to 10% were identified for developing high density marker scaffolds of the D-genome. Conclusions: The RH panel reported here is the first developed for any wild ancestor of a major cultivated plant species. The results provided insight into various aspects of RH mapping in plants, including the genetically effective cell number for wheat (for the first time) and the potential implementation of this technique in other plant species. This RH panel will be an invaluable resource for mapping gene based markers, developing a complete marker scaffold for the whole genome sequence assembly, fine mapping of markers and functional characterization of genes and gene networks present on the D-genome. C1 [Kumar, Ajay; Simons, Kristin; Iqbal, Muhammad J.; de Jimenez, Monika Michalak; Bassi, Filippo M.; Ghavami, Farhad; Kianian, Penny M. A.; Kianian, Shahryar F.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Al-Azzam, Omar; Denton, Anne] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Drader, Thomas; Wang, Yi; Gu, Yong Q.; Lazo, Gerard R.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Luo, Ming-Cheng; Dvorak, Jan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Xu, Steven S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Kianian, SF (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM s.kianian@ndsu.edu RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 FU National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Research Program (NSF-PGRP) [IOS-0822100] FX The authors wish to thank Justin Hegstad and Allen Peckrul for assistance in the development of RH panel and capable technical support throughout the research. We would also like to thank Dr. Phillip E. McClean for reviewing the manuscript. Thanks are also due to the members of external scientific advisory board, Drs. Ronald Phillips, Etienne Paux, Rod Wing and Volker Brendel for all their suggestions and comments. This work was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Research Program (NSF-PGRP) grant No. IOS-0822100 to SFK. NR 87 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 5 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 597 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-597 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 085XI UT WOS:000314647200001 PM 23127207 ER PT J AU Lochmann, R Engle, C Kumar, G Li, MH Avery, JL Bosworth, BG Tucker, CS AF Lochmann, Rebecca Engle, Carole Kumar, Ganesh Li, Menghe H. Avery, Jimmy L. Bosworth, Brian G. Tucker, Craig S. TI Multi-batch catfish production and economic analysis using alternative (low-cost) diets with corn gluten feed and traditional diets with meat and bone meal SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Channel catfish; Multi-batch production; Corn gluten feed; Meat and bone meal; Economic analysis ID CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT; AMINO-ACIDS; FEEDSTUFFS; AVAILABILITY; INGREDIENTS; PROTEIN; ENERGY AB We conducted concurrent feeding trials for one growing season with channel catfish in ponds in Mississippi and Arkansas to evaluate the production and economic effects of alternative (low-cost) feeds containing 28 or 32% protein and alternative (corn gluten feed) or traditional (porcine meat, bone and blood meal) protein sources. Supplemental lysine was added to all diets except the 32% protein traditional diet to meet meet the available lysine requirement for catfish. Higher concentrations of dicalcium phosphate were also included in the alternative diets to meet the available phosphorus requirement for catfish. Fish were stocked in a multi-batch system and the same diets and general management protocols were used at both sites. At harvest, there were no differences in the total amount of feed fed, yield of market-size fish, mean weight of market-size fish, feed conversion, survival, carcass yield, or fillet yield among dietary treatments at both sites. There were some differences in processing yield and fillet composition, but the main diet effect was the higher yield of fingerlings fed diets with 32% protein compared to 28% protein in the Arkansas trial. The 28% protein alternative (corn gluten feed) diet would result in the best Year 1 cash flow because the yield of marketable fish was the same, at a lower total feed cost. However, the lower yield of fingerlings fed 28% protein diets will weaken the farm's balance sheet and show reduced profitability. Second-year performance and economics of understocked fish fed 28% protein diets are unknown. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lochmann, Rebecca; Engle, Carole; Kumar, Ganesh] Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture & Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. [Bosworth, Brian G.; Tucker, Craig S.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lochmann, R (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture & Fisheries Ctr, 1200N,Univ Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM rlochmann@uaex.edu FU Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station through a grant from USDA NIFA [MIS-391340]; USDA-ARS [58-6225-0-049] FX The authors thank Billy Rutland, Lee McIntire, and staff at the NWAC for assistance in routine management of the study, and Penny Lucas for proximate analyses of diet and tissue samples at NWAC. The project was supported under Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Project MIS-391340 through a grant from USDA NIFA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The authors also thank the USDA-ARS (Specific Cooperative Agreement No 58-6225-0-049) for partial funding of the UAPB study, the UAPB Aquaculture Research Station crew for assistance, and Harold Phillips and Ruguang Chen for proximate analysis of diets and tissues at UAPB. Nilima Renukdas, Todd Sink, and Harold Phillips provided helpful suggestions and comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 5 PY 2012 VL 366 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.052 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 030LK UT WOS:000310572000005 ER PT J AU Durso, LM Miller, DN Wienhold, BJ AF Durso, Lisa M. Miller, Daniel N. Wienhold, Brian J. TI Distribution and Quantification of Antibiotic Resistant Genes and Bacteria across Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Metagenomes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROBIOME; TRACKING; FOOD AB There is concern that antibiotic resistance can potentially be transferred from animals to humans through the food chain. The relationship between specific antibiotic resistant bacteria and the genes they carry remains to be described. Few details are known about the ecology of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria in food production systems, or how antibiotic resistance genes in food animals compare to antibiotic resistance genes in other ecosystems. Here we report the distribution of antibiotic resistant genes in publicly available agricultural and non-agricultural metagenomic samples and identify which bacteria are likely to be carrying those genes. Antibiotic resistance, as coded for in the genes used in this study, is a process that was associated with all natural, agricultural, and human-impacted ecosystems examined, with between 0.7 to 4.4% of all classified genes in each habitat coding for resistance to antibiotic and toxic compounds (RATC). Agricultural, human, and coastal-marine metagenomes have characteristic distributions of antibiotic resistance genes, and different bacteria that carry the genes. There is a larger percentage of the total genome associated with antibiotic resistance in gastrointestinal-associated and agricultural metagenomes compared to marine and Antarctic samples. Since antibiotic resistance genes are a natural part of both human-impacted and pristine habitats, presence of these resistance genes in any specific habitat is therefore not sufficient to indicate or determine impact of anthropogenic antibiotic use. We recommend that baseline studies and control samples be taken in order to determine natural background levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria and/or antibiotic resistance genes when investigating the impacts of veterinary use of antibiotics on human health. We raise questions regarding whether the underlying biology of each type of bacteria contributes to the likelihood of transfer via the food chain. C1 [Durso, Lisa M.; Miller, Daniel N.; Wienhold, Brian J.] USDA, ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Durso, LM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. EM Lisa.Durso@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 91 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 2 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e48325 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048325 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 032GO UT WOS:000310702400032 PM 23133629 ER PT J AU Asselbergs, FW Guo, YR van Iperen, EPA Sivapalaratnam, S Tragante, V Lanktree, MB Lange, LA Almoguera, B Appelman, YE Barnard, J Baumert, J Beitelshees, AL Bhangale, TR Chen, YDI Gaunt, TR Gong, Y Hopewell, JC Johnson, T Kleber, ME Langaee, TY Li, MY Li, YR Liu, KA McDonough, CW Meijs, ME Middelberg, RPS Musunuru, K Nelson, CP O'Connell, JR Padmanabhan, S Pankow, JS Pankratz, N Rafelt, S Rajagopalan, R Romaine, SPR Schork, NJ Shaffer, J Shen, HQ Smith, EN Tischfield, SE van der Most, PJ van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, JV Verweij, N Volcik, KA Zhang, L Bailey, KR Bailey, KM Bauer, F Boer, JMA Braund, PS Burt, A Burton, PR Buxbaum, SG Chen, W Cooper-DeHoff, RM Cupples, LA deJong, JS Delles, C Duggan, D Fornage, M Furlong, CE Glazer, N Gums, JG Hastie, C Holmes, MV Illig, T Kirkland, SA Kivimaki, M Klein, R Klein, BE Kooperberg, C Kottke-Marchant, K Kumari, M LaCroix, AZ Mallela, L Murugesan, G Ordovas, J Ouwehand, WH Post, WS Saxena, R Scharnagl, H Schreiner, PJ Shah, T Shields, DC Shimbo, D Srinivasan, SR Stolk, RP Swerdlow, DI Taylor, HA Topo, EJ Toskala, E van Pelt, JL van Setten, J Yusuf, S Whittaker, JC Zwinderman, AH Anand, SS Balmforth, AJ Berenson, GS Bezzina, CR Boehm, BO Boerwinkle, E Casas, JP Caulfield, MJ Clarke, R Connell, JM Cruickshanks, KJ Davidson, KW Day, INM de Bakker, PIW Doevendans, PA Dominiczak, AE Hall, AS Hartman, CA Hengstenberg, C Hillege, HL Hofker, MH Humphries, SE Jarvik, GP Johnson, JA Kaess, BM Kathiresan, S Koenig, W Lawlor, DA Maerz, W Melander, O Mitchell, BD Montgomery, GW Munroe, PB Murray, SS Newhouse, SJ Onland-Moret, NC Poulter, N Psaty, B Redline, S Rich, SS Rotter, JI Schunkert, H Sever, P Shuldiner, AR Silverstein, RL Stanton, A Thorand, B Trip, MD Tsai, MY van der Harst, P van der Schoot, E van der Schouw, YT Verschuren, WMM Watkins, H Wilde, AAM Wolffenbuttel, BHR Whitfield, JB Hovingh, GK Ballantyne, CM Wijmenga, C Reilly, MP Martin, NG Wilson, JG Rader, DJ Samani, NJ Reiner, AP Hegele, RA Kastelein, JJP Hingorani, AD Talmud, PJ Hakonarson, H Elbers, CC Keating, BJ Drenos, F AF Asselbergs, Folkert W. Guo, Yiran van Iperen, Erik P. A. Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh Tragante, Vinicius Lanktree, Matthew B. Lange, Leslie A. Almoguera, Berta Appelman, Yolande E. Barnard, John Baumert, Jens Beitelshees, Amber L. Bhangale, Tushar R. Chen, Yii-Der Ida Gaunt, Tom R. Gong, Yan Hopewell, Jemma C. Johnson, Toby Kleber, Marcus E. Langaee, Taimour Y. Li, Mingyao Li, Yun R. Liu, Kiang McDonough, Caitrin W. Meijs, Matthijs El. Middelberg, Rita P. S. Musunuru, Kiran Nelson, Christopher P. O'Connell, Jeffery R. Padmanabhan, Sandosh Pankow, James S. Pankratz, Nathan Rafelt, Suzanne Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan Romaine, Simon P. R. Schork, Nicholas J. Shaffer, Jonathan Shen, Haiqing Smith, Erin N. Tischfield, Sam E. van der Most, Peter J. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V. Verweij, Niek Volcik, Kelly A. Zhang, Li Bailey, Kent R. Bailey, Kristian M. Bauer, Florianne Boer, Jolanda M. A. Braund, Peter S. Burt, Amber Burton, Paul R. Buxbaum, Sarah G. Chen, Wei Cooper-DeHoff, Rhonda M. Cupples, L. Adrienne deJong, Jonas S. Delles, Christian Duggan, David Fornage, Myriam Furlong, Clement E. Glazer, Nicole Gums, John G. Hastie, Claire Holmes, Michael V. Illig, Thomas Kirkland, Susan A. Kivimaki, Mika Klein, Ronald Klein, Barbara E. Kooperberg, Charles Kottke-Marchant, Kandice Kumari, Meena LaCroix, Andrea Z. Mallela, Laya Murugesan, Gurunathan Ordovas, Jose Ouwehand, Willem H. Post, Wendy S. Saxena, Richa Scharnagl, Hubert Schreiner, Pamela J. Shah, Tina Shields, Denis C. Shimbo, Daichi Srinivasan, Sathanur R. Stolk, Ronald P. Swerdlow, Daniel I. Taylor, Herman A., Jr. Topo, Eric J. Toskala, Elina van Pelt, Joost L. van Setten, Jessica Yusuf, Salim Whittaker, John C. Zwinderman, A. H. Anand, Sonia S. Balmforth, Anthony J. Berenson, Gerald S. Bezzina, Connie R. Boehm, Bernhard O. Boerwinkle, Eric Casas, Juan P. Caulfield, Mark J. Clarke, Robert Connell, John M. Cruickshanks, Karen J. Davidson, Karina W. Day, Ian N. M. de Bakker, Paul I. W. Doevendans, Pieter A. Dominiczak, Anna E. Hall, Alistair S. Hartman, Catharina A. Hengstenberg, Christian Hillege, Hans L. Hofker, Marten H. Humphries, Steve E. Jarvik, Gail P. Johnson, Julie A. Kaess, Bernhard M. Kathiresan, Sekar Koenig, Wolfgang Lawlor, Debbie A. Maerz, Winfried Melander, Olle Mitchell, Braxton D. Montgomery, Grant W. Munroe, Patricia B. Murray, Sarah S. Newhouse, Stephen J. Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte Poulter, Neil Psaty, Bruce Redline, Susan Rich, Stephen S. Rotter, Jerome I. Schunkert, Heribert Sever, Peter Shuldiner, Alan R. Silverstein, Roy L. Stanton, Alice Thorand, Barbara Trip, Mieke D. Tsai, Michael Y. van der Harst, Pim van der Schoot, Ellen van der Schouw, Yvonne T. Verschuren, W. M. Monique Watkins, Hugh Wilde, Arthur A. M. Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R. Whitfield, John B. Hovingh, G. Kees Ballantyne, Christie M. Wijmenga, Cisca Reilly, Muredach P. Martin, Nicholas G. Wilson, James G. Rader, Daniel J. Samani, Nilesh J. Reiner, Alex P. Hegele, Robert A. Kastelein, John J. P. Hingorani, Aroon D. Talmud, Philippa J. Hakonarson, Hakon Elbers, Clara C. Keating, Brendan J. Drenos, Fotios CA LifeLines Cohort Study TI Large-Scale Gene-Centric Meta-analysis across 32 Studies Identifies Multiple Lipid Loci SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100; MISSING HERITABILITY; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; COMPLEX TRAITS AB Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many SNPs underlying variations in plasma-lipid levels. We explore whether additional loci associated with plasma-lipid phenotypes, such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TGs), can be identified by a dense gene-centric approach. Our meta-analysis of 32 studies in 66,240 individuals of European ancestry was based on the custom similar to 50,000 SNP genotyping array (the ITMAT-Broad-CARe array) covering similar to 2,000 candidate genes. SNP-lipid associations were replicated either in a cohort comprising an additional 24,736 samples or within the Global Lipid Genetic Consortium. We identified four, six, ten, and four unreported SNPs in established lipid genes for HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, and TGs, respectively. We also identified several lipid-related SNPs in previously unreported genes: DGAT2, HCAR2, GPIHBP1, PPARG, and FTO for HDL-C; SOCS3, APOH, SPTY2D1, BRCA2, and VLDLR for LDL-C; SOCS3, UGT1A1, BRCA2, UBE3B, FCGR2A, CHUK, and INSIG2 for TC; and SERPINF2, C4B, GCK, GATA4, INSR, and LPAL2 for TGs. The proportion of explained phenotypic variance in the subset of studies providing individual-level data was 9.9% for HDL-C, 9.5% for LDL-C, 10.3% for TC, and 8.0% for TGs. This large meta-analysis of lipid phenotypes with the use of a dense gene-centric approach identified multiple SNPs not previously described in established lipid genes and several previously unknown loci. The explained phenotypic variance from this approach was comparable to that from a meta-analysis of GWAS data, suggesting that a focused genotyping approach can further increase the understanding of heritability of plasma lipids. C1 [Guo, Yiran; Almoguera, Berta; Li, Yun R.; Mallela, Laya; Toskala, Elina; Hakonarson, Hakon; Keating, Brendan J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Abramson Res Ctr, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Asselbergs, Folkert W.; Tragante, Vinicius; Meijs, Matthijs El.; Doevendans, Pieter A.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Cardiol, Div Heart & Lungs, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Asselbergs, Folkert W.; Bauer, Florianne; de Bakker, Paul I. W.; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Elbers, Clara C.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Asselbergs, Folkert W.; Tragante, Vinicius; van Setten, Jessica] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Genet, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. [Guo, Yiran] BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China. [van Iperen, Erik P. A.] Durrer Ctr Cardiogenet Res, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van Iperen, Erik P. A.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Clin Epidemiol Biostat & Bioinformat, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh; Hovingh, G. Kees] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Vasc Med, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lanktree, Matthew B.] Univ Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, London, ON N6A 3K6, Canada. [Lanktree, Matthew B.] Univ Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biochem, London, ON N6A 3K6, Canada. [Lange, Leslie A.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Appelman, Yolande E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Barnard, John; Zhang, Li] Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Quantitat Hlth Sci, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Baumert, Jens; Thorand, Barbara] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 2, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Beitelshees, Amber L.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Bhangale, Tushar R.] Genentech Inc, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Chen, Yii-Der Ida; Rotter, Jerome I.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Inst Med Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Gaunt, Tom R.; Day, Ian N. M.; Lawlor, Debbie A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Ctr Causal Anal Translat Epidemiol, MRC, Bristol BS8 2BN, Avon, England. [Gong, Yan; Langaee, Taimour Y.; McDonough, Caitrin W.; Cooper-DeHoff, Rhonda M.; Johnson, Julie A.] Univ Florida, Dept Pharmacotherapy & Translat Res, Gainesville, FL 32603 USA. [Gong, Yan; Langaee, Taimour Y.; McDonough, Caitrin W.; Cooper-DeHoff, Rhonda M.; Johnson, Julie A.] Univ Florida, Ctr Pharmacogen, Gainesville, FL 32603 USA. [Hopewell, Jemma C.; Clarke, Robert] Univ Oxford, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. [Johnson, Toby; Caulfield, Mark J.; Munroe, Patricia B.; Newhouse, Stephen J.] Queen Mary Univ London, Barts & London Sch Med, William Harvey Res Inst, Barts & London Genome Ctr, London EC1M 6BQ, England. [Kleber, Marcus E.] LURIC Study, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany. [Kleber, Marcus E.; Maerz, Winfried] Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Mannheim Inst Publ Hlth Social & Prevent Med, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany. [Li, Mingyao; Reilly, Muredach P.; Rader, Daniel J.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Cardiovasc Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Liu, Kiang] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Middelberg, Rita P. S.; Montgomery, Grant W.; Whitfield, John B.; Martin, Nicholas G.] Royal Brisbane Hosp, Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia. [Middelberg, Rita P. S.] Prince Charles Hosp, Dept Med, Chermside, Qld 4032, Australia. [Musunuru, Kiran; de Bakker, Paul I. W.; Kathiresan, Sekar] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Musunuru, Kiran; Kathiresan, Sekar] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Musunuru, Kiran; de Bakker, Paul I. W.; Kathiresan, Sekar] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nelson, Christopher P.; Rafelt, Suzanne; Braund, Peter S.; Samani, Nilesh J.] Univ Leicester, Glenfield Hosp, Dept Cardiovasc Sci, Leicester LE3 9QP, Leics, England. [O'Connell, Jeffery R.; Shen, Haiqing; Mitchell, Braxton D.; Shuldiner, Alan R.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Padmanabhan, Sandosh; Delles, Christian; Hastie, Claire; Dominiczak, Anna E.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Cardiovasc & Med Sci, BHF Glasgow Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Glasgow G12 8TA, Lanark, Scotland. [Pankow, James S.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Pankratz, Nathan; Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan; Burt, Amber; Furlong, Clement E.; Jarvik, Gail P.] Univ Washington, Div Med Genet, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan; Furlong, Clement E.; Jarvik, Gail P.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Romaine, Simon P. R.; Bailey, Kristian M.; Balmforth, Anthony J.; Hall, Alistair S.] Univ Leeds, Leeds Inst Genet Hlth & Therapeut, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Schork, Nicholas J.; Topo, Eric J.; Murray, Sarah S.] Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Schork, Nicholas J.; Topo, Eric J.; Murray, Sarah S.] Scripps Translat Sci Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Shaffer, Jonathan; Shimbo, Daichi] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, Ctr Behav Cardiovasc Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Smith, Erin N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, La Jolla, CA USA. [Smith, Erin N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Radys Childrens Hosp, La Jolla, CA USA. [Tischfield, Sam E.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Triinst Training Program Computat Biol & Med, New York, NY 10065 USA. [van der Most, Peter J.; Stolk, Ronald P.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Epidemiol, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. [van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Pathol & Med Biol, Med Biol Div,Mol Genet Lab, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. [van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V.; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Endocrinol, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. 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[Buxbaum, Sarah G.] Jackson State Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Chen, Wei; Berenson, Gerald S.] Tulane Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne; Glazer, Nicole] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. [deJong, Jonas S.; Bezzina, Connie R.; Wilde, Arthur A. M.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Clin & Expt Cardiol, Heart Failure Res Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Duggan, David] Translat Genom Res Inst, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. [Fornage, Myriam; Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gums, John G.] Univ Florida, Dept Pharmacotherapy & Translat Res, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. [Gums, John G.] Univ Florida, Dept Community Hlth & Family Med, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. [Holmes, Michael V.; Kivimaki, Mika; Kumari, Meena; Shah, Tina; Casas, Juan P.; Hingorani, Aroon D.] UCL, Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Care, Res Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Illig, Thomas] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Res Unit Mol Epidemiol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Illig, Thomas] Hannover Med Sch, Hannover Unified Biobank, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. [Kirkland, Susan A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Med, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada. [Kirkland, Susan A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada. [Klein, Ronald; Klein, Barbara E.; Cruickshanks, Karen J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kooperberg, Charles; LaCroix, Andrea Z.; Reiner, Alex P.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Kottke-Marchant, Kandice; Murugesan, Gurunathan] Cleveland Clin, Pathol & Lab Med Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Ordovas, Jose] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ouwehand, Willem H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Haematol, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. [Ouwehand, Willem H.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. [Post, Wendy S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Saxena, Richa] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Saxena, Richa] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Scharnagl, Hubert] Med Univ Graz, Clin Inst Med & Chem Lab Diagnost, A-8036 Graz, Austria. [Schreiner, Pamela J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Shields, Denis C.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Conway Inst Biomol & Biomed Res, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Srinivasan, Sathanur R.] Tulane Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Swerdlow, Daniel I.] UCL, Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Care, Res Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Genet Epidemiol Grp, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Taylor, Herman A., Jr.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [van Pelt, Joost L.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Lab Ctr, NL-9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands. [Yusuf, Salim; Anand, Sonia S.] McMaster Univ, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada. [Whittaker, John C.] GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Herts, England. [Whittaker, John C.] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Zwinderman, A. H.] Acad Med Ctr, Department Clin Epidemiol Biostat & Bioinformat, NL-1100 DE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [LifeLines Cohort Study] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, LifeLines Cohort Study, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. [Bezzina, Connie R.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Mol & Expt Cardiol Grp, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Boehm, Bernhard O.] Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Dept Internal Med, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Casas, Juan P.] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Connell, John M.] Univ Dundee, Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland. [Davidson, Karina W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Davidson, Karina W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10027 USA. [de Bakker, Paul I. W.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Genet, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Hartman, Catharina A.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Psychiat, NL-9700 AR Groningen, Netherlands. [Hengstenberg, Christian; Kaess, Bernhard M.] Univ Regensburg, Klin & Poliklin Innere Med 2, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany. [Hofker, Marten H.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Pathol & Med Biol, Med Biol Sect, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. [Humphries, Steve E.; Talmud, Philippa J.; Drenos, Fotios] UCL, Fac Populat Hlth Sci, Inst Cardiovasc Sci, Ctr Cardiovasc Genet, London WC1E 6JF, England. [Koenig, Wolfgang] Univ Ulm, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. [Maerz, Winfried] Synlab Acad, D-68165 Mannheim, Germany. [Melander, Olle] Malmo Univ Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, SE-20502 Malmo, Sweden. [Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Genet, Complex Genet Sect, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Poulter, Neil; Sever, Peter] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Int Ctr Circulatory Hlth, London W2 1PG, England. [Psaty, Bruce] Univ Washington, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Psaty, Bruce] Univ Washington, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Psaty, Bruce] Univ Washington, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Psaty, Bruce] Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Grp Hlth Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Redline, Susan] Univ Hosp Cleveland, Case Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Redline, Susan] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Rich, Stephen S.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Publ Hlth Genom, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Schunkert, Heribert] Med Univ Lubeck, Med Klin 2, D-23562 Lubeck, Germany. [Shuldiner, Alan R.] Vet Adm Med Ctr, Geriatr Res & Educ Clin Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Silverstein, Roy L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Silverstein, Roy L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Mol Med, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Stanton, Alice] Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Trip, Mieke D.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van der Schoot, Ellen] Sanquin, Dept Expt Immunol, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Watkins, Hugh] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. [Ballantyne, Christie M.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wilson, James G.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Samani, Nilesh J.] Glenfield Gen Hosp, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Leicester Cardiovasc Biomed Res Unit, Leicester LE3 9QP, Leics, England. [Hegele, Robert A.] Univ Western Ontario, Robarts Res Inst, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada. [Kastelein, John J. P.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Vasc Med, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Keating, BJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Abramson Res Ctr, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM bkeating@mail.med.upenn.edu; f.drenos@ucl.ac.uk RI Montgomery, Grant/B-7148-2008; Hegele, Robert/G-3301-2011; Buxbaum, Sarah/E-1970-2013; Newhouse, Stephen/C-9330-2011; Padmanabhan, Sandosh/S-3963-2016; Verweij, Niek/A-4499-2017; Guo, Yiran/H-4120-2011; Stolk, Ronald/B-2341-2013; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce/A-8419-2011; Stanton, Alice/F-4697-2012; Wijmenga, Cisca/D-2173-2009; van der Schouw, Yvonne/F-8327-2014; Thorand, Barbara/B-5349-2014; Jarvik, Gail/N-6476-2014; Gaunt, Tom/O-3918-2014; Boehm, Bernhard/F-8750-2015; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte/G-9185-2011; de Bakker, Paul/B-8730-2009; OI Montgomery, Grant/0000-0002-4140-8139; Buxbaum, Sarah/0000-0002-4886-3564; Newhouse, Stephen/0000-0002-1843-9842; Shah, Tina/0000-0001-7724-7210; Franke, Lude/0000-0002-5159-8802; Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Lanktree, Matthew/0000-0002-5750-6286; Stanton, Alice/0000-0002-4961-165X; van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana/0000-0002-7943-3153; Guo, Yiran/0000-0002-6549-8589; Stolk, Ronald/0000-0002-0518-1205; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce/0000-0001-9262-6921; van der Schouw, Yvonne/0000-0002-4605-435X; Thorand, Barbara/0000-0002-8416-6440; Jarvik, Gail/0000-0002-6710-8708; Gaunt, Tom/0000-0003-0924-3247; de Bakker, Paul/0000-0001-7735-7858; Klein, Ronald/0000-0002-4428-6237; Watkins, Hugh/0000-0002-5287-9016; Lawlor, Debbie A/0000-0002-6793-2262; van Iperen, Erik/0000-0001-7107-3168; Topol, Eric/0000-0002-1478-4729; Martin, Nicholas/0000-0003-4069-8020; Mitchell, Braxton/0000-0003-4920-4744; Ouwehand, Willem/0000-0002-7744-1790; Pankow, James/0000-0001-7076-483X; Kivimaki, Mika/0000-0002-4699-5627; Talmud, Philippa/0000-0002-5560-1933; Johnson, Toby/0000-0002-5998-3270; Swerdlow, Daniel/0000-0002-7946-3459; Padmanabhan, Sandosh/0000-0003-3869-5808; Humphries, Stephen E/0000-0002-8221-6547; Wijmenga, Cisca/0000-0002-5635-1614; Kleber, Marcus/0000-0003-0663-7275; Kumari, Meena/0000-0001-9716-1035; Verweij, Niek/0000-0002-4303-7685 FU AHRQ HHS [HS06516]; British Heart Foundation [CH/03/001, CH/98001, PG/02/128, PG/07/131/24254, PG/07/132/24256, PG/07/133/24260, RG/07/005/23633, RG/08/008, RG/08/008/25291, RG/10/12/28456, RG/2001004, SP/07/007/23671, SP/08/005/25115]; Department of Health; Intramural NIH HHS; Medical Research Council [G0802432, G9521010, G9521010D, MC_U137686857]; NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000064, UL1 TR000124, UL1 TR000135, UL1 TR000454]; NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA015704]; NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR025774, UL1RR025005]; NEI NIH HHS [U10EY06594]; NHGRI NIH HHS [U01HG004402]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL67406, HL36310, K24 HL084034, N01-HC-05187, N01-HC-15103, N01-HC-25195, N01-HC-35129, N01-HC-45134, N01-HC-45204, N01-HC-45205, N01-HC-48047, N01-HC-48048, N01-HC-48049, N01-HC-48050, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022, N01-HC-55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-85079, N01-HC-85080, N01-HC-85081, N01-HC-85082, N01-HC-85083, N01-HC-85084, N01-HC-85085, N01-HC-85086, N01-HC-95095, N01-HC-95100, N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, N01-HC-95161, N01-HC-95162, N01-HC-95163, N01-HC-95164, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, N01-HC-95169, P01 HL088117, P50HL81011, R01 HL088119, R01 HL091099, R01 HL105756, R01-HL-071205, R01-HL-076784, R01-HL-092577, R01HL086694, R01HL087641, R01HL59367, U01 HL72515, U01-HL-080295]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-16592, AG13196, R01 AG011099, R01 AG016592, R01 AG021917, R01 AG18728, R01-AG-028321, R01AG021917, R37 AG011099, R37AG11099]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-061437, HD-062783]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK063491, P30 DK072488]; NIGMS NIH HHS [U01 GM074492, U01-GM074492]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P20 MD006899]; Wellcome Trust [, 090532] NR 76 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 41 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV 2 PY 2012 VL 91 IS 5 BP 823 EP 838 DI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.08.032 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 036FI UT WOS:000311011400005 PM 23063622 ER PT J AU Tsuruda, JM Harris, JW Bourgeois, L Danka, RG Hunt, GJ AF Tsuruda, Jennifer M. Harris, Jeffrey W. Bourgeois, Lanie Danka, Robert G. Hunt, Greg J. TI High-Resolution Linkage Analyses to Identify Genes That Influence Varroa Sensitive Hygiene Behavior in Honey Bees SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA L.; DESTRUCTOR MESOSTIGMATA VARROIDAE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; DEFORMED WING VIRUS; JACOBSONI OUD; COLONY LOSSES; ECTOPARASITIC MITE; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; UNITED-STATES; FLUVALINATE RESISTANCE AB Varroa mites (V. destructor) are a major threat to honey bees (Apis melilfera) and beekeeping worldwide and likely lead to colony decline if colonies are not treated. Most treatments involve chemical control of the mites; however, Varroa has evolved resistance to many of these miticides, leaving beekeepers with a limited number of alternatives. A non-chemical control method is highly desirable for numerous reasons including lack of chemical residues and decreased likelihood of resistance. Varroa sensitive hygiene behavior is one of two behaviors identified that are most important for controlling the growth of Varroa populations in bee hives. To identify genes influencing this trait, a study was conducted to map quantitative trait loci (QTL). Individual workers of a backcross family were observed and evaluated for their VSH behavior in a mite-infested observation hive. Bees that uncapped or removed pupae were identified. The genotypes for 1,340 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to construct a high-resolution genetic map and interval mapping was used to analyze the association of the genotypes with the performance of Varroa sensitive hygiene. We identified one major QTL on chromosome 9 (LOD score = 3.21) and a suggestive QTL on chromosome 1 (LOD = 1.95). The QTL confidence interval on chromosome 9 contains the gene 'no receptor potential A' and a dopamine receptor. 'No receptor potential A' is involved in vision and olfaction in Drosophila, and dopamine signaling has been previously shown to be required for aversive olfactory learning in honey bees, which is probably necessary for identifying mites within brood cells. Further studies on these candidate genes may allow for breeding bees with this trait using marker-assisted selection. C1 [Tsuruda, Jennifer M.; Hunt, Greg J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Harris, Jeffrey W.; Bourgeois, Lanie; Danka, Robert G.] USDA, ARS, Dept Agr, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Tsuruda, JM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jmtsuruda@gmail.com FU USDA-NRI [2008-35302-18803]; Managed Pollinator Coordinated Agricultural Project [USDA-NIFA 2009-8511805718] FX This research was funded by a USDA-NRI award (2008-35302-18803) and the Managed Pollinator Coordinated Agricultural Project (USDA-NIFA 2009-8511805718) to GJH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 107 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 73 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 2 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e48276 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048276 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 032GO UT WOS:000310702400030 PM 23133626 ER PT J AU Yilmaz, MT Crow, WT Anderson, MC Hain, C AF Yilmaz, M. T. Crow, W. T. Anderson, M. C. Hain, C. TI An objective methodology for merging satellite- and model-based soil moisture products SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ERROR CHARACTERIZATION; TRIPLE COLLOCATION; NEAR-SURFACE; VALIDATION; ASSIMILATION; RETRIEVAL; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION; ENSEMBLE; NETWORK AB An objective methodology that does not require any user-defined parameter assumptions is introduced to obtain an improved soil moisture product along with associated uncertainty estimates. This new product is obtained by merging model-, thermal infrared remote sensing-, and microwave remote sensing-based soil moisture estimates in a least squares framework where uncertainty estimates for each product are obtained using triple collocation. The merged anomaly product is validated against in situ based soil moisture data and shows higher correlations with observations than individual input products; however, it is not superior to a naively merged product acquired by averaging the products using equal weighting. The resulting combined soil moisture estimate is an improvement over currently available soil moisture products due to its reduced uncertainty and can be used as a standalone soil moisture product with available uncertainty estimates. C1 [Yilmaz, M. T.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hain, C.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yilmaz, MT (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tugrul.yilmaz@ars.usda.gov RI Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU NASA [NNX06AG07G] FX We thank Jeffrey Basara of University of OK and Micheal Cosh of U.S. Department of Agriculture for the MESO-NET and SCAN soil moisture data sets. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which led numerous clarifications in the final version of the manuscript. Research was partially supported by NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program grant NNX06AG07G entitled "Monitoring of Root-Zone Soil Moisture Using Multi-Frequency Observations of Surface Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration." U.S. Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 2 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W11502 DI 10.1029/2011WR011682 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 032EA UT WOS:000310694200002 ER PT J AU Into, F Schuenzel, E Barr, N Park, SY Ruiz-Arce, R AF Into, F. Schuenzel, E. Barr, N. Park, S. Y. Ruiz-Arce, R. TI Molecular analysis of the West Indian fruit fly Anastrepha obliqua collected in Jamaica using mitochondrial markers SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Caribbean-Division CY APR 16-18, 2012 CL South Padre Island, TX SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Caribbean Div C1 [Park, S. Y.] Penn State, University Pk, PA USA. [Into, F.; Schuenzel, E.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Barr, N.; Ruiz-Arce, R.] USDA APHIS, Mission, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 102 IS 11 SU 6 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196TA UT WOS:000322798200012 ER PT J AU Islam, M Glynn, J Lin, H AF Islam, M. Glynn, J. Lin, H. TI Microsatellite based genetic diversity and structure of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' associated with citrus Huanglongbing worldwide SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Caribbean-Division CY APR 16-18, 2012 CL South Padre Island, TX SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Caribbean Div C1 [Islam, M.; Glynn, J.; Lin, H.] USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 102 IS 11 SU 6 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196TA UT WOS:000322798200013 ER PT J AU Latoni-Brailowsky, EI Serrato-Diaz, LM Rivera-Vargas, LI Goenaga, R French-Monar, RD AF Latoni-Brailowsky, E. I. Serrato-Diaz, L. M. Rivera-Vargas, L. I. Goenaga, R. French-Monar, R. D. TI Use of scanning electron microscopy in the speciation of Gliocephalotrichum spp. in rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Caribbean-Division CY APR 16-18, 2012 CL South Padre Island, TX SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Caribbean Div C1 [Latoni-Brailowsky, E. I.; Rivera-Vargas, L. I.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crops & Agroenvironm Sci, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Serrato-Diaz, L. M.; French-Monar, R. D.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Extens Service, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Amarillo, TX USA. [Goenaga, R.] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 102 IS 11 SU 6 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196TA UT WOS:000322798200014 ER PT J AU Serrato-Diaz, LM Latoni-Brailowsky, EI Rivera-Vargas, LI Goenaga, R French-Monar, RD AF Serrato-Diaz, L. M. Latoni-Brailowsky, E. I. Rivera-Vargas, L. I. Goenaga, R. French-Monar, R. D. TI The persistence of Gliocephalotrichum bulbilium and G. simplex causing fruit rot of rambutan in Puerto Rico SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Caribbean-Division CY APR 16-18, 2012 CL South Padre Island, TX SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Caribbean Div C1 [Latoni-Brailowsky, E. I.; Rivera-Vargas, L. I.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crops & Agroenvironm Sci, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Serrato-Diaz, L. M.; French-Monar, R. D.] Texas A&M Syst, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Texas AgriLife Extens Serv, Amarillo, TX USA. [Goenaga, R.] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 102 IS 11 SU 6 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196TA UT WOS:000322798200028 ER PT J AU Choudhury, RA McRoberts, N Mahaffee, WF Gubler, WD AF Choudhury, R. A. McRoberts, N. Mahaffee, W. F. Gubler, W. D. TI Modeling uncertainty in grapevine powdery mildew SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Pacific-Division CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Pacific Div C1 [Mahaffee, W. F.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. [Choudhury, R. A.; McRoberts, N.; Gubler, W. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. RI McRoberts, Neil/E-7778-2012 OI McRoberts, Neil/0000-0001-6346-9461 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 102 IS 11 SU 6 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196TA UT WOS:000322798200036 ER PT J AU Maketon, C Okubara, PA AF Maketon, C. Okubara, P. A. TI Wheat root defense gene induction by biocontrol Pseudomonas fluorescens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Pacific-Division CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Pacific Div C1 [Maketon, C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Okubara, P. A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 102 IS 11 SU 6 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196TA UT WOS:000322798200048 ER PT J AU Weiland, J AF Weiland, J. TI Verticillium dahliae in production fields of the ornamental nursery industry SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Pacific-Division CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Pacific Div C1 [Weiland, J.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 102 IS 11 SU 6 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196TA UT WOS:000322798200063 ER PT J AU McManamay, RA Orth, DJ Dolloff, CA Frimpong, EA AF McManamay, R. A. Orth, D. J. Dolloff, C. A. Frimpong, E. A. TI REGIONAL FRAMEWORKS APPLIED TO HYDROLOGY: CAN LANDSCAPE-BASED FRAMEWORKS CAPTURE THE HYDROLOGIC VARIABILITY? SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flow classification; environmental flow standards; hydrologic landscape regions ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NATURAL FLOW REGIME; PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES; LAND-USE; CLASSIFICATION; STREAMFLOW; ECOSYSTEMS; WATERSHEDS; DRAINAGE; MODELS AB Regional frameworks have been used extensively in recent years to aid in broad-scale management. Widely used landscape-based regional frameworks, such as hydrologic landscape regions (HLRs) and physiographic provinces, may provide predictive tools of hydrologic variability. However, hydrologic-based regional frameworks, created using only streamflow data, are also available and have been created at various scales; thus, relating frameworks that share a common purpose can be informative. In addition, identifying how the relative importance of variables change in governing streamflow with respect to scale can also be informative. The purpose of this study was to determine whether landscape-based frameworks could explain variation in streamflow classifications and in the hydrologic variables used in their creation. We also evaluated how climate and watershed-based variables govern the divergence of different flow classifications at two different scales. HLRs and physiographic provinces poorly predicted flow class affiliation within our study and for the entire USA, although physiographic provinces explained more variability. We also found that HLRs explained very little variation in individual hydrologic parameters. Using variables summarized at the watershed scale, we found that climate will play a larger role in influencing hydrology across the entire US, whereas soils may govern variation in hydrology at smaller scales. Our results suggest that predictor variables, developed at the watershed scale, may be the most appropriate at explaining hydrology and that the variables used in creating regional landscape-based frameworks may be more useful than the frameworks themselves. In addition, managers should be careful when using landscape-based regional classifications for stream management because the scale of their construction may be too broad to capture differences in flow variability. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [McManamay, R. A.] Virginia Tech, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dolloff, C. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP McManamay, RA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 113 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rmcmanam@vt.edu OI Orth, Donald/0000-0002-9236-0147 FU Cheoah Fund Board; Alcoa Power; USDA Forest Service; US Fish and Wildlife Service; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; NC Division of Water Resources-DENR FX This work was funded by the Cheoah Fund Board, a multi-agency collaboration between Alcoa Power, USDA Forest Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and the NC Division of Water Resources-DENR and other grants provided by the USDA Forest Service. We are thankful for the useful comments from one anonymous reviewer. We would also like to sincerely thank LeRoy Poff for allowing the US classification dataset to be publicly available. We also thank Jim Henriksen for the advice and helpful comments. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1325 EP 1339 DI 10.1002/rra.1535 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 025CO UT WOS:000310162200001 ER PT J AU Vernier, S Chiu, A Schober, J Weber, T Nguyen, P Luer, M McPherson, T Wanda, PE Marshall, CA Rohatgi, N McDaniel, ML Greenberg, AS Kwon, G AF Vernier, Stephanie Chiu, Angela Schober, Joseph Weber, Theresa Phuong Nguyen Luer, Mark McPherson, Timothy Wanda, Paul E. Marshall, Connie A. Rohatgi, Nidhi McDaniel, Michael L. Greenberg, Andrew S. Kwon, Guim TI beta-cell metabolic alterations under chronic nutrient overload in rat and human islets SO ISLETS LA English DT Article DE lipid droplets; mTORC1; ADRP; rapamycin; nutrient overload; human islets; time lapse studies; insulin ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; CYCLE PROGRESSION; MAMMALIAN TARGET; FATTY-ACIDS; TRIGLYCERIDE ACCUMULATION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; PANCREATIC-ISLETS; LIPID-METABOLISM; DNA-SYNTHESIS AB The aim of this study was to assess multifactorial beta-cell responses to metabolic perturbations in primary rat and human islets. Treatment of dispersed rat islet cells with elevated glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs, oleate: palmitate = 1:1 v/v) resulted in increases in the size and the number of lipid droplets in beta-cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. Glucose and FFAs synergistically stimulated the nutrient sensor mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A potent mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin (25 nM), significantly reduced triglyceride accumulation in rat islets. Importantly, lipid droplets accumulated only in beta-cells but not in alpha-cells in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Nutrient activation of mTORC1 upregulated the expression of adipose differentiation related protein (ADRP), known to stabilize lipid droplets. Rat islet size and new DNA synthesis also increased under nutrient overload. Insulin secretion into the culture medium increased steadily over a 4-d period without any significant difference between glucose (10 mM) alone and the combination of glucose (10 mM) and FFAs (240 mu M). Insulin content and insulin biosynthesis, however, were significantly reduced under the combination of nutrients compared with glucose alone. Elevated nutrients also stimulated lipid droplet formation in human islets in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Unlike rat islets, however, human islets did not increase in size under nutrient overload despite a normal response to nutrients in releasing insulin. The different responses of islet cell growth under nutrient overload appear to impact insulin biosynthesis and storage differently in rat and human islets. C1 [Vernier, Stephanie; Wanda, Paul E.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Chiu, Angela; Schober, Joseph; Weber, Theresa; Phuong Nguyen; Luer, Mark; McPherson, Timothy; Kwon, Guim] So Illinois Univ, Sch Pharm, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Marshall, Connie A.; Rohatgi, Nidhi; McDaniel, Michael L.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO USA. [Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kwon, G (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Sch Pharm, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. EM gkwon@siue.edu FU NIH [1R15DK094142, DK06181, DK00618146S1, RO1-DK0822574, 1RC2ES018781]; SIUE Internal Grants; American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy; Washington University Diabetes Research and Training Center Morphology and BioImaging Core [DK20579, ADA 7-08-RA-57]; USDA; Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by NIH Grant 1R15DK094142 (G.K.), SIUE Internal Grants (G.K.), American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (G.K.), NIH Grant DK06181 (M.L.M.), DK00618146S1 (M.L.M.), Washington University Diabetes Research and Training Center Morphology and BioImaging Core DK20579 (M.L.M.), ADA 7-08-RA-57 (A.S.G.), USDA, Agricultural Research Service 58-1950-7-707 (A.S.G.), NIH RO1-DK0822574 (A.S.G.) and 1RC2ES018781 (A.S.G.). All procedures performed on animals were approved by the SIUE Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1938-2014 J9 ISLETS JI Islets PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 6 BP 379 EP 392 DI 10.4161/isl.22720 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 104BV UT WOS:000315965200003 PM 23247575 ER PT J AU Yu, JJ AF Yu, Jiujiang TI Current Understanding on Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Future Perspective in Reducing Aflatoxin Contamination SO TOXINS LA English DT Review DE aflatoxins; mycotoxins; Aspergillus flavus; gene cluster; gene regulation; biocontrol; food contaminants ID VERSICONAL HEMIACETAL ACETATE; CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM; VERSICOLORIN B SYNTHASE; REGULATORY PROTEIN AFLR; FATTY-ACID SYNTHASES; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; GENE-CLUSTER; NORSOLORINIC ACID; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE AB Traditional molecular techniques have been used in research in discovering the genes and enzymes that are involved in aflatoxin formation and genetic regulation. We cloned most, if not all, of the aflatoxin pathway genes. A consensus gene cluster for aflatoxin biosynthesis was discovered in 2005. The factors that affect aflatoxin formation have been studied. In this report, the author summarized the current status of research progress and future possibilities that may be used for solving aflatoxin contamination. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Yu, JJ (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM Jiujiang.yu@ars.usda.gov NR 259 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 73 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD NOV PY 2012 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1024 EP 1057 DI 10.3390/toxins4111024 PG 34 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 096LV UT WOS:000315406500005 PM 23202305 ER PT J AU Kong, Q Zhai, CP Guan, B Li, CJ Shan, SH Yu, JJ AF Kong, Qing Zhai, Cuiping Guan, Bin Li, Chunjuan Shan, Shihua Yu, Jiujiang TI Mathematic Modeling for Optimum Conditions on Aflatoxin B-1 Degradation by the Aerobic Bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE Rhodococcus erythropolis; degradation efficiency; optimization; Plackett-Burman design; central composite design; response surface methodology; aflatoxins ID RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION; OPTIMIZATION; GROWTH; ACCUMULATION; PARASITICUS; INHIBITION; BIOCONTROL; CULTURE AB Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the degradation conditions of AFB(1) by Rhodococcus erythropolis in liquid culture. The most important factors that influence the degradation, as identified by a two-level Plackett-Burman design with six variables, were temperature, pH, liquid volume, inoculum size, agitation speed and incubation time. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface analysis were used to further investigate the interactions between these variables and to optimize the degradation efficiency of R. erythropolis based on a second-order model. The results demonstrated that the optimal parameters were: temperature, 23.2 degrees C; pH, 7.17; liquid volume, 24.6 mL in 100-mL flask; inoculum size, 10%; agitation speed, 180 rpm; and incubation time, 81.9 h. Under these conditions, the degradation efficiency of R. erythropolis could reach 95.8% in liquid culture, which was increased by about three times as compared to non-optimized conditions. The result by mathematic modeling has great potential for aflatoxin removal in industrial fermentation such as in food processing and ethanol production. C1 [Kong, Qing; Zhai, Cuiping; Guan, Bin] Ocean Univ China, Sch Food Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Li, Chunjuan; Shan, Shihua] Shandong Peanut Res Inst, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Yu, Jiujiang] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Kong, Q (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Sch Food Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, Peoples R China. EM kongqing@ouc.edu.cn; tomato-yy@163.com; guanbin@ouc.edu.cn; peanutlab@163.com; shhshan@sina.com; Jiujiang.yu@ars.usda.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31000823]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT); Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China [08-1-3-24-jch] FX This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000823), Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT) and a research grant from Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology Commission (08-1-3-24-jch), Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD NOV PY 2012 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1181 EP 1195 DI 10.3390/toxins4111181 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 096LV UT WOS:000315406500011 PM 23202311 ER PT J AU Kebede, H Abbas, HK Fisher, DK Bellaloui, N AF Kebede, Hirut Abbas, Hamed K. Fisher, Daniel K. Bellaloui, Nacer TI Relationship between Aflatoxin Contamination and Physiological Responses of Corn Plants under Drought and Heat Stress SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin contamination; Aspergillus flavus; cell membrane thermostability; drought stress; heat stress; oxidative stress; photosynthetic pigments; Photosystem II ID STAY-GREEN TRAIT; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MAIZE; RESISTANCE; BIOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; PEANUTS; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIOXIDANTS AB Increased aflatoxin contamination in corn by the fungus Aspergillus flavus is associated with frequent periods of drought and heat stress during the reproductive stages of the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between aflatoxin contamination and physiological responses of corn plants under drought and heat stress. The study was conducted in Stoneville, MS, USA under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Five commercial hybrids, P31G70, P33F87, P32B34, P31B13 and DKC63-42 and two inbred germplasm lines, PI 639055 and PI 489361, were evaluated. The plants were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus (K-54) at mid-silk stage, and aflatoxin contamination was determined on the kernels at harvest. Several physiological measurements which are indicators of stress response were determined. The results suggested that PI 639055, PI 489361 and hybrid DKC63-42 were more sensitive to drought and high temperature stress in the non-irrigated plots and P31G70 was the most tolerant among all the genotypes. Aflatoxin contamination was the highest in DKC63-42 and PI 489361 but significantly lower in P31G70. However, PI 639055, which is an aflatoxin resistant germplasm, had the lowest aflatoxin contamination, even though it was one of the most stressed genotypes. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. These results suggested that the physiological responses were associated with the level of aflatoxin contamination in all the genotypes, except PI 639055. These and other physiological responses related to stress may help examine differences among corn genotypes in aflatoxin contamination. C1 [Kebede, Hirut; Bellaloui, Nacer] ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Abbas, Hamed K.] ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Fisher, Daniel K.] ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Kebede, H (reprint author), ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM hirut.kebede@ars.usda.gov; hamed.abbas@ars.usda.gov; daniel.fisher@ars.usda.gov; nacer.bellaloui@ars.usda.gov FU [6402-42000-003-00D] FX The authors wish to thank Roderick Patterson, Agricultural Science Research Technician, for his expertise and assistance in field operations during this study and Kevin Colvin, Electronics Technician, for his assistance in field instrumentation. We also wish to thank Bobbie Johnson, Nicholas Phillips and Jamie Hardin for their help in aflatoxin determination and Sandra Mosley for analyzing seed composition. The study was executed with support from the research project 6402-42000-003-00D. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 31 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD NOV PY 2012 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1385 EP 1403 DI 10.3390/toxins4111385 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 096LV UT WOS:000315406500022 PM 23202322 ER PT J AU St John, FJ Preston, JF Pozharski, E AF St John, Franz J. Preston, James F. Pozharski, Edwin TI Novel structural features of xylanase A1 from Paenibacillus sp JDR-2 SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paenibacillus; Modular xylanase; GH10; Glycosyl hydrolase family 10; GH10 structure ID STREPTOMYCES-OLIVACEOVIRIDIS E-86; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SUBSTRATE-BINDING CLEFT; HYDROLASE FAMILY 10; SP STRAIN JDR-2; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ALDOURONATE UTILIZATION; CRYPTOCOCCUS-ALBIDUS; GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES; CELLULOSA XYLANASE AB The Gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus sp. JDR-2 (PbJDR2) has been shown to have novel properties in the utilization of the abundant but chemically complex hemicellulosic sugar glucuronoxylan. Xylanase A1 of PbJDR2 (PbXynA1) has been implicated in an efficient process in which extracellular depolymerization of this polysaccharide is coupled to assimilation and intracellular metabolism. PbXynA1 is a 154 kDa cell wall anchored multimodular glycosyl hydrolase family 10 (GH10) xylanase. In this work, the 38 kDa catalytic module of PbXynA1 has been structurally characterized revealing several new features not previously observed in structures of GH10 xylanases. These features are thought to facilitate hydrolysis of highly substituted, chemically complex xylans that may be the form found in close proximity to the cell wall of PbJDR2, an organism shown to have a preference for growth on polymeric glucuronoxylan. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [St John, Franz J.; Pozharski, Edwin] Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Preston, James F.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP St John, FJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM fjstjohn@gmail.com; jpreston@ufl.edu; epozhars@rx.umaryland.edu RI St John, Franz/J-8970-2016; OI St John, Franz/0000-0003-3458-5628; Pozharski, Edwin/0000-0001-7012-5376 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-10006-30358]; Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program; National Institute of General Medical Sciences FX We would like to thank the University of Maryland X-ray Crystallography Shared Service for crystallographic resources. This project was supported in part by Biomass Research & Development Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2011-10006-30358 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Professional support for this work was provided by Diane Dietrich at the Forest Products Laboratory and John D. Rice at the University of Florida, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science. Portions of this research were carried out at the SSRL, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 180 IS 2 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2012.09.007 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 095AR UT WOS:000315307400005 PM 23000703 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Bonnart, R Krueger, R Lee, R AF Volk, Gayle M. Bonnart, Remi Krueger, Robert Lee, Richard TI CRYOPRESERVATION OF CITRUS SHOOT TIPS USING MICROGRAFTING FOR RECOVERY SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE citrus; cryopreservation; micrografting; shoot tip ID PONCIRUS-TRIFOLIATA L.; ENCAPSULATION-DEHYDRATION TECHNIQUE; EMBRYONIC AXES; VITRIFICATION; PLANTS; ASIATICUS; PATHOGEN; SURVIVAL; INVITRO; OSBECK. AB The USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) and the University of California Citrus Variety Collection maintain more than 888 unique accessions representing 132 taxa of Citrus, Fortunella, and citrus wild species within field, screenhouse, and greenhouse collections. We have identified a cryopreservation method by which Citrus genetic resources that are not maintained in vitro can be successfully conserved. Shoot tips were excised from actively growing vegetative flushes of protected trees. Surface-disinfected shoot tips were precultured overnight in 0.3 M sucrose, loaded with a loading solution for 20 mm and treated with PVS2 for 30 or 60 mm at 0 degrees C, prior to direct immersion in liquid nitrogen. Rewarmed shoot tips post-cultured overnight on survival medium were then micrografted on 'Carrizo' seedling rootstocks to produce whole plants. Micrografted shoot tips recovered quickly and rooted plants could be transferred to the greenhouse within months. Regrowth of whole plants after micrografting averaged 53% for cryopreserved shoot tips of cultivars representing eight Citrus and Fortunella species. This method has several advantages: it uses screenhouse or greenhouse plants as source materials, it is not dependent upon cultivar-specific recovery media, and it avoids seedling juvenility. C1 [Volk, Gayle M.; Bonnart, Remi] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Krueger, Robert; Lee, Richard] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 33 IS 6 BP 418 EP 426 PG 9 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 069AM UT WOS:000313407300002 PM 23250401 ER PT J AU Bux, H Rasheed, A Mangrio, SM Abro, SA Shah, SJA Ashraf, M Chen, XM AF Bux, Hadi Rasheed, Awais Mangrio, Sher Muhammad Abro, Saeed Aichtar Shah, Syed Jawad Ahmed Ashraf, Muhammad Chen, Xianming TI Comparative Virulence and Molecular Diversity of Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici) Collections from Pakistan and United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Comparative virulence; Molecular diversity; Stripe rust; Pakistan; United States ID 12 MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ENRICHMENT PROTOCOL; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; NORTH-AMERICA; F.SP TRITICI; WHEAT; FUNGUS; RACES; EPIDEMICS AB Information on virulence and molecular diversity of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a pre-requisite for mitigating the substantial yield losses caused by the stripe rust pathogen in Pakistan, the United States and other countries of the world. This study was undertaken to analyze both virulence and molecular diversity of 46 Pst isolates from Pakistan, in comparison with 9 US isolates. Avirulence to stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr15 and YrSP was common among all tested isolates. Isolates from Pakistan had low virulence frequency for differentials carrying Yr2, (Yr10, YrMor) and (Yr2, Yr4a, YrYam). Clustering based on virulence data grouped contemporary isolates together and revealed high genetic diversity among pathotypes of both countries. Molecular analysis using sequence tagged site (STS) and microsatellites markers revealed high diversity based on polymorphic information contents (PIC)and marker index (MI) which was higher for SSRs (0.78 & 39.51, respectively) than STS markers(0.04 & 0.29, respectively). Dendrogram based on molecular marker data grouped together contemporary patbotypes indicating genetic similarity. Pathotypes belonging to both countries clustered together indicating common ancestry. Furthermore, very low correlation (r=0.08) was observed between virulence and molecular diversity showing independence in both trends of diversity. The depicted virulence pattern of Pst isolates will guide in devising cultivar improvement efforts for stripe rust resistance. (C) 2012 Friends Science Publishers C1 [Bux, Hadi; Mangrio, Sher Muhammad; Abro, Saeed Aichtar] Univ Sindh, Inst Plant Sci, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. [Rasheed, Awais] Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. [Shah, Syed Jawad Ahmed] Nucl Inst Food & Agr, Peshawar, Pakistan. [Ashraf, Muhammad] Natl Univ Sci & Technol, NUST Ctr Virol & Immunol, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bux, H (reprint author), Univ Sindh, Inst Plant Sci, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. EM hadiqau@gmail.com NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU FRIENDS SCIENCE PUBL PI FAISALABAD PA 399-B, PEOPLES COLONY NO 1, FAISALABAD, 38090, PAKISTAN SN 1560-8530 J9 INT J AGRIC BIOL JI Int. J. Agric. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 14 IS 6 BP 851 EP 860 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biology SC Agriculture; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 069WG UT WOS:000313467200001 ER PT J AU de Wit, PJGM van der Burgt, A Okmen, B Stergiopoulos, I Abd-Elsalam, KA Aerts, AL Bahkali, AH Beenen, HG Chettri, P Cox, MP Datema, E de Vries, RP Dhillon, B Ganley, AR Griffiths, SA Guo, YA Hamelin, RC Henrissat, B Kabir, MS Jashni, MK Kema, G Klaubauf, S Lapidus, A Levasseur, A Lindquist, E Mehrabi, R Ohm, RA Owen, TJ Salamov, A Schwelm, A Schijlen, E Sun, H van den Burg, HA van Ham, RCHJ Zhang, SG Goodwin, SB Grigoriev, IV Collemare, J Bradshaw, RE AF de Wit, Pierre J. G. M. van der Burgt, Ate Okmen, Bilal Stergiopoulos, Ioannis Abd-Elsalam, Kamel A. Aerts, Andrea L. Bahkali, Ali H. Beenen, Henriek G. Chettri, Pranav Cox, Murray P. Datema, Erwin de Vries, Ronald P. Dhillon, Braham Ganley, Austen R. Griffiths, Scott A. Guo, Yanan Hamelin, Richard C. Henrissat, Bernard Kabir, M. Shahjahan Jashni, Mansoor Karimi Kema, Gert Klaubauf, Sylvia Lapidus, Alla Levasseur, Anthony Lindquist, Erika Mehrabi, Rahim Ohm, Robin A. Owen, Timothy J. Salamov, Asaf Schwelm, Arne Schijlen, Elio Sun, Hui van den Burg, Harrold A. van Ham, Roeland C. H. J. Zhang, Shuguang Goodwin, Stephen B. Grigoriev, Igor V. Collemare, Jerome Bradshaw, Rosie E. TI The Genomes of the Fungal Plant Pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum Reveal Adaptation to Different Hosts and Lifestyles But Also Signatures of Common Ancestry SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED POINT MUTATION; FUSIFORM RUST DISEASE; AVIRULENCE GENE AVR9; MATING-TYPE GENES; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; NEEDLE BLIGHT; LEPTOSPHAERIA-MACULANS; FOREST PATHOGEN; LEAF MOLD; CELL-WALL AB We sequenced and compared the genomes of the Dothideomycete fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum (Cfu) (syn. Passalora fulva) and Dothistroma septosporum (Dse) that are closely related phylogenetically, but have different lifestyles and hosts. Although both fungi grow extracellularly in close contact with host mesophyll cells, Cfu is a biotroph infecting tomato, while Dse is a hemibiotroph infecting pine. The genomes of these fungi have a similar set of genes (70% of gene content in both genomes are homologs), but differ significantly in size (Cfu >61.1-Mb; Dse 31.2-Mb), which is mainly due to the difference in repeat content (47.2% in Cfu versus 3.2% in Dse). Recent adaptation to different lifestyles and hosts is suggested by diverged sets of genes. Cfu contains an alpha-tomatinase gene that we predict might be required for detoxification of tomatine, while this gene is absent in Dse. Many genes encoding secreted proteins are unique to each species and the repeat-rich areas in Cfu are enriched for these species-specific genes. In contrast, conserved genes suggest common host ancestry. Homologs of Cfu effector genes, including Ecp2 and Avr4, are present in Dse and induce a Cf-Ecp2- and Cf-4-mediated hypersensitive response, respectively. Strikingly, genes involved in production of the toxin dothistromin, a likely virulence factor for Dse, are conserved in Cfu, but their expression differs markedly with essentially no expression by Cfu in planta. Likewise, Cfu has a carbohydrate-degrading enzyme catalog that is more similar to that of necrotrophs or hemibiotrophs and a larger pectinolytic gene arsenal than Dse, but many of these genes are not expressed in planta or are pseudogenized. Overall, comparison of their genomes suggests that these closely related plant pathogens had a common ancestral host but since adapted to different hosts and lifestyles by a combination of differentiated gene content, pseudogenization, and gene regulation. C1 [de Wit, Pierre J. G. M.; van der Burgt, Ate; Okmen, Bilal; Stergiopoulos, Ioannis; Beenen, Henriek G.; Griffiths, Scott A.; Jashni, Mansoor Karimi; Mehrabi, Rahim; van den Burg, Harrold A.; Collemare, Jerome] Wageningen Univ, Phytopathol Lab, Wageningen, Netherlands. [de Wit, Pierre J. G. M.; Stergiopoulos, Ioannis; van den Burg, Harrold A.; Collemare, Jerome] Ctr Biosyst Genom, Wageningen, Netherlands. [van der Burgt, Ate] Wageningen Univ, Lab Bioinformat, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Stergiopoulos, Ioannis] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Abd-Elsalam, Kamel A.] Plant Pathol Res Inst, Agr Res Ctr, Giza, Egypt. [Aerts, Andrea L.; Lapidus, Alla; Lindquist, Erika; Ohm, Robin A.; Salamov, Asaf; Sun, Hui; Grigoriev, Igor V.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Bahkali, Ali H.] King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Chettri, Pranav; Cox, Murray P.; Guo, Yanan; Kabir, M. Shahjahan; Owen, Timothy J.; Schwelm, Arne; Zhang, Shuguang; Bradshaw, Rosie E.] Massey Univ, Inst Mol BioSci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Datema, Erwin; van Ham, Roeland C. H. J.] Keygene NV, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Datema, Erwin; van Ham, Roeland C. H. J.] Plant Res Int, Appl Bioinformat, Wageningen, Netherlands. [de Vries, Ronald P.; Klaubauf, Sylvia] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Dhillon, Braham; Hamelin, Richard C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. [Ganley, Austen R.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Albany, New Zealand. [Henrissat, Bernard] CNRS, Marseille, France. [Levasseur, Anthony] Aix Marseille Univ, INRA, Marseille, France. [Jashni, Mansoor Karimi] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tehran, Iran. [Kema, Gert] Plant Res Int, Dept Biointeract, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Lapidus, Alla] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Canc Genome Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. [Mehrabi, Rahim] Seed & Plant Improvement Inst, Dept Wheat Breeding, Karaj, Iran. [Owen, Timothy J.] Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada. [Schwelm, Arne] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Forest Genet, Uppsala, Sweden. [Schijlen, Elio] Plant Res Int, Dept Biosci, Wageningen, Netherlands. [van den Burg, Harrold A.] Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Zhang, Shuguang] Ind Res Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Goodwin, Stephen B.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP de Wit, PJGM (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Phytopathol Lab, Wageningen, Netherlands. EM Pierre.deWit@wur.nl; R.E.Bradshaw@massey.ac.nz RI de Wit, Pierre/A-1998-2013; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; Ganley, Austen/L-8120-2013; de Vries, Ronald/F-8125-2011; Bahkali, Ali/E-3720-2014; Stergiopoulos, Ioannis/N-5430-2014; chettri, pranav/E-4292-2015; Cox, Murray/A-1459-2012; Bradshaw, Rosie/C-7846-2011; Ohm, Robin/I-6689-2016; Mehrabi, Rahim/S-1800-2016; OI de Wit, Pierre/0000-0002-4208-288X; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; Ganley, Austen/0000-0002-1917-7522; de Vries, Ronald/0000-0002-4363-1123; Bahkali, Ali/0000-0003-3936-0436; Cox, Murray/0000-0003-1936-0236; Bradshaw, Rosie/0000-0001-5228-2685; Mehrabi, Rahim/0000-0002-5098-9123; Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729; Abd-Elsalam, Kamel/0000-0002-4042-4022; Klaubauf, Sylvia/0000-0002-1573-4723; Schwelm, Arne/0000-0001-7164-5365 FU Wageningen University; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; Centre for Biosystems Genomics; European Research Area-Plant Genomics; Willie Commelin Scholten Foundation; Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences; Massey University; New Zealand Bio-Protection Research Centre; Royal Society of New Zealand; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported by Wageningen University, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Centre for Biosystems Genomics, European Research Area-Plant Genomics, Willie Commelin Scholten Foundation, Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences, Massey University, the New Zealand Bio-Protection Research Centre, and Royal Society of New Zealand. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 144 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 7 U2 84 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7404 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 8 IS 11 AR e1003088 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003088 PG 22 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 048DY UT WOS:000311891600067 PM 23209441 ER PT J AU Walter, WD Fischer, JW Humphrey, JS Daughtery, TS Milleson, MP Tillman, EA Avery, ML AF Walter, W. David Fischer, Justin W. Humphrey, John S. Daughtery, Trey S. Milleson, Michael P. Tillman, Eric A. Avery, Michael L. TI Using three-dimensional flight patterns at airfields to identify hotspots for avian-aircraft collisions SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Aviation hazard; Birdstrike; Black vulture; Cathartes aura; Coragyps atratus; Flight behavior; Satellite telemetry; Turkey vulture ID TURKEY VULTURES; HOME RANGES; BLACK; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; FLORIDA; ROOSTS AB In the United States, black vulture (Coragyps atratus) and turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) pose significant birdstrike risks to aircraft. Understanding flight behaviors of vultures in and around military and civilian airfields is necessary to alleviate these risks. Using satellite telemetry data collected from 11 black vultures and 7 turkey vultures equipped with Global Positioning System backpack harness technology, we collected data on location and altitude near the Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) in Beaufort, South Carolina from September 2006 to September 2008. We used military aircraft flight landing patterns to visualize a new concept, a flight altitude cone of depression (FACOD), which models a three-dimensional flight pattern over the airfield. We then identified areas in and around MCAS where vulture flight paths penetrated the FACOD and locations of vultures were proximate to flight approach routes that posed potential risk to aircraft for a birdstrike. Combining altitude of in-flight locations of vultures or other species with three-dimensional flight patterns of aircraft provides a novel method for managers of military and domestic airfields to assess birdstrike risk and to focus corrective actions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Walter, W. David; Fischer, Justin W.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Humphrey, John S.; Milleson, Michael P.; Tillman, Eric A.; Avery, Michael L.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Daughtery, Trey S.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Marine Corps Air Stn, Beaufort, SC 29904 USA. RP Walter, WD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 403 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM wdwalter@psu.edu; Justin.W.Fischer@aphis.usda.gov; John.S.Humphrey@aphis.usda.gov; Rudolph.Daughtely@usmc.mil; Michael.P.Milleson@aphis.usda.gov; Eric.A.Tillman@aphis.usda.gov; Michael.L.Avery@aphis.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.05.002 PG 7 WC Geography SC Geography GA 068QB UT WOS:000313380200006 ER PT J AU King, JY Brandt, LA Adair, EC AF King, Jennifer Y. Brandt, Leslie A. Adair, E. Carol TI Shedding light on plant litter decomposition: advances, implications and new directions in understanding the role of photodegradation SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE UV-B; Solar radiation; Arid ecosystems; Grasslands; Carbon; Nitrogen; Lignin ID UV-B-RADIATION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-MONOXIDE PHOTOPRODUCTION; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; LONG-TERM DECOMPOSITION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; LEAF-LITTER; SOLAR-RADIATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MACROPHYTE LITTER AB Litter decomposition contributes to one of the largest fluxes of carbon (C) in the terrestrial biosphere and is a primary control on nutrient cycling. The inability of models using climate and litter chemistry to predict decomposition in dry environments has stimulated investigation of non-traditional drivers of decomposition, including photodegradation, the abiotic decomposition of organic matter via exposure to solar radiation. Recent work in this developing field shows that photodegradation may substantially influence terrestrial C fluxes, including abiotic production of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Research has also produced contradictory results regarding controls on photodegradation. Here we summarize the state of knowledge about the role of photodegradation in litter decomposition and C cycling and investigate drivers of photodegradation across experiments using a meta-analysis. Overall, increasing litter exposure to solar radiation increased mass loss by 23% with large variation in photodegradation rates among and within ecosystems. This variation was tied to both litter and environmental characteristics. Photodegradation increased with litter C to nitrogen (N) ratio, but not with lignin content, suggesting that we do not yet fully understand the underlying mechanisms. Photodegradation also increased with factors that increased solar radiation exposure (latitude and litter area to mass ratio) and decreased with mean annual precipitation. The impact of photodegradation on C (and potentially N) cycling fundamentally reshapes our thinking of decomposition as a solely biological process and requires that we define the mechanisms driving photodegradation before we can accurately represent photodegradation in global C and N models. C1 [King, Jennifer Y.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brandt, Leslie A.] US Forest Serv, No Inst Appl Climate Sci, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Adair, E. Carol] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, NCEAS, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. RP King, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM jyking@geog.ucsb.edu; lbrandt@fs.fed.us; Carol.Adair@uvm.edu RI King, Jennifer Y./I-5986-2015 OI King, Jennifer Y./0000-0003-3433-5952 FU National Science Foundation [NSF DEB 0542935, 0935984] FX Thanks to R. Sinsabaugh, S. Hobbie, D. Milchunas, and Y. Lin for their helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We appreciate the thorough and thoughtful comments provided by three anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF DEB 0542935 and 0935984). NR 96 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 124 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10533-012-9737-9 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 077XR UT WOS:000314063200003 ER PT J AU De-Campos, AB Huang, CH Johnston, CT AF De-Campos, Alfredo B. Huang, Chi-hua Johnston, Cliff T. TI Biogeochemistry of terrestrial soils as influenced by short-term flooding SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biogeochemistry; Carbon cycling; Flooding; Redox; Terrestrial soils ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; IRON-OXIDE; SEQUENTIAL REDUCTION; ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS; REDUCING CONDITIONS; FOREST SOILS; PADDY SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; RELEASE; MECHANISMS AB Many terrestrial soils in the US Midwest are temporally flooded during the spring. The effects of short-term flooding on biogeochemical processes that occur in these soils are not fully understood and are the subject of this study. To evaluate these processes we investigated the redox-induced changes in the soil solution for three-cultivated and three-uncultivated/forest soils with different organic matter concentrations. The soils were flooded for 1, 3, 7, and 14-days under anoxic conditions in a biogeochemical reactor. Samples were analyzed for Eh; pH; NO3 (-); NH4 (+); total dissolved Mn and Fe; soluble P; dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC-DIC); and evolved CO2. We found strongly contrasting responses of the terrestrial soils to flooding. Reducing conditions were established quickly in the uncultivated and more slowly in the cultivated soils. Concomitant changes in pH were higher for the uncultivated soils. The uncultivated soils showed a higher increase in the amount of NH4 (+), P, Fe, Mn than the cultivated soils over the 14-day incubation. The total amount of carbon decomposed was much greater for the uncultivated soils with approximately 900 mu g C (CO2 + DOC + DIC) decomposed per gram of soil compared to a total decomposition of 240 mu g C g (soil) (-1) for the cultivated soils indicating differences in the type of carbon decomposed. The rapid onset of reducing conditions for the uncultivated soils is attributed to a reactive carbon component that is either absent or occluded in the cultivated soils. This study demonstrates that the biogeochemically-induced changes in carbon dynamics in terrestrial soils are strongly influenced by short-term flooding and the history of soil management. C1 [De-Campos, Alfredo B.; Johnston, Cliff T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Huang, Chi-hua] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP De-Campos, AB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM alfredo_de_campos@yahoo.com; chihua@purdue.edu; cliffjohnston@purdue.edu RI De-Campos, Alfredo/I-5211-2012 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9639-2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 077XR UT WOS:000314063200015 ER PT J AU Kerr, JG Eimers, MC Creed, IF Adams, MB Beall, F Burns, D Campbell, JL Christopher, SF Clair, TA Courchesne, F Duchesne, L Fernandez, I Houle, D Jeffries, DS Likens, GE Mitchell, MJ Shanley, J Yao, H AF Kerr, J. G. Eimers, M. C. Creed, I. F. Adams, M. B. Beall, F. Burns, D. Campbell, J. L. Christopher, S. F. Clair, T. A. Courchesne, F. Duchesne, L. Fernandez, I. Houle, D. Jeffries, D. S. Likens, G. E. Mitchell, M. J. Shanley, J. Yao, H. TI The effect of seasonal drying on sulphate dynamics in streams across southeastern Canada and the northeastern USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sulphate; Drought; Wetlands; Seasonal drying; Forested streams ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NEW-YORK; FORESTED LANDSCAPES; ISOTOPIC APPROACH; SULFUR DYNAMICS; WATER AB Within the southeast Canada and northeast USA region, a peak in sulphate (SO4 (2-)) concentration has been reported for some streams following periods of substantial catchment drying during the summer months (ON, Canada; VT, NH and NY, USA). However, it is currently unclear if a SO4 (2-) response to seasonal drying is widespread across the broader region, or to what extent the level of response varies among catchments. In our study, SO4 (2-) response to seasonal drying was compared in 20 catchments from 11 locations across southeastern Canada (ON, QC and NS) and northeastern USA (NH, NY, VT, WV and ME). Using long-term monitoring data of stream discharge and chemistry, the number of days for each month of the dry season (# d) when discharge (Q) was below a threshold level (25th percentile; Q(25)) was calculated for each catchment to give a measure of 'seasonal dryness' (# d Q < Q(25)). A SO4 (2-) response score (rs) was then calculated for each catchment based on linear regression analysis of # d Q < Q(25) versus either the annual SO4 (2-) concentration, or the residual of annual SO4 (2-) concentration as a function of time (year). The final rs values for each catchment provided an estimate of the proportion of variation in annual SO4 (2-) concentration which could be explained by seasonal drying (possible rs range = 0-1). Of the 20 catchments, 13 exhibited some level of a SO4 (2-) response to seasonal drying (rs = 0.04-0.72) with an additional two catchments exhibiting a SO4 (2-) response for one or more seasons. SO4 (2-) response scores were positively related to percent wetland area (w) (rs = 1.000 - 0.978e(-0.054*) (w) , r (2) = 0.44) and percent saturated area (sat) (rs = 0.481 - 0.488e(-0.101*) (sat), r (2) = 0.54) indicating that wetlands/saturated areas were an important driver of regional variation in the SO4 (2-) response to seasonal drying. Our results suggest that any shift towards drier summers as a result of climate change could impact SO4 (2-) dynamics in a large number of catchments throughout the region. C1 [Kerr, J. G.; Eimers, M. C.] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Creed, I. F.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON, Canada. [Adams, M. B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Parsons, WV USA. [Beall, F.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. [Burns, D.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY USA. [Campbell, J. L.] US Forest Serv, Durham, NH USA. [Christopher, S. F.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Clair, T. A.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Branch, Sackville, NB, Canada. [Courchesne, F.] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Duchesne, L.] Foret Quebec, Minist Ressources Nat, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Fernandez, I.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Houle, D.] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Jeffries, D. S.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Aquat Ecosyst Res Impacts Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Likens, G. E.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Mitchell, M. J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Shanley, J.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. [Yao, H.] Ontario Minist Environm, Dorset, ON, Canada. RP Kerr, JG (reprint author), Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM jasonkerr@trentu.ca RI Creed, Irena/L-8810-2013; OI Creed, Irena/0000-0001-8199-1472; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 NR 78 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 393 EP 409 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9664-1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 077XR UT WOS:000314063200025 ER PT J AU Schramm, EC Nelson, SK Steber, CM AF Schramm, Elizabeth C. Nelson, Sven K. Steber, Camille M. TI Wheat ABA-insensitive mutants result in reduced grain dormancy SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Wheat; Abscisic acid; Dormancy; Pre-harvest sprouting ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; ABSCISIC-ACID ABA; SEED DORMANCY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES; BARLEY MUTANT; GERMINATION; ENCODES; EMBRYO; GENE AB This paper describes the isolation of wheat mutants in the hard red spring Scarlet resulting in reduced sensitivity to the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) during seed germination. ABA induces seed dormancy during embryo maturation and inhibits the germination of mature seeds. Wheat sensitivity to ABA gradually decreases with dry after-ripening. Scarlet grain normally fails to germinate when fully dormant, shows ABA sensitive germination when partially after-ripened, and becomes ABA insensitive when after-ripened for 8-12 months. Scarlet ABA-insensitive (ScABI) mutants were isolated based on the ability to germinate on 5 mu M ABA after only 3 weeks of after-ripening, a condition under which Scarlet would fail to germinate. Six independent seed-specific mutants were recovered. ScABI1, ScABI2, ScABI3 and ScABI4 are able to germinate more efficiently than Scarlet at up to 25 mu M ABA. The two strongest ABA insensitive lines, ScABI3 and ScABI4, both proved to be partly dominant suggesting that they result from gain-of-function mutations. The ScABI1, ScABI2, ScABI3, ScABI4, and ScABI5 mutants after-ripen more rapidly than Scarlet. Thus, ABA insensitivity is associated with decreased grain dormancy in Scarlet wheat. This suggests that ABA sensitivity is an important factor controlling grain dormancy in wheat, a trait that impacts seedling emergence and pre-harvest sprouting resistance. C1 [Schramm, Elizabeth C.; Nelson, Sven K.; Steber, Camille M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schramm, Elizabeth C.; Nelson, Sven K.; Steber, Camille M.] Washington State Univ, Mol Plant Sci Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Steber, Camille M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Physiol Biochem & Qual Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Steber, CM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Physiol Biochem & Qual Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM csteber@wsu.edu FU NIH Protein Biotechnology training grant funding; ARCS (Seattle chapter); USDA CSREES [2005-01099] FX The authors would like to thank K. Kidwell for providing seeds of Scarlet wheat, and S. Abrams for providing (+)-ABA. Thanks are due to R. Parveen and A. Burke for expert technical assistance, to K. Garland Campbell for advice and assistance, and to C. Walker for assistance with statistical analysis. This work was supported by NIH Protein Biotechnology training grant funding (ECS), a fellowship from ARCS (Seattle chapter) (ECS), and USDA CSREES grant number 2005-01099 (CMS). NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2012 VL 188 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s10681-012-0669-1 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 080UG UT WOS:000314268500005 PM 25431501 ER PT J AU Nicklas, TA O'Neil, CE Stuff, J Goodell, LS Liu, Y Martin, CK AF Nicklas, Theresa A. O'Neil, Carol E. Stuff, Janice Goodell, Lora Suzanne Liu, Yan Martin, Corby K. TI Validity and Feasibility of a Digital Diet Estimation Method for Use with Preschool Children: A Pilot Study SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE nutrition assessment; child; preschool; eating behavior; Head Start ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; HEAD-START CHILDREN; ENERGY-INTAKE; FOOD-INTAKE; PHOTOGRAPHY; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS; VALIDATION; ACCURACY; OBESITY AB Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the validity and feasibility of a digital diet estimation method for use with preschool children in Head Start. Methods: Preschool children and their caregivers participated in validation (n = 22) and feasibility (n 24) pilot studies. Validity was determined in the metabolic research unit using actual gram weight measurements as the reference method. Feasibility of using the digital diet estimation method was determined in Head Start and in the home by assessing 3 separate lunch and dinner meals. Results: The average correlation between estimated weights and actual weights was 0.96 (P < .001), and the average mean difference was 10.6 g. The digital diet estimates were 5% lower than the actual weights. Conclusions and Implications: The digital diet estimation method may be a valid and feasible method for assessing food intake of preschool children. C1 [Nicklas, Theresa A.; Stuff, Janice; Liu, Yan] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [O'Neil, Carol E.