FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Montville, JB Ahuja, JKC Martin, CL Heendeniya, KY Omolewa-Tomobi, G Steinfeldt, LC Anand, J Adler, ME LaComb, RP Moshfegh, A AF Montville, Janice B. Ahuja, Jaspreet K. C. Martin, Carrie L. Heendeniya, Kaushalya Y. Omolewa-Tomobi, Grace Steinfeldt, Lois C. Anand, Jaswinder Adler, Meghan E. LaComb, Randy P. Moshfegh, Alanna BE Stumbo, P McNutt, S TI USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), 5.0 SO 36TH NATIONAL NUTRIENT DATABANK CONFERENCE SE Procedia Food Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY MAR 25-28, 2012 CL Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX SP Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Hlth Living HO Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth DE Food and nutrient database; USDA survey database; Dietary studies; Food consumption surveys; Nutrient intake; Food intake; Food portion weights ID QUALITY AB The Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) is used to code and analyze dietary intakes for the What We Eat In America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (WWEIA, NHANES). To create FNDDS 5.0 for WWEIA, NHANES 2009-2010, data for over 7,200 foods were updated to incorporate changes in the marketplace and information reported by survey participants. The updates include nearly 100 new foods and extensive changes to food descriptions, portions, weights, and recipes. The USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 24 is the basis for the 65 nutrient values for each FNDDS food. FNDDS 5.0 is available at http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Montville, Janice B.; Ahuja, Jaspreet K. C.; Martin, Carrie L.; Heendeniya, Kaushalya Y.; Omolewa-Tomobi, Grace; Steinfeldt, Lois C.; Anand, Jaswinder; Adler, Meghan E.; LaComb, Randy P.; Moshfegh, Alanna] ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Montville, JB (reprint author), ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Rm 102,BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jan.montville@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-601X J9 PROC FOOD SCI PY 2013 VL 2 BP 99 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.profoo.2013.04.016 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BGQ00 UT WOS:000323754000014 ER PT S AU Steinfeldt, L Anand, J Murayi, T AF Steinfeldt, Lois Anand, Jaswinder Murayi, Theophile BE Stumbo, P McNutt, S TI Food reporting patterns in the USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method SO 36TH NATIONAL NUTRIENT DATABANK CONFERENCE SE Procedia Food Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY MAR 25-28, 2012 CL Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX SP Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Hlth Living HO Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth DE AMPM; dietary recall methodology; What We Eat In America; NHANES AB Complete and accurate 24-hour dietary recalls are essential for nutrition monitoring in the United States. The USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM) uses a five-step multiple-pass approach to collect dietary data. The first step is an unstructured, uninterrupted listing of all foods and beverages consumed. The next 3 steps use a structured approach to data collection including memory cues. The Final Probe step is an unstructured question for any other foods recalled and includes several additional memory cues. The objective of this analysis is to describe patterns of food reporting in the AMPM in a nationally representative sample. This analysis uses data from the 2007-2008 What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for males and females ages 12 and older. The step in the AMPM interview where a food is first recalled and reported is determined and assigned a value. These values are summed to create an AMPM reporting score which reflects the use of the five steps in AMPM in the 24-hour dietary intake recall. There are signficant differences in the AMPM reporting score by day of interview, gender, age and race/ethnicity. The patterns described in this analysis demonstrate the importance of the multiple-pass method in obtaining complete 24-hour dietary recalls. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Steinfeldt, Lois; Anand, Jaswinder; Murayi, Theophile] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Steinfeldt, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lois.steinfeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-601X J9 PROC FOOD SCI PY 2013 VL 2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.profoo.2013.04.022 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BGQ00 UT WOS:000323754000020 ER PT S AU Finley, JW Klurfeld, DM AF Finley, John W. Klurfeld, David M. BE Stumbo, P McNutt, S TI The USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) program in dietary surveillance and food composition: State of the program and future directions SO 36TH NATIONAL NUTRIENT DATABANK CONFERENCE SE Procedia Food Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY MAR 25-28, 2012 CL Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX SP Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Hlth Living HO Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth DE dietary surveillance; WWEIA-NHANES; National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference; USDA-ARS; DHHS; nutrient data; nutriton survey; nutrition; dietary supplements AB The USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) supplies nutritional surveillance data that are used by government and the private sector. Data are supplied by two programs; one program partners with the Department of Health and Human Services to conduct the What We Eat in America portion of the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (WWEIA-NHANES); the other program compiles analytical data concerning the composition of food and dietary supplements; it is most recognized for the National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR). Data supplied by these programs are essential for a variety of actions/tasks including regulatory and policy decisions within the U.S. government and scientific publications relating foods and health outcomes; additionally private industry uses the data for varied purposes including assessing demand for certain foods and generating nutrient panels on food labels. Participants at a workshop in Beltsville, MD commented on the state of the programs as well as potential future directions. Participants noted that although the programs are highly regarded by all that use their data, they are in need of changes. However many desired changes are constrained by limited resources. The primary challenge to adequate funding for the programs is maintaining visibility and demonstrating impact, problems that can be addressed in part by proper citations in research articles that use the data and by effective communication of the consequences of insufficient funding. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Finley, John W.; Klurfeld, David M.] ARS, USDA, Ofice Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ofice Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM JOHNFINLEY@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-601X J9 PROC FOOD SCI PY 2013 VL 2 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.profoo.2013.04.023 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BGQ00 UT WOS:000323754000021 ER PT S AU Ahuja, JKC Juan, WY Egan, K Buzby, J Trumbo, P Moshfegh, A Holden, J AF Ahuja, Jaspreet K. C. Juan, WenYen Egan, Katie Buzby, Jean Trumbo, Paula Moshfegh, Alanna Holden, Joanne BE Stumbo, P McNutt, S TI Federal monitoring activities related to food and nutrition: How do they compare? SO 36TH NATIONAL NUTRIENT DATABANK CONFERENCE SE Procedia Food Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY MAR 25-28, 2012 CL Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX SP Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Hlth Living HO Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth DE National nutrition monitoring; What We Eat in America; NHANES; Total Diet Study; Nutrient Availability; Food Availability ID DIETARY; NHANES AB Several nutrition monitoring related activities are carried out by the federal government in the United States. These include the What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (WWEIA, NHANES), the Total Diet Study (TDS), and the Nutrient Availability Data (NA). The intent, purpose, and methodology of the activities, and their inter-relationships were examined. Mean intakes of selected nutrients common to the datasets were compared. It is important to consider the purpose of these datasets when comparing results. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ahuja, Jaspreet K. C.; Moshfegh, Alanna; Holden, Joanne] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, MD, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ahuja, JKC (reprint author), ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, MD, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jaspreet.ahuja@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-601X J9 PROC FOOD SCI PY 2013 VL 2 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.profoo.2013.04.024 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BGQ00 UT WOS:000323754000022 ER PT S AU Britten, P AF Britten, Patricia BE Stumbo, P McNutt, S TI SuperTracker incorporates food composition data into innovative online consumer tool SO 36TH NATIONAL NUTRIENT DATABANK CONFERENCE SE Procedia Food Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY MAR 25-28, 2012 CL Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX SP Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Hlth Living HO Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth DE Dietary assessment tools; FNDDS; MPED AB The SuperTracker online dietary and physical activity assessment tool is a major outreach effort to encourage behavior change and help implement the 2010 Dietary Guidelines. It provides a user-friendly but powerful interface to help individuals enter food intake, compare it to nutrient goals and the USDA Food Patterns, and track intake over time. At its core, the SuperTracker relies on a food database adapted from ARS's Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) and MyPyramid Equivalents Database (MPED). Modifications and additions increase the database's convenience for users: Food names were simplified and, in some cases, additional names were assigned; portions and portion descriptions were modified; and MPED values were assigned for foods new to FNDDS 2007-08, to assure that these newer foods were included. SuperTracker is multifunctional, allowing for tiered levels of involvement by users, from looking up a single food to comprehensive dietary and physical activity assessment, goal setting, and planning over time. Features include creation of individualized "combos" and favorite foods, to simplify entry of items consumed often. It provides real-time interactive feedback to users, and offers multiple report options to meet varied user needs. The SuperTracker relies on data from FNDDS and MPED to provide accurate feedback, which enables users to take control of their dietary choices. Monitoring food intake can help individuals become more aware of and improve what they eat and drink. The SuperTracker can empower consumers to track their food intake and activity, in order to improve their health. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Britten, P (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM patricia.britten@cnpp.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-601X J9 PROC FOOD SCI PY 2013 VL 2 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.profoo.2013.04.025 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BGQ00 UT WOS:000323754000023 ER PT J AU Deng, F Chen, JM Pan, Y Peters, W Birdsey, R McCullough, K Xiao, J AF Deng, F. Chen, J. M. Pan, Y. Peters, W. Birdsey, R. McCullough, K. Xiao, J. TI The use of forest stand age information in an atmospheric CO2 inversion applied to North America SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL CARBON METABOLISM; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PONDEROSA PINE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DISTURBANCE HISTORY; SATELLITE IMAGERY; FLUX INVERSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRANSPORT AB Atmospheric inversions have become an important tool in quantifying carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks and sources at a variety of spatiotemporal scales, but associated large uncertainties restrain the inversion research community from reaching agreement on many important subjects. We enhanced an atmospheric inversion of the CO2 flux for North America by introducing spatially explicit information on forest stand age for US and Canada as an additional constraint, since forest carbon dynamics are closely related to time since disturbance. To use stand age information in the inversion, we converted stand age into an age factor, and included the covariances between subcontinental regions in the inversion based on the similarity of the age factors. Our inversion results show that, considering age factors, regions with recently disturbed or old forests are often nudged towards carbon sources, while regions with middle-aged productive forests are shifted towards sinks. This conforms to stand age effects observed in flux networks. At the subcontinental level, our inverted carbon fluxes agree well with continuous estimates of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) upscaled from eddy covariance flux data based on MODIS data. Inverted fluxes with the age constraint exhibit stronger correlation to these upscaled NEE estimates than those inverted without the age constraint. While the carbon flux at the continental and subcontinental scales is predominantly determined by atmospheric CO2 observations, the age constraint is shown to have potential to improve the inversion of the carbon flux distribution among subcontinental regions, especially for regions lacking atmospheric CO2 observations. C1 [Deng, F.; Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Deng, F.; Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Pan, Y.; Birdsey, R.; McCullough, K.] US Forest Serv, Northern Global Change Program, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Peters, W.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Xiao, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Deng, F (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM dengf@geog.utoronto.ca RI Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015; OI Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; Deng, Feng/0000-0002-1381-0243 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2010CB950704]; Canadian Foundation of Climate and Atmospheric Sciences project [GR-646]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); US Forest Service Northern Research Station [07-JV-11242300-114]; Meteorological Service Canada (MSC); Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) VIDI [864.08.012]; National Science Foundation (NSF) through MacroSystems Biology [1065777]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Carbon Monitoring System [NNX11AL32G] FX This work was made possible through the support from a research grant (2010CB950704) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, a Canadian Foundation of Climate and Atmospheric Sciences project (grant no. GR-646), a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) scholarship (2007-2010), a grant from the US Forest Service Northern Research Station (07-JV-11242300-114), and a Meteorological Service Canada (MSC) graduate supplement (2007-2009). W. Peters was partly supported by a Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) VIDI grant (no. 864.08.012). J. Xiao was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through MacroSystems Biology (award number 1065777) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Carbon Monitoring System (award number NNX11AL32G). The authors thank D. Harvey for his comments and useful discussions. Anonymous referees provided constructive comments that greatly improved this paper. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 8 BP 5335 EP 5348 DI 10.5194/bg-10-5335-2013 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 212JW UT WOS:000323980300006 ER PT J AU Liu, L Millar, CI Westfall, RD Zebker, HA AF Liu, L. Millar, C. I. Westfall, R. D. Zebker, H. A. TI Surface motion of active rock glaciers in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA: inventory and a case study using InSAR SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PERMAFROST; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; SWISS ALPS; CLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SAR INTERFEROGRAMS; WATER EQUIVALENT; DEFORMATION; CREEP; AIRBORNE AB Despite the abundance of rock glaciers in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA, few efforts have been made to measure their surface flow. Here we use the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique to compile a benchmark inventory describing the kinematic state of 59 active rock glaciers in this region. In the late summer of 2007, these rock glaciers moved at speeds that range from 14 cmyr(-1) to 87 cmyr(-1), with a regional mean value of 53 cmyr(-1). Our inventory reveals a spatial difference: rock glaciers in the southern Sierra Nevada moved faster than the ones in the central Sierra Nevada. In addition to the regional mapping, we also conduct a case study to measure the surface flow of the Mount Gibbs rock glacier in fine spatial and temporal detail. The InSAR measurements over this target reveal (1) that the spatial pattern of flow is correlated with surface geomorphic features and (2) a significant seasonal variation of flow speed whose peak value was 48 cmyr(-1) in the fall of 2007, more than twice the minimum value observed in the spring of 2008. The seasonal variation lagged air temperatures by three months. Our finding on the seasonal variation of surface speed reinforces the importance of a long time series with high temporal sampling rates to detect possible long-term changes of rock glacier kinematics in a warming climate. C1 [Liu, L.; Zebker, H. A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Millar, C. I.; Westfall, R. D.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Albany, CA USA. RP Liu, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM liulin@stanford.edu FU George Thompson Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We thank R. P. Daanen, S. Gruber, O. Humlum, A. Kaab, and T. Strozzi for their careful and insightful reviews. B. Collins (US Geological Survey, Menlo Park) and T. R. Lauknes (Norut) reviewed an early version of this paper. The ALOS PALSAR data are copyrighted by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and provided by the Alaska Satellite Facility, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Climatic data at Lee Vining, CA, are provided by the Western Regional Climate Center, NOAA. This research was supported primarily by the George Thompson Postdoctoral Fellowship to Lin Liu from the Department of Geophysics, Stanford University. Matlab and Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel and Smith, 1998) were used to make the figures. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2013 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1109 EP 1119 DI 10.5194/tc-7-1109-2013 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 212LU UT WOS:000323985700008 ER PT S AU Scorza, R Callahan, A Dardick, C Ravelonandro, M Cambra, M Zagrai, I Polak, J Malinowski, T AF Scorza, R. Callahan, A. Dardick, C. Ravelonandro, M. Cambra, M. Zagrai, I. Polak, J. Malinowski, T. BE Veale, MA TI 'HoneySweet' - a Transgenic Plum Pox Virus Resistant Plum - from Laboratory and Experimental Field Plots, to Regulatory Approval SO II GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS IN HORTICULTURE SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Genetically Modified Organisms in Horticulture Symposium CY SEP 11-15, 2011 CL White River, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE genetic engineering; GMO; Prunus domestica; Sharka; transformation; virus resistance ID PRUNUS-DOMESTICA L.; COAT PROTEIN GENE; EUROPEAN PLUM; ARMENIACA L.; APRICOT; INFECTION; PPV; TRANSFORMATION; HYBRIDIZATION; INOCULATION AB Over the past 20 years an intensive international research project has focused on the development of GE resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV), the causative agent of Sharka, one of the most destructive diseases of plum and other stone fruits. A result of this effort has been the development of 'HoneySweet' plum, a GE cultivar that has proven to be highly resistant to PPV, as demonstrated in over 15 years of study and field testing in the US and Europe. The efficacy and safety of 'HoneySweet' demonstrated in many laboratory, greenhouse and field studies have been validated through the successful regulatory approval of this PPV resistant GE plum cultivar in the US. The international collaborative program that produced 'HoneySweet' demonstrates the potential for publicly-fund research and development to provide safe, efficacious GE products for the benefit of growers and consumers. 'HoneySweet' plum represents a valuable genetic resource for PPV control in the US and in Europe. C1 [Scorza, R.; Callahan, A.; Dardick, C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Ralph.scorza@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66050-97-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2013 VL 974 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGQ79 UT WOS:000323826000006 ER PT J AU Carreck, NL Andree, M Brent, CS Cox-Foster, D Dade, HA Ellis, JD Hatjina, F Vanenglesdorp, D AF Carreck, Norman L. Andree, Michael Brent, Colin S. Cox-Foster, Diana Dade, Harry A. Ellis, James D. Hatjina, Fani Vanenglesdorp, Dennis TI Standard methods for Apis mellifera anatomy and dissection SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE COLOSS; BEEBOOK; honey bee; Apis mellifera; anatomy; dissection; autopsy ID HONEY-BEE QUEENS; CORPORA CARDIACA; IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDES; ALLATA; BRAIN AB An understanding of the anatomy and functions of internal and external structures is fundamental to many studies on the honey bee Apis mellifera. Similarly, proficiency in dissection techniques is vital for many more complex procedures. In this paper, which is a prelude to the other papers of the COLOSS BEEBOOK, we outline basic honey bee anatomy and basic dissection techniques. C1 [Carreck, Norman L.] Int Bee Res Assoc, Unit 6, Ctr Court, Treforest CF37 5YR, Wales. [Carreck, Norman L.] Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Lab Apiculture & Social Insects, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. [Andree, Michael] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Oroville, CA 95965 USA. [Brent, Colin S.] USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Cox-Foster, Diana] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ellis, James D.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Honey Bee Res & Extens Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hatjina, Fani] Hellen Inst Apiculture, Hellen Agric Org DEMETER, Nea Moudania, Greece. [Vanenglesdorp, Dennis] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Carreck, NL (reprint author), Int Bee Res Assoc, Unit 6, Ctr Court, Treforest CF37 5YR, Wales. EM norman.carreck@btinternet.com RI Cox-Foster, Diana/L-1538-2013; Ellis, James/L-7985-2013; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010; OI Carreck, Norman/0000-0001-7779-9736 FU COST Action [FA0803]; COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology); EU; Ricola Foundation - Nature Culture FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes) network aims to explain and prevent massive honey bee colony losses. It was funded through the COST Action FA0803. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a unique means for European researchers to jointly develop their own ideas and new initiatives across all scientific disciplines through trans-European networking of nationally funded research activities. Based on a pan-European intergovernmental framework for cooperation in science and technology, COST has contributed since its creation more than 40 years ago to closing the gap between science, policy makers and society throughout Europe and beyond. COST is supported by the EU Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration activities (Official Journal L 412, 30 December 2006). The European Science Foundation as implementing agent of COST provides the COST Office through an EC Grant Agreement. The Council of the European Union provides the COST Secretariat. The COLOSS network is now supported by the Ricola Foundation - Nature & Culture. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 28 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP 52.4.03 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.03 PG 39 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 210PF UT WOS:000323845800002 ER PT J AU de Miranda, JR Bailey, L Ball, BV Blanchard, P Budge, GE Chejanovsky, N Chen, YP Gauthier, L Genersch, E de Graaf, DC Ribiere, M Ryabov, E De Smet, L van der Steen, JJM AF de Miranda, Joachim R. Bailey, Lesley Ball, Brenda V. Blanchard, Philippe Budge, Giles E. Chejanovsky, Nor Chen, Yan-Ping Gauthier, Laurent Genersch, Elke de Graaf, Dirk C. Ribiere, Magali Ryabov, Eugene De Smet, Lina van der Steen, Jozef J. M. TI Standard methods for virus research in Apis mellifera SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE COLOSS BEEBOOK; honey bee; virus; sampling; purification; assays; standardisation ID DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; BEE-PARALYSIS-VIRUS; QUEEN-CELL-VIRUS; ADULT HONEY-BEES; REAL-TIME PCR; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE PCR; PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI VIRUS; QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR; MESSENGER-RNA QUANTIFICATION AB Honey bee virus research is an enormously broad area, ranging from subcellular molecular biology through physiology and behaviour, to individual and colony-level symptoms, transmission and epidemiology. The research methods used in virology are therefore equally diverse. This article covers those methods that are very particular to virological research in bees, with numerous cross-referrals to other BEEBOOK papers on more general methods, used in virology as well as other research. At the root of these methods is the realization that viruses at their most primary level inhabit a molecular, subcellular world, which they manipulate and interact with, to produce all higher order phenomena associated with virus infection and disease. Secondly, that viruses operate in an exponential world, while the host operates in a linear world and that much of the understanding and management of viruses hinges on reconciling these fundamental mathematical differences between virus and host. The article concentrates heavily on virus propagation and methods for detection, with minor excursions into surveying, sampling management and background information on the many viruses found in bees. C1 [de Miranda, Joachim R.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Bailey, Lesley; Ball, Brenda V.] Rothamsted Res, AgroEcol Dept, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Blanchard, Philippe; Ribiere, Magali] Anses, Sophia Antipolis Lab, Bee Dis Unit, F-06902 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Budge, Giles E.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, Natl Bee Unit, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Chejanovsky, Nor] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Chen, Yan-Ping] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gauthier, Laurent] ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Genersch, Elke] Inst Bee Res, D-16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany. [de Graaf, Dirk C.; De Smet, Lina] Univ Ghent, Dept Physiol, Lab Zoophysiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Ryabov, Eugene] Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [van der Steen, Jozef J. M.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Business Unit Biointeract & Plant Hlth, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP de Miranda, JR (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, POB 7044, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM joachim.de.miranda@slu.se FU COST Action [FA0803]; EU Seventh Framework Programme; Ricola Foundation - Nature Culture FX The COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes) network aims to explain and prevent massive honey bee colony losses. It was funded through the COST Action FA0803. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a unique means for European researchers to jointly develop their own ideas and new initiatives across all scientific disciplines through trans-European networking of nationally funded research activities. Based on a pan-European intergovernmental framework for cooperation in science and technology, COST has contributed since its creation more than 40 years ago to closing the gap between science, policy makers and society throughout Europe and beyond. COST is supported by the EU Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration activities (Official Journal L 412, 30 December 2006). The European Science Foundation as implementing agent of COST provides the COST Office through an EC Grant Agreement. The Council of the European Union provides the COST Secretariat. The COLOSS network is now supported by the Ricola Foundation - Nature & Culture. NR 234 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 118 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP 52.4.22 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.22 PG 55 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 210PF UT WOS:000323845800020 ER PT J AU Engel, P James, RR Koga, R Kwong, WK McFrederick, QS Moran, NA AF Engel, Philipp James, Rosalind R. Koga, Ryuichi Kwong, Waldan K. McFrederick, Quinn S. Moran, Nancy A. TI Standard methods for research on Apis mellifera gut symbionts SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE COLOSS; BEEBOOK; fluorescent in situ hybridization; gut symbionts; methods; microbial culture; next generation sequencing; honey bee ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; WORKER HONEY BEES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LACTOBACILLUS-KUNKEEI; SPECIES RICHNESS; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA AB Gut microbes can play an important role in digestion, disease resistance, and the general health of animals, but little is known about the biology of gut symbionts in Apis mellifera. As part of the BEEBOOK series describing honey bee research methods, we provide standard protocols for studying gut symbionts. We describe non-culture-based approaches based on Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), methodology that has greatly improved our ability to identify the microbial communities associated with honey bees. We also describe Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) microscopy, which allows a visual examination of the microenvironments where particular microbes occur. Culturing methods are also described, as they allow the researcher to isolate particular bacteria of interest for further study or gene identification, and enable the assignment of particular functions to particular gut community members. We hope these methods will help others advance the state of knowledge regarding bee gut symbionts and the role they play in honey bee health. C1 [Engel, Philipp; Koga, Ryuichi; Kwong, Waldan K.; Moran, Nancy A.