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Goodell, Lora Suzanne] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Martin, Corby K.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Ingest Behav Lab, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Nicklas, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tnicklas@bcm.tmc.edu FU National Cancer Institute [R01 CA102671]; National Institutes of Health [R21 AG032231]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas; USDA/Agricultural Research Service [6250-6-003]; USDA [LAB 93951] FX This research was supported by funds from the National Cancer Institute grant no. R01 CA102671 and National Institutes of Health grant R21 AG032231. This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, and was also funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-6250-6-003. Partial support was received from the USDA Hatch Project LAB 93951. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 EI 1878-2620 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 44 IS 6 BP 618 EP 623 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2011.12.001 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 077UJ UT WOS:000314053500022 PM 22727939 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Juneja, A Hohenschuh, W Williams, JD Murthy, GS AF Kumar, Deepak Juneja, Ankita Hohenschuh, William Williams, John D. Murthy, Ganti S. TI Chemical composition and bioethanol potential of different plant species found in Pacific Northwest conservation buffers SO JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article ID CORN STOVER; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; LAND-USE; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ENERGY-PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; PRETREATMENT; BIOMASS; OPTIMIZATION AB Lands producing mixed lignocellulosic ethanol feedstocks may be able to produce more biomass with fewer resources than conventional monoculture crops, but lignocellulosic ethanol production processes and efficiencies can be highly dependent on feedstock composition. In this study, plants were collected from areas planted to simulate conservation buffers alongside stream channels within three common resource areas the interior Pacific Northwest. Two grasses (tall wheatgrass and alfalfa) and seven forb species (fiddleneck tarweed, dog fennel, kochia, downey brome, tall annual willowherb, prickly lettuce, and tumble mustard) commonly found in these buffers were examined to determine their chemical composition, potential bioethanol yields, and difficulties that may arise if they were to be harvested and processed in a single facility. Potential ethanol yields calculated on the basis of sugar monomer composition in the biomass ranged from 181.5 to 316.5 l/dry ton of biomass. Significant differences were noted in terms of structural sugars (cellulose 19%-33% w/w; hemicellulose 14%-26% w/w), lignin (10%-18% w/w), extractives (20%-40% w/w), and ash content (4.0%-13.8% w/w). These composition variations could vary the processing efficiency in terms of sugar recovery and eventual ethanol production yield. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4766889] C1 [Kumar, Deepak; Juneja, Ankita; Hohenschuh, William; Murthy, Ganti S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Williams, John D.] ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, USDA, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Murthy, GS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM murthy@engr.orst.edu RI Murthy, Ganti /P-5272-2015 FU Western Sun Grant Center; Department of Transportation, Oregon State University; USDA-ARS FX This research was made possible through the cooperation of the following landowners and managers: Cunningham Sheep Farm, Newtson Family Farms, Bracher Family Farms, and Billy Lorenzen in Umatilla County, and the Cook Agronomy Farm-Washington State University and the Palouse Conservation Field Station-U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, in Whitman County. This research was funded by Western Sun Grant Center and Department of Transportation, Oregon State University, and USDA-ARS base funding through national program Agricultural System Competitiveness and Sustainability. We thank Dave Robertson, Daryl Haasch, Seren Waite, and Dave Uberuaga for field data collection and plot management. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Authors would also like to thank Dr. Michael Penner, Food Science and Technology Department, Oregon State University for allowing use of soxhlet apparatus in his lab. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1941-7012 J9 J RENEW SUSTAIN ENER JI J. Renew. Sustain. Energy PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 4 IS 6 AR 063114 DI 10.1063/1.4766889 PG 14 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 079EQ UT WOS:000314153600020 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JJ Nicholson, EM Smith, JD Kunkle, RA Hamir, AN AF Greenlee, Justin J. Nicholson, Eric M. Smith, Jodi D. Kunkle, Robert A. Hamir, Amir N. TI Susceptibility of cattle to the agent of chronic wasting disease from elk after intracranial inoculation SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Cattle; chronic wasting disease; prion; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MULE DEER; INTRACEREBRAL INOCULATION; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; SPECIES BARRIERS; PRION PROTEIN AB Cattle could be exposed to the agent of chronic wasting disease (CWD) through contact with infected farmed or free-ranging cervids or exposure to contaminated premises. The purpose of the current study was to assess the potential for CWD derived from elk to transmit to cattle after intracranial inoculation. Calves (n = 14) were inoculated with brain homogenate derived from elk with CWD to determine the potential for transmission and to define the clinicopathologic features of disease. Cattle were necropsied if clinical signs occurred or at the end of the study (49 months postinoculation; MPI). Clinical signs of poor appetite, weight loss, circling, and bruxism occurred in 2 cattle (14%) at 16 and 17 MPI, respectively. Accumulation of abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) occurred in only the 2 clinically affected cattle and was confined to the central nervous system, with the most prominent immunoreactivity in midbrain, brainstem, and hippocampus with lesser immunoreactivity in the cervical spinal cord. The rate of transmission was lower than in cattle inoculated with CWD derived from mule deer (38%) or white-tailed deer (86%). Additional studies are required to fully assess the potential for cattle to develop CWD through a more natural route of exposure, but a low rate of transmission after intracranial inoculation suggests that risk of transmission through other routes is low. A critical finding is that if CWD did transmit to exposed cattle, currently used diagnostic techniques would detect and differentiate it from other prion diseases in cattle based on absence of spongiform change, distinct pattern of PrPSc deposition, and unique molecular profile. C1 [Greenlee, Justin J.; Nicholson, Eric M.; Smith, Jodi D.; Kunkle, Robert A.; Hamir, Amir N.] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Greenlee, JJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM justin.greenlee@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded in its entirety by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1087 EP 1093 DI 10.1177/1040638712461249 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 082NF UT WOS:000314398000011 PM 22991389 ER PT J AU Lager, KM Ng, TF Bayles, DO Alt, DP Delwart, EL Cheung, AK AF Lager, Kelly M. Ng, Terry F. Bayles, Darrell O. Alt, David P. Delwart, Eric L. Cheung, Andrew K. TI Diversity of viruses detected by deep sequencing in pigs from a common background SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Pig virome; pyrosequencing AB Although advances in nucleic acid sequencing have enabled the discovery of many infectious agents, challenges remain for scientists and veterinary diagnosticians trying to design animal studies with a minimum of variables and to interpret laboratory results. To evaluate pyrosequencing technology as a potential screening method to estimate the virome in pigs, fecal samples were collected from 4 pigs out of a group of 175 that had been raised together since birth. A number of viruses were detected, demonstrating the application of this technology to determine the background "noise" in the pigs. However, pyrosequencing also demonstrated the diversity of viruses within a group of animals and how that can confound experimental design and obscure a definitive diagnosis. C1 [Lager, Kelly M.; Cheung, Andrew K.] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Bayles, Darrell O.; Alt, David P.] ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Ng, Terry F.; Delwart, Eric L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Ng, Terry F.; Delwart, Eric L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM andrew.cheung@ars.usda.gov OI Delwart, Eric/0000-0002-6296-4484; Ng, Terry Fei Fan/0000-0002-4815-8697 NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1177 EP 1179 DI 10.1177/1040638712463212 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 082NF UT WOS:000314398000026 PM 23051826 ER PT J AU Kiefer, LA Shelton, DR Pachepsky, Y Blaustein, R Santin-Duran, M AF Kiefer, L. A. Shelton, D. R. Pachepsky, Y. Blaustein, R. Santin-Duran, M. TI Persistence of Escherichia coli introduced into streambed sediments with goose, deer and bovine animal waste SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine; die-off; Escherichia coli; sediment; survival; wildlife ID WATER-QUALITY; BACTERIAL INDICATORS; FRESH-WATER; LAKE GENEVA; BEACH SAND; SURVIVAL; SWITZERLAND; PATHOGENS; COLIFORMS; SYSTEM AB Aims: The focus of this work was to compare the survival of Escherichia coli introduced into streambed sediments from goose, deer and bovine faeces vs indigenous E. coli. Methods and Results: The survival experiments were conducted in flow-through chambers for 32 days using two sediments (mineral and organic) obtained from a first-order creek in Maryland. Bovine, goose and deer faeces were collected fresh and diluted or enriched so that added E. coli and indigenous populations were equivalent. Escherichia coli and total coliforms were enumerated using the Colilert-18 Quanti-Tray system. Patterns of E. coli survival and inactivation rates were virtually identical for indigenous strains in both mineral and organic sediments. The addition of E. coli strains from bovine, goose or deer faeces had relatively little impact on final E. coli concentrations, with the exception of deer-borne E. coli populations in the organic sediment. Conclusion: These results indicate that indigenous sediment-borne E. coli strains are generally, or more, persistent than those deposited into sediments, including wildlife. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first study on the survival of E. coli originating from wildlife faeces, in sediments, as opposed to bovine faeces or laboratory-cultured strains. As wildlife are likely to be the primary source of E. coli in most non agricultural watersheds, an understanding of the persistence of these strains is important to understanding microbial water quality. C1 [Kiefer, L. A.] BlueWave Microb LLC, Columbia, MD USA. [Shelton, D. R.; Pachepsky, Y.; Blaustein, R.; Santin-Duran, M.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Bldg 173 BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2012.03296.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 080EH UT WOS:000314223500004 PM 22897753 ER PT J AU Gao, F Kustas, WP Anderson, MC AF Gao, Feng Kustas, William P. Anderson, Martha C. TI A Data Mining Approach for Sharpening Thermal Satellite Imagery over Land SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE land surface temperature; image sharpening; thermal remote sensing; data mining; regression tree ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION-INDEX; ENERGY FLUXES; ASTER DATA; SCALES; WATER; AREA; SIMULATION; RESOLUTION; PRODUCTS AB Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery is normally acquired at coarser pixel resolution than that of shortwave sensors on the same satellite platform and often the TIR resolution is not suitable for monitoring crop conditions of individual fields or the impacts of land cover changes that are at significantly finer spatial scales. Consequently, thermal sharpening techniques have been developed to sharpen TIR imagery to shortwave band pixel resolutions, which are often fine enough for field-scale applications. A classic thermal sharpening technique, TsHARP, uses a relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) developed empirically at the TIR pixel resolution and applied at the NDVI pixel resolution. However, recent studies show that unique relationships between temperature and NDVI may only exist for a limited class of landscapes, with mostly green vegetation and homogeneous air and soil conditions. To extend application of thermal sharpening to more complex conditions, a new data mining sharpener (DMS) technique is developed. The DMS approach builds regression trees between TIR band brightness temperatures and shortwave spectral reflectances based on intrinsic sample characteristics. A comparison of sharpening techniques applied over a rainfed agricultural area in central Iowa, an irrigated agricultural region in the Texas High Plains, and a heterogeneous naturally vegetated landscape in Alaska indicates that the DMS outperformed TsHARP in all cases. The artificial box-like patterns in LST generated by the TsHARP approach are greatly reduced using the DMS scheme, especially for areas containing irrigated crops, water bodies, thin clouds or terrain. While the DMS technique can provide fine resolution TIR imagery, there are limits to the sharpening ratios that can be reasonably implemented. Consequently, sharpening techniques cannot replace actual thermal band imagery at fine resolutions or missions that provide high quality thermal band imagery at high temporal and spatial resolution critical for many agricultural, land use and water resource management applications. C1 [Gao, Feng; Kustas, William P.; Anderson, Martha C.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM feng.gao@ars.usda.gov; bill.kustas@ars.usda.gov; martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Kustas, William/C-2063-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) Science Team program; NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) Science Team program and the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) program. Special thanks to Christopher Neale and Nurit Agam for providing airborne thermal imagery used in this study. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 37 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 4 IS 11 BP 3287 EP 3319 DI 10.3390/rs4113287 PG 33 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 075VG UT WOS:000313914500002 ER PT J AU Condon, B Easson, M Yachmenev, V Lambert, A Smith, J AF Condon, Brian Easson, Michael Yachmenev, Val Lambert, Allan Smith, Jade TI Low-Level, Uniform Ultrasound Field Effects on Enzymatic Bioprocessing of Greige Cotton Using Three Fabric Weights SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Biopreparation; Cotton; Enzyme; Pectinase; Ultrasound ID LOW-INTENSITY; INTENSIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS AB Enzymatic bioprocessing of cotton generates significantly less hazardous wastewater effluents than conventional treatments, but also has several critical shortcomings that impede its acceptance by industry-expensive processing costs and slow reaction rates. Introduction of a low energy, uniform ultrasound field into enzyme processing solutions greatly improved enzyme effectiveness, resulting in an increased reaction rate. On a laboratory scale, introduction of ultrasonic energy in the reaction chamber during enzymatic biopreparation of three greige cotton fabric weights resulted in a significant improvement in wettability as measured by AATCC Test Method (TM) 197-2011. Whiteness indexes were also evaluated and the results are reported herein. C1 [Condon, Brian; Easson, Michael; Yachmenev, Val; Lambert, Allan; Smith, Jade] ARS SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Easson, M (reprint author), ARS SRRC, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Michael.Easson@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 075ZK UT WOS:000313926000007 ER PT J AU Komecki, TS Arriaga, FJ Price, AJ Balkcom, KS AF Komecki, T. S. Arriaga, F. J. Price, A. J. Balkcom, K. S. TI EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RESIDUE MANAGEMENT METHODS ON COTTON ESTABLISHMENT AND YIELD IN A NO-TILL SYSTEM SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Conservation agriculture; Cover crops; Roller/crimper; Row cleaners; Subsoiling ID COVER CROPS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOIL AB A field experiment was conducted in 2007, 2008, and 2009 in central Alabama to evaluate the effects of cover crop mechanical termination, strip tillage width, and row cleaners attached either to the tillage implement or planting units, on cotton population and yield. Treatments included roller (present or absent), in-row subsoiler (wide and narrow strips), and row-cleaners attached either to subsoiler, planter, or both. Rye was terminated with glyphosate (both rolled and non-rolled rye) in mid-April, and tillage treatments were applied; cotton was planted three weeks after tillage. In 2007, generally higher cotton stands were associated with rolled rye residue (137,134 plants/ha) vs. non-rolled rye (115,641 plants/ha). On average, significantly higher cotton seed yield was found for rolled rye (4,540 kg/ha compared to non-rolled rye (4,332 kg/ha). Examining specific treatments, the highest cotton seed yield (4,933 kg/ha) was associated with rolled rye under narrow strip tillage with row cleaners attached to both subsoiler and planter The lowest cotton yield (3,913 kg/ha) was associated with non-rolled residue, under narrow strip tillage with row cleaners present on both subsoiler and planter. In 2008, no difference was found in cotton stand for rolled (108,375 plants/ha) and non-rolled rye (107,719 plants/ha). Cotton seed yield was higher in 2008 than in 2007 due to a severe drought in Alabama during 2007. In 2008, slightly higher cotton yield was reported for non-rolled rye (5,658 kg/ha) vs. rolled rye (5,419 kg/ha). The non-rolled rye, narrow strip subsoiling, and row cleaners on subsoiler generated the highest cotton yield (5,812 kg/ha) compared with the lowest (5,171 kg/ha) by rolled rye, narrow strip, and row cleaners on the planter In 2009, cotton stand for rolled rye was higher (115,036 plants/ha) compared to non-rolled rye residue (65,894 plants/ha). In 2009, the cotton yield was substantially reduced by flooding of the experimental area. Because of the excess water; the cotton yield was lower (2,672 kg/ha) compared to 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. Soil strength measurements taken in fall 2009 showed significantly lower cone index values with rolled vs. non-rolled rye from 0 to 15-cm depth, with trends reversed after 20 cm. Cone index values at all depths, however, were below the 2-MPa threshold that indicates restrictive conditions for root growth. In all three growing seasons, the width of the tillage strip and the location of row cleaners (planter/subsoiler) did not affect cotton stand and seed cotton yield C1 [Komecki, T. S.; Arriaga, F. J.; Price, A. J.; Balkcom, K. S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Komecki, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM ted.korneeki@ars.usda.gov FU Alabama Cotton Producers Association [G00002450] FX This project was conducted with financial support from the Alabama Cotton Producers Association: GRANT Number: G00002450, 2007. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 6 BP 787 EP 794 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 073QO UT WOS:000313757800002 ER PT J AU Li, C Thibodeaux, D Knowlton, AR Foulk, J AF Li, C. Thibodeaux, D. Knowlton, A. R. Foulk, J. TI EFFECT OF CLEANING TREATMENT AND COTTON CULTIVAR ON COTTON FIBER AND TEXTILE YARN QUALITY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Microgin; Cleaning; Spinning; Textile; Yarn; Fiber quality; Cotton AB Cotton fiber quality and textile yarn quality can be affected by ginning processes and cotton cultivars. The overall goals of this study were to utilize a microgin to evaluate the effect of seed cotton cleaner and lint cleaner on fiber and yarn quality, and to benchmark FiberMax 1740 and Phyto Gen 370 against Deltapine 555 grown in Georgia. Six cleaning treatments in a microgin were arranged by varying seed cotton cleaners (stick machine, cylinder cleaner; and Trashmaster (R)) and one saw-type lint cleaner Cotton fiber quality and cotton trash content were measured via High Volume Instrument (HVI), Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS), and Shirley trash analyzer Ring yarn quality was measured in terms of spinning efficiency, tensile strength and elongation, hairiness, defects, and waste. Fiber quality measured by HVI showed significant differences between the six cleaning treatments in both trash content and fiber length properties. Specifically, the saw-type lint cleaner was more effective in reducing trash content but was more likely to create short fiber content than the seed cotton cleaner Deltapine 555 demonstrated lower upper half mean length and lower length uniformity than FiberMax 1740. A similar pattern was observed in AFIS data, although cleaning treatments only showed impact on total trash count, visible foreign matter, and neps. The three cotton cultivars exhibited significant differences in cotton length properties. Deltapine 555 had the highest short fiber content (by weight) and lowest length uniformity among the three cultivars. Results from Shirley analyzer revealed that the cleaning treatments without the saw-type lint cleaner had both higher visible and invisible trash content. As for the ring yarn quality, cotton lint with less cleaning processes exhibited lower defects, lower hairiness (irregular CV), but more waste than that with more cleaning processes. Given the waste can be cleaned during the carding process and easily manageable, the less ginning options could be beneficial to spinning process. Among the three cultivars, Phyto Gen 370 generated the highest quality yarn suggesting that Deltapine 555 can be replaced by other cultivars with improved yarn quality. This study sheds light on the effect of cleaning and cotton cultivar on lint fiber quality and the spinning performance of the fiber. The information could be useful to improve the profitability for cotton growers, ginners, and spinners alike. C1 [Li, C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Thibodeaux, D.; Foulk, J.] ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, USDA, Clemson, SC USA. [Knowlton, A. R.] Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Li, C (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cyli@uga.edu FU Georgia Cotton Commission FX Authors of this article would like to thank Mr. Scott Brown and Don Home Farms for providing cotton samples for this study. We also thank the excellent technical support from Tim Rutland and Gary Burnham. This work is funded by the Georgia Cotton Commission. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 6 BP 833 EP 840 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 073QO UT WOS:000313757800007 ER PT J AU Hardin, RG Funk, PA AF Hardin, R. G. Funk, P. A. TI ELECTRICITY USE PATTERNS IN COTTON GINS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Cotton; Efficiency; Electricity; Energy; Ginning AB Energy costs are the second largest source of variable costs for cotton gins, with electricity accounting for 18% of variable costs. Energy use has typically not been a major consideration in gin design and previous studies of energy use have utilized instantaneous readings or aggregated season-long values. In this study, electrical energy use was monitored throughout the entire season for several gins across the cotton belt. Motor loads were recorded for gin stands, fans, cleaning machinery, module feeders, and bale presses. Power consumption and power factor were recorded at motor control center disconnects. The gins monitored in 2010 averaged 35.8 kWh bale(-1), slightly less than the annual average values reported in past surveys. Differences in electricity use between monitored gins were likely due to differences in layout and installed equipment. The primary factor affecting electricity use per bale at a specific gin was the processing rate. For maximum energy efficiency, cotton ginners should operate at full capacity as frequently as possible and avoid idling equipment for periods longer than several minutes. C1 [Hardin, R. G.] ARS, USDA, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Funk, P. A.] ARS, USDA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Hardin, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, 111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bobby.hardin@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 6 BP 841 EP 849 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 073QO UT WOS:000313757800008 ER PT J AU Baker, KD AF Baker, K. D. TI TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR SEED COTTON DRYING SYSTEMS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton gin; Moisture content; Drying; Temperature control AB In order to determine the best recommendations for seed cotton dryer temperature control as part of ASABE standard S530.1, 20 tests were conducted during the ginning seasons of 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010 to measure air temperature variation along various heated air seed cotton drying systems. The cooperating cotton gins were located in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and the San Joaquin Valley, California. Drying systems tested included: standard tower; short tower, hot shelf crossflow, hi-slip, pipe, hot box, fountain, and collider systems. Temperature measurements were taken over a 2-h time period at the mixpoint and every 2 m (6.5 ft) after the mixpoint. Although there was a significant correlation between mixpoint temperature variation and distance of the primary temperature control sensor from the mixpoint, the sensor location recommendations of ASABE standard S530.1, Temperature Sensor Locations for Seed-Cotton Drying Systems, appear to be satisfactory for seed cotton drying systems with well-maintained burners and well-adjusted temperature controls. All systems, except for the hot shelf dryer; had a larger temperature drop in the first 2 m (6.5 ft) after the mixpoint than occurred in the remainder of the drying system. Thus, for all but the hot shelf dryer; locating a temperature control sensor at 2 m or more past the mixpoint would achieve satisfactory temperature control. C1 ARS, USDA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Baker, KD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578,300 E Coll Dr, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM kevibake@nmsu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 6 BP 885 EP 890 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 073QO UT WOS:000313757800012 ER PT J AU Lewis, MA Trabelsi, S AF Lewis, M. A. Trabelsi, S. TI INTEGRATING AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM IN A MICROWAVE MOISTURE METER SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Data acquisition; Dielectric properties; Embedded systems; Microcontroller; Microwave sensing; Moisture content; Voltage level shifter ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; DENSITY; GRAIN AB The conversion of a PC- or laptop-controlled microwave moisture meter to a stand-alone meter hosting its own embedded system is discussed. The moisture meter measures the attenuation and phase shift of low power microwaves traversing the sample, from which the dielectric properties are calculated. The power level of the microwaves is similar to that of Wi-Fi. Therefore, the sample is unharmed and no heating occurs. The dielectric properties are then used for rapid, nondestructive determination of the moisture content in the grain or seed sample. The initial system consisted of the moisture meter, controlled via USB interface by an external laptop or PC. Though effective, the system lacked full portability and was susceptible to computer crashes and interruptions in communication between the meter and laptop. To improve the system, a microcontroller was selected in the design of an embedded system for the moisture meter The microcontroller provides a graphical 144 x 32 pixel LCD and 16-button keypad to facilitate user interaction. The embedded system provides the following functionalities: user interface (input/output), event execution, process control, data acquisition and data storage. Testing showed that the moisture meter with the new embedded system maintained the performance and accuracy observed for the original meter with PC or laptop control. Results are included to show the similarity of measurements taken with the microwave meter (both versions) to measurements taken with a vector network analyzer The integration of the embedded system with the microwave moisture meter provides a cost-effective, portable, and robust solution for microwave moisture sensing. C1 [Lewis, M. A.; Trabelsi, S.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM micah.lewis@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 6 BP 923 EP 931 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 073QO UT WOS:000313757800016 ER PT J AU Schou, WC Forster, WA Mercer, GN Teske, ME Thistle, HW AF Schou, W. C. Forster, W. A. Mercer, G. N. Teske, M. E. Thistle, H. W. TI BUILDING CANOPY RETENTION INTO AGDISP: PRELIMINARY MODELS AND RESULTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE AGDISP; Bounce model; Canopy retention; Shatter model; Spray retention ID SPRAY DRIFT; ADJUVANTS; SURFACTANTS; VALIDATION; SIMULATION; WATER AB AGDISP uses canopy structure and collection efficiency to model canopy interception but assumes droplets that intercept a leaf surface are retained at that point and do not bounce or shatter This behavior is not the case for many plant species, particularly species that are moderately to very difficult to wet, for which canopy deposition would be overestimated with this assumption. This article summarizes the initial implementation of process-based models for spray droplet bounce and shatter within an experimental build of AGDISP in order to predict spray retention within plant canopies. Spray simulations were run for formulations ranging in surface tension, applied to three species (wheat, canola, and capsicum) with different wettabilities and leaf orientations, and using the AGDISP ground model with and without the retention model, to evaluate the impact of the retention model on canopy deposition within AGDISP. The model outputs were also compared to previously determined tracksprayer results. The current AGDISP canopy deposition (interception) model was unable to fully account for differences in retention due to the spray formulation used or species studied Incorporation of the process-driven models for bounce and shatter allowed these differences to be predicted Over the three species and four formulations studied, there was good agreement (Pearson 's correlation coefficient = 0.9308, p = 0.0000, indicating an almost certain correlation) between predicted and experimentally determined retention. Considerable work is still required to make this approach practical. However, this article illustrates that the ability to model retention is important for many crops (and weeds) and that the approach outlined herein is an effective adjunct to the current AGDISP interception model. C1 [Schou, W. C.] Scion, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand. [Forster, W. A.] Plant Protect Chem NZ Ltd, Rotorua, New Zealand. [Mercer, G. N.] Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Teske, M. E.] Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ USA. [Thistle, H. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Schou, WC (reprint author), Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand. EM wayne.schou@scionresearch.com FU New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation (MSI) [LVLX0901, C10X0811] FX This research was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation (MSI; Contract No. LVLX0901: Protecting New Zealand's Environment; the adhere, bounce, and shatter models were developed within Contract No. C10X0811: Undermining Weeds). NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2059 EP 2066 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 076ZW UT WOS:000313998700004 ER PT J AU Thistle, HW Thompson, DG Richardson, B Bird, SL Kees, G Throop, W Gous, S Storwold, D AF Thistle, H. W. Thompson, D. G. Richardson, B. Bird, S. L. Kees, G. Throop, W. Gous, S. Storwold, D. TI DEPOSITION OF AERIALLY RELEASED BT OVER A 2 KM SAMPLING GRID SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE AGDISP; Bacillus thuringiensis; Deposition sampling; Droplet deposition; Long-range drift; Pesticide deposition; Pesticide droplets; Spray drift ID FAR-FIELD; DRIFT; INSECTICIDES; BIOREDUCTION; FORESTS; SPRAYS; ASSAYS AB A data set was collected to determine the downwind distance at which currently used near-field mechanistic pesticide deposition models (as formulated in AGDISP 8.26) should hand off to long-range pesticide drift models. This article presents the collected data as well as some comparison to existing, near-field deposition models. A 2 km x 2 km grid of deposition samplers was deployed in the basin and range country of central Utah. Twenty aerial Bt spraying trials were undertaken. The trials showed very little deposition at 2 km downwind, but measurable material was detected in some of the tests at that distance. Mass balance was attempted but ranged from below 0.1 to over 2 due to high uncertainty in both the method and the collection efficiency of the samplers. Nevertheless, mass balance showed a strong trend with atmospheric stability in these trials, and results indicate that much material lofted out of the sampling domain during trials undertaken in unstable atmospheric conditions. This study confirms the inability of the Lagrangian model as formulated in AGDISP to adequately model fine droplet drift at distances beyond approximately 250 m depending on ambient conditions. A second article will describe the evaluation and configuration of a long-range pesticide drift model interfaced with AGDISP C1 [Thistle, H. W.; Kees, G.; Throop, W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Thompson, D. G.] Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. [Richardson, B.; Gous, S.] Scion, Forest Res, Rotorua, New Zealand. [Bird, S. L.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. [Storwold, D.] US Army Dugway Proving Grounds, Dugway, UT USA. RP Thistle, HW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM hthistle@fs.fed.us RI Richardson, Brian/B-9822-2013 FU USDA-FS-FHP-FHTET; U.S. EPA FX The design and field work of Jim Kautz and Scott Gilmore of the USDA Forest Service, Missoula Technology and Development Center, and Derek Chartrand and Kevin Goode of the Canadian Forest Service was invaluable. The work of Amy Onken (USDA Forest Service) in the field and Dan Harvey (Canadian Forest Service) in data reduction is also acknowledged. We thank Steve Nicholsen of Valent BioSciences for labor and material. The extensive work of Ghislain Rousseau and SOPFIM Quebec in the design and conductance of this program and the work of Peter Amirault, Kevin Dorcas (pilot), and Gerry Cormier on the aviation side was integral to the success of this work, Thanks to Sandra Clark and Denise Binion for help with layout. This work is conducted under funds provided through USDA-FS-FHP-FHTET and the U.S. EPA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2067 EP 2078 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 076ZW UT WOS:000313998700005 ER PT J AU Wagner, KL Redmon, LA Gentry, TJ Harmel, RD AF Wagner, K. L. Redmon, L. A. Gentry, T. J. Harmel, R. D. TI ASSESSMENT OF CATTLE GRAZING EFFECTS ON E. COLI RUNOFF SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Bacteria; Naturalized E. coli; Rotational grazing; Edge-of-field runoff ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER-QUALITY; FECAL-COLIFORM; BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; FILTER STRIPS; BACTERIA; STREAM; SOIL; POLLUTION AB Runoff of Escherichia coli and other fecal indicator bacteria from grazing lands has been identified as a significant source of bacterial contamination. Development of best management practices to address these bacterial issues is critical to the success of watershed restoration efforts where grazing is a substantial contributor In the present study, grazing management was evaluated to assess its effectiveness as a best management practice. Specifically, runoff from rotationally grazed and ungrazed approximately I ha pastures was monitored for more than two years using automated samplers. E. coli levels in runoff were enumerated by membrane filtration using modified membrane-thermotolerant Escherichia coli agar (modified mTEC). The study found that background E. coli concentrations (i.e., those from wildlife and soilborne naturalized strains) were relatively consistent among sites. Median background E. coli concentrations ranged from 3,500 to 5,500 colony forming units per 100 mL, which are not inconsequential levels related to water quality assessment and implementation efforts. Findings also indicated that rotational stocking, if timed appropriately, reduced E. coli concentrations in runoff The impact of grazing timing in relation to runoff events was a more significant factor than stocking rate on the rotationally stocked pastures. When runoff occurred more than two weeks following grazing, E. coli levels were reduced by more than 88% compared to runoff during or soon after grazing. As a result, it is recommended that creek pastures and other hydrologically connected pastures be grazed during periods when runoff is less likely and that upland pastures be grazed during rainy seasons when runoff is more likely to occur C1 [Wagner, K. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Water Resources Inst, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Redmon, L. A.; Gentry, T. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Harmel, R. D.] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX USA. RP Wagner, KL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Water Resources Inst, 1500 Res Pkwy, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM klwagner@ag.tamu.edu FU Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board; USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Funding for this project was provided by the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We recognize the Welder Wildlife Foundation, USDA-ARS Riesel Watersheds, Texas A&M University Soil and Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, and Texas A&M University Beef Cattle Systems Center for all their cooperation and assistance throughout the project. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2111 EP 2122 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 076ZW UT WOS:000313998700009 ER PT J AU Islam, A Ahuja, LR Garcia, LA Ma, L Saseendran, AS AF Islam, A. Ahuja, L. R. Garcia, L. A. Ma, L. Saseendran, A. S. TI MODELING THE EFFECT OF ELEVATED CO2 AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE SEMI-ARID CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Evapotranspiration; Hybrid delta method; Multi-model ensemble scenario; Penman-Monteith equation; Stomatal resistance ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-RESOURCES; CHANGE IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; EPIC MODEL; SENSITIVITY; RESPONSES; TEMPERATURE; PLANT; GRASSLAND AB Changes in evapotranspiration demand due to global warming will have a profound impact on irrigation water demand and agricultural productivity. In this study, the effects of possible future anthropogenic climate change on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) were evaluated using the Penman-Monteith equation. The combined effect of temperature and elevated CO2 concentrations on ETo was the major focus of this study. The ETo under the General Circulation Model (GCM) projected climate change scenarios was estimated for a location in Colorado. Multi-model ensemble climate change scenarios were generated from 112 Bias Corrected and Spatially Disaggregated (BCSD) projections from the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) archive, which cover different levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Results showed a decrease in ETo demand with increases in CO2 levels, which greatly moderated the increase in ETo due to increasing temperature. The effect of increases in CO2 levels up to 450 ppm off set the effect of about 1 degrees C rise in temperature. Simulation results with projected climate change scenarios, without considering the effects of CO2 levels, showed an 8.3%, 14.7% and 21.0% increase in annual ETo during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, when simulation was carried out using an ensemble of the 112 projections. When the effect of elevated CO2 levels was also considered in combination with projected changes in temperature, changes in annual ETo demand varied from -1.5% to 5.5%, -10.4% to 6.7%, and -19.7% to 6.6% during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, depending on the different climate change scenarios considered and the relationship or equation used for estimating the effect of elevated CO2 on stomatal resistance term in the Penman-Monteith equation. C1 [Islam, A.] Bihar Vet Coll, ICAR Res Complex Eastern Reg, Patna, Bihar, India. [Ahuja, L. R.; Ma, L.; Saseendran, A. S.] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Garcia, L. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Laj.Ahuja@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) under the Global Research Alliance; Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellowship Program FX The first author would like to thank the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) for providing the necessary funding under the Global Research Alliance and the Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellowship Program for conducting this research work. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2135 EP 2146 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 076ZW UT WOS:000313998700011 ER PT J AU Fox, GA Marvin, MM Guzman, JA Hoang, CK Malone, RW Kanwar, RS Shipitalo, MJ AF Fox, G. A. Marvin, M. M. Guzman, J. A. Hoang, C. K. Malone, R. W. Kanwar, R. S. Shipitalo, M. J. TI E. COLI TRANSPORT THROUGH SURFACE-CONNECTED BIOPORES IDENTIFIED FROM SMOKE INJECTION TESTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Biopore; E. coli; Fecal bacteria; Macropore flow; Subsurface drainage ID PATHOGEN CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; EARTHWORM BURROWS; POULTRY LITTER; TILE DRAINAGE; SWINE MANURE; SOIL; MACROPORES; OOCYSTS AB Macropores are the primary mechanism by which fecal bacteria from surface-applied manure can be transported into subsurface drains or shallow groundwater bypassing the soil matrix. Limited research has been performed investigating fecal bacteria transport through specific macropores identified in the field. The objective of this research was to better understand how fecal bacteria, using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an indicator organism, are transported through naturally occurring macropores and potential interactions between the macropore and soil matrix domains in the field under controlled experimental conditions. Direct injection/infiltration tests were conducted in two naturally occurring, surface-connected macropores (biopores) that penetrated to the subsurface drain depth, as identified by smoke tests. Data included total drain flow rate (baseflow rate and biopore flow rate), biopore inflow rate, and Rhodamine WT and E. coli concentrations in the drains. Analysis techniques included determining increases in subsurface drain flow rates due to the infiltration tests and percentage of the injected concentration reaching the subsurface drains after dilution with the drain baseflow. In the absence of data for mechanistic models, empirically based rational polynomial models were compared to the more commonly utilized lognormal distribution for modeling the load rate breakthrough curves. Load estimates were derived from integrated forms of these empirical functions, and percent reductions were calculated for Rhodamine WT and E. coli. Peak total drain flow rates increased nearly two-fold due to direct injection into the biopores. Less than 25% of the initial concentrations injected into the biopores reached the drain after dilution with the baseflow in the drain. Lognormal distributions best fit the Rhodamine WT load rate breakthrough curves (R-2 = 0.99 for both biopores) and the E. coli load rate data for one of the biopores (R-2 = 0.98). A rational fractional polynomial model that tailed off more slowly best fit the E. coli load rate data for the other biopore (R-2 = 0.98). Approximately one log reduction was estimated for E. coli loads due to interaction with the soil profile as water flowed through the tortuous path of the biopores; in other words, the soil surrounding the biopore filtered approximately 90% of the E. coli load that entered the biopore compared to approximately 75% for Rhodamine WT Considering that applied animal manure can contain millions of bacteria per mL, high concentrations and loads are still possible in the subsurface drain flow if macropores are present. C1 [Fox, G. A.; Marvin, M. M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Guzman, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. [Hoang, C. K.; Kanwar, R. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Malone, R. W.; Shipitalo, M. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 120 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM garey.fox@okstate.edu OI GUZMAN, Jorge A/0000-0002-7734-5723; Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 FU Oklahoma State University; USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative Grant [2007-35102-18242] FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding support through the 2011-2012 Lew Wentz Undergraduate Research Scholars Program at Oklahoma State University and a 2007-2011 USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative Grant (Award No. 2007-35102-18242). NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2185 EP 2194 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 076ZW UT WOS:000313998700015 ER PT J AU Pradhan, A Shrestha, DS Van Gerpen, J McAloon, A Yee, W Haas, M Duffield, JA AF Pradhan, A. Shrestha, D. S. Van Gerpen, J. McAloon, A. Yee, W. Haas, M. Duffield, J. A. TI REASSESSMENT OF LIFE CYCLE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FOR SOYBEAN BIODIESEL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Biofuel; Greenhouse gas emissions; Land use change; Life cycle analysis; Soybean ID GLYCEROL AB This study updates the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for soybean biodiesel with revised system boundaries and the inclusion of indirect land use change using the most current set of agricultural data. The updated results showed that life cycle GHG emission from biodiesel use was reduced by 81.2% compared to 2005 baseline diesel. When the impacts of lime application and soil N2O emissions were excluded for more direct comparison with prior results published by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the reduction was 85.4%. This is a significant improvement over the 78.5% GHG reduction reported in the NREL study. Agricultural lime accounted for 50.6% of GHG from all agricultural inputs. Soil N2O accounted for 18.0% of total agricultural emissions. The improvement in overall GHG reduction was primarily due to lower agricultural energy usage and improved soybean crushing facilities. This study found that soybean meal and oil price data from the past ten years had a significant positive correlation (R-2 = 0.73); hence, it is argued that soybean meal and oil are both responsible for indirect land use change from increased soybean demand It is concluded that when there is a strong price correlation among co-products, system boundary expansion without a proper co-product allocation for indirect land use change produces erroneous results. When the emissions associated with predicted indirect land use change were allocated and incorporated using U.S. EPA model data, the GHG reduction for biodiesel was 76.4% lower than 2005 baseline diesel. C1 [Pradhan, A.; Shrestha, D. S.; Van Gerpen, J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [McAloon, A.; Yee, W.; Haas, M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Duffield, J. A.] USDA, Off Energy Policy & New Uses, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Shrestha, DS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, POB 442060, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM devs@uidaho.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2257 EP 2264 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 076ZW UT WOS:000313998700022 ER PT J AU Oner, ME Wall, MM AF Oner, M. E. Wall, M. M. TI PROCESSING CONDITIONS FOR PRODUCING FRENCH FRIES FROM PURPLE-FLESHED SWEETPOTATOES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanin; Baking; Blanching; Deep-fat frying; Purple-fleshed; Sweetpotato ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ACID CONTENT; OIL UPTAKE; QUALITY; ANTHOCYANIN; STORAGE; STRIPS; ROOTS; CHIPS AB The effects of processing conditions and cooking methods on the physical quality, anthocyanin content, and sensory attributes of frozen purple-fleshed sweetpotato (PFSP) French fries were investigated. PFSP strips were blanched in boiling water for 0, 5, or 10 min, par-fried at 180 degrees C for 0 or I min, and stored at -20 degrees C +/-2 degrees C. Frozen PFSP strips were then oven-baked at 180 degrees C for 8 min or deep-fat fried at 180 degrees C for 3 min. The lowest peak force values were determined in fries after 10 min blanching. However, the combination of par-frying and deep-fat frying significantly increased peak force in 10 min blanched PFSP fries. A deep purple color developed in fries treated with a combination of 5 or 10 min blanching, 1 min par-frying, and oven baking. A decrease in total monomeric anthocyanin content (14.51 +/-0.45 mg per 100 g dry weight) and a corresponding increase in polymeric color (34.23%) were measured in oven-baked fries with no blanching and no par-frying. The 1 min par-frying increased total monomeric anthocynanin content to the highest level (36.05 +/-0.60 mg per 100 g d.w) in oven-baked fries without blanching. The lowest moisture content (20.1%) and highest oil content (37.9%) were determined in fries treated with 10 min blanching, 1 min par-flying, and deep-fat flying. A dark brown color was determined in fries treated with 10 min blanching, I min par-flying, and deep-fat flying. PFSP fries treated with 10 min blanching, no par-flying, and deep-fat flying had the highest sensory ratings according to a taste panel. However, the sensory quality of oven-baked fries was increased when samples were par-fried. Fries treated with 10 min blanching, 1 min par-flying, and oven baking may be a more nutritious alternative with 64.3% less oil content, 27.7% more anthocyanin content, and favorable overall sensory quality compared to fries treated with 10 min blanching, no par-flying, and deep-fat flying. C1 [Oner, M. E.; Wall, M. M.] ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Oner, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM manolyaoner@gmail.com NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2285 EP 2291 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 076ZW UT WOS:000313998700025 ER PT J AU Parker, DB Koziel, JA Cai, L Jacobson, LD Akdeniz, N Bereznicki, SD Lim, TT Caraway, EA Zhang, S Hoff, SJ Heber, AJ Heathcote, KY Hetchler, BP AF Parker, D. B. Koziel, J. A. Cai, L. Jacobson, L. D. Akdeniz, N. Bereznicki, S. D. Lim, T. T. Caraway, E. A. Zhang, S. Hoff, S. J. Heber, A. J. Heathcote, K. Y. Hetchler, B. P. TI ODOR AND ODOROUS CHEMICAL EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL BUILDINGS: PART 6. ODOR ACTIVITY VALUE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Detection threshold; Dilutions to threshold; Odor threshold; Regression; VFA; VOC ID CHARACTER IMPACT ODORANTS; AROMA COMPOUNDS; COMPONENTS; PRODUCTS; FLAVOR; BAGS AB There is a growing concern with air and odor emissions from agricultural facilities. A supplementary research project was conducted to complement the U.S. National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS). The overall goal of the project was to establish odor and chemical emission factors for animal feeding operations. The study was conducted over a 17-month period at two freestall dairies, one swine sow farm, and one swine finisher facility. Samples from a representative exhaust airstream at each barn were collected in 10 L Tedlar bags and analyzed by trained human panelists using dynamic triangular forced-choice olfactometry. Samples were simultaneously analyzed for 20 odorous compounds (acetic acid, propanoic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, guaiacol, phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, 2-aminoacetophenone, indole, skatole, dimethyl disulfide, diethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia). In this article, which is part 6 of a six-part series summarizing results of the project, we investigate the correlations between odor concentrations and odor activity value (OAT), defined as the concentration of a single compound divided by the odor threshold for that compound The specific objectives were to determine which compounds contributed most to the overall odor emanating from swine and dairy buildings, and develop equations for predicting odor concentration based on compound OAVs. Single-compound odor thresholds (SCOT) were statistically summarized and analyzed, and OAVs were calculated for all compounds. Odor concentrations were regressed against OAV values using multivariate regression techniques. Both swine sites had four common compounds with the highest OAVs (ranked high to low: hydrogen sulfide, 4-methylphenol, butyric acid, isovaleric acid). The dairy sites had these same four compounds in common in the top five, and in addition diethyl disulfide was ranked second at one dairy site, while ammonia was ranked third at the other dairy site. Summed OAVs were not a good predictor of odor concentration (R-2 = 0.16 to 0.52), underestimating actual odor concentrations by 2 to 3 times. Based on the OAV and regression analyses, we conclude that hydrogen sulfide, 4-methylphenol, isovaleric acid, ammonia, and diethyl disulfide are the most likely contributors to swine odor, while hydrogen sulfide, 4-methyl phenol, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid are the most likely contributors to dairy odors. C1 [Parker, D. B.; Caraway, E. A.] W Texas A&M Univ, Commercial Core Lab, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Parker, D. B.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Koziel, J. A.; Cai, L.; Hoff, S. J.; Heathcote, K. Y.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Jacobson, L. D.; Akdeniz, N.; Hetchler, B. P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bereznicki, S. D.; Heber, A. J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lim, T. T.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. [Zhang, S.] Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Parker, DB (reprint author), W Texas A&M Univ, Commercial Core Lab, WTAMU Box 60938, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. EM dparker@wtamu.edu RI Zhang, Shicheng/H-2399-2011; Koziel, Jacek/B-5483-2014 OI Zhang, Shicheng/0000-0001-9994-1385; Koziel, Jacek/0000-0002-2387-0354 FU USDA-NRI [2005-35112-15336] FX This research was funded by USDA-NRI Grant No. 2005-35112-15336 entitled "Odor Emissions and Chemical Analysis of Odorous Compounds from Animal Buildings." Collaborations of the Agricultural Air Research Council, the National Pork Board, the National Milk Board, and the pork and dairy producers at the four sites are acknowledged. NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2357 EP 2368 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 076ZW UT WOS:000313998700033 ER PT J AU Newcomer, BW Marley, MS Ridpath, JF Neill, JD Boykin, DW Kumar, A Givens, MD AF Newcomer, Benjamin W. Marley, M. Shonda Ridpath, Julia F. Neill, John D. Boykin, David W. Kumar, Arvind Givens, M. Daniel TI Efficacy of an antiviral compound to inhibit replication of multiple pestivirus species SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pestivirus; Antiviral; Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Border disease virus ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; BORDER DISEASE VIRUS AB Pestiviruses are economically important pathogens of livestock. An aromatic cationic compound (DB772) has previously been shown to inhibit bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1 in vitro at concentrations lacking cytotoxic side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the scope of antiviral activity of DB772 among diverse pestiviruses. Isolates of BVDV 2, border disease virus (BDV), HoBi virus, pronghorn virus and Bungowannah virus were tested for in vitro susceptibility to DB772 by incubating infected cells in medium containing 0, 0.006, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5 or 25 mu M DB772. The samples were assayed for the presence of virus by virus isolation and titration (BDV and BVDV 2) or PCR (HoBi, pronghorn and Bungowannah viruses). Cytotoxicity of the compound was assayed for each cell type. Complete inhibition of BVDV 2, BDV, and Pronghorn virus was detected when DB772 was included in the culture media at concentrations of 0.20 mu M and higher. In two of three tests, a concentration of 0.05 mu M DB772 was sufficient to completely inhibit HoBi virus replication. Bungowannah virus was completely inhibited at a concentration of 0.01 mu M DB772. Thus, DB772 effectively inhibits all pestiviruses studied at concentrations >0.20 mu M. As cytotoxicity is not evident at these concentrations, this antiviral compound potentially represents an effective preventative or therapeutic for diverse pestiviruses. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Newcomer, Benjamin W.] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Marley, M. Shonda; Givens, M. Daniel] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Ridpath, Julia F.; Neill, John D.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Boykin, David W.; Kumar, Arvind] Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Newcomer, BW (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 1500 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bwn0001@auburn.edu; edensms@auburn.e-du; julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov; john.neill@ars.usda.gov; dboykin@gsu.edu; rasaayan@yahoo.com; givenmd@auburn.edu NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 96 IS 2 BP 127 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.09.005 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 068VH UT WOS:000313393800006 PM 22985628 ER PT J AU Donlan, J Skog, K Byrne, KA AF Donlan, Jennifer Skog, Kenneth Byrne, Kenneth A. TI Carbon storage in harvested wood products for Ireland 1961-2009 SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Lignocellulosic Ethanol CY OCT 13-15, 2010 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK DE HWP; Harvested wood products; Carbon accounting; Stock-change approach; Production approach; Atmospheric-flow approach ID GREENHOUSE-GAS AB Forests are significant stores of carbon (C). This has been recognised by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and forests are one of the sectors which are included in national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories. Some of this C pool remains in wood after harvest and can remain in use for long periods of time. Accounting for the C stored in harvested wood products (HWP) can potentially contribute to GHG mitigation. A model was developed for this research to estimate C stocks and flows in HWP in Ireland for the years 1961-2009. The change in carbon stocks in HWP were estimated on an annual basis and shown to increase between 1961 and 2009. This increase in annual net additions to C stocks is the result of an increase in domestic harvest (and the resulting inflow into HWP pool) and an increase in HWP going to end uses with longer half-lives. This model (using a Tier II method) is an improvement to previous national estimates (using the Tier I method). Uncertainty was reduced by utilizing national data. This work shows that HWP has considerable potential to support GHG mitigation in Ireland. Inclusion of HWP in Ireland's National Inventory Report (NIR) would give a more comprehensive picture of how the Irish forest sector is mitigating GHG emissions. This model will be incorporated into CARBWARE (Black 2008), the model used to estimate C stored in each of the 5 forest pools, of current and future Irish forests. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Donlan, Jennifer; Byrne, Kenneth A.] Univ Limerick, Dept Life Sci, Limerick, Ireland. [Skog, Kenneth] US Forest Serv, USDA, Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Donlan, J (reprint author), Univ Limerick, Dept Life Sci, Limerick, Ireland. EM jennifer.donlan@ul.ie RI Byrne, Kenneth /F-9638-2013 OI Byrne, Kenneth /0000-0001-8622-7297 FU Programme of Competitive Forestry Research and Development (COFORD) FX This research was funded by the Programme of Competitive Forestry Research and Development (COFORD). Thanks to Eoin O'Driscoll for providing data on HWP end uses. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 46 SI SI BP 731 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.06.018 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 067PJ UT WOS:000313307300073 ER PT J AU Terzi, E Kartal, SN Ibanez, CM Kose, C Arango, R Clausen, CA Green, F AF Terzi, Evren Kartal, S. Nami Marcela Ibanez, Claudia Kose, Coskun Arango, Rachel Clausen, Carol A. Green, Frederick, III TI Biological performance of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. heartwood SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Heartwood; Extractive; Decay; Mold; Termite; Insect; Liquidambar orientalis ID RESISTANCE; STORAX; DECAY AB New approaches for wood protection based on green technologies have increased interest in using heartwood portions of certain wood species for the effects (toxic and antioxidant properties, chelate formation, hydrophobicity) of extractives located in heartwood. This study evaluated the biological performance of heartwood of Liquidambar orientalis Mill., trees well-known for production of balsam. Heartwood specimens were subjected to soil-block decay tests based on the American Wood Protection Association standard method using two brown-rot and two white-rot fungi. Specimens were also subjected to two different laboratory termite resistance tests. Additionally, heartwood specimens were tested for mold growth and resistance to furniture beetle larvae. laboratory fungal decay resistance tests showed that the heartwood of the tree was not resistant against the fungi tested; however, the wood was resistant against termites and furniture beetle larvae in laboratory conditions. Mold tests revealed that the wood also showed resistance to mold growth. Complete biological resistance was not achieved in this study, suggesting that heartwood extractives do not directly correspond to resistance to wood-degrading fungi. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Terzi, Evren; Kartal, S. Nami; Kose, Coskun] Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Biol & Wood Protect Technol, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. [Marcela Ibanez, Claudia] Univ Republica, Fac Quim, Dept Tecnol, Unidad Acad Gest Tecnol, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Arango, Rachel; Clausen, Carol A.; Green, Frederick, III] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53725 USA. RP Kartal, SN (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Biol & Wood Protect Technol, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. EM snkartal@istanbul.edu.tr RI Kartal, Nami/E-6516-2013 FU Coordination Unit for Scientific Research Projects, Istanbul University, Turkey [4436] FX The authors acknowledge financial support by the Coordination Unit for Scientific Research Projects, Istanbul University, Turkey (Project No: 4436). We also thank Lourdes Silva y Ana Ibarra, Carlos Mantero, and Mario Rabinovich of Unidad Academica de Gestion Tecnologica Departamento Tecnologico, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay, for their assistance and support for insect resistance tests. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 75 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.04.025 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 068RE UT WOS:000313383100016 ER PT J AU Hastrup, ACS Green, F Lebow, PK Jensen, B AF Hastrup, Anne Christine Steenkjaer Green, Frederick, III Lebow, Patricia K. Jensen, Bo TI Enzymatic oxalic acid regulation correlated with wood degradation in four brown-rot fungi SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Oxalate decarboxylase; Wood-decay fungi; Basidiomycetes; Oxalic acid; Wood degradation; Calcium oxalate crystals; SEM ID WHITE-ROT; OXALATE DECARBOXYLASE; CALCIUM TRANSLOCATION; SERPULA-LACRYMANS; POSTIA-PLACENTA; DECAY FUNGI; ACCUMULATION; PRESERVATIVES; MECHANISMS; EXTRACTION AB Oxalic acid is a key component in the initiation of brown-rot decay and it has been suggested that it plays multiple roles during the degradation process. Oxalic acid is accumulated to varying degrees among brown-rot fungi; however, details on active regulation are scarce. The accumulation of oxalic acid was measured in this study from wood degraded by the four brown-rot fungi - Gloeophyllum trabeum, Meruliporia incrassata, Coniophora puteana, and Serpula lacrymans - and found to vary significantly. The amount of oxalic acid present was shown to correlate with the mass loss during wood degradation. However, it did not appear to be a direct or causal relationship as G. trabeum produced significantly lower levels of oxalic acid than the other three fungi but generated comparable weight loss. Oxalic acid decarboxylating activity was detected from wood extractions of all four fungi with extractions from G. trabeum-inoculated wood showing the highest activity. Formic acid was measured in extractions from decayed wood by the four brown-rot fungi, supporting the presence of the fungal produced oxalic-acid-degrading enzyme oxalate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.2). Thus this study indicates that the brown-rot species tested, and in particular G. trabeum, are capable of regulating oxalic acid during wood decay by decarboxylation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hastrup, Anne Christine Steenkjaer; Jensen, Bo] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Green, Frederick, III; Lebow, Patricia K.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Hastrup, ACS (reprint author), Aalborg Univ, Dept Biotechnol Chem & Environm Engn, AC Meyers Vaenge 15, DK-2450 Kobenhavn Sv, Denmark. EM annech@bio.ku.dk RI Jensen, Bo/N-5082-2014 OI Jensen, Bo/0000-0002-0414-8999 FU University of Copenhagen FX The authors thank T. Muster, Forest Products Laboratory, for assistance with SEM photography, and M. Haugwitz, University of Copenhagen, for assistance with statistical analysis. A.C.S. Hastrup acknowledges support from the University of Copenhagen Ph.D. Scholarship. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 75 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.05.030 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 068RE UT WOS:000313383100017 ER PT J AU An, ZF Li, CY Zhang, LX Alva, AK AF An, Z. F. Li, C. Y. Zhang, L. X. Alva, A. K. TI Role of polyamines and phospholipase D in maize (Zea mays L.) response to drought stress SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Drought stress; Maize; Phospholipase D; Polyamine ID ACID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INDUCED STOMATAL CLOSURE; ABSCISIC-ACID; PHOSPHATIDIC-ACID; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; ABIOTIC STRESS; OSMOTIC-STRESS; GUARD-CELLS; PLANTS; TOLERANCE AB An in vitro experiment was conducted to elucidate the role of polyamines and phospholipase D (PLD) in maize (Zea mays L.) response to drought stress simulated by PEG-6000. During the early stage of drought stress, an increase of PLD activity played a major role in stomatal closure as an adaptive response to drought stress and this process was independent of polyamine synthesis. Under prolonged drought stress, the total content of polyamines including putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spin) increased at 120 min after drought stress treatment while the ratio of Spd+Spm/Put decreased, which caused an increase in PLD activity, relative membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content (MDA). Exogenous polyamines enhanced PLD activity, and the greatest effect was induced by Put. Therefore, we concluded that PLD played an important role in mitigation of drought stress damage in the early stage of drought stress which was independent of polyamine accumulation. However, in the later stage of drought stress, the obvious elevation of PLD activity led to serious membrane damage regulated by the ratio of Spd+Spm/Put. (C) 2012 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [An, Z. F.; Li, C. Y.; Zhang, L. X.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Alva, A. K.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Zhang, LX (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM zhanglixin@nwsuaf.edu.cn FU Scientific Research Foundation for PhD in Northwest A F University [01140420]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Chinese Universities Scientific Fund [QN2009069]; Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming [10501-J-3] FX This work was supported by Scientific Research Foundation for PhD in Northwest A & F University (01140420), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and Chinese Universities Scientific Fund, Project No. QN2009069, and Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Project No. 10501-J-3. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-6299 J9 S AFR J BOT JI S. Afr. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 83 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.sajb.2012.08.009 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 070VE UT WOS:000313540100020 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, Forrest H. TI History of Zinc in Agriculture SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Zinc Nutrition - From Discovery to Global Health Impact held at the ASN Scientific Sessions and Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology (EB) Meeting CY APR 22, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Nutr (ASN) ID DEFICIENCY; CHICK; NUTRITION; PARAKERATOSIS; AVAILABILITY; CALCIUM; ACID; REQUIREMENT; METABOLISM; COPPER AB Zinc was established as essential for green plants in 1926 and for mammals in 1934. However, >20 y would pass before the first descriptions of zinc deficiencies in farm animals appeared. In 1955, it was reported that zinc supplementation would cure parakeratosis in swine. In 1958, it was reported that zinc deficiency induced poor growth, leg abnormalities, poor feathering, and parakeratosis in chicks. In the 1960s, zinc supplementation was found to alleviate parakeratosis in grazing cattle and sheep. Within 35 y, it was established that nearly one half of the soils in the world may be zinc deficient, causing decreased plant zinc content and production that can be prevented by zinc fertilization. In many of these areas, zinc deficiency is prevented in grazing livestock by zinc fertilization of pastures or by providing salt licks. For livestock under more defined conditions, such as poultry, swine, and dairy and finishing cattle, feeds are easily supplemented with zinc salts to prevent deficiency. Today, the causes and consequences of zinc deficiency and methods and effects of overcoming the deficiency are well established for agriculture. The history of zinc in agriculture is an outstanding demonstration of the translation of research into practical application. Adv. Nutr. 3: 783-789, 2012. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. EM forrest.nielsen@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 783 EP 789 DI 10.3945/an.112.002881 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066LM UT WOS:000313222300004 PM 23153732 ER PT J AU Morris, MS AF Morris, Martha Savaria TI The Role of B Vitamins in Preventing and Treating Cognitive Impairment and Decline SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nutritional Prevention of Cognitive Decline held at the ASN Scientific Sessions and Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology (EB) Meeting CY APR 25, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Nutr (ASN), Nutr Epidemiol RIS ID METHYLMALONIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; SACRAMENTO AREA LATINO; FOLIC-ACID; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; OLDER-ADULTS; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; ELDERLY POPULATION AB Many epidemiologic studies have considered whether markers of B-vitamin status are associated with cognitive function and cognitive decline. This avenue of research was sparked by the homocysteine (Hcy) theory of cardiovascular disease, which was extended to Alzheimer's disease when a link between vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease was discovered. Hcy could cause cognitive impairment via direct neurotoxicity. However, decreased remethylation of Hcy to methionine might also compromise cognitive function by means other than mere Hcy lowering. Folate and vitamin B-12 participate in Hcy remethylation and largely determine Hcy status. Consequently, much of the relevant research has focused on these 2 B vitamins. The many subtly different hypotheses that investigators have addressed by attempting to link several B-vitamin status indicators to diverse cognition-related outcomes have created a confusing body of conflicting studies that seems to defy summarization. Nevertheless, themes are discernible that aid interpretation, foster hypothesis generation, and inform future study design. For example, despite a shared metabolic pathway, Hcy, vitamin B-12, and folate are differently related to specific cognitive outcomes. Although consistency of findings across studies is often touted as essential to distinguishing causal from coincidental relationships, discrepancies among study findings can be even more informative. Adv. Nutr. 3: 801-812, 2012. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Morris, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM martha.morris@tufts.edu NR 122 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 801 EP 812 DI 10.3945/an.112.002535 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066LM UT WOS:000313222300006 PM 23153734 ER PT J AU Saltzman, E Johnson, MA Bales, CW AF Saltzman, Edward Johnson, Mary Ann Bales, Connie W. TI Clinical Nutrition Update 2012 SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Saltzman, Edward] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Johnson, Mary Ann] Univ Georgia, Coll Family & Consumer Sci, Dept Food & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bales, Connie W.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Saltzman, E (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM edward.saltzman@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 827 EP 828 DI 10.3945/an.112.002774 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066LM UT WOS:000313222300011 PM 23153739 ER PT J AU Tuan, NT Butte, NF Wang, YF AF Tuan, Nguyen T. Butte, Nancy F. Wang, Youfa TI Demographic and socioeconomic correlates of adiposity assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in US children and adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; EARLY NUTRITION; OVERWEIGHT; ADULTS; RISK; ETHNICITY; FATNESS; ACCULTURATION AB Background: Associations between demographic-socioeconomic characteristics and childhood obesity are complex in the United States. Objective: We examined associations between demographic-socioeconomic characteristics (age, sex, race-ethnicity, family income, household size, and birthplace) and adiposity measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in US children. Design: Data were from 8-19-y-old US children enrolled in NHANES 2001-2004 (n = 5436). Adiposity was expressed as the fat mass index (FMI = fat mass/height(2); in kg/m(2)), percentage body fat (%BF), and prevalence of normal, overfat, and excess fat corresponding to %BF <25%, 25-29.9%, and >= 30% in boys and < 30%, 30-34.9%, and >= 35% in girls, respectively. We used sex-specific linear and multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for demographic-socioeconomic factors. Results: The prevalence of excess fat was higher in Mexican American (36%) than in white (28%; P <= 0.10) and black (21%; P < 0.05) boys; higher in Mexican American (44%) than in white (36%; P <= 0.10) and black (35%; P < 0.05) girls; and higher in US-born (38%) than in foreign-born (29%; P <= 0.10) Mexican American boys. In boys, %BF was higher in Mexican Americans and lower in blacks than in whites (P < 0.05). Adiposity was negatively associated with family income in white boys and girls and in Mexican American girls (P < 0.05). Racial-ethnic disparities in adiposity persisted (P < 0.001) after control for demographic-socioeconomic factors available in NHANES. The R-2 for sex-specific models of %BF or FMI regressed on age, race-ethnicity, family income, household size, and birthplace ranged from 2% to 11%. Conclusion: The association between demographic-socioeconomic factors and adiposity among US children varied substantially by age, sex, and race-ethnicity. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:1104-12. C1 [Tuan, Nguyen T.; Wang, Youfa] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Global Ctr Childhood Obes, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Butte, Nancy F.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tuan, Nguyen T.] Family Hlth Int, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Wang, YF (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Global Ctr Childhood Obes, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Room E2546,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM ywang@jhsph.edu FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH/NIDDK) [R01DK81335-01A1]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NIH/NICHD) [1R03HD058077-01A1, R03HD058077-01A1S1, 1R01HD064685-01A1]; Thrasher Research Fund [NR-0087] FX Supported in part by research grants from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH/NIDDK, R01DK81335-01A1), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NIH/NICHD, 1R03HD058077-01A1, R03HD058077-01A1S1, 1R01HD064685-01A1), and the Thrasher Research Fund (NR-0087). NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1104 EP 1112 DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.019232 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 062UX UT WOS:000312949600021 PM 23034959 ER PT J AU Johnson, EJ AF Johnson, Elizabeth J. TI A possible role for lutein and zeaxanthin in cognitive function in the elderly SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Developments in Carotenoids Research CY MAR 11-12, 2011 CL Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA SP DSM Nutrit Prod, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Int Union Biochem & Mol Biol, Soc Free Rad Res Int HO Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging ID PIGMENT OPTICAL-DENSITY; MACULAR PIGMENT; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; PLASMA ANTIOXIDANTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DIETARY-INTAKE; EYE DISEASE; OLDER WOMEN; CAROTENOIDS AB Epidemiologic studies suggest that dietary lutein and zeaxanthin may be of benefit in maintaining cognitive health. Among the carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin are the only two that cross the blood-retina barrier to form macular pigment (MP) in the eye. They also preferentially accumulate in the human brain. Lutein and zeaxanthin in macula from nonhuman primates were found to be significantly correlated with their concentrations in matched brain tissue. Therefore, MP can be used as a biomarker of lutein and zeaxanthin in primate brain tissue. This is of interest given that a significant correlation was found between MP density and global cognitive function in healthy older adults. An examination of a relation between cognition and lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in the brain tissue of decedents from a population-based study in centenarians found that zeaxanthin concentrations in brain tissue were significantly related to antemortem measures of global cognitive function, memory retention, verbal fluency, and dementia severity after adjustment for age, sex, education, hypertension, and diabetes. In univariate analyses, lutein was related to recall and verbal fluency, but the strength of the associations was attenuated with adjustment for covariates. However, lutein concentrations in the brain were significantly lower in individuals with mild cognitive impairment than in those with normal cognitive function. Last, in a 4-mo, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in older women that involved lutein supplementation (12 mg/d), alone or in combination with DHA (800 mg/d), verbal fluency scores improved significantly in the DHA, lutein, and combined-treatment groups. Memory scores and rate of learning improved significantly in the combined-treatment group, who also showed a trend toward more efficient learning. When all of these observations are taken into consideration, the idea that lutein and zeaxanthin can influence cognitive function in older adults warrants further study. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96(suppl):1161S-5S. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM elizabeth.johnson@tufts.edu NR 55 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1161S EP 1165S DI 10.3945/ajcn.112.034611 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 062UX UT WOS:000312949600030 PM 23053547 ER PT J AU Tang, GW AF Tang, Guangwen TI Techniques for measuring vitamin A activity from beta-carotene SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Developments in Carotenoids Research CY MAR 11-12, 2011 CL Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA SP DSM Nutrit Prod, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Int Union Biochem & Mol Biol, Soc Free Rad Res Int HO Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging ID ISOTOPE REFERENCE METHOD; INTESTINAL ABSORPTION; CHINESE ADULTS; GOLDEN RICE; HUMANS; EQUIVALENCE; VEGETABLES; RETINOL; MEN; CONVERSION AB Dietary beta-carotene is the most important precursor of vitamin A. However, the determination of the efficiency of in vivo conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A requires sensitive and safe techniques. It presents the following challenges: 1) circulating beta-carotene concentration cannot be altered by eating a meal containing <= 6 mg beta-carotene; 2) because retinol concentrations are homeostatically controlled, the conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A cannot be estimated accurately in well-nourished humans by assessing changes in serum retinol after supplementation with beta-carotene. In the past half-century, techniques using radioisotopes of beta-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and beta-carotene supplements, measurement of postprandial chylomicron fractions after consumption of a beta-carotene dose, and finally, stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of beta-carotene in humans have been developed. The reported values for beta-carotene to vitamin A conversion showed a wide variation from 2 mg beta-carotene to 1 mg retinol (for synthetic pure beta-carotene in oil) and 28 mg beta-carotene to 1 mg retinol (for beta-carotene from vegetables). In recent years, a stable isotope reference method (IRM) was developed that used labeled synthetic beta-carotene. The IRM method provided evidence that the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A is likely dose dependent. With the development of intrinsically labeled plant foods harvested from a hydroponic system with heavy water, vitamin A activity of stable isotope-labeled biosynthetic beta-carotene from various foods consumed by humans was studied. The efficacy of plant foods rich in beta-carotene, such as natural (spinach, carrots, spirulina), hybrid (high-beta-carotene yellow maize), and bioengineered (Golden Rice) foods, to provide vitamin A has shown promising results. The results from these studies will be of practical importance in recommendations for the use of pure beta-carotene and foods rich in beta-carotene in providing vitamin A and ultimately in preventing either overconsumption or poor intake of vitamin A by humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96(suppl):1185S-8S. C1 [Tang, Guangwen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tang, Guangwen] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM guangwen.tang@tufts.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1185S EP 1188S DI 10.3945/ajcn.112.034603 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 062UX UT WOS:000312949600034 PM 23053556 ER PT J AU Wang, XD AF Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Lycopene metabolism and its biological significance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Developments in Carotenoids Research CY MAR 11-12, 2011 CL Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA SP DSM Nutrit Prod, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Int Union Biochem & Mol Biol, Soc Free Rad Res Int HO Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging ID RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ELEMENT TRANSCRIPTION SYSTEM; GAP JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-3; SMOKE-EXPOSED FERRETS; PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; VITAMIN-A PRODUCTION; BETA-CAROTENE AB The beneficial effects of a high intake of tomatoes and tomato products on the risk of certain chronic diseases have been presented in many epidemiologic studies, with the suggestion that lycopene (a major carotenoid in tomatoes) is a micronutrient with important health benefits. Within the past few years, we have gained greater knowledge of the metabolism of lycopene and the biological effects of lycopene derivatives. In particular, the characterization and study of beta-carotene 9', 10'-oxygenase has shown that this enzyme can catalyze the excentric cleavage of both provitamin and non-provitamin A carotenoids to form apo-10'-carotenoids, including apo-10'-lycopenoids from lycopene. This raised an important question of whether the effect of lycopene on various cellular functions and signaling pathways is a result of the direct actions of intact lycopene or its derivatives. Several reports, including our own, support the notion that the biological activities of lycopene can be mediated by apo-10'-lycopenoids. More research is clearly needed to identify and characterize additional lycopene metabolites and their biological activities, which will potentially provide invaluable insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of lycopene in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96(suppl):1214S-22S. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA104932] NR 104 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1214S EP 1222S DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.032359 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 062UX UT WOS:000312949600039 PM 23053559 ER PT J AU Harnly, JM AF Harnly, James M. TI Expert Review Panel Approves First Action Methods for Antioxidants in Foods SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harnly, JM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab,BARC E, Bldg 161,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Hamly@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1555 EP 1556 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.Harnly_Intro PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 065IU UT WOS:000313142800002 PM 23451366 ER PT J AU Plank, DW Szpylka, J Sapirstein, H Woollard, D Zapf, CM Lee, V Chen, CYO Liu, RH Tsao, R Dusterloh, A Baugh, S AF Plank, David W. Szpylka, John Sapirstein, Harry Woollard, David Zapf, Charles M. Lee, Vong Chen, C-Y. Oliver Liu, Rui Hai Tsao, Rong Duesterloh, Andre Baugh, Steve TI Determination of Antioxidant Activity in Foods and Beverages by Reaction with 2,2 '-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH): Collaborative Study First Action 2012.04 SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; VEGETABLE INTAKE; CAPACITY ASSAYS; FRUIT; RISK; PHENOLS AB A colorimetric method for the determination of total antioxidant activity in a variety of foods and beverages was validated in both a single-laboratory validation and a collaborative laboratory validation study. The procedure involved extraction of the antioxidants directly into a methanol water solution containing a known amount of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), thus promoting the rapid reaction of extracted materials with DPPH. The reaction was monitored by spectrophotometric measurement of the absorbance loss at 517 nm. Antioxidant activity was quantified relative to a dilution series of vitamin E analog standards (Trolox (R)), which were analyzed in parallel simultaneously with the food and beverage samples. The antioxidant activities of the samples ranged from 131 to 131 000 mu mole Trolox equivalents/100 g. Statistical analysis of the results showed that nine of the 11 matrixes gave acceptable HorRat values, indicating that the method performed well in these cases. The acceptable matrixes include pomegranate juice, blueberry juice, carrot juice, green tea, wine, rosemary spice, ready-to-eat cereal, and yogurt. Two samples failed the HorRat test: the first was an almond milk that had an antioxidant level below the practical LOQ for the method; the second was a sample of canola oil with added omega-3 fatty acid that was immiscible in the reaction medium. C1 [Plank, David W.] Medall Labs, Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA. [Szpylka, John] Gen Mills Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA. [Sapirstein, Harry] Univ Manitoba, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Woollard, David] New Zealand Lab Serv Ltd, Auckland 1642, New Zealand. [Zapf, Charles M.] McCormick & Co Inc, Tech Innovat Ctr, Hunt Valley, MD 21031 USA. [Lee, Vong] POM Wonderful LLC, Del Rey, CA 93616 USA. [Chen, C-Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Liu, Rui Hai] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tsao, Rong] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Guelph Food Res Ctr, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada. [Duesterloh, Andre] DSM Nutr Prod Ltd, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland. [Baugh, Steve] AOAC INT, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. RP Plank, DW (reprint author), Medall Labs, 9000 Plymouth Ave N, Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA. EM david.plark@medlabs.com RI Liu, Rui Hai/C-2865-2008 FU Porn Wonderful, Inc., Del Rey, CA FX This study was supported by funding from Porn Wonderful, Inc., Del Rey, CA. The Study Directors would like to thank the following collaborators for all of their efforts in completing this study: NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 61 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1562 EP 1569 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.CS2012_04 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 065IU UT WOS:000313142800004 PM 23451369 ER PT J AU Harnly, JM Luthria, D Chen, P AF Harnly, James M. Luthria, Devanand Chen, Pei TI Detection of Adulterated Ginkgo biloba Supplements Using Chromatographic and Spectral Fingerprints SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS; QUALITY AB The fingerprints of 18 commercially available Ginkgo biloba supplements, 12 samples of raw G. biloba leaves, and three G. biloba standard reference materials from the National Institute of Standards and Technology were acquired directly (no chromatography) by UV spectrometry and after separation using HPLC with a diode array detector. The fingerprints consisted of the UV spectral images, the chromatographic images, and the areas of the 21 most prominent chromatographic peaks. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis and one-class soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). It was determined that three of the commercial products were adulterated with rutin, four with quercetin, and one with an unidentified flavonol glycoside. One-class SIMCA of the authentic products allowed the adulterated products to be easily distinguished using Q-residuals. Authentic supplements and raw leaf materials were easily distinguished. The finely powdered samples were also analyzed by near-IR (NIR) spectrometry. The authentic and adulterated products could not be distinguished by NIR spectrometry because of the excipients. C1 [Harnly, James M.; Luthria, Devanand; Chen, Pei] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harnly, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Bldg 161,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.harnly@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1579 EP 1587 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.12-096 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 065IU UT WOS:000313142800007 PM 23451372 ER PT J AU Nothaft, H Scott, NE Vinogradov, E Liu, X Hu, R Beadle, B Fodor, C Miller, WG Li, JJ Cordwell, SJ Szymanski, CM AF Nothaft, Harald Scott, Nichollas E. Vinogradov, Evgeny Liu, Xin Hu, Rui Beadle, Bernadette Fodor, Christopher Miller, William G. Li, Jianjun Cordwell, Stuart J. Szymanski, Christine M. TI Diversity in the Protein N-Glycosylation Pathways Within the Campylobacter Genus SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV.; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EMENDED DESCRIPTION; O-ANTIGEN; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; BACTEROIDES-GRACILIS; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS AB The foodborne bacterial pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni, possesses an N-linked protein glycosylation (pgl) pathway involved in adding conserved heptasaccharides to asparagine-containing motifs of >60 proteins, and releasing the same glycan into its periplasm as free oligosaccharides. In this study, comparative genomics of all 30 fully sequenced Campylobacter taxa revealed conserved pgl gene clusters in all but one species. Structural, phylogenetic and immunological studies showed that the N-glycosylation systems can be divided into two major groups. Group I includes all thermotolerant taxa, capable of growth at the higher body temperatures of birds, and produce the C. jejuni-like glycans. Within group I, the niche-adapted C. lari subgroup contain the smallest genomes among the epsilonproteobacteria, and are unable to glucosylate their pgl pathway glycans potentially reminiscent of the glucosyltransferase regression observed in the O-glycosylation system of Neisseria species. The non-thermotolerant Campylobacters, which inhabit a variety of hosts and niches, comprise group II and produce an unexpected diversity of N-glycan structures varying in length and composition. This includes the human gut commensal, C. hominis, which produces at least four different N-glycan structures, akin to the surface carbohydrate diversity observed in the well-studied commensal, Bacteroides. Both group I and II glycans are immunogenic and cell surface exposed, making these structures attractive targets for vaccine design and diagnostics. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 11: 10.1074/mcp.M112.021519, 1203-1219, 2012. C1 [Nothaft, Harald; Scott, Nichollas E.; Beadle, Bernadette; Fodor, Christopher; Szymanski, Christine M.] Univ Alberta, Alberta Glyc Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Nothaft, Harald; Scott, Nichollas E.; Beadle, Bernadette; Fodor, Christopher; Szymanski, Christine M.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Scott, Nichollas E.; Cordwell, Stuart J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Mol & Microbial Biosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Vinogradov, Evgeny; Liu, Xin; Hu, Rui; Li, Jianjun] CNR, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Miller, William G.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Szymanski, CM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, CCIS 6-061, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM cszymans@ualberta.ca OI Scott, Nichollas/0000-0003-2556-8316; Vinogradov, Evgeny/0000-0002-5364-1376 FU Alberta Glycomics Centre; Australian National Health; Medical Research Foundation [APP1037373]; Alberta Innovates Scholar award FX This work was supported by the Alberta Glycomics Centre. NES holds a CJ Martin Overseas Biomedical Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Foundation (#APP1037373). CMS holds an Alberta Innovates Scholar award. NR 79 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD NOV PY 2012 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1203 EP 1219 DI 10.1074/mcp.M112.021519 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 067EP UT WOS:000313277100009 PM 22859570 ER PT J AU Tian, ZX Zhao, MX She, MY Du, JC Cannon, SB Liu, X Xu, X Qi, XP Li, MW Lam, HM Ma, JX AF Tian, Zhixi Zhao, Meixia She, Maoyun Du, Jianchang Cannon, Steven B. Liu, Xin Xu, Xun Qi, Xinpeng Li, Man-Wah Lam, Hon-Ming Ma, Jianxin TI Genome-Wide Characterization of Nonreference Transposons Reveals Evolutionary Propensities of Transposons in Soybean SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RECOMBINATION RATE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONS; FLOWERING PLANTS; RICE; RETROTRANSPOSONS; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; MAIZE AB Preferential accumulation of transposable elements (TEs), particularly long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), in recombination-suppressed pericentromeric regions seems to be a general pattern of TE distribution in flowering plants. However, whether such a pattern was formed primarily by preferential TE insertions into pericentromeric regions or by selection against TE insertions into euchromatin remains obscure. We recently investigated TE insertions in 31 resequenced wild and cultivated soybean (Glycine max) genomes and detected 34,154 unique nonreference TE insertions mappable to the reference genome. Our data revealed consistent distribution patterns of the nonreference LTR-RT insertions and those present in the reference genome, whereas the distribution patterns of the nonreference DNA TE insertions and the accumulated ones were significantly different. The densities of the nonreference LTR-RT insertions were found to negatively correlate with the rates of local genetic recombination, but no significant correlation between the densities of nonreference DNA TE insertions and the rates of local genetic recombination was detected. These observations suggest that distinct insertional preferences were primary factors that resulted in different levels of effectiveness of purifying selection, perhaps as an effect of local genomic features, such as recombination rates and gene densities that reshaped the distribution patterns of LTR-RTs and DNA TEs in soybean. C1 [Tian, Zhixi; Zhao, Meixia; She, Maoyun; Du, Jianchang; Ma, Jianxin] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tian, Zhixi] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Plant Cell & Chromosome Engn, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Cannon, Steven B.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Liu, Xin; Xu, Xun] Beijing Genome Inst Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China. [Liu, Xin; Xu, Xun] Key Lab Genom Minister Agr, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China. [Qi, Xinpeng; Li, Man-Wah; Lam, Hon-Ming] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Hong Kong 1, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Qi, Xinpeng; Li, Man-Wah; Lam, Hon-Ming] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, Hong Kong 1, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Ma, JX (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM maj@purdue.edu RI ZHAO, MEIXIA/N-3124-2015; Lam, Hon-Ming/A-9866-2008 OI ZHAO, MEIXIA/0000-0001-8812-8217; Lam, Hon-Ming/0000-0002-6673-8740 FU United Soybean Board [1249]; National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program [IOS-0822258]; Purdue Agricultural Research Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China [91131005]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund [468610]; Lo Kwee Seong Biomedical Research Fund; Lee Hysan Foundation FX We thank Phillip SanMiguel and Jeff Bennetzen for their thoughtful comments on this article. This work was mainly supported by the United Soybean Board (Project 1249) to J.M. and partly supported by the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (Grant IOS-0822258) and Purdue Agricultural Research Program to J.M., the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 91131005) and Chinese Academy of Sciences Startup Funds to Z.T., the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund (Grant 468610) to H.-M.L. and X.X., and the Lo Kwee Seong Biomedical Research Fund and Lee Hysan Foundation to H.-M.L. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 2012 VL 24 IS 11 BP 4422 EP 4436 DI 10.1105/tpc.112.103630 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 067DC UT WOS:000313272700012 PM 23175746 ER PT J AU Odgers, NP Libohova, Z Thompson, JA AF Odgers, Nathan P. Libohova, Zamir Thompson, James A. TI Equal-area spline functions applied to a legacy soil database to create weighted-means maps of soil organic carbon at a continental scale SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE GlobalSoilMap; Equal-area splines; Weighted means; STATSGO2; Legacy soil data ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; AVAILABLE WATER CAPACITY; DEPTH FUNCTIONS; STORAGE; FOREST; MODEL; METHODOLOGY; LANDSCAPE; PROFILE; STOCKS AB There is a growing need for raster-based soil data to support modelling at regional and continental scales. The GlobalSoilMap consortium aims to satisfy this need with the production of a suite of digital soil maps of various soil properties at six standard depths for most of the land surface of the Earth. Initially, the maps will be produced using legacy soil data (soil data already available). In the United States, the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO2) database is a rich source of legacy soil information, but the STATSGO2 map is vector-based and soil components' soil property data is organised by horizon. We therefore applied the equal-area spline function to the soil components of STATSGO2 map units in order to obtain estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) content at the GlobalSoilMap standard depth increments. Using these estimates, we calculated the weighted mean of SOC for each STATSGO2 map unit at each GlobalSoilMap.net depth increment and gridded these weighted means at 100 m resolution for the contiguous United States. The result is a set of maps of SOC content for each GlobalSoilMap depth increment accompanied by an indication of the within-map unit variability. In addition, we show how the use of other "metadata maps" is essential for avoiding misunderstandings about reported values and discuss some of the limitations of the approach. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Odgers, Nathan P.] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr & Environm, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Odgers, Nathan P.; Thompson, James A.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Libohova, Zamir] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Odgers, NP (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Agr & Environm, Biomed Bldg C81, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM nathan.odgers@sydney.edu.au; zamir.libohova@lin.usda.gov; james.thompson@mail.wvu.edu RI Odgers, Nathan/F-1205-2010 OI Odgers, Nathan/0000-0002-5934-0363 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 2012 VL 189 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.026 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 047XX UT WOS:000311875900017 ER PT J AU Lehrsch, GA Sojka, RE Koehn, AC AF Lehrsch, G. A. Sojka, R. E. Koehn, A. C. TI Surfactant effects on soil aggregate tensile strength SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Aggregate strength; Calcium; Kinetic energy; Particle bonding; Sprinkler irrigation; Wetting agent ID WETTING-DRYING CYCLES; WATER REPELLENCY; ORGANIC-MATTER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DISPERSIBLE CLAY; RUPTURE ENERGY; REMOLDED SOILS; SANDY SOIL; FRIABILITY; STABILITY AB Little is known regarding a soil aggregate's tensile strength response to surfactants that may be applied to alleviate soil water repellency. Two laboratory investigations were performed to determine surfactant effects on the tensile strength of 1) Ap horizons of nine wettable, agricultural soils collected from across the continental U.S., and 2) two of the nine soils (Latahco and Rad silt loams from the Pacific Northwest) that were sampled at two depths (5 and 15 mm) after being sprinkler irrigated. Along with an untreated control, three surfactants (an alkyl polyglycoside, an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, and a blend of the two) were spray applied by hand at rates of 0, 1, 1.63, 3.35, 4.79, or 8.14 kg active ingredient ha(-1) to 1) air-dry, loose soil in Study 1 and 2) field-moist, tamped soil in Study 2 before being irrigated with surfactant-free water at 88 mm h(-1) twice, once for 0.33 h, then about 8 d later for 0.25 h. Tensile strength was measured on oven-dry, 4- to 6.35-mm-diameter aggregates (18 <= n <= 37) of known mass for each treatment using a load cell with an attached flat-tip probe moving at a constant 0.27-mm s(-1) rate that applied continuous strain to each aggregate until it failed. In Study 1, tensile strength ranged widely, from 27 kPa for Adkins loamy sand to 486 kPa for Bolfar loam, averaged across surfactant treatments. Tensile strength for all nine surfactant-treated soils averaged 164 kPa, 7% greater (P=0.099) than the control. In Study 2, surfactants significantly affected the tensile strength of Latahco but not Rad aggregates, when averaged across irrigations and sampling depths. After irrigation, aggregate tensile strength averaged 26% less (P<0.001) at the 5- than 15-mm depth, likely due to droplet kinetic energy fracturing near-surface, intra-aggregate bonds or surfactant leaching. All told, tensile strength varied more by soil series and depth than by surfactants. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lehrsch, G. A.; Sojka, R. E.; Koehn, A. C.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lehrsch, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N,3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM Gary.Lehrsch@ars.usda.gov FU Aquatrols Corporation of America, Paulsboro, NJ FX Appreciation is extended to Dr. Don Horneck, Oregon State Univ., Hermiston, and to Dr. Paul McDaniel, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, for assistance in locating needed soils. The authors also thank Dr. McDaniel for helping to classify soils in the FAO system. The gracious Mr. Ken Vandewaal, Boardman, OR, provided us the Quincy soil. Appreciation is also due to Dr. John Gilley, Lincoln, NE, Dr. Don Horneck, Hermiston, OR, Dr. Russell Nuti, Dawson, GA, Mr. Matt Quist, Atascadero, CA, Dr. Fred Rhoton, Oxford, MS, and Mr. Troy Winward, Kimberly, ID, for sampling, then shipping or transporting soils to Kimberly, and to Dr. Dave Bjorneberg for providing personnel for logistical support when needed. The authors also thank Dr. Jim lppolito for the ICP-OES analyses and J. A. Foerster, J. L Reed, and L. Romer-Keele for logistical support. The authors acknowledge financial and material support kindly provided by Aquatrols Corporation of America, Paulsboro, NJ. In addition, Aquatrols personnel kindly measured contact angles. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 2012 VL 189 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.015 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 047XX UT WOS:000311875900022 ER PT J AU Weindorf, DC Zhu, YD McDaniel, P Valerio, M Lynn, L Michaelson, G Clark, M Ping, CL AF Weindorf, David C. Zhu, Yuanda McDaniel, Paul Valerio, Mitchell Lynn, Lorene Michaelson, Gary Clark, Mark Ping, Chien Lu TI Characterizing soils via portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer: 2. Spodic and Albic horizons SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Spodosols; Portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry; Volcanic ash; Iron ID MOUNT MAZAMA; IMPACT; QUANTIFICATION; USA AB Differentiation of horizons in soils formed in volcanic ash can be problematic as recent ash deposits often have the same morphological appearance as eluvial albic horizons. Furthermore, differentiation of spodic horizons can be difficult as multiple horizons can appear homogeneous. A portable x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometer was utilized to scan volcanic ash-derived Spodosols, Andisols, and Inceptisols in northern Idaho and southern Alaska. Distinct patterns of elemental concentrations were identified in soil profiles. These data can be used to quantitatively differentiate seemingly nondescript horizons. Organic carbon variability within soil profiles was found to significantly correlate to elemental concentrations as evidenced by strong regression r(2) and low root mean squared errors (RMSEs). Specifically, Fe/Zr ratios proved useful for documenting spodic horizons in the studied profiles, and showed some potential for differentiating volcanic ash from true E horizons. In areas of frequent saturation or inundation, the PXRF also demonstrated the ability to distinguish depleted soil matrix materials from reduced Fe. Summarily, the PXRF proved to be a useful instrument for rapid, on-site analysis of volcanic ash soils. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Weindorf, David C.; Zhu, Yuanda] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [McDaniel, Paul; Valerio, Mitchell] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Lynn, Lorene] HDR, Palmer, AK USA. [Michaelson, Gary; Ping, Chien Lu] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Clark, Mark] USDA NRCS, Palmer, AK USA. RP Weindorf, DC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM dweindorf@agcenter.LSU.edu RI McDaniel, Paul/A-8954-2009 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 2012 VL 189 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.034 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 047XX UT WOS:000311875900031 ER PT J AU Hartemink, AE Lowery, B Wacker, C AF Hartemink, Alfred E. Lowery, Birl Wacker, Carl TI Soil maps of Wisconsin SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil maps; Historical maps; Digital soil mapping; Soil survey ID PROFILE CONE PENETROMETER; GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MAPPING SOIL; FUZZY; CARBON; MODELS; CLASSIFICATION; LANDSCAPE; SCIENCE AB Legacy soil maps are an important input in digital soil mapping. This paper traces how reconnaissance soil maps in Wisconsin evolved between the 18805 and the present with some discussion on future directions. The first soil map in the USA was made in Wisconsin by the geologist T.C. Chamberlin in 1882. The second soil map of Wisconsin was made by A.R. Whitson in 1927, and the third by F.D. Hole in 1976. Soil texture and physiography were the major diagnostic mapping criteria. As more detailed county soil surveys were completed and knowledge of the soils increased, a higher level of detail can be observed on statewide soil maps. The detailed county soil maps were digitized in the 1990s and early 2000s and have been used in a wide range of studies and applications (e.g. agriculture, forestry, landscape architecture, and human health). In the 1990s, soil scientists transitioned from mapping on paper copy aerial photos to digital procedures. This change coincided with the development of digital soil mapping, and the introduction of several new observational techniques (GPR, EMI, and cone penetrometer). These modeling and observational tools continue to be used to evaluate small areas, but have not yet become widely used for current soil mapping activities. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hartemink, Alfred E.; Lowery, Birl] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, FD Hole Soils Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wacker, Carl] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Madison, WI 53717 USA. RP Hartemink, AE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, FD Hole Soils Lab, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hartemink@wisc.edu RI Hartemink, Alfred/G-1149-2011 OI Hartemink, Alfred/0000-0002-5797-6798 NR 82 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 2012 VL 189 BP 451 EP 461 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.025 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 047XX UT WOS:000311875900052 ER PT J AU King, KW Balogh, JC Agrawal, SG Tritabaugh, CJ Ryan, JA AF King, K. W. Balogh, J. C. Agrawal, S. G. Tritabaugh, C. J. Ryan, J. A. TI Phosphorus concentration and loading reductions following changes in fertilizer application and formulation on managed turf SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SOIL TEST PHOSPHORUS; URBAN GOLF COURSE; NITRATE-NITROGEN; SURFACE-WATER; RUNOFF; TURFGRASS; NUTRIENT; QUALITY; RATES; STORM AB Excess phosphorus, particularly in surface waters can lead to severe eutrophication. Identifying source areas, quantifying contributions, and evaluating management practices are required to address current and future water quality concerns. A before-after study was conducted from 2003-2010 on a sub-watershed of Northland Country Club Golf Course in Duluth, MN to demonstrate the impacts of two different phosphorus management approaches (Period 1: traditional application and timing using commercially available synthetic blends; Period 2: reduced rate, low dose applications, and organic formulations). Outflow median dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and total phosphorus (TP) stream concentrations were significantly less in Period 2 compared to Period 1. There was no statistical difference in the mean TP loading in Period 1 (0.25 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) compared to Period 2 (0.20 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) or between the DRP loading in Period 1 (0.15 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) compared to Period 2 (0.09 kg ha(-1) year(-1)). However, by switching to organic phosphorus formulations and reducing application rates by greater than 75%, substantial reduction in DRP and TP concentrations was achieved. Based on these findings it is recommended that turf managers (parks and recreation to golf courses) explore the feasibility of altering their fertility management related to phosphorus by including organic formulations, low dose applications, and overall rate reductions. Additionally, it is recommended that the fertilizer industry develop and make more readily available commercial blends with lesser to zero amounts of phosphorus. C1 [King, K. W.; Agrawal, S. G.] ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Balogh, J. C.] Spectrum Res Inc, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Tritabaugh, C. J.; Ryan, J. A.] Northland Country Club, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kevin.king@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Golf Association-Green Section Research FX The authors would like to express our gratitude to Northland Country Club for their vision to see the relevance and importance of preserving and protecting both the environment and the game of golf. The authors would like to acknowledge the generosity of NCC's members and staff in granting permission and access to conduct this research. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of the many current and past employees of the USDA-ARS-SDRU and Spectrum Research Inc., who worked on this project: Ginny Roberts, Eric Fischer, Ann Kemble, Jeff Risley, Natalie Struble, Brad Walker, Sara Beth Scadlock, Ivy Leland, Emily Burgess, and Heather McMains. We would like to thank Dr Norm Fausey for providing a critical review of an early version of this manuscript. This research was funded in part by the U.S. Golf Association-Green Section Research. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2929 EP 2938 DI 10.1039/c2em30213f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058ST UT WOS:000312655000010 PM 23026887 ER PT J AU Hunt, SL Kadavy, KC AF Hunt, Sherry L. Kadavy, Kem C. TI Closure to "Inception Point Relationship for Flat-Sloped Stepped Spillways" by Sherry L. Hunt and Kem C. Kadavy SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SKIMMING FLOWS C1 [Hunt, Sherry L.; Kadavy, Kem C.] ARS, USDA, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Hunt, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM sherry.hunt@ars.usda.gov; kem.kadavy@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2012 VL 138 IS 11 BP 1004 EP 1005 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000604 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 059LL UT WOS:000312706800014 ER PT J AU Tedela, NH McCutcheon, SC Rasmussen, TC Hawkins, RH Swank, WT Campbell, JL Adams, MB Jackson, CR Tollner, EW AF Tedela, Negussie H. McCutcheon, Steven C. Rasmussen, Todd C. Hawkins, Richard H. Swank, Wayne T. Campbell, John L. Adams, Mary Beth Jackson, C. Rhett Tollner, Ernest W. TI Runoff Curve Numbers for 10 Small Forested Watersheds in the Mountains of the Eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Curve number method; Rainfall-runoff relationships; Forests; Mountains; Watersheds; Eastern United States; Annual maximum series; Median; Geometric mean; Nonlinear least squares; Asymptotic ID SOIL-MOISTURE; INDEX AB Engineers and hydrologists use the curve number method to estimate runoff from rainfall for different land use and soil conditions; however, large uncertainties occur for estimates from forested watersheds. This investigation evaluates the accuracy and consistency of the method using rainfall-runoff series from 10 small forested-mountainous watersheds in the eastern United States, eight annual maximum series from New Hampshire, West Virginia, and North Carolina, and two partial duration series from Georgia. These series are the basis to compare tabulated curve numbers with values estimated using five methods. For nine of 10 watersheds, tabulated curve numbers do not accurately estimate runoff. One source of the large uncertainty is a consistent decrease in storm-event curve numbers with increasing rainfall. A calibrated constant curve number is suitable for only two of 10 watersheds; the others require a variable watershed curve number associated with different magnitude rainfalls or probabilities of occurrence. Paired watersheds provide consistent curve numbers, indicating that regional values for forested-mountainous watersheds (locally calibrated and adjusted for storm frequency) may be feasible. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000436. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [McCutcheon, Steven C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Tedela, Negussie H.] Bur Land Management, US Dept Interior, Monte Vista, CO 81144 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd C.; Jackson, C. Rhett] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hawkins, Richard H.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Swank, Wayne T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03262 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Tollner, Ernest W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP McCutcheon, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Steven.C.McCutcheon@gmail.com OI Jackson, C. Rhett/0000-0001-6165-3556; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 FU West Virginia Division of Forestry; U.S. Geological Survey through the Georgia Water Resources Institute; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources FX Financial assistance provided by the West Virginia Division of Forestry, the U.S. Geological Survey through the Georgia Water Resources Institute, and the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources. The following individuals assisted with obtaining watershed characteristics and event rainfall and runoff used in this study: Stephanie Laseter (USDA Forest Service Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory); Frederica Wood (USDA Forest Service Fernow Experimental Forest and Timber and Watershed Laboratory); Amey Bailey (USDA Forest Service Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest); and Josh Romeis (deceased, University of Georgia Etowah Research Project). The authors appreciated the review of this manuscript by Heather Golden (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) and the anonymous reviewers and editors of this journal. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described in this paper. The Agency reviewed and approved this paper for publication. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 22 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 17 IS 11 SI SI BP 1188 EP 1198 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000436 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 059NP UT WOS:000312712500006 ER PT J AU Tedela, NH McCutcheon, SC Campbell, JL Swank, WT Adams, MB Rasmussen, TC AF Tedela, Negussie H. McCutcheon, Steven C. Campbell, John L. Swank, Wayne T. Adams, Mary Beth Rasmussen, Todd C. TI Curve Numbers for Nine Mountainous Eastern United States Watersheds: Seasonal Variation and Forest Cutting SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Seasonal variations; Rainfall-runoff relationships; Watersheds; Forests; Runoff; Logging; Mountains; Curve number ID YIELD AB Many engineers and hydrologists use the curve number method to estimate runoff from ungaged watersheds; however, the method does not explicitly account for the influence of season or forest cutting on runoff. This study of observed rainfall and runoff for small, forested watersheds that span the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States showed that curve numbers calibrated for the growing season tended to be smaller than for the dormant season. Forest cutting tended to increase curve numbers. However, the increase in water yield following forest cutting on these watersheds only lasted 1 year to 11 years, thereby limiting the precision of the curve numbers estimated for these brief hydrologic effect periods. This study highlights the need to account for seasonal and forest cutting when estimating runoff from some forested watersheds. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000437. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [McCutcheon, Steven C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Tedela, Negussie H.] Bur Land Management, US Dept Interior, Monte Vista, CO 81144 USA. [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03262 USA. [Swank, Wayne T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd C.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP McCutcheon, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mccutcheon.steven@epa.gov OI Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 FU West Virginia Division of Forestry; U.S. Geological Survey through the Georgia Water Resources Institute; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia FX Financial assistance provided by the West Virginia Division of Forestry, the U.S. Geological Survey through the Georgia Water Resources Institute, and the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia. Richard Hawkins of the University of Arizona, Tucson, reviewed this note and provided insightful background and guidance on the use, interpretation, and limitations of the curve number method. The observed watershed characteristics and rainfall-runoff series required for this study were provided by Stephanie Laseter with the USDA Forest Service Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory; Frederica Wood with the USDA Forest Service Fernow Experimental Forest; Amey Bailey with the USDA Forest Service Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest; and Josh Romeis (deceased) and Rhett Jackson with the University of Georgia Etowah Research Project. The reviews and comments by Rhett Jackson and Bill Tollner of the University of Georgia, Chris Knightes of the U.S. EPA, and the anonymous reviewers and editors of this journal are appreciated. The U.S. EPA reviewed and approved this paper for publication. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 17 IS 11 SI SI BP 1199 EP 1203 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000437 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 059NP UT WOS:000312712500007 ER PT J AU Williams, JR Kannan, N Wang, X Santhi, C Arnold, JG AF Williams, J. R. Kannan, N. Wang, X. Santhi, C. Arnold, J. G. TI Evolution of the SCS Runoff Curve Number Method and Its Application to Continuous Runoff Simulation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Curve number; Shallow soil; Index; Soil moisture; CN; APEX; SWAT; Hydrology ID MODEL; EVAPORATION; MOISTURE AB The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) [previously Soil Conservation Service (SCS)] developed the SCS runoff curve-number (CN) method for estimating direct runoff from storm rainfall. The NRCS uses the CN method for designing structures and for evaluating their effectiveness. Structural design is usually based on a single event of a certain probability of occurrence. During the years when many floodwater-retarding watershed projects were planned and constructed (1950-1980), the CN equation was used in a continuous mode to evaluate the projects. To operate CN in a continuous mode, runoff was estimated from a daily rainfall record of approximately 30 years. For each day of recorded rainfall, the five-day antecedent rainfall was used to assign a CN1 (dry condition), CN2 (average condition), or CN3 (wet condition), and runoff was estimated with the appropriate CN. With the development of continuous hydrologic simulation models, CN was related directly to soil water content or estimated using rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) to drive an index. Several methods were attempted and used with different degrees of success over a period of many years. The purpose of this study is to describe the evolution of the continuous CN method and its recent developments. Test results on the basis of the direct-link soil-moisture approach and the revised soil-moisture index method are presented for demonstration purposes. The results indicate that the revised soil-moisture index method is robust and produces realistic runoff estimates over a wide range of soil properties. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000529. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Williams, J. R.; Kannan, N.; Wang, X.; Santhi, C.] Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Arnold, J. G.] ARS, USDA, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Kannan, N (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jwilliams@brc.tamus.edu; nkannan@brc.tamus.edu; swang@brc.tamus.edu; csanthi@brc.tamus.edu; Jeff.Arnold@ars.udsda.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 43 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 17 IS 11 SI SI BP 1221 EP 1229 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000529 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 059NP UT WOS:000312712500009 ER PT J AU French, AN Hunsaker, DJ Clarke, TR AF French, A. N. Hunsaker, D. J. Clarke, T. R. TI Forecasting Spatially Distributed Cotton Evapotranspiration by Assimilating Remotely Sensed and Ground-Based Observations SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Remote sensing; Thermal infrared; Cotton; Maricopa; Arizona; Energy balance ID ENERGY-BALANCE; VEGETATION INDEXES; ESTIMATING SOIL; HEAT-FLUX; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; COEFFICIENTS; CALIBRATION; SYSTEMS AB Estimation of spatially distributed evapotranspiration (ET) with remote sensing could be especially valuable for developing water management tools in arid lands. For decision support over irrigated crops, these spatial ET estimates also depend on good spatial resolution (< 30 m) at timely intervals, which for practical operations means no less frequent than approximately 5 days. For a variety of reasons, current remote sensing platforms usually cannot meet these needs. Commonly, overpass frequencies are no better than 16 days and sometimes are much worse considering cloudy skies. One way to reduce this problem is to develop an ET estimation approach that utilizes both remotely sensed data and ground-based observations. By combining episodic spatially distributed data with temporally continuous point observations, it could be feasible to provide continuous ET estimates that are better than can be achieved with either technique alone. Using data from a remote sensing irrigation scheduling experiment over cotton, conducted in 2003 at Maricopa, Arizona, an ET modeling approach was developed that used airborne images of vegetation indices (NDVI) and land surface temperatures (LST) along with ground-based thermal infrared radiometry and meteorology. Fractional vegetative cover were forecast from NDVI at daily time steps using a linear Kalman filter consisting of prior data, cumulative heat units, and spatially oriented beta distribution functions. LST were forecast hourly using a diurnal temperature model and a linear cover/LST estimator. ET accuracies derived from using these data as inputs to a surface energy balance model showed good agreement with independent ET estimates determined from 5-day soil depletion observations. Increased ET attributable to increased crop water use and irrigation applications were reflected in model outputs, and sometimes agreement was within 10% of independently observed soil moisture depletion data sets. These results indicated that combining remote sensing and ground-based data sets could be a feasible way to estimate ET at field-scales at daily time steps. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000501. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [French, A. N.; Hunsaker, D. J.; Clarke, T. R.] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP French, AN (reprint author), ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM andrew.french@ars.usda.gov RI French, Andrew/M-4734-2014 OI French, Andrew/0000-0002-4018-1817 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 23 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 EI 1943-4774 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV PY 2012 VL 138 IS 11 BP 984 EP 992 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000501 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 059SK UT WOS:000312725400005 ER PT J AU Brito, A Hertrampf, E Olivares, M Gaitan, D Sanchez, H Allen, LH Uauy, R AF Brito, Alex Hertrampf, Eva Olivares, Manuel Gaitan, Diego Sanchez, Hugo Allen, Lindsay H. Uauy, Ricardo TI Folate, vitamin B-12 and human health SO REVISTA MEDICA DE CHILE LA Spanish DT Review DE Folic acid; Micronutrients; Vitamin B-12 ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; FOLIC-ACID; ANEMIA; PREVENTION; HOLOTRANSCOBALAMIN; TRANSPORTERS; HOMOCYSTEINE; PREVALENCE; ABSORPTION AB Folate, vitamin B-12 and human health During the past decade the role of folate and vitamin B-12 in human nutrition have been under constant re-examination. Basic knowledge on the metabolism and interactions between these essential nutrients has expanded and multiple complexities have been unraveled. These micronutrients have shared functions and intertwined metabolic pathways that define the size of the "methyl donor" pool utilized in multiple metabolic pathways; these include DNA methylation and synthesis of nucleic acids. In Chile, folate deficiency is virtually nonexistent, while vitamin B-12 deficiency affects approximately 8.5-51% depending on the cut-off value used to define deficiency. Folate is found naturally mainly in vegetables or added as folic acid to staple foods. Vitamin B-12 in its natural form is present only in foods of animal origin, which is why deficit is more common among strict vegetarians and populations with a low intake of animal foods. Poor folate status in vulnerable women of childbearing age increases the risk of neural tube birth defects, so the critical time for the contribution of folic acid is several months before conception since neural tube closure occurs during the first weeks of life. The absorption of vitamin B-12 from food is lower in older adults, who are considered to have higher risk of gastric mucosa atrophy, altered production of intrinsic factor and acid secretion. Deficiency of these vitamins is associated with hematological disorders. Vitamin B-12 deficiency can also induce clinical and sub-clinical neurological and of other disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on recent advances in the basic and applied knowledge of these vitamins relative to human health. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 1464-1475). C1 [Brito, Alex; Hertrampf, Eva; Olivares, Manuel; Gaitan, Diego] Univ Chile, INTA, Lab Micronutrientes, Santiago, Chile. [Gaitan, Diego] Univ Antioquia, Grp Invest Alimentac & Nutr Humana, Medellin, Colombia. [Sanchez, Hugo; Uauy, Ricardo] Univ Chile, INTA, Unidad Salud Publ & Nutr, Santiago, Chile. [Allen, Lindsay H.] Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Uauy, Ricardo] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Dept Nutr & Publ Hlth Intervent Res, London WC1, England. [Brito, Alex] Univ Calif Davis, INTA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brito, Alex] Univ Calif Davis, GGNB, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Allen, Lindsay H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brito, A (reprint author), Univ Chile, INTA, Lab Micronutrientes, Av Libano 5524, Santiago, Chile. EM abrito@inta.uchile.cl RI Olivares, Manuel/I-1876-2013; Brito, Alex/I-2858-2013 OI Olivares, Manuel/0000-0002-1716-7697; Brito, Alex/0000-0002-6212-8814 NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 45 PU SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO PI SANTIAGO 9 PA BERNARDA MORIN 488 PROVIDENCIA, CASILLA 168 CORREO 55, SANTIAGO 9, 00000, CHILE SN 0034-9887 J9 REV MED CHILE JI Rev. Medica Chile PD NOV PY 2012 VL 140 IS 11 BP 1464 EP 1475 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 058HZ UT WOS:000312626000014 PM 23677195 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Harvey, RB Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, Todd R. Edrington, T. S. Harvey, Roger B. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Prebiotics in food animals, a potential to reduce foodborne pathogens and disease SO ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BROILER-CHICKENS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; SALMONELLA INFECTION; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GUT MICROBIOTA; WEANED PIGS AB Animals can be seriously impacted by bacterial pathogens that affect their growth efficiency and overall health, as well as food safety of animal derived products. Some pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella, can be a shared problem for both human and animal health, and can be found in many animal species. A fully-mature ecosystem (the intestinal tract) occupies all environmental niches and utilizes nearly all available nutrients, which tends to exclude pathogenic bacteria from the complex gastrointestinal microbial population. Utilization of this native or artificially-introduced microflora population to improve animal health and productivity has been termed a "probiotic", or competitive enhancement strategy. Advantages of harnessing the natural microbial ecosystem against the pathogens include ease of application and low economic and labor costs, and the use of a native microbial population to reduce transient pathogens is seen as a "natural" strategy. In this review, we will focus on the use of prebiotics and discuss the theory behind these compounds and their benefits, and challenges for future implementation in food animals. C1 [Callaway, Todd R.; Edrington, T. S.; Harvey, Roger B.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM todd.callaway@ars.usda.gov NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU ARS DOCENDI PI BUCHAREST PA SOS PANDURI 90, SECT 5, BUCHAREST, RO-050663, ROMANIA SN 1224-5984 J9 ROM BIOTECH LETT JI Rom. Biotech. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 17 IS 6 BP 7808 EP 7816 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 060SC UT WOS:000312797400011 ER PT J AU Lirangi, M Meydani, M Zingg, JM Azzi, A AF Lirangi, Melania Meydani, Mohsen Zingg, Jean Marc Azzi, Angelo TI a-tocopheryl-phosphate regulation of gene expression in preadipocytes and adipocytes SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article DE a-tocopheryl phosphate; a-tocopherol; gene transcription; REDD-1; DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4; TRB3; tribbles homolog 3; Sestrin-2; insulin-induced gene 1; INSIG1; adipocytes ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-E; MOLECULAR-MECHANISM; FATTY-ACIDS; MODULATION; DIFFERENTIATION; INSIG-1; MEMBRANE AB A correct function of adipocytes in connection with cellular fatty acid loading and release is a vital aspect of energy homeostasis; dysregulation of these reactions can result in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, adipocytes have been proposed to play a major role in preventing lipotoxicity by removing excess fatty acids from the circulation and converting them into triglycerides and thus decreasing the exposure of other cells to their potentially harmful effects. We report here that the addition of a-tocopheryl phosphate (but not a-tocopherol) to NIH3T3-L1 preadipocytes transcriptionally activates a set of genes TRB3 (Tribbles Homolog 3), Sestrin-2 (SESN2), and Insulin-Induced Gene 1 (INSIG1)] potentially preventing fat accumulation in these cells. In contrast, in differentiated adipocytes, a-tocopheryl phosphate is responsible for the transcriptional inhibition of the same genes, possibly facilitating fat uptake and storage. In conclusion, it appears that in proliferating preadipocytes a-tocopheryl phosphate foils fat accumulation, whereas in adipocytes it enhances it. These processes may be relevant in the regulation of excess fat accumulation and in prevention of lipotoxicity. (C) 2012 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. C1 [Meydani, Mohsen; Zingg, Jean Marc; Azzi, Angelo] Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lirangi, Melania] Univ Campus Biomed, Lab Biochim Chim & Nutr, Rome, Italy. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jean-marc.zingg@tufts.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-0-014] FX This work was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Contract Agreement No. 58-1950-0-014. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 38 IS 6 BP 450 EP 457 DI 10.1002/biof.1051 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 056YN UT WOS:000312528300008 PM 23047815 ER PT J AU Endelman, JB Jannink, JL AF Endelman, Jeffrey B. Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Shrinkage Estimation of the Realized Relationship Matrix SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE realized relationship matrix; genomic selection; breeding value prediction; shrinkage estimation; GenPred; Shared Data Resources ID GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; SELECTION; MAIZE AB The additive relationship matrix plays an important role in mixed model prediction of breeding values. For genotype matrix X (loci in columns), the product XX' is widely used as a realized relationship matrix, but the scaling of this matrix is ambiguous. Our first objective was to derive a proper scaling such that the mean diagonal element equals 1+f, where f is the inbreeding coefficient of the current population. The result is a formula involving the covariance matrix for sampling genomic loci, which must be estimated with markers. Our second objective was to investigate whether shrinkage estimation of this covariance matrix can improve the accuracy of breeding value (GEBV) predictions with low-density markers. Using an analytical formula for shrinkage intensity that is optimal with respect to mean-squared error, simulations revealed that shrinkage can significantly increase GEBV accuracy in unstructured populations, but only for phenotyped lines; there was no benefit for unphenotyped lines. The accuracy gain from shrinkage increased with heritability, but at high heritability (>0.6) this benefit was irrelevant because phenotypic accuracy was comparable. These trends were confirmed in a commercial pig population with progeny-test-estimated breeding values. For an anonymous trait where phenotypic accuracy was 0.58, shrinkage increased the average GEBV accuracy from 0.56 to 0.62 (SE<0.00) when using random sets of 384 markers from a 60K array. We conclude that when moderate-accuracy phenotypes and low-density markers are available for the candidates of genomic selection, shrinkage estimation of the relationship matrix can improve genetic gain. C1 [Endelman, Jeffrey B.; Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Endelman, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM j.endelman@gmail.com FU USDA-ARS; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX Support for this research was provided by the USDA-ARS and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 17 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 2 IS 11 BP 1405 EP 1413 DI 10.1534/g3.112.004259 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 055ZQ UT WOS:000312457000012 PM 23173092 ER PT J AU Windhausen, VS Atlin, GN Hickey, JM Crossa, J Jannink, JL Sorrells, ME Raman, B Cairns, JE Tarekegne, A Semagn, K Beyene, Y Grudloyma, P Technow, F Riedelsheimer, C Melchinger, AE AF Windhausen, Vanessa S. Atlin, Gary N. Hickey, John M. Crossa, Jose Jannink, Jean-Luc Sorrells, Mark E. Raman, Babu Cairns, Jill E. Tarekegne, Amsal Semagn, Kassa Beyene, Yoseph Grudloyma, Pichet Technow, Frank Riedelsheimer, Christian Melchinger, Albrecht E. TI Effectiveness of Genomic Prediction of Maize Hybrid Performance in Different Breeding Populations and Environments SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DENSE MOLECULAR MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; GENOMEWIDE SELECTION; GENETIC VALUES; COMPLEX TRAITS; PEDIGREE; IMPROVEMENT; REGRESSION; ACCURACY; MODELS AB Genomic prediction is expected to considerably increase genetic gains by increasing selection intensity and accelerating the breeding cycle. In this study, marker effects estimated in 255 diverse maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids were used to predict grain yield, anthesis date, and anthesis-silking interval within the diversity panel and testcross progenies of 30 F-2-derived lines from each of five populations. Although up to 25% of the genetic variance could be explained by cross validation within the diversity panel, the prediction of testcross performance of F2-derived lines using marker effects estimated in the diversity panel was on average zero. Hybrids in the diversity panel could be grouped into eight breeding populations differing in mean performance. When performance was predicted separately for each breeding population on the basis of marker effects estimated in the other populations, predictive ability was low (i.e., 0.12 for grain yield). These results suggest that prediction resulted mostly from differences in mean performance of the breeding populations and less from the relationship between the training and validation sets or linkage disequilibrium with causal variants underlying the predicted traits. Potential uses for genomic prediction in maize hybrid breeding are discussed emphasizing the need of (1) a clear definition of the breeding scenario in which genomic prediction should be applied (i.e., prediction among or within populations), (2) a detailed analysis of the population structure before performing cross validation, and (3) larger training sets with strong genetic relationship to the validation set. C1 [Windhausen, Vanessa S.; Technow, Frank; Riedelsheimer, Christian; Melchinger, Albrecht E.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Atlin, Gary N.; Hickey, John M.; Crossa, Jose; Raman, Babu; Cairns, Jill E.; Tarekegne, Amsal; Semagn, Kassa; Beyene, Yoseph] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, El Batan 56130, Mexico. [Jannink, Jean-Luc; Sorrells, Mark E.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jannink, Jean-Luc; Sorrells, Mark E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Grudloyma, Pichet] Nakhon Sawan Field Crops Res Ctr, Nakhon Sawan 60190, Thailand. RP Melchinger, AE (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, Fruwirthstr 21, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. EM melchinger@uni-hohenheim.de OI Semagn, Kassa/0000-0001-6486-5685; Crossa, Jose/0000-0001-9429-5855 FU Rockefeller Foundation; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Bundesministerium fur wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) [08.78603-001.00] FX We thank all collaborators involved in conducting the trials. Also, we thank H. F. Utz and T. Schrag for their help during the statistical analysis. This study was supported in part by the Rockefeller Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through the drought-tolerant maize for Africa (DTMA) and water-efficient maize for Africa (WEMA) projects, and the Bundesministerium fur wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) 08.78603-001.00 research project. NR 44 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 59 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 2 IS 11 BP 1427 EP 1436 DI 10.1534/g3.112.003699 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 055ZQ UT WOS:000312457000014 PM 23173094 ER PT J AU Yoo, SH Lee, BH Lee, H Lee, S Bae, IY Lee, HG Fishman, ML Chau, HK Savary, BJ Hotchkiss, AT AF Yoo, Sang-Ho Lee, Byeong-Hoo Lee, Heungsook Lee, Suyong Bae, In Young Lee, Hyeon Gyu Fishman, Marshall L. Chau, Hoa K. Savary, Brett J. Hotchkiss, Arland T., Jr. TI Structural Characteristics of Pumpkin Pectin Extracted by Microwave Heating SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE intrinsic viscosity; microwave extraction; molecular weight; pumpkin pectin ID PLANT-CELL-WALLS; SUGAR-BEET PULP; RHAMNOGALACTURONAN-II; IN-VITRO; POLYSACCHARIDES; CHAINS; FORMS; ESTER AB To improve extraction yield of pumpkin pectin, microwave heating was adopted in this study. Using hot acid extraction, pumpkin pectin yield decreased from 5.7% to 1.0% as pH increased from pH 1.0 to 2.0. At pH 2.5, no pectin was recovered from pumpkin flesh powder. After a pretreatment at pH 1.0 and 25 degrees C for 1 h, pumpkin powder was microwave-extracted at 120 degrees C for 3 min resulting in 10.5% of pectin yield. However, premicrowave treatment at 60 degrees C for 20 min did not improve extraction yield. When microwave heating at 80 degrees C for 10 min was applied after premicrowave treatment, final pectin yield increased to 11.3%. When pH was adjusted to 2.0, the yield dropped to 7.7% under the same extraction conditions. Molecular shape and properties as well as chemical composition of pumpkin pectin were significantly affected depending on extraction methods. Galacturonic acid content (51% to 58%) of pumpkin pectin was lower than that detected in commercial acid-extracted citrus pectin, while higher content of neutral sugars and acetyl esters existed in pumpkin pectin structure. Molecular weight (M-w) and intrinsic viscosity (eta(w)) determined for microwave-extracted pumpkin pectins were substantially lower than acid-extracted pectin, whereas polydispersity was greater. However, microwave-extracted pectin at pH 2.0 had more than 5 times greater M-w than did the pectin extracted at pH 1.0. The eta(w) of microwave-extracted pectin produced at pH 2.0 was almost twice that of other microwave-extracted pectins, which were comparable to that of acid-extracted pectin. These results indicate that extraction yield of pumpkin pectin would be improved by microwave extraction and different pectin structure and properties can be obtained compared to acid extraction. C1 [Yoo, Sang-Ho; Lee, Byeong-Hoo; Lee, Heungsook; Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Yoo, Sang-Ho; Lee, Byeong-Hoo; Lee, Heungsook; Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Carbohydrate Bioprod Res Ctr, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Bae, In Young; Lee, Hyeon Gyu] Hanyang Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Fishman, Marshall L.; Chau, Hoa K.; Savary, Brett J.; Hotchkiss, Arland T., Jr.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yoo, SH (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 98 Gunja Dong, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM shyoo@sejong.ac.kr FU On-Site Co-operative Agriculture Research Project, RDA, Republic of Korea [200712A01033180] FX The study was carried out with the support of On-Site Co-operative Agriculture Research Project (Nr. 200712A01033180), RDA, Republic of Korea. We thank Andre White for his technical assistance. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 77 IS 11 BP C1169 EP C1173 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02960.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 057GX UT WOS:000312552200031 PM 23106191 ER PT J AU Maloney, KP Truong, VD Allen, JC AF Maloney, Katherine P. Van-Den Truong Allen, Jonathan C. TI Chemical Optimization of Protein Extraction from Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Peel SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extraction; model; optimization; protein; sweet potato ID RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; TYPE-2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; ENZYME-INHIBITORS; STORAGE ROOTS; TARO TUBERS; L.; NITROGEN; SOLUBILITY; FRACTIONS AB Proteins isolated from sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) have been shown to possess antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties. The objective of this study was to chemically optimize a process for extracting proteins from sweet potato peel. The extraction procedure involved mixing peel with saline solvent to dissolve proteins and then precipitating with CaCl2. Quadratic and segmented models were used to determine the optimum NaCl concentration and peel to solvent ratio to maximize protein solubility while minimizing solvent usage. A segmented model was also used to optimize the concentration of CaCl2 used for precipitation. The highest yield was obtained by mixing blanched peelings with 59.7 mL of 0.025 mM NaCl per g peel and then precipitating with 6.8 mM CaCl2. The results of this study show that potentially valuable proteins can be extracted from peel generated during processing of sweet potatoes and industrial costs can be minimized by using these optimum conditions. C1 [Maloney, Katherine P.; Van-Den Truong; Allen, Jonathan C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Van-Den Truong] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Allen, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Jon_Allen@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Sweet Potato Commission; NC Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jason Osborne for his help with statistical modeling. Funding was provided by the North Carolina Sweet Potato Commission and a Fellowship for KPM from the NC Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 77 IS 11 BP E307 EP E312 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02921.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 057GX UT WOS:000312552200007 PM 23163903 ER PT J AU Li, L Valenzuela-Martinez, C Redondo, M Juneja, VK Burson, DE Thippareddi, H AF Li, Lin Valenzuela-Martinez, Carol Redondo, Mauricio Juneja, Vijay K. Burson, Dennis E. Thippareddi, Harshavardhan TI Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens Spore Germination and Outgrowth by Lemon Juice and Vinegar Product in Reduced NaCl Roast Beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abusive cooling; Clostridium perfringens; lemon juice; outgrowth; vinegar ID COOKED GROUND-BEEF; INJECTED PORK; GROWTH AB Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth in reduced sodium roast beef by a blend of buffered lemon juice concentrate and vinegar (MoStatin LV1) during abusive exponential cooling was evaluated. Roast beef containing salt (NaCl; 1%, 1.5%, or 2%, w/w), blend of sodium pyro- and poly-phosphates (0.3%), and MoStatin LV1 (0%, 2%, or 2.5%) was inoculated with a 3-strain C. perfringens spore cocktail to achieve final spore population of 2.5 to 3.0 log CFU/g. The inoculated products were heat treated and cooled exponentially from 54.4 to 4.4 degrees C within 6.5, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 21 h. Cooling of roast beef (2.0% NaCl) within 6.5 and 9 h resulted in <1.0 log CFU/g increase in C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth, whereas reducing the salt concentration to 1.5% and 1.0% resulted in >1.0 log CFU/g increase for cooling times longer than 9 h (1.1 and 2.2 log CFU/g, respectively). Incorporation of MoStatin LV1 into the roast beef formulation minimized the C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth to <1.0 log CFU/g, regardless of the salt concentration and the cooling time. C1 [Li, Lin; Valenzuela-Martinez, Carol; Redondo, Mauricio; Thippareddi, Harshavardhan] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Appl Food Safety Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, USDA, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Burson, Dennis E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Thippareddi, H (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Appl Food Safety Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM hthippareddi2@unl.edu NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 77 IS 11 BP M598 EP M603 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02922.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 057GX UT WOS:000312552200016 PM 23163907 ER PT J AU Hathorn, CS Sanders, TH AF Hathorn, Chellani S. Sanders, Timothy H. TI Flavor and Antioxidant Capacity of Peanut Paste and Peanut Butter Supplemented with Peanut Skins SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; descriptive sensory analysis; peanut; peanut butter; peanut skins ID DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS; ORAL ASTRINGENCY; BITTERNESS; PROCYANIDINS; RATS; PHENOLICS; WINE; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; TEMPERATURE; POLYPHENOLS AB Peanut skins (PS) are a good source of phenolic compounds. This study evaluated antioxidant properties and flavor of peanut paste and peanut butter enhanced with peanut skins. PS were added to both materials in concentrations of 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%, and 20.0% (w/w). PS, peanut paste, and peanut butter used in the study had initial total phenolics contents of 158, 12.9, and 14.1 mg GAE/g, respectively. Hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) of peanut skins was 189453 mu Mol Trolox/100 g and addition of 5% PS increased H-ORAC of peanut paste and peanut butter by 52% to 63%. Descriptive sensory analysis indicated that the addition of 1% PS did not change intensity of descriptors in the sensory profile of either peanut paste or peanut butter. Addition of 5% PS resulted in significant differences in woody, hulls, skins; bitter; and astringent descriptors and 10% PS addition resulted in significant differences in most attributes toward more negative flavor. C1 [Sanders, Timothy H.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, MQHRU,Dept Food, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, MQHRU,Dept Food, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim.sanders@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 77 IS 11 BP S407 EP S411 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02953.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 057GX UT WOS:000312552200015 PM 23057836 ER PT J AU Poland, JA Rife, TW AF Poland, Jesse A. Rife, Trevor W. TI Genotyping-by-Sequencing for Plant Breeding and Genetics SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Review ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; NEXT-GENERATION; SNP DISCOVERY; REDUCED REPRESENTATION; POLYMORPHISM DISCOVERY; RAD MARKERS; MAIZE; MAP; IDENTIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS AB Rapid advances in "next-generation" DNA sequencing technology have brought the US$1000 human (Homo sapiens) genome within reach while providing the raw sequencing output for researchers to revolutionize the way populations are genotyped. To capitalize on these advancements, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) has been developed as a rapid and robust approach for reduced-representation sequencing of multiplexed samples that combines genome-wide molecular marker discovery and genotyping. The flexibility and low cost of GBS makes this an excellent tool for many applications and research questions in plant genetics and breeding. Here we address some of the new research opportunities that are becoming more feasible with GBS. Furthermore, we highlight areas in which GBS will become more powerful with the continued increase of sequencing output, development of reference genomes, and improvement of bioinformatics. The ultimate goal of plant biology scientists is to connect phenotype to genotype. In plant breeding, the genotype can then be used to predict phenotypes and select improved cultivars. Furthering our understanding of the connection between heritable genetic factors and the resulting phenotypes will enable genomics-assisted breeding to exist on the scale needed to increase global food supplies in the face of decreasing arable land and climate change. C1 [Poland, Jesse A.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Poland, Jesse A.] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Poland, JA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jesse.poland@ars.usda.gov OI Rife, Trevor/0000-0002-5974-6523; Poland, Jesse/0000-0002-7856-1399 FU USDA-ARS [2011-68002-30029]; USDA-NIFA [2011-68002-30029] FX USDA-ARS and the USDA-NIFA funded Triticeae Coordinated Agriculture Project (T-CAP) (2011-68002-30029) provided support for T. Rife. This manuscript was greatly improved by the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 60 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 19 U2 301 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2012.05.0005 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VO UT WOS:000312663100002 ER PT J AU Poland, J Endelman, J Dawson, J Rutkoski, J Wu, SY Manes, Y Dreisigacker, S Crossa, J Sanchez-Villeda, H Sorrells, M Jannink, JL AF Poland, Jesse Endelman, Jeffrey Dawson, Julie Rutkoski, Jessica Wu, Shuangye Manes, Yann Dreisigacker, Susanne Crossa, Jose Sanchez-Villeda, Hector Sorrells, Mark Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Genomic Selection in Wheat Breeding using Genotyping-by-Sequencing SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID DENSE MOLECULAR MARKERS; ARRAYS TECHNOLOGY DART; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; GENETIC VALUES; PREDICTION; PEDIGREE; BARLEY AB Genomic selection (GS) uses genomewide molecular markers to predict breeding values and make selections of individuals or breeding lines prior to phenotyping. Here we show that genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) can be used for de novo genotyping of breeding panels and to develop accurate GS models, even for the large, complex, and polyploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome. With GBS we discovered 41,371 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a set of 254 advanced breeding lines from CIMMYT's semiarid wheat breeding program. Four different methods were evaluated for imputing missing marker scores in this set of unmapped markers, including random forest regression and a newly developed multivariate-normal expectation-maximization algorithm, which gave more accurate imputation than heterozygous or mean imputation at the marker level, although no significant differences were observed in the accuracy of genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBVs) among imputation methods. Genomic-estimated breeding value prediction accuracies with GBS were 0.28 to 0.45 for grain yield, an improvement of 0.1 to 0.2 over an established marker platform for wheat. Genotyping-by-sequencing combines marker discovery and genotyping of large populations, making it an excellent marker platform for breeding applications even in the absence of a reference genome sequence or previous polymorphism discovery. In addition, the flexibility and low cost of GBS make this an ideal approach for genomics-assisted breeding. C1 [Poland, Jesse] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Poland, Jesse; Wu, Shuangye] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Endelman, Jeffrey; Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dawson, Julie; Rutkoski, Jessica; Sorrells, Mark] Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Manes, Yann; Dreisigacker, Susanne; Crossa, Jose; Sanchez-Villeda, Hector] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Poland, J (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, 4011 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jesse.poland@ars.usda.gov OI Crossa, Jose/0000-0001-9429-5855; Rutkoski, Jessica/0000-0001-8435-4049; Poland, Jesse/0000-0002-7856-1399 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [5430-21000-006-00D]; USDA National Needs Fellowship [2008-38420-04755]; Triticeae-CAP USDA-NIFA-AFRI [2011-68002-30029]; Hatch project [149-449]; Australian Grains Research & Development Corporation; Kansas Wheat Alliance; Kansas State University; Cornell University FX The Cornell University Life Sciences Core Laboratory Center conducted Illumina sequencing for all of the materials. The Biochemistry core facility at KSU provided florescence plate reader for quantifying DNA plates. Funding for this research was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through a grant to Cornell University for "Genomic Selection: The next frontier for rapid gains in maize and wheat improvement" and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (Appropriation #5430-21000-006-00D). J. Rutkoski is supported through USDA National Needs Fellowship Grant 2008-38420-04755. This research was supported in part by Triticeae-CAP USDA-NIFA-AFRI grant 2011-68002-30029, Hatch project 149-449, Australian Grains Research & Development Corporation, Kansas Wheat Alliance, Kansas State University, and Cornell University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Contribution no. 13-079-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 29 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 15 U2 157 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2012.06.0006 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VO UT WOS:000312663100003 ER PT J AU Sukumaran, S Xiang, WW Bean, SR Pedersen, JF Kresovich, S Tuinstra, MR Tesso, TT Hamblin, MT Yu, JM AF Sukumaran, Sivakumar Xiang, Wenwen Bean, Scott R. Pedersen, Jeffrey F. Kresovich, Stephen Tuinstra, Mitchell R. Tesso, Tesfaye T. Hamblin, Martha T. Yu, Jianming TI Association Mapping for Grain Quality in a Diverse Sorghum Collection SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MAIZE KERNEL COMPOSITION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM; STARCH BIOSYNTHESIS; BICOLOR; CLASSIFICATION; MODEL; SIZE AB Knowledge of the genetic bases of grain quality traits will complement plant breeding efforts to improve the end-use value of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Candidate gene association mapping was used on a diverse panel of 300 sorghum accessions to assess marker-trait associations for 10 grain quality traits measured using the single kernel characterization system (SKCS) and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). The analysis of the accessions through 1290 genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) separated the panel into five subpopulations that corresponded to three major sorghum races (durra, kafir, and caudatum), one intermediate race (guinea-caudatum), and one working group (zerazera-caudatum). These subpopulations differed in kernel hardness, acid detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients. After model testing, association analysis between 333 SNPs in candidate genes and/or loci and grain quality traits resulted in eight significant marker-trait associations. A SNP in starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) gene was associated with kernel hardness (KH) with a likelihood ratio-based R-2 (R-LR(2)) value of 0.08, a SNP in starch synthase (SSIIb) gene was associated with starch content with an R-LR(2) value of 0.10, and a SNP in loci pSB1120 was associated with starch content with an R-LR(2) value of 0.09. C1 [Yu, Jianming] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Sukumaran, Sivakumar; Xiang, Wenwen; Tesso, Tesfaye T.; Yu, Jianming] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bean, Scott R.] USDA ARS, Grain Storage & Struct Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kresovich, Stephen] Univ S Carolina, Dep Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Tuinstra, Mitchell R.] Purdue Univ, Dep Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hamblin, Martha T.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Diversit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Yu, JM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jyu@ksu.edu OI Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099; Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094; Sukumaran, Sivakumar/0000-0003-4088-4624 FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-03587]; USDA-ARS; Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission; Kansas State University Center for Sorghum Improvement FX This work was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant (2011-03587) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the USDA-ARS, the Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission, and the Kansas State University Center for Sorghum Improvement. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be used. This is contribution number 12-463-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS. NR 70 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 35 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 126 EP 135 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2012.07.0016 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VO UT WOS:000312663100005 ER PT J AU Waldrip, HM He, ZQ Griffin, TS AF Waldrip, Heidi M. He, Zhongqi Griffin, Timothy S. TI Effects of Organic Dairy Manure on Soil Phosphatase Activity, Available Soil Phosphorus, and Growth of Sorghum-Sudangrass SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phosphatase; phosphorus availability; organic dairy manure; soil fertility; sudangrass ID ANIMAL MANURE; RHIZOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; WATER; FERTILIZERS; HYDROLYSIS; GRASSLAND; SYSTEMS; FORMS; ACID AB Organic dairy (OD) production is increasing in the Northeastern United States due to consumer demand. Some physicochemical properties of OD manure differ from conventional dairy (CD) manure, which could influence nutrient cycling and soil fertility differently when OD manure is applied as fertilizer to meet plant N demands. Effects of OD manure on activities of acid phosphomonoesterase (ACP), alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), phosphodiesterase (PDE), available soil phosphorus (P), and plant growth were investigated in a greenhouse study, where sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii) was fertilized with manures from 13 organic dairies in Maine, CD manure, or NH4NO3. Soil phosphatase activities and modified Morgan P were determined at planting and after 16 weeks of plant growth. Plant growth did not differ (P > 0.05) when fertilized with OD and CD manures or inorganic fertilizer. However, there was a wide range in growth with OD manure, which was negatively correlated to manure C: N and C: P (P < 0.05) ratios. After 16 weeks, OD manure amended soils had higher modified Morgan P than soils with inorganic fertilizer (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between OD and CD manured soils (P > 0.05). Of the three soil phosphatases, ACP activity was highest and increased with OD manure similarly to CD manure. There was a negative correlation (P < 0.01) between ACP activity and manure C: P ratio, suggesting that manure C content influences P cycling and may reduce P availability in soils amended with OD manure, in a manner similar to CD manure. C1 [Waldrip, Heidi M.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [He, Zhongqi] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Griffin, Timothy S.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Waldrip, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM heidi.waldrip@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 34 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 177 IS 11 BP 629 EP 637 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31827c4b78 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 057JJ UT WOS:000312559000001 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA West, LT Persaud, N AF Elrashidi, Moustafa A. West, Larry T. Persaud, Naraine TI Phosphorus Loss and Forms in Runoff From Watersheds in the Great Plains SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NRCS technique; phosphorus release characteristics; CN runoff equation; phosphorus and sediment loading ID AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; LAND AB Increasing P loss from soils caused by runoff has contributed to contamination of surface waters in the Great Plains. Knowledge of P forms in runoff is necessary to develop appropriate land management practices and reduce the impact of P on water resources. A 2-year study was conducted on the Roca watershed, located in Lancaster County, Nebraska. This watershed is part of the Great Salt Creek watershed, which is considered a representative of watersheds in the Northern Great Plains. The objectives were to apply the Natural Resources Conservation Service technique to (i) estimate P loss from soils by runoff, (ii) determine P forms in the runoff, and (iii) estimate P loading and impact on water quality in Salt Creek. The annual loss of P by runoff was estimated at 17.7 tons for 2009 and 22.1 tons for 2010. These losses could be considered as the annual P loadings into Salt Creek. The predicted average dissolved P concentration in the runoff was 532 and 464 mu g/L during 2009 and 2010, respectively. Most of the P measured in Salt Creek during the 2-year study was in the dissolved reactive (DRP) form (79%), and the remaining P was associated with suspended sediment, mainly in unreactive form (UP). The observed average DRP in stream water was 462 and 454 mu g/L for 2009 and 2010, respectively. For each year, the predicted DRP was within 1 S. D. of the observed value. The data supported the applicability of the Natural Resources Conservation Service technique to estimate soil P losses and the impact on surface waters in the Great Plains. C1 [Elrashidi, Moustafa A.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Persaud, Naraine] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM Moustafa.elrashidi@lin.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 177 IS 11 BP 638 EP 649 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3182787406 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 057JJ UT WOS:000312559000002 ER PT J AU Wood, TE Cavaleri, MA Reed, SC AF Wood, Tana E. Cavaleri, Molly A. Reed, Sasha C. TI Tropical forest carbon balance in a warmer world: a critical review spanning microbial- to ecosystem-scale processes SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE biogeochemical cycling; carbon flux; carbon stocks; climate change; ecosystem processes; global warming; temperature; temperature threshold; tipping point; tropical forest ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ROOT-RHIZOSPHERE RESPIRATION; BRAZILIAN RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; GLOBAL CHANGE; LEAF-LITTER; COSTA-RICA; CO2 EFFLUX; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION AB Tropical forests play a major role in regulating global carbon (C) fluxes and stocks, and even small changes to C cycling in this productive biome could dramatically affect atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Temperature is expected to increase over all land surfaces in the future, yet we have a surprisingly poor understanding of how tropical forests will respond to this significant climatic change. Here we present a contemporary synthesis of the existing data and what they suggest about how tropical forests will respond to increasing temperatures. Our goals were to: (i) determine whether there is enough evidence to support the conclusion that increased temperature will affect tropical forest C balance; (ii) if there is sufficient evidence, determine what direction this effect will take; and, (iii) establish what steps should to be taken to resolve the uncertainties surrounding tropical forest responses to increasing temperatures. We approach these questions from a mass-balance perspective and therefore focus primarily on the effects of temperature on inputs and outputs of C, spanning microbial- to ecosystem-scale responses. We found that, while there is the strong potential for temperature to affect processes related to C cycling and storage in tropical forests, a notable lack of data combined with the physical, biological and chemical diversity of the forests themselves make it difficult to resolve this issue with certainty. We suggest a variety of experimental approaches that could help elucidate how tropical forests will respond to warming, including large-scale in situ manipulation experiments, longer term field experiments, the incorporation of a range of scales in the investigation of warming effects (both spatial and temporal), as well as the inclusion of a diversity of tropical forest sites. Finally, we highlight areas of tropical forest research where notably few data are available, including temperature effects on: nutrient cycling, heterotrophic versus autotrophic respiration, thermal acclimation versus substrate limitation of plant and microbial communities, below-ground C allocation, species composition (plant and microbial), and the hydraulic architecture of roots. Whether or not tropical forests will become a source or a sink of C in a warmer world remains highly uncertain. Given the importance of these ecosystems to the global C budget, resolving this uncertainty is a primary research priority. C1 [Wood, Tana E.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Wood, Tana E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cavaleri, Molly A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Wood, TE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM wood.tana@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry FX We gratefully acknowledge M. G. Ryan, S.J. Van Bloem, A. E. Lugo, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and edits on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Support for this research was provided by the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry. NR 145 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 18 U2 219 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-7931 J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 87 IS 4 BP 912 EP 927 DI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00232.x PG 16 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 015AK UT WOS:000309416900010 PM 22607308 ER PT J AU Parshikov, IA Netrusov, AI Sutherland, JB AF Parshikov, Igor A. Netrusov, Alexander I. Sutherland, John B. TI Microbial transformation of antimalarial terpenoids SO BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES LA English DT Review DE Artemisinin; Biotransformation; Malaria; Plasmodium; Terpenes ID ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IN-VITRO; ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES; CUNNINGHAMELLA-ELEGANS; QINGHAOSU ARTEMISININ; PIMARANE DITERPENES; TRITERPENOID ACIDS; RESISTANT MALARIA; NATURAL-PRODUCTS AB The fungal and bacterial transformation of terpenoids derived from plant essential oils, especially the sesquiterpenoid artemisinin from Artemisia annua, has produced several new candidate drugs for the treatment of malaria. Obtaining new derivatives of terpenoids, including artemisinin derivatives with increased antimalarial activity, is an important goal of research in microbial biotechnology and medicinal chemistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Sutherland, John B.] USDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR USA. [Parshikov, Igor A.] First Moscow State Med Univ IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia. [Netrusov, Alexander I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. RP Sutherland, JB (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR USA. EM john.sutherland@fda.hhs.gov OI netrusov, alexander/0000-0002-2803-3037; Parshikov, Igor/0000-0003-1466-1128 NR 93 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-9750 EI 1873-1899 J9 BIOTECHNOL ADV JI Biotechnol. Adv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1516 EP 1523 DI 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.010 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 047RQ UT WOS:000311859100028 PM 22484051 ER PT J AU Baker, JM AF Baker, John M. TI Vegetative propagation of kura clover: A field-scale test SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Kura clover; vegetative propagation; sprigging; vegetative establishment ID LIVING MULCH; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; FORAGE QUALITY; CORN; ESTABLISHMENT; BALANCE; GROWTH; YIELD AB Baker, J. M. 2012. Vegetative propagation of kura clover: a field-scale test. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1245-1251. Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a potentially valuable forage legume, but it has been underutilized. A major reason is the difficulty of establishing it from seed. Since kura is rhizomatous, there have been attempts to propagate it vegetatively, but no reports of success at the field scale. Two harvesting methods were tested to transplant material from a mature 17-ha field to a newly tilled 17-ha field: a bermudagrass sprigger that harvests bare rhizome sprigs, and a potato digger that harvests crowns and rhizomes, along with soil. The harvested propagules were distributed over the new field in July 2010 with a manure spreader, then disked and packed. Survival and growth were observed for the remainder of 2010 and through 2011, and recovery of the source field was also monitored. The material harvested with the sprigger did not compete well with weeds and had virtually disappeared by midsummer 2011, but the material harvested with the potato digger thrived, steadily increasing to nearly 80% of the biomass in the new field by the 3rd cutting in summer 2011. Properly done, vegetative propagation is a viable option for kura clover establishment. C1 [Baker, John M.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Baker, John M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Baker, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1245 EP 1251 DI 10.4141/CJPS2012-014 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 054QY UT WOS:000312359500003 ER PT J AU Karuppanapandian, T Rhee, SJ Kim, EJ Han, BK Hoekenga, OA Lee, GP AF Karuppanapandian, T. Rhee, S-J. Kim, E-J. Han, B. K. Hoekenga, O. A. Lee, G. P. TI Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the roots of Columbia-0 and Landsberg erecta ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to aluminum-toxicity SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Acidic pH hydroponics; aluminum toxicity; Columbia-0; Landsberg erecta; matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry; proteomics ID ORGANIC-ACID EXUDATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; RICE LEAVES; CELL WALL; MALATE TRANSPORTER; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRESS-RESPONSE; WHEAT ROOTS; TOLERANCE; MECHANISMS AB Karuppanapandian, T., Rhee, S.-J., Kim, E.-J., Han, B. K., Hoekenga, O. A. and Lee, G. P. 2012. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the roots of Columbia-0 and Landsberg erecta ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to aluminum-toxicity. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1267-1282. Aluminum (Al) is phytotoxic when solubilized into Al3+ in acidic soils and represents a major constraint for crop production. The present study describes Al-stress responses in roots of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive Arabidopsis ecotypes, Columbia-0 (Col-0) and Landsberg erecta (Ler), respectively. Comparative proteomic analysis was applied to plants grown in hydroponic solution culture under acidic pH (4.2) conditions. To investigate time-dependent responses, 6-d-old seedlings were treated with 30 mu M AlCl3 for 24, 48, or 72 h; total proteins were prepared from roots and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). From 2-DE analysis, were 600 proteins were inspected, 29 proteins were differentially responsive to Al-treatment. The 2-DE patterns were compared and differentially expressed proteins identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Analysis of protein expression patterns revealed that a set of proteins is functionally associated with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis, reactive oxygen quenching and detoxification mechanism, and signal transduction pathways, etc., could play important roles in mediating plant response to Al in Arabidopsis ecotypes. Comparison of the changes in the protein profiles revealed that Al-stress increased Al-tolerance related proteins in Al-tolerant Col-0, but only generic stress responses occurred in Al-sensitive Ler. Specifically, Al up-regulated proteins such as alcohol dehydrogenase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran-2, and leucine aminopeptidase in Col-0 but not in Ler. C1 [Karuppanapandian, T.; Rhee, S-J.; Kim, E-J.; Han, B. K.; Lee, G. P.] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Integrat Plant Sci, Ansung 456756, South Korea. [Hoekenga, O. A.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lee, GP (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Integrat Plant Sci, Ansung 456756, South Korea. EM gplee@cau.ac.kr RI pandian, T. Karuppana/H-2897-2013 OI pandian, T. Karuppana/0000-0002-8576-2068 NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 34 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1267 EP 1282 DI 10.4141/CJPS2012-098 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 054QY UT WOS:000312359500007 ER PT J AU Salgado-Salazar, C Rossman, A Samuels, GJ Capdet, M Chaverri, P AF Salgado-Salazar, Catalina Rossman, Amy Samuels, Gary J. Capdet, Mariana Chaverri, Priscila TI Multigene phylogenetic analyses of the Thelonectria coronata and T. veuillotiana species complexes SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; fungi; homothallic; Hypocreales; Neonectria; phylogenetic analyses; species concept; taxonomy ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; GENEALOGICAL APPROACH; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; CRYPTIC SPECIATION; GENE GENEALOGIES; MIXED MODELS; RECOMBINATION; FUNGUS; EVOLUTIONARY; RECOGNITION AB Thelonectria is a recently established genus of common and ubiquitous fungi on woody hosts, previously placed in the genus Neonectria. Thelonectria coronata and T. veuillotiana occur sympatrically in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. Previous taxonomic studies including T. coronata and T veuillotiana suggested these fungi could represent species complexes; however, the morphological features used to define species exhibited few differences useful for testing this hypothesis. To assess the status of T. coronata and T. veuillotiana, phylogenetic analyses of six genomic regions were combined with a morphological examination of specimens. A multigene phylogeny reconstructed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches identified five phylogenetic groups in T. coronata and six in T. veuillotiana. As is common for cryptic species, unequivocal diagnostic morphological characters could not be identified; however, average values of morphological traits correspond to the phylogenetic groups. An increased number of non-synonymous/synonymous substitutions in the beta-tubulin gene and a decreased or absent production of conidia were detected within the T coronata complex, possibly indicating the homothallic nature of these isolates. T. caronata and T. veuillotiana and related species are described and illustrated here; a dichotomous key to all species is provided. C1 [Salgado-Salazar, Catalina; Chaverri, Priscila] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rossman, Amy; Samuels, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Capdet, Mariana] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Salgado-Salazar, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, 2112 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM salgadoc@umd.edu OI Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033; Salgado Salazar, Catalina/0000-0002-4156-692X FU United States National Science Foundation (PEET program) [DEB-0925696] FX This study was supported by a grant from United States National Science Foundation (PEET program) DEB-0925696: "Monographic Studies in the Nectriaceae, Hypocreales: Nectria, Cosmospora, and Neonectria" to University of Maryland (P. Chaverri, G.J. Samuels, A.Y. Rossman). We are indebted to CAB Institute for providing several culture collections. Dr Carlos Mendez (University of Costa Rica) provided help with transportation during collecting trips in Costa Rica, Dr Andrea Romero for her invaluable help during fieldwork in Argentina and Dr Yuuri Hirooka for providing cultures from several localities in Japan. We thank the reviewers of this paper for their constructive criticisms and comments. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1325 EP 1350 DI 10.3852/12-055 PG 26 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 054RO UT WOS:000312361100008 PM 22778168 ER PT J AU Du, XH Zhao, Q Yang, ZL Hansen, K Taskin, H Buyukalaca, S Dewsbury, D Moncalvo, JM Douhan, GW Robert, VARG Crous, PW Rehner, SA Rooney, AP Sink, S O'Donnell, K AF Du, Xi-Hui Zhao, Qi Yang, Zhu L. Hansen, Karen Taskin, Hatira Buyukalaca, Saadet Dewsbury, Damon Moncalvo, Jean-Marc Douhan, Greg W. Robert, Vincent A. R. G. Crous, Pedro W. Rehner, Stephen A. Rooney, Alejandro P. Sink, Stacy O'Donnell, Kerry TI How well do ITS rDNA sequences differentiate species of true morels (Morchella)? SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; biodiversity; biogeography; emerencia; GCPSR; GenBank; phylogeny; species limits ID DNA-SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; INTRAGENOMIC VARIATION; KINGDOM FUNGI; RIBOSOMAL DNA; DIVERSITY; FUSARIUM; IDENTIFICATION; DATABASES; RECOGNITION AB Arguably more mycophiles hunt true morels (Morchella) during their brief fruiting season each spring in the northern hemisphere than any other wild edible fungus. Concerns about overharvesting by individual collectors and commercial enterprises make it essential that science-based management practices and conservation policies are developed to ensure the sustainability of commercial harvests and to protect and preserve morel species diversity. Therefore, the primary objectives of the present study were to: (i) investigate the utility of the ITS rDNA locus for identifying Morchella species, using phylogenetic species previously inferred from multilocus DNA sequence data as a reference; and (ii) clarify insufficiently identified sequences and determine whether the named sequences in GenBank were identified correctly. To this end, we generated 553 Morchella ITS rDNA sequences and downloaded 312 additional ones generated by other researchers from GenBank using emerencia and analyzed them phylogenetically. Three major findings emerged: (i) ITS rDNA sequences were useful in identifying 48/62 (77.4%) of the known phylospecies; however, they failed to identify 12 of the 22 species within the species-rich Elata Subclade and two closely related species in the Esculenta Clacle; (ii) at least 66% of the named Morchella sequences in GenBank are misidentified; and (iii) ITS rDNA sequences of up to six putatively novel Morchella species were represented in GenBank. Recognizing the need for a dedicated Web-accessible reference database to facilitate the rapid identification of known and novel species, we constructed Morchella MLST (http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/morchella/), which can be queried with ITS rDNA sequences and those of the four other genes used in our prior multilocus molecular systematic studies of this charismatic genus. C1 [Sink, Stacy; O'Donnell, Kerry] USDA ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rooney, Alejandro P.] USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rehner, Stephen A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Robert, Vincent A. R. G.; Crous, Pedro W.] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Douhan, Greg W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Dewsbury, Damon; Moncalvo, Jean-Marc] Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Nat Hist, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [Dewsbury, Damon; Moncalvo, Jean-Marc] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [Taskin, Hatira; Buyukalaca, Saadet] Cukurova Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. [Hansen, Karen] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Du, Xi-Hui; Zhao, Qi; Yang, Zhu L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Du, Xi-Hui; Zhao, Qi; Yang, Zhu L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov RI Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012 OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB522300]; Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Yunnan provincial government [U0836604] FX Special thanks are due Muthane Orwig for processing DNA sequences in the NCAUR DNA core facility. The research visit of X.