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [James, Rosalind R.] USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT USA. [McFrederick, Quinn S.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Koga, Ryuichi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Bioprod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan. RP James, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT USA. EM rosalind.james@ars.usda.gov RI Engel, Philipp/N-1788-2015 OI Engel, Philipp/0000-0002-4678-6200 FU National Science Foundation [PRFB-1003133]; COST Action [FA0803]; EU Seventh Framework Programme; Ricola Foundation - Nature Culture FX We thank J Ellis for inviting us to prepare this chapter and providing editorial support, and K Hammond for assisting with the references and formatting. QSM was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant PRFB-1003133 during the preparation of this work. The COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes) network aims to explain and prevent massive honey bee colony losses. It was funded through the COST Action FA0803. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a unique means for European researchers to jointly develop their own ideas and new initiatives across all scientific disciplines through trans-European networking of nationally funded research activities. Based on a pan-European intergovernmental framework for cooperation in science and technology, COST has contributed since its creation more than 40 years ago to closing the gap between science, policy makers and society throughout Europe and beyond. COST is supported by the EU Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration activities (Official Journal L 412, 30 December 2006). The European Science Foundation as implementing agent of COST provides the COST Office through an EC Grant Agreement. The Council of the European Union provides the COST Secretariat. The COLOSS network is now supported by the Ricola Foundation - Nature & Culture. NR 112 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 58 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP 52.4.07 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.07 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 210PF UT WOS:000323845800005 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Schwarz, RS Chen, YP Budge, G Cornman, RS De la Rua, P de Miranda, JR Foret, S Foster, L Gauthier, L Genersch, E Gisder, S Jarosch, A Kucharski, R Lopez, D Lun, CM Moritz, RFA Maleszka, R Munoz, I Pinto, MA AF Evans, Jay D. Schwarz, Ryan S. Chen, Yan Ping Budge, Giles Cornman, Robert S. De la Rua, Pilar de Miranda, Joachim R. Foret, Sylvain Foster, Leonard Gauthier, Laurent Genersch, Elke Gisder, Sebastian Jarosch, Antje Kucharski, Robert Lopez, Dawn Lun, Cheng Man Moritz, Robin F. A. Maleszka, Ryszard Munoz, Irene Alice Pinto, M. TI Standard methods for molecular research in Apis mellifera SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Apis mellifera; pollination; disease; development; genomic; Colony Collapse Disorder; population genetics; methylation; RNA interference; RNAi; Southern Blot; Northern Blot; In situ Hybridization; DNA extraction; Next-generation sequencing; mitochondrial DNA; microsatellite; quantitative PCR; COLOSS; BEEBOOK; honey bee ID DEFORMED WING VIRUS; REAL-TIME PCR; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE-PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; KASHMIR BEE VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA QUANTIFICATION; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; ACID EXTRACTION METHODS; DRIED BLOOD SPOTS AB From studies of behaviour, chemical communication, genomics and developmental biology, among many others, honey bees have long been a key organism for fundamental breakthroughs in biology. With a genome sequence in hand, and much improved genetic tools, honey bees are now an even more appealing target for answering the major questions of evolutionary biology, population structure, and social organization. At the same time, agricultural incentives to understand how honey bees fall prey to disease, or evade and survive their many pests and pathogens, have pushed for a genetic understanding of individual and social immunity in this species. Below we describe and reference tools for using modern molecular-biology techniques to understand bee behaviour, health, and other aspects of their biology. We focus on DNA and RNA techniques, largely because techniques for assessing bee proteins are covered in detail in Hartfelder et al. (2013). We cover practical needs for bee sampling, transport, and storage, and then discuss a range of current techniques for genetic analysis. We then provide a roadmap for genomic resources and methods for studying bees, followed by specific statistical protocols for population genetics, quantitative genetics, and phylogenetics. Finally, we end with three important tools for predicting gene regulation and function in honey bees: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RNA interference (RNAi), and the estimation of chromosomal methylation and its role in epigenetic gene regulation. C1 [Evans, Jay D.; Schwarz, Ryan S.; Chen, Yan Ping; Cornman, Robert S.; Lopez, Dawn] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Budge, Giles] Food & Environm Res Agcy, Natl Bee Unit, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [De la Rua, Pilar; Munoz, Irene] Univ Murcia, Fac Vet, Dept Zool & Phys Anthropol, E-30001 Murcia, Spain. [de Miranda, Joachim R.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Foret, Sylvain; Kucharski, Robert; Maleszka, Ryszard] Australia Australian Natl Univ, Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Foster, Leonard] Univ British Columbia, Ctr High Throughput Biol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Gauthier, Laurent] Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Genersch, Elke; Gisder, Sebastian] Inst Bee Res, D-16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany. [Jarosch, Antje; Moritz, Robin F. A.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Dept Biol, D-06099 Halle, Germany. [Lun, Cheng Man] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Alice Pinto, M.] Polytech Inst Braganca, Mt Res Ctr CIMO, Braganca, Portugal. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jay.evans@ars.usda.gov RI De la Rua, Pilar/A-4578-2009; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; FORET, Sylvain/B-9207-2012; Moritz, Robin/K-6053-2012; OI De la Rua, Pilar/0000-0002-0058-1402; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Moritz, Robin/0000-0003-0791-887X; Pinto, Maria Alice/0000-0001-9663-8399; Maleszka, Ryszard/0000-0003-1855-555X FU COST Action [FA0803]; EU Seventh Framework Programme; Ricola Foundation - Nature Culture FX We thank four careful reviewers and Editors Peter Neumann and Vincent Dietemann for their insights and advice. The COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes) network aims to explain and prevent massive honey bee colony losses. It was funded through the COST Action FA0803. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a unique means for European researchers to jointly develop their own ideas and new initiatives across all scientific disciplines through trans-European networking of nationally funded research activities. Based on a pan-European intergovernmental framework for cooperation in science and technology, COST has contributed since its creation more than 40 years ago to closing the gap between science, policy makers and society throughout Europe and beyond. COST is supported by the EU Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration activities (Official Journal L 412, 30 December 2006). The European Science Foundation as implementing agent of COST provides the COST Office through an EC Grant Agreement. The Council of the European Union provides the COST Secretariat. The COLOSS network is now supported by the Ricola Foundation - Nature & Culture. NR 183 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 110 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP 52.4.11 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.11 PG 53 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 210PF UT WOS:000323845800009 ER PT J AU Neumann, P Evans, JD Pettis, JS Pirk, CWW Schafer, MO Tanner, G Ellis, JD AF Neumann, Peter Evans, Jay D. Pettis, Jeff S. Pirk, Christian W. W. Schaefer, Marc O. Tanner, Gina Ellis, James D. TI Standard methods for small hive beetle research SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE COLOSS; BEEBOOK; Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; research method; protocol; small hive beetle; honey bee ID AETHINA-TUMIDA COLEOPTERA; APIS-MELLIFERA-CAPENSIS; EUROPEAN HONEY-BEES; SCIENTIFIC NOTE; UNITED-STATES; CONFINEMENT BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL ENCAPSULATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HYMENOPTERA APIDAE; BOMBUS-IMPATIENS AB Small hive beetles, Aethina tumida, are parasites and scavengers of honey bee and other social bee colonies native to sub-Saharan Africa, where they are a minor pest only. In contrast, the beetles can be harmful parasites of European honey bee subspecies. Very rapidly after A. tumida established populations outside of its endemic range, the devastating effect of this beetle under suitable climatic conditions prompted an active research effort to better understand and control this invasive species. Over a decade, A. tumida has spread almost over the entire USA and across the east coast of Australia. Although comparatively few researchers have worked with this organism, a diversity of research methods emerged using sets of diverse techniques to achieve the same goal. The diversity of methods made the results difficult to compare, thus hindering our understanding of this parasite. Here, we provide easy-to-use protocols for the collection, identification, diagnosis, rearing, and for experimental essays of A. tumida. We hope that these methods will be embraced as standards by the community when designing and performing research on A. tumida. C1 [Neumann, Peter; Tanner, Gina] Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Inst Bee Hlth, Bern, Switzerland. [Neumann, Peter; Pirk, Christian W. W.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Social Insect Res Grp, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Evans, Jay D.; Pettis, Jeff S.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Schaefer, Marc O.] Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, FLI, Natl Reference Lab Bee Dis, Greifswald Insel Riems, Germany. [Ellis, James D.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Honey Bee Res & Extens Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Neumann, P (reprint author), Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Inst Bee Hlth, Bern, Switzerland. EM peter.neumann@vetsuisse.unibe.ch RI Ellis, James/L-7985-2013; Pirk, Christian /E-4180-2010; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Pirk, Christian /0000-0001-6821-7044; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 FU COST Action [FA0803]; EU Seventh Framework Programme; Ricola Foundation - Nature Culture FX Appreciation is addressed to Geoff Williams and an anonymous referee for constructive comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript and to Sebastian Spiewok for sharing his unpublished data. The COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes) network aims to explain and prevent massive honey bee colony losses. It was funded through the COST Action FA0803. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a unique means for European researchers to jointly develop their own ideas and new initiatives across all scientific disciplines through trans-European networking of nationally funded research activities. Based on a pan-European intergovernmental framework for cooperation in science and technology, COST has contributed since its creation more than 40 years ago to closing the gap between science, policy makers and society throughout Europe and beyond. COST is supported by the EU Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration activities (Official Journal L 412, 30 December 2006). The European Science Foundation as implementing agent of COST provides the COST Office through an EC Grant Agreement. The Council of the European Union provides the COST Secretariat. The COLOSS network is now supported by the Ricola Foundation - Nature & Culture. NR 99 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP 52.4.19 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.19 PG 32 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 210PF UT WOS:000323845800017 ER PT J AU Pirk, CWW de Miranda, JR Kramer, M Murray, TE Nazzi, F Shutler, D van der Steen, JJM van Dooremalen, C AF Pirk, Christian W. W. de Miranda, Joachim R. Kramer, Matthew Murray, Tomas E. Nazzi, Francesco Shutler, Dave van der Steen, Jozef J. M. van Dooremalen, Coby TI Statistical guidelines for Apis mellifera research SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE COLOSS; BEEBOOK; honey bees; sampling; sample size; GLMM; robust statistics; resampling; PCA; Power; rule of thumb ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; HONEY-BEES; SAMPLE-SIZE; NOSEMA-APIS; PREVALENCE; VIRUSES; MODELS; LARVAE; POWER AB In this article we provide guidelines on statistical design and analysis of data for all kinds of honey bee research. Guidelines and selection of different methods presented are, at least partly, based on experience. This article can be used: to identify the most suitable analysis for the type of data collected; to optimise one's experimental design based on the experimental factors to be investigated, samples to be analysed, and the type of data produced; to determine how, where, and when to sample bees from colonies; or just to inspire. Also included are guidelines on presentation and reporting of data, as well as where to find help and which types of software could be useful. C1 [Pirk, Christian W. W.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Social Insect Res Grp, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa. [de Miranda, Joachim R.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Kramer, Matthew] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Murray, Tomas E.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06120 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Nazzi, Francesco] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Sci Agr & Ambientali, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Shutler, Dave] Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. [van der Steen, Jozef J. M.; van Dooremalen, Coby] Wageningen UR, Plant Res Int, Biointeract & Plant Hlth, Bees Wur, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Pirk, CWW (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Social Insect Res Grp, Private Bag X20, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa. EM cwwpirk@zoology.up.ac.za RI Pirk, Christian /E-4180-2010; Murray, Tomas/C-5540-2013 OI Pirk, Christian /0000-0001-6821-7044; FU University of Pretoria; National Research Foundation of South Africa; Department of Science and Technology of South Africa (CWWP); COST Action [FA0803]; EU Seventh Framework Programme; Ricola Foundation - Nature Culture FX We are more than grateful to Ingemar Fries of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences for comments on and contributions to earlier versions of the chapter. We thank K L Crous and A A Yusuf for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and we also thank Werner Luginbuhl for a very thoughtful and thorough review of the original submission. The University of Pretoria, the National Research Foundation of South Africa and the Department of Science and Technology of South Africa (CWWP) granted financial support. The COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes) network aims to explain and prevent massive honey bee colony losses. It was funded through the COST Action FA0803. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a unique means for European researchers to jointly develop their own ideas and new initiatives across all scientific disciplines through trans-European networking of nationally funded research activities. Based on a pan-European intergovernmental framework for cooperation in science and technology, COST has contributed since its creation more than 40 years ago to closing the gap between science, policy makers and society throughout Europe and beyond. COST is supported by the EU Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration activities (Official Journal L 412, 30 December 2006). The European Science Foundation as implementing agent of COST provides the COST Office through an EC Grant Agreement. The Council of the European Union provides the COST Secretariat. The COLOSS network is now supported by the Ricola Foundation - Nature & Culture. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP 52.4.13 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.13 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 210PF UT WOS:000323845800011 ER PT J AU Sammataro, D de Guzman, L George, S Ochoa, R Otis, G AF Sammataro, Diana de Guzman, Lilia George, Sherly Ochoa, Ron Otis, Gard TI Standard methods for tracheal mite research SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE COLOSS BEEBOOK; Acarapis woodi; Apis mellifera; honey bee; research methods; protocol ID ACARAPIS-WOODI RENNIE; BEES APIS-MELLIFERA; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HOST-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; HONEY-BEES; FORMIC-ACID; LIFE-HISTORY; DISSECTION TECHNIQUE; ACARI TARSONEMIDAE; VARROA-JACOBSONI AB The honey bee tracheal mite (HBTM) Acarapis woodi (Rennie) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) is an obligate endoparasite of honey bees. First described from the Western (European) honey bee Apis mellifera L., this mite species was initially observed when honey bee colonies on the Isle of Wight, UK were dying between 1904 and 1919 (Rennie, 1921). Since then, this mite has been found in Europe, North and South America and parts of Asia, but its global distribution is not well understood. In this chapter, we outline protocols for collecting, detecting, identifying, diagnosing and measuring the infestation rates of A. woodi. We also describe methods to determine the damage threshold, outline several control measures, and describe methods for studying live mites. C1 [Sammataro, Diana] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Honey Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [de Guzman, Lilia] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Ochoa, Ron] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Otis, Gard] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Sammataro, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Honey Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. EM Diana.Sammataro@ars.usda.gov FU COST Action [FA0803]; EU Seventh Framework Programme; Ricola Foundation - Nature Culture FX We are grateful to the authors and the reviewers who gave helpful suggestions and especially to Jamie Ellis for his patience. We wish to acknowledge the COLOSS network for making the BEEBOOK possible. The COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes) network aims to explain and prevent massive honey bee colony losses. It was funded through the COST Action FA0803. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a unique means for European researchers to jointly develop their own ideas and new initiatives across all scientific disciplines through trans-European networking of nationally funded research activities. Based on a pan-European intergovernmental framework for cooperation in science and technology, COST has contributed since its creation more than 40 years ago to closing the gap between science, policy makers and society throughout Europe and beyond. COST is supported by the EU Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration activities (Official Journal L 412, 30 December 2006). The European Science Foundation as implementing agent of COST provides the COST Office through an EC Grant Agreement. The Council of the European Union provides the COST Secretariat. The COLOSS network is now supported by the Ricola Foundation - Nature & Culture. NR 103 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 SI SI AR 52.4.20 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.20 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 210PF UT WOS:000323845800018 ER PT B AU Doll, KM Heise, GL Myslinska, M Sharma, BK AF Doll, Kenneth M. Heise, Glen L. Myslinska, Malgorzata Sharma, Brajendra K. GP ASME TI FORMULATION OF A BIOBASED GEAR OIL UTILIZING BORON TECHNOLOGY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/STLE INTERNATIONAL JOINT TRIBOLOGY CONFERENCE, IJTC 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME/STLE International Joint Tribology Conference (IJTC 2012) CY OCT 07-10, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Tribol Div, Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers AB A new additive was produced from a natural oil and boron. The synthesis involves the use of the epoxidized form of soybean oil which then undergoes a catalytic ring opening to produce the additive material. Due to their remaining triacylglycerol structure, the products are highly compatible with bio-based lubricants and due to their covalent boron attachments, show effective properties for the reduction of wear. Some performance examples: Using a traditional Fa lex 4-ball wear test, the scar diameter observed in a soybean oil lubricant could be reduced from 0.61 mm to 0.41 mm by the inclusion of 1% or the additive. A second generation additive, while not as effective at reducing wear, was able to increase the oxidation onset temperature of soybean oil under pressurized oxygen by 14 degrees C. Next, these additives were tested in a formulation of biobased gear oil composed of heat treated soybean oil and synthetic esters. In the best formulation, these additives were able to surpass the oxidation onset of a gear oil that was formulated with commercially available additives, while giving nearly as good of performance by wear scar analysis. This oxidation onset value, of 258 degrees C, approaches that of off-the-shelf gear oils. Overall, these new additives are strong performers which can be made using simple chemistry. Their properties combined with their high biobased content are valuable assets in the search for biobased lubricants and gear oils. C1 [Doll, Kenneth M.] NCAUR ARS USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Doll, KM (reprint author), NCAUR ARS USDA, Peoria, IL USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4508-0 PY 2013 BP 351 EP 353 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGO44 UT WOS:000323628000090 ER PT J AU Leesburg, VLR MacNeil, MD van Marle-Koster, E Mapholi, O Neser, FWC AF Leesburg, V. L. R. MacNeil, M. D. van Marle-Koester, E. Mapholi, O. Neser, F. W. C. TI Impact of Line 1 germplasm on South African Hereford cattle SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gene flow; migration; relationship ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATIONS; INFERENCE; BREEDS; MICROSATELLITES; MARKERS AB The goal of this research was to document the influence of Line 1 Hereford cattle, developed by the United States Department of Agriculture at its research facility in Miles City, Montana, on Hereford cattle in South Africa. Analytical approaches made use of both recorded pedigree and microsatellite marker information. Cattle with recorded performance data in South Africa were mated with Line 1 Hereford sires in silico and inbreeding coefficients were calculated for the resulting progeny. The relationship between South African and Line 1 Hereford cattle populations was estimated as twice the maximum inbreeding coefficient for the progeny of each South African animal. The calculated pedigree relationship of Hereford cattle registered in South Africa with Line 1 was 24%. Thirty-six South African Hereford cattle and a sample of 64 Line 1 animals were genotyped with 34 microsatellite markers. Based on a Bayesian model-based clustering method, the probability that the South African Hereford cattle were members of Line 1 was 0.38 +/- 0.08. This research documents one aspect of the far reaching effects of the Line 1 Hereford population. C1 [Leesburg, V. L. R.; MacNeil, M. D.] ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Leesburg, V. L. R.; MacNeil, M. D.; Neser, F. W. C.] Univ Free State, Dept Anim Wildlife & Grassland Sci, ZA-9301 Bloemfontein, South Africa. [MacNeil, M. D.; Mapholi, O.] ARC Anim Prod Inst, ZA-0062 Irene, South Africa. [van Marle-Koester, E.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM macneil.deltag@gmail.com RI Neser, Frederick/F-7691-2014; Van Marle-Koster, Este/S-2197-2016 OI Van Marle-Koster, Este/0000-0002-3672-6976 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES PI HATFIELD PA C/O ESTIE KOSTER, PO BOX 13884, HATFIELD 0028, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0375-1589 J9 S AFR J ANIM SCI JI South Afr. J. Anim. Sci. PY 2013 VL 43 IS 2 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.4314/sajas.v43i2.5 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 212PX UT WOS:000323996400005 ER PT S AU Delgado, JA Nearing, MA Rice, CW AF Delgado, Jorge A. Nearing, Mark A. Rice, Charles W. BE Sparks, DL TI Conservation Practices for Climate Change Adaptation SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 121 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PRECISION AGRICULTURE SYSTEM; CARBON SEQUESTRATION RATES; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NO-TILL AB The threat of climate change is a great challenge to sustainable land management (USDA-NRCS, 2010a). Several publications have reported that over the last few decades, rainfall intensities have increased in many parts of the world, including in the United States. Without good, productive soils and the ecosystem services provided by them, the survival of our species will be in jeopardy. The future changes in climate that will drive erosion processes will significantly impact soil erosion rates, with higher C1 [Delgado, Jorge A.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Nearing, Mark A.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Rice, Charles W.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM Jorge.Delgado@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 300 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-407685-3 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2013 VL 121 BP 47 EP 115 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-407685-3.00002-5 PG 69 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BGG60 UT WOS:000322846500002 ER PT J AU Zhao, X Zhu, QB Huang, M Cen, HY AF Zhao, Xin Zhu, Qibing Huang, Min Cen, Haiyan TI An IGA-PLSP method for FT-NIR wavelength selection for measuring soluble solid content of citrus fruits SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC ALGORITHM; VIS/NIR SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; QUALITY; PREDICTION; FIRMNESS; JUICE AB Near-infrared spectroscopy is a useful technique for fast, noninvasive quality measurement of fruits. The research was aimed to select the optimal wavelengths from Fourier transform near-infrared reflectance (FT-NIR) spectroscopy for the soluble solid content (SSC) evaluation of citrus. A total of 220 Gongchuan citrus were analyzed in this experiment. Standard genetic algorithm, immune genetic algorithm (IGA), and IGA combined with partial least squares projection algorithm (IGA-PLSP) were used for the optimal wavelength selection. The partial least squares (PLS) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) were used for the prediction of SSC. Prediction models using the optimal wavelengths (280 wavelengths) selected by IGA-PLSP significantly improved the prediction results compared with the models using the full spectra. The standard errors of prediction (RMSEP) were reduced by 14.8% and 34.0% for the PLS and LS-SVM model, respectively. In addition, the LS-SVM model based on the IGA-PLSP method achieved better prediction results (correlation coefficient of prediction or R-p = 0.923 and RMSEP 0.66 degrees Brix) compared to the PLS model (R-p = 0.914 and RMSEP = 0.69 degrees Brix). This research demonstrated that the IGA-PLSP algorithm provides an effective means for the optimal wavelength selection, and improves the FT-NIR spectral prediction of citrus SSC. C1 [Zhao, Xin; Zhu, Qibing; Huang, Min] Jiangnan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Proc Control Light Ind, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. [Cen, Haiyan] Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhu, QB (reprint author), Jiangnan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Proc Control Light Ind, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. EM zhuqib@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61275155, 61271384]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (China) [BK2011148]; Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China [2011M500851, 2012T50463]; 111 Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions [B12018]; PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions FX Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 61275155 and 61271384), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (China, grant no. BK2011148), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (grant no. 2011M500851 and 2012T50463) and the 111 Project (B12018) and PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2013 VL 5 IS 18 BP 4811 EP 4817 DI 10.1039/c3ay40916c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 206KA UT WOS:000323518200039 ER PT J AU Heckman, K Campbell, J Powers, H Law, B Swanston, C AF Heckman, Katherine Campbell, John Powers, Heath Law, Beverly Swanston, Chris TI THE INFLUENCE OF FIRE ON THE RADIOCARBON SIGNATURE AND CHARACTER OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER IN THE SISKIYOU NATIONAL FOREST, OREGON, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biscuit Fire; charcoal; density separation; radiocarbon; soil organic matter; wildfire ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BOMB C-14 DATA; PINE FOREST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN LIMITATION; LIGHT-FRACTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; N STORAGE; CARBON; WILDFIRE AB Forest fires contribute a significant amount of CO2 to the atmosphere each year, and CO2 emissions from fires are likely to increase under projected conditions of global climate change. In addition to volatilizing aboveground biomass and litter layers, forest fires have a profound effect on belowground carbon (C) pools and the cycling of soil organic matter as a whole. However, the influence of fire on belowground organic matter cycling is not well defined and varies widely with fire severity. We measured soil organic matter (SOM) characteristics across a range of fire severities two years after the 2002 Biscuit Fire in southwest Oregon, USA, to address the following questions: (1) Which C pools are preferentially volatilized or transformed to charcoal under low-severity and high-severity fire? (2) How does fire change the distribution of SOM among density fractions and depths? (3) How does fire affect the general character of SOM including such variables as abundance, C:N ratio, C-13 abundance, and C-14 abundance? We examined soils from a mixed hardwood-evergreen forest across a range of burn severities: unburned, low severity, mixed severity, and high severity. Results indicated that increasing burn severity led to progressive loss of forest floor mass, but not to progressive loss of C from the mineral soil. Although fire significantly increased the charcoal content of the soils, fire did not significantly change the distribution of soil organic matter between heavy and free or light fractions. Other significant changes in soil organic matter characteristics included a progressive increase in nitrogen (N) with increasing burn severity, possibly due to the encroachment of N-fixing shrubs following the loss of native vegetation. Although qualitative changes in total root abundance following fire were noted, differences among burn severity treatments were not statistically significant. Increased concentrations of rock fragments in burned areas may be suggestive of erosion in these areas, consistent with previous studies documenting varying degrees of soil erosion following fire. In addition, although C-13 abundances were similar among severely burned and unburned plots, soils from severely burned plots were significantly depleted in C-14 in comparison to soils from unburned plots. This C-14 depletion is most likely the combined result of erosion and preferential combustion of organics enriched in C-14 relative to the bulk soil, perhaps reflecting a historical pattern of fire occurrence and severity across the landscape. C1 [Heckman, Katherine; Swanston, Chris] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Heckman, Katherine] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Campbell, John; Law, Beverly] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Powers, Heath] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climat & Environm Dynam Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Heckman, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM kaheckman@fs.fed.us RI Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010 OI Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 FU Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), US Department of Energy [DF-FG02-04ER63917, DE-FG02-07ER64361]; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-567353] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), US Department of Energy (DF-FG02-04ER63917, and DE-FG02-07ER64361). A portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-567353. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 26 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 2 BP 40 EP 56 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0902040 PG 17 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 208TK UT WOS:000323702400005 ER PT S AU Tkacz, B Riitters, K Percy, KE AF Tkacz, Borys Riitters, Kurt Percy, Kevin E. BE Ferretti, M Fischer, R TI Forest Monitoring Methods in the United States and Canada: An Overview SO FOREST MONITORING: METHODS FOR TERRESTRIAL INVESTIGATIONS IN EUROPE WITH AN OVERVIEW OF NORTH AMERICA AND ASIA SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-POLLUTION; HEALTH; INVENTORY; CLIMATE C1 [Tkacz, Borys] US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Monitoring, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Riitters, Kurt] US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Monitoring, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Percy, Kevin E.] Wood Buffalo Environm Assoc, Ft Mcmurray, AB, Canada. RP Tkacz, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Monitoring, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM btkacz@fs.fed.us NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-098225-0 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2013 VL 12 BP 49 EP 73 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-098222-9.00004-2 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BGC63 UT WOS:000322318100005 ER PT J AU Johnson, MC Halofsky, JE Peterson, DL AF Johnson, Morris C. Halofsky, Jessica E. Peterson, David L. TI Effects of salvage logging and pile-and-burn on fuel loading, potential fire behaviour, fuel consumption and emissions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE blowdown; CONSUME 3.0; FFE-FVS; fuel reduction treatments; fuels; Fuel Characteristic Classification System; windstorms ID CHARACTERISTIC CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; POSTFIRE SALVAGE; FOREST STRUCTURE; DRY FORESTS; WILDFIRE; SEVERITY; VEGETATION AB We used a combination of field measurements and simulation modelling to quantify the effects of salvage logging, and a combination of salvage logging and pile-and-burn fuel surface fuel treatment (treatment combination), on fuel loadings, fire behaviour, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions at three points in time: post-windstorm (before salvage logging), post-salvage logging and post-surface fuel treatment (pile-and-burn). Salvage logging and the treatment combination significantly reduced fuel loadings, fuelbed depth and smoke emissions. Salvage logging and the treatment combination reduced total surface fuel loading (sound plus rotten) by 73 and 77%. All fine woody fuels (<7.6 cm) were significantly reduced by salvage logging and the treatment combination. In contrast, there was significant increase in the 1000-h (7.6-22.9 cm) fuel loading. Salvage logging and the treatment combination reduced mean fuelbed depth by 38 and 65%. Salvage logging reduced PM2.5 emissions by 19%, and the treatment combination reduced emissions by 27%. Salvage logging and the treatment combination reduced PM10 emissions by 19 and 28%. We observed monotonic changes in flame length, reaction intensity and rate-of-spread after salvage logging and treatment combination. Study results illustrate potential differences between the effects of salvage logging after windstorms and the effects of salvage logging after wildfire. C1 [Johnson, Morris C.; Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Halofsky, Jessica E.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Johnson, MC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 North 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM mcjohnson@fs.fed.us; jhalo@uw.edu; peterson@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region; Oregon BLM State Office FX We thank Aaron Worman, Jena DeJuilio, Leo Engleson, Doug Gamache and Melissa Norbe Santos for logistical support, and Jon Dvorak, Travis Freed, Joe Restaino, Bob Vihnanek and Aarin Sengsirirak for their outstanding job in data collection. Leanne Mruzik, Charley Martin, Dianne Keller, Alan Mason, John Osmanski, Jean Williams and Marcia Wineteer provided helpful data support, and Paige Eagle, Kjell Swedin, Maureen Kennedy, Maria Petrova and Susan Prichard provided critical technical support. We thank Rob Norheim for GIS support and Patti Loesche for assistance with editing. We also thank Jim McIver and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This project was funded by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region and the Oregon BLM State Office. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 6 BP 757 EP 769 DI 10.1071/WF12080 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 208ZB UT WOS:000323720500004 ER PT J AU Hudak, AT Ottmar, RD Vihnanek, RE Brewer, NW Smith, AMS Morgan, P AF Hudak, Andrew T. Ottmar, Roger D. Vihnanek, Robert E. Brewer, Nolan W. Smith, Alistair M. S. Morgan, Penelope TI The relationship of post-fire white ash cover to surface fuel consumption SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE black char; fire effects; fire severity; fuelbed; prescribed fire ID FIRE; COMBUSTION; FORESTS AB White ash results from the complete combustion of surface fuels, making it a logically simple retrospective indicator of surface fuel consumption. However, the strength of this relationship has been neither tested nor adequately demonstrated with field measurements. We measured surface fuel loads and cover fractions of white ash and four other surface materials (green vegetation, brown non-photosynthetic vegetation, black char and mineral soil) immediately before and after eight prescribed fires in four disparate fuelbed types: boreal forest floor, mixed conifer woody slash, mixed conifer understorey and longleaf pine understorey. We hypothesised that increased white ash cover should correlate significantly to surface fuel consumption. To test this hypothesis, we correlated field measures of surface fuel consumption with field measures of surface cover change. Across all four fuelbed types, we found increased white ash cover to be the only measure of surface cover change that correlated significantly to surface fuel consumption, supporting our hypothesis. We conclude that white ash load calculated from immediate post-fire measurements of white ash cover, depth and density may provide an even more accurate proxy for surface fuel consumption, and furthermore a more physically based indicator of fire severity that could be incorporated into rapid response, retrospective wildfire assessments. C1 [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.; Vihnanek, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Brewer, Nolan W.; Smith, Alistair M. S.; Morgan, Penelope] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Hudak, AT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ahudak@fs.fed.us RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014 OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958 FU Coca-Cola Co.; Joint Fire Science Program [06-2-1-39] FX We thank Kevin Hiers at the Jones Center (sponsored by Coca-Cola Co.) and Brett Williams at Eglin Air Force Base for outstanding logistical support to the researchers at the longleaf pine burns. Randi Jandt of the Alaska Fire Service was a great liaison between the researchers and the Incident Management Team at Nenana Ridge, with further logistical support from the Joint Fire Science Program (Project 06-2-1-39), the Alaska Fire Service and Alaska State Forestry. Harold Osborne, Brian Austin and Wade Tinkham helped to make the mixed conifer burns successful for both researchers and prescribed burn laboratory students from the University of Idaho. We also thank Matt Dickinson and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 6 BP 780 EP 785 DI 10.1071/WF12150 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 208ZB UT WOS:000323720500006 ER PT J AU Busse, MD Shestak, CJ Hubbert, KR AF Busse, Matt D. Shestak, Carol J. Hubbert, Ken R. TI Soil heating during burning of forest slash piles and wood piles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE forest restoration; fuel reduction; pile burning; prescribed fire; soil temperature ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURES; FLUX; ASH AB Pile burning of conifer slash is a common fuel reduction practice in forests of the western United States that has a direct, yet poorly quantified effect on soil heating. To address this knowledge gap, we measured the heat pulse beneath hand-built piles ranging widely in fuel composition and pile size in sandy-textured soils of the Lake Tahoe Basin. The soil heat pulse depended primarily on fuel composition, not on pile size. Burn piles dominated by large wood produced extreme temperatures in soil profile, with lethal heating lasting up to 3 days. In contrast, the heat pulse was moderate beneath piles containing a mixture of fuel sizes. Considerable spatial variability was noted, as soil temperatures were generally greatest near pile centres and decline sharply toward the pile edges. Also, saturating pile burns with water 8 h after ignition ('mopping up') effectively quenched the soil heat pulse while allowing near-complete fuel consumption. The findings suggest that burning of hand piles will not result in extreme or extensive soil heating except for uncommon conditions when piles are dominated by large wood and occupy a high percentage of the ground surface. C1 [Busse, Matt D.; Hubbert, Ken R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Shestak, Carol J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Busse, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM mbusse@fs.fed.us FU Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act FX We thank Rebecca Johnson, Junmian Lin, Roxanne Robles and Bob Carlson for their efforts in all aspects of the field work, and Ross Gerard for graphics assistance. Site selection and coordination during the burning was made possible through the skills and patience of Dan Shaw, Roland Shaw and Sue Norman. We also thank the staff of the California State Parks, Nevada State Parks, Forest Service Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit and North Lake Tahoe Fire Protection District for conducting the burns, and Jonathon Long for his unyielding guidance during the project. This project was funded by a grant from the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 22 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 6 BP 786 EP 796 DI 10.1071/WF12179 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 208ZB UT WOS:000323720500007 ER PT J AU Champ, PA Donovan, GH Barth, CM AF Champ, Patricia A. Donovan, Geoffrey H. Barth, Christopher M. TI Living in a tinderbox: wildfire risk perceptions and mitigating behaviours SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE natural hazard; wildland-urban interface ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; HAZARD; HOMEOWNERS; PROGRAMS AB The loss of homes to wildfires is an important issue in the USA and other countries. Yet many homeowners living in fire-prone areas do not undertake mitigating actions, such as clearing vegetation, to decrease the risk of losing their home. To better understand the complexity of wildfire risk-mitigation decisions and the role of perceived risk, we conducted a survey of homeowners in a fire-prone area of the front range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. We examine the relationship between perceived wildfire risk ratings and risk-mitigating behaviours in two ways. First, we model wildfire risk-mitigation behaviours as a function of perceived risk. Then, we model wildfire risk-mitigation behaviours and perceived risk simultaneously. The results of the simultaneous model suggest that perceived risk and wildfire risk-mitigating behaviours are jointly determined. By correctly specifying the relationship between risk perceptions and mitigating behaviours, we are better able to understand the relationship between other factors, such as exposure to a wildfire-mitigation program and wildfire risk-mitigating behaviours. We also find that having a wood roof, as well as homeowner age, income and previous experience with living in a fire-prone area, are associated with wildfire risk-mitigating behaviours. C1 [Champ, Patricia A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] US Forest Serv, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Barth, Christopher M.] Bur Land Management, Southwest Dist Fire Management Program, Montrose, CO 81401 USA. RP Champ, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 West Prospect Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM pchamp@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 6 BP 832 EP 840 DI 10.1071/WF12093 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 208ZB UT WOS:000323720500012 ER PT J AU Talamas, EJ Masner, L Johnson, NF AF Talamas, Elijah J. Masner, Lubomir Johnson, Norman F. TI Systematics of Trichoteleia Kieffer and