-H.D. to NCAUR in 2011 was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2009CB522300), the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Yunnan provincial government (No. U0836604). The mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 72 TC 12 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 48 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1351 EP 1368 DI 10.3852/12-056 PG 18 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 054RO UT WOS:000312361100009 PM 22802394 ER PT J AU Burdsall, HH Blackwell, M Nakasone, KK AF Burdsall, Harold H., Jr. Blackwell, Meredith Nakasone, Karen K. TI Robert Lee Gilbertson, 1925-2011 SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Biographical-Item DE memorial; mycology; wood-decaying fungi C1 [Nakasone, Karen K.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Blackwell, Meredith] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Nakasone, KK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM knakasone@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1521 EP 1524 DI 10.3852/12-118 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 054RO UT WOS:000312361100025 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Jabro, AD Fales, SL AF Jabro, Jay D. Jabro, Ann D. Fales, Steven L. TI Models Performance and Robustness for Simulating Drainage and Nitrate-Nitrogen Fluxes without Recalibration SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL CORE LYSIMETERS; MINERAL NITROGEN; LEACHING LOSSES; WATER DRAINAGE; PASTURE; URINE; CROP; FERTILIZATION; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND AB Intensively grazed pastures generate nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) contaminated groundwater creating grave environmental concern. Computer models simulate and forecast appropriate agricultural practices to reduce environmental impact. Model validation is an essential process in evaluation and field application of computer simulation models. The objectives of this study were to assess and compare robustness and performance of three models-LEACHM (Leaching Estimation and Chemistry Model), NCSWAP (Nitrogen and Carbon Cycling in Soil, Water, And Plant), and SOIL-SOILN-for simulating drainage flux and NO3-N leaching in an intense pasture system without recalibration. A 3-yr study was conducted on a Hagerstown silt loam to measure drainage and NO3-N fluxes below 1 m depth from N-fertilized orchardgrass (Dactyls glomerata L) using intact core lysimeters. Five N-fertilizer treatments were replicated five times in a randomized complete block experimental design. The models were validated under orchardgrass using soil, water, and N transformation rate parameters and C pools fractionation derived from a previous study conducted on similar soils under corn (Zea mays L.). The model efficiency (MEF) of drainage and NO3-N fluxes were 0.53, 0.69 for LEACHM; 0.75, 0.39 for NCSWAP; and 0.94, 0.91 for SOIL-SOILN. The models failed to produce reasonable simulations of drainage and NO3-N fluxes in January, February, and March due to limited water movement associated with frozen soil and snow accumulation and melt. The differences between simulated and measured NO3-N leaching and among models' performances may also be related to soil N and C transformation processes embedded in the models. Generally, the results demonstrate the potential of these three models to reasonably simulate annual and monthly drainage and NO3-N fluxes under the pasture system without recalibration. C1 [Jabro, Jay D.] USDA ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Jabro, Ann D.] Robert Morris Univ, Moon Township, PA 15108 USA. [Fales, Steven L.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jay.jabro@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1957 EP 1964 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0172 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 052EI UT WOS:000312180100004 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Gao, ZQ Horton, R Lenschow, DH Meng, K Jaynes, DB AF Wang, Linlin Gao, Zhiqiu Horton, Robert Lenschow, Donald H. Meng, Kai Jaynes, Dan B. TI An Analytical Solution to the One-Dimensional Heat Conduction-Convection Equation in Soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID APPARENT THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; POROUS-MEDIA; SURFACE; WATER AB Soil heat transfer occurs by conduction and convection. Soil temperatures below infiltrating water can provide a signal for water flux. In earlier work, analysis of field measurements with a sine wave model indicated that convection heat transfer made significant contributions to the subsurface temperature oscillations. In this work, we used a Fourier series to describe soil surface temperature variations with time. The conduction and convection heat transfer equation with a multi-sinusoidal wave boundary condition was solved analytically using a Fourier transformation. Soil temperature values calculated by the single sine wave model and by the Fourier series model were compared with field soil temperature values measured at depths of 0.1 and 0.3 m below an infiltrating ponded surface. The Fourier series model provided better estimates of observed field temperatures than the sine wave model. The new model provides a general way to describe soil temperature under an infiltrating water source. C1 [Horton, Robert] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Linlin; Gao, Zhiqiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zhiqiu] Nanjing Univ Informat Sciend & Technol, Sch Appl Meteorol, Jiangsu Key Lab Agr Meteorol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lenschow, Donald H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jaynes, Dan B.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rhorton@iastate.edu RI Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098 FU National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) [2010CB428502, 2012CB417203]; China Meteorological Administration Grant [GYHY201006024]; NSFC [40975009]; CAS Strategic Priority Research Program Grant [XDA05110101]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); National Science Foundation FX This study was supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) under Grants no. 2010CB428502 and 2012CB417203, by the China Meteorological Administration Grant GYHY201006024, by NSFC no. 40975009, by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program Grant XDA05110101, and by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We thank Dr. Mingan Shao for providing helpful comments. We are very grateful to four anonymous reviewers for their careful review and valuable comments, which led to substantial improvement of this manuscript. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1978 EP 1986 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0023N PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 052EI UT WOS:000312180100006 ER PT J AU Veum, KS Goyne, KW Kremer, R Motavalli, PP AF Veum, Kristen S. Goyne, Keith W. Kremer, Robert Motavalli, Peter P. TI Relationships Among Water Stable Aggregates and Organic Matter Fractions Under Conservation Management SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATIVE GRASSLAND SOILS; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; BULK-DENSITY; SAMPLE PRETREATMENT; CULTIVATED SOILS; CROPPING HISTORY; CLAYPAN SOILS; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; CARBON AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in soil aggregation, yet the exact nature of this relationship is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate relationships among field-moist and air-dried macroaggregate stability (WSA(FM) and WSA(AD), respectively), cold water-extractable organic C from whole soil and the particulate, adsorbed and occluded (PAO) fraction, and associated soil properties, (ii) compare properties of the PAO fraction to those of whole soil, and (iii) evaluate the effects of conservation management practices, including grass vegetative filter strips (VFS), agroforestry VFS, and no-till, plus landscape positions on these variables. Soil samples were collected in 2007 from an agroecosystem established on claypan soils located in Missouri. This study found that cold water-extractable organic C and aggregate-associated organic C were more highly correlated with WSA(AD) (r >= 0.74) than SOC, suggesting that these organic C fractions may play an important role in aggregate stability. In addition, less degraded water-extractable organic C (as indicated by a greater C/N ratio) was preferentially concentrated in the PAO fraction (C/N = 10.6) relative to whole soil (C/N = 4.2). Further, macroaggregation and accumulation of less degraded organic C (in solid and water-extracts) was enhanced under grass VFS and agroforestry VFS relative to no-till. Overall, this study found that macroaggregate stability, cold water-extractable organic C, and the PAO fraction served as effective early indicators of soil C change in the soil studied. C1 [Veum, Kristen S.; Goyne, Keith W.; Motavalli, Peter P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environ & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kremer, Robert] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Veum, KS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environ & Atmospher Sci, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM kristen.veum@ars.usda.gov FU University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry [58-6227-1-004, 58-6227-2-008, 58-6227-5-029]; USDA-ARS FX This work was partially funded through the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreements 58-6227-1-004, 58-6227-2-008 and 58-6227-5-029 with the USDA-ARS. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We thank both current and former faculty and staff of the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry and Greenley Memorial Research Center for developing and maintaining the experimental site. Gratitude is also expressed to staff at the University of Missouri Soil Characterization Lab for analytical assistance. NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 50 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 76 IS 6 BP 2143 EP 2153 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0089 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 052EI UT WOS:000312180100023 ER PT J AU Wingeyer, AB Walters, DT Drijber, RA Olk, DC Arkebauer, TJ Verma, SB Wedin, DA Francis, CA AF Wingeyer, Ana B. Walters, Daniel T. Drijber, Rhae A. Olk, Daniel C. Arkebauer, Timothy J. Verma, Shashi B. Wedin, David A. Francis, Charles A. TI Fall Conservation Deep Tillage Stabilizes Maize Residues into Soil Organic Matter SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL; OCCLUDED-PARTICULATE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON; FRACTIONS; DECOMPOSITION; MANAGEMENT; AGGREGATE; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS AB Efforts for increasing soil organic matter (SOM) content under agricultural systems have primarily focused on management practices that reduce exposure of SOM to decomposition via minimum tillage. We assess an alternative approach, termed "fall conservation deep tillage" (FCDT), to SOM stabilization through fall incorporation of crop residues into the soil profile together with N fertilizer. In an eastern Nebraska field under irrigated maize (Zea mays L.), we measured total soil C and N stocks on an equal soil mass basis (0- to 30-cm depth) and the composition of four SOM fractions after 14 yr of previous no-till management and 1, 2, and 3 yr after conversion to FCDT. After 3 yr of FCDT, redistribution of soil C, N, and soil organic matter fractions occurred within the soil profile; however, total soil C and N stocks remained unchanged. An increase in the soil-crop residue contact surface through FCDT increased free light fraction by 170% in deeper strata in the soil profile. Change from no-till to FCDT led to initial reduction of C and N stocks as mobile and calcium bound humic acid fractions after 1 yr of tillage, suggesting enhanced decomposition and/or condensation. By the second and third years of FCDT, stabilization of crop residues into these humified fractions was significant. The trends observed after 3 yr of FCDT at field-scale match prior plot-scale experiments from the same region and suggest that a positive balance of soil C and N accrual and loss may be achieved by enhancing the soil-residue contact surface in these soils. C1 [Wingeyer, Ana B.; Walters, Daniel T.; Drijber, Rhae A.; Arkebauer, Timothy J.; Francis, Charles A.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Olk, Daniel C.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Verma, Shashi B.; Wedin, David A.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Drijber, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dep Agron & Hort, 202 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rdrijber1@unl.edu OI Wingeyer, Ana/0000-0001-5579-9532 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER63639]; University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division FX The research discussed here was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy grant no. DE-FG02-03ER63639 and the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 33 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 76 IS 6 BP 2154 EP 2163 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0121 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 052EI UT WOS:000312180100024 ER PT J AU Graham, RC Hubbert, KR AF Graham, Robert C. Hubbert, Kenneth R. TI Comment on "Soil Moisture Response to Snowmelt and Rainfall in a Sierra Nevada Mixed-Conifer Forest" SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID WEATHERED GRANITIC BEDROCK; ARCTOSTAPHYLOS-PATULA; PINUS-JEFFREYI; WATER STATUS; CALIFORNIA; ROCK C1 [Graham, Robert C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hubbert, Kenneth R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Graham, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM robert.graham@ucr.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 30 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 11 IS 4 DI 10.2136/vzj2012.0004 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 050VI UT WOS:000312082000033 ER PT J AU Hopmans, JW Bales, RC O'Geen, AT Hunsaker, CT Beaudette, D Hartsough, PC Malazian, A Kirchner, P Meadows, M AF Hopmans, Jan W. Bales, R. C. O'Geen, A. T. Hunsaker, C. T. Beaudette, D. Hartsough, P. C. Malazian, A. Kirchner, P. Meadows, M. TI Response to "Comment on 'Soil Moisture Response to Snowmelt and Rainfall in a Sierra Nevada Mixed-Conifer Forest'" SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hopmans, Jan W.; O'Geen, A. T.; Beaudette, D.; Hartsough, P. C.; Malazian, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bales, R. C.; Kirchner, P.; Meadows, M.] Univ Calif Merced, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA USA. [Hunsaker, C. T.] USFS Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, CA USA. RP Hopmans, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dep Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jwhopmans@ucdavis.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 11 IS 4 DI 10.2136/vzj2012.0004r PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 050VI UT WOS:000312082000034 ER PT J AU Vanderlinden, K Vereecken, H Hardelauf, H Herbst, M Martinez, G Cosh, MH Pachepsky, YA AF Vanderlinden, Karl Vereecken, Harry Hardelauf, Horst Herbst, Michael Martinez, Gonzalo Cosh, Michael H. Pachepsky, Yakov A. TI Temporal Stability of Soil Water Contents: A Review of Data and Analyses SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FIELD-SCALE; MOISTURE VARIABILITY; HUMMOCKY LANDSCAPE; TIME STABILITY; NEUTRON PROBE; EOF ANALYSIS; STORAGE; PERSISTENCE AB Temporal stability (TS) of soil water content (SWC) has been observed throughout a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Yet, the evidence with respect to the controlling factors on TS SWC remains contradictory or nonexistent. The objective of this work was to develop the first comprehensive review of methodologies to evaluate TS SWC and to present and analyze an inventory of published data. Statistical analysis of mean relative difference (MRD) data and associated standard deviations (SDRD) from 157 graphs in 37 publications showed a trend for the standard deviation of MRD (SDMRD) to increase with scale, as expected. The MRD followed generally the Gaussian distribution with R-2 ranging from 0.841 to 0.998. No relationship between SDMRD and R-2 was observed. The smallest R-2 values were mostly found for negatively skewed and platykurtic MRD distributions. A new statistical model for temporally stable SWC fields was proposed. The analysis of the published data on seven measurement-, terrain-, and climate-related potentially controlling factors of TS SWC suggested intertwined effects of controlling factors rather than single dominant factors. This calls for a focused research effort on the interactions and effects of measurement design, topography, soil, vegetation and climate on TS SWC. Research avenues are proposed which will lead to a better understanding of the TS phenomenon and ultimately to the identification of the underlying mechanisms. C1 [Pachepsky, Yakov A.] ARS, USDA, EMFSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vanderlinden, Karl] Ctr Las Torres Tomejil, IFAPA, Alcala Del Rio 41200, Spain. [Vereecken, Harry; Hardelauf, Horst; Herbst, Michael] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Bio & Geosci, Agrosphere IBG 3, D-52428 Julich, Germany. [Martinez, Gonzalo] Univ Cordoba, Dep Agron, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Cosh, Michael H.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, EMFSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov RI Martinez Garcia, Gonzalo/E-3069-2013; Vanderlinden, Karl/B-5410-2008; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; OI Martinez Garcia, Gonzalo/0000-0001-5575-9397; Vanderlinden, Karl/0000-0002-2396-7965; Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Herbst, Michael/0000-0003-1371-4208; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; FEDER [AGL2009-12936-C03-03]; Junta de Andalucia [AGR-4782]; Spanish Ministry of Education [PR2010-0191, EX2009-0433] FX This research was made possible thanks to funding provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER through grant AGL2009-12936-C03-03 and by the Junta de Andalucia though grant AGR-4782. Also mobility grants PR2010-0191 and of EX2009-0433 the Spanish Ministry of Education are acknowledged. NR 74 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 9 U2 89 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 11 IS 4 DI 10.2136/vzj2011.0178 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 050VI UT WOS:000312082000024 ER PT J AU Miller, SL Raphael, MG Falxa, GA Strong, C Baldwin, J Bloxton, T Galleher, BM Lance, M Lynch, D Pearson, SF Ralph, CJ Young, RD AF Miller, Sherri L. Raphael, Martin G. Falxa, Gary A. Strong, Craig Baldwin, Jim Bloxton, Thomas Galleher, Beth M. Lance, Monique Lynch, Deanna Pearson, Scott F. Ralph, C. John Young, Richard D. TI RECENT POPULATION DECLINE OF THE MARBLED MURRELET IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Brachyramphus marmoratus; Marbled Murrelet; Northwest Forest Plan; old-growth forest; population decline; population trends; seabird ID THREATENED SEABIRD; ENDANGERED SEABIRD; NEST PREDATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPHIC LEVEL; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; CONSERVATION; CAMPGROUNDS; PREY AB We document here a decline of nearly 30% in the Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) population of Washington, Oregon, and northern California between 2000 and 2010. The Northwest Forest Plan is an ecosystem-management plan for federal forest lands in the Pacific Northwest of the United States that incorporates monitoring to determine if species' conservation objectives are met. To evaluate the plan's effectiveness in conserving populations of the murrelet, a species associated with older, late-successional forests, we estimated the murrelet's density in near-shore marine waters of Washington. Oregon, and northern California south to San Francisco Bay. We sampled annually, using line transects and distance estimation. We divided the study area of about 8800 km(2) into five geographic subareas corresponding to existing murrelet-conservation zones. Annual population estimates for the plan ranged from an estimated 23 700 (95% CI: 18 300 to 29 000) birds in 2002 to a low of 16 700 (95% CI: 13 100 to 20 300) in 2010, representing an average rate of decline of 3.7% annually (95% CI: -4.8 to -2.7%) from 2001 to 2010. This annual rate suggests a total decline of about 29% during this period. We documented downward trends for Washington (conservation zone 1) and for the outer coast of Washington (conservation zone 2). These declines coincide with reductions in the amount of nesting habitat. Further research to evaluate the potential marine and terrestrial factors responsible for the declines is planned. C1 [Miller, Sherri L.; Ralph, C. John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Raphael, Martin G.; Bloxton, Thomas; Galleher, Beth M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Falxa, Gary A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Strong, Craig] Crescent Coastal Res, Crescent City, CA 95531 USA. [Baldwin, Jim] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Lance, Monique; Pearson, Scott F.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Lakewood, WA 98498 USA. [Lynch, Deanna] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Div Listing & Recovery, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Young, Richard D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reg Off, Ecol Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Miller, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM sherrilmiller@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station and Pacific Northwest Region; U.S. Forest Services' Pacific Southwest Research Station and Pacific Southwest Region; Bureau of Land Management's Arcata Field Office; Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife; California Department of Fish and Game; Pacific Lumber Company FX This work would not have been possible without the assistance of a large number of people who contributed to the population-monitoring program. We particularly thank the many crew members who conducted the population surveys at sea over the years, often under difficult conditions. Naomi Bentivoglio, Patrick Jodice, and Mark Huff provided leadership for the Plan's murrelet monitoring program in the earlier years. Funding and other support for this work was provided by several offices and programs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, by the U.S. Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station and Pacific Northwest Region, the U.S. Forest Services' Pacific Southwest Research Station and Pacific Southwest Region, the Bureau of Land Management's Arcata Field Office, the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the Pacific Lumber Company. This paper benefited from comments by Robert Ronconi, M. Zachariah Peery, William Ritchie, and Ayn Shlisky. Ana Bertoldi provided the Spanish translation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 62 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2012 VL 114 IS 4 BP 771 EP 781 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110084 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 048AN UT WOS:000311882700011 ER PT J AU Bisson, P Reeves, G Gregory, S AF Bisson, Pete Reeves, Gordie Gregory, Stan TI James R. Sedell (July 5, 1944-August 18, 2012) IN MEMORIAM SO FISHERIES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Bisson, Pete] USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Olympia, WA USA. [Reeves, Gordie] USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [Gregory, Stan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bisson, P (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Olympia, WA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2012 VL 37 IS 11 BP 512 EP 513 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.731889 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 048QZ UT WOS:000311928900006 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Chang, PK Chan, KL Faria, NCG Mahoney, N Kim, YK Martins, MD Campbell, BC AF Kim, Jong H. Chang, Perng-Kuang Chan, Kathleen L. Faria, Natalia C. G. Mahoney, Noreen Kim, Young K. Martins, Maria de L. Campbell, Bruce C. TI Enhancement of Commercial Antifungal Agents by Kojic Acid SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Kojic acid; hydrogen peroxide; amphotericin B; strobilurin; chemosensitization ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; PATHWAY; CHEMOSENSITIZATION; GENERATION; INHIBITORS; ORYZAE; SYSTEM AB Natural compounds that pose no significant medical or environmental side effects are potential sources of antifungal agents, either in their nascent form or as structural backbones for more effective derivatives. Kojic acid (KA) is one such compound. It is a natural by-product of fungal fermentation commonly employed by food and cosmetic industries. We show that KA greatly lowers minimum inhibitory (MIC) or fungicidal (MFC) concentrations of commercial medicinal and agricultural antifungal agents, amphotericin B (AMB) and strobilurin, respectively, against pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi. Assays using two mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mutants, i.e., sakA Delta, mpkC Delta, of Aspergillus fumigatus, an agent for human invasive aspergillosis, with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or AMB indicate such chemosensitizing activity of KA is most conceivably through disruption of fungal antioxidation systems. KA could be developed as a chemosensitizer to enhance efficacy of certain conventional antifungal drugs or fungicides. C1 [Kim, Jong H.; Chan, Kathleen L.; Mahoney, Noreen; Kim, Young K.; Campbell, Bruce C.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Chang, Perng-Kuang] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Faria, Natalia C. G.; Martins, Maria de L.] Univ Nova Lisboa, CREM, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal. [Kim, Young K.] Kookmin Univ, Coll Forest Sci, Dept Forest Prod & Biotechnol, Seoul 136702, South Korea. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jongheon.kim@ars.usda.gov; perngkuang.chang@ars.usda.gov; kathy.chan@ars.usda.gov; natalia.faria@insa.min-saude.pt; noreen.mahoney@ars.usda.gov; ykkim@kookmin.ac.kr; luzmartins@ihmt.unl.pt; bruce.campbell@ars.usda.gov OI Martins, Maria da Luz/0000-0002-2471-2972 FU USDA-ARS CRIS Project [5325-42000-037-00D] FX We thank Gregory S. May at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, for providing Aspergillus fumigatus (AF293, sakA Delta and mpkC Delta mutants) strains and Arun Balajee, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, for the strains of A. terreus. This research was conducted under USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5325-42000-037-00D. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 27 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 13 IS 11 BP 13867 EP 13880 DI 10.3390/ijms131113867 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 041TV UT WOS:000311425000006 PM 23203038 ER PT J AU Cha, DH Adams, T Rogg, H Landolt, PJ AF Cha, Dong H. Adams, Todd Rogg, Helmuth Landolt, Peter J. TI Identification and Field Evaluation of Fermentation Volatiles from Wine and Vinegar that Mediate Attraction of Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drosophila suzukii; Spotted wing Drosophila; Feeding attractant; Trap; Lure; GC-EAD ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA FLIES; HOST FRUIT VOLATILES; MATSUMURA DIPTERA DROSOPHILIDAE; SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; ACETIC-ACID; APPLE MAGGOT; MELANOGASTER; YEAST; FLY; RESPONSES AB Previous studies suggest that olfactory cues from damaged and fermented fruits play important roles in resource recognition of polyphagous spotted wing Drosophila flies (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). They are attracted to fermented sweet materials, such as decomposing fruits but also wines and vinegars, and to ubiquitous fermentation volatiles, such as acetic acid and ethanol. Gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), two-choice laboratory bioassays, and field trapping experiments were used to identify volatile compounds from wine and vinegar that are involved in SWD attraction. In addition to acetic acid and ethanol, consistent EAD responses were obtained for 13 volatile wine compounds and seven volatile vinegar compounds, with all of the vinegar EAD-active compounds also present in wine. In a field trapping experiment, the 9-component vinegar blend and 15-component wine blend were similarly attractive when compared to an acetic acid plus ethanol mixture, but were not as attractive as the wine plus vinegar mixture. In two-choice laboratory bioassays, 7 EAD-active compounds (ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl lactate, 1-hexanol, isoamyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, and ethyl sorbate), when added singly to the mixture at the same concentrations tested in the field, decreased the attraction of SWD to the mixture of acetic acid and ethanol. The blends composed of the remaining EAD-active chemicals, an 8-component wine blend [acetic acid + ethanol + acetoin + grape butyrate + methionol + isoamyl lactate + 2-phenylethanol + diethyl succinate] and a 5-component vinegar blend [acetic acid + ethanol + acetoin + grape butyrate + 2-phenylethanol] were more attractive than the acetic acid plus ethanol mixture, and as attractive as the wine plus vinegar mixture in both laboratory assays and the field trapping experiment. These results indicate that these volatiles in wine and vinegar are crucial for SWD attraction to fermented materials on which they feed as adults. C1 [Cha, Dong H.; Landolt, Peter J.] ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Adams, Todd; Rogg, Helmuth] Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RP Cha, DH (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM dong.cha@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Cha, Dong/A-3977-2013 FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission FX We thank Jewel Brumley, Daryl Green, and Heather Headrick for technical supports and Alan Knight, Lee Reams, and Esteban Basoalto for supplying SWD. David Horton, Gregory Loeb, and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful suggestions for improvement to the manuscript. This research was supported in part by funding from the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission. NR 69 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 171 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1419 EP 1431 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0196-5 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 050PW UT WOS:000312067500010 PM 23065086 ER PT J AU Martin-Sampedro, R Filpponen, I Hoeger, IC Zhu, JY Laine, J Rojas, OJ AF Martin-Sampedro, Raquel Filpponen, Ilari Hoeger, Ingrid C. Zhu, J. Y. Laine, Janne Rojas, Orlando J. TI Rapid and Complete Enzyme Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Nanofibrils SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; CELLULOSE FILMS; SURFACE; WOOD AB Rapid enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNF) was investigated by monitoring nanoscale changes in mass via quartz crystal microgravimetry and also by measuring reducing sugar yields. In only a few minutes LCNF thin films were completely hydrolyzed upon incubation in multicomponent enzyme systems. Conversion to sugars and oligosaccharides of LCNF dispersed in water occurred in about 4 h (50 degrees C, pH 5). In contrast, a conversion of only 57% was observed for partially crystalline cellulose (Avicel) after 9 h, under same experimental conditions. Under conditions of high enzyme loading the presence of residual lignin and other macromolecules in the cell wall of LCNF did not appear to affect negatively the recorded high hydrolysis rates. Overall, our findings suggest that deconstruction of the cell wall to nanofibrils is an effective pretreatment to facilitate rapid and complete cellulose bioconversion. C1 [Martin-Sampedro, Raquel; Filpponen, Ilari; Laine, Janne; Rojas, Orlando J.] Aalto Univ, Dept Forest Prod Technol, Sch Chem Technol, Aalto 00076, Finland. [Hoeger, Ingrid C.; Rojas, Orlando J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forest Biomat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Rojas, OJ (reprint author), Aalto Univ, Dept Forest Prod Technol, Sch Chem Technol, Aalto 00076, Finland. EM ojrojas@ncsu.edu RI Laine, Janne/A-3337-2013; Martin-Sampedro, Raquel/G-8100-2012; Rojas, Orlando/O-2890-2014 OI Laine, Janne/0000-0002-9125-3841; Martin-Sampedro, Raquel/0000-0003-2083-3723; Rojas, Orlando/0000-0003-4036-4020 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; NC State via the FPI Fellowship [BES2007-14528] FX This work was performed as a part of the Lignocell Project (Value-added materials and functional structures from lignocellulose). R.M.-S. is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for funding her stay in Aalto University and NC State via the FPI Fellowship BES2007-14528. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 1 IS 11 BP 1321 EP 1325 DI 10.1021/mz300484b PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 043DD UT WOS:000311522200022 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Francisco-Ortega, J Calonje, M Griffith, MP Ayala-Silva, T Stevenson, DW Nakamura, K AF Meerow, Alan W. Francisco-Ortega, Javier Calonje, Michael Griffith, M. Patrick Ayala-Silva, Tomas Stevenson, Dennis W. Nakamura, Kyoko TI ZAMIA (CYCADALES: ZAMIACEAE) ON PUERTO RICO: ASYMMETRIC GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AND THE HYPOTHESIS OF MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean biogeography; coalescence; cycads; microsatellite DNA; population genetics ID APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; ISLAND BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT; WIDESPREAD PLANT CONGENERS; STEPWISE MUTATION MODEL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; HETEROZYGOTE EXCESS; POSITIVE SELECTION; SEISMIC-REFLECTION AB Premise of the Study: This study of Zamia in Puerto Rico is the most intensive population genetics investigation of a cycad to date in terms of number of markers, and one of few microsatellite DNA studies of plants from the highly critical Caribbean biodiversity hotspot. Three distinctive Zamia taxa occur on the island: Z. erosa on the north coast, and Z. portoricensis and Z. pumila, both in the south. Their relationships are largely unknown. We tested three hypotheses about their genetic diversity, including the possibility of multiple introductions. Methods: We used 31 microsatellite loci across 10 populations and analyzed the data with AMOVA, Bayesian clustering, and ABC coalescent modeling. Key Results: Puerto Rican zamias exhibit an amalgam of patterns of genetic differentiation that have been reported for cycads. Overall, the taxa are slightly inbred, with high infra-populational variation and little evidence of recent bottlenecks. Zamia erosa exhibits a more than threefold greater degree of population differentiation than the other two taxa. Admixture is evident only between Z. portoricensis and Z. pumila. Zamia portoricensis is inferred to be the youngest taxon on the island, on the basis of estimates of coalescence time and effective population size. A selective sweep may be underway in a small population of Z. erosa in a saline environment. Conclusions: Zamia erosa may represent an independent introduction into Puerto Rico; Z. portoricensis and Z. pumila fit a scenario of allopatric speciation. This will be explored further in the context of genetic analysis across the entire Caribbean region. C1 [Meerow, Alan W.; Ayala-Silva, Tomas; Nakamura, Kyoko] USDA ARS SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Francisco-Ortega, Javier; Calonje, Michael] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Francisco-Ortega, Javier] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Calonje, Michael; Griffith, M. Patrick] Montgomery Bot Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33156 USA. [Stevenson, Dennis W.] New York Bot Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM alan.meerow@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB 1050340]; Christiane Tyson Research Fellowship FX This work was partially supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB 1050340 and a Christiane Tyson Research Fellowship. Our gratitude to G. Draper and L. Collins for their insights on Puerto Rico geology and paleoenvironments, and to A. Schnabel for many useful comments on the manuscript. J. R. Pagan-Jimenez provided information concerning use of Zamia by Amerindian populations in the Caribbean Islands. E. Santiago helped us locate relevant information on the environmental biology and paleoecology of Puerto Rico. Field work was supported by the Montgomery Botanical Center and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This is contribution 241 from the Tropical Biology Program of Florida International University. We dedicate this study to the memory of Ken Hill (1948-2010). NR 115 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 21 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 99 IS 11 BP 1828 EP 1839 DI 10.3732/ajb.1200494 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 043VW UT WOS:000311579700021 PM 23125434 ER PT J AU Smith, WP AF Smith, Winston P. TI Sentinels of Ecological Processes: The Case of the Northern Flying Squirrel SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological diversity; boreal and montane forests; broadscale disturbance; ecological monitoring ID TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB Indigenous forests across North America have been and continue to be transformed. The implications of these changes are far reaching and include the loss of habitat, biological diversity, and ecological services, as well as diminished air and water quality. The northern flying squirrel is a forest obligate that achieves its highest density in old growth, facilitates critical symbiotic relationships, and is an essential prey of disturbance-sensitive predators. Its reliance on old-forest attributes varies with community diversity, and its sensitivity to isolation renders it an ideal indicator of landscape connectivity The results of numerous studies reveal the squirrel's acute sensitivity to disturbance at multiple spatial scales, which renders it an effective sentinel of forest ecosystem processes and condition over both geological and ecological time scales. Therefore, a thorough understanding of its ecology can inform projections and the effective mitigation of continued disturbance of ecological communities of boreal and montane coniferous forests. C1 [Smith, Winston P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Smith, Winston P.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM wsmith58@alaska.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station; Alaska Region; Tongass National Forest; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Earthwatch; Denver Zoo FX I thank scores of field assistants and collaborators who contributed to my research, especially Jeff Nichols, Elizabeth Flaherty, Scott Gende, Merav Ben-David, Sanjay Pyare, Colin Shanley, Gillian Holloway, John Scheibe, and Valerie Clarkston. The United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Alaska Region, and Tongass National Forest supported multiple studies. Grants from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Earthwatch, and the Denver Zoo supported additional studies. Michael Damron produced the range map, and Patricia Pirone produced the remaining figures. Gillian Holloway, Chip Leslie, and four anonymous referees reviewed a draft of the manuscript and provided valuable suggestions that ultimately improved the quality of this article. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 55 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2012 VL 62 IS 11 BP 950 EP 961 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.11.4 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 044YL UT WOS:000311661000005 ER PT J AU Perez, ME Sastre-De Jesus, I Lugo, AE Martinez, OJA AF Perez, Mervin E. Sastre-De Jesus, Ines Lugo, Ariel E. Martinez, Oscar J. Abelleira TI Bryophyte Species Diversity in Secondary Forests Dominated by the Introduced Species Spathodea campanulata Beauv. in Puerto Rico SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE bryophyte ecology; bryophyte richness; introduced species; microhabitats; novel forests ID RAIN-FOREST; ABANDONED PASTURE; VASCULAR PLANTS; BOREAL FOREST; RICHNESS; LANDSCAPE; LICHENS; LAND; MICROCLIMATE; REGENERATION AB The introduced tree species Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae) forms novel forests in Puerto Rico, these having emerged after the abandonment of fields in the mid-20th century and resulting in forests with a new species composition. We assessed bryophyte species richness in these novel forests and sought correlations with geological substrate, past land use, forest edge and patch area, forest structure, elevation, microhabitat diversity, tree species richness, and microclimatic conditions. Transects were established (edge and forest interior) in nine moist forest patches dominated by Spathodea in north-central Puerto Rico. These Spathodea forest patches ranged from 0.6 to 9 ha. ANOVA, Chi-square, correlation, and cluster analyses were used in data analyses. We found 57 bryophyte species. There was a significant difference in bryophyte richness among patches. Those on karst exhibited highest bryophyte richness due to microhabitat diversity, past land use, and shorter hydroperiods. Alluvial sites scored lowest in bryophyte species richness, and forest structure was important for bryophyte communities on these sites. Significant differences in temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity were observed between edge and forest interior. These appeared important for establishing bryophyte species cover but not richness and composition. Microhabitat diversity, patch area, and forest age were more related to bryophyte species richness than elevation, exposed edge, and tree species richness, regardless of geologic substrate. Collectively, Spathodea patches were similar to mature forests on the Island with respect to bryophyte species richness and composition. Novel Spathodea forests have conservation value due to their habitat suitability for bryophyte communities. C1 [Perez, Mervin E.; Sastre-De Jesus, Ines] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Lugo, Ariel E.] USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Perez, ME (reprint author), Univ San Carlos, Ctr Estudios Conservacionistas, Herbario USCG, Ave Reforma 0-63 Zona 10, Guatemala City, Guatemala. EM ixmulej@yahoo.com FU USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF) [09-DG-11120101-008] FX Thanks to John M. Uscian, Jarrod Thaxton, and Duane Kolterman for their comments on earlier versions of the manuscript, to the undergraduate students of the Tropical Bryology Laboratory at UPR Mayaguez Campus, and to Donato Segui for helping in the field and laboratory. We are grateful to landowners for allowing us to work in their farms. Thanks to two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. Olga M. Ramos, member of USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, assisted on preparation of Figure 1. This project was funded through a collaborative agreement (09-DG-11120101-008) with the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF). NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2012 VL 44 IS 6 BP 763 EP 770 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00879.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032OS UT WOS:000310729200007 ER PT J AU Sharma, M Chai, CL Morohashi, K Grotewold, E Snook, ME Chopra, S AF Sharma, Mandeep Chai, Chenglin Morohashi, Kengo Grotewold, Erich Snook, Maurice E. Chopra, Surinder TI Expression of flavonoid 3 '-hydroxylase is controlled by P1, the regulator of 3-deoxyflavonoid biosynthesis in maize SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanins; Flavones; Flavonoids; F3 ' H; Maysin; Phlobaphenes ID ZEA-MAYS L.; CORN-EARWORM ANTIBIOSIS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MYB-HOMOLOGOUS GENES; 3-DEOXYANTHOCYANIDIN PHYTOALEXINS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; COLORFUL MODEL AB Background: The maize (Zea mays) red aleurone1 (pr1) encodes a CYP450-dependent flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (ZmF3'H1) required for the biosynthesis of purple and red anthocyanin pigments. We previously showed that Zmf3'h1 is regulated by C1 (Colorless1) and R1 (Red1) transcription factors. The current study demonstrates that, in addition to its role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, the Zmf3'h1 gene also participates in the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyflavonoids and phlobaphenes that accumulate in maize pericarps, cob glumes, and silks. Biosynthesis of 3-deoxyflavonoids is regulated by P1 (Pericarp color1) and is independent from the action of C1 and R1 transcription factors. Results: In maize, apiforol and luteoforol are the precursors of condensed phlobaphenes. Maize lines with functional alleles of pr1 and p1 (Pr1;P1) accumulate luteoforol, while null pr1 lines with a functional or non-functional p1 allele (pr1;P1 or pr1; p1) accumulate apiforol. Apiforol lacks a hydroxyl group at the 3'-position of the flavylium B-ring, while luteoforol has this hydroxyl group. Our biochemical analysis of accumulated compounds in different pr1 genotypes showed that the pr1 encoded ZmF3'H1 has a role in the conversion of mono-hydroxylated to bi-hydroxylated compounds in the B-ring. Steady state RNA analyses demonstrated that Zmf3'h1 mRNA accumulation requires a functional p1 allele. Using a combination of EMSA and ChIP experiments, we established that the Zmf3'h1 gene is a direct target of P1. Highlighting the significance of the Zmf3'h1 gene for resistance against biotic stress, we also show here that the p1 controlled 3-deoxyanthocyanidin and C-glycosyl flavone (maysin) defence compounds accumulate at significantly higher levels in Pr1 silks as compared to pr1 silks. By virtue of increased maysin synthesis in Pr1 plants, corn ear worm larvae fed on Pr1; P1 silks showed slower growth as compared to pr1; P1 silks. Conclusions: Our results show that the Zmf3'h1 gene participates in the biosynthesis of phlobaphenes and agronomically important 3-deoxyflavonoid compounds under the regulatory control of P1. C1 [Sharma, Mandeep; Chopra, Surinder] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chai, Chenglin; Morohashi, Kengo; Grotewold, Erich] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Appl Plant Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chai, Chenglin; Morohashi, Kengo; Grotewold, Erich] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Snook, Maurice E.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Chopra, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sic3@psu.edu RI Morohashi, Kengo/C-5511-2014 FU College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University [4144, 4154, 4452, 4430]; Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-67009-30017, 2010-65115-20408]; NSF [DBI-0701405]; Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Pennsylvania State University; [USDA-NRI-2007-35318-17795] FX We thank Scott Harkcom and the Penn State Agronomy Farm staff for their help with land preparation and tending the maize crop. We are thankful to one anonymous reviewer for critical comments to improve the manuscript. This work was supported in part by research support to S. C. under Hatch projects 4144, 4154, 4452, and 4430 of the College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, a USDA-NRI-2007-35318-17795 award and by the Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture 2011-67009-30017 to SC and 2010-65115-20408 to EG. This project was also supported by NSF DBI-0701405 to E. G. M. S. was supported by graduate research assistantship from the Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Pennsylvania State University. NR 75 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 54 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 196 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-12-196 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 044SQ UT WOS:000311644300001 PM 23113982 ER PT J AU Russell, MB Kenefic, LS Weiskittel, AR Puhlick, JJ Brissette, JC AF Russell, Matthew B. Kenefic, Laura S. Weiskittel, Aaron R. Puhlick, Joshua J. Brissette, John C. TI Assessing and modeling standing deadwood attributes under alternative silvicultural regimes in the Acadian Forest region of Maine, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; NEIGHBOR IMPUTATION METHODS; ESTIMATING CAVITY TREE; OLD-GROWTH; SNAG LONGEVITY; WESTERN OREGON; DENSITY INDEX; PINE FORESTS; DYNAMICS; FIELD AB Estimating the amount of standing deadwood in forests is crucial for assessing wildlife habitat and determining carbon stocks. In this analysis, snags (standing dead trees) in various stages of decay were inventoried across eight silvicultural treatments in eastern spruce-fir forests in central Maine nearly 60 years after treatments were initiated. Several modeling strategies were developed to estimate number of snags per hectare in various stages of decay. An unmanaged reference area displayed the highest basal area and volume of snags (5.4 +/- 3.1 m(2).ha(-1) and 29.4 +/- 23.6 m(3).ha(-1), respectively, (mean +/- standard deviation)), while the lowest basal area and volume (0.9 +/- 1.0 m(2).ha(-1) and 3.1 +/- 5.2 m(3).ha(-1)) were observed in selection system with a 5-year cutting cycle. Models indicated that snag abundance was related to stand density, depth to water table, and the average harvest interval of the treatment. At a fixed stand density, approximately 140% more snags were predicted to occur in treatments with an average harvest interval of 55 compared with 5 years. An index of error reflecting the number of snags found in certain decay classes was reduced by 40% when predictions from count regression models fit with a mixed modeling strategy were used over ordinal regression. Results from these analyses can help to reduce the disparities between observed and modeled snag stocking levels and further our understanding of the relationships between live and standing dead trees inherent to eastern spruce-fir forests. C1 [Russell, Matthew B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kenefic, Laura S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. [Weiskittel, Aaron R.; Puhlick, Joshua J.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Brissette, John C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Russell, MB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM russellm@umn.edu RI Kenefic, Laura/H-3177-2014; OI Russell, Matthew/0000-0002-7044-9650 FU National Science Foundation Center for Advanced Forestry Systems [IIP-0855370]; US Forest Service; Penobscot Experimental Forest Research Operation Team FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation Center for Advanced Forestry Systems (Award No. IIP-0855370), US Forest Service Agenda 2020 program, and the Penobscot Experimental Forest Research Operation Team. We thank the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers who provided comments that helped to improve this work. Additional data were graciously made available by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Thanks to Mallory Bussell, Andrea Burke, and Daniel Perry for assisting with data collection. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1873 EP 1883 DI 10.1139/x2012-131 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 045XI UT WOS:000311729700001 ER PT J AU Major, JE Johnsen, KH Barsi, DC Campbell, M AF Major, John E. Johnsen, Kurt H. Barsi, Debby C. Campbell, Moira TI Fine and coarse root parameters from mature black spruce displaying genetic x soil moisture interaction in growth SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SHOOT WATER RELATIONS; BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS; SCOTS PINE STANDS; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; NORWAY SPRUCE; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; NUTRIENT CONTENTS; PICEA-MARIANA; GAS-EXCHANGE; SUGAR MAPLE AB Fine and coarse root biomass, C, and N mass parameters were assessed by root size and soil depths from soil cores in plots of 32-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) from four full-sib families studied previously for drought tolerance and differential productivity on a dry and wet site. All fine and coarse root size categories had greater root biomass on the dry than on the wet site. Most of the site differences resided in 0-20 cm soil depth. The wet site had greater root N concentration than the dry site, despite the same soil N; thus, virtually no differences were observed in total fine and coarse root N mass between sites. Root N concentration declined with increases in both soil depth and root size. Fine roots (<2 mm) accounted for 73% and 38% of the total fine and coarse N and C mass, respectively. The dry site had lower needle mass and more fine root mass than the wet site, demonstrating an adaptation to moisture stress change through the rebalancing of resource-obtaining organs. Drought-tolerant families had the same quantity of fine roots as drought-intolerant families but were able to support more foliage and aboveground mass per unit fine root mass than intolerant families. C1 [Major, John E.; Campbell, Moira] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. [Johnsen, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Barsi, Debby C.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada. RP Major, JE (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. EM jmajor@nrcan.gc.ca NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1926 EP 1938 DI 10.1139/x2012-144 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 045XI UT WOS:000311729700006 ER PT J AU Major, JE Johnsen, KH Barsi, DC Campbell, M AF Major, John E. Johnsen, Kurt H. Barsi, Debby C. Campbell, Moira TI Total belowground carbon and nitrogen partitioning of mature black spruce displaying genetic x soil moisture interaction in growth SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SHOOT WATER RELATIONS; FINE-ROOT BIOMASS; DEVELOPMENTALLY ADAPTIVE TRAITS; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; JACK PINE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; BALSAM FIR; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; STANDING CROP AB Total belowground biomass, soil C, and N mass were measured in plots of 32-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) from four full-sib families studied previously for drought tolerance and differential productivity on a dry and a wet site. Stump root biomass was greater on the wet than on the dry site; however, combined fine and coarse root biomass was greater on the dry than on the wet site, resulting in no site root biomass differences. There were no site differences in root distribution by soil depth. Drought-tolerant families had greater stump root biomass and allocated relatively less to combined coarse and fine roots than drought-intolerant families. Fine roots (<2 mm) made up 10.9% and 50.2% of the belowground C and N biomass. Through 50 cm soil depth, mean total belowground C mass was 187.2 Mg.ha(-1), of which 8.9%, 3.4%, 0.7%, and 87.0% were from the stump root, combined fine and coarse roots, necromass, and soil, respectively. Here, we show that belowground C sequestration generally mirrors (mostly from stump roots) aboveground growth, and thus, trends in genetic and genetic x environment productivity effects result in similar effects on belowground C sequestration. Thus, tree improvement may well be an important avenue to help stem increases in atmospheric CO2. C1 [Major, John E.; Campbell, Moira] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. [Johnsen, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Barsi, Debby C.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada. RP Major, JE (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. EM jmajor@nrcan.gc.ca NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1939 EP 1952 DI 10.1139/x2012-145 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 045XI UT WOS:000311729700007 ER PT J AU Liu, GE Bickhart, DM AF Liu, George E. Bickhart, Derek M. TI Copy number variation in the cattle genome SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Review DE Cattle genome; Breed; Copy number variation; Segmental duplication; Array comparative genomic hybridization; Next-generation sequencing ID RECENT SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; MYELOID-LEUKEMIA GENOME; INDIVIDUAL HUMAN GENOME; COAT COLOR PHENOTYPE; HIDDEN-MARKOV MODEL; SHORT DNA-SEQUENCES; SNP GENOTYPING DATA; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; SHORT-READ; HOLSTEIN CATTLE AB Copy number variations (CNVs) are gains and losses of genomic sequence greater than 50 bp between two individuals of a species. While single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are more frequent, CNVs impact a higher percentage of genomic sequence and have potentially greater effects, including the changing of gene structure and dosage, altering gene regulation and exposing recessive alleles. In particular, segmental duplications (SDs) were shown to be one of the catalysts and hotspots for CNV formation. Substantial progress has been made in understanding CNVs in mammals, especially in humans and rodents. CNVs have been shown to be important in both normal phenotypic variability and disease susceptibility. Recently, interest in CNV study has extended into domesticated animals, including cattle. Multiple genome-wide cattle CNV studies have been carried out using both microarray and next generation sequencing technologies. Integration of SD and CNV results with SNP and other datasets are beginning to reveal impacts of CNVs on cattle domestication, health, and production traits. C1 [Liu, George E.] ARS, GEL Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Liu, George E.; Bickhart, Derek M.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), ARS, GEL Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Bldg 200,Room 124B,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Liu@ars.usda.gov OI Bickhart, Derek/0000-0003-2223-9285 FU USDA CSREES (now NIFA) [2007-35205-17869, 2011-67015-30183]; USDA-ARS [1265-31000-098-00] FX G.E.L. was supported by NRI/AFRI grants no. 2007-35205-17869 and 2011-67015-30183 from the USDA CSREES (now NIFA) and Project 1265-31000-098-00 from USDA-ARS. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 155 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X EI 1438-7948 J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 609 EP 624 DI 10.1007/s10142-012-0289-9 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 046RI UT WOS:000311781700004 PM 22790923 ER PT J AU Hou, YL Bickhart, DM Chung, H Hutchison, JL Norman, HD Connor, EE Liu, GE AF Hou, Yali Bickhart, Derek M. Chung, Hoyoung Hutchison, Jana L. Norman, H. Duane Connor, Erin E. Liu, George E. TI Analysis of copy number variations in Holstein cows identify potential mechanisms contributing to differences in residual feed intake SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cattle genome; Copy number variation (CNV); Feed efficiency; Residual feed intake (RFI); Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ID GROWING LAYER HENS; CATTLE; EFFICIENCY; ASSOCIATION; SELECTION; GENOME AB Genomic structural variation is an important and abundant source of genetic and phenotypic variation. In this study, we performed an initial analysis of copy number variations (CNVs) using BovineHD SNP genotyping data from 147 Holstein cows identified as having high or low feed efficiency as estimated by residual feed intake (RFI). We detected 443 candidate CNV regions (CNVRs) that represent 18.4 Mb (0.6 %) of the genome. To investigate the functional impacts of CNVs, we created two groups of 30 individual animals with extremely low or high estimated breeding values (EBVs) for RFI, and referred to these groups as low intake (LI; more efficient) or high intake (HI; less efficient), respectively. We identified 240 ( 9.0 Mb) and 274 ( 10.2 Mb) CNVRs from LI and HI groups, respectively. Approximately 30-40 % of the CNVRs were specific to the LI group or HI group of animals. The 240 LI CNVRs overlapped with 137 Ensembl genes. Network analyses indicated that the LI-specific genes were predominantly enriched for those functioning in the inflammatory response and immunity. By contrast, the 274 HI CNVRs contained 177 Ensembl genes. Network analyses indicated that the HI-specific genes were particularly involved in the cell cycle, and organ and bone development. These results relate CNVs to two key variables, namely immune response and organ and bone development. The data indicate that greater feed efficiency relates more closely to immune response, whereas cattle with reduced feed efficiency may have a greater capacity for organ and bone development. C1 [Hou, Yali; Bickhart, Derek M.; Chung, Hoyoung; Connor, Erin E.; Liu, George E.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hou, Yali] Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Dis Genom & Individualized Med, Beijing Inst Genom, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Chung, Hoyoung] Natl Inst Anim Sci, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon, South Korea. [Hutchison, Jana L.; Norman, H. Duane] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Connor, EE (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM erin.connor@ars.usda.gov; george.liu@ars.usda.gov OI Bickhart, Derek/0000-0003-2223-9285 FU USDA CSREES (now NIFA) [2007-35205-17869, 2011-67015-30183]; USDA-ARS [1265-31000-098, 1265-31000-097] FX GEL and EEC conceived and designed the experiments. EEC collected samples, RFI data, and generated the SNP genotyping data. HDN and JLH performed statistical analyses to estimate RFI. YH and GEL performed in silico prediction and computational analyses. DMB and HC conducted qPCR validations. GEL, EEC, and DMB wrote the manuscript. GEL was supported by NRI/AFRI grants no. 2007-35205-17869 and 2011-67015-30183 from the USDA CSREES (now NIFA) and Projects 1265-31000-098 and 1265-31000-097 from USDA-ARS. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 717 EP 723 DI 10.1007/s10142-012-0295-y PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 046RI UT WOS:000311781700013 PM 22991089 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Shrefler, J AF Russo, Vincent M. Shrefler, James TI Bunching Onion Culture in Greenhouse and Hoop House SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE organic; planting date; protected culture; yield AB Extending the season can provide opportunities for vegetable producers. Bunching onion, or scallions (Allium fistulosum L.), is a crop that can be a candidate for protected production used to extend the growing season. The cvs. Evergreen Hardy White (white), Deep Purple (red), and Nabechan F1 (white) were sown at monthly intervals from Sept. 2010 to Aug. 2011 in containers under greenhouse and hoop house conditions at Lane, OK. Days to harvest and yield variables were determined. Crop failure occurred in a greenhouse for all plants sown in July, for 'Deep Purple' sown in August, and for those sown in a hoop house in February and March and May through August, days to harvest was generally less for plants sown in the greenhouse, and for 'Deep Purple', but all plants took longer to reach marketable size than is indicated for field production. Yields for plants grown in the greenhouse were higher than for those grown in the hoop house. Greenhouse production provides more flexibility and protection from environmental conditions so that bunching onions can be grown for extended season production. However, environmental controls under greenhouse conditions need to be refined to reduce length of growing season while maintaining, or improving, yields of optimally sized plants. Programs to improve nutrition in school systems and introduction of "Farm to School" and "extended season" initiatives present opportunities for production of some vegetables including bunching onion, or scallions. "Farm to School" programs allow the use of fresh, locally grown foods to be incorporated into school menus. Bunching onions can be used fresh or prepared items. Use of protected culture in greenhouses and hoop houses may allow for extended season production of these onions so that they can be used during non-typical growing periods especially, when locally produced field-grown crops are not available. C1 [Russo, Vincent M.] USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Shrefler, James] Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, 911 Highway 3 W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM russo_vincent@hotmail.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2012 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1564 EP 1568 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 046JS UT WOS:000311761900001 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Cantrell, CL Astatkie, T Jeliazkova, E AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Cantrell, Charles L. Astatkie, Tess Jeliazkova, Ekaterina TI Fall Frost Effects on the Essential Oil of 'Native' Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) in Wyoming SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mentha spicata; harvest date; frost tolerance; essential oil content; essential oil composition; carvone ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CARVONE; YIELD AB 'Native' spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is a widely grown essential oil crop worldwide and in the midwest in the United States. There is interest in expanding spearmint production to Wyoming and other states. However, there is no information to determine if spearmint would perform well under the Wyoming high-altitude and short-growing season and if its productivity and oil quality would be affected by fall frosts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fall frosts at the end of the cropping season on 'Native' spearmint productivity and oil profile. Spearmint plants were harvested at the following harvest dates (HDs): 14 Sept., 21 Sept., 28 Sept., 5 Oct., 12 Oct., 24 Oct., and 1 Nov. 2011. The HDs were selected to coincide with the fall frosts in northern Wyoming. Indeed, during that time, frost occurred on the following dates: 21 Sept., 10 Oct., 13 Oct., 15 Oct., 19 Oct., 20 Oct., 24 Oct., 25 Oct., 26 Oct., 27 Oct., 28 Oct., 29 Oct., 30 Oct., 31 Oct., and 1 Nov. 2011. The first heavy snow occurred on 3 Nov. Fresh herbage yields were higher at the 1 Nov. HD relative to the 14 Sept. HD, whereas the yields at the other HD were not significantly different. Generally, the oil content was high at 14 Sept., 21 Sept., and 5 Oct. HD and low at the 24 Oct. and 1 Nov. HD. Carvone concentration (42% to 75% range) in the oil reached a maximum at the 12 Oct. HD. The concentration of limonene was low at the first HD (14 Sept.) and higher at the other HDs. The yield of carvone (a function of the fresh herbage yields, oil content, and the concentration of carvone in the oil) was high at the 12 Oct. HD and low at the other HDs. In the spring of 2012, spearmint emerged in late April and was unaffected by the Wyoming winter or by the early spring frosts. This preliminary study suggests 'Native' spearmint may be a viable crop for northern Wyoming at elevation of approximate to 1170 m. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Jeliazkova, Ekaterina] Univ Wyoming, Sheridan Res & Extens Ctr, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Astatkie, Tess] Dalhousie Univ, Fac Agr, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Sheridan Res & Extens Ctr, 663 Wyarno Rd, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. EM vjeliazk@uwyo.edu RI Astatkie, Tess/J-7231-2012 OI Astatkie, Tess/0000-0002-9779-8789 FU SunGrant Initiative Program project entitled "Development of Production Systems for Emerging Feedstock for Double Utilization" FX This research was funded by the SunGrant Initiative Program project entitled "Development of Production Systems for Emerging Feedstock for Double Utilization" awarded to Dr. Zheljazkov. We thank Mr. Lyn Ciampa, Ms. Lacey Fisher, Ms. Berva Brock, Ms. Michelle Box, and Mrs. Leanne Roadifer for their help with the field trials and oil extraction. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2012 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1603 EP 1606 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 046JS UT WOS:000311761900008 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, Lihan TI Mathematical modeling and numerical analysis of the growth of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in spinach leaves SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kinetic analysis; Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli; Spinach ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; EPIPHYTIC BACTERIA; FRESH PRODUCE; TEMPERATURE; INFECTIONS; O157-H7; O157H7; LETTUCE; MICROORGANISMS; POPULATIONS AB This study was conducted to investigate the growth of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in spinach leaves and to develop kinetic models to describe the bacterial growth. Six serogroups of non-O157 STEC, including O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145, were used in the growth studies conducted isothermally at 4, 8, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C. Both STEC and background microflora were enumerated to develop kinetic models. Growth of STEC in spinach leaves was observed at elevated temperatures (15-35 degrees C), but not at 4 and 8 degrees C. This study considered the dynamic interactions between the STEC cells and the background microflora. A modified Lotka-Volterra and logistic equation was used to simulate the bacterial growth. In combination with an unconstrained optimization procedure, the differential growth equations were solved numerically to evaluate the dynamic interactions between the STEC cells and the background microflora, and to determine the kinetic parameters by fitting each growth curve to the growth equations. A close agreement between the experimental growth curves and the numerical analysis results was obtained. The analytical results showed that the growth of STEC in spinach leaves was unhindered when the population was low, but the growth was suppressed by the background microflora as the STEC population approached the maximum population density. The effect of temperature on the growth of both STEC and background microflora was also evaluated. Secondary models, evaluating the effect of temperature on growth rates, were also developed. The estimated apparent minimum growth temperature for STEC was 11 degrees C in commercial spinach leaves. The methodology and results of this study can be used to examine the dynamic interactions and growth between different bacteria in foods, and to conduct risk assessments of STEC in spinach leaves. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 160 IS 1 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.09.019 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 046NC UT WOS:000311770700005 PM 23141643 ER PT J AU Kim, S Biswas, A Singh, M Peterson, SC Liu, S AF Kim, Sanghoon Biswas, Atanu Singh, Mukti Peterson, Steven C. Liu, Sean TI Thermal dissolution of maize starches in aqueous medium SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dissolution of starch; Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC); Thermal degradation ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALKALINE DISSOLUTION; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CORN STARCHES; AMYLOSE AB Starches are insoluble in neutral water at room temperature. However, if they are heated beyond the boiling point of water in a closed container, they eventually dissolve. The dissolution profile depends on the type of starch. The dissolution processes of maize starches were monitored in real time by measuring the transmittance of starch dispersion/solution while it was heated. It was found that the dissolution of starches in water results from the degradation of the two components of starches, amylopectin and amylose. Starches from both normal maize and waxy maize were fully dissolved in water when their aqueous solution was heated to approximately 174 degrees C. Upon cooling to room temperature, amylopectin remained in a solubilized state while amylose molecules were retrograded. For starch solutions that have been heated to higher than 191 degrees C, the color turned brown and the retrogradation of amylose was not observed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kim, Sanghoon; Biswas, Atanu; Singh, Mukti; Peterson, Steven C.; Liu, Sean] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sanghoon.kim@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 EI 1095-9963 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 56 IS 3 BP 720 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.08.004 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 044BP UT WOS:000311594700028 ER PT J AU Gambetta, GA Manuck, CM Drucker, ST Shaghasi, T Fort, K Matthews, MA Walker, MA McElrone, AJ AF Gambetta, G. A. Manuck, C. M. Drucker, S. T. Shaghasi, T. Fort, K. Matthews, M. A. Walker, M. A. McElrone, A. J. TI The relationship between root hydraulics and scion vigour across Vitis rootstocks: what role do root aquaporins play? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE fine-root hydraulics; grapevines; PIPs; plasma-membrane intrinsic proteins; root aquaporins; rootstocks ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE AQUAPORINS; WATER CHANNELS AQUAPORINS; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; CV PINOT-NOIR; GRAPE BERRIES; VINE VIGOR; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SALT STRESS; EXPRESSION; CONDUCTIVITY AB Vitis vinifera scions are commonly grafted onto rootstocks of other grape species to influence scion vigour and provide resistance to soil-borne pests and abiotic stress; however, the mechanisms by which rootstocks affect scion physiology remain unknown. This study characterized the hydraulic physiology of Vitis rootstocks that vary in vigour classification by investigating aquaporin (VvPIP) gene expression, fine-root hydraulic conductivity (Lp(r)), % aquaporin contribution to Lp(r), scion transpiration, and the size of root systems. Expression of several VvPIP genes was consistently greater in higher-vigour rootstocks under favourable growing conditions in a variety of media and in root tips compared to mature fine roots. Similar to VvPIP expression patterns, fine-root Lp(r) and % aquaporin contribution to Lp(r) determined under both osmotic (Lp(r)(Osm)) and hydrostatic (Lp(r)(Hyd)) pressure gradients were consistently greater in high-vigour rootstocks. Interestingly, the % aquaporin contribution was nearly identical for Lp(r)(Osm) and Lp(r)(Hyd) even though a hydrostatic gradient would induce a predominant flow across the apoplastic pathway. In common scion greenhouse experiments, leaf area-specific transpiration (E) and total leaf area increased with rootstock vigour and were positively correlated with fine-root Lp(r). These results suggest that increased canopy water demands for scion grafted onto high-vigour rootstocks are matched by adjustments in root-system hydraulic conductivity through the combination of fine-root Lp(r) and increased root surface area. C1 [Manuck, C. M.; McElrone, A. J.] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gambetta, G. A.; Drucker, S. T.; Shaghasi, T.; Fort, K.; Matthews, M. A.; Walker, M. A.; McElrone, A. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McElrone, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajmcelrone@ucdavis.edu RI Matthews, Mark/A-5714-2010 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5306-21220-004-00]; American Vineyard Foundation; California Grape Rootstock Improvement Commission FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the USDA-ARS CRIS research project 5306-21220-004-00 and grants from the American Vineyard Foundation to A.J.M. and the California Grape Rootstock Improvement Commission to K. F. and M. A. W. They are grateful to T. Knipfer for his critical input into the manuscript, K. Hoover for help with root sampling and molecular analyses, and J. Wolpert and M. Anderson for providing access to rootstock trial data for comparisons. NR 57 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 100 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 63 IS 18 BP 6445 EP 6455 DI 10.1093/jxb/ers312 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 044TE UT WOS:000311645700012 PM 23136166 ER PT J AU Olanya, OM Annous, BA Niemira, BA Ukuku, DO Sommers, C AF Olanya, O. Modesto Annous, Bassam A. Niemira, Brendan A. Ukuku, Dike O. Sommers, Christopher TI EFFECTS OF MEDIA ON RECOVERY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 AND PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS FROM SPINACH SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-CUT SPINACH; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; GROWTH; BEEF; RHIZOSPHERE; POPULATIONS; BACTERIA; O157-H7; H7 AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important foodborne pathogen implicated in contamination of leafy greens and can cause hemorrhagic colitis in humans. Efficient recovery and enumeration of E. coli O157:H7 (Ec) and Pseudomonas fluorescens from produce are crucial for efficacy of biocontrol of Ec. Biocontrol refers to the suppression, reduction or control of one organism with another. P. fluorescens (Pf) is used for biocontrol research due to its colonization potential and suppressive activity against many microbes. We evaluated the sensitivity and selectivity of Restaino and Frampton (R & F) E. coli O157:H7 chromogenic medium (RFCM) and the effect of storage time and temperature on recovery of Ec and Pf from cultures and spinach. Ec and Pf were inoculated at the same level. Microbial counts differed between media and Ec was identified on RFCM based on color (blue-black precipitate), while Pf had distinct white/translucent colonies that fluoresce under ultraviolet light. Bacterial populations from mixed cultures plated on media and recovered ranged from 3.68.7 and 4.27.7 log cfu/mL for Ec and Pf, respectively. Microbial counts on spinach ranged from 6.08.2 and 6.58.6 log cfu/g for the above bacteria. Bacterial recovery increased with storage time of 048 h, implying a possible increase of contact time for bacterial attachment. The RFCM was best suited for simultaneous recovery of Ec and Pf based on differentiation of colonies on media and can be an effective tool for biocontrol research. C1 [Olanya, O. Modesto; Annous, Bassam A.; Niemira, Brendan A.; Ukuku, Dike O.; Sommers, Christopher] ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 492 EP 501 DI 10.1111/jfs.12012 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 044II UT WOS:000311612400013 ER PT J AU Cronin, MA MacNeil, MD AF Cronin, Matthew A. MacNeil, Michael D. TI Genetic Relationships of Extant Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) and Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE brown bear; genetic distance; microsatellite DNA; polar bear; species ID COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; PRUDHOE BAY-REGION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GRIZZLY BEARS; DNA VARIATION; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; URSIDAE; ALASKA AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and brown bears (Ursus arctos) are closely related species for which extensive mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic comparisons have been made. We used previously published genotype data for 8 microsatellite DNA loci from 930 brown bears in 19 populations and 473 polar bears in 16 populations to compare the population genetic relationships of extant populations of the species. Genetic distances (Nei standard distance = 1.157), the proportion of private alleles (52% of alleles are not shared by the species), and Bayesian cluster analysis are consistent with morphological and life-history characteristics that distinguish polar bears and brown bears as different species with little or no gene flow among extant populations. C1 [Cronin, Matthew A.] Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [MacNeil, Michael D.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Cronin, MA (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer Res Ctr, 1509 S Trunk Rd, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM macronin@alaska.edu FU State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development FX State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 16 U2 171 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 103 IS 6 BP 873 EP 881 DI 10.1093/jhered/ess090 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 048IC UT WOS:000311903600011 PM 23125409 ER PT J AU Rinehart, JP Yocum, GD Robich, RM AF Rinehart, Joseph P. Yocum, George D. Robich, Rebecca M. TI Sugar Feeding Improves Survival of Nondiapausing Cold-Stored Culex pipiens SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex pipiens; northern house mosquito; cold storage; fecundity ID NORTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO; ANAUTOGENOUS POPULATIONS; DIAPAUSE; STORAGE; DIPTERA; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; HYMENOPTERA; EXPRESSION; CULICIDAE; FECUNDITY AB The continuous culture of mosquitoes is a costly endeavor for vector biology laboratories. In addition to the resources that must be committed to colony maintenance, biological costs, including genetic drift and accidental colony loss, also can occur. Although alternatives do exist, their application to mosquitoes is limited. Mosquito cryopreservation remains elusive, and many important species lack a well-defined diapause. Previously, we demonstrated that cold storing nondiapausing mated adult females of the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens L. resulted in a nearly four-fold increase in longevity when measured at the LT50, allowing for cold storage for up to 10 wk. In the current study, we used sugar feeding during cold storage to significantly improve cold storage longevity. At 6 degrees C, the LT50 of cold stored females was 23 wk, and 100% mortality was not realized until 43 wk. Cold-stored females did exhibit reduced fecundity, but egg production returned to normal levels within two generations. These results suggest that cold storage without diapause induction is a viable option for Cx. pipiens, and with the addition of sugar feeding, a colony could be maintained with less than two generations per year. C1 [Rinehart, Joseph P.] ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. Eastern Nazarene Coll, Quincy, MA 02170 USA. RP Robich, RM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM joseph.rinehart@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1347 EP 1354 DI 10.1603/ME12133 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 040EC UT WOS:000311303200019 PM 23270162 ER PT J AU Ali, A Cantrell, CL Bernier, UR Duke, SO Schneider, JC Agramonte, NM Khan, I AF Ali, Abbas Cantrell, Charles L. Bernier, Ulrich R. Duke, Stephen O. Schneider, John C. Agramonte, Natasha M. Khan, Ikhlas TI Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Biting Deterrence: Structure-Activity Relationship of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fatty acid; biting deterrence; repellent; structure-activity relationship; Aedes aegypti ID MOSQUITO REPELLENTS; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIVES; DISCOVERY AB In this study we evaluated the biting deterrent effects of a series of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids against Aedes aegypti (L), yellow fever mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) using the K & D bioassay module system. Saturated(C-6:0 to C-16:0 and C-18:0) and unsaturated fatty acids (C-11:1 to C-14:1, C-16:1, C-18:1, and C-18:2) showed biting deterrence index (BDI) values significantly greater than ethanol, the negative control. Among the saturated fatty acids, mid chain length acids (C-10:0 to C-13:0) showed higher biting deterrence than short (C-6:0 to C-9:0) and long chain length acids (C-14:0 to C-18:0), except for C-8:0 and C-16:0 that were more active than the other short and long chain acids. The BDI values of mid chain length acids (C-10:0 to C-13:0) were not significantly less than N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), the positive control. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, C-11:1 showed the highest activity (BDI = 1.05) and C-18:2 had the lowest activity (BDI = 0.7). In C-11:1, C-12:1, and C-14:1 BDI values were not significantly less than DEET. After the preliminary observations, residual activity bioassays were performed on C-11:0, C-12:0, C-11:1, and C-12:1 over a 24-h period. All the fatty acids (C-11:0, C-12:0, C-11:1, and C-12:1) and DEET showed significantly higher activity at all test intervals than the solvent control. At treatment and 1-h posttreatment, all fatty acids showed proportion not biting (PNB) values not significantly less than DEET. At 3-, 6-, and 12-h posttreatment, all fatty acids showed PNB values significantly greater than DEET. At 24-h posttreatment, only the PNB value for C-12:0 was significantly higher than DEET. The dose-responses of C-12:0 and DEET were determined at concentrations of 5D25 nmol/cm(2). As in the residual activity bioassays, the PNB values for C-12:0 and DEET at 25 nmol/cm(2) were not significantly different. However, at lower concentrations, the PNB values for C-12:0 were significantly greater than DEET. These results clearly indicate that mid chain length fatty acids not only have levels of biting deterrence similar to DEET at 25 nmol/cm(2) in our test system, but also appeared to be more persistent than DEET. In contrast, in vivo cloth patch assay system showed that the mid-chain length fatty acids, C-11:0, C-11:1 C-12:0, and C-12:1 had minimum effective dose(MED) values greater than DEET against Ae. aegypti and their relative repellency varied according to species tested. The MED values of 120 (C-11:0), 145 (C-12:0) and 116 (C-11:1) nmol/cm(2) against Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, indicated that these acids were not as potent as DEET with a MED of 54 nmol/cm(2). The MED ratio of the C-11:0 and C-11:1 for all three mosquito species indicated the C-11 saturated and unsaturated acids as more repellent than their corresponding C-12:0 and C-12:1 homologues. C1 [Ali, Abbas; Khan, Ikhlas] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.; Duke, Stephen O.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bernier, Ulrich R.; Agramonte, Natasha M.] ARS, USDA, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Schneider, John C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Miss State, MS 39762 USA. RP Ali, A (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM aali@olemiss.edu FU USDA-ARS (Agriculture Research Services) [56-6402-1-612]; Deployed War-Fighter Protection research program grant; U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX This study was supported in part by USDA-ARS (Agriculture Research Services) grant No. 56-6402-1-612 and a Deployed War-Fighter Protection research program grant funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. We thank Maia Tsikolia, Amber Reichley, and S. R. Weerasooriya for technical assistance and James J. Becnel, Mosquito and Fly Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, for supplying Ae. aegypti eggs. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1370 EP 1378 DI 10.1603/ME12026 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 040EC UT WOS:000311303200022 PM 23270165 ER PT J AU Obermayr, U Ruther, J Bernier, U Rose, A Geier, M AF Obermayr, U. Ruther, J. Bernier, U. Rose, A. Geier, M. TI Laboratory Evaluation Techniques to Investigate the Spatial Potential of Repellents for Push and Pull Mosquito Control Systems SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial repellent; push and pull system; Y- tube olfactometer; Aedes aegpyti; Novel Room Test ID TRAPS AB A protocol has been developed for the indoor evaluation of candidate spatial repellents intended for use in push and pull systems. Single treatments (catnip oil, 1-methylpiperazine, and homopiperazine) and a mixture of catnip oil and homopiperazine were tested with yellow-fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) in Y-tube olfactometers to determine 1) if these compounds inhibited mosquito host-seeking at short distances and 2) if results obtained in olfactometer tests can be correlated with a larger scale set-up, that is, a room test. All test materials significantly decreased the ability of mosquitoes to find host odors (from a human finger) by up to 96.7% (2.5% catnip and homopiperazine mix). Similar effects could be observed within a new room test set-up, which involved a repellent dispensing system and an attractive trap (BG-Sentinel). Mosquitoes captured by the BGS trap had to fly through a treatment-containing air curtain created by the dispensing system. Compared with the use of a control (ethanol solvent without candidate repellent), trap catch rates were significantly reduced when 5% catnip, 5% 1-methylpiperazine, and 5% homopiperazine were dispensed. Homopiperazine produced the greatest level of host-seeking inhibition with a 95% reduction in the trap catches. The experimental set-up was modified to test the viability of those technologies in a simple push & pull situation.. The combination of BGS trap and a 10% mix of catnip and homopiperazine helped to reduce human landing rates by up to 44.2% with a volunteer sitting behind the air curtain and the trap running in front of the curtain. C1 [Obermayr, U.; Rose, A.; Geier, M.] Univ Regensburg, Biogents AG, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. [Ruther, J.] Univ Regensburg, Inst Zool, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. [Bernier, U.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomolgy, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Obermayr, U (reprint author), Univ Regensburg, Biogents AG, Univ Str 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. EM ulla.obermayr@biogents.com NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1387 EP 1397 DI 10.1603/ME12084 PG 11 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 040EC UT WOS:000311303200024 PM 23270167 ER PT J AU Mastrangelo, T Chaudhury, MF Skoda, SR Welch, JB Sagel, A Walder, JMM AF Mastrangelo, T. Chaudhury, M. F. Skoda, S. R. Welch, J. B. Sagel, A. Walder, J. M. M. TI Feasibility of Using a Caribbean Screwworm for SIT Campaigns in Brazil SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE livestock pest; myiasis; insect mating; Cochliomyia ID NEW-WORLD SCREWWORM; COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX DIPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-GENETICS; FLIES DIPTERA; CALLIPHORIDAE; FLY; VARIABILITY; AMERICA; MEXICO AB The screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), remains one of the most damaging parasites of livestock in South America, causing millions of dollars in annual losses to producers. Recently, South American countries demonstrated interest in controlling this pest using the Sterile Insect Technique, and a pilot-project was conducted near the Brazil-Uruguay border in 2009. Since molecular studies have suggested the existence of C. hominivorax regional groups, crossing tests were conducted to evaluate mating competitiveness, mating preference and reproductive compatibility between a C. hominivorax strain from the Caribbean (Jamaica-06) and one from Brazil. Mating rates between Jamaican males and Brazilian females ranged between 82 and 100%, and each male inseminated from 3.3 to 3.95 females. Sterile males, regardless of the strain, competed equally against the fertile males for Brazilian females. Jamaican sterile males and Brazilian fertile males mated randomly with fertile or sterile females. No evidence of genetic incompatibility or hybrid dysgenesis was found in the hybridization crosses. Mating barriers should not compromise the use of Jamaican sterile males for Sterile Insect Technique campaigns in Brazil. C1 [Mastrangelo, T.; Walder, J. M. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Chaudhury, M. F.; Skoda, S. R.; Sagel, A.] ARS, USDA, KBUSLIRL, Screwworm Res Unit, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Welch, J. B.] USDA, APHIS, Screwworm Eradicat Program, Washington, DC 20521 USA. RP Mastrangelo, T (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, Ave Centenario 303,Caixa Postal 96, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM thiagomastrangelo@gmail.com RI Mastrangelo, Thiago/G-2968-2013 OI Mastrangelo, Thiago/0000-0003-1882-9565 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) FX We thank the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) for a fellowship and the USDA ARS Screwworm Research Unit and COPEG for the provision of facilities at Panama. This work is part of the Ph.D. thesis by T. Mastrangelo at the Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA for its use. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1501 DI 10.1603/ME11273 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 040EC UT WOS:000311303200038 PM 23270181 ER PT J AU Gray, PJ Zhang, LS Xu, HN McDiarmid, M Squibb, K Centeno, JA AF Gray, Patrick J. Zhang, Lingsu Xu, Hanna McDiarmid, Melissa Squibb, Katherine Centeno, Jose A. TI Determination of U-236/U-238 and U-235/U-238 isotope ratios in human urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Uranium; Depleted uranium; Uranium isotope ratio; Urine; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ID DETERMINING PICOGRAM QUANTITIES; GULF-WAR VETERANS; DEPLETED URANIUM; ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY; ICP-MS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; NATURAL URANIUM; SAMPLES; SURVEILLANCE; WATER AB Isotopic ratios of urinary uranium (U) provide a decisive tool in diagnosing a patient's potential exposure to depleted uranium (DU). This study investigated the measurement of urinary U-236/U-238 and U-235/U-238 ratios of ultra trace concentrations using a sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Uranium was separated from the urinary matrix and pre-concentrated by co-precipitation with calcium and magnesium after addition of ammonium hydroxide. The precipitates were collected, dissolved and analyzed by ICP-MS. U-235/U-238 and U-236/U-238 ratios were measured using a desolvating sample introduction system and a sector field ICP-MS. These ratios were accurately measured in samples containing as low as 5 ng L-1 U. U-236 measurement was hindered by abundance sensitivity limitations and uranium hydride ((UH)-U-235) formation. Measured U-235/U-238 and U-236/U-238 ratios were about 7 x 10(-3) and < 5 x 10(-6), respectively, in urine samples from patients not exposed to DU. The U-235/U-238 ratio was consistently about 2 x 10(-3) in 12 urine samples from patients with embedded fragments of DU, while the corresponding ratio of U-236/U-238 ranged from 9 x 10(-6) to 33 x 10(-6). This wide range in U-236/U-238 ratios might suggest different sources of depleted uranium in those DU-urine samples. It is proposed that U-235/U-238 and U-236/U-238 ratios are 7 x 10(-3) and <5 x 10(-6), respectively, in urine samples from individuals not exposed to DU, and 2 x 10(-3) and 7 x 10(-6), respectively, in urine samples from DU-exposed individuals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gray, Patrick J.; Xu, Hanna; Centeno, Jose A.] Joint Pathol Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [McDiarmid, Melissa] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Squibb, Katherine] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zhang, Lingsu] USDA, AMS, S&T, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Centeno, JA (reprint author), Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facil Washington, Biophys Toxicol Lab, Joint Pathol Ctr, Malcolm Grow Med Clin, 1057 W Perimeter Rd, Joint Base Andrews, MD 20762 USA. EM Jose.a.Centeno@us.army.mil OI Gray, Patrick/0000-0002-8248-2749 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 105 SI SI BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.microc.2012.07.004 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 039QE UT WOS:000311260800016 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT Estell, RE Havstad, KM AF Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Estell, Rick E. Havstad, Kris M. TI Big Questions Emerging from a Century of Rangeland Science and Management SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Estell, Rick E.; Havstad, Kris M.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 543 EP 544 DI 10.2111/10.2111/REM-D-12-00112.1 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047EH UT WOS:000311820000001 ER PT J AU Sayre, NF deBuys, W Bestelmeyer, BT Havstad, KM AF Sayre, Nathan F. deBuys, William Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Havstad, Kris M. TI "The Range Problem" After a Century of Rangeland Science: New Research Themes for Altered Landscapes SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE applied science; ecosystem management; range science history; science-management linkages; translational science ID LOCAL KNOWLEDGE; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; SERVICES; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS AB The rangeland science profession in the United States has its roots in the widespread overgrazing and concurrent severe droughts of the late 19th century. These drivers contributed to rangeland resource degradation especially in the American Southwest what E. O. Wooton (1908) called the "Range Problem." Although logical for the time, the scientific activities and resulting policies that arose out of this catastrophe were based on reductionist experimentation and productionist emphases on food and fiber. After a century of science and policy, there are two additional perspectives that shape our vision for the emphases of the future. First, rangeland landscapes are extremely heterogeneous; general principles derived from scientific experimentation cannot be easily or generally applied without adjusting to the distinct societal and ecological characteristics of a location. Second, rangeland management occurs at spatial scales considerably larger than those that have typically been addressed in range science. Scaling up science results is not a simple, additive process. The leading features of the emerging science are 1) research at landscape scales and 2) over longer time spans that 3) approaches conservation and management practices as treatments requiring scientific evaluation, 4) incorporates local knowledge, 5) is explicitly applied in nature, and 6) is transparent in its practice. We strongly argue for a science that supports resource management by testing hypotheses relevant to actual conservation practices and iteratively applying its findings in partnership with managers in an ongoing, adaptive fashion. C1 [Sayre, Nathan F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Havstad, Kris M.] USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Sayre, NF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, 507 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nsayre@berkeley.edu NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 47 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00113.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047EH UT WOS:000311820000002 ER PT J AU Estell, RE Havstad, KM Cibils, AF Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Schrader, TS James, DK AF Estell, R. E. Havstad, K. M. Cibils, A. F. Fredrickson, E. L. Anderson, D. M. Schrader, T. S. James, D. K. TI Increasing Shrub Use by Livestock in a World with Less Grass SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE animal behavior; cattle; genetics; goats; plant secondary metabolites; sheep ID PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES; FLOURENSIA-CERNUA INGESTION; ACACIA-CYANOPHYLLA LINDL.; SHEEP CONSUMING TOBOSA; QUEBRACHO TANNIN DIET; IN-VITRO FERMENTATION; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; CONDENSED TANNINS; ESSENTIAL OILS; FEED-INTAKE AB Much of the world's rangeland is dominated by woody species. Competing land uses and continued encroachment of woody species into non woody-dominated rangelands have reduced grasslands in many parts of the world. Land use conversions to fuel and feed global populations, especially the increasing number of middle class people seeking broader, meat-based diets, will certainly continue. Halting and/or reversing further encroachment of woody species into grasslands is slow, expensive, and in some cases not possible. Yet, global livestock numbers continue to increase to meet the growing demand for red meat and other livestock products. How do we reconcile a world with less grass and the concurrent increased demand for forages to feed livestock? Strategies and mechanisms are needed to safely enhance shrub use by ruminants in order to capitalize on a presently underutilized forage resource. A number of approaches are presently available (e.g., choosing appropriate species and breeds, providing dietary supplements and additives, behavior modification, genetic selection) to increase shrub consumption, and new technologies such as biochemical markers of shrub intake need to continue to be identified and developed. Such strategies could provide important means for rural communities to adapt to changing land cover and climate. C1 [Estell, R. E.; Havstad, K. M.; Fredrickson, E. L.; Anderson, D. M.; Schrader, T. S.; James, D. K.] USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Cibils, A. F.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM Rick.Estell@ars.usda.gov NR 119 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 30 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 553 EP 562 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00124.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047EH UT WOS:000311820000003 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Brown, JR Bestelmeyer, BT Andrews, SS Baldi, G Davies, J Duniway, M Havstad, KM Karl, JW Karlen, DL Peters, DPC Quinton, JN Riginos, C Shaver, PL Steinaker, D Twomlow, S AF Herrick, J. E. Brown, J. R. Bestelmeyer, B. T. Andrews, S. S. Baldi, G. Davies, J. Duniway, M. Havstad, K. M. Karl, J. W. Karlen, D. L. Peters, D. P. C. Quinton, J. N. Riginos, C. Shaver, P. L. Steinaker, D. Twomlow, S. TI Revolutionary Land Use Change in the 21st Century: Is (Rangeland) Science Relevant? SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE degradation; economics; food security; resilience; soil; sustainable land management ID MARGINAL LAND; CONSERVATION; TERMINOLOGY; ARGENTINA; STRATEGY; STATE AB Rapidly increasing demand for food, fiber, and fuel together with new technologies and the mobility of global capital are driving revolutionary changes in land use throughout the world. Efforts to increase land productivity include conversion of millions of hectares of rangelands to crop production, including many marginal lands with low resistance and resilience to degradation. Sustaining the productivity of these lands requires careful land use planning and innovative management systems. Historically, this responsibility has been left to agronomists and others with expertise in crop production. In this article, we argue that the revolutionary land use changes necessary to support national and global food security potentially make rangeland science more relevant now than ever. Maintaining and increasing relevance will require a revolutionary change in range science from a discipline that focuses on a particular land use or land cover to one that addresses the challenge of managing all lands that, at one time, were considered to be marginal for crop production. We propose four strategies to increase the relevance of rangeland science to global land management: 1) expand our awareness and understanding of local to global economic, social, and technological trends in order to anticipate and identify drivers and patterns of conversion; 2) emphasize empirical studies and modeling that anticipate the biophysical (ecosystem services) and societal consequences of large-scale changes in land cover and use; 3) significantly increase communication and collaboration with the disciplines and sectors of society currently responsible for managing the new land uses; and 4) develop and adopt a dynamic and flexible resilience-based land classification system and data-supported conceptual models (e.g., state-and-transition models) that represent all lands, regardless of use and the consequences of land conversion to various uses instead of changes in state or condition that are focused on a single land use. C1 [Herrick, J. E.; Bestelmeyer, B. T.; Havstad, K. M.; Karl, J. W.; Peters, D. P. C.] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Brown, J. R.] USDA NRCS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Andrews, S. S.] USDA NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Baldi, G.] Univ Nacl San Luis, Grp Estudios Ambientales IMASL, San Luis, Argentina. [Baldi, G.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, San Luis, Argentina. [Davies, J.] IUCN, Global Drylands Initiat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Duniway, M.] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Karlen, D. L.] ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quinton, J. N.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Riginos, C.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Riginos, C.] Mpala Res Ctr, Laikipia, Kenya. [Shaver, P. L.] USDA NRCS, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Steinaker, D.] INTA, San Luis, Argentina. [Twomlow, S.] UNEP, GEF Biodivers Land Degradat Biosafety Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003 NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu RI Quinton, John/B-1290-2011; OI Quinton, John/0000-0003-1746-4795; Karl, Jason/0000-0002-3326-3806; Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 58 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 590 EP 598 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00186.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047EH UT WOS:000311820000007 ER PT J AU Monaco, TA Jones, TA Thurow, TL AF Monaco, Thomas A. Jones, Thomas A. Thurow, Thomas L. TI Identifying Rangeland Restoration Targets: An Appraisal of Challenges and Opportunities SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; conservation planning; ecosystem services; historic benchmarks; novel ecosystems; rangeland monitoring ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; TRANSITION MODELS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; PERSPECTIVES; HEALTH; SUSTAINABILITY AB Restoration activities are directed toward a broad spectrum of targets. Identifying a restoration target entails defining an ecosystem state and its desired functioning that can be attained through managerial interventions. First, we discuss how restoration targets must integrate economic, social, and ecological considerations in order to be feasible. Primary challenges to identifying realistic restoration targets include long-term managerial and fiscal commitments as well as the accommodation of inherent rangeland complexities stemming from social and ecological factors. Second, we illustrate how the existing tools of ecological site description, rangeland health assessment, and state-and-transition modeling present opportunities to identify flexible restoration targets. Last, we describe how to refine these targets using adaptive management in order to cope with constraints and to reduce the uncertainty of ecosystem dynamics typical of complex systems. Restoration should be viewed as both a rangeland management activity and a means to inform and guide interventions within a specific site. C1 [Monaco, Thomas A.; Jones, Thomas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Thurow, Thomas L.] Univ Wyoming, Renewable Resources Dept, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. RP Monaco, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tom.monaco@ars.usda.gov NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 54 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 599 EP 605 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00012.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047EH UT WOS:000311820000008 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Belnap, J Ludwig, JA Collins, SL Paruelo, J Hoffman, MT Havstad, KM AF Peters, Debra P. C. Belnap, Jayne Ludwig, John A. Collins, Scott L. Paruelo, Jose Hoffman, M. Timm Havstad, Kris M. TI How Can Science Be General, Yet Specific? The Conundrum of Rangeland Science in the 21st Century SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE downscaling; extrapolation; global ecology; integration; nonstationarity; spatial heterogeneity ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRANSITION MODELS; ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; VEGETATION SHIFTS; REGIONAL-ANALYSIS; LAND-USE; PATTERNS; STATE; MANAGEMENT AB A critical challenge for range scientists is to provide input to management decisions for land units where little or no data exist. The disciplines of range science, basic ecology, and global ecology use different perspectives and approaches with different levels of detail to extrapolate information and understanding from well-studied locations to other land units. However, these traditional approaches are expected to be insufficient in the future as both human and climatic drivers change in magnitude and direction, spatial heterogeneity in land cover and its use increases, and rangelands become increasingly connected at local to global scales by flows of materials, people, and information. Here we argue that to overcome limitations of each individual discipline, and to address future rangeland problems effectively, scientists will need to integrate these disciplines successfully and in novel ways. The objectives of this article are 1) to describe the background, historical development, and limitations of current approaches employed by these disciplines; 2) to describe an integrated approach that takes advantage of the strengths and minimizes the weaknesses of these individual approaches; and 3) to discuss the challenges and implications of this integrated approach to the future of range science when climate and human drivers are nonstationary. This integration will be critical for applying range science to the management of specific land units; will contribute to and benefit from the development of general ecological principles; and will assist in addressing problems facing society at regional, continental, and global scales. C1 [Peters, Debra P. C.; Havstad, Kris M.] NMSU, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Ludwig, John A.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Paruelo, Jose] Univ Buenos Aires, IFEVA Fac Agron, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Hoffman, M. Timm] Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), NMSU, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu RI Hoffman, Michael/K-4937-2016; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014 OI Hoffman, Michael/0000-0002-5843-2397; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892 FU USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0618210]; US Geological Survey; NSF [DEB 0320482]; University of Buenos Aires; CONICET; University of Cape Town's African Climate and Development Initiative (ACDI); BIOTA Southern Africa; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01 LC 0024A] FX D.P.C.P. and K.M.H. were funded by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range and the National Science Foundation (NSF) to the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program (DEB 0618210). J.B. was funded by the US Geological Survey. S.C. was funded in part by the NSF to the Sevilleta LTER Program (DEB 0320482). J.P. was funded by the University of Buenos Aires and CONICET. M.T.H. was funded in part by University of Cape Town's African Climate and Development Initiative (ACDI) and by BIOTA Southern Africa, which was sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research under promotion number 01 LC 0024A. NR 110 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 42 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 613 EP 622 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00178.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047EH UT WOS:000311820000010 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Augustine, DJ Ascough, JC Ahuja, LR AF Derner, Justin D. Augustine, David J. Ascough, James C., II Ahuja, Lajpat R. TI Opportunities for Increasing Utility of Models for Rangeland Management SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE climate change; decision making; enterprise levels; experiential and experimental knowledge; object modeling systems; state-and-transition models ID AUSTRALIAN GRAZING ENTERPRISES; DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS; TRANSITION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPUR MODEL; FORAGE PRODUCTION; ECOSYSTEM; SIMULATION; STATE; SUSTAINABILITY AB A large number of empirical and mechanistic simulation models and decision support tools have been produced for rangelands. Collectively, these models have considerably increased our fundamental knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of ecosystem functions, processes, and structure. We explore three areas where models for rangeland management are often challenging for land managers and enterprise-level decision making: 1) coping with spatiotemporal and climatic variability in implementing scenario forecasting, risk assessments, and adaptive management; 2) addressing outputs of multiple ecosystem goods and services and determining whether they are synergistic or competitive; and 3) integrating experimental and experiential knowledge and observations into decision making. Increasing the utility of models for rangeland management remains a key frontier and a major research need for the modeling community and will be achieved less by further technical advances and model complexity and more by the use of existing topoedaphic databases, the capacity to readily incorporate new experimental and experiential knowledge, and the use of frameworks that facilitate outcome-based, adaptive decision making at the enterprise level with associated economic considerations. Opportunities exist for increasing the utility of models for decision making and adaptive rangeland management through better matching of model complexity with enterprise-level, decision-making goals. This could be accomplished by incorporating a fundamental understanding of herbivory, fire, and spatiotemporal interactions with weather patterns that affect multiple ecosystem functions. Most important, effective models would allow land managers in a changing and variable climate to 1) evaluate trade offs in producing multiple goods and services, 2) optimize the application of conservation practices spatially (comparing costs and benefits accrued across different timescales), and 3) incorporate manager capacity, including experience, skills, and labor input. C1 [Derner, Justin D.] ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Augustine, David J.] ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ascough, James C., II; Ahuja, Lajpat R.] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 3408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Justin.Derner@ars.usda.gov NR 84 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 44 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 623 EP 631 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00122.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047EH UT WOS:000311820000011 ER PT J AU Karl, JW Herrick, JE Browning, DM AF Karl, Jason W. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Browning, Dawn M. TI A Strategy for Rangeland Management Based on Best Available Knowledge and Information SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological site; hierarchy theory; information system; integrated knowledge system; scale ID TRANSITION MODELS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; LAND MANAGEMENT; STATE; SCIENCE; SCALE; INDEX; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEM; RESOURCE AB Adapting what we currently know about ecosystems to a future where rangelands are changing is a new frontier in rangeland management. Current tools for knowledge discovery and application are limited because they cannot adequately judge ecological relevance of knowledge to specific situations. We propose development of integrated knowledge systems (KSs)-collections of resources (e.g., data, analytical tools, literature) drawn from disparate domains and organized around topics by process-based conceptual models. An integrated KS would define relevance by ecological attributes (e.g., soils, climate, vegetation) and location as a flexible mechanism for organizing, finding, and applying knowledge to rangeland management. A KS provides knowledge sources within a decision-making framework that defines what knowledge is needed and how it will be used to make decisions. Knowledge from a KS can identify appropriate spatial and temporal scales to address specific resource questions or objectives. Several factors currently limit KS development and implementation. These include limited interoperability of disparate information and knowledge systems; lack of consistent geographic referencing of knowledge; incomplete and inconsistent documentation of the origin, history and meaning of data and information; underexploited application of remote sensing products; limited ability to extrapolate and share local knowledge and unstructured information; and lack of training and education of professionals that can link ecological and technical fields of study. The proposed KS concept and recommendations present an opportunity to take advantage of emerging technologies and the collective knowledge of rangeland professionals to address changing ecosystems and evolving threats. If we keep on with a "business as usual" approach to finding and using information, we will struggle to meet our responsibilities as rangeland professionals. C1 [Karl, Jason W.; Herrick, Jeffrey E.; Browning, Dawn M.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Karl, JW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jkarl@nmsu.edu OI Karl, Jason/0000-0002-3326-3806 NR 96 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 48 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 638 EP 646 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00021.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047EH UT WOS:000311820000013 ER PT J AU Ramsey, CL Jose, S Zamora, D AF Ramsey, Craig L. Jose, Shibu Zamora, Diomides TI Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Control with Imazapyr and Glyphosate Combined with and without Four Adjuvants SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE herbicides; adjuvants; pine plantation; invasive weeds; forestry site preparation ID ABSORPTION; TRANSLOCATION; CYTOKININS; EFFICACY; HERBICIDES; SEAWEED AB A herbicide/adjuvant study was installed in the panhandle of Florida to compare the effects of glyphosate and imazapyr, mixed with and without four adjuvants, for cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica [L.] P. Beauv.) control. Adjuvants included an organosilicone surfactant, methylated seed oil, seaweed extract/foliar fertilizer, and a sticker/protectant adjuvant. Cogongrass cover, foliar biomass, and rhizome biomass were selectively sampled at 12, 20, and 24 months after treatment (MAT). One year after application, all glyphosate treatments applied at 4.5 and 9.0 kg acid equivalent (ae)/ha were completely reinfested with cogongrass. At 12 MAT, cogongrass cover was 60 and 4% when 1.1 kg ae/ha of imazapyr was applied alone or mixed with seed oil. Also, cogongrass cover was 10, 25, 6, and 10% for imazapyr mixed with a surfactant, a seaweed extract, a seed oil + surfactant, or with seed oil + seaweed extract, respectively, at 12 MAT. At 20 MAT, cogongrass foliar biomass dry weight was 114, 76, 73, 81, 59, and 68 g/m(2) when imazapyr (1.1 kg ae/ha) was applied alone or mixed with seed oil, a surfactant, a seaweed extract, a seed oil + surfactant, or with a seed oil + seaweed extract, respectively. The lack of improved herbicide efficacy when adjuvants were mixed together indicates that they should be selected on a cost basis, and not combined when mixed with imazapyr. When imazapyr was mixed with the seaweed extract/foliar fertilizer, cogongrass photosynthesis did not decrease but remained comparable with the control plants at 72 hours pastapplication. C1 [Ramsey, Craig L.] USDA, APHIS, CPHSTLab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Jose, Shibu] Univ Missouri, Brainard, MN USA. [Zamora, Diomides] Univ Minnesota, Extens Ctr Food Agr & Nat Resource Sci, Brainard, MN USA. RP Ramsey, CL (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, CPHSTLab, 2301 Res Blvd,Suite 108, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Craig.L.Ramsey@aphis.usda.gov; joses@missouri.edu; zamor015@umn.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.5849/sjaf.11-009 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 042NC UT WOS:000311476900005 ER PT J AU Latif, QS Heath, SK Ballard, G AF Latif, Quresh S. Heath, Sacha K. Ballard, Grant TI THE NEST PREDATOR ASSEMBLAGE FOR SONGBIRDS IN MONO LAKE BASIN RIPARIAN HABITATS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL BIRD NESTS; SITE SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DESTROYING BEHAVIOR; POPULATION-GROWTH; PASSERINE NESTS; RISK; CONSEQUENCES; FOREST; VIDEO AB Because nest predation strongly limits avian fitness, ornithologists identify nest predators to inform ecological research and conservation. During 2002-2008, we used both video-monitoring of natural nests and direct observations of predation to identify nest predators of open-cup nesting riparian songbirds along tributaries of Mono Lake, California. Video cameras at 50 nests of 3 songbird species and direct observations of additional nests confirmed 10 distinct nest-predator species and suggested one additional species. Video-monitored nests experienced reduced predation rates, and video observations mainly captured nestling predation, even though predation rates were higher for non-video-monitored nests during the egg period. These findings suggest cameras may have missed some predators. By supplementing video records with field observations, we reduced the likelihood of excluding species from our predator list that substantially impact fitness due to camera-related biases. No single predator species emerged as predominantly important for shaping avian fitness. Nevertheless, we frequently observed garter snakes (Thamnophis sp.) depredating nestlings and Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) depredating eggs. Corvids and rodents were also identified as potentially frequent groups of nest predators. Video cameras recorded partial predation by 5 predator types, as well as several cases in which nests were visited by multiple predators. Finally, 6 of 7 predators that were video-recorded depredating artificial nests were species also documented depredating natural nests. These observations verify the relevance of artificial-nest data for further study of these predators. C1 [Latif, Quresh S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Heath, Sacha K.; Ballard, Grant] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Heath, Sacha K.; Ballard, Grant] Oikonos, Benicia, CA 94510 USA. RP Latif, QS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 1648 S 7th Ave,Montana State Univ Campus, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM qlatif@fs.fed.us FU Advanced Energy Group, the California Department of Fish and Game; Inyo National Forest; Bureau of Land Management; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Mono Lake Committee; USDA Forest Service Region 5 Partners in Flight; UC Riverside Biology Department; Center for Conservation Biology; Rocky Mountain Research Station (USDA Forest Service); National Science Foundation FX J. Rotenberry, L. Nunney, K. Weidinger, P. Coates, and 6 anonymous reviewers provided comments on early versions of this manuscript. L. Culp, R. Hirsch-Jacobson, C. McCreedy, S. Moss, C. Tonra, T. Stage, R. McGillicuddy, and numerous other PRBO biologists and volunteer field workers found and monitored nests and transported video equipment. Advanced Energy Group, the California Department of Fish and Game, Inyo National Forest, the Bureau of Land Management, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the Mono Lake Committee, and USDA Forest Service Region 5 Partners in Flight provided financial and logistical support and equipment. The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power provided access to city lands along Rush, Lee Vining, and Mill creeks. J. Rochester, R. Kapur, and F. Johnson donated finch eggs for artificial nests. G. Geupel provided videotapes. The UC Riverside Biology Department, the Center for Conservation Biology, and the Rocky Mountain Research Station (USDA Forest Service) all supported Q. Latif during his dissertation research and/or manuscript preparation. S. K. Heath was supported by the National Science Foundation through a Graduate Research Fellowship during manuscript preparation. This is PRBO Contribution #1876, NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 44 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2012 VL 72 IS 3 BP 276 EP 287 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046KA UT WOS:000311762700002 ER PT J AU Hollander, JL Vander Wall, SB Longland, WS AF Hollander, Jennifer L. Vander Wall, Stephen B. Longland, William S. TI OLFACTORY DETECTION OF CACHES CONTAINING WILDLAND VERSUS CULTIVATED SEEDS BY GRANIVOROUS RODENTS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID YELLOW PINE CHIPMUNKS; FIND BURIED SEEDS; TAMIAS-AMOENUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; DISPERSAL SYNDROMES; DESERT; LOCATIONS; RECOVERY; ABILITY; WATER AB We conducted a study to examine the ability of granivorous rodents to detect caches made with wildland (native and nonnative) and cultivated seeds at 3 locations in western Nevada with different vegetation types and rodent community structures. We established artificial caches containing either 2 or 3 species of wildland seeds or cultivated seeds. Five seed species were tested it each site. Under dry conditions, rodents found caches containing cultivated seeds much more rapidly than caches containing wildland seeds. Wet conditions resulted in a similar order of delectability; however, all species of seeds were located much faster in wet conditions than under dry conditions. Natural selection has likely acted on the wildland seeds to reduce their olfactory signal and potentially reduce predation upon those seeds. C1 [Hollander, Jennifer L.; Vander Wall, Stephen B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Longland, William S.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Hollander, Jennifer L.; Vander Wall, Stephen B.; Longland, William S.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Hollander, JL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jhollander@unc.edu NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2012 VL 72 IS 3 BP 339 EP 347 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046KA UT WOS:000311762700008 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Iversen, WM Evans, RG Stevens, WB AF Jabro, J. D. Iversen, W. M. Evans, R. G. Stevens, W. B. TI Water Use and Water Productivity of Sugarbeet, Malt Barley, and Potato as Affected by Irrigation Frequency SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BETA-VULGARIS L.; SOIL-MANAGEMENT; USE EFFICIENCY; QUALITY; GROWTH; SYSTEM; COTTON; YIELD AB Successful irrigation management is one of the most important agronomic practices for achieving profitable yield and maximizing crop water productivity (CWP) while maintaining environmental quality by minimizing water losses to runoff-and deep drainage. This study was conducted to compare the influence of two irrigation frequencies on crop water use (CWU) and CWP of sugarbeet (Beta vagaris L.), malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on a sandy loam soil in the semiarid northern Great Plains. The irrigation frequencies compared were: high frequency (HF) irrigation with biweekly application of small irrigation quantities, and the conventional low frequency (LF) with weekly application of large irrigation quantities. Irrigation frequency was varied based on either 15 mm (HF) or 30 mm (LF) cumulative crop evapotranspiration replacements. Seasonal CWU amounts were determined using the water balance equation of sugarbeet, malt barley, and potato under HF and LF irrigations for 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. No significant differences due to irrigation frequency were found for yield, CWU, and CWP of sugarbeet (root and sucrose), malt barley, or potato. Small differences in CWU values between HF and LF irrigations were due to variations in soil moisture content in the soil profile and drainage losses below the 0.91-m soil depth. Conventional LF irrigation thus can sustain yield, improve water use, and reduce net economic input as feasibly as HF irrigation practices when a self-propelled automated sprinkler system is used on a sandy loam soil. C1 [Jabro, J. D.; Iversen, W. M.; Evans, R. G.; Stevens, W. B.] ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jay.jabro@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1510 EP 1516 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0169 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 033BJ UT WOS:000310767200003 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Yang, Y Timlin, DJ Fleisher, DH Dathe, A Reddy, VR Staver, K AF Kim, Soo-Hyung Yang, Yang Timlin, Dennis J. Fleisher, David H. Dathe, Annette Reddy, Vangimalla R. Staver, Kenneth TI Modeling Temperature Responses of Leaf Growth, Development, and Biomass in Maize with MAIZSIM SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION; COUPLED MODEL; ZEA-MAYS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; INDIVIDUAL LEAVES; SIMULATION-MODEL; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT-MODELS; RAPID METHOD AB Mechanistic crop models capable of representing realistic temperature responses of key physiological processes are necessary for enhancing our ability to forecast crop yields and develop adaptive cropping solutions for achieving food security in a changing climate. Leaf growth and phenology are critical components of crop growth and yield that are sensitive to climate impacts. We developed a novel modeling approach that incorporates a set of nonlinear functions to augment traditional thermal time methods (e.g., growing degree days) for simulating temperature responses of leaf expansion and phenology in maize or corn (Zen mays L.). The resulting leaf expansion and phenology models have been implemented into a new crop model, MAIZSIM, that simulates crop growth based on key physiological and physical processes including C-4 photosynthesis, canopy radiative transfer, C partitioning, water relations, and N dynamics for a maize plant. Coupled with a two-dimensional soil process model, 2DSOIL, MAIZSIM was applied to simulate leaf growth, phenology, biomass partitioning, and overall growth of maize plants planted at two field sites on the Eastern Shore of Maryland and in Delaware for 3 yr of data. The model parameters were estimated using data from outdoor sunlit growth chambers and the literature. No calibration was performed using the field data. The MAIZSIM model simulated leaf area, leaf addition rate, leaf numbers, biomass partitioning and accumulation with reasonable accuracy. Our study provides a feasible method for integrating nonlinear temperature relationships into crop models that use traditional thermal time approaches without sacrificing their current structure for predicting the climate change impacts on crops. C1 [Kim, Soo-Hyung] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yang, Yang] Dow Agrosci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Timlin, Dennis J.; Fleisher, David H.; Reddy, Vangimalla R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dathe, Annette; Staver, Kenneth] Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM soohkim@uw.edu RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 FU USDA-ARS [58-1265-1-074]; University of Washington [58-1265-1-074] FX Authors thank Jackson Fisher and Emily Morris for their assistance with growth chamber and field studies. This work was supported in part by the Specific Cooperative Agreement: 58-1265-1-074 between USDA-ARS and University of Washington. NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1523 EP 1537 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0321 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 033BJ UT WOS:000310767200005 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC Miceli-Garcia, JJ Lyon, DJ AF Nielsen, David C. Miceli-Garcia, Juan J. Lyon, Drew J. TI Canopy Cover and Leaf Area Index Relationships for Wheat, Triticale, and Corn SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIMULATE YIELD RESPONSE; FAO CROP MODEL; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; AQUACROP MODEL; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; WINTER-WHEAT; PARAMETERIZATION; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB Previously collected data sets that would bc useful for calibrating and validating Aqua Crop contain only leaf area index (LAI) data but could be used if relationships were available relating LAI to canopy cover (CC). The objective of this experiment was to determine relationships between LAI and CC for corn (Zea mays L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and spring triticale (x Triticosecale spp.) grown under dryland or very limited irrigation conditions. The LAI and CC data were collected during 2010 and 2011 at Akron, CO, and Sidney, NE, using a plant canopy analyzer and point analysis of above-canopy digital photographs. Strong relationships were found between LAI and CC that followed the exponential rise to a maximum form. The relationship for corn was similar to a previously published relationship for LAI <2 m(2) m(-2) but predicted lower CC for greater LAI. Relationships for wheat and triticalc were similar to each other. C1 [Nielsen, David C.] ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Miceli-Garcia, Juan J.] LI COR Biosci, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. [Lyon, Drew J.] Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM david.nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1569 EP 1573 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0107n PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 033BJ UT WOS:000310767200009 ER PT J AU Zhu, Q Schlossberg, MJ Bryant, RB Schmidt, JP AF Zhu, Qing Schlossberg, Maxim J. Bryant, Ray B. Schmidt, John P. TI Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green Response to Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS TURF; AMMONIUM; ROOT; PERFORMANCE; CULTIVARS; BLUEGRASS; QUALITY; NITRATE; TISSUE; MODEL AB Within the range of environmental conditions for which creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is adapted, cultural management significantly influences golf course putting green (PG) growth and quality. The experimental objective was to identify PG quality and growth response to rate, type, and/or timing of foliarly-applied N fertilizer. In 2009 and 2010, three independent fertility trials were conducted on a sand-based PG established to a 1:1 blend of Penn A-1 and Penn A-4 creeping bentgrass. Excepting the zero-N control, treatments were prepared using amine or salt 15-0-7 liquid fertilizer comprising wholly-soluble nutrient forms and applied at 24.5+24.5, 37, or 49 kg N ha(-1). Clipping yields were collected weekly and digested for N content. Canopy reflectance was used to calculate normalized differential vegetative (NDVI) and dark green color (DGCI) indices. Nitrogen rate directly influenced PG mean NDVI, DGCI, clipping yield, and N removal. Likewise, the amine supported greater mean PG quality than the salt fertilizer. Availability of fertilizer, estimated by PG growth and N removal rate, declined dramatically over the 6-wk experiments. Initial PG growth response to the single 49-kg N application significantly exceeded the 24.5+24.5 kg N "split" application. However, beneficial response to split applications, relative to the single 49 kg N treatment, was observed in latter weeks. While commercially-available liquid fertilizers vary in their suitability, managers are recommended to employ a <15-d reapplication interval in meeting the 15 to 49 kg N ha(-1) monthly creeping bentgrass PG requirement. C1 [Schlossberg, Maxim J.] Penn State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bryant, Ray B.; Schmidt, John P.] ARS, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zhu, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. RP Schlossberg, MJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mjs38@psu.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1589 EP 1594 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0157 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 033BJ UT WOS:000310767200012 ER PT J AU Jantalia, CP Halvorson, AD Follett, RF Alves, BJR Polidoro, JC Urquiaga, S AF Jantalia, Claudia Pozzi Halvorson, Ardell D. Follett, Ronald F. Rodrigues Alves, Bruno Jose Polidoro, Jose Carlos Urquiaga, Segundo TI Nitrogen Source Effects on Ammonia Volatilization as Measured with Semi-Static Chambers SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-APPLIED UREA; OXIDE EMISSIONS; PIG SLURRY; SOIL; AGRICULTURE; CALIBRATION; MANURE; INHIBITORS; FERTILIZER; LOSSES AB Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is one of the main pathways of N loss from agricultural cropping systems. This study evaluated the NH3-N loss from four urea-based N sources (urea, urea-ammonium nitrate [UAN], SuperU, and ESN [polymer-coated urea]) surface band applied at a rate of 200 kg N ha(-1) to irrigated, strip-till corn production systems for 2 yr using semi-static chambers (semi-open and open) to measure NH3-N loss. The efficiency of the semi-static chambers in estimating NH3-N loss under field conditions was determined using N-15 labeled urea applied at rates of 50, 100, and 200 kg N ha(-1). Both chamber types had similar NH3-N recoveries and calibration factors. Immediate irrigation with 16 to 19 mm of water 1 d after N fertilization probably limited NH3-N volatilization from surface-applied N fertilizers to a range of 0.1 to 4.0% of total N applied. SuperU, which contains a urease inhibitor, had the lowest level of NH3-N loss when compared to the other N sources. Analyzed across years, estimated NH3-N losses for the N sources were in the order: ESN = UAN > urea > SuperU. Both years the results showed that measurement time may need to be increased to evaluate NH3-N volatilization from polymer-coated urea N sources such as ESN. The open-chamber method was a viable, low cost method for estimating NH3-N loss from small field plot N studies. C1 [Halvorson, Ardell D.; Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Jantalia, Claudia Pozzi; Rodrigues Alves, Bruno Jose; Urquiaga, Segundo] Embrapa Agrobiol, BR-23890000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Polidoro, Jose Carlos] Embrapa Soil, BR-22460000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Ste 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov FU EMBRAPA; Agrium Inc.; Agrotain International; Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet Project; IPNI Foundation for Agronomic Research FX The authors thank E. Buenger, P. Norris, B. Floyd, and R. D'Adamo for their assistance and support in collecting, processing, and analyzing the ammonia solutions, soil samples, and data reported herein, and the ARDEC staff for help with plot maintenance and Dr. Mark West, ARS Statistician, for help with the statistical analysis. Dr. Jantalia thanks EMBRAPA for the financial support and USDA-ARS for providing the facilities for all the experimental steps. The authors thank the IPNI Foundation for Agronomic Research with funding from Agrium Inc. and Agrotain International for financial support for this project. This publication is also based on work supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet Project. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 70 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1595 EP 1603 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0210 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 033BJ UT WOS:000310767200013 ER PT J AU Allen, VG Brown, CP Kellison, R Green, P Zilverberg, CJ Johnson, P Weinheimer, J Wheeler, T Segarra, E Acosta-Martinez, V Zobeck, TM Conkwright, JC AF Allen, V. G. Brown, C. P. Kellison, R. Green, P. Zilverberg, C. J. Johnson, P. Weinheimer, J. Wheeler, T. Segarra, E. Acosta-Martinez, V. Zobeck, T. M. Conkwright, J. C. TI Integrating Cotton and Beef Production in the Texas Southern High Plains: I. Water Use and Measures of Productivity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; SULFUR FERTILIZATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; USE EFFICIENCY; GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL; POPULATION; SILAGE AB Texas High Plains agriculture, largely dependent on water from the Ogallala aquifer for irrigation, exemplifies semiarid agricultural regions where irrigation is used at nonsustainable rates of extraction. Integrating crop and livestock systems has been suggested to conserve water and to achieve other environmental and economic goals compared with monoculture systems. From 1998 to 2008, two large-scale systems, with three blocks in a randomized block design, compared irrigation water, productivity, chemical inputs, and specific pests of (i) a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) monoculture, and (ii) an integrated three-paddock system that included cotton in a two-paddock rotation with grazed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) and the perennial variety WW-B. Dahl old world bluestem (OWB) [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S.T. Blake] in a third paddock for grazing and seed production. All paddocks were irrigated by subsurface drip. Angus crossbred beef steers (Bos taurus; initial BW 229 kg; SD = 33 kg) grazed 185 d from January to mid-July each year. During the 10 yr following the establishment year, cotton lint yield was similar and averaged 1370 kg ha(-1) for both systems. Bluestem seed yield averaged 25 kg pure live seed (PLS) ha(-1). Steers gained 139 kg on pasture and 0.79 kg d(-1). Per hectare, the integrated system used 25% less (P < 0.001) irrigation water, 36% less N fertilizer, and fewer other chemical inputs than monoculture cotton. Integrated production systems that are less dependent on irrigation and chemical inputs appear possible while achieving goals of sustainability, fiber production, and food security. C1 [Allen, V. G.; Brown, C. P.; Kellison, R.; Green, P.; Zilverberg, C. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Johnson, P.; Weinheimer, J.; Segarra, E.] Texas Tech Univ, Dep Agr & Appl Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wheeler, T.] Texas AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Acosta-Martinez, V.; Zobeck, T. M.] USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Conkwright, J. C.] High Plains Underground Water Conservat Dist 1, Lubbock, TX 79411 USA. RP Allen, VG (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM vivien.allen@ttu.edu FU USDA-Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education, Southern Region, Griffin, GA; High Plains Underground Water Conservation, Lubbock, TX FX Supported in part by grants from the USDA-Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education, Southern Region, Griffin, GA, and the High Plains Underground Water Conservation District no. 1, Lubbock, TX. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Received 13 Apr. 2012. *Corresponding author (vivicmallen@ttu.edu). NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1625 EP 1642 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0121 PG 18 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 033BJ UT WOS:000310767200017 ER PT J AU Tremblay, N Bouroubi, YM Belec, C Mullen, RW Kitchen, NR Thomason, WE Ebelhar, S Mengel, DB Raun, WR Francis, DD Vories, ED Ortiz-Monasterio, I AF Tremblay, Nicolas Bouroubi, Yacine M. Belec, Carl Mullen, Robert William Kitchen, Newell R. Thomason, Wade E. Ebelhar, Steve Mengel, David B. Raun, William R. Francis, Dennis D. Vories, Earl D. Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan TI Corn Response to Nitrogen is Influenced by Soil Texture and Weather SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT ZONES; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL CONDITIONS; YIELD RESPONSE; CROP; FERTILIZATION; METAANALYSIS; BARLEY; MAIZE AB Soil properties and weather conditions are known to affect soil N availability and plant N uptake; however, studies examining N response as affected by soil and weather sometimes give conflicting results. Meta-analysis is a statistical method for estimating treatment effects in a series of experiments to explain the sources of heterogeneity. In this study, the technique was used to examine the influence of soil and weather parameters on N response of corn (Zea mays L.) across 51 studies involving the same N rate treatments that were performed in a diversity of North American locations between 2006 and 2009. Results showed that corn response to added N was significantly greater in fine-textured soils than in medium-textured soils. Abundant and well-distributed rainfall and, to a lesser extent, accumulated corn heat units enhanced N response. Corn yields increased by a factor of 1.6 (over the unfertilized control) in medium-textured soils and 2.7 in fine-textured soils at high N rates. Subgroup analyses were performed on the fine-textured soil class based on weather parameters. Rainfall patterns had an important effect on N response in this soil texture class, with yields being increased 4.5-fold by in-season N fertilization under conditions of "abundant and well-distributed rainfall." These findings could be useful for developing N fertilization algorithms that would prescribe N application at optimal rates taking into account rainfall pattern and soil texture, which would lead to improved crop profitability and reduced environmental impacts. C1 [Tremblay, Nicolas; Bouroubi, Yacine M.; Belec, Carl] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Hort R&D Ctr, St Jean, PQ J3B 3E6, Canada. [Mullen, Robert William] Potash Corp Saskatchewan, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Kitchen, Newell R.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thomason, Wade E.] Virginia Tech, Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ebelhar, Steve] Univ Illinois, Dixon Springs Agr Ctr, Simpson, IL 62985 USA. [Raun, William R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Mengel, David B.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Francis, Dennis D.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Vories, Earl D.] USDA ARS, Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan] CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Tremblay, N (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Hort R&D Ctr, St Jean, PQ J3B 3E6, Canada. EM Nicolas.Tremblay@agr.gc.ca RI Raun, William/A-3075-2017; OI Raun, William/0000-0002-1206-1105; Tremblay, Nicolas/0000-0003-1409-4442 NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 57 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1658 EP 1671 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0184 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 033BJ UT WOS:000310767200020 ER PT J AU Waterman, RC Ujazdowski, VL Petersen, MK AF Waterman, Richard C. Ujazdowski, Valerie L. Petersen, Mark K. TI Effects of rumen-protected methionine on plasma amino acid concentrations during a period of weight loss for late gestating beef heifers SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Article DE Amino acids; Primiparous heifers; Rumen-protected methionine ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; INTESTINAL DISAPPEARANCE; DL-METHIONINE; IN-SITU; SUPPLEMENTAL METHIONINE; PLACENTAL GROWTH; OVINE PLACENTA; ENERGY-BALANCE; GROWING STEERS AB This study determined changes in plasma amino acid concentration in late-gestating (beginning 58 +/- A 1.02 days prior to calving), primiparous, winter-grazing range heifers receiving wheat middling-based supplement without (CON) or with rumen-protected methionine (MET) to provide 15 g dl-MET each day. Plasma was collected on days -2 and 0 (start of MET supplementation just prior to individually receiving supplement at 0700 hours). Plasma was sampled again on days 40, 42 and 44 prior to supplementation at 0700 and 1100 hours (4 h after receiving daily supplement). Data were analyzed with cow as the experimental unit. Continuous variables were analyzed by the main effects of treatment, date, or time and their interaction when appropriate. Comparable BW (P = 0.32) and BCS (P = 0.83) over the 44-day metabolism trial were found between both CON- and MET-fed heifers. MET-supplemented heifers had greater (P < 0.01) plasma concentrations of methionine indicating that the rumen-protection technology successfully delivered methionine to the small intestine. Supplementation with rumen-protected dl-MET caused a significant supplement x date interaction for glutamine (P = 0.03), glycine (P = 0.02), methionine (P < 0.01), and serine (P = 0.05). In addition, trends for supplement x date interactions were detected for leucine (P = 0.07), threonine (P = 0.09), valine (P = 0.08), total amino acids (TAA; P = 0.08), non essential amino acids (NEAA; P = 0.08), branched chain amino acids (BCAA; P = 0.08), and glucogenic amino acids (GLUCO; P = 0.08). These results suggest that the BCAA (leucine and valine) were utilized more efficiently with MET supplemented heifers compared to CON supplemented heifers. Plasma AA concentrations for glutamic acid (P < 0.01), histidine (P = 0.01), tyrosine (P < 0.01), and EAA (P < 0.01), all decreased throughout the study. These results further confirm methionine is a limiting amino acid in forage fed late-gestating heifers and further suggests the limitation when grazing dormant range forages as shown by improved utilization of other plasma amino acids when supplemental methionine was provided. C1 [Waterman, Richard C.; Petersen, Mark K.] ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Ujazdowski, Valerie L.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Waterman, RC (reprint author), ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, USDA, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM richard.waterman@ars.usda.gov FU United Sates Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [5434-21630-001-00D]; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station; Evonik-Degussa Corp., Kennesaw, GA, USA [30144] FX United Sates Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Area, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. All agency services are available without discrimination. This research was conducted under a cooperative agreement between United Sates Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by United Sates Department of Agriculture, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that also may be suitable. Research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (Project #5434-21630-001-00D). Authors declare that we received product (Mepron (R) M85) and laboratory analysis of plasma amino acids from Evonik-Degussa Corp., Kennesaw, GA, USA 30144 to conduct this study. The authors gratefully acknowledge Mrs. Whisper Kelly, Mr. Mike Woods, Mrs. Lindsey Voigt, Mrs. Susan Reil, Mr. Doug Armstrong, Mr. Alan Mason, and Mr. Tyler Johnson for their technical assistance. The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Robert L. Payne with Evonik-Degussa Corp., Kennesaw, GA, USA 30144, for support of this project.; The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest and that no additional funding was provided. Dr. Robert L. Payne with Evonik-Degussa Corp., Kennesaw, GA, USA 30144 was our contact for this study. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0939-4451 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5 BP 2165 EP 2177 DI 10.1007/s00726-012-1301-3 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 021CR UT WOS:000309863400031 PM 22555648 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Klein, M Leytem, AB AF Dungan, Robert S. Klein, Marcus Leytem, April B. TI Quantification of Bacterial Indicators and Zoonotic Pathogens in Dairy Wastewater Ponds SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; LAND APPLICATION; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SALMONELLA SPP.; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; MANURE AB Zoonotic pathogens in land-applied dairy wastewaters are a potential health risk. The occurrence and abundance of 10 pathogens and 3 fecal indicators were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in samples from 30 dairy wastewaters from southern Idaho. Samples tested positive for Campylobacter jejuni, stx(1)- and eaeA-positive Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Salmonella enterica, with mean recoveries of genomic DNA corresponding to 102 to 104 cells ml(-1) wastewater. The most predominant organisms were C. jejuni and M. avium, being detected in samples from up to 21 and 29 of 30 wastewater ponds, respectively. The qPCR detection limits for the putative pathogens in the wastewaters ranged from 16 cells ml(-1) for M. avium to 1,689 oocysts ml(-1) for Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp., Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and pathogenic Leptospira spp. were not detected by qPCR. C1 [Dungan, Robert S.; Leytem, April B.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. [Klein, Marcus] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, UNSW Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 78 IS 22 BP 8089 EP 8095 DI 10.1128/AEM.02470-12 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 028MX UT WOS:000310427500034 PM 22983964 ER PT J AU Saathoff, AJ Hargrove, MS Haas, EJ Tobias, CM Twigg, P Sattler, S Sarath, G AF Saathoff, Aaron J. Hargrove, Mark S. Haas, Eric J. Tobias, Christian M. Twigg, Paul Sattler, Scott Sarath, Gautam TI Switchgrass PviCAD1: Understanding Residues Important for Substrate Preferences and Activity SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Switchgrass; Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; Lignin; Protein mutagenesis ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; DOWN-REGULATION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; HIGHER-PLANTS; CELL-WALL; ARABIDOPSIS; FAMILY; L. AB Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyzes the final step in monolignol biosynthesis. Although plants contain numerous genes coding for CADs, only one or two CADs appear to have a primary physiological role in lignin biosynthesis. Much of this distinction appears to reside in a few key residues that permit reasonable catalytic rates on monolignal substrates. Here, several mutant proteins were generated using switchgrass wild type (WT) PviCAD1 as a template to understand the role of some of these key residues, including a proton shuttling HL duo in the active site. Mutated proteins displayed lowered or limited activity on cinnamylaldehydes and exhibited altered kinetic properties compared to the WT enzyme, suggesting that key residues important for efficient catalysis had been identified. We have also shown that a sorghum ortholog containing EW, instead of HL in its active site, displayed negligible activity against monolignals. These results indicate that lignifying CADs require a specific set of key residues for efficient activity against monolignals. C1 [Saathoff, Aaron J.; Sattler, Scott; Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hargrove, Mark S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Haas, Eric J.] Creighton Univ, Dept Chem, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Tobias, Christian M.] USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Twigg, Paul] Univ Nebraska Kearney, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. RP Sarath, G (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, 137 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Gautam.Sarath@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5440-21000-028-00D]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-AI02-09ER64829] FX We thank Nathan Palmer for his excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS project 5440-21000-028-00D and in part by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy grant number (DE-AI02-09ER64829). The US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer, and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of commercial products and organizations in this manuscript is solely to provide specific information. It does not constitute endorsement by USDA-ARS over other products and organizations not mentioned. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 168 IS 5 BP 1086 EP 1100 DI 10.1007/s12010-012-9843-0 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 040GN UT WOS:000311310300012 PM 22915235 ER PT J AU Li, XP Luo, XL Li, KC Zhu, JY Fougere, JD Clarke, K AF Li, Xinping Luo, Xiaolin Li, Kecheng Zhu, J. Y. Fougere, J. Dennis Clarke, Kimberley TI Effects of SPORL and Dilute Acid Pretreatment on Substrate Morphology, Cell Physical and Chemical Wall Structures, and Subsequent Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lodgepole Pine SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enzymatic hydrolysis; SPORL; Morphology; Wall structures; Sulfonation of lignin ID CELLULOSIC ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; WOODY BIOMASS; RECALCITRANCE; ADSORPTION; LIGNIN; SACCHARIFICATION; LIGNOCELLULOSE; SOFTWOOD AB The effects of pretreatment by dilute acid and sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on substrate morphology, cell wall physical and chemical structures, along with the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of lodgepole pine substrate were investigated. FE-SEM and TEM images of substrate structural morphological changes showed that SPORL pretreatment resulted in fiber separation, where SPORL high pH (4.2) pretreatment exhibited better fiber separation than SPORL low pH (1.9) pretreatment. Dilute acid pretreatment produced very poor fiber separation, consisting mostly of fiber bundles. The removal of almost all hemicelluloses in the dilute acid pretreated substrate did not overcome recalcitrance to achieve a high cellulose conversion when lignin removal was limited. SPORL high pH pretreatment removed more lignin but less hemicellulose, while SPORL low pH pretreatment removed about the same amount of lignin and hemicelluloses in lodgepole pine substrates when compared with dilute acid pretreatment. Substrates pretreated with either SPORL process had a much higher cellulose conversion than those produced with dilute acid pretreatment. Lignin removal in addition to removal of hemicellulose in SPORL pretreatment plays an important role in improving the cellulose hydrolysis of the substrate. C1 [Li, Xinping; Li, Kecheng; Fougere, J. Dennis; Clarke, Kimberley] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Chem Engn, Fredericton, NB E3B 6C2, Canada. [Li, Xinping] Shaanxi Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Papermaking Engn, Xian 710021, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Luo, Xiaolin] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Engn, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Luo, Xiaolin; Zhu, J. Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Li, KC (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Chem Engn, POB 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 6C2, Canada. EM kecheng@unb.ca OI Fougere, Dennis/0000-0001-5669-0678 FU NSERC FX Financial support of NSERC Strategic Project Grant, Irving Paper, and Resolute Forest Products to this study is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge Fred Matt (USFS-FPL) for conducting the carbohydrate analysis of the solid substrates. Part of this work is conducted on official US government time by Zhu. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 38 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 168 IS 6 BP 1556 EP 1567 DI 10.1007/s12010-012-9878-2 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 040GO UT WOS:000311310400017 PM 22968589 ER PT J AU Cook, MB Kamangar, F Weinstein, SJ Albanes, D Virtamo, J Taylor, PR Abnet, CC Wood, RJ Petty, G Cross, AJ Dawsey, SM AF Cook, Michael B. Kamangar, Farin Weinstein, Stephanie J. Albanes, Demetrius Virtamo, Jarmo Taylor, Philip R. Abnet, Christian C. Wood, Richard J. Petty, Gayle Cross, Amanda J. Dawsey, Sanford M. TI Iron in Relation to Gastric Cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; SERUM FERRITIN; STOMACH-CANCER; CARDIA CANCER; RISK; ADENOCARCINOMAS; DEFICIENCY; JAPANESE; STORES; CARCINOGENESIS AB Background: Iron is an essential micronutrient that can have carcinogenic effects when at high or low concentrations. Previous studies of iron in relation to gastric cancer have not assessed subtype-specific relationships. We used the prospective Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study to assess whether iron metrics were associated with gastric cardia cancer (GCC) and gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC). Methods: We selected 341 incident gastric cancer cases (86 cardia, 172 noncardia, and 83 nonspecified), accrued during 22 years of follow-up, and 341 individually matched controls. We measured prediagnostic serum iron, ferritin, unsaturated iron binding capacity, and C-reactive protein. Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation were estimated from these metrics. Dietary iron exposures were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: Serum iron metrics were not associated with GCC, except for a potential "n"-shaped relationship with TIBC (global P = 0.038). GNCC was inversely associated with serum ferritin (global P = 0.024), serum iron (global P = 0.060) and, possibly, transferrin saturation. TIBC appeared to share a "u"-shaped relationship with GNCC (global P = 0.033). Dietary iron exposures were not associated with either subsite. Adjustment for Helicobacter pylori and gastric atrophy had little effect on observed associations. Conclusions: We found little evidence for the involvement of iron exposure in the pathogenesis of GCC. GNCC was associated with an iron profile similar to that of iron deficiency. Impact: Our findings indicate that inverse associations between iron metrics and gastric cancer are driven by associations with GNCC. Further elucidation of potential mechanisms is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(11); 2033-42. (C)2012 AACR. C1 [Cook, Michael B.; Kamangar, Farin; Weinstein, Stephanie J.; Albanes, Demetrius; Taylor, Philip R.; Abnet, Christian C.; Cross, Amanda J.; Dawsey, Sanford M.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Kamangar, Farin] Morgan State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Anal, Sch Community Hlth & Policy, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Wood, Richard J.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Wood, Richard J.; Petty, Gayle] Tufts Univ, Nutr Evaluat Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Virtamo, Jarmo] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Chron Dis Prevent, Helsinki, Finland. RP Cook, MB (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS Suite 550,Room 5014, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM michael.cook@nih.gov RI Cook, Michael/A-5641-2009; Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015; Abnet, Christian/C-4111-2015 OI Cook, Michael/0000-0002-0533-7302; Abnet, Christian/0000-0002-3008-7843 FU Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services FX Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2033 EP 2042 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0799 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 035GP UT WOS:000310931700017 PM 23001240 ER PT J AU Resop, JP Fleisher, DH Wang, QG Timlin, DJ Reddy, VR AF Resop, Jonathan P. Fleisher, David H. Wang, Qingguo Timlin, Dennis J. Reddy, Vangimalla R. TI Combining explanatory crop models with geospatial data for regional analyses of crop yield using field-scale modeling units SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Crop modeling; Geographic information systems; Spatial aggregation; Regional analysis; Sensitivity analysis; Land use change ID CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; SIMULATION-MODELS; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; DECISION-SUPPORT; RICE PRODUCTION; WINTER-WHEAT; GIS; IMPACTS AB Crop models are used to predict yield and resource requirements as well as to evaluate different climate or management scenarios at a specific site. However, problems involving land use or global climate change encompass larger, more diverse, spatial scales and would benefit from simulating over broader areas using high-resolution, spatially-distributed data. A geospatial interface was developed to combine the explanatory potato crop model SPUDSIM with the geographic information system (GIS) software ArcGIS using the scripting language Python. Multiple geospatial input data layers were incorporated, including weather, soil, management, and land use. Modeling units (MUs) were defined as homogeneous field-scale areas created by the intersection of the input layers. Crop production was simulated for each unique combination of climate, soil, and management for MUs classified as cropland. The outputs (crop yield, water use, and nitrogen uptake) were mapped to show the spatial distribution within each county and aggregated to the county-level over the region of interest. An example was provided for potato production in Maine and illustrates how potential crop yield varies spatially over the state. The geospatial crop model showed evidence of both spatial and temporal variability of crop yield at the county level. The interface was designed to be flexible and easy to apply to applications such as evaluating crop production capacity and response under different scenarios. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Resop, Jonathan P.] ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Resop, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM resop@vt.edu FU USDA-ARS Headquarters Postdoctoral Research Associate Program; USDA-NIFA AFRI Grant [2011-68004-30057] FX This research was supported by the USDA-ARS Headquarters Postdoctoral Research Associate Program and the USDA-NIFA AFRI Grant #2011-68004-30057: Enhancing Food Security of Underserved Populations in the Northeast through Sustainable Regional Food Systems. NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 89 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2012.08.001 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 039KS UT WOS:000311245300006 ER PT J AU Yao, HB Huang, YB Hruska, Z Thomson, SJ Reddy, KN AF Yao, Haibo Huang, Yanbo Hruska, Zuzana Thomson, Steven J. Reddy, Krishna N. TI Using vegetation index and modified derivative for early detection of soybean plant injury from glyphosate SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Reflectance; Crop injury; Vegetation index; Derivatives; Soybean; Glyphosate ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; NARROW-BAND; DRIFT; RESPONSES; RED AB Glyphosate is a non-selective, systemic herbicide highly toxic to sensitive plant species. Its use has seen a significant increase due to the increased adoption of genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops since the mid-1990s. Glyphosate application for weed control in glyphosate-resistant crops can drift onto an off-target area, causing unwanted injury to non-glyphosate resistant plants. Thus, early detection of crop injury from off-target drift of herbicide is critical in crop production. In non-glyphosate-resistant plants, glyphosate causes a reduction in chlorophyll content and metabolic disturbances. These subtle changes may be detectable by plant reflectance, which suggests the possibility of using optical remote sensing for early detection of drift damage to plants. In order to determine the feasibility of using optical remote sensing, a greenhouse study was initiated to measure the canopy reflectance of soybean plants using a portable hyperspectral image sensor. Non-glyphosate resistant soybean (Glycine max L Merr.) plants were treated with glyphosate using a pneumatic track sprayer in a spray chamber. The three treatment groups were control (0 kg ae/ha), low dosage (0.086 kg ae/ha), and high dosage (0.86 kg ae/ha), each with four 2-plant pots. Hyperspectral images were taken at 4, 24, 48, and 72 h after application. The extracted canopy reflectance data was analyzed with vegetation indices. The results indicated that a number of vegetation indices could identify crop injury at 24 h after application, at which time visual inspection could not distinguish between glyphosate injured and non-treated plants. To improve the results a modified method of spectral derivative analysis was proposed and applied to find that the method produced better results than the vegetation indices. Four selected first derivatives at wavelength 519, 670, 685, and 697 nm could potentially differentiate crop injury at 4 h after treatment. The overall false positive rate was lower than the vegetation indices. Furthermore, the derivatives demonstrated the ability to separate treatment groups with different dosages. The study showed that hyperspectral imaging of plant canopy reflectance could be a useful tool for early detection of soybean crop injury from glyphosate, and that the modified spectral derivative analysis had a better performance than vegetation indices. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yao, Haibo; Hruska, Zuzana] Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Huang, Yanbo; Thomson, Steven J.; Reddy, Krishna N.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Yao, HB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM haibo@gri.msstate.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 89 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2012.09.001 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 039KS UT WOS:000311245300017 ER PT J AU Huang, M Zhu, QB Wang, BJ Lu, RF AF Huang, Min Zhu, Qibing Wang, Bojin Lu, Renfu TI Analysis of hyperspectral scattering images using locally linear embedding algorithm for apple mealiness classification SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral scattering; Partial least squares discriminant; Support vector machine; Locally linear embedding; Mealiness; Apple ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; FRUIT; SVM AB Hyperspectral scattering images between 600 nm and 1000 nm were acquired for 580 'Delicious' apples for meatiness classification. A locally linear embedding (LLE) algorithm was developed to extract features directly from the hyperspectral scattering image data. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and support vector machine (SVM) were applied to develop classification models based on the LLE, mean-LLE and mean spectra algorithms. The model based on the LLE algorithm achieved an overall classification accuracy of 80.4%, compared with 76.2% by the mean-LLE algorithm and 73.0% by the mean spectra method for two-class classification (i.e., mealy and nonmealy) coupled with PLSDA. For the SVM models, the LLE algorithm had an overall classification accuracy of 82.5%, compared with 79.4% by the mean-LLE algorithm and 78.3% by the mean spectra method. Hence, the LLE algorithm provided an effective means to extract hyperspectral scattering features for meatiness classification. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Min] Jiangnan Univ, Sch Internet Things, Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Proc Control Light Ind, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lu, Renfu] Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Jiangnan Univ, Sch Internet Things, Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Proc Control Light Ind, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM huangmzqb@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61275155, 61271384]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (China) [BK2011148]; Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China [2011M500851, 2012T50463]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [JUSRP21132]; 111 Project [B12018] FX Dr. Min Huang gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61275155 and 61271384), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (China, BK2011148), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 2011M500851 and 2012T50463), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. JUSRP21132) and the 111 Project (B12018). NR 24 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 89 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2012.09.003 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 039KS UT WOS:000311245300019 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Alston, DG AF Yee, Wee L. Alston, Diane G. TI Control of Rhagoletis indifferens using thiamethoxam and spinosad baits under external fly pressure and its relation to rapidity of kill and residual bait activity SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Tephritidae; Neonicotinoid insecticide; Spinosyn insecticide; Mortality; Oviposition ID BLUEBERRY MAGGOT DIPTERA; INSECTICIDAL BAIT; AMMONIUM ACETATE; TEPHRITIDAE; FRUIT; MORTALITY; GF-120; OVIPOSITION; ATTRACTION; RESPONSES AB Control of western cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis indifferens Curran) using thiamethoxam in sucrose bait (sucrose only) and spinosad bait (GF-120, spinosad in a mix of sugar, protein, ammonium acetate, and other ingredients) in cherry orchards with external fly pressure and the residual activity of these baits were studied in Washington state and Utah, U.S.A., in 2010 and 2011. Thiamethoxam baits applied weekly controlled larval infestations better than spinosad bait applied weekly in one of four trials and did not differ from spinosad bait applied weekly in the remaining trials. Thiamethoxam baits applied every two weeks controlled larval infestations better than spinosad bait applied every two weeks in two of three trials, and did not differ statistically from spinosad bait applied weekly. Thiamethoxam bait that was aged on sweet cherry leaves in the field for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days killed flies more rapidly than spinosad bait that was aged for the same periods and reduced oviposition more than spinosad bait in the laboratory. Thiamethoxam bait retained activity up to 21 days of aging whereas spinosad bait lost activity after 14 or 21 days of aging. Results suggest that when there is external fly pressure, the potentiality of thiamethoxam bait to kill mature It indifferens more rapidly than spinosad bait may not always translate to better fly control. However, when sprays are applied every two weeks, the longer residual activity of thiamethoxam than spinosad bait does appear to translate to better fly control. This study presents thiamethoxam with sucrose as a new option for an effective bait spray against R. indifferens. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yee, Wee L.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Alston, Diane G.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 41 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.05.013 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 036XO UT WOS:000311065800003 ER PT J AU Linz, GM Winter, JB Bleier, WJ AF Linz, George M. Winter, Jamison B. Bleier, William J. TI Evaluation of elevated bait trays for attracting blackbirds (Icteridae) in central North Dakota SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Avicide; Bait trays; Blackbirds; DRC-1339; Sunflower damage; Population management ID SUNFLOWERS; DAMAGE; BIRDS; TOXICITY; DRC-1339 AB Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) became an economically important crop in North Dakota in the 1970s, providing a major source of food for post-breeding blackbirds (Icteridae). Reducing local blackbird populations with rice grains treated with an avicide is one proposed alternative for reducing sunflower damage. In fall 2007 and 2008, we evaluated the idea of attracting blackbirds to rice-baited trays attached to wire cages supplied with live blackbirds. During our observations (1011 h), we saw 3888 birds, consisting of 25 species and 12 families, on the bait trays. Blackbirds made up 90.4% of the bird observations, whereas sparrows (Emberizidae) made up 1.6% of the birds observed. Overall risk to nontarget species appeared minimal. The bait trays, however, attracted a small number of blackbirds compared to the source population feeding in nearby crop fields. Our results strongly suggest DRC-1339-treated rice used on bait trays is unlikely to be a cost-effective method of reducing blackbird damage to ripening sunflower. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Linz, George M.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Winter, Jamison B.; Bleier, William J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Linz, GM (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2110 Miriam Circle,Suite B, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM george.m.linz@aphis.usda.gov FU North Dakota Crop Protection Product Harmonization and Registration Board; USDA Wildlife Service's National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC); Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University (NDSU) FX We thank G. Clambey, M. Biondini, S. Travers, and S. Tupper for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. We also thank K. Lash, E. Baumgartner, H. Pruit, M. Kramer, T. Slowik, J. Carlson, and S. Tupper, for assisting with cage fabrication, bird capture, and data collection. P. Mastrangelo provided assistance, equipment, and information on large blackbird roosts and bird damage. The U.S. Geological Survey Banding Laboratory (Master Banding Permit Station # 21672), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (MB019065-3) and North Dakota Game and Fish Department (GNF02238544, GNF02351012) issued pertinent scientific permits. Funding was provided by the North Dakota Crop Protection Product Harmonization and Registration Board, USDA Wildlife Service's National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) and the Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University (NDSU). Safety guidelines and animal care were reviewed and approved by the NWRC (Study Protocol QA-1457) and NDSU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. Mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or North Dakota State University. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 41 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.05.019 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 036XO UT WOS:000311065800005 ER PT J AU Hao, YF Chen, ZB Wang, YY Bland, D Parks, R Cowger, C Johnson, J AF Hao, Yuanfeng Chen, Zhenbang Wang, Yingying Bland, Dan Parks, Ryan Cowger, Christina Johnson, Jerry TI Identification of Pm8 Suppressor at the Pm3 Locus in Soft Red Winter Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POWDERY-MILDEW-RESISTANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; L EM THELL; RYE TRANSLOCATION LINES; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; RUST RESISTANCE; BREEDING LINES; AMIGO WHEAT; GENE PM8; CULTIVARS AB The 1BL.1RS wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-rye (Secale cereale L.) translocation possesses genes Pm8, Yr9, Lr26, and Sr31 for resistance to several major fungal pathogens of small grain cereals. However, not all wheat cultivars with the 1RS translocation are resistant to Pm8-avirulent isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), the causal pathogen of wheat powdery mildew. A suppressor is postulated to limit the function of Pm8 in certain genetic backgrounds, such as 'AGS 2000'. To illustrate the genetic basis of the suppressor in AGS 2000, a 178 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used by crossing AGS 2000 with another 1BL.1RS cultivar Pioneer 26R61 (Pm8 effective). A single Bgt isolate, Ken-2-5, avirulent to Pm8 and virulent to Pm3a was chosen to inoculate the entire RIL population at the seedling stage. One major quantitative trait locus (QTL), QSuPm.uga-1AS, was stably detected as having an inhibiting effect on Pm8 in AGS 2000, and the QTL was postulated to be Pm3a based on its location. Further evidence of the Pm8-suppressing nature of Pm3a was obtained when eight lines from the 2010 Gulf Atlantic Wheat Nursery were inoculated with Ken-2-5. The eight lines all have Pm8 (1BL.1RS) but were susceptible, as they also have Pm3a. In addition, a functional locus, QPm.uga-7AL, was identified in Pioneer 26R61, where it accounted for up to 41% of phenotypic variation in resistance to isolate Ken-2-5. QPm.uga-7AL was flanked by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Xcfa2257 and Xwmc525 on 7AL, and its relationship with other known Pm loci on this chromosome arm remains uncertain. C1 [Hao, Yuanfeng; Chen, Zhenbang; Wang, Yingying; Bland, Dan; Johnson, Jerry] Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Parks, Ryan; Cowger, Christina] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Johnson, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM jjohnso@uga.edu FU National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP [2006-55606-16629] FX The authors acknowledge financial support by the National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP (Grant No. 2006-55606-16629). The authors also thank Dr. Gina Brown-Guedira for kindly providing seed of the 2010 Gulf Atlantic Wheat Nursery (GAWN). NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2438 EP 2445 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.05.0317 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 028HP UT WOS:000310413700003 ER PT J AU Nguyen, VT Vuong, TD VanToai, T Lee, JD Wu, X Mian, MAR Dorrance, AE Shannon, JG Nguyen, HT AF Nguyen, V. T. Vuong, T. D. VanToai, T. Lee, J. D. Wu, X. Mian, M. A. Rouf Dorrance, A. E. Shannon, J. G. Nguyen, H. T. TI Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Resistance to Phytophthora sojae and Flooding Tolerance in Soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; HETERODERA-GLYCINES ICHINOHE; ROOT-ROT; PLANT INTRODUCTIONS; WATERLOGGING DAMAGE; QTL ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; GROWTH; YIELD; SOIL AB Phytophthora root rot (PRR), caused by Phytophthora sojae Kaufm. and Gerd., and flooding injury can limit growth and productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], especially on poorly drained soils. The objective of this research was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with flooding tolerance and/or resistance to P. sojae. Mapping was conducted using F-7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the flooding-tolerant and PRR-resistant accession PI 408105A and the flooding-intolerant line S99-2281. A genetic linkage map consisting of 613 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers was developed. Flooding tolerance was determined by measuring both plant injury and flooding yield index. Both Rps gene and partial resistance to P. sojae were measured for each RIL using the hypocotyl and layer tests. Genomic regions on four chromosomes were associated with genetic control of decreased plant injury and higher yield under flooded conditions. Of these, one region near markers Sct_033 and BARC-024569-04982 on chromosome 13 and one near BARC-016279-02316 on chromosome 11 were associated with partial resistance to P. sojae. The results indicate that genes for both flooding tolerance and P. sojae resistance were necessary to reduce injury and yield loss under saturated soil conditions and that these genes can contribute to increasing soybean productivity on soils prone to waterlogging. C1 [Vuong, T. D.; Nguyen, H. T.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Vuong, T. D.; Nguyen, H. T.] Univ Missouri, NCSB, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Nguyen, V. T.] AGI, Hanoi, Vietnam. [VanToai, T.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Wu, X.] Bayer CropSci, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. [Lee, J. D.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Div Plant Biosci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] USDA ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Dorrance, A. E.] Ohio State Univ, OARDC, Dep Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Shannon, J. G.] Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Shannon, J. G.] Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, NCSB, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. RP Vuong, TD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM vuongt@missouri.edu; nguyenhenry@missouri.edu FU Fulbright Program; United Soybean Board (USB); State and Federal Funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC); Ohio State University; Missouri Agricultural Experimental Station; USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit FX We thank the Fulbright Program for providing a fellowship for Vinh T. Nguyen to study at University of Missouri. This project was supported in part by the United Soybean Board (USB). We wish to thank S.A. Berry and N. Berry for technical assistance with disease assays. We also wish to thank Tim Mendiola and Lucinda Wallace for their help with the field flooding research in Wooster, OH. Salaries and research support provided in part by State and Federal Funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), the Ohio State University, the Missouri Agricultural Experimental Station, and the USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit. Commercial Endorsement Disclaimer - The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this manuscript is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement of approval by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, The Ohio State University/OARDC, or University of Missouri of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 70 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 44 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2481 EP 2493 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.09.0466 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 028HP UT WOS:000310413700008 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, James A. TI Leaf Transpiration Efficiency in Four Corn Cultivars Grown at Elevated Carbon Dioxide SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENRICHMENT FACE; DROUGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MAIZE; FIELD AB High leaf transpiration efficiency (TE) occurs in some cultivars of corn (Zea mays L.) and could be a useful trait to improve yield under water deficits. The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere continues to increase rapidly, and it is not certain that cultivar differences in leaf TE occurring at the current CO2 concentration would still occur at elevated CO2. Two cultivars of sweet corn with high leaf TE and two with low TE were grown for two seasons in plots with free-air CO2 enrichment systems to determine whether elevated CO2 altered the ranking of the cultivars in leaf TE. Measurements were also made at ambient CO2 2 h and 5 d after termination of the CO2 application. The results indicated that growth at 1.4 times the current CO2 concentration resulted in one cultivar having about 25% higher leaf TE than the other three cultivars, which had similar values of TE. The changed ranking of one cultivar was a result of growth at elevated CO2 and not the elevated measurement concentration. Thus, in one cultivar, the high leaf TE trait was stable across growth CO2 conditions, but in another cultivar, the high TE trait was no longer evident when the plants were grown at elevated CO2. Screening of corn genotypes for high leaf TE at projected future CO2 concentrations may be more efficiently accomplished at those concentrations. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Bunce@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2714 EP 2717 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.05.0268 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 028HP UT WOS:000310413700031 ER PT J AU Gillen, AM Smith, JR Mengistu, A Bellaloui, N AF Gillen, Anne M. Smith, James R. Mengistu, Alemu Bellaloui, Nacer TI Effects of Maturity and Phomopsis longicolla on Germination and Vigor of Soybean Seed of Near-Isogenic Lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION SYSTEM; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PLANTING DATE; QUALITY; DECAY; GERMINABILITY; IRRIGATION; INFECTION; ACCESSIONS; RESISTANCE AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed quality has declined in the mid-southern United States due to the shift to soybeans that mature during mid August through September as opposed to October to November, which was common in the past. This decline was shown to be related to increased temperatures during seed maturation, increased levels of Phomopsis seed decay (PSD), and potentially maturity per se. In this study, the effects of maturity and Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs, the cause of PSD, on seed quality were evaluated in a field trial of two sets of near-isogenic soybean lines ('Clark' and 'Harosoy'), where the maturity of each line within a set varied. No effects of maturity on germination, accelerated aging germination (AA), or hardseededness were detected. Phomopsis longicolla level had a significant negative effect on germination in both isoline sets. Year had a significant effect on germination in both isoline sets. In addition, year and P. longicolla level had a significant negative effect on AA for the Clark set, and only year had an effect on AA in the Harosoy set. Phomopsis longicolla level, not maturity, was the most significant factor in seed germination and vigor. Therefore, there continues to be a great need to develop varieties of soybeans with resistance to P. longicolla and high germinability when seed are produced in conditions of high humidity and high temperatures. C1 [Gillen, Anne M.; Smith, James R.; Bellaloui, Nacer] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Mengistu, Alemu] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Gillen, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM anne.gillen@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [6402-21000-034-00D, 6402-21220-010-00D] FX We wish to thank Debbie Boykin, USDA statistician, for her assistance with data analysis; the State Seed Testing Laboratory at Mississippi State, MS, for seed testing; and Phillip Handly and Ronnie Griffin for field plot work. This research was funded by United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, project numbers 6402-21000-034-00D and 6402-21220-010-00D. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2757 EP 2766 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.10.0566 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 028HP UT WOS:000310413700035 ER PT J AU Erion, GG Riedell, WE AF Erion, Gabriel G. Riedell, Walter E. TI Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Effects on Cereal Plant Growth and Transpiration SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPRING WHEAT; ROOT-GROWTH; APHIDS; OAT; RESPONSES AB Little is known about how changes in root system characteristics caused by barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection affect transpiration in cereal plants. Objectives of these greenhouse studies were to elucidate virus infection effects on plant growth and apparent transpiration rate in oats (Avena sativa L. 'Coast Black') and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Robust'). Seedlings were infested at the first leaf stage (13 d after planting) with viruliferous (BYDV) or nonviruliferous bird cherry oat aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) for 48 h. Aphids were removed and plants grown for an additional 26 d. Root and shoot dry weights, root-to-shoot weight ratio, leaf blade dry weight, leaf blade area, and apparent transpiration rate were measured. Data were subjected to ANOVA analysis. Viral disease symptoms, such as reduced tiller number, stunting, leaf chlorosis, and reddening, were more pronounced in oats than in barley. Virus infection decreased root dry weight by 88% in oats and 35% in barley, reduced root-to-shoot ratio by 65% in oats and 36% in barley, decreased leaf blade area by 75% in oats and 36% in barley, and reduced apparent transpiration by 73% in oats and 33% in barley. Thus, BYDV infection caused significant reductions in growth and water movement through the transpiration stream to a greater extent in oats than in barley, indicating that Coast Black oats was sensitive to BYDV infection whereas Robust barley was considerably more tolerant. C1 [Erion, Gabriel G.; Riedell, Walter E.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM walter.riedell@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 51 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2794 EP 2799 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0138 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 028HP UT WOS:000310413700039 ER PT J AU Springer, TL Wynia, RL Rea, GL AF Springer, T. L. Wynia, R. L. Rea, G. L. TI Field Emergence and Plant Density of Sand Bluestem Lines Selected for Increased Seed Germination SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ESTABLISHMENT; GRASSES AB Under field conditions water is often inadequate for satisfactory seedling establishment. This research investigated the field emergence and plant density of two lines (AB-medium and CD-tall) of sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack.) and three generations of selection (Syn-0, Syn-1, and Syn-2). Populations AB-medium Syn-1 and AB-medium Syn-2 were developed from AB-medium Syn-0 using two cycles of recurrent selection for increased seed germination at a low water potential. Similarly, CD-tall Syn-1 and CD-tall Syn-2 were developed from CD-tall Syn-0. Our objective was to verify if the increase in seed germination of selected populations would also lead to an increase in field emergence and plant density. Field testing involved planting the six lines in a randomized block design replicated four times at three locations over a 3-yr period. Field emergence and plant density were determined using a frequency grid method at 30, 60, and 90 d after planting (DAP). Percentage field emergence and plant density varied only with sand bluestem line (P < 0.01), generation of selection (P < 0.01), and number of DAP (P < 0.05). Field emergence averaged 52.5, 57.4, and 61.1% for generation Syn-0, Syn-1, and Syn-2, respectively. Plant density averaged 13.8, 15.2, and 16.1 plants m(-2) for generation Syn-0, Syn-1, and Syn-2, respectively. Therefore, selection for increased seed germination in sand bluestem also resulted in greater field emergence and higher plant density. C1 [Springer, T. L.] USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. [Wynia, R. L.] USDA NRCS, Manhattan Plant Mat Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Rea, G. L.] USDA NRCS, Plant Mat Ctr, Knox City, TX 79529 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM tim.springer@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2826 EP 2829 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0108 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 028HP UT WOS:000310413700043 ER PT J AU Kim, WH Jeong, J Park, AR Yim, D Kim, YH Kim, KD Chang, HH Lillehoj, HS Lee, BH Min, W AF Kim, Woo H. Jeong, Jipseol Park, Ae R. Yim, Dongjean Kim, Yong-Hwan Kim, Kwang D. Chang, Hong H. Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lee, Byung-Hyung Min, Wongi TI Chicken IL-17F: Identification and comparative expression analysis in Eimeria-infected chickens SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chicken; Cytokines; Eimeria infections; Interleukin (IL)-17F ID GENE-EXPRESSION; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; INTERLEUKIN-17 FAMILY; CYTOKINE; SEQUENCE; CLONING; GROWTH; CELLS; CDNA; INFLAMMATION AB Interleukin-17F (IL-17F) is a proinflammatory cytokine, which plays an important role in gut homeostasis. A full-length chicken IL-17F (chIL-17F) cDNA with a 510-bp coding region was identified from ConA-activated chicken splenic lymphocytes. ChIL-17F shares 53% amino acid sequence identity with the previously described chicken IL-17 (chIL-17A) and 38-43% with mammalian homologues. The locus harboring chIL-17 and chIL-17F displayed inverted order compared to those of mammals. ChIL-17F transcript expression was high in lymphoblast cell line CU205 and at moderate levels in small and large intestines and liver. ChIL-17F and chIL-17 expression profiles were examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in mitogen-stimulated splenic lymphocytes and intestinal areas affected by Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella infections. Expression levels of chIL-17F, like chIL-17, were elevated in mitogen-activated splenic lymphocytes. ChIL-17F, but not chIL-17, expression was upregulated in intestinal tissues affected by E. maxima and E. tenella infections. Recombinant chIL-17F biological activities were similar to that of chIL-17 in primary chicken embryonic fibroblasts. These results suggest that chIL-17F is a unique member of the IL-17 family of cytokines. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Woo H.; Jeong, Jipseol; Park, Ae R.; Yim, Dongjean; Kim, Yong-Hwan; Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Kim, Woo H.; Jeong, Jipseol; Park, Ae R.; Yim, Dongjean; Kim, Yong-Hwan; Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Life Sci Res Inst, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Kim, Kwang D.] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Div Appl Life Sci BK21, PMBBRC, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Chang, Hong H.] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lee, Byung-Hyung] Samdong, Daesung Microbiol Lab, Uiwangsi 437815, Gyeonggido, South Korea. RP Min, W (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. EM wongimin@gnu.ac.kr OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 FU WCU program through the National Research Foundation of Korea [R33-10013]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology; Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ008527032012] FX This research was supported by the WCU program (R33-10013) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and by the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (PJ008527032012), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. The funding sources played no role in the study design or data analysis. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 38 IS 3 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2012.08.002 PG 9 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 042JD UT WOS:000311466600001 PM 22922588 ER PT J AU Diamond, HJ Lorrey, AM Knapp, KR Levinson, DH AF Diamond, H. J. Lorrey, A. M. Knapp, K. R. Levinson, D. H. TI Development of an enhanced tropical cyclone tracks database for the southwest Pacific from 1840 to 2010 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; best tracks; data rescue; southwest Pacific; IBTrACS; visualisation tools; GoogleEarth (R) ID ARCHIVE AB The ecosystems and economies of small island nation states and territories of the tropical southwest Pacific region are widely agreed to be among the most vulnerable to climate variability and weather extremes anywhere in the world. Tropical Cyclones (TCs) are capable of exacerbating existing hazards and those made more severe by climate change (e.g. local sea level rise). In order to properly understand TC impacts in this region, a comprehensive database of TC tracks is required. This work has collated TC best track data from forecast centres around the globe with the aim of producing a unified global best TC track dataset for the historical period. Data from the International Best Tracks for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) project information for the southwest Pacific (135 degrees E120 degrees W, 5 degrees 25 degrees S) is built upon and included in this effort. We document the construction of an enhanced TC database for the southwest Pacific, the quality controls needed to construct the database, and discuss how it has enhanced the chronology of region-wide historical TC activity in light of newly discovered data. We suggest this enhanced dataset can be used in forthcoming climate and weather studies to better characterize the climatology and behaviour of TCs in the southwest Pacific. Copyright (c) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Diamond, H. J.] NOAA, NCDC, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lorrey, A. M.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Auckland, New Zealand. [Knapp, K. R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Levinson, D. H.] US Forest Serv, Redding, CA USA. RP Diamond, HJ (reprint author), NOAA, NCDC, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1202, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM howard.diamond@noaa.gov RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; OI Diamond, Howard/0000-0001-5026-0167 FU Foundation for Research Science and Technology [CO1X0701] FX The authors would like to recognize Professor Scott Shipley from George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, USA, in association with Mr Ernest Daddio from Riverside Technology, Inc. Dr Shipley is a leading GIS expert who assisted in the development of the necessary ArcGIS (R) techniques (and coding) necessary to digitize all the paper TC tracking maps that formed the basis for this paper. Dr Lorrey's work on this paper was partially supported by the Foundation for Research Science and Technology contract CO1X0701, 'Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change'. In addition, we would like to thank Mr Craig Stanton at NIWA Auckland for his assistance with formatting data into GoogleEarth (R) for input to the GrIT process; Ms Petra Chappel at Auckland University for her assistance in analysing data via the GrIT process; and Mr Michael Klatt at the University of Oklahoma who assisted in the initial database formatting of the digitized tracks that were used as input into the GrIT process. We are also thankful to Dr Jim Potemra and Ms Sharon DeCarlo of the Asia Pacific Data Research Center at the University of Hawaii for assisting in hosting the research web page noted in the paper. Finally, we are indebted to and would like to thank the directors and staff of the regional Meteorological Services in Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Tonga, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu for assisting us by sharing their paper-based TC maps that were critical to ensuring that the SPEArTC database had as much source information as possible in its construction. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 32 IS 14 BP 2240 EP 2250 DI 10.1002/joc.2412 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035XG UT WOS:000310985800011 ER PT J AU Garaulet, M Tardido, AE Lee, YC Smith, CE Parnell, LD Ordovas, JM AF Garaulet, M. Esteban Tardido, A. Lee, Y-C Smith, C. E. Parnell, L. D. Ordovas, J. M. TI SIRT1 and CLOCK 3111T > C combined genotype is associated with evening preference and weight loss resistance in a behavioral therapy treatment for obesity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE Sirtuin1; clock; evening preference; weight loss ID REGULATES FOOD-INTAKE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CIRCADIAN CONTROL; POPULATION; DISEASE; RISK; PGC-1-ALPHA; HOMEOSTASIS AB BACKGROUND: A new negative feedback loop has been proposed, which suggests connections between the circadian clock and SIRTUIN1 (SIRT1)-dependent functions associated with cell survival, development and metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To develop a SIRT1 and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) combined genotype and to assess its associations with the chronotype of subjects and their potential resistance to weight loss in a behavioral treatment for obesity based on a Mediterranean diet. DESIGN: Overweight /obese subjects (n=1465), aged 20-65 years, who attended outpatient obesity clinics, were genotyped for SIRT1 (rs1467568) and CLOCK (3111T>C, rs1801260). Anthropometric, biochemical and dietary-intake variables were analyzed. Effectiveness of the program and weight loss progression during 30 weeks of treatment was assessed. RESULTS: We found highly consistent associations between the morning/evening questionnaires across the different genotype categories. Subjects carrying minor alleles at SIRT1 and CLOCK loci (R group) displayed a higher resistance to weight loss and a lower weekly weight loss rate as compared with homozygotes for both major alleles (P group). Significant differences were found across genotypes in weight loss progression during the 30 weeks of treatment (P = 0.039). Dietary habits indicated that R carriers had a lower intake of total carbohydrates and monounsaturated fats, and a higher intake of saturated fats than those carrying the intermediate (M) and the P genotype (P = 0.02). Plasma ghrelin concentrations were also significantly higher in subjects carrying the R genotype. CONCLUSION: Variants of both SIRT1 and CLOCK have an additive effect on resistance to weight loss that could be related to the chronotype of the subject, higher plasma levels of ghrelin and less adherence to Mediterranean diet patterns. International Journal of Obesity (2012) 36, 1436-1441; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.270; published online 7 February 2012 C1 [Garaulet, M.; Esteban Tardido, A.] Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Fac Biol, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. [Garaulet, M.; Lee, Y-C; Smith, C. E.; Parnell, L. D.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, J. M.] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc CNIC Madrid, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. RP Garaulet, M (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Fac Biol, Campus Espinardo S-N, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. EM garaulet@um.es FU Government of Education, Science and Research of Murcia [BIO/FFA 07/01-0004]; Spanish Government of Science and Innovation [AGL2008-01655/ALI]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-54776]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX This work was supported by the Government of Education, Science and Research of Murcia (Project BIO/FFA 07/01-0004) and by the Spanish Government of Science and Innovation (projects AGL2008-01655/ALI) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants HL-54776, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Grant Number DK075030 and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1436 EP 1441 DI 10.1038/ijo.2011.270 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 037KR UT WOS:000311103500010 PM 22310473 ER PT J AU Vshivkov, S Pshenichnov, E Golubenko, Z Akhunov, A Namazov, S Stipanovic, RD AF Vshivkov, Sergey Pshenichnov, Egor Golubenko, Zamira Akhunov, Alik Namazov, Shadman Stipanovic, Robert D. TI Capillary electrophoresis to quantitate gossypol enantiomers in cotton flower petals and seed SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE (+)-Gossypol; (-)-Gossypol; Cottonseed; Capillary electrophoresis ID (+)-GOSSYPOL; (-)-GOSSYPOL AB Gossypol is a toxic compound that occurs as a mixture of enantiomers in cotton plant tissues including seed and flower petals. The (-)-enantiomer is more toxic to non-ruminant animals. Efforts to breed cottonseed with a low percentage of (-)-gossypol requires determination of the (+)- to (-)-gossypol ratio in seed and flower petals. We report a method to quantitatively determine the total gossypol and percent of its enantiomers in cotton tissues using high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). The method utilizes a borate buffer at pH 9.3 using a capillary with internal diameter of 50 mu m, effective length of 24.5 cm, 15 kV and cassette temperature of 15 degrees C. This method provides high accuracy and reproducible results with a limit of detection of the individual enantiomers of less than 36 ng/mL providing base line separation in less than 6 min. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stipanovic, Robert D.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Vshivkov, Sergey; Pshenichnov, Egor; Golubenko, Zamira; Akhunov, Alik] Inst Bioorgan Chem AS RUz, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [Namazov, Shadman] Uzbek Sci Res Inst Cotton Breeding & Seed Prod, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM bob.stipanovic@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [CRDF Uzb2-31001-TA-08] FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Project number CRDF Uzb2-31001-TA-08. There are no conflicts of interest. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 908 BP 94 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.09.033 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 038ST UT WOS:000311195100013 PM 23122406 ER PT J AU Havens, PL Mulligan, K Hazra, R Flynn, P Rutledge, B Van Loan, MD Lujan-Zilbermann, J Kapogiannis, BG Wilson, CM Stephensen, CB AF Havens, Peter L. Mulligan, Kathleen Hazra, Rohan Flynn, Patricia Rutledge, Brandy Van Loan, Marta D. Lujan-Zilbermann, Jorge Kapogiannis, Bill G. Wilson, Craig M. Stephensen, Charles B. CA HIV AIDS Interventions ATN 063 TI Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Vitamin D-3 Supplementation 50,000 IU Monthly in Youth with HIV-1 Infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; D-DEFICIENCY RICKETS; ERGOCALCIFEROL VITAMIN-D-2; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ABACAVIR-LAMIVUDINE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; D INSUFFICIENCY; CHOLECALCIFEROL; TENOFOVIR; ADOLESCENTS AB Context: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency occur frequently in youth with HIV infection, particularly among those receiving the antiretroviral drug efavirenz. Optimal vitamin D dosing for treatment is unclear. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate safety and measure change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration from baseline to study wk 4 and 12 during treatment with vitamin D-3, 50,000 IU monthly. Design, Setting, and Participants: We conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of HIV-infected youth ages 18-24 yr, with viral load below 5000 copies/ml, on stable antiretroviral therapy. Intervention: Intervention included vitamin D-3, 50,000 IU (n = 102), or matching placebo (n = 101) administered in three directly observed oral doses at monthly intervals. Results: At baseline, mean (SD) age was 20.9 (2.0) yr; 37% were female and 52% African-American, and 54% were vitamin D deficient/insufficient (25-OHD < 20 ng/ml), with no randomized group differences. Of evaluable participants vitamin D deficient/insufficient at baseline who were administered vitamin D, 43 of 46 (93%) had sufficient 25-OHD by wk 12. Vitamin D supplementation increased 25-OHD serum concentration from a baseline of 21.9 (13.3) to 35.9 (19.1) ng/ml at wk 12 (P < 0.001) with no change for placebo. Although use of the antiretroviral efavirenz was associated with lower baseline 25-OHD concentration, efavirenz did not diminish the response to vitamin D supplementation. There was no treatment-related toxicity. Conclusions: Supplementation with vitamin D-3 50,000 IU monthly for three doses was safe. Increases in 25-OHD occurred in treated participants regardless of antiretroviral regimen. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97: 4004-4013, 2012) C1 [Havens, Peter L.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Childrens Res Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Mulligan, Kathleen] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Hazra, Rohan; Kapogiannis, Bill G.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Flynn, Patricia] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Rutledge, Brandy] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Van Loan, Marta D.; Stephensen, Charles B.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lujan-Zilbermann, Jorge] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Wilson, Craig M.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Havens, PL (reprint author), Suite C450,POB 1997, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM phavens@mcw.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [U01 HD 040533, U01 HD 040474]; National Institutes on Drug Abuse and Mental Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; NICHD; National Institute of Mental Health [U01 A1068632]; General Clinical Research Center Program of the National Center for Research Resources; NIH; Department of Health and Human Services; Children's National Medical Center [M01RR020359]; University of Pennsylvania/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia [NCRRUL1-RR-024134]; University of California at San Francisco [UL1 RR024131]; Seattle Children's Hospital [UL1-RR025014]; Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine [M01-RR00188]; Boston University Medical Center [UL1-RR02517]; SUNY Stony Brook [M01RR10710]; Louisiana Board of Regents RC/EEP [RC/EEP-06] FX This work was supported by the ATN from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (U01 HD 040533 and U01 HD 040474) through the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (to B.G.K.), with supplemental funding from the National Institutes on Drug Abuse (N. Borek) and Mental Health (P. Brouwers and S. Allison). The protocol was co-endorsed by the IMPAACT Group. Support for the IMPAACT Group was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the NICHD, and the National Institute of Mental Health (U01 A1068632). The study was scientifically reviewed by the ATN's Therapeutic Leadership Group. Network, scientific, and logistical support was provided by the ATN Coordinating Center (C.W. and C. Partlow) at The University of Alabama at Birmingham. Network operations and analytic support was provided by the ATN Data and Operations Center at Westat, Inc. (J. Korelitz and B. Driver).; Eight of the participating sites used their General Clinical Research Center/Pediatric Clinical Research Center for the study; the centers were supported by grants from the General Clinical Research Center Program of the National Center for Research Resources, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services as follows: Children's National Medical Center, M01RR020359; University of Pennsylvania/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, NCRRUL1-RR-024134; University of California at San Francisco, UL1 RR024131; Seattle Children's Hospital, UL1-RR025014; Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, M01-RR00188; Boston University Medical Center, UL1-RR02517; and SUNY Stony Brook, M01RR10710. The Tulane University Health Sciences Center used its Clinical and Translational Research Center for the study; the center was supported in whole or in part by funds provided through the Louisiana Board of Regents RC/EEP (RC/EEP-06). NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 97 IS 11 BP 4004 EP 4013 DI 10.1210/jc.2012-2600 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 032IT UT WOS:000310710500049 PM 22933542 ER PT J AU Schneider, DA Harrington, RD Zhuang, D Yan, H Truscott, TC Dassanayake, RP O'Rourke, KI AF Schneider, D. A. Harrington, R. D. Zhuang, D. Yan, H. Truscott, T. C. Dassanayake, R. P. O'Rourke, K. I. TI Disease-associated Prion Protein in Neural and Lymphoid Tissues of Mink (Mustela vison) Inoculated with Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunohistochemistry; prion; transmissible mink encephalopathy; western blot ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; CERVUS-ELAPHUS NELSONI; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; PRPSC ACCUMULATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; DISTINCT STRAINS; NATURAL SCRAPIE; CATTLE AB Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are diagnosed by immunodetection of disease-associated prion protein (PrPd). The distribution of PrPd within the body varies with the time-course of infection and between species, during interspecies transmission, as well as with prion strain. Mink are susceptible to a form of TSE known as transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), presumed to arise due to consumption of feed contaminated with a single prion strain of ruminant origin. After extended passage of TME isolates in hamsters, two strains emerge, HY and DY, each of which is associated with unique,structural isoforms of PrPTME and of which only the HY strain is associated with accumulation, of PrPTME in lymphoid tissues. Information on the structural nature and lymphoid accumulation of PrPTME in mink is limited. In this study, 13 mink were challenged by intracerebral inoculation using late passage TME inoculum, after which brain and lymphoid tissues were collected at preclinical and clinical time points. The distribution and molecular nature of PrPTME was investigated by techniques including blotting of paraffin wax-embedded tissue and epitope mapping by western blotting. PrPTME was detected readily in the brain and retropharyngeal lymph node during preclinical infection, with delayed progression of accumulation within other lymphoid tissues. For comparison, three mink were inoculated by the oral route and examined during clinical disease. Accumulation of PrPTME in these mink was greater and more widespread, including follicles of rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Western blot analyses revealed that PrPTME accumulating in the brain of mink is structurally most similar to that accumulating in the brain of hamsters infected with the DY strain. Collectively, the results of extended passage in mink are consistent, with the presence of only a single strain of TME, the DY strain, capable of inducing accumulation of PrPTME in the lymphoid tissues of mink but not in hamsters. Thus, mink are a relevant animal model for further study of this unique strain, which ultimately may have been introduced through consumption of a TSE of ruminant origin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schneider, D. A.; Harrington, R. D.; Zhuang, D.; Truscott, T. C.; O'Rourke, K. I.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Harrington, R. D.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yan, H.; Dassanayake, R. P.; O'Rourke, K. I.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Schneider, DA (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM das@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 FU USDA-CRIS [5348-32000-021-00D, K08-AI060680] FX We are grateful to L. Hamburg and C. Birge for expert technical assistance and D. Chandler and A. Hetrick for animal handling. Our sincere thanks extend to the staff of the Washington State University Animal Resources Unit for excellent animal care. This work was supported by USDA-CRIS 5348-32000-021-00D and K08-AI060680. Mention of trade names or commercial products or enterprises in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 147 IS 4 BP 508 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.03.008 PG 14 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 044BT UT WOS:000311595100016 PM 22595634 ER PT J AU Sharpley, A Beegle, D Bolster, C Good, L Joern, B Ketterings, Q Lory, J Mikkelsen, R Osmond, D Vadas, P AF Sharpley, Andrew Beegle, Doug Bolster, Carl Good, Laura Joern, Brad Ketterings, Quirine Lory, John Mikkelsen, Rob Osmond, Deanna Vadas, Peter TI Phosphorus Indices: Why We Need to Take Stock of How We Are Doing SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; SITE VULNERABILITY; RISK INDICATORS; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; RUNOFF; MANAGEMENT; FIELD; SATURATION; CHALLENGES AB Many states have invested significant resources to identify components of their Phosphorus (P) Index that reliably estimate the relative risk of P loss and incentivize conservation management. However, differences in management recommendations and manure application guidelines for similar field conditions among state P Indices, coupled with minimal reductions in the extent of P-impaired surface waters and soil test P (STP) levels, led the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to revise the 590 Nutrient Management Standard. In preparation for this revision, NRCS requested that a review of the scientific underpinnings and accuracy of current P Indices be undertaken. They also sought to standardize the interpretation and management implications of P Indices, including establishment of ratings above which P applications should be curtailed. Although some states have initiated STP thresholds above which no application of P is allowed, STP alone cannot define a site's risk of P loss. Phosphorus Indices are intended to account for all of the major factors leading to P loss. A rigorous evaluation of P Indices is needed to determine if they are directionally and magnitudinally correct. Although use of observed P loss data under various management scenarios is ideal, such data are spatially and temporally limited. Alternatively, the use of a locally validated water quality model that has been shown to provide accurate estimates of P loss may be the most expedient option to conduct Index assessments in the short time required by the newly revised 590 Standard. C1 [Sharpley, Andrew] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Beegle, Doug] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bolster, Carl] ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Good, Laura] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Joern, Brad] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ketterings, Quirine] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lory, John] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mikkelsen, Rob] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Merced, CA 95348 USA. [Osmond, Deanna] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Vadas, Peter] ARS, USDA, Dairy Forage Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sharpley, A (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM sharpley@uark.edu NR 83 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 62 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1711 EP 1719 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0040 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039QU UT WOS:000311262400002 PM 23128728 ER PT J AU Good, LW Vadas, P Panuska, JC Bonilla, CA Jokela, WE AF Good, Laura W. Vadas, Peter Panuska, John C. Bonilla, Carlos A. Jokela, William E. TI Testing the Wisconsin Phosphorus Index with Year-Round, Field-Scale Runoff Monitoring SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID STREAMFLOW; SEDIMENT; LOSSES AB The Wisconsin Phosphorus Index (WPI) is one of several P indices in the United States that use equations to describe actual P loss. processes. Although for nutrient management planning the WPI is reported as a dimensionless whole number, it is calculated as average, annual dissolved P (DP) and particulate P (PP) mass delivered per unit area. The WPI calculations use soil P concentration, applied manure and fertilizer P, and estimates of average annual erosion and average annual runoff. We compared WPI estimated P losses to annual P loads measured in surface runoff from 86 field-years on crop fields and pastures. As the erosion and runoff generated by the weather in the monitoring years varied substantially from the average annual estimates used in the WPI, the WPI and measured loads were not well correlated. However, when measured runoff and erosion were used in the WPI field loss calculations, the WPI accurately estimated annual total P loads with a Nash-Sutcliffe Model Efficiency (NSE) of 0.87. The DP loss estimates were not as close to measured values (NSE = 0.40) as the PP loss estimates (NSE = 0.89). Some errors in estimating DP losses may be unavoidable due to uncertainties in estimating on-farm manure P application rates. The WPI is sensitive to field management that affects its erosion and runoff estimates. Provided that the WPI methods for estimating average annual erosion and runoff are accurately reflecting the effects of management, the WPI is an accurate field-level assessment tool for managing runoff P losses. C1 [Good, Laura W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vadas, Peter] USDA, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Panuska, John C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bonilla, Carlos A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dep Hydraul & Environm Engn, Santiago, Chile. [Jokela, William E.] ARS, USDA, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Good, LW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lwgood@wisc.edu RI Bonilla, Carlos/A-1676-2013 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1730 EP 1740 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039QU UT WOS:000311262400004 PM 23128730 ER PT J AU Osmond, D Sharpley, A Bolster, C Cabrera, M Feagley, S Lee, B Mitchell, C Mylavarapu, R Oldham, L Walker, F Zhang, H AF Osmond, D. Sharpley, A. Bolster, C. Cabrera, M. Feagley, S. Lee, B. Mitchell, C. Mylavarapu, R. Oldham, L. Walker, F. Zhang, H. TI Comparing Phosphorus Indices from Twelve Southern U.S. States against Monitored Phosphorus Loads from Six Prior Southern Studies SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SITE VULNERABILITY; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; RUNOFF; MANAGEMENT; LOSSES; NITROGEN; LITTER; COTTON; MANURE; SCALE AB Forty-eight states in the United States use phosphorus (P) indices to meet the requirements of their Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Code 590 Standard, which provides national guidance for nutrient management of agricultural lands. The majority of states developed these indices without consultation or coordination with neighboring states to meet specific local conditions and policy needs. Using water quality and land treatment data from six previously published articles, we compared P loads with P-Index values and ratings using the 12 southern P indices. When total measured P loads were regressed with P-Index rating values, moderate to very strong relationships (0.50 to 0.97) existed for five indices (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina) and all but one index was directionally correct. Regressions with dissolved P were also moderate to very strong (r(2) of 0.55 to 0.95) for the same five state P indices (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina); directionality of the Alabama Index was negative. When total measured P loads were transformed to current NRCS 590 Standard ratings (Low [<2.2 kg P ha(-1)], Moderate, [2.2-5.5 kg P ha(-1)], and High [>5.5 kg P ha(-1)) and these ratings were then compared to the southern-Index ratings, many of the P indices correctly identified Low losses (77%), but most did not correctly identify Moderate or High loss situations (14 and 31%, respectively). This study demonstrates, that while many of the P indices were directionally correct relative to the measured water quality data, there is a large variability among southern P indices that may result in different P management strategies being employed under similar conditions. C1 [Osmond, D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sharpley, A.] Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Bolster, C.] ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY USA. [Cabrera, M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Feagley, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lee, B.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. [Mitchell, C.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Mylavarapu, R.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Oldham, L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Starkville, MS USA. [Walker, F.] Univ Tennessee, Dep Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [Zhang, H.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Osmond, D (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM deanna_osmond@ncsu.edu FU Southern Region Water Quality Coordination Project through the NIFA National Integrated Water Quality Program [00-51130-9752] FX The authors are grateful for the partial funding supplied by the Southern Region Water Quality Coordination Project through the NIFA National Integrated Water Quality Program (Agreement No. 00-51130-9752). We also thank the external reviewers and Journal editors, who provided excellent and constructive comments on this paper. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1741 EP 1749 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039QU UT WOS:000311262400005 PM 23128731 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA Joern, BC Moore, PA AF Vadas, Peter A. Joern, Brad C. Moore, Philip A., Jr. TI Simulating Soil Phosphorus Dynamics for a Phosphorus Loss Quantification Tool SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; CORN PRODUCTION; FEEDLOT MANURE; PIG MANURE; NO-TILL; RUNOFF; MODEL; SYSTEMS; STRATIFICATION; FERTILIZATION AB Pollution of fresh waters by agricultural phosphorus (P) is a water quality concern. Because soils can contribute significantly to P loss in runoff; it is important to assess how management affects soil P status over time, which is often done with models. Our objective was to describe and validate soil P dynamics in the Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE) model. APLE is a user-friendly spreadsheet model, that simulates P loss in runoff and soil P dynamics over 10 yr for a given set of runoff, erosion, and management conditions. For soil P dynamics, APLE simulates two layers in the topsoil, each with three inorganic P pools and one organic P pool. It simulates P additions to soil from manure and fertilizer, distribution among pools, mixing between layers due to tillage and bioturbation, leaching between and out of layers, crop P removal, and loss by surface runoff and erosion. We used soil P data from 25 published studies to validate APLE's soil P processes. Our results show that APLE reliably simulated soil P dynamics for a wide range of soil properties, soil depths, P application sources and rates, durations, soil P contents, and management, practices. We validated APLE specifically for situations where soil P was increasing from excessive P inputs, where soil P was decreasing. due to greater outputs than inputs, and where soil P stratification; occurred in no-till and pasture soils. Successful simulations demonstrate APLE's potential to be applied to major management scenarios related to soil P loss in runoff and erosion. C1 [Vadas, Peter A.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Joern, Brad C.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moore, Philip A., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM peter.vadas@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1750 EP 1757 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039QU UT WOS:000311262400006 PM 23128732 ER PT J AU Bolster, CH Vadas, PA Sharpley, AN Lory, JA AF Bolster, Carl H. Vadas, Peter A. Sharpley, Andrew N. Lory, John A. TI Using a Phosphorus Loss Model to Evaluate and Improve Phosphorus Indices SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SITE VULNERABILITY; AGRICULTURAL LAND; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; RUNOFF; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT; PASTURES; SEDIMENT AB In most states, the phosphorus (P) index (PI) is the adopted strategy for assessing a field's vulnerability to P loss; however, many state PIs have not been rigorously evaluated against measured P loss data to determine how well the PI assigns P loss risk-a major reason being the lack of field data available for such an analysis. Given the lack of P loss data available for PI evaluation, our goal was to demonstrate how a P loss model can be used to evaluate and revise a PI using the Pennsylvania (PA) PI as an example. Our first objective was to compare two different formulations-multiplicative and component-for calculating a PI. Our second objective was to evaluate whether output from a P loss model can be used to improve PI weighting by calculating weights for modified versions of the PA PI from model-generated P loss data. Our results indicate that several potential limitations exist with the original multiplicative index formulation and that a component formulation is more consistent with how P loss is calculated with P loss models and generally provides more accurate estimates of P loss. Moreover, using the PI weights calculated from the model-generated data noticeably improved the correlation between PI values and a large and diverse, measured P loss data sec. The approach we use here can be used with any P loss model and PI and thus can serve as a guide to assist states. in evaluating and modifying their PI. C1 [Bolster, Carl H.] ARS, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Vadas, Peter A.] ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Lory, John A.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bolster, CH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 230 Bennett Ln, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM carl.bolster@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS National Program [214] FX C.H. Bolster, USDA-ARS, 230 Bennett Ln., Bowling Green, KY 42104; RA. Vadas, USDA-ARS, 1925 Linden Dr. West, Madison, WI 53706; A.N. Sharpley, Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, 115 Plant Sciences Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701; J.A. Lory, Division of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Missouri, 108 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211. This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 214: Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts. Assigned to Associate Editor Nathan Nelson. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1758 EP 1766 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0457 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039QU UT WOS:000311262400007 PM 23128733 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Stevens, WB Caesar-TonThat, T Liebig, MA AF Sainju, Upendra M. Stevens, William B. Caesar-TonThat, Thecan Liebig, Mark A. TI Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Affected by Irrigation, Tillage, Crop Rotation, and Nitrogen Fertilization SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSION; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; METHANE OXIDATION; OXIDE; AGRICULTURE; FLUXES; SYSTEMS; CORN; RESIDUE; BIOMASS AB Management practices, such as irrigation, tillage, cropping system, and N fertilization, may influence soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We quantified the effects of irrigation, tillage, crop rotation, and N fertilization on soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions from March to November, 2008 to 2011 in a Lihen sandy loam in western North Dakota. Treatments were two irrigation practices (irrigated and nonirrigated) and five cropping systems (conventional-tilled malt barley [Hordeum vulgaris L.] with N fertilizer [CT-N], conventional-tilled malt barley with no N fertilizer [CT-C], no-tilled malt barley pea [Pisum sativum L.] with N fertilizer [NT-PN], no-tilled malt barley with N fertilizer [NT-N], and no-tilled malt barley with no N fertilizer [NT-C]). The GHG fluxes varied with date of sampling and peaked immediately after precipitation, irrigation, and/or N fertilization events during increased soil temperature. Both CO2 and N2O fluxes were greater in CT-N under the irrigated condition, but CH4 uptake was greater in NT-PN under the nonirrigated condition than in other treatments. Although tillage and N fertilization increased CO2 and N2O fluxes by 8 to 30%, N fertilization and monocropping reduced CH, uptake by 39 to 40%. The NT-PN, regardless of irrigation, might mitigate GHG emissions by reducing CO2 and N2O emissions and increasing CH4 uptake relative to other treatments. To account for global warming potential for such a practice, information on productions associated with CO2 emissions along with N2O and CH4 fluxes is needed. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Stevens, William B.; Caesar-TonThat, Thecan] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Liebig, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM Upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS GRACEnet project FX The authors thank Bryan Gebhard and Bill Iversen for the management and irrigation of field plots and Joy Barsotti, Chris Russell, Jun Wang, and Ethan Schaff for collecting gas samples in the field and analyzing in the laboratory. This study was supported in part by the USDA-ARS GRACEnet project. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 109 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1774 EP 1786 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0176 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039QU UT WOS:000311262400009 PM 23128735 ER PT J AU Magri, A Vanotti, MB Szogi, AA Cantrell, KB AF Magri, Albert Vanotti, Matias B. Szoegi, Ariel A. Cantrell, Keri B. TI Partial Nitritation of Swine Wastewater in View of Its Coupling with the Anammox Process SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR; BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN REMOVAL; PARTIAL NITRIFICATION; AMMONIUM OXIDATION; SHARON PROCESS; PIGGERY WASTE; PIG SLURRY; START-UP; PHOSPHORUS; SIMULATION AB Partial nitritation (PN) of swine wastewater was investigated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using a high-performance nitrifying sludge. Characteristics of the wastewater used were low content of biodegradable organic matter and a high alkalinity-to-ammonium ratio. The target oxidation of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) to nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) was 57% (1.32 g NO2--N g(-1) NH4+-N), which corresponds with the reaction ratio of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). This target was successfully achieved at 32 degrees C by controlling the inflow rate and the corresponding nitrogen loading rate (NLR). An average NLR of 1.47 g NH4+-N L-1 d(-1) was applied to the partial nitritation sequencing batch reactor during a period of 70 d. The nitrite production rate obtained was 0.91 g NO2--N L-1 d(-1). No nitrate was produced. The PN effluent contained 1.38 g NO2-N g(-1) NH4+-N, which was within 5% of the target ratio. Under steady composition of the wastewater, the pH was shown to be a good indicator of the PN process performance. Furthermore, in a second sequencing batch reactor, the anaerobic ammonium oxidation process was effectively applied to the PN effluent, attaining a nitrogen conversion rate of 0.36 g N L-1 d(-1) (14.3 mg N g(-1) volatile suspended solids h(-1)). C1 [Magri, Albert; Vanotti, Matias B.; Szoegi, Ariel A.; Cantrell, Keri B.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Magri, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC USA. EM albert.magri@gmail.com RI Magri, Albert/B-5903-2008 OI Magri, Albert/0000-0002-6993-0746 FU GIRO Technological Centre (Mollet del Valles, Barcelona, Spain); USDA-ARS (ARS-FSIP) [60 6657-0-001]; Government of Catalonia-Spain (AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya) [2009 BE2 00032] FX This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 214: Utilization of Manure and Other Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts, ARS Project 6657-13630-005-00D "Innovative Bioresource Management Technologies for Enhanced Environmental Quality and Value Optimization." The first author thanks his home institution, GIRO Technological Centre (Mollet del Valles, Barcelona, Spain), the USDA-ARS (ARS-FSIP agreement 60 6657-0-001), and the Government of Catalonia-Spain (AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya, fellowship no. 2009 BE2 00032) for funding his 9-mo scientific visit to ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center. The authors thank Chris Brown for help with laboratory analyses, Jerry H. Martin for assistance with customized Labview software programming, and Fernando Penela for building CompactRIO device electronic panel. Mention of a specific product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warrant of the product by the USDA or imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1989 EP 2000 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0092 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039QU UT WOS:000311262400030 PM 23128756 ER PT J AU Brooks, JR McLaughlin, MR Gerba, CP Pepper, IL AF Brooks, John R. McLaughlin, Michael R. Gerba, Charles P. Pepper, Ian L. TI Land Application of Manure and Class B Biosolids: An Occupational and Public Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; UNITED-STATES; WASTE-WATER; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ENTERIC PATHOGENS; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; SURVIVAL CHARACTERISTICS; POULTRY LITTER AB Land application is a practical use of municipal Class B biosolids and manure that also promotes soil fertility and productivity. To date, no study exists comparing biosolids to manure microbial risks. This study used quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate pathogen risks from occupational and public exposures during scenarios involving fomite, soil, crop, and aerosol exposures. Greatest one-time risks were from direct consumption of contaminated soil or exposure to fomites, with one-time risks greater than 10(-1). Recent contamination and high exposures doses increased most risks. Campylobacter jejuni and enteric viruses provided the greatest single risks for most scenarios, particularly in the short term. All pathogen risks were decreased with time, 1 d to 14 mo between land application and exposure; decreases in risk were typically over six orders of magnitude beyond 30 d. Nearly all risks were reduced to below 10(-4) when using a 4-mo harvest delay for crop consumption. Occupational, more direct risks were greater than indirect public risks, which often occur after time and dilution have reduced pathogen loads to tolerable levels. Comparison of risks by pathogen group confirmed greater bacterial risks from manure, whereas viral risks were exclusive to biosolids. A direct comparison of the two residual types showed that biosolids use had greater risk because of the high infectivity of viruses, whereas the presence of environmentally recalcitrant pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and Listeria maintained manure risk. Direct comparisons of shared pathogens resulted in greater manure risks. Overall, it appears that in the short term, risks were high for both types of residuals, but given treatment, attenuation, and dilution, risks can be reduced to near-insignificant levels. That being said, limited data sets, dose exposures, site-specific inactivation rates, pathogen spikes, environmental change, regrowth, and wildlife will increase risk and uncertainty and remain areas poorly understood. C1 [Brooks, John R.; McLaughlin, Michael R.] ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerba, Charles P.; Pepper, Ian L.] Univ Arizona, Dep Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM john.brooks@ars.usda.gov NR 102 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 75 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2009 EP 2023 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0430 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039QU UT WOS:000311262400032 PM 23128758 ER PT J AU Waters, DJ Shen, SR Kengeri, SS Chiang, EC Combs, GF Morris, JS Bostwick, DG AF Waters, David J. Shen, Shuren Kengeri, Seema S. Chiang, Emily C. Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Morris, J. Steven Bostwick, David G. TI Prostatic Response to Supranutritional Selenium Supplementation: Comparison of the Target Tissue Potency of Selenomethionine vs. Selenium-Yeast on Markers of Prostatic Homeostasis SO NUTRIENTS LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; cancer prevention; carcinogenesis; SELECT; animal models ID PREVENTION TRIAL SELECT; CANCER PREVENTION; DNA-DAMAGE; VITAMIN-E; SELENOPROTEIN-P; PET DOGS; APOPTOSIS; RISK; CHEMOPREVENTION; IDENTIFICATION AB Prostate cancer is the product of dysregulated homeostasis within the aging prostate. Supplementation with selenium in the form of selenized yeast (Se-yeast) significantly reduced prostate cancer incidence in the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. Conversely, the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) showed no such cancer-protective advantage using selenomethionine (SeMet). The possibility that SeMet and Se-yeast are not equipotent in promoting homeostasis and cancer risk reduction in the aging prostate has not been adequately investigated; no direct comparison has ever been reported in man or animals. Here, we analyzed data on prostatic responses to SeMet or Se-yeast from a controlled feeding trial of 49 elderly beagle dogs-the only non-human species to frequently develop prostate cancer during aging-randomized to one of five groups: control; low-dose SeMet, low-dose Se-yeast (3 mu g/kg); high-dose SeMet, high-dose Se-yeast (6 mu g/kg). After seven months of supplementation, we found no significant selenium form-dependent differences in toenail or intraprostatic selenium concentration. Next, we determined whether SeMet or Se-yeast acts with different potency on six markers of prostatic homeostasis that likely contribute to prostate cancer risk reduction-intraprostatic dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), DHT: T, and epithelial cell DNA damage, proliferation, and apoptosis. By analyzing dogs supplemented with SeMet or Se-yeast that achieved equivalent intraprostatic selenium concentration after supplementation, we showed no significant differences in potency of either selenium form on any of the six parameters over three different ranges of target tissue selenium concentration. Our findings, which represent the first direct comparison of SeMet and Se-yeast on a suite of readouts in the aging prostate that reflect flux through multiple gene networks, do not further support the notion that the null results of SELECT are attributable to differences in prostatic consequences achievable through daily supplementation with SeMet, rather than Se-yeast. C1 [Waters, David J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Waters, David J.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Aging & Life Course, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Waters, David J.; Shen, Shuren; Kengeri, Seema S.; Chiang, Emily C.] Gerald P Murphy Canc Fdn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Morris, J. Steven] Univ Missouri, Columbia Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Morris, J. Steven] Harry S Truman Mem Vet Hosp, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Bostwick, David G.] Bostwick Labs, Glen Allen, VA 23060 USA. RP Waters, DJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM waters@purdue.edu; seleniumhealth@gpmcf.org; seema@gpmcf.org; chiang1@purdue.edu; gerald.combs@ars.usda.gov; morrisj@missouri.edu; dbostwick@bostwicklaboratories.com FU US Army Medical and Material Command Prostate Cancer Research Program [PC-970492]; Brookdale National Fellowship FX This work was supported by grant PC-970492 from the US Army Medical and Material Command Prostate Cancer Research Program. D.J.W. was supported, in part, by a Brookdale National Fellowship to Support Leadership in Gerontology. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6643 J9 NUTRIENTS JI Nutrients PD NOV PY 2012 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1650 EP 1663 DI 10.3390/nu4111650 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 041UN UT WOS:000311426800008 PM 23201838 ER PT J AU Creamer, CA Filley, TR Olk, DC Plante, AF Peltre, C Top, SM Boutton, TW AF Creamer, Courtney A. Filley, Timothy R. Olk, Dan C. Plante, Alain F. Peltre, Clement Top, Sara M. Boutton, Thomas W. TI Degree of woody encroachment into grasslands controls soil carbohydrate and amino compound changes during long term laboratory incubation SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-PULSED AMPEROMETRY; NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SHRUB ENCROACHMENT; SUBTROPICAL SAVANNA; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CULTIVATED SOIL; PLANT INVASION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; THERMAL-ANALYSIS AB Up to 50% of organic C and 80% of organic N within soil can exist as amino acids, amino sugars and carbohydrates. To determine how potential microbial accessibility and turnover of these compounds is impacted by encroachment of woody plants into grasslands, we investigated changes in evolved CO2 during thermal analysis and in carbohydrate and amino compound chemistry after long term laboratory incubation of sandy loam grassland woodland soils from southern Texas, USA. Thermal analysis showed that incubation increased the amount of soil organic matter (SOM) released at higher temperatures and that evolved CO2 profiles correlated with increases in amino C. During incubation, total carbohydrate C decreased slightly faster than bulk soil C, with preferential loss of plant-derived carbohydrates and/or production of microbial carbohydrates most strongly expressed in grassland and younger woodland soils. Total N content did not change during incubation, so the reduction in extractable amino N in older woodland soils suggested that N became more resistant to extraction during incubation. These data, along with previous measurements of respired CO2, indicate that changes in carbohydrate C and amino C did not predict mineralized CO2 yields and that amino compounds and microbial carbohydrate C were not selectively lost during incubation. The differing response in SOM loss (or enrichment) during incubation of the older woodland soils revealed a system with altered SOM dynamics due to woody encroachment, confirming that the short term 'lability' or 'recalcitrance' of SOM components is dependent on a number of interacting variables. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Creamer, Courtney A.; Filley, Timothy R.; Top, Sara M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Creamer, Courtney A.; Filley, Timothy R.; Top, Sara M.] Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Olk, Dan C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Plante, Alain F.; Peltre, Clement] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Boutton, Thomas W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Creamer, CA (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, Adelaide, SA, Australia. EM courtneycreamer@gmail.com RI Peltre, Clement/G-6414-2012; Plante, Alain/C-3498-2008; Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016; Creamer, Courtney/C-9281-2013 OI Peltre, Clement/0000-0001-6423-9027; Plante, Alain/0000-0003-0124-6187; Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728; Creamer, Courtney/0000-0001-8270-9387 FU National Science Foundation Biogeosciences Program [EAR-0525349]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65107-20351] FX We would like to thank D. Moore and I. Kantola for help in collecting samples, T. Grimard for guidance in amino acid, amino sugar, cellulose and hemicellulose extractions, and W. Feng for performing thermal analysis. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation Biogeosciences Program EAR-0525349 (T. R. F. and T. W. B.) and by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture 2010-65107-20351 (A. P.). We acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for comments. NR 78 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 52 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.08.005 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 043WH UT WOS:000311580800003 ER PT J AU Martin, RR Polashock, JJ Tzanetakis, IE AF Martin, Robert R. Polashock, James J. Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. TI New and Emerging Viruses of Blueberry and Cranberry SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Review DE Vaccinium; virus detection; disease ID RED-RINGSPOT-VIRUS; LEAF MOTTLE VIRUS; ROSETTE MOSAIC-VIRUS; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; SCORCH-VIRUS; 1ST REPORT; CULTIVATED BLUEBERRY; SHOESTRING VIRUS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; TOMATO-RINGSPOT AB Blueberry and cranberry are fruit crops native to North America and they are well known for containing bioactive compounds that can benefit human health. Cultivation is expanding within North America and other parts of the world raising concern regarding distribution of existing viruses as well as the appearance of new viruses. Many of the known viruses of these crops are latent or asymptomatic in at least some cultivars. Diagnosis and detection procedures are often non-existent or unreliable. Whereas new viruses can move into cultivated fields from the wild, there is also the threat that devastating viruses can move into native stands of Vaccinium spp. or other native plants from cultivated fields. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of blueberry and cranberry viruses, focusing not only on those that are new but also those that are emerging as serious threats for production in North America and around the world. C1 [Martin, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Polashock, James J.] USDA ARS, GIFVL, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Tzanetakis, Ioannis E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM bob.martin@ars.usda.gov; james.polashock@ars.usda.gov; itzaneta@uark.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 FU USDA-APHIS National Clean Plant Network [10-8100-1572, 11-8100-1572, 10-8100-1567-IA]; Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium; Oregon Blueberry Commission; Washington Blueberry Commission; British Columbia Blueberry Industry Development Council FX The authors acknowledge the importance of the USDA-APHIS National Clean Plant Network for funding research focusing on graft-transmissible agents of blueberry (Award Numbers 10-8100-1572, 11-8100-1572, 10-8100-1567-IA). We also acknowledge funding from the Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium, Oregon Blueberry Commission, Washington Blueberry Commission, British Columbia Blueberry Industry Development Council) NR 91 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 41 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD NOV PY 2012 VL 4 IS 11 BP 2831 EP 2852 DI 10.3390/v4112831 PG 22 WC Virology SC Virology GA 041VS UT WOS:000311429900020 PM 23202507 ER PT J AU Ifft, J Roland-Holst, D Zilberman, D AF Ifft, Jennifer Roland-Holst, David Zilberman, David TI Consumer valuation of safety-labeled free-range chicken: results of a field experiment in Hanoi SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Food safety; Field experiments; Vietnam; Avian influenza ID FOOD QUALITY; DECISION; METAANALYSIS; RESPONSES; VIETNAM; DEMAND; SYSTEM; HEALTH; IMPACT AB This article presents results of a field experiment designed to assess willingness to pay for safely produced free-range chicken in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. Improved safety of chicken production and trading is suggested as an important component of avian influenza control strategy, which aims to address the direct costs of avian influenza as well as the global public health externality. However, consumer demand for safely produced free-range chicken is unknown. Products that have credible food labeling are not common in traditional markets where the majority of free-range chicken is purchased. Valuing characteristics of products sold in informal markets is a major challenge that our experiment overcomes. As part of the experiment, we provided several vendors from these markets with safety-labeled free-range chicken. Consumer valuation of safety labeling was elicited through having experiment participants, who were representative of potential consumers, select between discount coupons for either safety-labeled chicken or regular chicken. Results indicate that consumers will pay at least $0.50, or a 1015% premium, per chicken purchase for safety labeling, which emphasizes safe production, processing, and transport conditions. This premium is smaller than the premium currently paid for traditional chicken varieties that are considered to be tastier. Consumers with more education have higher valuation of safety labeling. Hence, safety labeling for high-quality free-range chicken can play a role in controlling livestock disease and improving public health. C1 [Ifft, Jennifer] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Roland-Holst, David; Zilberman, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ifft, J (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Mail Stop 1800, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jifft@ers.usda.gov FU Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations; U.K. Department for International Development FX We are grateful for comments from two anonymous referees which significantly improved this article. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the U.K. Department for International Development. Nguyen Hoang Dzung provided invaluable research assistance. We thank seminar participants in the Environmental and Resources Economics Seminar and ARE Department Seminar at UC Berkeley, and Peter Berck, Erick Gong, Gordon Rausser, Tom Sproul, Ken Train, Hendrik Wolff, and Sofia Villas-Boas for helpful feedback. Any remaining error or omissions are our own. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to ERS or USDA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 IS 6 BP 607 EP 620 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2012.00607.x PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 031YN UT WOS:000310678700001 ER PT J AU Koppelman, S Apostolovic, D Warmenhoven, H Verbart, D Taylor, S Isleib, T Maleki, S AF Koppelman, S. Apostolovic, D. Warmenhoven, H. Verbart, D. Taylor, S. Isleib, T. Maleki, S. TI The content of allergens Ara h1, Ara h2, Ara h3, and Ara h6 in different peanut cultivars commonly consumed in Europe and the USA SO ALLERGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Congress of the European-Academy-of-Allergy-and-Clinical-Immunology (EAACI) CY JUN 16-20, 2012 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP European Acad Allergy & Clin Immunol (EAACI) C1 [Koppelman, S.] HAL Allergy BV, Dept Res & Dev, Leiden, Netherlands. [Apostolovic, D.; Warmenhoven, H.; Verbart, D.] HAL Allergy BV, Dept Dev, Leiden, Netherlands. [Taylor, S.] Univ Nebraska, Food Allergy Res & Resources Programme, Lincolne, NE USA. [Isleib, T.; Maleki, S.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0105-4538 J9 ALLERGY JI Allergy PD NOV PY 2012 VL 67 SU 96 SI SI MA 1463 BP 548 EP 548 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 026CA UT WOS:000310247703265 ER PT J AU Boughton, AJ Kula, RR Gates, M Zhang, YL Nunez, M O'Connor, J Whitfield, JB Center, TD AF Boughton, Anthony J. Kula, Robert R. Gates, Michael Zhang, Yali Nunez, Melissa O'Connor, Jaqui Whitfield, James B. Center, Ted D. TI Parasitoids Attacking Larvae of a Recently Introduced Weed Biological Control Agent, Neomusotima conspurcatalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): Key to Species, Natural History, and Integrative Taxonomy SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lygodium microphyllum; host range extension; parasitoid accumulation; native parasitoids ID WORLD CLIMBING FERN; LYGODIUM-MICROPHYLLUM; INVASIVE WEED; INSECTS; HYMENOPTERA; FLORIDA; MOTH; BRACONIDAE; TACHINIDAE; GENERA AB The extent to which introduced weed biocontrol agents are subject to attack by generalist natural enemies within the area of introduction is believed to be an important determinant of program success. We monitored larval populations of a recently introduced weed biocontrol agent, Neomusotima conspurcatalis Warren, at field sites in Florida to investigate parasitism by native parasitoids and to assess the overall rate of parasitism. Of six native parasitoid species reared from wild larvae of N. conspurcatalis, five, Rhygoplitis choreuti (Viereck), Stantonia pallida (Ashmead), Elasmus apanteli Gahan, Hyphantrophaga sellersi (Sabrosky), and an unidentified Cotesia sp. were primary parasitoids of the biocontrol agent. The sixth species, Mesochorus apantelis Dasch, is likely a hyperparasitoid of R. choreuti. From 1,100 N. conspurcatalis larvae collected from three sites, adult parasitoids emerged from 6.8% of those larvae and 73.6% of the N. conspurcatalis developed to adulthood. R. choreuti was the most common parasitoid, accounting for 81% of adults reared. Photographs of parasitoid species are provided, aspects of their natural histories and host ranges are described, and accumulation of native parasitoids on introduced weed biocontrol agents is discussed. C1 [Boughton, Anthony J.; Center, Ted D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Kula, Robert R.; Gates, Michael] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, USDA,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Zhang, Yali; Nunez, Melissa; O'Connor, Jaqui; Whitfield, James B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Boughton, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM anthonyboughton@yahoo.com NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 105 IS 6 BP 753 EP 767 DI 10.1603/AN11157 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 036MC UT WOS:000311029400002 ER PT J AU Sullivan, BT Nino, A Moreno, B Brownie, C Macias-Samano, J Clarke, SR Kirkendall, LR Zuniga, G AF Sullivan, Brian T. Nino, Alicia Moreno, Benjamin Brownie, Cavell Macias-Samano, Jorge Clarke, Stephen R. Kirkendall, Lawrence R. Zuniga, Gerardo TI Biochemical Evidence that Dendroctonus frontalis Consists of Two Sibling Species in Belize and Chiapas, Mexico SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus frontalis; southern pine beetle; Pinus; systematics; chemical ecology ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; BARK-BEETLES; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; GENUS DENDROCTONUS; CHEMOTAXONOMIC CHARACTERS; FIELD RESPONSE; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; SCOLYTINAE; PHEROMONE AB Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a major economic pest of pines in the United States, Mexico, and Central America. We report biochemical investigations relevant to the taxonomic status and semiochemistry of two distinct morphotypes of D. frontalis recently detected in the Central American region. MorphotypeAbeetles (pre-episternal area of prothorax of both sexes smooth, bulging callus on anterolateral margin of prothorax of females) and morphotype B beetles (pre-episternal area of prothorax of both sexes with fine ridges, reduced female callus) collected in infestations in Chiapas, Mexico differed significantly in their production of 10 behaviorally-active compounds occurring in the genus Dendroctonus, including the major pheromone components for D. frontalis. Notably, host-attacking morphotype B females produced hundreds of nanograms of both endo-brevicomin and frontalin, whereas morphotype A females produced similar amounts of frontalin but subnanogram quantities of endo-brevicomin. Reanalysis of a published D. frontalis trapping study in Chiapas indicated that both morphotypes responded in greatest numbers when frontalin and endo-brevicomin baits were both present. In addition, we quantified 18 different cuticular hydrocarbons (the methyl-branched alkane components) from both morphotypes collected in Belize and Chiapas as well as morphotype A beetles from the southeastern United States, and principal component analysis revealed nonoverlapping clusters associated with either morphotype. This evidence of two distinct, complex phenotypes coexisting in the same sites and host trees supports the hypothesis that the D. frontalis morphotypes represent separate species and consequently indicates that the taxonomy of D. frontalis should be re-evaluated in the Central American region. C1 [Sullivan, Brian T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Nino, Alicia; Moreno, Benjamin; Macias-Samano, Jorge] El Colegio Frontera Sur ECOSUR, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. [Clarke, Stephen R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Lufkin, TX 75902 USA. [Kirkendall, Lawrence R.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5006 Bergen, Norway. [Zuniga, Gerardo] Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Inst Politecn Nacl, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. RP Sullivan, BT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM briansullivan@fs.fed.us RI Kirkendall, Lawrence/B-5003-2010 OI Kirkendall, Lawrence/0000-0002-7335-6441 FU U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur [04-IC-11330129-131, 07-IC-11330129-056] FX We thank Joanne Barrett, Zachary Oliver, Roberto Castellanos, and field staff of the Lagunas de Montebello National Park, Mexico for providing essential technical assistance with this work. Mark Dalusky graciously provided beetles from Georgia. Jeremy Allison, and Tom Atkinson provided helpful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Figs. 1 and 2 photos are by Erich G. Vallery and Joanne P. Barrett, respectively. This work was funded in part by Cooperative Agreements between the U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station and El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 04-IC-11330129-131 and 07-IC-11330129-056. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 105 IS 6 BP 817 EP 831 DI 10.1603/AN12026 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 036MC UT WOS:000311029400006 ER PT J AU Rutledge, CE Keena, MA AF Rutledge, Claire E. Keena, Melody A. TI Mating Frequency and Fecundity in Agrilus anxius (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE multiple mating; fecundity; fertility; Allee effect ID BRONZE BIRCH BORER; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION; GENETIC BENEFITS; NORTH-AMERICAN; HOST CONDITION; POLYANDRY; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR AB Bronze birch borers (Agrilus anxius Gory) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a key pest of birches in North America, have the potential to be a major threat to Eurasian birch forests. Therefore, the consequences of single versus multiple mating on the longevity, fecundity and fertility of female A. anxius were examined. There were three treatments: females observed mating one time and 1) then housed alone, 2) kept with their mate, and 3) females paired and housed with a randomly chosen male. Another group of females were observed mating once, and then dissected, 47 of 48 of them had received spermatophores. Weight and longevity of females did not differ among mating treatments. Fecundity, but not fertility, was positively correlated with longevity in all treatments. A high percentage of females in all three mating treatments laid eggs, and there was not a significant difference among treatments. The fecundity of females that laid eggs also did not differ among treatments. These results suggest that a single successful mating may be sufficient to ensure maximal fecundity for females, and that potential for failure of any mating is low. However, there is no apparent cost to multiple mating. Thus, multiple mating may increase fecundity for female bronze birch borers. Our results suggest that laboratory rearing protocols need not ensure females mate multiple times. At the population level, our results suggest that a mate-finding Allee effect at low population densities is unlikely. We also compare the results to an earlier study with the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire. C1 [Rutledge, Claire E.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Keena, Melody A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Rutledge, CE (reprint author), Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, 123 Huntington St, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. EM claire.rutledge@ct.gov FU USDA McIntire/Stennis [387] FX We thank Kirby Stafford, Louis Magnarelli, Nathan Havill, and three anonymous reviewers for their critical review of this paper. We thank I. Scott, B. Secskas, and P. Moore who provided technical assistance. This work was partially supported by USDA McIntire/Stennis #387 to C.E.R. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 105 IS 6 BP 852 EP 858 DI 10.1603/AN12025 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 036MC UT WOS:000311029400010 ER PT J AU Kuester, AP Jones, RW Sappington, TW Kim, KS Barr, NB Roehrdanz, RL Senechal, P Nason, JD AF Kuester, Adam P. Jones, Robert W. Sappington, Thomas W. Kim, Kyung Seok Barr, Norman B. Roehrdanz, Richard L. Senechal, Patti Nason, John D. TI Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Gossypium in North America SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; thurberia weevil; Gossypium; genetic marker ID ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS COLEOPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SOUTH-AMERICA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; BOHEMAN COLEOPTERA; THURBERIA WEEVIL; ERADICATION ZONE; COTTON; DISPERSAL; SOFTWARE AB Although the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a devastating pest in the United States and Mexico, its population structure and genetic diversity in Mexico on wild and cultivated cotton hosts (genus Gossypium) is poorly understood. Past studies using morphology, host use, and distribution records suggest that A. grandis grandis comprises three forms with host-associated characteristics: the southeastern form (from domesticated Gossypium hirsutum L., southeastern United States and northeastern Mexico), the thurberia form (from Gossypium thurberi Todaro, Arizona and northwestern Mexico), and the Mexican form (from multiple Gossypium species and other malvaceous plant genera in the remainder of Mexico and Central America). However, the phylogenetic relationships, host preferences, and distributions of these forms are not completely understood. An alternative hypothesis of an eastern and western form of the boll weevil is suggested by the suspected phylogeographic range expansion from an ancestral distribution in the tropics northward along both Mexican coasts, culminating in the maximally contrasting phenotypes observed in the northeastern and northwestern arms of the current distribution. In this study, we sequenced one mitochondrial and four nuclear genes to gain insight into the evolutionary relationships among the putative forms and their distributions on wild and domesticated cotton hosts. Using models of evolution, we compared the three-form to the two-form classification and to two alternative classifications that incorporate geography and host use traits. The genetic data at most loci provide stronger support for the two-form than the three-form hypothesis, with an eastern and western group separated by the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range. They do not support separate taxonomic status for boll weevils developing on G. thurberi. C1 [Kuester, Adam P.; Nason, John D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jones, Robert W.] Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Ctr Univ, Queretaro 76010, Mexico. [Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kim, Kyung Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Conservat Genome Resource Bank Korean Wildlife, Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Kyung Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Program Vet Sci BK21, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Kyung Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Seoul, South Korea. [Barr, Norman B.] USDAD APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Roehrdanz, Richard L.] USDA ARS BRL, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Senechal, Patti] Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Nason, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jnason@iastate.edu FU Cotton Incorporated; National Cotton Council; National Science Foundation [DEB-0543102] FX We thank N. Barcenas, K. Day, D. Gates, H. Yu, and students in the Department of Biology, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, for help with field collections. We also thank F. Janzen, M. O'Neal, J. Wendel, H. Burke, and an anonymous APHIS reviewer for helpful comments to improve the manuscript. Funding for this work was obtained from Cotton Incorporated, the National Cotton Council, and National Science Foundation grant DEB-0543102 (to J. D. N. and R. Dyer, Virginia Commonwealth University). NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 25 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 105 IS 6 BP 902 EP 916 DI 10.1603/AN12072 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 036MC UT WOS:000311029400018 ER PT J AU Burange, PS Roehrdanz, RL Boetel, MA AF Burange, Prasad S. Roehrdanz, Richard L. Boetel, Mark A. TI Geographically Based Diversity in Mitochondrial DNA of North American Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE tarnished plant bug; phylogeny; mtDNA; cytochrome oxidase 1; cytochrome oxidase 2; genetic variation ID CHAIN-REACTION PRIMERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MTDNA VARIATION; GENE TREES; SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; INFERENCE; DIPTERA AB The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), is a highly polyphagous insect pest. It is the most widely distributed Lygus species in North America, and it is the most prevalent member of the genus Lygus in the eastern half of the continent. We sampled multiple populations of L. lineolaris from three disparate regions of North America, and used parts of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase 1 and cytochrome oxidase 2 as markers to assess intraspecific diversity of this species. Results indicated that there is an association between genetic population structure and geography. Neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference analysis, and maximum likelihood trees suggested that most L. lineolaris individuals belong to two closely related clades showing sympatric distribution. Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes common to widely dispersed populations were observed. Morphological identities of five L. lineolaris samples that formed an outlier clade indicated incongruence between morphological identity and genetic data. Individuals from the two major clades and one disparate clade did not exhibit recognizable morphological differences. No strong host plant associations were observed among clades, thus, genetic structuring in this species appears to mostly be geographically based. This study represents the first attempt to survey cytochrome oxidase 1 and cytochrome oxidase 2 variation within L. lineolaris and to use those genes to construct a molecular phylogeny for this species. C1 [Burange, Prasad S.; Boetel, Mark A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Roehrdanz, Richard L.] USDA ARS RRVARC, Insect Genet & Biochem Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Boetel, MA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, 202 Hultz Hall,1300 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM mark.boetel@ndsu.edu FU USDA [58-5442-5-342]; Department of Entomology at North Dakota State University FX We thank Michael D. Schwartz, Robert G. Foottit, David A. Rider, and Gerald M. Fauske who helped identify Lygus specimens collected from various host plant species. Special thanks are also extended to Nicholas L. Roehrdanz for major contributions to distribution map preparation and to Rebecca B. Simmons for providing valuable consultation on our phylogenetic analyses. Robert Dregseth, Allen Schroeder, and Brad McCamy provided invaluable support in the collection and processing of insect samples. We also thank George D. Yocum and Michelle Toutges, as well as Marnie Larson for letting us carry out experiments in their laboratories. We also are grateful for the tremendous contributions to this work from many other researchers across North America and other parts of the world in providing Lygus specimens for this research. Thanks are also extended to Robert G. Foottit, David A. Rider, the anonymous reviewers, and the editors for their helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Major financial support for this research was provided by a USDA Specific Cooperative Agreement grant (SCA No. 58-5442-5-342) and the Department of Entomology at North Dakota State University. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 105 IS 6 BP 917 EP 929 DI 10.1603/AN11146 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 036MC UT WOS:000311029400019 ER PT J AU Parker, DB Cai, LS Kim, KH Hales, KE Spiehs, MJ Woodbury, BL Atkin, AL Nickerson, KW Patefield, KD AF Parker, David B. Cai, Lingshuang Kim, Ki-Hyun Hales, Kristin E. Spiehs, Mindy J. Woodbury, Bryan L. Atkin, Audrey L. Nickerson, Kenneth W. Patefield, Krista D. TI Reducing odorous VOC emissions from swine manure using soybean peroxidase and peroxides SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Odor; Swine; Volatile organic compound; Gas chromatography; Manure ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; PIG MANURE; REMOVAL; OLFACTOMETRY; ADDITIVES; NITROGEN; LOSSES; WASTE AB The objective of the research was to determine the optimum application rates of soybean peroxidase (SBP) plus peroxide (SBPP) for reducing odorous VOC emissions from swine manure. Industrial-grade SBP was applied in combination with liquid hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or powdered calcium peroxide (CaO2) to standard phenolic solutions and swine manure, and emissions were measured in a wind tunnel. The primary odorant in the untreated manure was 4-methylphenol, which accounted for 68-81% of the odor activity value. At the optimum application rate of SBPP (50 g L-1), 4-methylphenol emissions were reduced from the swine manure by 62% (H2O2) and 98% (CaO2) after 24 h (P < 0.0001). The CaO2 had a longer residence time, remaining effective for 48 h with 92% reduction in emission rates (P < 0.0001), while H2O2 was similar to the control at 48 h (P = 0.28). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Parker, David B.] W Texas A&M Univ, Palo Duro Res Ctr, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Parker, David B.; Cai, Lingshuang; Hales, Kristin E.; Spiehs, Mindy J.; Woodbury, Bryan L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Kim, Ki-Hyun] Sejong Univ, Dept Environm & Energy, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Atkin, Audrey L.; Nickerson, Kenneth W.; Patefield, Krista D.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Parker, DB (reprint author), W Texas A&M Univ, Palo Duro Res Ctr, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. EM dparker@wtamu.edu OI Atkin, Audrey/0000-0001-5893-1068 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2007-35112-21117]; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [2009-0093848] FX This research was funded by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Grant Award No. 2007-35112-21117 entitled "Abatement of Phenolic and Indolic VOC Emissions for Odor Control at Animal Feeding Operations." The 3rd author acknowledges the support made by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (No. 2009-0093848). NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 124 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.031 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 038LA UT WOS:000311175000014 PM 22985851 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Momany, FA AF Schnupf, Udo Momany, Frank A. TI COSMO-DFTr study of cellulose fragments: Structural features, relative energy, and hydration energies SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cellulosic fragments; Density functional (DFTr); Reduced basis set; COSMO ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL FLEXIBILITY; STEPWISE HYDRATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CELLOBIOSE; BETA; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; INITIO; CHAIN AB Cellulosic fragments of size DP-3-8 and DP-10 have been studied using a reduced basis set and density functional (B3LYP). The reduced basis set lowered computer demands so that energy optimization of large cellulosic fragments was possible. Results include conformational properties that change with length of fragments, energy increments upon addition of residues, and overall curvature or twist as the fragments become larger. The inclusion of solvent as implicit water (COSMO) allowed calculation of hydration energy contributions per residue. Different conformations are examined including clockwise and counterclockwise hydroxyl groups, the three major hydroxymethyl conformers, gg, gt, and tg and sequentially mixed hydroxymethyl groups i.e. (gg-gt) or (gt-tg). Hydration values are provided as a function of fragment length. Of interest is the overall three-dimensional structure showing twisted states that differ with different hydroxymethyl conformations. A comparison with cellulosic structures is made that suggests that upon removal of a single chain from the cellulose crystal face the conformation may change from a nearly planar forth to a more twisted structure with subsequent change in hydroxymethyl preference. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Momany, Frank A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Research, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Schnupf, Udo] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Research, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frank.momany@ars.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2210-271X J9 COMPUT THEOR CHEM JI Comput. Theor. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 999 BP 138 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.08.027 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 036XM UT WOS:000311065600020 ER PT J AU Reinhart, KO AF Reinhart, Kurt O. TI The organization of plant communities: negative plant-soil feedbacks and semiarid grasslands SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coexistence; community composition; dominance; mixed-grass prairie; rarity; relative abundance; soil feedback ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SPECIES COEXISTENCE; SEEDLING MORTALITY; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; PRUNUS-SEROTINA; BORNE PATHOGENS; TEMPERATE TREE; TROPICAL TREE; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS AB Understanding how plant communities are organized requires uncovering the mechanism(s) regulating plant species coexistence and relative abundance. Negative soil feedbacks may affect plant communities by suppressing dominant species, causing rarity of most plants, or reducing the competitive abilities of all species. Here, three soil feedback experiments were used to differentiate the effects of soil feedbacks on mid- to late-successional and semiarid grasslands. Then I tested whether the direction and degree of soil feedback accounts for variation in relative abundance among species that coexist within each plant community. Negative soil feedbacks predominated across all species and sites and were individually discernible for 40% of plant species. Negative soil feedbacks affected rare to dominant plant species. Negative soil feedbacks, capable of having negative frequency-dependent effects, have the potential to act as a fundamental driver of species coexistence. C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Reinhart, KO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM kurt.reinhart@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhart, Kurt/A-6730-2010 NR 54 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 106 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 93 IS 11 BP 2377 EP 2385 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033XO UT WOS:000310834900009 PM 23236909 ER PT J AU Preisler, HK Hicke, JA Ager, AA Hayes, JL AF Preisler, Haiganoush K. Hicke, Jeffrey A. Ager, Alan A. Hayes, Jane L. TI Climate and weather influences on spatial temporal patterns of mountain pine beetle populations in Washington and Oregon SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive seasonality; aerial detection survey data; climate suitability; Dendroctonus ponderosae; logistic regression; mountain pine beetle; multinomial probabilities; spatial regression; spline functions ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; FOREST; INFESTATIONS; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; STAND AB Widespread outbreaks of mountain pine beetle in North America have drawn the attention of scientists, forest managers, and the public. There is strong evidence that climate change has contributed to the extent and severity of recent outbreaks. Scientists are interested in quantifying relationships between bark beetle population dynamics and trends in climate. Process models that simulate climate suitability for mountain pine beetle outbreaks have advanced our understanding of beetle population dynamics; however, there are few studies that have assessed their accuracy across multiple outbreaks or at larger spatial scales. This study used the observed number of trees killed by mountain pine beetles per square kilometer in Oregon and Washington, USA, over the past three decades to quantify and assess the influence of climate and weather variables on beetle activity over longer time periods and larger scales than previously studied. Influences of temperature and precipitation in addition to process model output variables were assessed at annual and climatological time scales. The statistical analysis showed that new attacks are more likely to occur at locations with climatological mean August temperatures >15 degrees C. After controlling for beetle pressure, the variables with the largest effect on the odds of an outbreak exceeding a certain size were minimum winter temperature (positive relationship) and drought conditions in current and previous years. Precipitation levels in the year prior to the outbreak had a positive effect, possibly an indication of the influence of this driver on brood size. Two-year cumulative precipitation had a negative effect, a possible indication of the influence of drought on tree stress. Among the process model variables, cold tolerance was the strongest indicator of an outbreak increasing to epidemic size. A weather suitability index developed from the regression analysis indicated a 2.5x increase in the odds of outbreak at locations with highly suitable weather vs. locations with low suitability. The models were useful for estimating expected amounts of damage (total area with outbreaks) and for quantifying the contribution of climate to total damage. Overall, the results confirm the importance of climate and weather on the spatial expansion of bark beetle outbreaks over time. C1 [Preisler, Haiganoush K.; Hayes, Jane L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hicke, Jeffrey A.; Ager, Alan A.] US Forest Serv, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 800 Buchanan St,W Annex Bldg, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM hpreisler@fs.fed.us RI Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013 FU USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station; Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center; USGS Western Mountain Initiative; DOE National Center for Climate Change Research FX We thank Eva Strand and Terri Stamper (University of Idaho), Julie Johnson (USFS), and Marketa McGuire Elsner (University of Washington) for assistance with data acquisition and processing. Remi St-Amant and Jacques Regniere helped with the BioSIM model. We thank the USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station and Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center for support. J. A. Hicke also acknowledges support from the USGS Western Mountain Initiative and DOE National Center for Climate Change Research. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 118 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 93 IS 11 BP 2421 EP 2434 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033XO UT WOS:000310834900013 PM 23236913 ER PT J AU Brown, JP Pender, J Wiser, R Lantz, E Hoen, B AF Brown, Jason P. Pender, John Wiser, Ryan Lantz, Eric Hoen, Ben TI Ex post analysis of economic impacts from wind power development in U.S. counties SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Wind power; Economic development; Ex post analysis ID UNITED-STATES; RENEWABLE ENERGY; GROWTH; EMPLOYMENT; US; AMENITIES; GERMANY; MODELS AB Wind power development has surged in recent years in the United States. Policymakers and economic development practitioners to date have typically relied upon project-level case studies or modeled input-output estimates to assess the economic development impacts from wind power, often focusing on potential local, state-wide, or national employment or earnings impacts. Building on this literature, we conduct an ex post econometric analysis of the county-level economic development impacts of wind power installations from 2000 through 2008 in a large, wind-rich region in the country. Taking into account factors influencing wind turbine location, we find an aggregate increase in county-level personal income and employment of approximately 511,000 and 0.5 jobs per megawatt of wind power capacity installed over the sample period of 2000 to 2008. These estimates appear broadly consistent with modeled input-output results, and translate to a median increase in total county personal income and employment of 0.2% and 0.4% for counties with installed wind power over the same period. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brown, Jason P.; Pender, John] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Wiser, Ryan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lantz, Eric] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hoen, Ben] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Milan, NY USA. RP Brown, JP (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 355 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM jbrown@ers.usda.gov; jpender@ers.usda.gov; RHWiser@lbl.gov; eric.lantz@nrel.gov; BHoen@lbl.gov NR 55 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1743 EP 1754 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2012.07.010 PG 12 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 035JX UT WOS:000310943800001 ER PT J AU Aguilar, FX Goerndt, ME Song, NF Shifley, S AF Aguilar, Francisco X. Goerndt, Michael E. Song, Nianfu Shifley, Stephen TI Internal, external and location factors influencing cofiring of biomass with coal in the U.S. northern region SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cofiring; Biomass; Logit model; Infrastructure ID WOODY BIOMASS; ENERGY FEEDSTOCK; UNITED-STATES; COMBUSTION; IMPACT; US AB The use of biomass as a source of energy has been identified as a viable option to diminish reliance on fossil fuels. We parameterized the effect of selected internal (e.g. coal-fire presence), external (e.g. price and renewable energy mandates) and location (e.g. biomass availability, infrastructure) variables on the likelihood of using biomass in cofiring with coal by building a two-stage econometric model. The first stage controlled for factors driving the spatial location of coal power plants and the second stage concentrated on factors influencing cofiring. The empirical model was applied in the Northeast quadrant of the U.S. where the unit of observation was an individual county. Results of our model stress the significant effect of existing flexible coal feeding systems that permit the incorporation of biomass. transportation infrastructure and biomass availability (woody biomass in particular in the form of residues from the wood products industry). State-level renewable energy portfolio standards showed no statistically significant effect on the adoption of cofiring biomass with coal. Further developments of biomass cofiring in the U.S. northern region are most likely to take place in the Great Lakes region. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aguilar, Francisco X.; Goerndt, Michael E.; Song, Nianfu] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Shifley, Stephen] 202 ANBR Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Forest Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Aguilar, FX (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203 ANBR, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM aguilarf@missouri.edu NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1790 EP 1798 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2012.07.005 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 035JX UT WOS:000310943800006 ER PT J AU Song, NF Aguilar, FX Shifley, SR Goerndt, ME AF Song, Nianfu Aguilar, Francisco X. Shifley, Stephen R. Goerndt, Michael E. TI Analysis of U.S. residential wood energy consumption: 1967-2009 SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Woody biomass; Energy consumption; Cointegration ID UNIT-ROOT; TIME-SERIES; COINTEGRATION TESTS; FUELWOOD; MODEL; DEMAND; STATES; HOUSEHOLD; BIOMASS; EUROPE AB The residential sector consumes about 23% of the energy derived from wood (wood energy) in the U.S. An estimated error correction model with data from 1967 to 2009 suggests that residential wood energy consumption has declined by an average 3% per year in response to technological progress, urbanization, accessibility of non-wood energy, and other factors associated with a time trend such as increasing income per capita and number of houses. But the rising price of non-wood energy has had a positive effect on the consumption and offset the downward trend effect in the last decade. Residential wood energy consumption has also been sensitive to changes in wage rate in both long-run and short-run, but the total estimated wage rate effect since 1967 is negligible. Wood energy is expected to continue to account for a small share of residential energy consumption unless public policies improve wood energy cost competitiveness relative to non-wood energy. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Song, Nianfu] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Univ Missouri 203ANBR, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Aguilar, Francisco X.; Goerndt, Michael E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Shifley, Stephen R.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Forest Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Song, NF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Univ Missouri 203ANBR, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM songn@missouri.edu; aguilarf@missouri.edu; sshifley@fs.fed.us; goerndtm@missouri.edu NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2116 EP 2124 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2012.03.004 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 035JX UT WOS:000310943800040 ER PT J AU Savic, JM Smigocki, AC AF Savic, Jelena M. Smigocki, Ann C. TI Beta vulgaris L. serine proteinase inhibitor gene expression in insect resistant sugar beet SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Sugar beet; Serine proteinase inhibitor; Insect resistance ID ROOT MAGGOT; ORYZACYSTATIN-II; HAIRY ROOTS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; CROP IMPROVEMENT; PLANTS; LEAVES; FAMILY; PEST AB Expression pattern of a sugar beet serine proteinase inhibitor gene, BvSTI, was characterized in response to mechanical and fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) induced wounding. BvSTI expression was analyzed in three breeding lines moderately resistant to sugar beet root maggot (Tetanops myopaeformis Roder) and in a susceptible line, F1010. Increased mechanical wound induced levels of BvSTI expression were observed in all resistant lines as compared to F1010 during the first 24 h. The most intensive response to wounding was observed in one of the resistant lines, F1016, with a maximum 5- and 2.5-fold increase of BvSTI transcript levels over non-wounded roots and leaves, respectively. In contrast, slight increase of BvSTI transcript levels in leaves and even an initial decrease in roots were observed in F1010. BvSTI transcript accumulation in F1016 and F1010 tissues wounded by FAW showed a similar gene expression pattern, but it was delayed and less intense than the response incited by abiotic wounding. On the protein level, BvSTI specific antibody confirmed increased accumulation of the 30 kDa BvSTI protein in wounded leaves but not in roots of F1016 and F1010. Using trypsin inhibition assays, the activity of BvSTI was confirmed in F1016 roots and leaves and F1010 leaves. In F1010 roots BvSTI activity was completely lacking. We conclude that BvSTI gene expression was wound induced in the insect resistant germplasm suggesting that BvSTI can be used in biotechnological approaches or in breeding programs for improving insect resistance. C1 [Savic, Jelena M.; Smigocki, Ann C.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Savic, JM (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Inst Biol Res Sinisa Stankovic, Dept Plant Physiol, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia. EM savic.jelena@ibiss.bg.ac.rs NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2012 VL 188 IS 2 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s10681-012-0679-z PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 034RM UT WOS:000310890600004 ER PT J AU Barradas, JRS Silva, LG Harvey, BC Fontoura, NF AF Barradas, Jose Ricardo S. Silva, Lucas G. Harvey, Bret C. Fontoura, Nelson F. TI Estimating migratory fish distribution from altitude and basin area: a case study in a large Neotropical river SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dams; distribution; logistic regression; migratory fishes; Uruguay ID DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CONSERVATION; ASSEMBLAGES; REGRESSION; BRAZIL AB 1. The objective of this study was to identify longitudinal distribution patterns of large migratory fish species in the Uruguay River basin, southern Brazil, and construct statistical distribution models for Salminus brasiliensis, Prochilodus lineatus, Leporinus obtusidens and Pseudoplatystoma corruscans. 2. The sampling programme resulted in 202 interviews with old residents and fishermen at 167 different sampling sites in the major rivers of the basin. Interviewees were asked whether these fish species were present in the nearby river segment, recently or in the past. The average age of respondents was 56 years, and the great majority had resided for more than 30 years in the area where they were interviewed. 3. Fish distribution patterns were modelled using altitude and basin area as environmental descriptors. Distributional patterns were estimated using logistic equations (LOGIT): , where Al is the altitude and BA is the basin area. 4. Accuracies of the distribution models were between 77 and 85%. These accuracies are similar to those of published distribution models for other fishes based on larger numbers of environmental descriptors. 5. The historical distributional ranges make clear that all operating or planned large hydropower dams in the Uruguay River basin, with one exception, limit or will limit the distribution of migratory fishes. C1 [Barradas, Jose Ricardo S.; Silva, Lucas G.; Fontoura, Nelson F.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande Sul PUCRS, Dept Biodiversidade & Ecol, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Harvey, Bret C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA USA. RP Fontoura, NF (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande Sul PUCRS, Dept Biodiversidade & Ecol, Av Ipiranga 6681, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM nfontoura@pucrs.br RI Fontoura, Nelson/I-6397-2012; Goncalves da Silva, Lucas/B-8702-2014 OI Fontoura, Nelson/0000-0001-9978-2812; FU CNPq FX The authors thank Jim Baldwin for the statistical advice. Financial support was provided by scholarships from CNPq to NF Fontoura, LG Silva & JRS Barradas and research funds to NF Fontoura. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 57 IS 11 BP 2297 EP 2305 DI 10.1111/fwb.12003 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 015MQ UT WOS:000309450700009 ER PT J AU McDonald, MC Razavi, M Friesen, TL Brunner, PC McDonald, BA AF McDonald, Megan C. Razavi, Mohammad Friesen, Timothy L. Brunner, Patrick C. McDonald, Bruce A. TI Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of Phaeosphaeria nodorum and its close relatives indicate cryptic species and an origin in the Fertile Crescent SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stagonospora nodorum; Species complex; Coalescent; Evolution; Hybridization ID PATHOGEN MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; MATING-TYPE GENES; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY AB The origin of the fungal wheat pathogen Phaeosphaeria nodorum remains unclear despite earlier intensive global population genetic and phylogeographical studies. We sequenced 1683 bp distributed across three loci in 355 globally distributed Phaeosphaeria isolates, including 74 collected in Iran near the center of origin of wheat. We identified nine phylogenetically distinct clades, including two previously unknown species tentatively named P1 and P2 collected in Iran. Coalescent analysis indicates that P1 and P2 are sister species of P. nodorum and the other Phaeosphaeria species identified in our analysis. Two species, P. nodorum and P. avenaria f. sp. tritici 1 (Pat1), comprised similar to 85% of the sampled isolates, making them the dominant wheat-infecting pathogens within the species complex. We designed a PCR-RFLP assay to distinguish P. nodorum from Pat1. Approximately 4% of P. nodorum and Pat? isolates showed evidence of hybridization. Measures of private allelic richness at SSR and sequence loci suggest that the center of origin of P. nodorum coincides with its host in the Fertile Crescent. We hypothesize that the origin of this species complex is also in the Fertile Crescent, with four species out of nine found exclusively in the Iranian collections. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McDonald, Megan C.] ETH, ETH Zentrum, Plant Pathol Grp, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Razavi, Mohammad] Iranian Res Inst Plant Protect, Dept Plant Pathol, Tehran 193951454, Iran. [Friesen, Timothy L.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP McDonald, MC (reprint author), ETH, ETH Zentrum, Plant Pathol Grp, Inst Integrat Biol, LFW A27, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM megan.mcdonald@usys.ethz.ch RI McDonald, Bruce/A-2748-2008; McDonald, Megan/O-7662-2014; Razavi, Mohammad/S-2477-2016 OI McDonald, Bruce/0000-0002-5332-2172; McDonald, Megan/0000-0002-9129-7393; Razavi, Mohammad/0000-0002-6434-1838 FU ETH Zurich FX The authors would like to thank all collectors who provided isolates or infected leaves. We also acknowledge the Genetic Diversity Center (GDC) in Zurich for providing excellent sequencing facilities. This project was funded by the ETH Zurich. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 49 IS 11 BP 882 EP 895 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.08.001 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 035GG UT WOS:000310930800003 PM 22922546 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, BV Teixeira, GS Reis, O Barau, JG Teixeira, PJPL do Rio, MCS Domingues, RR Meinhardt, LW Leme, AFP Rincones, J Pereira, GAG AF de Oliveira, Bruno V. Teixeira, Gleidson S. Reis, Osvaldo Barau, Joan G. Teixeira, Paulo Jose P. L. do Rio, Maria Carolina S. Domingues, Romenia R. Meinhardt, Lyndel W. Paes Leme, Adriana F. Rincones, Johana Pereira, Goncalo A. G. TI A potential role for an extracellular methanol oxidase secreted by Moniliophthora perniciosa in Witches' broom disease in cacao SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Moniliophthora perniciosa; Cacao; Witches' broom disease; Methanol oxidase; Extracellular; Pectin methylesterase ID YEAST HANSENULA-POLYMORPHA; CRINIPELLIS-PERNICIOSA; ALCOHOL OXIDASE; CANDIDA-BOIDINII; THEOBROMA-CACAO; CAUSAL AGENT; PECTIN UTILIZATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; POSTIA-PLACENTA; BIOTROPHIC-LIKE AB The hemibiotrophic basidiomycete fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of Witches' broom disease (WBD) in cacao, is able to grow on methanol as the sole carbon source. In plants, one of the main sources of methanol is the pectin present in the structure of cell walls. Pectin is composed of highly methylesterified chains of galacturonic acid. The hydrolysis between the methyl radicals and galacturonic acid in esterified pectin, mediated by a pectin methylesterase (PME), releases methanol, which may be decomposed by a methanol oxidase (MOX). The analysis of the M. pernciosa genome revealed putative max and pme genes. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR performed with RNA from mycelia grown in the presence of methanol or pectin as the sole carbon source and with RNA from infected cacao seedlings in different stages of the progression of WBD indicate that the two genes are coregulated, suggesting that the fungus may be metabolizing the methanol released from pectin. Moreover, immunolocalization of homogalacturonan, the main pectic domain that constitutes the primary cell wall matrix, shows a reduction in the level of pectin methyl esterification in infected cacao seedlings. Although MOX has been classically classified as a peroxisomal enzyme, M. perniciosa presents an extracellular methanol oxidase. Its activity was detected in the fungus culture supernatants, and mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of this enzyme in the fungus secretome. Because M. pernciosa possesses all genes classically related to methanol metabolism, we propose a peroxisome-independent model for the utilization of methanol by this fungus, which begins with the extracellular oxidation of methanol derived from the demethylation of pectin and finishes in the cytosol. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [de Oliveira, Bruno V.; Teixeira, Gleidson S.; Reis, Osvaldo; Barau, Joan G.; Teixeira, Paulo Jose P. L.; do Rio, Maria Carolina S.; Rincones, Johana; Pereira, Goncalo A. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Inst Biol, Lab Genom & Expressao, Dept Genet Evolucao & Bioagentes, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Meinhardt, Lyndel W.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [do Rio, Maria Carolina S.; Domingues, Romenia R.; Paes Leme, Adriana F.] CNPEM, Lab Nacl Biociencias LNBio, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Pereira, GAG (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Genom & Express Lab, Genet Evolut & Bioagents Dept, Inst Biol, POB 6109, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM goncalo@unicamp.br RI Pereira, Goncalo /B-7944-2012; Teixeira, Paulo/C-1546-2013; Rio, Maria/I-8900-2012; Rincones, Johana/I-6337-2013; Teixeira, Gleidson/C-6541-2016; Paes Leme, Adriana/C-9679-2012; OI Paes Leme, Adriana/0000-0001-7959-147X; Barau, Joan/0000-0002-3944-5678 FU CNPq [472710/2008-7]; FAPESP [2006/59843-3, 2007/51030-6, 2009/50119-9] FX We acknowledge the Mass Spectrometry Laboratory at Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, CNPEM-ABTLuS, Campinas, Brazil for their support with the mass spectrometry analysis. We also thank Dr. Odalys Garcia Cabrera and Dr. Jorge Mauricio Costa Mondego for suggestions and critiques during the development of the experiments, Marcelo Carazolle for bioinformatics support, and Professor Marcos Buckeridge and Dr. Patricia Pinho Tonini for the support with the immunolocalization experiments. This work was financially supported by CNPq (Process Number: 472710/2008-7) and FAPESP (Process Numbers: 2006/59843-3, 2007/51030-6, and 2009/50119-9). NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 49 IS 11 BP 922 EP 932 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.09.001 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 035GG UT WOS:000310930800007 PM 23022488 ER PT J AU Ely, LL Brossy, CC House, PK Safran, EB O'Connor, JE Champion, DE Fenton, CR Bondre, NR Orem, CA Grant, GE Henry, CD Turrin, BD AF Ely, Lisa L. Brossy, Cooper C. House, P. Kyle Safran, Elizabeth B. O'Connor, Jim E. Champion, Duane E. Fenton, Cassandra R. Bondre, Ninad R. Orem, Caitlin A. Grant, Gordon E. Henry, Christopher D. Turrin, Brent D. TI Owyhee River intracanyon lava flows: Does the river give a dam? SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WESTERN GRAND-CANYON; OUTBURST-FLOOD DEPOSITS; COSMOGENIC HE-3 AGES; GEOCHEMICAL DISCRIMINATION; INCISION RATES; DEBRIS FLOWS; BASALT LAVA; IDAHO; ARIZONA; BEDROCK AB Rivers carved into uplifted plateaus are commonly disrupted by discrete events from the surrounding landscape, such as lava flows or large mass movements. These disruptions are independent of slope, basin area, or channel discharge, and can dominate aspects of valley morphology and channel behavior for many kilometers. We document and assess the effects of one type of disruptive event, lava dams, on river valley morphology and incision rates at a variety of time scales, using examples from the Owyhee River in southeastern Oregon. Six sets of basaltic lava flows entered and dammed the river canyon during two periods in the late Cenozoic ca. 2 Ma-780 ka and 250-70 ka. The dams are strongly asymmetric, with steep, blunt escarpments facing up valley and long, low slopes down valley. None of the darns shows evidence of catastrophic failure; all blocked the river and diverted water over or around the dam crest. The net effect of the dams was therefore to inhibit rather than promote incision. Once incision resumed, most of the intracanyon flows were incised relatively rapidly and therefore did not exert a lasting impact on the river valley profile over time scales >10(6) yr. The net long-term incision rate from the time of the oldest documented lava dam, the Bogus Rim lava dam (<= 1.7 Ma), to present was 0.18 mm/yr, but incision rates through or around individual lava dams were up to an order of magnitude greater. At least three lava dams (Bogus Rim, Saddle Butte, and West Crater) show evidence that incision initiated only after the impounded lakes filled completely with sediment and there was gravel transport across the dams. The most recent lava dam, formed by the West Crater lava flow around 70 ka, persisted for at least 25 k.y. before incision began, and the dam was largely removed within another 35 k.y. The time scale over which the lava dams inhibit incision is therefore directly affected by both the volume of lava forming the dam and the time required for sediment to fill the blocked valley. Variations in this primary process of incision through the lava dams could be influenced by additional independent factors such as regional uplift, drainage integration, or climate that affect the relative base level, discharge, and sediment yield within the watershed. By redirecting the river, tributaries, and subsequent lava flows to different parts of the canyon, lava dams create a distinct valley morphology of flat, broad basalt shelves capping steep cliffs of Tertiary sediment. This stratigraphy is conducive to landsliding and extends the effects of intracanyon lava flows on channel geomorphology beyond the lifetime of the dams. C1 [Ely, Lisa L.; Brossy, Cooper C.; Orem, Caitlin A.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [House, P. Kyle; Henry, Christopher D.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safran, Elizabeth B.] Lewis & Clark Coll, Environm Studies Program, Portland, OR 97219 USA. [O'Connor, Jim E.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Champion, Duane E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fenton, Cassandra R.] SUERC, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. [Bondre, Ninad R.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Grant, Gordon E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Turrin, Brent D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Wright Geol Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Ely, LL (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM ely@cwu.edu OI Fenton, Cassandra/0000-0002-2989-3629 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-617234]; Jack Kleinman Grant for Volcano Research; Geological Society of America; Central Washington University (CWU); National Center for Laser Altimeter Mapping FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation grant EAR-617234 to Ely, House, and Safran, with additional support from the Jack Kleinman Grant for Volcano Research, the Geological Society of America, and Central Washington University (CWU). LiDAR topography data were provided by a grant from the National Center for Laser Altimeter Mapping. Bill Hart provided analytical expertise and assistance with interpretation of the lava-flow ages. Andy Hunt and Bob Poreda contributed technical expertise and laboratory measurements in support of the cosmogenic radionuclide analyses. Shannon Othus, Tabitha Trosper, Katie Ryan, Bret Pecoraro, and other students from CWU, Lewis and Clark College, and the University of Nevada, Reno, assisted with field work or laboratory sample preparation. The Bureau of Land Management and local landowners granted access and logistical assistance. The manuscript was improved by reviews from Ryan Crow, Keith Howard, Jon Major, Kurt Othberg, and anonymous reviewers. This is the second publication of the Owyhee River Interstate Geologic Investigation Network (ORIGIN). NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 124 IS 11-12 BP 1667 EP 1687 DI 10.1130/B30574.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 028GF UT WOS:000310410100001 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Olanya, M Geveke, DJ Sommers, CH AF Ukuku, Dike O. Olanya, Modesto Geveke, David J. Sommers, Christopher H. TI Effect of Native Microflora, Waiting Period, and Storage Temperature on Listeria monocytogenes Serovars Transferred from Cantaloupe Rind to Fresh-Cut Pieces during Preparation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PROCESSED FRUITS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SODIUM LACTATE; CITRIC-ACID; SALMONELLA; VEGETABLES; PRODUCE; GROWTH; FOOD; SURFACES AB The most recent outbreak of listeriosis linked to consumption of fresh-cut cantaloupes indicates the need to investigate the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in the presence of native microflora of cantaloupe pieces during storage. Whole cantaloupes were inoculated with L. monocytogenes (10(8)-CFU/ml suspension) for 10 min and air dried in a biosafety cabinet for 1 h and then treated (unwashed, water washed, and 2.5% hydrogen peroxide washed). Fresh-cut pieces (similar to 3 cm) prepared from these melons were left at 5 and 10 degrees C for 72 h and room temperature (20 degrees C) for 48 h. Some fresh-cut pieces were left at 20 degrees C for 2 and 4 h and then refrigerated at 5 degrees C. Microbial populations of fresh-cut pieces were determined by the plate count method or enrichment method immediately after preparation. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mold of whole melon, and inoculated populations of L. monocytogenes on cantaloupe rind surfaces averaged 6.4, 3.3, and 4.6 log CFU/cm(2), respectively. Only H2O2 (2.5%) treatment reduced the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mold, and L. monocytogenes populations to 3.8, 0.9, and 1.8 log CFU/cm(2), respectively. The populations of L. monocytogenes transferred from melon rinds to fresh-cut pieces were below detection but were present by enrichment. Increased storage temperatures enhanced the lag phases and growth of L. monocyto genes. The results of this study confirmed the need to store fresh-cut cantaloupes at 5 degrees C immediately after preparation to enhance the microbial safety of the fruit. C1 [Ukuku, Dike O.; Olanya, Modesto; Geveke, David J.; Sommers, Christopher H.] ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dike.ukuku@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 35 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1912 EP 1919 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-191 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 036GK UT WOS:000311014200001 PM 23127699 ER PT J AU Wasilenko, JL Fratamico, PM Narang, N Tillman, GE Ladely, S Simmons, M Cray, WC AF Wasilenko, Jamie L. Fratamico, Pina M. Narang, Neelam Tillman, Glenn E. Ladely, Scott Simmons, Mustafa Cray, William C., Jr. TI Influence of Primer Sequences and DNA Extraction Method on Detection of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Ground Beef by Real-Time PCR Targeting the eae, stx, and Serogroup-Specific Genes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE GENES; 5'-NUCLEASE PCR; UNITED-STATES; STRAINS; O157; O145; O111; VARIANTS; O103; O26 AB Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections, particularly those caused by the "big six" or "top six" non-O157 serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) can result in severe illness and complications. Because of their significant public health impact and the notable prevalence of STEC in cattle, methods for detection of the big six non-O157 STEC in ground beef have been established. Currently, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service detection methods for screening beef samples for non-O157 STEC target the stx(1), stx(2), and eae virulence genes, with the 16S rRNA gene as an internal control, in a real-time PCR multiplex assay. Further, the serogroup is determined by PCR targeting genes in the E. coli O-antigen gene clusters of the big six non-O157 serogroups. The method that we previously reported was improved so that additional stx variants, stx(1d), stx(2e), and stx(2g), are detected. Additionally, alignments of the primers targeting the eae gene were used to improve the detection assay so that eae subtypes that could potentially be of clinical significance would also be detected. Therefore, evaluation of alternative real-time PCR assay primers and probes for the stx and eae reactions was carried out in order to increase the stx and eae subtypes detected. Furthermore, a Tris-EDTA DNA extraction method was compared with a previously used procedure that was based on a commercially available reagent. The Tris-EDTA DNA extraction method significantly decreased the cycle threshold values for the stx assay (P < 0.0001) and eae assay (P < 0.0001), thereby increasing the ability to detect the targets. The use of different stx primers and probes increased the subtypes detected to include stx(1d,) stx(2e), and stx(2g), and sequence data showed that modification of the eae primer should allow the known eae subtypes to be detected. C1 [Wasilenko, Jamie L.; Fratamico, Pina M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Wasilenko, Jamie L.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Narang, Neelam; Tillman, Glenn E.; Ladely, Scott; Simmons, Mustafa; Cray, William C., Jr.] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Outbreak Sect, Eastern Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 27 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1939 EP 1950 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-087 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 036GK UT WOS:000311014200004 PM 23127702 ER PT J AU Kamleh, R Jurdi, M Annous, BA AF Kamleh, Rabih Jurdi, Mey Annous, Bassam A. TI Management of Microbial Food Safety in Arab Countries SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID AL-BIREH DISTRICT; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; INFANT BOTULISM; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; TRIPOLI-LIBYA; SAUDI-ARABIA; SALMONELLA; MEAT AB Microbial food safety remains a major economic and public health concern in Arab countries. Over the past several years, many of these countries have attempted to revise and upgrade food quality control and surveillance programs; however, these systems vary in scope and effectiveness. This review addresses the major reported foodborne outbreaks and multidrug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms isolated from food products. Major foodborne pathogens of concern included Brucella spp., Clostridium botulinum, fecal coliforms. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus. Measures for managing microbial food hazards based on a comprehensive risk analysis also are proposed. C1 [Kamleh, Rabih; Jurdi, Mey] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Environm Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon. [Annous, Bassam A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kamleh, R (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Environm Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, POB 11-0236, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon. EM rabih.kamleh@aub.edu.lb NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 75 IS 11 BP 2082 EP 2090 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-405 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 036GK UT WOS:000311014200020 PM 23127718 ER PT J AU Troen, AM Hallacoglu, B Sassaroli, A Fantini, S AF Troen, A. M. Hallacoglu, B. Sassaroli, A. Fantini, S. TI Application of non invasive Near Infrared Spectroscopy to animal models of Vascular Cognitive Impairment SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Israel-Society-for-Neuroscience CY DEC 11-13, 2011 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Israel Soc Neurosci C1 [Troen, A. M.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, Inst Biochem Food Sci & Nutr, Nutr & Brain Hlth Lab, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Troen, A. M.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hallacoglu, B.; Sassaroli, A.; Fantini, S.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Diffuse Opt Imaging Grp, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM troen@agri.huji.ac.il NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 48 SU 1 BP S118 EP S118 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 030BC UT WOS:000310541600306 ER PT J AU Hu, LJ AF Hu, Liang-Jun TI Towards exploring the hybrid soil erosion processes: Theoretical considerations SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRYLAND ENVIRONMENTS; FLUVIAL INTERACTIONS; FREEZE-THAW; SYSTEMS; WIND; NAMIBIA; CHINA; RIVER; FIELD C1 [Hu, Liang-Jun] NE Normal Univ, Chinese Minist Educ, Key Lab Vegetat Ecol Sci, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China. RP Hu, LJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 155A EP 157A DI 10.2489/jswc.67.6.155A PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036WJ UT WOS:000311062700002 ER PT J AU Lal, R Delgado, JA Gulliford, J Nielsen, D Rice, CW Van Pelt, RS AF Lal, Rattan Delgado, Jorge A. Gulliford, Jim Nielsen, David Rice, Charles W. Van Pelt, R. Scott TI Adapting agriculture to drought and extreme events SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MITIGATE C1 [Lal, Rattan] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Delgado, Jorge A.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Gulliford, Jim] Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Ankeny, IA USA. [Nielsen, David] USDA ARS, Akron, CO USA. [Rice, Charles W.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Van Pelt, R. Scott] USDA ARS, Big Spring, TX USA. RP Lal, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 52 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 162A EP 166A DI 10.2489/jswc.67.6.162A PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036WJ UT WOS:000311062700004 ER PT J AU Skaggs, RW Fausey, NR Evans, RO AF Skaggs, R. Wayne Fausey, Norman R. Evans, Robert O. TI Drainage water management SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE LOSS; TABLE MANAGEMENT; COASTAL-PLAIN; TILE DRAINAGE; LOSSES; YIELDS; STRATEGIES; QUALITY C1 [Skaggs, R. Wayne; Evans, Robert O.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fausey, Norman R.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. RP Skaggs, RW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 46 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 34 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 167A EP 172A DI 10.2489/jswc.67.6.167A PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036WJ UT WOS:000311062700005 ER PT J AU Ghane, E Fausey, NR Shedekar, VS Piepho, HP Shang, Y Brown, LC AF Ghane, E. Fausey, N. R. Shedekar, V. S. Piepho, H. P. Shang, Y. Brown, L. C. TI Crop yield evaluation under controlled drainage in Ohio, United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE free drainage; managed drainage; mixed model; multienvironment trials; on-farm experiment; yield stability ID NITRATE LOSS; COVARIANCE STRUCTURE; STATISTICAL ASPECTS; TILE DRAINAGE; WATER-QUALITY; TRIALS; STABILITY; CORN; VARIANCE; WEATHER AB Controlled drainage (CD) is an important practice for reducing nutrient loading to surface water bodies across the midwestern United States. There may also be a positive crop yield benefit, which could add an incentive for adoption of this practice. The objective of this multienvironment trial was to assess yield stability and yield performance of CD in northwest Ohio, United States. The trial was a split-plot experiment with environments as whole plots (randomization unit). The main plot factor was crop with three levels: corn (Zen mays L.), popcorn (Zen mays L. var. everta), and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). The subplot factor was drainage management with two levels: conventional free drainage (FD) and CD. The design of the main plot factor was a completely randomized design. Mixed model analysis showed that CD management produced a statistically greater (p-value = 0.0246) crop yield compared to FD management over 23 site-year environments during 2008 to 2011. Interaction between drainage management and crop was not significant, implying that CD management had the same yield-increasing effect for all crops. The CD management provided 3.3%, 3.1%, and 2.1% greater yield for corn, popcorn and soybean, respectively, relative to the FD management. The stability analysis based on 23 environments suggested that the drainage managements were not different in yield stability, though a larger number of environments are needed to make a more accurate assessment of yield stability. Area of influence analysis indicated that CD can provide more profit than FD for relatively flat fields where the influence of CD extends over the entire field. In conclusion, CD provided crop yield advantage over FD across different environments in northwest Ohio. C1 [Ghane, E.; Shedekar, V. S.; Shang, Y.; Brown, L. C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Fausey, N. R.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. [Piepho, H. P.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Crop Sci, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Ghane, E (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. OI Piepho, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-7813-2992 FU USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Innovation Grant through the Agricultural Drainage Management Coalition; USDA NRCS State Conservation Innovation Grant through the Maumee Valley RCD; Overholt Drainage Education and Research Program, Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University Extension, Ohio State University; USDA Agricultural Research Service Soil Drainage Research Unit FX This project was funded, in part, by a USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Innovation Grant through the Agricultural Drainage Management Coalition; a USDA NRCS State Conservation Innovation Grant through the Maumee Valley RC & D; the Overholt Drainage Education and Research Program, Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University Extension, Ohio State University; and support from the USDA Agricultural Research Service Soil Drainage Research Unit. The authors thank the cooperating farmers for providing their farms as research and demonstration sites. The authors also express gratitude to Kpoti Gunn and Mark Wahl, graduate students, and James Gallaher, an undergraduate student, in the Department of Food. Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, for help with data collection. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 32 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.6.465 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036WJ UT WOS:000311062700007 ER PT J AU Jaynes, DB AF Jaynes, D. B. TI Changes in yield and nitrate losses from using drainage water management in central Iowa, United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE artificial drainage; corn; soybean; water quality ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; TABLE MANAGEMENT; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; QUALITY; SOIL; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; FIELDS; BASIN AB Drainage water management (DWM) is a potentially valuable management practice for reducing NO3 losses to surface waters in areas of artificial drainage. But the practice is essentially untested in Midwest United States conditions and its water quality and crop yield benefits uncertain. This paper reports results from applying DWM to a 22 ha (54 ac) production field in central Iowa as part of a five-state Conservation Innovative Grant effort to document the impact of DWM across the Midwest. Three of nine plots in an existing tile drainage research site were retrofitted with control structures so that the drainage level could be controlled. Water flow from the tile in each plot, NO3 concentration in the drainage, and crop yield were measured over a four year period from 2006 to 2009. The field was in a two year corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) rotation with nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied before the corn crop only. During four years of monitoring tile flow, there was a significant (p = 0.05) 21% decrease in tile flow, no significant decrease in NO3 concentration, and a significant 29% reduction in NO3 load leaching from the DWM treatment compared to conventional drainage. No yield benefits from DWM were observed for the two year average for corn (2006 and 2008), but a significant yield increase of 8% was observed for the two year average for soybean (2007 and 2009). For the four years monitored in this study, it is unclear if the yield increase for soybean versus no increase for corn was due to weather patterns or because corn and soybean responded differently to the raised water table caused by DWM. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Jaynes, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50010 USA. FU Conservation Innovation Grant [68-3A75-6-116] FX The author thanks K. Heikens, B. Knutson, J. Cook, and R. Hartwig. technicians at the USDA Agricultural Research Service National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, Iowa, who conducted most of the field activities for this project, A. Morrow, laboratory supervisor at the USDA Agricultural Research Service National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, Iowa, who supervised the chemical analyses, and B. Larson and his family farmers in Story City, Iowa, for collaborating in this research. This research was supported in part by Conservation Innovation Grant #68-3A75-6-116. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 42 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 485 EP 494 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.6.485 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036WJ UT WOS:000311062700009 ER PT J AU Heilman, P Kanwar, RS Malone, RW Ma, L Hatfield, JL Boyle, K AF Heilman, P. Kanwar, R. S. Malone, R. W. Ma, L. Hatfield, J. L. Boyle, K. TI The Nashua agronomic, water quality, and economic dataset SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE economic data; hypoxia; natural resource database; nitrogen loading; tile drainage ID TILE-DRAINAGE; CROP YIELD; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; NITRATE; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; CORN; RIVER; RISK; FLOW AB This paper describes a dataset relating management to nitrogen (N) loading and crop yields from 1990 to 2003 on 36, 0.4 ha (1 ac) individually tile-drained plots on the Northeast Research and Demonstration Farm near Nashua, Iowa, United States. The field-measured data were used to calibrate the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), and the results were summarized in a special issue of Geoderma (Abuja and Hatfield 2007). With a comprehensive, long-term measured dataset and a model that simulates many of the components of the agricultural system, one can begin to understand the effects of management practices on N loading, crop yields, and net income to the farmers. Other researchers can use this dataset to assess the effects of management on similar tile-drained systems occurring some distance from Nashua, under alternative climates and soils, with other management systems, or with simulation models using different process representations. By integrating the understanding developed at Nashua with datasets from other highly monitored sites and other sources, progress can be made in addressing problems related to excessive N fluxes in the Mississippi Basin. An example 30-year RZWQM simulation of 18 management systems implies that significant management changes are needed to meet the goal of reducing N loads to the Gulf of Mexico by 45%. This paper and the associated datasets are intended to be used in conjunction with the analyses and process descriptions presented in the Geoderma special issue. The datasets and additional explanatory materials are available for download at http://apps.tucson.ars.ag.gov/nashua. C1 [Heilman, P.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Serv, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Kanwar, R. S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Malone, R. W.; Hatfield, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Ma, L.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Boyle, K.] DevTreks, Portland, OR USA. RP Heilman, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Serv, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 502 EP 512 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.6.502 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036WJ UT WOS:000311062700011 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Rossi, CG Arnold, JG Tomer, MD AF Moriasi, D. N. Rossi, C. G. Arnold, J. G. Tomer, M. D. TI Evaluating hydrology of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with new tile drain equations SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Hooghoudt; Kirkham; simulation accuracy; Soil Water Assessment Tool; streamflow; tile drainage ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; NITRATE; MODEL; IOWA; LANDSCAPES; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; CALIBRATION; CLIMATE; QUALITY AB Although subsurface drainage is a water management system widely used to maximize crop production in regions with seasonal high water tables, such as the midwestern United States, it is also a major source of nutrients into water bodies. Recently, physically based Hooghoudt and Kirkham tile drain equations were incorporated into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (herein referred to as Modified SWAT) as alternative tile flow simulation methods and a tool to design cost-effective and environment-friendly tile drain water management systems. The goal of this study was to determine a range of values for the new tile drain parameters and to use measured streamflow data from the South Fork Watershed (SFW) in Iowa to evaluate the capability of the Modified SWAT to simulate water balance components for this tile-drained watershed. This was accomplished by reviewing literature of tile drainage studies and by comparing measured streamflow with that predicted by the Modified SWAT using the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and percent bias (PBIAS [%]) statistical methods in addition to hydrographs. During the calibration period, the Modified SWAT simulated streamflow very well (monthly NSE = 0.85 and PBIAS = +/-2.3%). During the validation period, the Modified SWAT model simulated streamflow well (monthly NSE = 0.70 and PBIAS = +/-2.5%). Simulated water balance results indicated that the soil water with tile drainage (260 mm [10 in]) was significantly (p-value = 0.00) lower than soil water without tile drainage (353 mm [14 in]), while streamflow with (205 mm [8 in]) tile drainage was significantly (p-value = 0.03) greater than streamflow without (128 mm[ 5 in]) tile drainage. This shows that the Hooghoudt steady-state and Kirkham tile drain equations are potential alternative tile flow simulation methods and tile drainage design tools in SWAT. C1 [Moriasi, D. N.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Rossi, C. G.; Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Tomer, M. D.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. OI Moriasi, Daniel N/0000-0002-3389-3277 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX The authors are grateful to Georgie Mitchell and Nancy Sammons, information technology specialists at the USDA Agricultural Research Service Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, Texas, for their invaluable assistance with incorporation of the Hooghoudt steady-state and Kirkham tile drain equations into SWAT and the model evaluation. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 48 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 513 EP 524 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.6.513 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036WJ UT WOS:000311062700012 ER PT J AU White, MW Harmel, RD Haney, RL AF White, M. W. Harmel, R. D. Haney, R. L. TI Development and validation of the Texas Best Management Practice Evaluation Tool (TBET) SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation practice; modeling; nitrogen; nonpoint source pollution; phosphorus; Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT); water quality ID WATER-QUALITY IMPACTS; POULTRY LITTER FERTILIZATION; SOUTHERN PLAINS; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; NUTRIENT LOSSES; BROILER LITTER; UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS; MODEL; GRASSLANDS AB Conservation planners need simple yet accurate tools to predict sediment and nutrient losses from agricultural fields to guide conservation practice implementation and increase cost-effectiveness. The Texas Best Management Practice Evaluation Tool (TBET), which serves as an input/output interpreter and vastly simplified interface for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was developed to predict mean annual runoff, sediment, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural fields in Texas under a variety of management scenarios and conservation practices. The Texas Best Management Practice Evaluation Tool was developed to provide a scientific basis for decision making, evaluation, and reporting in state and federal conservation programs. A rigorous, data-intensive calibration and validation process was employed in TBET development. First, hydrology outputs were calibrated with basin scale streamflow data from 20 US Geological Survey sites. Then, runoff, sediment, total N, and total P outputs were calibrated and validated with measured field scale data (260+ site years). Even without calibration, TBET was able to make "good" to "very good" predictions of mean annual runoff and total P losses according to commonly applied model evaluation methods. Calibrated TBET predictions of sediment and total N losses were not as accurate but were still "satisfactory." These much-improved results relative to those of often applied tools such as P Indices are very encouraging since the design goals of simple operation and accurate predictions for diverse Texas conditions with only readily available inputs were certainly met. Thus, TBET meets an important need by providing accurate, science-based estimates of conservation practice benefits at the field scale. C1 [White, M. W.; Harmel, R. D.; Haney, R. L.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP White, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 FU Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board [09-50] FX The Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board provided funding for this project through a State General Revenue nonpoint source grant (Project #09-50). Their support of research that puts conservation practices on the ground is sincerely appreciated. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 33 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 525 EP 535 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.6.525 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036WJ UT WOS:000311062700013 ER PT J AU Foltz, RB AF Foltz, R. B. TI A comparison of three erosion control mulches on decommissioned forest road corridors in the northern Rocky Mountains, United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE erosion control; mulch; straw; wood shreds; wood strands ID POSTFIRE REHABILITATION; STRAW; SOIL; CONSERVATION; COVER AB This study tested the erosion mitigation effectiveness of agricultural straw and two wood-based mulches for four years on decommissioned forest roads. Plots were installed on the loosely consolidated, bare soil to measure sediment production, mulch cover, and plant regrowth. The experimental design was a repeated measures, randomized block on two soil types common in the northern Rocky Mountain area. The control produced the most sediment, while wood strands produced the least during the critical first winter following road decommissioning. Following the first year, there was no statistically significant difference in sediment production among the mulches or control. One year after the three mulches were applied, there was no statistical difference among mulch cover. Further, none of the mulches inhibited plant regrowth. The conservation implications of these research findings demonstrated that wood-based alternatives to agricultural straw were equally effective in reducing sediment production from originally bare, unvegetated soil strips resulting from forest road decommissioning. The amount of effective ground cover provided by mulch, plants, and litter appeared to be more important than the type of mulch. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Foltz, RB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. FU Missoula Technology Development Center, US Forest Service; Idaho Panhandle National Forest; Priest Lake Development Consortium; Forest Concepts LLC FX Funding for this work came from Missoula Technology Development Center, US Forest Service: Idaho Panhandle National Forest; Priest Lake Development Consortium; and Forest Concepts LLC. Plot installation and semiannual cleanouts were led by Ben Kopysicanski with assistance front Kristina Yanosek, Natalie Copeland, Troy Henseik, Brandon Clays, Pen Moore, Hakjun Rhee, Tyler Oester, and Marina Merker. Without the assistance of Tom Crawford, Payette National Forest, and Jill Cobb, Idaho Panhandle National Forests, the study would not have been possible. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 26 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 536 EP 544 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.6.536 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036WJ UT WOS:000311062700014 ER PT J AU Tufekcioglu, M Isenhart, TM Schultz, RC Bear, DA Kovar, JL Russell, JR AF Tufekcioglu, M. Isenhart, T. M. Schultz, R. C. Bear, D. A. Kovar, J. L. Russell, J. R. TI Stream bank erosion as a source of sediment and phosphorus in grazed pastures of the Rathbun Lake Watershed in southern Iowa, United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE livestock grazing; riparian pasture; stream bank erosion; water pollution ID RIPARIAN LAND-USES; SURFACE RUNOFF; MANAGEMENT; CHANNEL; RIVER; SOIL; NITROGEN; MINNESOTA; DELIVERY; IMPACT AB Livestock grazing of riparian areas can have a major impact on stream banks and stream integrity if improperly managed. The goals of this study were to determine the sediment and phosphorus (P) losses from stream bank soils under varying cattle stocking rates and to identify additional factors that impact stream bank erosion in the southern Iowa Drift Plain. The research was conducted on 13 cooperating beef cow-calf farms within the Rathbun Lake Watershed in south central Iowa. Over three years, stream bank erosion rates were estimated by using an erosion pin method. Eroded stream bank lengths and area, soil bulk density, and total P (TP) content in stream bank soil were measured to calculate soil and TP losses via stream bank erosion. The length of severely eroded stream banks and soil compaction of the riparian areas of the pastures were positively related to stocking rates. There was no direct relationship between bank erosion and stocking rate. These results suggest that use of riparian areas as pasture can negatively impact the integrity of the major source areas and that the impact could be reduced through management of livestock stocking densities within these riparian areas. C1 [Tufekcioglu, M.] Artvin Coruh Univ, Dept Forestry, Artvin, Turkey. [Isenhart, T. M.; Schultz, R. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA USA. [Bear, D. A.; Russell, J. R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA USA. [Kovar, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Tufekcioglu, M (reprint author), Artvin Coruh Univ, Dept Forestry, Artvin, Turkey. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 51 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 545 EP 555 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.6.545 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036WJ UT WOS:000311062700015 ER PT J AU Boothe, D Smaha, T Carpenter, DM Shaheen, B Hatchcock, T AF Boothe, Dawn Smaha, Tim Carpenter, D. Mark Shaheen, Bashar Hatchcock, Terri TI Antimicrobial Resistance and Pharmacodynamics of Canine and Feline Pathogenic E. coli in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; FLUOROQUINOLONE-RESISTANT; DOGS; VIRULENCE; POPULATION; PROFILES; SPECTRUM; ANIMALS AB Percent resistance and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were described for canine (n = 301) and feline (n = 75) pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates solicited during May 2005 to Sep 2005 from the Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory at Auburn University (n = 165) or commercial diagnostic laboratories ([CDL]; n = 211) from four regions in the USA. Drugs tested were amoxicillin (AMX), amoxicillin trihydrate/ clavulanate potassium (AMXC), cefpodoxime (CFP), doxycycline (DXY), enrofloxacin (ENR), gentamicin (GM) and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (TMS). Urinary isolates were most common (n = 174). Percent resistance was greatest for isolates from the respiratory tract, urine, and skin compared with the ear. Resistance was also greatest for samples sent from the south and central states compared with the western states (P <= 0.001). Percent resistance by drug was AMX (46 +/- 2.6%) > AMXC (37 +/- 2.5%) > CFP (21.8 +/- 2%) = DXY (22 +/- 2.1%) = ENR (20 +/- 2.1%) = TMS (19 +/- 2%) > GM (12 +/- 1.7%). There was a significant difference in resistance between the different antibiotic drugs (P <= 0.001). Population MIC distributions were bimodal, and MICs were highest in samples from the southern states (P <= 0.001). E. coli resistance may limit its empirical treatment. For susceptible isolates, AMX and AMXC may be least effective and TMS most effective. (J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 48: 379-389. DOI 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5805) C1 [Boothe, Dawn] Auburn Univ, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Carpenter, D. Mark] Auburn Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hatchcock, Terri] Auburn Univ, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Smaha, Tim] Banfield Pet Hosp, Columbia, SC USA. [Shaheen, Bashar] USDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR USA. RP Boothe, D (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM boothdm@auburn.edu FU Waltham Foundation FX All authors declare no conflicts of interest. This study was supported (in part) by a Grant-in-Aid from the Waltham Foundation. The Waltham Foundation had no role in the design, implementation, or reporting of this study. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOC PI LAKEWOOD PA PO BOX 150899, LAKEWOOD, CO 80215-0899 USA SN 0587-2871 J9 J AM ANIM HOSP ASSOC JI J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 48 IS 6 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5805 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 030QX UT WOS:000310586300002 PM 23033458 ER PT J AU Nagamani, SCS Shchelochkov, OA Mullins, MA Carter, S Lanpher, BC Sun, Q Kleppe, S Erez, A Smith, EO Marini, JC Lee, B AF Nagamani, Sandesh C. S. Shchelochkov, Oleg A. Mullins, Mary A. Carter, Susan Lanpher, Brendan C. Sun, Qin Kleppe, Soledad Erez, Ayelet Smith, E. O'Brian Marini, Juan C. Lee, Brendan CA Members Urea Cycle Disorders Conso TI A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of high-dose versus low-dose of arginine therapy on hepatic function tests in argininosuccinic aciduria SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE Rare disease clinical research; Argininosuccinate lyase; Argininosuccinic aciduria; Arginine therapy; Hepatic disease ID UREA CYCLE DISORDERS; LYASE DEFICIENCY; LIVER FIBROSIS; SERUM; DISEASES AB Objective: To compare the effects of combinatorial therapy with low-dose arginine and a nitrogen scavenging agent (sodium phenylbutyrate) vs. monotherapy with high-dose arginine on liver function tests in patients with argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA). Study design: Twelve patients with ASA were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study design. Subjects were randomized to receive either a low-dose of arginine therapy (100 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) combined with sodium phenylbutyrate (500 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) (LDA arm) or a high-dose of arginine alone (500 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) (HDA arm) for one week. At the end of one week of therapy, liver function tests were assessed and metabolite fluxes were measured using a multi-tracer stable isotope protocol. Results: Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and measures of synthetic functions of the liver were the primary outcomes. Subjects had significantly increased levels of argininosuccinate (P<0.03) and AST levels (P<0.01) after treatment with high-dose arginine. In the subset of subjects with elevated AST or ALT, treatment with high-dose of arginine was associated with further increases in plasma levels of both aminotransferases. Whereas subjects had increased arginine and citrulline flux with high-dose arginine therapy, the glutamine flux was not different between the two treatment arms. The synthetic liver functions as assessed by prothrombin time, INR, and coagulation factor levels were not different between the HDA and LDA arms. Conclusions: Administering higher doses of arginine in subjects with ASA results in increases in AST and ALT levels, especially in the subset of patients with elevated baseline aminotransferases. Hence, low-dose arginine sufficient to normalize arginine levels in plasma combined with nitrogen scavenging therapy should be considered as a therapeutic option for treatment of ASA in patients with elevations of hepatic aminotransferases. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nagamani, Sandesh C. S.; Shchelochkov, Oleg A.; Mullins, Mary A.; Carter, Susan; Lanpher, Brendan C.; Sun, Qin; Kleppe, Soledad; Erez, Ayelet; Lee, Brendan] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Smith, E. O'Brian; Marini, Juan C.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat Nutr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Carter, Susan; Lee, Brendan] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nagamani, SCS (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nagamani@bcm.edu OI Baumgartner, Matthias R./0000-0002-9270-0826 FU NIH Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN); National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 181 (NICHD) [U54HD061221]; NIH Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR); NIH [DK54450, DK92921, RR19453, RR00188, GM90310, GM07526, DK081735, RR024173]; Baylor College of Medicine General Clinical Research Center [RR00188]; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center [HD024064]; Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center; Urea Cycle Disorders Rare Disease Clinical Research Network, NIH [HD061221]; National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation Research Fellowship; O'Malley Fellowship of the UCDC RDCRN FX We thank the subject families and the referring physicians for their kind participation. We are grateful A. Tran, J. Stuff, and the nursing staff of the General Clinical Research Center at Texas Children's Hospital. Ucyclyd Pharma provided sodium phenylbutyrate for the study. This work was made possible by the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC). This consortium is a part of the NIH Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN). Funding and/or programmatic support for this project has been provided by U54HD061221 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 181 (NICHD) and the NIH Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR). The views expressed in written materials or publications do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the Department of Health and Human Services; nor does mention by trade names, commercial practices, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.; This work was supported by the NIH (DK54450, DK92921, RR19453, RR00188, GM90310, to B. Lee, GM07526, DK081735 to A. Erez, RR024173 to J. Marini), Baylor College of Medicine General Clinical Research Center (RR00188), Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (HD024064), The Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center, and the Urea Cycle Disorders Rare Disease Clinical Research Network, NIH (HD061221 to BL). SCS Nagamani, OA Shchelochkov and A Erez are awardees of the National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation Research Fellowship. OA Shchelochkov is an awardee of the O'Malley Fellowship of the UCDC RDCRN. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 107 IS 3 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.016 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 032LM UT WOS:000310720200011 PM 23040521 ER PT J AU Veturi, Y Kump, K Walsh, E Ott, O Poland, J Kolkman, JM Balint-Kurti, PJ Holland, JB Wisser, RJ AF Veturi, Yogasudha Kump, Kristen Walsh, Ellie Ott, Oliver Poland, Jesse Kolkman, Judith M. Balint-Kurti, Peter J. Holland, James B. Wisser, Randall J. TI Multivariate Mixed Linear Model Analysis of Longitudinal Data: An Information-Rich Statistical Technique for Analyzing Plant Disease Resistance SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE; PROGRESS CURVE; LEAF-BLIGHT; MAIZE; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; PATHOLOGY; VARIABLES; AREA AB The mixed linear model (MLM) is an advanced statistical technique applicable to many fields of science. The multivariate MLM can be used to model longitudinal data, such as repeated ratings of disease resistance taken across time. In this study, using an example data set from a multi-environment trial of northern leaf blight disease on 290 maize lines with diverse levels of resistance, multivariate MLM analysis was performed and its utility was examined. In the population and environments tested, genotypic effects were highly correlated across disease ratings and followed an autoregressive pattern of correlation decay. Because longitudinal data are often converted to the univariate measure of area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), comparisons between univariate MLM analysis of AUDPC and multivariate MLM analysis of longitudinal data were made. Univariate analysis had the advantage of simplicity and reduced computational demand, whereas multivariate analysis enabled a comprehensive perspective on disease development, providing the opportunity for unique insights into disease resistance. To aid in the application of multivariate MLM analysis of longitudinal data on disease resistance, annotated program syntax for model fitting is provided for the software ASReml. C1 [Veturi, Yogasudha; Wisser, Randall J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kump, Kristen; Ott, Oliver; Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Walsh, Ellie] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Poland, Jesse] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kolkman, Judith M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Holland, James B.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wisser, RJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM rjw@udel.edu OI Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675; Poland, Jesse/0000-0002-7856-1399 FU United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2007-35301-18133/19859] FX This research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture project 2007-35301-18133/19859. We thank M. Carson for providing seed of the originally selected population and R. Nelson for, providing support for field trials conducted in New York. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 102 IS 11 BP 1016 EP 1025 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-10-11-0268 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 036BW UT WOS:000311002400001 PM 23046207 ER PT J AU Gauger, PC Vincent, AL Loving, CL Henningson, JN Lager, KM Janke, BH Kehrli, ME Roth, JA AF Gauger, P. C. Vincent, A. L. Loving, C. L. Henningson, J. N. Lager, K. M. Janke, B. H. Kehrli, M. E., Jr. Roth, J. A. TI Kinetics of Lung Lesion Development and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response in Pigs With Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease Induced by Challenge With Pandemic (2009) A/H1N1 Influenza Virus SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE swine; influenza A virus; pandemic H1N1; vaccine; enhanced pneumonia ID UNITED-STATES; A VIRUS; INTRATRACHEAL CHALLENGE; PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS; INTERFERON-ALPHA; ATYPICAL MEASLES; AMERICAN PIGS; H1N1 VACCINE; SWINE; INFECTION AB The objective of this report was to characterize the enhanced clinical disease and lung lesions observed in pigs vaccinated with inactivated H1N2 swine delta-cluster influenza A virus and challenged with pandemic 2009 A/H1N1 human influenza virus. Eighty-four, 6-week-old, cross-bred pigs were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 28 pigs to represent vaccinated/challenged (V/C), non-vaccinated/challenged (NV/C), and non-vaccinated/non-challenged (NV/NC) control groups. Pigs were intratracheally inoculated with pH1N1 and euthanized at 1, 2, 5, and 21 days post inoculation (dpi). Macroscopically, V/C pigs demonstrated greater percentages of pneumonia compared to NV/C pigs. Histologically, V/C pigs demonstrated severe bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis accompanied by interlobular and alveolar edema and hemorrhage at 1 and 2 dpi. The magnitude of peribronchiolar lymphocytic cuffing was greater in V/C pigs by 5 dpi. Microscopic lung lesion scores were significantly higher in the V/C pigs at 2 and 5 dpi compared to NV/C and NV/NC pigs. Elevated TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at all time points in V/C pigs compared to NV/C pigs. These data suggest H1 inactivated vaccines followed by heterologous challenge resulted in potentiated clinical signs and enhanced pulmonary lesions and correlated with an elevated proinflammatory cytokine response in the lung. The lung alterations and host immune response are consistent with the vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) clinical outcome observed reproducibly in this swine model. C1 [Vincent, A. L.; Loving, C. L.; Henningson, J. N.; Lager, K. M.; Kehrli, M. E., Jr.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Gauger, P. C.; Janke, B. H.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. RP Vincent, AL (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X FU USDA-ARS FX Financial support for this study was provided by USDA-ARS. NR 48 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 900 EP 912 DI 10.1177/0300985812439724 PG 13 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 034EM UT WOS:000310853200005 PM 22461226 ER PT J AU Sullivan, TJ Cosby, BJ McDonnell, TC Porter, EM Blett, T Haeuber, R Huber, CM Lynch, J AF Sullivan, Timothy J. Cosby, Bernard J. McDonnell, Todd C. Porter, Ellen M. Blett, Tamara Haeuber, Richard Huber, Cindy M. Lynch, Jason TI Critical Loads of Acidity to Protect and Restore Acid-Sensitive Streams in Virginia and West Virginia SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Critical load; Acidification; Stream; Weathering; Virginia; West Virginia ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; WATER ACIDIFICATION; MODEL PROJECTIONS; BASE CHEMISTRY; DEPOSITION; SULFUR; NITROGEN; FOREST; SOILS; USA AB The purpose of the research described here is to apply a new approach for generating aquatic critical load (CL) and exceedance calculations for an important acid-sensitive region of the eastern USA. A widespread problem in regional aquatic acidification CL modeling for US ecosystems has been the lack of site-specific weathering data needed to derive accurate model CL estimates. A modified version of the steady-state water chemistry CL model was applied here to estimate CL and exceedances for streams throughout acid-sensitive portions of Virginia and West Virginia. A novel approach for estimating weathering across the regional landscape was applied, based on weathering estimates extracted from a well-tested, process-based watershed model of drainage water acid-base chemistry and features of the landscape that are available as regional spatial data coverages. This process allowed extrapolation of site-specific weathering data from 92 stream watersheds to the regional context in three ecoregions for supporting CL calculations. Calculated CL values were frequently low, especially in the Blue Ridge ecoregion where one-third of the stream length had CL<50 meq/m(2)/year to maintain stream ANC at 50 mu eq/L under steady-state conditions. About half or more of the stream length in the study region was in exceedance of the CL for long-term aquatic resource protection under assumed nitrogen saturation at steady state. Land managers and air quality policy makers will need this information to better understand responses to air pollution emissions reductions and to develop ecoregion-specific air pollution targets. C1 [Sullivan, Timothy J.; McDonnell, Todd C.] E&S Environm Chem Inc, Corvallis, OR USA. [Cosby, Bernard J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Porter, Ellen M.; Blett, Tamara] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO USA. [Haeuber, Richard; Lynch, Jason] US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Huber, Cindy M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Roanoke, VA USA. RP Sullivan, TJ (reprint author), E&S Environm Chem Inc, POB 609, Corvallis, OR USA. EM tim.sullivan@ESEnvironmental.com RI Cosby, Bernard/B-5653-2012 FU National Park Service of the US Department of the Interior [H4506070713]; US Forest Service; E&S Environmental Chemistry, Inc. FX We thank J. Charles, S. Mackey, G. McPherson, K. Snyder, and D. Moore for technical assistance and J. Karish for fiscal and project management support. R. Dennis provided CMAQ model output for dry sulfur and nitrogen deposition. Interpolated NADP wet deposition estimates were provided by J. Grimm. This research was supported through Cooperative Agreement Number H4506070713, awarded by the National Park Service of the US Department of the Interior to the University of Virginia, and through a contract between the US Forest Service and E&S Environmental Chemistry, Inc. This report has not been subjected to federal agency review, and no official endorsement is implied. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 223 IS 9 BP 5759 EP 5771 DI 10.1007/s11270-012-1312-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 035AG UT WOS:000310913400018 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FR Fernandez, IJ Szillery, J Norton, SA Rustad, LE AF Fatemi, Farrah R. Fernandez, Ivan J. Szillery, Johanna Norton, Stephen A. Rustad, Lindsey E. TI Soil Solution Chemical Response to Two Decades of Experimental Acidification at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Acid deposition; Forest ecosystem; New England; Nitrogen pollution; Soil solution; Watershed manipulation ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NEW-YORK; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; HARDWOOD FOREST; FIR FORESTS; CHEMISTRY; USA AB We examined long-term changes in soil solution chemistry associated with experimental, whole watershed-acidification at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). At BBWM, the West Bear (WB) watershed has been treated with bimonthly additions of ((NH4)(2) SO4) since 1989. The adjacent East Bear (EB) watershed serves as a biogeochemical reference. Soil solution chemistry in the EB watershed was relatively stable from 1989-2007, with the exception of declining SO4-S concentrations associated with a progressive decline in SO4-S deposition during this period. Soil solution chemistry in WB reflected a progressive change in acid-neutralization mechanisms from base cation buffering to Al buffering associated with treatment during this period. Total dissolved Al concentrations progressively increased over time and were similar to 4x higher in 2007 than in 1989. Treatment of WB was also associated with long-term increases in soil solution H+, SO4-S, and NO3-N, whereas soil solution dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was unresponsive to treatment. For solutes such as Ca, H+, and SO4-S, changes in stream chemistry were generally parallel to changes in soil solution chemistry, indicating a close coupling of terrestrial and aquatic processes that regulate the chemistry of solutions in this first-order stream watershed. For other solutes such as Al and DOC, solute concentrations were higher in soil solutions compared with streams, suggesting that sorption and transformation processes along hydrologic flow-paths were important in regulating the chemistry of solutions and the transport of these solutes. C1 [Fatemi, Farrah R.] Villanova Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Fernandez, Ivan J.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME USA. [Fernandez, Ivan J.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME USA. [Szillery, Johanna] SW Cole Engn, Bangor, ME USA. [Norton, Stephen A.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Rustad, Lindsey E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH USA. RP Fatemi, FR (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM farrah.fatemi@villanova.edu FU Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0415348, DEB-0210257]; University of Maine Graduate School; New England Farm and Garden Association FX We would like to thank the individuals and funding agencies that helped make this research possible. A special thanks to Cheryl Spencer for providing field and laboratory assistance. We also thank the laboratory and field staff, including the University of Maine Sawyer Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, John Cangelosi, Karen Small, Mary Beth Parent, Benjamin Lynch, and Anthony Drouin. Kevin Simon and Bryan Dail provided helpful comments to improve this manuscript. This research was funded, in part, by the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station and the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB-0415348 and DEB-0210257). Graduate research fellowship support for this project was provided by the University of Maine Graduate School and the New England Farm and Garden Association. This manuscript has not been subject to agency or corporate review, and no endorsements should be inferred. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication #2618. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 223 IS 9 BP 6171 EP 6186 DI 10.1007/s11270-012-1348-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 035AG UT WOS:000310913400052 ER PT J AU Weber, JG AF Weber, Jeremy G. TI Social learning and technology adoption: the case of coffee pruning in Peru SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Social learning; Technology adoption; Coffee; Peru ID PANEL-DATA AB A unique natural experiment involving a coffee pruning technology is used to study social learning. The yield effects of pruning take two years to appear, a characteristic that aids in identifying social learning apart from correlated unobservable variables that are a concern in the social learning and technology adoption literature. Panel data are employed that start with a private initiative which introduced systematic pruning in central Peru and that contain the population of participating growers. Results show a jump of at least 0.15 in the probability of adoption two years after the first pruning in a grower's group. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Weber, JG (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jeweber@ers.usda.gov FU Graduate School of UW-Madison; Peruvian National Coffee Board (Junta Nacional del Cafe); Rainforest Alliance FX I thank Brad Barham, Jean-Paul Chavas, Laura Schechter, Hope Michelson, seminar participants at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the Midwest International Economic Development Conference, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. The work behind the study was made possible by cooperation by Lavazza, Volcafe, Alvaro Llobet, Orlando Diaz, Javier Salazar, Diana Bazan Vargas, and Antero Flores Nano and financial support from the Graduate School of UW-Madison, the Peruvian National Coffee Board (Junta Nacional del Cafe), and Rainforest Alliance. All errors are my responsibility. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 SU 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2012.00621.x PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 031YQ UT WOS:000310679100007 ER PT J AU Harding, M Leibtag, E Lovenheim, MF AF Harding, Matthew Leibtag, Ephraim Lovenheim, Michael F. TI The Heterogeneous Geographic and Socioeconomic Incidence of Cigarette Taxes: Evidence from Nielsen Homescan Data SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL-ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS; SALES TAXES; PRICES; ALCOHOL; AVOIDANCE; BORDER; STATE; TAXATION; CHOICE; VOLUME AB We use Nielsen Homescan data to examine who bears the economic burden of cigarette taxes. We find cigarette taxes are less than fully passed through to consumer prices, suggesting consumers and producers split the excess burden of these taxes. Using information on consumer location, we show the availability of lower-tax goods across state borders creates significant differences in the pass-through rate. Tax avoidance opportunities also have a sizable effect on purchasing behavior by altering consumer search, prices paid and quantities purchased. Finally, we demonstrate that the incidence of cigarette taxes and the border effect varies by household income and education. (JEL D12, H22, H25, H26, H71, L66) C1 [Harding, Matthew] Stanford Univ, Dept Econ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Leibtag, Ephraim] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Lovenheim, Michael F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Policy Anal & Management, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lovenheim, Michael F.] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Harding, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Econ, 579 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mch@stanford.edu; eleibtag@ers.usda.gov; mfl55@cornell.edu RI Lovenheim, Michael/K-7260-2012 OI Lovenheim, Michael/0000-0001-9542-4946 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 1945-7731 J9 AM ECON J-ECON POLIC JI Am. Econ. J.-Econ. Policy PD NOV PY 2012 VL 4 IS 4 BP 169 EP 198 DI 10.1257/pol.4.4.169 PG 30 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 030JA UT WOS:000310565800007 ER PT J AU Carroll, MJ Duehl, AJ AF Carroll, Mark J. Duehl, Adrian J. TI Collection of volatiles from honeybee larvae and adults enclosed on brood frames SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; volatiles; semiochemicals; pheromone; larvae ID APIS-MELLIFERA L.; PARASITIC MITE VARROA; FORAGING HONEYBEES; DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; BEES HYMENOPTERA; PHEROMONE; APIDAE; QUEENS; SEMIOCHEMICALS; RECOGNITION AB We describe a system for the in situ collection of volatiles from bees enclosed on a standard Langstroth frame face. The system includes an observation frame consisting of a glass plate and an aluminum frame that encloses a single frame face. A push-pull airflow system and an in-line volatile collection filter allow for air exchange and headspace volatile capture. This system can provide insight into colony chemical communication. The emissions of four compounds (2-heptanone, methyl benzoate, decanal, and 3-carene) associated with adult bees or colony materials remained steady or increased slightly in repeated collections from frames with maturing larvae. The emissions of the larval food component octanoic acid reflected changes in food consumption patterns by differently aged larvae. The production of the primer pheromone E-beta-ocimene was greatest in comb containing young larvae and recently capped brood, but was lower on comb with capping larvae. C1 [Carroll, Mark J.] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Duehl, Adrian J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Vet Med & Agr Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32406 USA. RP Carroll, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM Mark.Carroll@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 IS 6 BP 715 EP 730 DI 10.1007/s13592-012-0153-x PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033PL UT WOS:000310810200011 ER PT J AU Pauszek, SJ Rodriguez, LL AF Pauszek, Steven J. Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Full-length genome analysis of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus strains representing the phylogenetic and geographic diversity of the virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL GENE-EXPRESSION; MATRIX PROTEIN; INTERGENIC DINUCLEOTIDE; UNITED-STATES; SEQUENCES; RNA; TRANSCRIPTION; SEROTYPE; HOST; REPLICATION C1 [Pauszek, Steven J.; Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Orient, NY 11957 USA. [Pauszek, Steven J.; Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11957 USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Orient, NY 11957 USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [1940-32000-058-00D] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of J. Zamparo, T. Bunch and Z. Lu for valuable assistance in sequencing. This project was supported by USDA-ARS Project 1940-32000-058-00D. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 157 IS 11 BP 2247 EP 2251 DI 10.1007/s00705-012-1420-x PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 031AK UT WOS:000310611100024 PM 22825698 ER PT J AU Braucher, DR Henningson, JN Loving, CL Vincent, AL Kim, E Steitz, J Gambotto, AA Kehrli, ME AF Braucher, Douglas R. Henningson, Jamie N. Loving, Crystal L. Vincent, Amy L. Kim, Eun Steitz, Julia Gambotto, Andrea A. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. TI Intranasal Vaccination with Replication-Defective Adenovirus Type 5 Encoding Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Elicits Protective Immunity to Homologous Challenge and Partial Protection to Heterologous Challenge in Pigs SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL ANTIBODY INTERFERENCE; CD4(+) T-CELLS; A VIRUSES; RESPONSES; NUCLEOPROTEIN; INFECTION AB Influenza A virus (IAV) is widely circulating in the swine population and causes significant economic losses. To combat IAV infection, the swine industry utilizes adjuvanted whole inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines, using a prime-boost strategy. These vaccines can provide sterilizing immunity toward homologous virus but often have limited efficacy against a heterologous infection. There is a need for vaccine platforms that induce mucosal and cell-mediated immunity that is cross-reactive to heterologous viruses and can be produced in a short time frame. Nonreplicating adenovirus 5 vector (Ad5) vaccines are one option, as they can be produced rapidly and given intranasally to induce local immunity. Thus, we compared the immunogenicity and efficacy of a single intranasal dose of an Ad5-vectored hemagglutinin (Ad5-HA) vaccine to those of a traditional intramuscular administration of WIV vaccine. Ad5-HA vaccination induced a mucosal IgA response toward homologous IAV and primed an antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) response against both challenge viruses. The Ad5-HA vaccine provided protective immunity to homologous challenge and partial protection against heterologous challenge, unlike the WIV vaccine. Nasal shedding was significantly reduced and virus was cleared from the lung by day 5 postinfection following heterologous challenge of Ad5-HA-vaccinated pigs. However, the WIV-vaccinated pigs displayed vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) following heterologous challenge, characterized by enhanced macroscopic lung lesions. This study demonstrates that a single intranasal vaccination with an Ad5-HA construct can provide complete protection from homologous challenge and partial protection from heterologous challenge, as opposed to VAERD, which can occur with adjuvanted WIV vaccines. C1 [Braucher, Douglas R.; Henningson, Jamie N.; Loving, Crystal L.; Vincent, Amy L.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Kim, Eun; Gambotto, Andrea A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Steitz, Julia] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Lab Anim Sci, Aachen, Germany. RP Loving, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM crystal.loving@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1722 EP 1729 DI 10.1128/CVI.00315-12 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 030IF UT WOS:000310563700003 PM 22933397 ER PT J AU Free, AL Duoss, HA Bergeron, LV Shields-Menard, SA Ward, E Callaway, TR Carroll, JA Schmidt, TB Donaldson, JR AF Free, Angela L. Duoss, Heather A. Bergeron, Leeanne V. Shields-Menard, Sara A. Ward, Emily Callaway, Todd R. Carroll, Jeffery A. Schmidt, Ty B. Donaldson, Janet R. TI Survival of O157:H7 and Non-O157 Serogroups of Escherichia coli in Bovine Rumen Fluid and Bile Salts SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; BEEF-CATTLE; O157-H7; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; SEROTYPE; EFFLUX; ACIDS AB While Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) reside asymptomatically within ruminants, particularly cattle, these strains pose a serious health risk to humans. Research related to STEC has historically focused upon O157:H7. However, with an increase in foodborne outbreaks of non-O157 origin and recent changes in testing for non-O157 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS), there is now a critical need to understand the biological activity of non-O157 serogroups. The focus of this study was to determine whether variations exist in the ability of different serotypes of STEC to survive within bovine rumen fluid medium and bile salts. The results of this study demonstrated through viable plate count analysis that the five serotypes tested (O157:H7, O111:H8, O103:K.:H8, O145:H28, and O26:H11) were capable of growing in rumen fluid medium. However, the concentrations of the serotypes O103:K.:H8 and O26:H11 after 24 h were significantly less (p < 0.05) than that observed for the other serotypes tested. A significant decrease (p = 0.03) in the survival of O103: K.: H8 in 50mg/mL of bovine bile salts in comparison to the other STEC strains tested was also observed. Collectively, these data suggest that non-O157 serogroups of E. coli respond differently to the environment of the bovine gastrointestinal tract. Further research is needed to elucidate how these differential physiological variations correlate with alterations in colonization success within ruminants and how they may impact human illnesses. C1 [Free, Angela L.; Shields-Menard, Sara A.; Ward, Emily; Donaldson, Janet R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Duoss, Heather A.; Bergeron, Leeanne V.; Schmidt, Ty B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Callaway, Todd R.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. [Carroll, Jeffery A.] ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Donaldson, JR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box GY, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM donaldson@biology.msstate.edu FU National Institutes of Health [T35RR007071]; MAFES Special Research Initiative FX We would like to thank Angela Payne and Tayler Wiggins for their assistance with this project. This research was funded by the National Institutes of Health (grant T35RR007071) and the MAFES Special Research Initiative. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1010 EP 1014 DI 10.1089/fpd.2012.1208 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 033YB UT WOS:000310836200007 PM 22957973 ER PT J AU Bernhard, BC Burdick, NC Rounds, W Rathmann, RJ Carroll, JA Finck, DN Jennings, MA Young, TR Johnson, BJ AF Bernhard, B. C. Burdick, N. C. Rounds, W. Rathmann, R. J. Carroll, J. A. Finck, D. N. Jennings, M. A. Young, T. R. Johnson, B. J. TI Chromium supplementation alters the performance and health of feedlot cattle during the receiving period and enhances their metabolic response to a lipopolysaccharide challenge SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chromium propionate; feedlot performance; glucose metabolism; lipid metabolism; lipopolysaccharide; receiving cattle ID STRESSED FEEDER CALVES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; WEANLING PIGS; DAIRY-COWS; CARBOHYDRATE; PICOLINATE; STEERS AB Crossbred steers (n = 180; 230 +/- 6 kg) were fed during a 56-d receiving period to determine if supplementing chromium (Cr; KemTRACE Chromium Propionate 0.04%, Kemin Industries) would improve feedlot performance and health of newly-received cattle. A completely randomized block design (36 pens; 9 pens/treatment; 5 steers/pen) was used. Chromium pre-mixes were supplemented to add 0 (Con), 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg/kg of Cr to the total diet on a DM basis. No differences were detected on d 0 or after the first 14 d on feed. From d 0 to d 28, DMI (P = 0.07) and ADG increased linearly (P = 0.04) as Cr concentrations increased. From d 0 to d 56, BW (P = 0.08) displayed a tendency to increase linearly, and consequently ADG and G: F increased linearly (P <= 0.05) as Cr concentrations increased. The number of steers treated at least once for respiratory symptoms tended (P = 0.07) to linearly decrease as Cr concentrations increased. Twenty additional steers (235 +/- 4 kg) were fed 56 d to determine if supplementing Cr (Con or 0.2 mg/kg Cr) would alter the metabolic response of newly-received cattle to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Cattle were fitted with jugular catheters on d 52. On d 55, blood samples were collected at 0.5-h intervals from -2 to 8 h, and again at 24 h relative to a LPS challenge (0.5 mu g/kg BW) at 0 h. Serum glucose, insulin, and NEFA concentrations were determined from blood samples. Steer BW was also measured at cannulation, and 24 h and 8 d post-LPS. Steer BW did not differ at cannulation (P = 0.37), but 24 h post-LPS, Cr-supplemented steers had lost less BW (P = 0.03). Pre-LPS glucose concentration did not differ (P = 0.97). Post-LPS, there was a time x treatment interaction (P < 0.01) such that glucose concentration peaked earlier (0.5 h) and at a greater concentrations in Cr-supplemented steers (P < 0.01). Insulin concentration did not differ between treatments pre- or post-LPS (P > 0.13). Concentration of NEFA did not differ pre-LPS (P = 0.54); but 0.5 h post-LPS Cr-treated steers produced a greater peak NEFA concentration (P < 0.04). Results of this study indicate that supplementation of Cr to the basal diet can have beneficial effects on the performance and health of newly-received steers. These data also suggest that supplementation of Cr attenuated BW loss and allowed for a quicker recovery after a LPS challenge. C1 [Bernhard, B. C.; Rathmann, R. J.; Finck, D. N.; Jennings, M. A.; Young, T. R.; Johnson, B. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Burdick, N. C.; Carroll, J. A.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Rounds, W.] Kemin Ind Inc, Des Moines, IA 50317 USA. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM bradley.johnson@ttu.edu FU Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines [IA 50317]; Gordon W. Davis Regent's Chair in Meat and Muscle Biology Endowment at Texas Tech University; USDA-ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, TX FX Supported in part by funding from Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA 50317; the Gordon W. Davis Regent's Chair in Meat and Muscle Biology Endowment at Texas Tech University, and the USDA-ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, TX. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 90 IS 11 BP 3879 EP 3888 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4981 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 036MN UT WOS:000311030500022 PM 22665638 ER PT J AU Hales, KE Cole, NA Varel, VH AF Hales, K. E. Cole, N. A. Varel, V. H. TI Effects of corn processing method and dietary inclusion of corn wet distillers grains with solubles on odor and gas production in cattle manure SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; distillers grains; manure; odor ID STEAM-FLAKED CORN; IN-VITRO FERMENTATION; FEEDLOT CATTLE; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; ROUGHAGE CONCENTRATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PERFORMANCE; ORIGIN; STEERS; COMPONENTS AB The growing ethanol industry in the Southern Great Plains has recently increased the use of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) in beef cattle finishing diets. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate odorous compound production in urine and feces of feedlot steers fed diets with different concentrations of WDGS and different grain processing methods. In both experiments, a Latin square design was used. In Exp. 1, a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used and the factors consisted of corn processing method [steam-flaked corn (SFC) or dry-rolled corn (DRC)] and inclusion of corn-based WDGS (0 or 30% on a DM basis). Thus, the 4 treatment combinations consisted of: 1) SFC-based diet with 0% WDGS (SFC-0); 2) SFC-based diet with 30% WDGS (SFC-30); 3) DRC-based diet with 0% WDGS (DRC-0); and 4) DRC-based diet with 30% WDGS (DRC-30). In Exp. 2, all diets were based on SFC and the 4 treatments consisted of: 1) 0% WDGS (SFC-0); 2) 15% WDGS (SFC-15); 3) 30% WDGS (SFC-30); and 4) 45% WDGS (SFC-45). In both experiments, diets were balanced for degradable intake protein and ether extract by the addition of cottonseed meal and fat. Fecal slurries were prepared from a 5-d composite of urine and feces collected from each treatment. The slurries were analyzed using a gas chromatograph for VFA, phenol, p-cresol, indole, skatole, hydrogen, methane (CH4), and total gas production. In Exp. 1, the DRC fecal slurries had greater initial total VFA concentration compared with the SFC-based slurries and accumulated a greater concentration of total gas throughout the incubation; however, the SFC-based manure resulted in more CH4 production. In Exp. 2, total VFA concentrations did not differ across all fecal slurries initially and on d 28; however, throughout the incubation, slurries with 0 and 15% WDGS had the greatest total VFA concentration. Overall, the presence of starch in the feces was likely the determining factor for the accumulation of odorous compounds in the fecal slurries initially, which was especially evident in diets including DRC, and once methanogenic microorganisms were established they likely converted VFA to CH4. C1 [Hales, K. E.; Varel, V. H.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Cole, N. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Hales, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Kristin.Hales@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 90 IS 11 BP 3988 EP 4000 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4679 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 036MN UT WOS:000311030500033 PM 22665652 ER PT J AU Ziemer, CJ Kerr, BJ Weber, TE Arcidiacono, S Morrison, M Ragauskas, A AF Ziemer, C. J. Kerr, B. J. Weber, T. E. Arcidiacono, S. Morrison, M. Ragauskas, A. TI Effects of feeding fiber-fermenting bacteria to pigs on nutrient digestion, fecal output, and plasma energy metabolites SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fecal output; fiber digestion; monogastric; nonruminant; pig ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACID; EXOGENOUS ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION; DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; POLYSACCHARIDE-DEGRADING ENZYMES; SOYBEAN MEAL DIET; EARLY-WEANED PIGS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; NITROGEN-EXCRETION AB Inclusion of feedstuffs with higher plant cell wall (fiber) content in swine diets has increased in recent years due to greater availability and lower cost, especially coproduct feeds, such as corn distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS). Limitations of feeding higher fiber diets include increased fecal output, which can exceed manure storage volumes, and decreased energy density, which can decrease growth performance; dietary treatments that ameliorate these limitations would benefit pork producers. Grower pigs (n = 48; 61.1 kg initial BW) were used to establish the effects of supplementation of fiber-fermenting bacteria in a 2 x 4 factorial, consisting of 2 diets (standard and high fiber) and 4 bacterial treatments (A, no bacteria; and B, C, and D bacterial supplements). Increased fiber came from inclusion of soybean hulls (10%) and corn DDGS (20%) in the diet. The 3 bacterial supplements (all Bacteroides strains) were isolated from fecal enrichment cultures and selected for their fiber-fermenting capacity. The high fiber diet increased fecal output, blood cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations, and digestibility of NDF, ADF, and S; CP digestibility decreased (P <= 0.10). The improved fiber digestibility and altered energy status of pigs fed the high fiber diet was primarily due to fermentation of soybean hulls, resulting in increased short-chain fatty acid production and absorption, and decreased dietary starch content. Overall, pigs fed the bacterial treatments had only increased blood cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.10). When individual bacterial treatments were compared, pigs fed Bacteria B had decreased fecal output (P = 0.10) and both blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations were increased (P = 0.10) compared with the other 3 treatments, indicating an improved energy status. Pigs fed Bacteria B increased both CP and ADF (P = 0.10), and tended (P = 0.16) to have increased NDF digestibilities compared with pigs fed no bacteria (Treatment A), whereas pigs fed the other 2 bacterial treatments did not differ from pigs fed Bacteria B for nutrient digestibility. Both had similar fecal outputs to pigs fed no bacteria. This is the first report of reduction in fecal output and increased fiber digestibility with pigs fed live bacteria. Successful application of this bacterial treatment could result in improved pig performance and decreased manure volumes, both of which would improve profitability of producers. C1 [Ziemer, C. J.; Kerr, B. J.; Weber, T. E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Arcidiacono, S.] Natick Solider Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Morrison, M.] CSIRO Livestock Ind, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Ragauskas, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ziemer, CJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cherie.ziemer@ars.usda.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX This work was supported by a grant from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, as part of the Intestinal Fortitude Program. A patent application for Bacterium B has been submitted (U.S. Patent Application 12/569,572, Inventors: C. Ziemer, S. Arcidiacono, A. Ragauskas, and M. Morrison). The authors thank T. Atherly, K. Franzen, J. Cook, and S. Steadham for sample analysis and other technical support, as well as E. Coate, T. Huenink, C. Olsen, and J. Johnson for care and feeding of the pigs. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 90 IS 11 BP 4020 EP 4027 DI 10.2527/jas.2012-5193 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 036MN UT WOS:000311030500036 PM 23148303 ER PT J AU Cappellozza, BI Cooke, RF Bohnert, DW Cherian, G Carroll, JA AF Cappellozza, B. I. Cooke, R. F. Bohnert, D. W. Cherian, G. Carroll, J. A. TI Effects of camelina meal supplementation on ruminal forage degradability, performance, and physiological responses of beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; camelina meal; inflammation; performance; thyroid gland; transport ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; PHASE PROTEIN RESPONSE; RAPESEED MEAL; ABOMASAL INFUSION; STEERS; CALVES; STRESS; PLASMA AB Three experiments compared ruminal, physiological, and performance responses of beef steers consuming hay ad libitum and receiving grain-based supplements without (control) or with (CAM) the inclusion of camelina meal. In Exp. 1, 9 steers fitted with ruminal cannulas received CAM (2.04 kg of DM/d; n = 5) or control (2.20 kg of DM/d; n = 4). Steers receiving CAM had reduced (P = 0.01) total DMI and tended to have reduced (P = 0.10) forage DMI compared with control. No treatment effects were detected (P >= 0.35) for ruminal hay degradability parameters. In Exp. 2, 14 steers fed CAM (1.52 kg of DM/d; n = 7) or control (1.65 kg of DM/d; n = 7) were assigned to a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 0.1 mu g/kg of BW) and a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; 0.33 mu g/kg of BW) challenge. Steers fed CAM had greater (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of PUFA compared with control before challenges. Upon CRH infusion, plasma haptoglobin concentrations tended (P = 0.10) to be reduced and ceruloplasmin concentrations increased at a lesser rate in CAM steers compared with control (treatment x time; P < 0.01). Upon TRH infusion, no treatment effects were detected (P >= 0.55) for serum thyrotropin-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine. In Exp. 3, 60 steers were allocated to 20 pens. Pens were assigned randomly to receive CAM (2.04 kg of DM/steer daily; n = 10) or control (2.20 kg of DM/steer daily; n = 10) during preconditioning (PC; d -28 to 0). On d 0, steers were transported for 24 h. Upon arrival, pens were assigned randomly to receive CAM or control during feedlot receiving (FR; d 1 to 29). During PC, CAM steers had reduced (P < 0.01) forage and total DMI, and tended to have reduced (P = 0.10) ADG compared with control. Plasma linolenic acid concentrations increased during PC for CAM steers, but not for control (treatment x day; P = 0.02). During FR, steers fed CAM during PC had reduced (P < 0.01) forage and total DMI, but tended (P = 0.10) to have greater G: F compared with control. Steers fed CAM during FR had greater (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of PUFA, and reduced rectal temperature and concentrations of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin during FR compared with control. In summary, CAM supplementation to steers impaired forage and total DMI, did not alter thyroid gland function, increased circulating concentrations of PUFA, and lessened the acute-phase protein reaction elicited by neuroendocrine stress responses. C1 [Cappellozza, B. I.; Cooke, R. F.; Bohnert, D. W.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Cherian, G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Carroll, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Cooke, RF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM reinaldo.cooke@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA-NIFA Oregon [ORE00079A]; Oregon Beef Council; Agricultural Research Foundation; USDA-ARS FX The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, including the Burns and Union Stations, is jointly funded by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA-ARS. Financial support for this research was provided by the USDA-NIFA Oregon (ORE00079A), the Oregon Beef Council, and the Agricultural Research Foundation. Appreciation is expressed to Cesar Trevisanuto, Flavia Cooke, Victor Tabacow, Natalie Quezada, Tony Runnels, and Arthur Nyman (Oregon State University, Burns) for their assistance during this study. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 90 IS 11 BP 4042 EP 4054 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4664 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 036MN UT WOS:000311030500039 PM 22585784 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, JN Lay, DC Marchant-Forde, RM McMunn, KA Richert, BT AF Marchant-Forde, J. N. Lay, D. C., Jr. Marchant-Forde, R. M. McMunn, K. A. Richert, B. T. TI The effects of R-salbutamol on growth, carcass measures, and health of finishing pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beta-agonist; growth; health; pig; salbutamol ID ADRENERGIC AGONIST SALBUTAMOL; PORK QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; MEAT QUALITY; RACTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; REPARTITIONING AGENT; CUTTING YIELDS; ORGAN WEIGHTS; FRESH PORK; PERFORMANCE; SWINE AB A pure form of salbutamol has the potential to deliver positive production benefits to the swine industry. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of salbutamol on growth, carcass measures, and health of finishing pigs. The study used 192 pigs (89 +/- 1 kg BW) housed in groups of 6 in 32 pens and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) control (CTL), 0 mg/kg salbutamol; 2) 2R, control diet with 2 mg/kg of the pure R-enantiomer of salbutamol; 3) 4R, control diet with 4 mg/kg of pure R-salbutamol; or 4) 8RS, control diet with 8 mg/kg of a 50:50 mixture of the R-and S-enantiomers. All diets were offered ad libitum for 4 wk. All pigs were weighed and pen feed intakes were recorded weekly. At slaughter, individual HCW and measurements of the 10th-rib loin muscle area (LMA), color, marbling, firmness, and back fat, last lumbar, and midline back fat depths were collected. Data were analyzed using Proc GLM of SAS, with pen as the experimental unit. Overall, 2R and 4R pigs had greater ADG than CTL pigs (P < 0.05) and, at slaughter, were heavier than CTL pigs (P < 0.01). Overall, 8RS pigs had decreased ADFI (P < 0.05), and CTL pigs had poorer G:F (P < 0.001) than the other 3 treatments. All salbutamol-fed pigs had 5 to 6 kg greater HCW (P < 0.001), 2% to 3% increased carcass yield (P < 0.001), 5.6 cm(2) larger LMA (P < 0.01), 3 to 4 mm less 10th-rib back fat (P < 0.01), and 2 mm less lumbar back fat (P < 0.05) than CTL pigs. However, control pigs had greater loin muscle color scores (P < 0.05) and marbling scores (P < 0.001) than all salbutamol-treated pigs. Taken together, these data indicate that as little as 2 mg/kg R-salbutamol has a positive effect on pig growth and carcass composition. However, the effects of salbutamol on meat quality require further research. C1 [Marchant-Forde, J. N.; Lay, D. C., Jr.; Marchant-Forde, R. M.; McMunn, K. A.] Purdue Univ, ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Richert, B. T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Marchant-Forde, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jeremy.marchant-forde@ars.usda.gov RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 FU Stirling Products Ltd., Perth, Australia FX This work was partly supported by Stirling Products Ltd., Perth, Australia. The authors thank J. Emilson, R. Byrd, and the other Swine Unit staff for technical assistance. We also thank G. Nowling, S. Peterson, K. Pohle, and L. Hasenour for help with data collection and analysis. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 90 IS 11 BP 4081 EP 4089 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4423 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 036MN UT WOS:000311030500043 PM 22859762 ER PT J AU Phillips, GE Lavelle, MJ Fischer, JW White, JJ Wells, SJ VerCauteren, KC AF Phillips, G. E. Lavelle, M. J. Fischer, J. W. White, J. J. Wells, S. J. VerCauteren, K. C. TI A novel bipolar electric fence for excluding white-tailed deer from stored livestock feed SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; depredation; electric fence; stored feed; white-tailed deer ID BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; DETERRING DEER; CATTLE; DAMAGE; TRANSMISSION; MICHIGAN AB Where cattle (Bos taurus) and free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) coexist, they frequently share space and resources, potentially resulting in damage to stores of livestock feed and risk of interspecies disease transmission. Preventing use of stored feed by deer can be an important objective in farm management, depending on amount of damage experienced and perceived risk of disease transmission. Woven wire fences (2.4 to 3.0 m high) are generally considered to be the most effective means for excluding deer. However, rapidly deployable temporary means of excluding deer could be useful, especially during late winter when deer are most physiologically stressed and motivated to consume feed meant for cattle. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate a novel 1.2-m-tall electric fence consisting of 4 strands of bipolar tape (not requiring separate ground wires or animal contact with ground) for excluding deer from artificially established feed piles during late winter 2008 in northwestern Minnesota. To induce deer to pause, investigate the fence, and receive negative stimuli before attempting to jump the fence, the bipolar tape was baited with a viscous fluid attractive to deer. The fence was estimated to be >80% effective at reducing deer presence at feed piles (10 treatment sites and 11 control sites) given the late winter to early spring conditions. Despite the efficacy, using the fence as a primary means of protecting stored feed from deer in areas with known disease transmission risk (e.g., presence of bovine tuberculosis) is not recommended because risk could remain unacceptably high if even low numbers of deer access stored feed. Yet, the fence could be effective as immediate protection of stored feed in winter before a more permanent and effective deterrence strategy, such as woven-wire fencing, could be installed during the subsequent summer. The fence would also be effective for reducing deer depredation of stored feed, as well as gardens, small orchards, or other localized or seasonal resources. C1 [Phillips, G. E.; Lavelle, M. J.; Fischer, J. W.; White, J. J.; VerCauteren, K. C.] APHIS, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Wells, S. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wells, S. J.] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Anim Hlth & Food Safety, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Kurt.C.VerCauteren@aphis.usda.gov FU Minnesota Rapid Agricultural Response Fund FX The authors thank B. Knust, A. Paul, T. Ruby, P. Wolf, Minnesota Board of Animal Health, Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, and Minnesota DNR for assistance during the study. We also thank the many private landowners who graciously provided access to property. We thank M. Carstensen, S. Shriner, and M. West for comments on drafts of the manuscript. This study was supported in part by the 2008 Minnesota Rapid Agricultural Response Fund. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 90 IS 11 BP 4090 EP 4097 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4619 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 036MN UT WOS:000311030500044 PM 22859758 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Oliver, CE Taylor, JB Anderson, RC AF Smith, D. J. Oliver, C. E. Taylor, J. B. Anderson, R. C. TI INVITED REVIEW: Efficacy, metabolism, and toxic responses to chlorate salts in food and laboratory animals SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE chlorate salts; Escherichia coli O157:H7; pharmacokinetics; pharmacology; Salmonella; toxicology ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; TOTAL RADIOACTIVE RESIDUES; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; ORAL SODIUM-CHLORATE; DRINKING-WATER; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; BEEF-CATTLE; KCLO3 APPLICATIONS; REDUCE SALMONELLA; CHLORINE DIOXIDE AB For over 100 yr, scientists have explored uses of sodium chlorate in agricultural applications. Sodium chlorate is a strong oxidizer, and thus can be very hazardous when not handled accordingly. Nevertheless, late 19th century agriculturists and scientists attempted to exploit the chemical properties of sodium chlorate as an herbicide and food preservative. It is the herbicidal utility that led to subsequent use of sodium chlorate in the agricultural industry since then. However, in 2000, USDA-ARS scientists proposed a new and targeted use of sodium chlorate against enterobacteria in food animal production. Specifically, when orally dosed in to cattle (Bos taurus), swine (Sus scrofa), broilers (Gallus gallus), turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), and sheep (Ovis aries), chlorate reduced the fecal shedding of common enteropathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Subsequent to this discovery, the efficacy of chlorate salts has been demonstrated in numerous production classes within species. Doses of sodium chlorate as low as 30 mg/kg BW, but typically 50 to 150 mg/kg BW, have been used to demonstrate efficacy against pathogens. Single or short-duration (< 3 d) exposures to oral chlorate at concentrations < 150 mg/kg BW have not produced acute toxicity or clinical signs (labored breathing, methemoglobinemia) in food animals. In all species studied to date, the major biotransformation product of chlorate is chloride ion; chlorite is not present in tissues or excreta of chlorate dosed animals. Chlorate is rapidly eliminated in ruminants and nonruminants, primarily in urine; likewise, residual chlorate in tissues depletes rapidly. Application of any new chemical entity to food animal production carries with it a responsibility to understand adverse reactions that intended and nonintended exposures may have in target and (or) nontarget animals and an understanding of the pathways of elimination that occur after exposure. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the published data regarding the efficacy, metabolism, and toxicology of chlorate salts in target (livestock) and nontarget species. C1 [Smith, D. J.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Oliver, C. E.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Taylor, J. B.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Anderson, R. C.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM david.j.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 92 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 90 IS 11 BP 4098 EP 4117 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4997 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 036MN UT WOS:000311030500045 PM 22859768 ER PT J AU Shackelford, SD Leymaster, KA Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Shackelford, S. D. Leymaster, K. A. Wheeler, T. L. Koohmaraie, M. TI Effects of breed of sire on carcass composition and sensory traits of lamb SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeds; carcass; flavor; lamb; slice shear force; tenderness ID MEAT QUALITY TRAITS; LONGISSIMUS PALATABILITY TRAITS; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; SLAUGHTER WEIGHT; CATTLE; GROWTH; SHEEP; PERFORMANCE; TENDERNESS; DORSET AB This experiment was conducted to compare meat quality and carcass composition of a diverse sampling of sheep breeds. Finnsheep, Romanov, Dorper, White Dorper, Katahdin, Rambouillet, Suffolk, Texel, Dorset, and Composite (1/2 Columbia rams to 1/4 Hampshire x 1/4 Suffolk) rams were mated to mature Composite ewes. Lambs (n = 804) were reared intensively, grain finished, and serially harvested over a 63-d period. Average harvest age was 216 d and average HCW was 30.7 kg. At a common harvest age, progeny of Suffolk sires were heavier than progeny of all other breeds (P < 0.05) and their carcasses were heavier (P < 0.05) than progeny of all other breeds, except White Dorper and Dorper. Progeny of Finnsheep and Romanov sires had lighter (P < 0.05) carcasses than progeny of all other breeds. Progeny of Texel, Suffolk, White Dorper, and Dorper sires had larger (P < 0.05) LM area than all other breeds. Progeny of Finnsheep and Romanov sires had smaller (P < 0.05) LM area than all other breeds. Fat thickness at the 12th rib was greater (P < 0.05) for progeny of Dorper sires than those of all other breeds, except White Dorper and Katahdin. Fat thickness at the 4th sacral vertebrae was greater (P < 0.05) for progeny of White Dorper and Dorper sires than those of all other breeds. On a carcass weight-constant basis, progeny of Suffolk sires had a lesser (P < 0.05) percentage of ether-extractable carcass fat than progeny of all other breeds, except Texel. Regardless of harvest endpoint (age-constant or HCW-constant), LM of progeny of Finnsheep and Romanov sires contained a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of intramuscular fat and received greater (P < 0.05) marbling scores than Rambouillet, Suffolk, Texel, Dorset, or Composite. Regardless of harvest endpoint, progeny of Finnsheep, Romanov, and Katahdin sires had smaller LM slice shear force values and greater trained sensory panel tenderness ratings at 7 d postmortem than did progeny of Composite, Suffolk, and Dorset sires (P < 0.05). At an age-constant basis, small differences (P < 0.05) were observed among breeds for lamb flavor intensity scores; however, when means were adjusted to a carcass weight-constant basis, breed of sire did not affect flavor intensity or off-flavor scores. These results document that each breed has relative strengths and weaknesses across traits, and that no single breed excels for all growth, carcass, and sensory traits. C1 [Shackelford, S. D.; Leymaster, K. A.; Wheeler, T. L.; Koohmaraie, M.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Shackelford, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM steven.shackelford@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 90 IS 11 BP 4131 EP 4139 DI 10.2527/jas2012-5219 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 036MN UT WOS:000311030500048 PM 22665668 ER PT J AU Cameron, A Frirdich, E Huynh, S Parker, CT Gaynor, EC AF Cameron, Andrew Frirdich, Emilisa Steven Huynh Parker, Craig T. Gaynor, Erin C. TI Hyperosmotic Stress Response of Campylobacter jejuni SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; CELL-DIVISION; IN-VIVO; BIOFILM FORMATION; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; OSMOTIC-STRESS; DRINKING-WATER; SALT STRESS; BACTERIA AB The diarrheal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni and other gastrointestinal bacteria encounter changes in osmolarity in the environment, through exposure to food processing, and upon entering host organisms, where osmotic adaptation can be associated with virulence. In this study, growth profiles, transcriptomics, and phenotypic, mutant, and single-cell analyses were used to explore the effects of hyperosmotic stress exposure on C. jejuni. Increased growth inhibition correlated with increased osmotic concentration, with both ionic and nonionic stressors inhibiting growth at 0.620 total osmol liter(-1). C. jejuni adaptation to a range of osmotic stressors and concentrations was accompanied by severe filamentation in subpopulations, with microscopy indicating septum formation and phenotypic diversity between individual cells in a filament. Population heterogeneity was also exemplified by the bifurcation of colony morphology into small and large variants on salt stress plates. Flow cytometry of C. jejuni harboring green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the ATP synthase promoter likewise revealed bimodal subpopulations under hyperosmotic stress. We also identified frequent hyperosmotic stress-sensitive variants within the clonal wild-type population propagated on standard laboratory medium. Microarray analysis following hyperosmotic upshift revealed enhanced expression of heat shock genes and genes encoding enzymes for synthesis of potential osmoprotectants and cross-protective induction of oxidative stress genes. The capsule export gene kpsM was also upregulated, and an acapsular mutant was defective for growth under hyperosmotic stress. For C. jejuni, an organism lacking most conventional osmotic response factors, these data suggest an unusual hyperosmotic stress response, including likely "bet-hedging" survival strategies relying on the presence of stress-fit individuals in a heterogeneous population. C1 [Cameron, Andrew; Frirdich, Emilisa; Gaynor, Erin C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Life Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Steven Huynh; Parker, Craig T.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Gaynor, EC (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Life Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM egaynor@mail.ubc.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); CIHR; Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR); Canada Research Chair award; Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Development Award in the Biomedical Sciences; USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-047]; CIHR grant [MOP-68981]; Burroughs Wellcome Fund FX A.C. is supported by a CGS-M traineeship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), and E.F. is supported by postdoctoral fellowships from the CIHR and the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR). E.C.G. is supported by a Canada Research Chair award and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Development Award in the Biomedical Sciences. C.T.P is funded by USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5325-42000-047. This work was funded by CIHR grant MOP-68981 to E.C.G. and by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. NR 64 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 194 IS 22 BP 6116 EP 6130 DI 10.1128/JB.01409-12 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 030SB UT WOS:000310589300011 PM 22961853 ER PT J AU Ao, ZH Quezada-Calvillo, R Nichols, BL Rose, DR Sterchi, EE Hamaker, BR AF Ao, Zihua Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto Nichols, Buford L., Jr. Rose, David R. Sterchi, Erwin E. Hamaker, Bruce R. TI The Nature of Raw Starch Digestion SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL MALTASE-GLUCOAMYLASE C1 [Ao, Zihua; Hamaker, Bruce R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto; Nichols, Buford L., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto; Nichols, Buford L., Jr.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rose, David R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Sterchi, Erwin E.] Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, Bern, Switzerland. RP Ao, ZH (reprint author), Mead Johnson Nutr, Evansville, IN USA. EM zihua.ao@mjn.com NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 55 SU 2 BP S42 EP S43 DI 10.1097/01.mpg.0000421413.18623.f9 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 032ZS UT WOS:000310762600015 PM 23103655 ER PT J AU Lee, BH Quezada-Calvillo, R Nichols, BL Rose, DR Hamaker, BR AF Lee, Byung-Hoo Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto Nichols, Buford L., Jr. Rose, David R. Hamaker, Bruce R. TI Inhibition of Maltase-Glucoamylase Activity to Hydrolyze alpha-1,4 Linkages by the Presence of Undigested Sucrose SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; SPECIFICITY; SUBUNIT C1 [Lee, Byung-Hoo; Hamaker, Bruce R.] Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto; Nichols, Buford L., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto; Nichols, Buford L., Jr.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rose, David R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Hamaker, BR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, Dept Food Sci, Smith Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hamakerb@purdue.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 55 SU 2 BP S45 EP S47 DI 10.1097/01.mpg.0000421415.95751.f7 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 032ZS UT WOS:000310762600017 PM 23103657 ER PT J AU Lin, AHM Hamaker, BR Nichols, BL AF Lin, Amy Hui-Mei Hamaker, Bruce R. Nichols, Buford L., Jr. TI Direct Starch Digestion by Sucrase-Isomaltase and Maltase-Glucoamylase SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HEREDITARY DISACCHARIDE INTOLERANCE; HUMAN INTESTINAL DISACCHARIDASES; SUBSTRATE BRAKE; ALPHA-AMYLASE; HYDROLYSIS; ENZYME C1 [Lin, Amy Hui-Mei; Hamaker, Bruce R.] Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nichols, Buford L., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Nichols, Buford L., Jr.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lin, AHM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, Dept Food Sci, 745 Agr Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM amylin@purdue.edu FU Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research at Purdue University FX The study was supported by the Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research at Purdue University. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 55 SU 2 BP S43 EP S45 DI 10.1097/01.mpg.0000421414.95751.be PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 032ZS UT WOS:000310762600016 PM 23103656 ER PT J AU McMeans, AR AF McMeans, Ann R. TI Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency: Diet Assessment and Education Guidelines SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Texas Childrens Hosp,Clin Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP McMeans, AR (reprint author), USDA, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Texas Childrens Hosp,Clin Res Ctr, 6621 Fannin WT 10150, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM amcmeans@bcm.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 55 SU 2 BP S37 EP S39 DI 10.1097/01.mpg.0000421410.72880.ae PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 032ZS UT WOS:000310762600012 PM 23103652 ER PT J AU Guo, QF AF Guo, Qinfeng TI Incorporating latitudinal and central-marginal trends in assessing genetic variation across species ranges SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-, ss- and gamma-diversity; climate change; genetic diversity; history; novelty; phylogeography; range geometry and orientation; species invasion ID GLACIAL REFUGIA; POPULATION-SIZE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; DIFFERENTIATION; DYNAMICS; NUCLEAR; MARKERS; EDGE AB The genetic variation across a species range is an important factor in speciation and conservation, yet searching for general patterns and underlying causes remains challenging. While the majority of comparisons between central and marginal populations have revealed a general centralmarginal (CM) decline in genetic diversity, others show no clear pattern. Similarly, most latitudinal studies (although much fewer, especially those conducted rangewide) also showed latitudinal trends in genetic variation. To date, the CM and latitudinal patterns have often been examined independently and have rarely been considered together when accounting for the observed genetic variation across species ranges. Here, in the light of the most recent findings, I show how latitude might be responsible for some of the deviations from the general CM trends in genetic diversity, and vice versa. In the future, integrating latitude and range geometry with climate-induced species migration would offer important insights into conservation prioritization across species ranges. C1 USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM qguo@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 21 IS 22 BP 5396 EP 5403 DI 10.1111/mec.12012 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 030PY UT WOS:000310583800004 PM 23051180 ER PT J AU Cho, SH Bowker, JM Roberts, RK Kim, SG Lambert, DM Poudyal, NC AF Cho, Seong-Hoon Bowker, J. M. Roberts, Roland K. Kim, Seung Gyu Lambert, Dayton M. Poudyal, Neelam C. TI EFFECT OF FORESTLAND AVAILABILITY BY OWNERSHIP TYPE ON LICENSE SALES FOR HUNTING: A SPATIAL APPROACH SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Hunting demand; hunting license sales; private forest; public forest; Southeastern United States; spatial interaction ID DEMAND; MODELS; PARTICIPATION; CONSERVATION; RECREATION; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; REVENUE; INPUT AB The effect of forestland availability under different ownership types on license sales for hunting in nine Southeastern states is empirically evaluated. An equation that represents license sales for hunting is estimated assuming the sale of hunting licenses in a particular county is related to the characteristics of that county as well as the characteristics and license sales for hunting in its neighboring counties. The positive effects of the amounts of both national and private forestland on license sales reaffirm the potential benefits of maintaining forestland to stimulate hunting. The positive spillover effect of national forests on license sales for hunting suggests that availability and close access to hunting in national forests within neighboring counties are important in supporting hunting license sales in a county. This study contributes to the general understanding of the drivers affecting individuals decisions to use natural resources for hunting. Advances in natural resource modeling, specifically the spatial process model and geospatial data used in this research, make it possible to examine the interactions between the spatial dynamics and ownership attributes of the natural system, allowing policy makers to design natural resource management practices that respond to a system characterized by these interactions. C1 [Cho, Seong-Hoon; Roberts, Roland K.; Kim, Seung Gyu; Lambert, Dayton M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bowker, J. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Poudyal, Neelam C.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cho, SH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 2621 Morgan Circle,314-D Morgan Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM scho9@utk.edu; mbowker@fs.fed.us; rrobert3@utk.edu; sgkim@utk.edu; dmlambert@tennessee.edu; npoudyal@warnell.uga.edu RI Lambert, Dayton/A-8401-2009 NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0890-8575 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 25 IS 4 BP 549 EP 573 DI 10.1111/j.1939-7445.2011.00112.x PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 030VU UT WOS:000310599000001 ER PT J AU Bernardi, J Lanubile, A Li, QB Kumar, D Kladnik, A Cook, SD Ross, JJ Marocco, A Chourey, PS AF Bernardi, Jamila Lanubile, Alessandra Li, Qin-Bao Kumar, Dibyendu Kladnik, Ales Cook, Sam D. Ross, John J. Marocco, Adriano Chourey, Prem S. TI Impaired Auxin Biosynthesis in the defective endosperm18 Mutant Is Due to Mutational Loss of Expression in the ZmYuc1 Gene Encoding Endosperm-Specific YUCCA1 Protein in Maize SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; FLAVIN MONOOXYGENASES; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEED DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS; TRYPTOPHAN; PLANTS; ACID; SIZE; IAA AB The phytohormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA]) plays a fundamental role in vegetative and reproductive plant development. Here, we characterized a seed-specific viable maize (Zea mays) mutant, defective endosperm18 (de18) that is impaired in IAA biosynthesis. de18 endosperm showed large reductions of free IAA levels and is known to have approximately 40% less dry mass, compared with De18. Cellular analyses showed lower total cell number, smaller cell volume, and reduced level of endoreduplication in the mutant endosperm. Gene expression analyses of seed-specific tryptophan-dependent IAA pathway genes, maize Yucca1 (ZmYuc1), and two tryptophan-aminotransferase co-orthologs were performed to understand the molecular basis of the IAA deficiency in the mutant. Temporally, all three genes showed high expression coincident with high IAA levels; however, only ZmYuc1 correlated with the reduced IAA levels in the mutant throughout endosperm development. Furthermore, sequence analyses of ZmYuc1 complementary DNA and genomic clones revealed many changes specific to the mutant, including a 2-bp insertion that generated a premature stop codon and a truncated YUC1 protein of 212 amino acids, compared with the 400 amino acids in the De18. The putative, approximately 1.5-kb, Yuc1 promoter region also showed many rearrangements, including a 151-bp deletion in the mutant. Our concurrent high-density mapping and annotation studies of chromosome 10, contig 395, showed that the De18 locus was tightly linked to the gene ZmYuc1. Collectively, the data suggest that the molecular changes in the ZmYuc1 gene encoding the YUC1 protein are the causal basis of impairment in a critical step in IAA biosynthesis, essential for normal endosperm development in maize. C1 [Li, Qin-Bao; Chourey, Prem S.] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Bernardi, Jamila; Lanubile, Alessandra; Marocco, Adriano] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Agron Genet & Crop Sci, I-29122 Piacenza, Italy. [Kumar, Dibyendu] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chourey, Prem S.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chourey, Prem S.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kladnik, Ales] Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Biol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Cook, Sam D.; Ross, John J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Plant Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Chourey, PS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM prem.chourey@ars.usda.gov RI Kladnik, Ales/B-6045-2008; OI Kladnik, Ales/0000-0002-3466-0088; Lanubile, Alessandra/0000-0002-1868-4469; MAROCCO, Adriano/0000-0001-5378-5591; Bernardi, Jamila/0000-0002-5158-3459 FU PhD School Agrisystem of the Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy; Ministry for Education and University, Italy [FIRB RBFR08UG7J] FX This work was supported by a fellowship of the PhD School Agrisystem of the Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy (to A. L.) and the Ministry for Education and University, Italy (grant no. FIRB RBFR08UG7J to J.B.). This is a cooperative investigation of the U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and the Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 160 IS 3 BP 1318 EP 1328 DI 10.1104/pp.112.204743 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 030QC UT WOS:000310584200014 PM 22961134 ER PT J AU Schmelz, EA Huffaker, A Carroll, MJ Alborn, HT Ali, JG Teal, PEA AF Schmelz, Eric A. Huffaker, Alisa Carroll, Mark J. Alborn, Hans T. Ali, Jared G. Teal, Peter E. A. TI An Amino Acid Substitution Inhibits Specialist Herbivore Production of an Antagonist Effector and Recovers Insect-Induced Plant Defenses SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE GENE MI; VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR; ANTICARSIA-GEMMATALIS; NATURAL ENEMIES; ATP SYNTHASE; ELICITORS; FLAGELLIN; RESPONSES; ARABIDOPSIS; PERCEPTION AB Plants respond to insect herbivory through the production of biochemicals that function as either direct defenses or indirect defenses via the attraction of natural enemies. While attack by closely related insect pests can result in distinctive levels of induced plant defenses, precise biochemical mechanisms responsible for differing responses remain largely unknown. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) responds to Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) herbivory through the detection of fragments of chloroplastic ATP synthase gamma-subunit proteins, termed inceptin-related peptides, present in larval oral secretions (OS). In contrast to generalists like Fall armyworm, OS of the legume-specializing velvetbean caterpillar (VBC; Anticarsia gemmatalis) do not elicit ethylene production and demonstrate significantly lower induced volatile emission in direct herbivory comparisons. Unlike all other Lepidoptera OS examined, which preferentially contain inceptin (Vu-In; (+)ICDINGVCVDA(-)), VBC OS contain predominantly a C-terminal truncated peptide, Vu-In-A ((+)ICDINGVCVD(-)). Vu-In-A is both inactive and functions as a potent naturally occurring antagonist of Vu-In-induced responses. To block antagonist production, amino acid substitutions at the C terminus were screened for differences in VBC gut proteolysis. A valine-substituted peptide (Vu-In-Delta V; (+)ICDINGVCVDV(-)) retaining full elicitor activity was found to accumulate in VBC OS. Compared with the native polypeptide, VBC that previously ingested 500 pmol of the valine-modified chloroplastic ATP synthase gamma-subunit precursor elicited significantly stronger plant responses in herbivory assays. We demonstrate that a specialist herbivore minimizes the activation of defenses by converting an elicitor into an antagonist effector and identify an amino acid substitution that recovers these induced plant defenses to a level observed with generalist herbivores. C1 [Schmelz, Eric A.; Huffaker, Alisa; Carroll, Mark J.; Alborn, Hans T.; Teal, Peter E. A.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Ali, Jared G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM eric.schmelz@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [6615-22430-002-00D] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (Current Research Information System project no. 6615-22430-002-00D). NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 160 IS 3 BP 1468 EP 1478 DI 10.1104/pp.112.201061 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 030QC UT WOS:000310584200024 PM 23008466 ER PT J AU Gillette, NE Hansen, EM Mehmel, CJ Mori, SR Webster, JN Erbilgin, N Wood, DL AF Gillette, Nancy E. Hansen, E. Matthew Mehmel, Constance J. Mori, Sylvia R. Webster, Jeffrey N. Erbilgin, Nadir Wood, David L. TI Area-wide application of verbenone-releasing flakes reduces mortality of whitebark pine Pinus albicaulis caused by the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aerial application; anti-aggregation pheromones; bark beetles; behavioural chemicals; Coleoptera; pheromones; Scolytinae; semiochemicals ID LODGEPOLE PINE; BARK BEETLES; BEHAVIORAL CHEMICALS; NONHOST VOLATILES; ANTI-ATTRACTANT; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; ATTACK; PROTECTION; WESTERN AB 1 DISRUPT Micro-Flake Verbenone Bark Beetle Anti-Aggregant flakes (Hercon Environmental, Inc., Emigsville, Pennsylvania) were applied in two large-scale tests to assess their efficacy for protecting whitebark pine Pinus albicaulis Engelm. from attack by mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) (MPB). At two locations, five plots of equivalent size and stand structure served as untreated controls. All plots had early- to mid-outbreak beetle populations (i.e. 7.129.2 attacked trees/ha). Verbenone was applied at 370 g/ha in both studies. Intercept traps baited with MPB aggregation pheromone were placed near the corners of each plot after the treatment in order to monitor beetle flight within the plots. Trap catches were collected at 7- to 14-day intervals, and assessments were made at the end of the season of stand structure, stand composition and MPB attack rate for the current and previous years. 2 Applications of verbenone flakes significantly reduced the numbers of beetles trapped in treated plots compared with controls at both sites by approximately 50% at the first collection date. 3 The applications also significantly reduced the proportion of trees attacked in both Wyoming and Washington using the proportion of trees attacked the previous year as a covariate in the model for analysis of current year attack rates; in both sites, the reduction was = 50%. 4 The flake formulation of verbenone appears to have promise for area-wide treatment by aerial application when aiming to control the mountain pine beetle in whitebark pine forests. C1 [Gillette, Nancy E.; Mori, Sylvia R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Hansen, E. Matthew] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Mehmel, Constance J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Webster, Jeffrey N.] Webster Forestry Consulting, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Erbilgin, Nadir] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Wood, David L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gillette, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ngillette@fs.fed.us RI Erbilgin, Nadir/F-3675-2014 OI Erbilgin, Nadir/0000-0001-9912-8095 FU Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program; USDA Forest Service FX These studies were funded by grants from the Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program, administered by USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection. We thank John D. Stein (retired, USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV) for helpful advice; the Bridger-Teton, Shoshone, and Wenatchee National Forests for access to plots; Darci Carlson, Roy Magelssen, Amanda St Ivany, Jamie Dinkins, Coleman Worthen and Calah Seese for assistance in the field; and Kristina Bischel for identifying and tallying insects in the Wood Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley. Dan Miller (USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA) and Brice McPherson (University of California, Berkeley, CA) provided helpful reviews. The use of trade names and identification of firms or corporations does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Forest Service. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 14 IS 4 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2012.00577.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 021XD UT WOS:000309917900005 ER PT J AU Davis, GA Salom, SM Brewster, CC Onken, BP Kok, LT AF Davis, Gina A. Salom, Scott M. Brewster, Carlyle C. Onken, Bradley P. Kok, Loke T. TI Spatiotemporal distribution of the hemlock woolly adelgid predator Laricobius nigrinus after release in eastern hemlock forests SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adelges tsugae; biological control; dispersal; distribution; Laricobius nigrinus ID COLEOPTERA DERODONTIDAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TSUGAE HOMOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; IN-FIELD; DISPERSAL; ESTABLISHMENT; HEMIPTERA AB 1 Post-release distributions of Laricobius nigrinus, a biological control predator of hemlock woolly adelgid Adelges tsugae Annand, were evaluated at eight hemlock forests in the eastern U.S.A. 2 Vertical dispersal of F1 and F2L. nigrinus were assessed from within three crown strata (<7, 715 and >15 m) at four release sites. 3 Horizontal distributions of L. nigrinus within the forest surrounding central release areas were observed in two separate studies, which included (i) release and monitor to capture parent and F1 movement by sampling the immature life stages of the offspring, and (ii) assessment of F3 to F6 generations where beetles were previously determined to be established. 4 Laricobius nigrinus, released on lower crown branches, oviposited within the upper crown stratum and were slow to disperse from release trees. Monitoring L. nigrinus only from the lower crown would likely underestimate its presence because 86% of the F2 generation were detected above 15 m. 5 By the fifth generation, the frequency distributions of larvae increased at increasing distance from release areas; larvae were recovered at a maximum distance of approximately 400 m and the spread rate was approximately 39 m/year. 6 Slow dispersal of L. nigrinus and uninterrupted recovery of six generations in the presence of fluctuating prey density support its continued release as part of the A. tsugae biological control programme. These data contribute toward improved release strategies and monitoring for this biological control agent. C1 [Davis, Gina A.; Salom, Scott M.; Brewster, Carlyle C.; Kok, Loke T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Onken, Bradley P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Davis, GA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, 216A Price Hall,MC 0319, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM gadavis@psis.umass.edu RI Kok, Loke/G-9922-2016 OI Kok, Loke/0000-0002-5734-3472 FU USDA Forest Service [06-CA-11244225-292] FX We thank Carrie Jubb for rearing L. nigrinus; Christine Cho, David Hamilton and David Mausel for field assistance; Lesley De Arras and David Hamilton for laboratory assistance; Zach Adelman, Nathan Havill, Brenna Traver and Chris Miller for guidance with molecular applications; and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Research was supported by USDA Forest Service Cooperative Agreement 06-CA-11244225-292. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-9555 EI 1461-9563 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 14 IS 4 BP 408 EP 418 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2012.00581.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 021XD UT WOS:000309917900010 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Ashby, RD Needleman, DS Lee, KT Solaiman, DKY AF Lee, Jeung Hee Ashby, Richard D. Needleman, David S. Lee, Ki-Teak Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of lipase genes from a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-synthesizing Pseudomonas resinovorans SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lipase; Lipase-specific foldase; Pseudomonas resinovorans; Rhodamine B; Transposon ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; EXTRACELLULAR LIPASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FATTY-ACIDS; EXPRESSION; AERUGINOSA; BIOSYNTHESIS; OLEOVORANS; PURIFICATION AB Lipase (lip) and lipase-specific foldase (lif) genes of a biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-synthesizing Pseudomonas resinovorans NRRL B-2649 were cloned using primers based on consensus sequences, followed by polymerase chain reaction-based genome walking. Sequence analyses showed a putative Lip gene product (314 amino acids, a.a.) with its catalytic active site (Ser(111), Asp(258), and His(280)) identified. The foldase lif gene that is located 55 bp downstream of lip codes for a putative Lif (345 a.a.). To verify the biological function of the cloned lip gene for lipase expression in P. resinovorans, we constructed a lip knock-out mutant (lip::Tn5 < KAN-2 >) by transposon insertion. Complementation of the lip knock-out P. resinovorans mutant with a lipase expression plasmid (pBS29-P2-lip) was performed, and its effect on lipase expression was investigated. The wild-type P. resinovorans and the lip::Tn5 < KAN-2 >[pBS29-P2-lip] recombinant (but not the lip::Tn5 < KAN-2 > mutant) showed fluorescence on rhodamine B plates indicative of lipase activity. The wild type exhibited extracellular lipase activity when grown on medium containing triacylglycerol substrates (tallow, olive oil, and tributyrin) as sole carbon sources, but the lip::Tn5 < KAN-2 > mutant did not show such activity. Lipase activity of various strains was also confirmed by TLC analysis of the composition of acylglycerols and free fatty acid in the extracts of the spent culture medium. We further found that tributyrin was more effective than olive oil in inducing lipase expression in P. resinovorans. C1 [Ashby, Richard D.; Needleman, David S.; Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Lee, Jeung Hee] Daegu Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Gyongsan 712714, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Lee, Ki-Teak] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Dan.Solaiman@ars.usda.gov FU OECD Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems FX This work was partially supported via a fellowship to JHL under the OECD Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems. The authors thank Nicole Crocker and Susan Lawlor for technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 96 IS 4 BP 993 EP 1005 DI 10.1007/s00253-012-4133-x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 025VB UT WOS:000310222300015 PM 22644524 ER PT J AU Marchand, PA Phan, TM Straus, DL Farmer, BD Stuber, A Meinelt, T AF Marchand, Pierre-Andre Thuy-My Phan Straus, David L. Farmer, Bradley D. Stueber, Angelika Meinelt, Thomas TI Reduction of in vitro growth in Flavobacterium columnare and Saprolegnia parasitica by products containing peracetic acid SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE peracetic acid; Flavobacterium columnare; Saprolegnia parasitica; inhibition ID ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS-MULTIFILIIS; MALACHITE GREEN; WASTE-WATER; DISINFECTION; PAA; TOXICITY; THERONTS; FISH AB Commercial products containing peracetic acid (PAA) are strong disinfectants with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and have been suggested as potential therapeutic agents in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro reduction of growth on two fish pathogens, Flavobacterium columnare and Saprolegnia parasitica, by seven commercial PAA-containing products. Flavobacterium columnare was exposed to 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg L-1 PAA and S. parasitica was exposed to 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg L-1 PAA in petri dishes for 24 h incubation. The reduction of growth was measured in comparison to a PAA-free control. A reduction of the growth was observed for both pathogens with increasing PAA concentration. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) possibly has a role in the effectiveness of the products, since products with lower PAA concentrations had a higher concentration of H2O2. The commercial products with a low concentration of PAA and a low PAA:H2O2-ratio were generally more effective against pathogens. The practical application of the products with low PAA concentration should be prioritized. C1 [Thuy-My Phan; Stueber, Angelika; Meinelt, Thomas] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Marchand, Pierre-Andre] Catholic Univ Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Straus, David L.; Farmer, Bradley D.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ct, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Meinelt, T (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Muggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. EM meinelt@igb-berlin.de NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1861 EP 1866 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02995.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 029FX UT WOS:000310481300011 ER PT J AU Phillips, RL Ngugi, MK Hendrickson, J Smith, A West, M AF Phillips, Rebecca L. Ngugi, Moffatt K. Hendrickson, John Smith, Aaron West, Mark TI Mixed-Grass Prairie Canopy Structure and Spectral Reflectance Vary with Topographic Position SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; ASTER; Remote sensing; Biomass; VOR; Canopy height ID MODIFIED ROBEL POLE; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; STANDING CROP; VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; VEGETATION INDEXES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SPECIES RICHNESS; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT AB Managers of the nearly 0.5 million ha of public lands in North and South Dakota, USA rely heavily on manual measurements of canopy height in autumn to ensure conservation of grassland structure for wildlife and forage for livestock. However, more comprehensive assessment of vegetation structure could be achieved for mixed-grass prairie by integrating field survey, topographic position (summit, mid and toeslope) and spectral reflectance data. Thus, we examined the variation of mixed-grass prairie structural attributes (canopy leaf area, standing crop mass, canopy height, nitrogen, and water content) and spectral vegetation indices (VIs) with variation in topographic position at the Grand River National Grassland (GRNG), South Dakota. We conducted the study on a 36,000-ha herbaceous area within the GRNG, where randomly selected plots (1 km(2) in size) were geolocated and included summit, mid and toeslope positions. We tested for effects of topographic position on measured vegetation attributes and VIs calculated from Landsat TM and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data collected in July 2010. Leaf area, standing crop mass, canopy height, nitrogen, and water content were lower at summits than at toeslopes. The simple ratio of Landsat Band 7/Band 1 (SR71) was the VI most highly correlated with canopy standing crop and height at plot and landscape scales. Results suggest field and remote sensing-based grassland assessment techniques could more comprehensively target low structure areas at minimal expense by layering modeled imagery over a landscape stratified into topographic position groups. C1 [Phillips, Rebecca L.; Ngugi, Moffatt K.; Hendrickson, John] ARS, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Smith, Aaron] Ducks Unltd, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [West, Mark] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1701 10th Ave Nw, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM rebecca.phillips@ars.usda.gov RI Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 FU USFS [5445-21310-001-07] FX This work would not have been possible without the gracious cooperation of GRNG Field Crew and Dakota Prairie Grasslands managers (Phil Sjursen, Dan Svingen, and staff at the Lemmon, SD field office). The authors heartily thank data collectors Justin Feld, Jonathan Rolfson, Sarah Waldron, Cari Ficken, Marla Striped-Face Collins, Mary Kay Tokach for their outstanding teamwork and attention to data quality. Special thanks to Cari Ficken, Duane Pool, Nick Saliendra, Brad Rundquist, and the anonymous reviewers for their comments. Support for this project was funded by the USFS Co-operative Agreement No. 5445-21310-001-07. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 914 EP 928 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9931-5 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021FG UT WOS:000309870100010 PM 22961614 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Hulse, CS Rice, CP AF Vyas, Nimish B. Hulse, Craig S. Rice, Clifford P. TI Chlorophacinone residues in mammalian prey at a black-tailed prairie dog colony SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anticoagulant; Rodenticide; Rozol; Secondary poisoning AB Black-tailed prairie dogs (BTPDs), Cynomys ludovicianus, are an important prey for raptors; therefore, the use of the rodenticide Rozol (0.005% chlorophacinone active ingredient) to control BTPDs raises concern for secondary poisonings resulting from the consumption of contaminated prey by raptors. In the present study, the authors observed Rozol exposure and adverse effects to mammalian prey on 11 of 12 search days of the study. Mammalian hepatic chlorophacinone residues ranged from 0.44 to 7.56 mu g/g. Poisoned prey availability was greater than previously reported. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 25132516. (C) 2012 SETAC C1 [Vyas, Nimish B.; Hulse, Craig S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Rice, Clifford P.] ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM nvyas@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2513 EP 2516 DI 10.1002/etc.1968 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 026LX UT WOS:000310281300010 PM 22865654 ER PT J AU Oppenheim, SJ Gould, F Hopper, KR AF Oppenheim, Sara J. Gould, Fred Hopper, Keith R. TI THE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF A COMPLEX ECOLOGICAL TRAIT: HOST PLANT USE IN THE SPECIALIST MOTH, HELIOTHIS SUBFLEXA SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Complex phenotypes; ecological genetics; ecologically adaptive traits; herbivore host range; plant-insect interactions ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; SALPICHROA-ORIGANIFOLIA; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; LABORATORY MICE; NUCLEAR GENE; NOCTUIDAE; LOCI; QTL; PHYLOGENETICS AB We used genetic mapping to examine the genetic architecture of differences in host plant use between two species of noctuid moths, Heliothis subflexa, a specialist on Physalis spp., and its close relative, the broad generalist H. virescens. We introgressed H. subflexa chromosomes into the H. virescens background and analyzed 1462 backcross insects. The effects of H. subflexa-origin chromosomes were small when measured as the percent variation explained in backcross populations (0.2-5%), but were larger when considered in relation to the interspecific difference explained (1.5-165%). Most significant chromosomes had effects on more than one trait, and their effects varied between years, sexes, and genetic backgrounds. Different chromosomes could produce similar phenotypes, suggesting that the same trait might be controlled by different chromosomes in different backcross populations. It appears that many loci of small effect contribute to the use of Physalis by H. subflexa. We hypothesize that behavioral changes may have paved the way for physiological adaptation to Physalis by the generalist ancestor of H. subflexa and H. virescens. C1 [Oppenheim, Sara J.; Gould, Fred] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hopper, Keith R.] USDA ARS BIIR, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Oppenheim, SJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM saraoppenheim@gmail.com OI Oppenheim, Sara/0000-0003-1109-3639 FU National Science Foundation [DEB9981671]; National Institutes of Health [GM068991]; Sigma Delta Epsilon Graduate Women in Science; W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University FX We thank M. Estock, J. L. Emerson, and M. Cortes-Cruz for developing primers and for their assistance in genotyping many insects, and are grateful to K. Lanier for help in rearing and maintaining them. We thank L. Delph, C. Peichl, and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, and appreciate the help of J. Mahar in navigating the submission process. SJO thanks G. Kennedy, T. Mackay, and C. Schal in the warmest possible terms for service beyond the call of duty as her Ph.D. committee members. Funding was provided by National Science Foundation grant DEB9981671 to FG, and by National Institutes of Health grant GM068991, an Eloise Gerry Fellowship from Sigma Delta Epsilon Graduate Women in Science, and a Professional Research Enhancement Award from the W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, to SJO. NR 78 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD NOV PY 2012 VL 66 IS 11 BP 3336 EP 3351 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01712.x PG 16 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 029EM UT WOS:000310477600003 PM 23106701 ER PT J AU Linn, CE Yee, WL Sim, SB Cha, DH Powell, THQ Goughnour, RB Feder, JL AF Linn, Charles E., Jr. Yee, Wee L. Sim, Sheina B. Cha, Dong H. Powell, Thomas H. Q. Goughnour, Robert B. Feder, Jeffrey L. TI BEHAVIORAL EVIDENCE FOR FRUIT ODOR DISCRIMINATION AND SYMPATRIC HOST RACES OF RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA FLIES IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Apple maggot fly; ecological speciation; flight tunnel; host plant volatiles; olfaction ID SPECIES DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE; APPLE MAGGOT FLY; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; WASHINGTON-STATE; FIELD-TEST; PLANT USE; SPECIATION; CRATAEGUS; VOLATILES AB The recent shift of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) from its native host downy hawthorn, Crataegus mollis, to introduced domesticated apple, Malus domestica, in the eastern United States is a model for sympatric host race formation. However, the fly is also present in the western United States, where it may have been introduced via infested apples within the last 60 years. In addition to apple, R. pomonella also infests two hawthorns in the West, one the native black hawthorn, C. douglasii, and the other the introduced English ornamental hawthorn, C. monogyna. Here, we test for behavioral evidence of host races in the western United States. through flight tunnel assays of western R. pomonella flies to host fruit volatile blends. We report that western apple, black hawthorn, and ornamental hawthorn flies showed significantly increased levels of upwind-directed flight to their respective natal compared to nonnatal fruit volatile blends, consistent with host race status. We discuss the implications of the behavioral results for the origin(s) of western R. pomonella, including the possibility that western apple flies were not introduced, but may represent a recent shift from local hawthorn fly populations. C1 [Linn, Charles E., Jr.; Cha, Dong H.] Cornell Univ, NYS Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Yee, Wee L.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Sim, Sheina B.; Powell, Thomas H. Q.; Feder, Jeffrey L.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Goughnour, Robert B.] Washington State Univ, Vancouver Res & Extens Unit, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. RP Linn, CE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, NYS Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, 630 W North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM feder.2@nd.edu RI Cha, Dong/A-3977-2013; Powell, Thomas /B-8575-2013 OI Powell, Thomas /0000-0002-4780-5215 FU NSF; USDA; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration FX We thank the Clark County Washington 78th St. Heritage Farm, the Washington State Univ. Research and Extension Unit, Vancouver, T. Arcella, S. Egan, T. Glen, G. Hood, M. Mattsson, M. Nash, T. Porter, K. Rogers, G. St. Jean, D. Stienbarger, S. Tracy, and B. Wolfley. We also thank C. Musto, K. Poole, and P. Fox for maintaining the flies received from Washington State and Notre Dame, and H. Reissig, D. Combs, and C. Smith for use of the Geneva, NY apple maggot colony. We also thank A. Zhang for the synthesis of (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. This work was supported in part by grants to JLF and CEL from NSF and USDA, and to WLY and CEL by the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission and Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD NOV PY 2012 VL 66 IS 11 BP 3632 EP 3641 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01719.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 029EM UT WOS:000310477600027 PM 23106724 ER PT J AU Squires, RB Noronha, J Hunt, V Garcia-Sastre, A Macken, C Baumgarth, N Suarez, D Pickett, BE Zhang, Y Larsen, CN Ramsey, A Zhou, LW Zaremba, S Kumar, S Deitrich, J Klem, E Scheuermann, RH AF Squires, R. Burke Noronha, Jyothi Hunt, Victoria Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Macken, Catherine Baumgarth, Nicole Suarez, David Pickett, Brett E. Zhang, Yun Larsen, Christopher N. Ramsey, Alvin Zhou, Liwei Zaremba, Sam Kumar, Sanjeev Deitrich, Jon Klem, Edward Scheuermann, Richard H. TI Influenza Research Database: an integrated bioinformatics resource for influenza research and surveillance SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Bioinformatics; epitope; influenza virus; integrated; surveillance ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; A VIRUS; EPITOPE DATABASE; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; CELL EPITOPES; MORTALITY; ANTIBODY; INFORMATION; INFECTIONS AB Background The recent emergence of the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus has highlighted the value of free and open access to influenza virus genome sequence data integrated with information about other important virus characteristics. sign The Influenza Research Database (IRD, http://www.fludb.org) is a free, open, publicly-accessible resource funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases through the Bioinformatics Resource Centers program. IRD provides a comprehensive, integrated database and analysis resource for influenza sequence, surveillance, and research data, including user-friendly interfaces for data retrieval, visualization and comparative genomics analysis, together with personal log in-protected workbench spaces for saving data sets and analysis results. IRD integrates genomic, proteomic, immune epitope, and surveillance data from a variety of sources, including public databases, computational algorithms, external research groups, and the scientific literature. Results To demonstrate the utility of the data and analysis tools available in IRD, two scientific use cases are presented. A comparison of hemagglutinin sequence conservation and epitope coverage information revealed highly conserved protein regions that can be recognized by the human adaptive immune system as possible targets for inducing cross-protective immunity. Phylogenetic and geospatial analysis of sequences from wild bird surveillance samples revealed a possible evolutionary connection between influenza virus from Delaware Bay shorebirds and Alberta ducks. Conclusions The IRD provides a wealth of integrated data and information about influenza virus to support research of the genetic determinants dictating virus pathogenicity, host range restriction and transmission, and to facilitate development of vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics. C1 [Squires, R. Burke; Noronha, Jyothi; Hunt, Victoria; Pickett, Brett E.; Zhang, Yun; Scheuermann, Richard H.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Pathol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Global Hlth & Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY USA. [Macken, Catherine] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Baumgarth, Nicole] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Suarez, David] USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Larsen, Christopher N.; Ramsey, Alvin] Vecna Technol, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Zhou, Liwei; Zaremba, Sam; Kumar, Sanjeev; Deitrich, Jon; Klem, Edward] Hlth IT Syst, Northrop Grumman Informat Syst, Rockville, MD USA. [Scheuermann, Richard H.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Div Biomed Informat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Scheuermann, RH (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Pathol, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM richard.scheuermann@utsouthwestern.edu RI Squires, Richard/A-7163-2008; OI Squires, R Burke/0000-0001-9666-6285; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827; Scheuermann, Richard/0000-0003-1355-892X FU NIAID FX First and foremost, we would like to acknowledge the contribution of all providers of data to public database resources like GenBank and IRD. Without their efforts to generate the data and their willingness to make it freely available through public data repositories, the potential for the kind of comprehensive integrative data analysis illustrated here would not be possible. We have especially benefitted from collaborating with the NIAID-funded Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) who have been extremely helpful in developing data standards, identifying use cases, and sharing their data. We also acknowledge the generous support received from the NIAID - N01AI40041. NR 47 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD NOV PY 2012 VL 6 IS 6 BP 404 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00331.x PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 026IY UT WOS:000310270300021 PM 22260278 ER PT J AU Richardson, ML AF Richardson, M. L. TI Temperature influences the expression of resistance of soybean (Glycine max) to the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibiosis; Aphididae; Fabaceae; Hemiptera; isolate ID HESSIAN FLY DIPTERA; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; WHEAT; CECIDOMYIIDAE; SORGHUM; HEMIPTERA; DENSITY; STAGE AB Resistance of plants to arthropods may be lost at low or high temperatures. I tested whether the relative resistance of five genotypes of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., to three isolates of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, was influenced by three temperatures, 14, 21 and 28 degrees C, in no-choice tests in the laboratory. The interaction between temperature and the genotype of soybean influenced the population sizes of two isolates of A. glycines. Two genotypes of soybean, LD05-16611 and PI 567597C, which usually are resistant to isolate 1 and 3, became susceptible: LD05-16611 at the low temperature and PI 567597C at the high temperature. The genotypes PI 200538 and PI 567541B usually are susceptible to isolate 3 but were resistant at 21 and 28 degrees C. I can only speculate as to the reason why temperature influences resistance of some genotypes of soybean to A. glycines: A. glycines may be directly influenced by temperature or indirectly influenced by changes in the host plant. Nevertheless, my results suggest that temperature may be one factor that influences the expression of resistance of soybean to A. glycines, so genotypes of soybean should be screened for resistance to the aphid at multiple temperatures. C1 [Richardson, M. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL USA. RP Richardson, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Matthew.Richardson@ars.usda.gov FU United Soybean Board; North Central Region Integrated Pest Management Program FX I thank L. Crull, B. Goldberg, T. Herman, R. Mitacek, R. Vittal, L. Wen and H. Yang for technical assistance in the laboratory, C. Hill for help maintaining isolates, and P. Mitchell and an anonymous reviewer for constructively reviewing the manuscript. I also thank G. Hartman for use of laboratory equipment and funding. This research was supported by grants from the United Soybean Board and the North Central Region Integrated Pest Management Program (to G. Hartman). NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 136 IS 9 BP 641 EP 645 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01692.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 030EQ UT WOS:000310552700001 ER PT J AU Toth, M Csonka, E Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Zilkowski, BW AF Toth, M. Csonka, E. Bartelt, R. J. Cosse, A. A. Zilkowski, B. W. TI Similarities in pheromonal communication of flea beetles Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze and Ph. vittula Redtenbacher (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allyl isothiocyanate; 3-butenyl isothiocyanate; food attractant; pheromone; Phyllotreta cruciferae; Phyllotreta vittula ID CEUTORHYNCHUS-ASSIMILIS COLEOPTERA; COCKCHAFER MELOLONTHA-MELOLONTHA; SYNTHETIC AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; RAPE BRASSICA-NAPUS; ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; PLANT VOLATILES; MUSTARD OILS; GLUCOSINOLATE CONTENT; FOREST COCKCHAFER; CHEMICAL ECOLOGY AB Remarkable similarities have been found in the pheromonal communication of Phyllotreta vittula Redtenbacher and of Ph. cruciferae Goeze (European population) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). In previously published European field tests with Ph. cruciferae, only the major male-produced sesquiterpene identified from North American Ph. cruciferae [compound A, (6R,7S)-2,2,6,10-tetramethylbicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-1(11),9-diene] was behaviourally active; unexpectedly, the European species Ph. vittula also responded in these tests and in the same way. In the present study, both the European population of Ph. cruciferae and Ph. vittula were shown to produce the same blend of compounds found in North American Ph. cruciferae and in similar proportions. Compound A is concluded to be a pheromone component for Ph. vittula as well as for Ph. cruciferae. In previously published tests with host compounds, Ph. vittula preferred 3-butenyl isothiocyanate to allyl isothiocyante whereas the reverse was true for Ph. cruciferae. It was also learned earlier that compound A enhanced the response of both species toward allyl isothiocyanate. The present study further explored interactions between compound A and the two isothiocyanates. Thus, the highest catches of Ph. vittula were recorded in traps with the combination of racemic compound A with 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, while highest Ph. cruciferae catches (and of Ph. nigripes Fabr.) were observed in traps with the combination of compound A with allyl isothiocyanate. Therefore, with the optimal combination of pheromonal and host-derived stimuli, more specific communication channels may exist for the different Phyllotreta spp. Both Ph. cruciferae and Ph. vittula rank among the most important pest flea beetles in Europe. C1 [Toth, M.; Csonka, E.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Bartelt, R. J.; Cosse, A. A.; Zilkowski, B. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Util Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Toth, M (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Pf 102, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. EM h2371tot@ella.hu FU Hungarian Academy of Science [K 81494]; [OTKA T 043289] FX The present study was partially supported by grant OTKA T 043289 and K 81494 of the Hungarian Academy of Science. The authors are indebted to Dr. I. Ujvary (Budapest, Hungary) for the synthesis of 3-butenyl isohtiocyanate. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 136 IS 9 BP 688 EP 697 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01702.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 030EQ UT WOS:000310552700006 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JE Blomefield, T Vreysen, MJB AF Carpenter, J. E. Blomefield, T. Vreysen, M. J. B. TI A flight cylinder bioassay as a simple, effective quality control test for Cydia pomonella SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; flight ability; quality control; sterile insect technique ID LINNAEUS LEPIDOPTERA-TORTRICIDAE; CODLING MOTHS LEPIDOPTERA; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; GAMMA-RADIATION; REARING STRATEGY; MASS-PRODUCTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; MOBILITY; POPULATIONS; OLETHREUTIDAE AB Assessment of quality of the sterile male insects that are being mass-reared for release in area-wide integrated pest management programmes that include a sterile insect technique component is crucial for the success of these programmes. Routine monitoring of sterile male quality needs to be carried out both in the mass-rearing facility and in the field. Simple bioassays that can be conducted in the laboratory and that would be surrogates for laborious field tests would be a very cost-effective way of monitoring sterile male field performance. Simple flight cylinders were used to assess whether these could detect differences in quality of male codling moth Cydia pomonella. The number of male and female codling moths that flew out of the cylinders was influenced by cylinder diameter, cylinder height and number of hours following the initiation of the test. The flight cylinder bioassay was capable of detecting differences in quality of codling moths induced by irradiation when moths were shipped, but no differences were found in flight ability when the moths were not transported. The tests also confirmed that handling and shipment reduced quality more for irradiated than for non-treated codling moth, and that insect quality was significantly influenced by larval rearing protocols. The flight cylinder bioassay was therefore successful in detecting differences in codling moth quality induced by various treatments that had been identified previously by more complex laboratory bioassays and field trials. Treatment differences were most likely detected when flight cylinders were 16 cm high. C1 [Carpenter, J. E.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Blomefield, T.] Agr Res Council, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Vreysen, M. J. B.] IAEA, Joint FAO IAEA Programme, FAO IAEA Agr & Biotechnol Lab, Entomol Unit, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Carpenter, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM jim.carpenter@ars.usda.gov FU Deciduous Fruit Producers Trust; ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij; International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna FX We would like to thank ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij for providing laboratory and cold room facilities and Muriel Knipe and Niel DuPlessis for invaluable technical assistance. Thanks to the Deciduous Fruit Producers Trust, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij and the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, for providing funds to conduct the research. We also appreciate the cooperation of the Okanagan-Kootenay Sterile Insect Release Programme in Osoyoos, British Columbia, Canada, in conducting this research. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 136 IS 9 BP 711 EP 720 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2012.01711.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 030EQ UT WOS:000310552700009 ER PT J AU Meng, QX Jiang, HH Hanson, LE Hao, JJ AF Meng, Q. X. Jiang, H. H. Hanson, L. E. Hao, J. J. TI Characterizing a novel strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BAC03 for potential biological control application SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial activity; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; biological control; LCI protein; potato common scab; Streptomyces ID POTATO COMMON SCAB; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; PLANT-GROWTH; THAXTOMIN BIOSYNTHESIS; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; STREPTOMYCES-SCABIES; BIOCONTROL; SUBTILIS; DISEASES; PATHOGENS AB Aims To identify and characterize a bacterial strain BAC03, evaluate its biological control activity against potato common scab (Streptomyces spp.) and characterize an antimicrobial substance produced by BAC03. Methods and Results Bacterial strain BAC03, isolated from potato common scab suppressive soil, was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by analysing sequences of fragments of the recA, recN, cheA and gyrA genes. BAC03 displayed an antagonistic activity against Streptomyces spp. on agar plates using a co-culture method. In glasshouse assays, BAC03 applied in potting mix significantly reduced common scab severity (P<0.05) and potentially increased the growth of potato plants (P<0.05). An antimicrobial substance extracted from BAC03 by ammonium sulfate precipitation was identified as an LCI protein using liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of either a BAC03 liquid culture or the ammonium sulfate precipitate fraction was stable under a wide range of temperatures, and pH levels, as well as following incubation with several chemicals, but was reduced by all proteinases tested. Conclusions Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BAC03 displayed a strong antimicrobial activity, that is, the suppression of potato common scab, and may potentially enhance the plant growth. LCI protein is associated with some of the antimicrobial activity. Significance and Impact of the Study Bacterial strain BAC03 has the potential to be developed as a commercial biological control agent for potato common scab. C1 [Meng, Q. X.; Jiang, H. H.; Hanson, L. E.; Hao, J. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hanson, L. E.] ARS Res Plant Pathol, USDA, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Hao, JJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, 62 Plant Biol Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jjhao@msu.edu FU Project GREEEN of Michigan State University; USDA-NIFA-SCRI; Michigan Potato Industry Commission FX This project was partially supported by Project GREEEN of Michigan State University, USDA-NIFA-SCRI, and the Michigan Potato Industry Commission. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article are solely for the purpose of providing specific information and do not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture or Michigan State University. We acknowledge the Michigan State University Proteomics Facility Center for protein sequence analysis and data interpretation. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 113 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1175 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05420.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 026LW UT WOS:000310281100016 PM 22924833 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Muck, RE AF Coblentz, W. K. Muck, R. E. TI Effects of natural and simulated rainfall on indicators of ensilability and nutritive value for wilting alfalfa forages sampled before preservation as silage SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; nutritive value; rain damage; silage ID FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS; AEROBIC STABILITY; RED-CLOVER; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; LOSSES; QUALITY; YIELD; HAY; ORCHARDGRASS; PRODUCTS AB The frustrations of forage producers attempting to conserve high-quality alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage during periods of unstable or inclement weather are widely known. Our objectives for this series of studies were to (1) assess indicators of ensilability, such as pH, buffering capacity, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and starch for wilting alfalfa forages receiving no rainfall or damaged by simulated or natural rainfall events; (2) use these data as inputs to calculate the threshold moisture concentration that would prohibit a clostridially dominated fermentation; and (3) further evaluate the effects of rain damage or no rain damage on measures of forage nutritive value. Rainfall events were applied to wilting forages by both simulated and natural methods over multiple studies distributed across 4 independent forage harvests. Generally, simulated rainfall was applied to alfalfa under controlled conditions in which forages were relatively wet at the time of application, and subsequently were dried to final moisture endpoints under near ideal conditions within a constant temperature/humidity environmental chamber, thereby limiting postwetting wilting time to <= 21 h. As a result, indicators of ensilability, as well as measures of nutritive value, changed only marginally as a result of treatment. Consistently, reductions in concentrations of WSC and starch occurred, but changes in WSC were relatively modest, and postwetting concentrations of WSC may have been buoyed by hydrolysis of starch. When forages were subjected to natural rainfall events followed by prolonged exposure under field conditions, indicators of ensilability were much less desirable. In one study in which alfalfa received 49.3 mm of natural rainfall over a prolonged (8-d) field-exposure period, fresh pH increased from 6.48 to 7.43 within all forages exposed to these extended, moist wilting conditions. Furthermore, sharp reductions were observed in buffering capacity (410 vs. 337 mEq/kg of DM), WSC (6.13 vs. 2.90%), starch (2.28 vs. 0.45%), and clostridially dominated fermentation (62.7 vs. 59.4%). Based on these experiments, the potential for good fermentation is affected only minimally by single rainfall events applied to relatively wet forages, provided these events are followed by rapid dehydration; however, attaining acceptable silage fermentations with forages subjected to prolonged exposure under poor drying conditions is likely to be far more problematic. C1 [Coblentz, W. K.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Muck, R. E.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6635 EP 6653 DI 10.3168/jds.2012-5672 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 024KB UT WOS:000310107000050 PM 22939790 ER EF