Paridris Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea, Platygastridae) SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Egg-parasitoid; Platygastroidea; key; Paridris; Trichoteleia; revision; phylogeny ID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENUS; SCELIONIDAE; PHYLOGENY; REVISION; 28S AB Paridris Kieffer and Trichoteleia Kieffer are morphologically similar genera of solitary egg parasitoids with little overlap between their distributions: Paridris is found commonly worldwide with the exceptions of Madagascar, from which a single specimen is known, and New Zealand, from which no records are known; Trichoteleia is endemic to the Malagasy islands. Here we present the first phylogenetic analysis of platygastroid wasps that combines and compares morphological and molecular data. We find the results of the phylogenetic analyses of the two data sources to be largely congruent for the species treated here. Paridris and Trichoteleia are found to be monophyletic, as are two morphologically well-defined species groups within Paridris. Neoparidris Galloway is found to belong within Paridris and is treated as a junior synonym, syn. n. The faunas of Paridris from Africa, Melanesia and the Indo-Malay islands are revised. Fifteen species are described of which 9 are new: Paridris anikulapo Talamas, sp. n. (sub-Saharan Africa); Paridris densiclava (Kieffer), (Seychelles); Paridris bispinosa (Masner), (Gabon); Paridris nigriclava (Kieffer), (Seychelles); Paridris nitidiceps (Kieffer), (Seychelles); Paridris tenuis (Nixon), (sub-Saharan Africa); Paridris trispinosa Talamas & Masner, sp. n., (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo); Paridris bifurcata (Dodd), comb. n., (Australia, Papua New Guinea); Paridris mnestros Talamas & Masner, sp. n., (Indonesia, Malaysia); Paridris pantex Talamas, sp. n., (Fiji); Paridris phrikos Talamas & Masner, sp. n., (Fiji); Paridris skolops Talamas & Masner, sp. n., (Fiji); Paridris sulcata Talamas, sp. n., (Vanuatu); Paridris taekuli Talamas & Masner, sp. n., (Australia, Bangladesh, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, New Caledonia, Thailand, Vietnam); Paridris xestos Talamas & Masner, sp. n., (Fiji). Paridris flaviclava (Kieffer), syn. n., and P. nigraticeps (Kieffer), syn. n., are treated as junior synonyms of P. nigriclava. C1 [Talamas, Elijah J.] Smithsonian Inst, USNM, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Masner, Lubomir] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Johnson, Norman F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Talamas, EJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USNM, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM elijah.talamas@ars.usda.gov FU NSF [DEB-0542864]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0614764] FX Thanks to K. van Achterberg, M. Buffington, R. Danielsson, T. Nuhn, S. van Noort, and M. Sharkey (Thai specimens collected under NSF grant No. DEB-0542864) for the loans of material for this study, to A. Polaszek and V. Blagoderov for help with imaging type material at BMNH, and to L. Musetti, J. Cora, and S. Hemly for critical assistance with specimen handling, software and databasing. This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant No. DEB-0614764 to N.F. Johnson and A.D.Austin. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 EI 1314-2607 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2013 VL 34 BP 1 EP 79 DI 10.3897/JHR.33.4714 PG 79 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 209ZQ UT WOS:000323799500001 ER PT J AU Kula, RR AF Kula, Robert R. TI A new brachypterous species of Heterospilus Haliday (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from the Neotropical Region SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apterous; aptery; brachyptery; Neotropical; parasitoid; taxonomy AB A new species, Heterospilus michaeli Kula, from the Neotropical Region is described and differentiated from all other New World species of Doryctinae with brachypterous or apterous individuals. It is the first species of Heterospilus Haliday in the Neotropical Region known to exhibit brachyptery and the fourth described brachypterous species of Heterospilus worldwide. Errors and omissions in a recently published article on brachypterous and apterous doryctines in the New World are corrected. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2013 VL 33 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.3897/JHR.33.4009 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 207GQ UT WOS:000323587300004 ER PT J AU Talamas, EJ Buffington, M Hoelmer, K AF Talamas, Elijah J. Buffington, Matthew Hoelmer, Kim TI New synonymy of Trissolcus halyomorphae Yang SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Halyomorpha halys; Trissolcus japonicus; Trissolcus halyomorphae; brown marmorated stink bug ID SCELIONIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA AB Trissolcus halyomorphae Yang syn. n. is treated as a junior synonym following examination of the holotype of T japonicus (Ashmead). C1 [Talamas, Elijah J.; Buffington, Matthew] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, NMNH,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Hoelmer, Kim] ARS, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, USDA, Newark, DE USA. RP Talamas, EJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, NMNH,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. EM talamas.1@osu.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 19 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2013 VL 33 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.3897/JHR.33.5627 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 207GQ UT WOS:000323587300007 ER PT J AU Gayomba, SR Jung, HI Yan, JP Danku, J Rutzke, MA Bernal, M Kramer, U Kochian, LV Salt, DE Vatamaniuk, OK AF Gayomba, Sheena R. Jung, Ha-il Yan, Jiapei Danku, John Rutzke, Michael A. Bernal, Maria Kraemer, Ute Kochian, Leon V. Salt, David E. Vatamaniuk, Olena K. TI The CTR/COPT-dependent copper uptake and SPL7-dependent copper deficiency responses are required for basal cadmium tolerance in A-thaliana SO METALLOMICS LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE ATPASES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TRANSPORT PROTEIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; METAL ACCUMULATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IRON HOMEOSTASIS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE AB Copper (Cu) homeostasis in plants is maintained by at least two mechanisms: (1) the miRNA-dependent reallocation of intracellular Cu among major Cu-enzymes and important energy-related functions; (2) the regulation of the expression of Cu transporters including members of the CTR/COPT family. These events are controlled by the transcription factor SPL7 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cadmium (Cd), on the other hand, is a non-essential and a highly toxic metal that interferes with homeostasis of essential elements by competing for cellular binding sites. Whether Cd affects Cu homeostasis in plants is unknown. We found that Cd stimulates Cu accumulation in roots of A. thaliana and increases mRNA expression of three plasma membrane-localized Cu uptake transporters, COPT1, COPT2 and COPT6. Further analysis of Cd sensitivity of single and triple copt1copt2copt6 mutants, and transgenic plants ectopically expressing COPT6 suggested that Cu uptake is an essential component of Cd resistance in A. thaliana. Analysis of the contribution of the SPL7-dependent pathway to Cd-induced expression of COPT1, COPT2 and COPT6 showed that it occurs, in part, through mimicking the SPL7-dependent transcriptional Cu deficiency response. This response also involves components of the Cu reallocation system, miRNA398, FSD1, CSD1 and CSD2. Furthermore, seedlings of the spl7-1 mutant accumulate up to 2-fold less Cu in roots than the wild-type, are hypersensitive to Cd, and are more sensitive to Cd than the triple copt1copt2copt6 mutant. Together these data show that exposure to excess Cd triggers SPL7-dependent Cu deficiency responses that include Cu uptake and reallocation that are required for basal Cd tolerance in A. thaliana. C1 [Gayomba, Sheena R.; Jung, Ha-il; Yan, Jiapei; Rutzke, Michael A.; Vatamaniuk, Olena K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Danku, John; Salt, David E.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Rutzke, Michael A.; Kochian, Leon V.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bernal, Maria; Kraemer, Ute] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Plant Physiol, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. RP Vatamaniuk, OK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM okv2@cornell.edu RI Danku, John/C-3477-2014; OI Danku, John/0000-0002-5103-3852; Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X FU Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station (CUAES) [NYC-125433] FX We thank Dr. Shikanai (Kyoto University, Japan) for providing A. thaliana spl7-1 seeds and Dr. Thiele (Duke University, USA) for providing S. cerevisiae strains. This work was supported by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station (CUAES) NYC-125433 Hatch Grant and Cornell Start-Up Grant both awarded to O.K.V. NR 79 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1756-5901 EI 1756-591X J9 METALLOMICS JI Metallomics PY 2013 VL 5 IS 9 BP 1262 EP 1275 DI 10.1039/c3mt00111c PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 206LD UT WOS:000323521400016 PM 23835944 ER PT J AU Mott, CL Bloomquist, CK Nielsen, CK AF Mott, Cy L. Bloomquist, Craig K. Nielsen, Clayton K. TI Within-lodge interactions between two ecosystem engineers, beavers (Castor canadensis) and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) SO BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE Competition; exploitation; habitat-service mutualism; semi-aquatic mammal; succession ID CONSPECIFIC NEST PARASITISM; AMERICAN BEAVERS; ECOLOGICAL IMPACT; SPECIES RICHNESS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PATCH-SCALE; BEHAVIOR; COMMUNITIES; BURROWS; HABITAT AB Ecosystem engineers are frequently observed to increase local biodiversity through their effects on resource flows. While promotion of successional processes and increased biodiversity may occur without direct interaction between ecosystem engineers and sympatric species, many cases exist where interactions are common. Under such conditions, it is unclear whether direct interactions serve to facilitate or inhibit coexistence of ecosystem engineers and the species attempting to use engineered habitats. We used remote videography within lodges of an ecosystem engineer, beavers (Castor canadensis), to quantify the taxonomic diversity of lodge use by non-beaver fauna and to characterize interactions between beavers and a second engineering species that commonly uses beaver-manipulated habitats, muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). Beaver lodges were used by eleven types of vertebrates and invertebrates. Although no increased aggression was displayed by resident beavers towards intruding muskrats, the temporally partitioned patterns of muskrats' and beavers' entrances and exits to and from lodges, respectively, and altered behavior among both species during cohabitation, indicates that lodge use by muskrats represents an exploitative behavior as opposed to a mutualistic or even commensalistic relationship. We hypothesize that the ecological similarities between these species promotes competitive interactions, and the observed relationship highlights the tradeoffs faced by ecosystem engineers wherein constructed objects intended to exclude competitors are simultaneously associated with habitat modifications that promote the persistence of those same competitors. C1 [Mott, Cy L.; Bloomquist, Craig K.; Nielsen, Clayton K.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Dept Zool & Forestry, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bloomquist, Craig K.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Chicago, IL 60638 USA. RP Mott, CL (reprint author), Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, 1500 North Patterson St, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. EM cy.mott@gmail.com FU Illinois Department of Natural Resources [W-135-R] FX We thank M. Bloomquist, L. Hillard, A. Nollman and L. Pratt for assistance in the field, and R. Bluett for technical advisement. This research was supported by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (Federal Aid Project W-135-R). All research on live animals was conducted in accordance with Southern Illinois University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol Sill No. 01-020) and complied with guidelines approved by the American Society of Mammalogists (Gannon et al., 2007). NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 57 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-7959 J9 BEHAVIOUR JI Behaviour PY 2013 VL 150 IS 11 BP 1325 EP 1344 DI 10.1163/1568539X-00003097 PG 20 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 204VL UT WOS:000323399300006 ER PT J AU Perkins, LB Blank, RR Ferguson, SD Johnson, DW Lindemann, WC Rau, BM AF Perkins, Lora B. Blank, Robert R. Ferguson, Scot D. Johnson, Dale W. Lindemann, William C. Rau, Ben M. TI Quick start guide to soil methods for ecologists SO PERSPECTIVES IN PLANT ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Review DE Soil sampling; Texture; Sterilization; Greenhouse; Nitrogen; Soil core ID BROMUS-TECTORUM; PLANT INVASION; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; CARBON; STERILIZATION; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; LIMITATION AB Increasingly biologists and ecologists are becoming aware of the vital importance of soil to processes observed aboveground and are incorporating soil analyses into their research. Because of the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of soil, proper incorporation of soil analysis into ecological studies requires knowledge and planning. Unfortunately, many ecologists may not be current (or trained at all) in soil science. We provide this review, based on our cumulative >60 years of work in soil science, to help familiarize researchers with essential information to appropriately incorporate soil analyses into ecological studies. Specifically, we provide a brief introduction into soils and then discuss issues related to soil sterilization, choosing a soil for a greenhouse project, sampling soils, and soil analyses. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Perkins, Lora B.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Blank, Robert R.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Ferguson, Scot D.; Johnson, Dale W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lindemann, William C.] New Mexico State Univ, Plant & Environm Sci Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Rau, Ben M.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Perkins, LB (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM perkinslb@gmail.com RI Perkins, Lora/C-3329-2016; OI Perkins, Lora/0000-0002-0689-4995; Ferguson, Scot/0000-0001-9228-6306 NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1433-8319 J9 PERSPECT PLANT ECOL JI Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 4 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.ppees.2013.05.004 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 203ML UT WOS:000323297200005 ER PT S AU Chen, GY Li, QQ Liu, GY Qin, F Du, Y AF Chen, Guoying Li, Qiongqiong Liu, Guyu Qin, Feng Du, Yue BE Tunick, MH Onwulata, CI TI Lanthanide-Sensitized Luminescence Instrumentation and Methods for Analysis of Tetracycline and Fluoroquinolone Residues in Foods SO PHYSICAL METHODS IN FOOD ANALYSIS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physical Methods in Food Analysis / Fall National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem Inc ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SPECTROFLUOROMETRIC DETERMINATION; QUINOLONE RESIDUES; MILK; OXYTETRACYCLINE; FLUORESCENCE; COMPLEX; PROBE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECTROMETRY AB Lanthanide-sensitized luminescence (LSL) is highly valuable for analysis of two classes of antibiotic drugs: tetracyclines (TC) and (fluoro)quinolones (FQ). In theory, efficient intrachelate energy transfer enhances LSL's sensitivity and specificity. In practice, time-domain measurement effectively rejects short-life spectroscopic interferences. To take full advantage of LSL, a portable luminescence spectrometer was developed and applied to analysis of TC and FQ residues in food matrices. Implementation of light emitting diode excitation and photomultiplier tube gating technique resulted in improved performance especially signal-to-background ratio. Two applications are demonstrated in this work: quantitation of oxytetracycline, the most prominent antibiotic in shrimp aquaculture, with 12.7 ng/g limit of quantification; and binary screening of four FQs registered in European Union in caprine milk: danofloxacin, flumequine, and enrofloxacin plus its metabolite ciprofloxacin at their maximum residue limits at 30, 50, and 100 ng/g, respectively. C1 [Chen, Guoying] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA USA. EM Guoying.Chen@ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2884-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1138 BP 49 EP 63 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BGK24 UT WOS:000323291900004 ER PT S AU Onwulata, CI Thomas-Gahring, AE AF Onwulata, Charles I. Thomas-Gahring, Audrey E. BE Tunick, MH Onwulata, CI TI Estimating the Glycemic Potential of Extruded Food Materials SO PHYSICAL METHODS IN FOOD ANALYSIS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physical Methods in Food Analysis / Fall National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem Inc ID RAPIDLY AVAILABLE GLUCOSE; IN-VITRO; DISEASE RISK; INDEX; OBESITY; WHEY; LOAD; EXTRUSION; DIGESTION; PRODUCTS AB Well-formulated snacks can play a positive role in enhancing health by providing essential nutrients, such as increased levels of protein and fiber, that can mitigate the growing metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. Adding whey protein concentrate (WPC80) and cashew pulp (CP) to corn meal, a major ingredient in extruded snacks in the U.S., or whole grains such as barley and quinoa, or cassava, can increase the amount of protein and fiber, and reduce overall carbohydrate content. The products discussed in this study, barley, cassava, corn meal and quinoa were blended with WPC80 (12.5 wt%) or with CP (12.5 wt%), extruded at a terminal melt temperature of 60 C, and fully cooked by baking at 205 C. The extrudates were analyzed for moisture content, glycemic potential, rapidly available glucose (RAG) determined after 20 min, and slowly available glucose (SAG) measured after 120 min, and confocal scanning laser microscopy. The glycemic potential of the different products was dependent on their unique starch properties; adding WPC80 with or without CP added minimal effects. The products' rapidly available glucose values or potential glycemic index were: quinoa (70%), barley (61%), corn (54%), and cassava (48%). Adding WPC80 with or without CP improved the RAG values for barley and quinoa, but not for cassava which increased from 61 to 77%. Adding WPC80 or CP had no effect on corn products. The RAG values were mostly predictive of each product's glycemic potential. C1 [Onwulata, Charles I.; Thomas-Gahring, Audrey E.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Charles.Onwulata@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2884-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1138 BP 65 EP 77 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BGK24 UT WOS:000323291900005 ER PT S AU Tunick, MH Onwulata, CI Cooke, PH AF Tunick, Michael H. Onwulata, Charles I. Cooke, Peter H. BE Tunick, MH Onwulata, CI TI Using Temperature Sweeps To Investigate Rheology of Bioplastics SO PHYSICAL METHODS IN FOOD ANALYSIS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physical Methods in Food Analysis / Fall National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem Inc ID WHEY-PROTEIN ISOLATE; EGG-WHITE; HIGH-PRESSURE; GELS; GELATION; EXTRUSION; GLUTEN; MICROSTRUCTURE; FUNCTIONALITY; MOISTURE AB The viscoelastic properties and microstructure of 20 g per 100 g solutions of calcium caseinate, egg albumin, fish protein isolate, soy protein isolate, wheat gluten, and whey protein isolate were determined under the same heating conditions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microstructural transformations indicative of changes in bonding that would be expected if the proteins were extruded. Values for elastic modulus (G') obtained from temperature sweeps from 24 to 70 degrees C showed that solutions of calcium caseinate, egg albumin, and soy protein isolate produced stronger and more ordered networks than solutions of the other three proteins. Activation energies (E-a) calculated from Arrhenius plots were highest for egg albumin, soy protein isolate, and wheat gluten, which undergo sulfhydryl-disulfide bonding when heated; the other proteins produce non-covalent bonds. The strength of protein bonds is determined by G' and information on the types of bonds involved is provided by Ea, enabling predictions to be made about the matrices obtained by processing at elevated temperatures. C1 [Tunick, Michael H.; Onwulata, Charles I.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Michael.Tunick@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2884-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1138 BP 89 EP 104 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BGK24 UT WOS:000323291900007 ER PT S AU Chao, KL Qin, JW Kim, MS Peng, YK Chan, D Cheng, YC AF Chao, Kuanglin Qin, Jianwei Kim, Moon S. Peng, Yankun Chan, Diane Cheng, Yu-Che BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging to Detect Contaminants for Food Safety Applications SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety V CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Contaminant detection; Food ingredients; Raman chemical imaging; Raman spectroscopy ID MELAMINE AB This study presents the use of Raman chemical imaging for the screening of dry milk powder for the presence of chemical contaminants and Raman spectroscopy for quantitative assessment of chemical contaminants in liquid milk. For image-based screening, melamine was mixed into dry milk at concentrations (w/w) between 0.2% and 10.0%, and images of the mixtures were analyzed by a spectral information divergence algorithm. Ammonium sulfate, dicyandiamide, and urea were each separately mixed into dry milk at concentrations (w/w) between 0.5% and 5.0%, and an algorithm based on self-modeling mixture analysis was applied to these sample images. The contaminants were successfully detected and the spatial distribution of the contaminants within the sample mixtures was visualized using these algorithms. Liquid milk mixtures were prepared with melamine at concentrations between 0.04% and 0.30%, with ammonium sulfate and with urea at concentrations between 0.1% and 10.0%, and with dicyandiamide at concentrations between 0.1% and 4.0%. Analysis of the Raman spectra from the liquid mixtures showed linear relationships between the Raman intensities and the chemical concentrations. Although further studies are necessary, Raman chemical imaging and spectroscopy show promise for use in detecting and evaluating contaminants in food ingredients. C1 [Chao, Kuanglin; Qin, Jianwei; Kim, Moon S.; Chan, Diane] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 303 BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9512-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8721 AR UNSP 87210S DI 10.1117/12.2018616 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGL84 UT WOS:000323438300018 ER PT S AU Lee, H Kim, MS Chao, KL Lefcourt, AM Chan, DE AF Lee, Hoyoung Kim, Moon S. Chao, Kuanglin Lefcourt, Alan M. Chan, Diane E. BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Development of fluorescence based handheld imaging devices for food safety inspection SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety V CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Fluorescence imaging; Handheld camera; Food safety inspection; Active illumination; Wireless camera ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; UNITED-STATES; SYSTEM; AUTOFLUORESCENCE; CONTAMINANTS; CARCASSES; ILLNESS; MEAT AB For sanitation inspection in food processing environment, fluorescence imaging can be a very useful method because many organic materials reveal unique fluorescence emissions when excited by UV or violet radiation. Although some fluorescence-based automated inspection instrumentation has been developed for food products, there remains a need for devices that can assist on-site inspectors performing visual sanitation inspection of the surfaces of food processing/handling equipment. This paper reports the development of an inexpensive handheld imaging device designed to visualize fluorescence emissions and intended to help detect the presence of fecal contaminants, organic residues, and bacterial biofilms at multispectral fluorescence emission bands. The device consists of a miniature camera, multispectral (interference) filters, and high power LED illumination. With WiFi communication, live inspection images from the device can be displayed on smartphone or tablet devices. This imaging device could be a useful tool for assessing the effectiveness of sanitation procedures and for helping processors to minimize food safety risks or determine potential problem areas. This paper presents the design and development including evaluation and optimization of the hardware components of the imaging devices. C1 [Lee, Hoyoung; Kim, Moon S.; Chao, Kuanglin; Lefcourt, Alan M.; Chan, Diane E.] ARS, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 303 BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM moon.kim@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9512-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8721 AR UNSP 872109 DI 10.1117/12.2018154 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGL84 UT WOS:000323438300006 ER PT S AU Qin, JW Chao, KL Kim, MS AF Qin, Jianwei Chao, Kuanglin Kim, Moon S. BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Development of a Raman Chemical Image Detection Algorithm for Authenticating Dry Milk SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety V CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Raman imaging; Food safety; Milk; Adulterant; Image classification ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; POWDERED MILK; QUANTIFICATION; ADULTERANTS AB This research developed a Raman chemical imaging method for detecting multiple adulterants in skim milk powder. Ammonium sulfate, dicyandiamide, melamine, and urea were mixed into the milk powder as chemical adulterants in the concentration range of 0.1-5.0%. A Raman imaging system using a 785-nm laser acquired hyperspectral images in the wavenumber range of 102-2538 cm(-1) for a 25x25 mm(2) area of each mixture. A polynomial curve-fitting method was used to correct fluorescence background in the Raman images. An image classification method was developed based on single-band fluorescence-free images at unique Raman peaks of the adulterants. Raman chemical images were created to visualize identification and distribution of the multiple adulterant particles in the milk powder. Linear relationship was found between adulterant pixel number and adulterant concentration, demonstrating the potential of the Raman chemical imaging for quantitative analysis of the adulterants in the milk powder. C1 [Qin, Jianwei; Chao, Kuanglin; Kim, Moon S.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Qin, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC East, Bldg 303,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jianwei.qin@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9512-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8721 AR UNSP 872102 DI 10.1117/12.2015258 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGL84 UT WOS:000323438300001 ER PT S AU Schmidt, WF Nguyen, JK Qin, JW Kim, MS Mookherji, S McConnell, LL Hapeman, CJ AF Schmidt, Walter F. Nguyen, Julie K. Qin, Jianwei Kim, Moon S. Mookherji, Swati McConnell, Laura L. Hapeman, Cathleen J. BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI DSC and Raman Spectra for alpha- and beta-Endosulfan plus 60/40 mixture SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety V CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Temperature-dependent; Raman Spectra; Endosulfan isomers; Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) AB The symmetrical beta-conformer of endosulfan has the identical chemical composition of the asymmetrical alpha-conformer, and both have very different melting/boiling points. The alpha- and beta-isomer however have markedly different Raman spectra at each of 50 degrees C, 75 degrees C and 100 degrees C. Moreover, the commercially available Raman spectra of the 60/40 (alpha-/beta-) mixture at the same temperatures is discrete from either a-and b-isomer alone. Previous research demonstrated that at a-boiling point 110 degrees C, beta-conformer partially converts to alpha-. DSC curves of mixtures suggest thermal interactions and conformational changes occurs in BOTH alpha- and beta-isomer at temperatures even 60 degrees C lower than the liquid/gas phase transition. C1 [Schmidt, Walter F.; Nguyen, Julie K.; Qin, Jianwei; Kim, Moon S.] USDA, EMFSL, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmidt, WF (reprint author), USDA, EMFSL, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9512-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8721 AR UNSP 87210R DI 10.1117/12.2018615 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGL84 UT WOS:000323438300017 ER PT S AU Seo, YW Yoon, SC Park, B Hinton, A Windham, WR Lawrence, KC AF Seo, Young Wook Yoon, Seung Chul Park, Bosoon Hinton, Arthur, Jr. Windham, William R. Lawrence, Kurt C. BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Development of classification models to detect Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium found in poultry carcass rinses by visible-near infrared hyperspectral imaging SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety V CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Pathogen detection; Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Typhimurium; Hyperspectral imaging; Agar media; Background microflora; Chicken carcass rinse ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SYSTEM; INFECTIONS; SEROGROUPS; QUALITY; KAPPA; ELISA; EGGS AB Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne disease outbreaks resulting from the consumption of contaminated food products in the United States. This paper reports the development of a hyperspectral imaging technique for detecting and differentiating two of the most common Salmonella serotypes, Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), from background microflora that are often found in poultry carcass rinse. Presumptive positive screening of colonies with a traditional direct plating method is a labor intensive and time consuming task. Thus, this paper is concerned with the detection of differences in spectral characteristics among the pure SE, ST, and background microflora grown on brilliant green sulfa (BGS) and xylose lysine tergitol 4 (XLT4) agar media with a spread plating technique. Visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging, providing the spectral and spatial information unique to each microorganism, was utilized to differentiate SE and ST from the background microflora. A total of 10 classification models, including five machine learning algorithms, each without and with principal component analysis (PCA), were validated and compared to find the best model in classification accuracy. The five machine learning (classification) algorithms used in this study were Mahalanobis distance (MD), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and support vector machine (SVM). The average classification accuracy of all 10 models on a calibration (or training) set of the pure cultures on BGS agar plates was 98% (Kappa coefficient = 0.95) in determining the presence of SE and/or ST although it was difficult to differentiate between SE and ST. The average classification accuracy of all 10 models on a training set for ST detection on XLT4 agar was over 99% (Kappa coefficient = 0.99) although SE colonies on XLT4 agar were difficult to differentiate from background microflora. The average classification accuracy of all 10 models on a validation set of chicken carcass rinses spiked with SE or ST and incubated on BGS agar plates was 94.45% and 83.73%, without and with PCA for classification, respectively. The best-performing classification model on the validation set was QDA without PCA by achieving the classification accuracy of 98.65% (Kappa coefficient=0.98). The overall best performing classification model regardless of using PCA was MD with the classification accuracy of 94.84% (Kappa coefficient=0.88) on the validation set. C1 [Seo, Young Wook; Yoon, Seung Chul; Park, Bosoon; Hinton, Arthur, Jr.; Windham, William R.; Lawrence, Kurt C.] USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Seo, YW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9512-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8721 AR UNSP 87210E DI 10.1117/12.2016336 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGL84 UT WOS:000323438300009 ER PT S AU Yang, CC Kim, MS Chuang, YK Lee, H AF Yang, Chun-Chieh Kim, Moon S. Chuang, Yung-Kun Lee, Hoyoung BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI The Development of a Line-Scan Imaging Algorithm for the Detection of Fecal Contamination on Leafy Greens SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety V CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral image; multispectral image; food safety; leafy greens; line scan; machine vision AB This paper reports the development of a multispectral algorithm, using the line-scan hyperspectral imaging system, to detect fecal contamination on leafy greens. Fresh bovine feces were applied to the surfaces of washed loose baby spinach leaves. A hyperspectral line-scan imaging system was used to acquire hyperspectral fluorescence images of the contaminated leaves. Hyperspectral image analysis resulted in the selection of the 666 nm and 688 nm wavebands for a multispectral algorithm to rapidly detect feces on leafy greens, by use of the ratio of fluorescence intensities measured at those two wavebands (666 nm over 688 nm). The algorithm successfully distinguished most of the lowly diluted fecal spots (0.05 g feces/ml water and 0.025 g feces/ml water) and some of the highly diluted spots (0.0125 g feces/ml water and 0.00625 g feces/ml water) from the clean spinach leaves. The results showed the potential of the multispectral algorithm with line-scan imaging system for application to automated food processing lines for food safety inspection of leafy green vegetables. C1 [Yang, Chun-Chieh; Kim, Moon S.; Lee, Hoyoung] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yang, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9512-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8721 AR UNSP 87210G DI 10.1117/12.2016030 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGL84 UT WOS:000323438300011 ER PT J AU Shi, XL Guo, RS White, BL Yancey, A Sanders, TH Davis, JP Burks, AW Kulis, M AF Shi, Xiaolei Guo, Rishu White, Brittany L. Yancey, Adrienne Sanders, Timothy H. Davis, Jack P. Burks, A. Wesley Kulis, Michael TI Allergenic Properties of Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Peanut Flour Extracts SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Peanut flour; Peanut allergy; Proteolysis; Inhibition ELISA; Western blot; Basophil activation test; IgE cross-linking ID ARA H 2; PLANT FOOD ALLERGENS; ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; EFFECTOR ACTIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; CLONING; MICE AB Background: Peanut flour is a high-protein, low-oil, powdered material prepared from roasted peanut seed. In addition to being a well-established food ingredient, peanut flour is also the active ingredient in peanut oral immunotherapy trials. Enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated as a processing strategy to generate hydrolysates from peanut flour with reduced allergenicity. Methods: Soluble fractions of 10% (w/v) light roasted peanut flour dispersions were hydrolyzed with the following proteases: Alcalase (pH 8.0, 60 degrees C), pepsin (pH 2.0, 37 degrees C) or Flavourzyme (pH 7.0, 50 degrees C) for 60 min. Western blotting, inhibition ELISA and basophil activation tests were used to examine IgE reactivity. Results: Western blotting experiments revealed the hydrolysates retained IgE binding reactivity and these IgE-reactive peptides were primarily Ara h 2 fragments regardless of the protease tested. Inhibition ELISA assays demonstrated that each of the hydrolysates had decreased capacity to bind peanut-specific IgE compared with nonhydrolyzed controls. Basophil activation tests revealed that all hydrolysates were comparable (p > 0.05) to nonhydrolyzed controls in IgE cross-linking capacity. Conclusions: These results indicate that hydrolysis of peanut flour reduced IgE binding capacity; however, IgE cross-linking capacity during hydrolysis was retained, thus suggesting such hydrolysates are not hypoallergenic. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Shi, Xiaolei; Sanders, Timothy H.; Davis, Jack P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [White, Brittany L.; Sanders, Timothy H.; Davis, Jack P.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Guo, Rishu; Yancey, Adrienne; Burks, A. Wesley; Kulis, Michael] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kulis, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 260 MacNider Bldg,321 South Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mkulis@email.unc.edu NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-2438 J9 INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM JI Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. PY 2013 VL 162 IS 2 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1159/000351920 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 196LZ UT WOS:000322778400003 PM 23921317 ER PT B AU Edwards, RT D'Amore, DV Norberg, E Biles, F AF Edwards, Rick T. D'Amore, David V. Norberg, Erik Biles, Frances BE Orians, GH Schoen, JW TI Riparian Ecology, Climate Change, and Management in North Pacific Coastal Rainforests SO NORTH PACIFIC TEMPERATE RAINFORESTS: ECOLOGY & CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Edwards, Rick T.; Biles, Frances] Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK USA. [Edwards, Rick T.] Monash Univ, Water Studies Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Edwards, Rick T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [D'Amore, David V.; Biles, Frances] Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK USA. [Biles, Frances] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Biles, Frances] US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Edwards, RT (reprint author), Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV WASHINGTON PRESS PI SEATTLE PA SEATTLE, WA 98105 USA BN 978-0-295-99261-7 PY 2013 BP 43 EP 72 PG 30 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Forestry SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BGI21 UT WOS:000323088200004 ER PT B AU Marcot, BG AF Marcot, Bruce G. BE Orians, GH Schoen, JW TI Concepts of Conservation Biology Applied to Wildlife in Old-Forest Ecosystems, with Special Reference to Southeast Alaska and Northern Coastal British Columbia SO NORTH PACIFIC TEMPERATE RAINFORESTS: ECOLOGY & CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, Ecosyst Proc & Funct Res Program, USDA, Portland, OR USA. RP Marcot, BG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ecosyst Proc & Funct Res Program, USDA, Portland, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV WASHINGTON PRESS PI SEATTLE PA SEATTLE, WA 98105 USA BN 978-0-295-99261-7 PY 2013 BP 168 EP 188 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Forestry SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BGI21 UT WOS:000323088200008 ER PT J AU Knight, SS Locke, MA Smith, S AF Knight, Scott Stephen Locke, Martin Anderson Smith, Sammie, Jr. TI Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices on Oxbow Lake Watersheds in the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain SO SOIL AND WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE limnology; management systems evaluation area; nutrients; pesticides; sediment; water quality ID PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; QUALITY; FLORIDA AB Agricultural lands are considered to be a major source of nonpoint source pollutants such as sediment, pesticides and nutrients in the United States. Conservation practices have been tested for their effectiveness in reducing agricultural related pollutants on smaller scales, but farm watershed scale assessments of these practices are limited and few of these have evaluated the impacts on downstream ecology. Several projects focused on oxbow lake watersheds in the Mississippi River alluvial plain were designed to utilize working farms to evaluate primary pollutants in water resources and to identify conservation practices that are most effective in reducing the transport of those pollutants in surface and ground water on a watershed scale. Major findings of these studies include: (1) conservation practices reduced sediment in oxbow lakes, resulting in improved water clarity, plankton growth, and fish stocks; (2) total phosphorus in lakes decreased between 39-50% following application of conservation practices; (3) conservation tillage and cover crops reduced NO3-N losses by 73%, sediment losses by 70; and (4) riparian areas mitigated the transport of sediment in runoff and enhanced the degradation of pesticides. C1 [Knight, Scott Stephen; Locke, Martin Anderson; Smith, Sammie, Jr.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Knight, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM scott.knight@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 29 PU CZECH ACADEMY AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES PI PRAGUE PA TESNOV 17, PRAGUE, 117 05, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1801-5395 EI 1805-9384 J9 SOIL WATER RES JI Soil Water Res. PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 BP 113 EP 123 PG 11 WC Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 198RW UT WOS:000322941000003 ER PT S AU Jenkins, EJ Castrodale, LJ de Rosemond, SJC Dixon, BR Elmore, SA Gesy, KM Hoberg, EP Polley, L Schurer, JM Simard, M Thompson, RCA AF Jenkins, Emily J. Castrodale, Louisa J. de Rosemond, Simone J. C. Dixon, Brent R. Elmore, Stacey A. Gesy, Karen M. Hoberg, Eric P. Polley, Lydden Schurer, Janna M. Simard, Manon Thompson, R. C. Andrew BE Rollinson, D TI Tradition and Transition: Parasitic Zoonoses of People and Animals in Alaska, Northern Canada, and Greenland SO ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY, VOL 82 SE Advances in Parasitology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ECHINOCOCCUS-MULTILOCULARIS LEUCKART; ALVEOLAR HYDATID-DISEASE; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII ANTIBODIES; CARIBOU RANGIFER-TARANDUS; BEARS URSUS-AMERICANUS; FRESH-WATER FISHES; COD GADUS-MORHUA; PSEUDOTERRANOVA-DECIPIENS NEMATODA; ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS-DIVERGENS; PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS AB Zoonotic parasites are important causes of endemic and emerging human disease in northern North America and Greenland (the North), where prevalence of some parasites is higher than in the general North American population. The North today is in transition, facing increased resource extraction, globalisation of trade and travel, and rapid and accelerating environmental change. This comprehensive review addresses the diversity, distribution, ecology, epidemiology, and significance of nine zoonotic parasites in animal and human populations in the North. Based on a qualitative risk assessment with criteria heavily weighted for human health, these zoonotic parasites are ranked, in the order of decreasing importance, as follows: Echinococcus multilocularis, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella and Giardia, Echinococcus granulosus/canadensis and Cryptosporidium, Toxocara, anisakid nematodes, and diphyllobothriid cestodes. Recent and future trends in the importance of these parasites for human health in the North are explored. For example, the incidence of human exposure to endemic helminth zoonoses (e.g. Diphyllobothrium, Trichinella, and Echinococcus) appears to be declining, while water-borne protozoans such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Toxoplasma may be emerging causes of human disease in a warming North. Parasites that undergo temperature-dependent development in the environment (such as Toxoplasma, ascarid and anisakid nematodes, and diphyllobothriid cestodes) will likely undergo accelerated development in endemic areas and temperate-adapted strains/species will move north, resulting in faunal shifts. Food-borne pathogens (e.g. Trichinella, Toxoplasma, anisakid nematodes, and diphyllobothriid cestodes) may be increasingly important as animal products are exported from the North and tourists, workers, and domestic animals enter the North. Finally, key needs are identified to better assess and mitigate risks associated with zoonotic parasites, including enhanced surveillance in animals and people, detection methods, and delivery and evaluation of veterinary and public health services. C1 [Jenkins, Emily J.; de Rosemond, Simone J. C.; Elmore, Stacey A.; Gesy, Karen M.; Polley, Lydden; Schurer, Janna M.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Castrodale, Louisa J.] Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK USA. [Dixon, Brent R.] Hlth Canada, Food Directorate, Bur Microbial Hazards, Microbiol Res Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Hoberg, Eric P.] ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Thompson, R. C. Andrew] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Simard, Manon] Makivik Corp, Nunavik Res Ctr, Kuujjuaq, PQ J0M 1C0, Canada. RP Jenkins, EJ (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. EM emily.jenkins@usask.ca OI Schurer, Janna/0000-0001-6122-5332 FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research NR 555 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 9 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-308X BN 978-0-12-407706-5 J9 ADV PARASIT JI Adv.Parasitol. PY 2013 VL 82 BP 33 EP 204 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-407706-5.00002-2 PG 172 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA BFV26 UT WOS:000321526300002 PM 23548085 ER PT J AU Urbanski, SP AF Urbanski, S. P. TI Combustion efficiency and emission factors for wildfire-season fires in mixed conifer forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, US SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FUEL BURNOUT MODEL; TRACE GASES; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; PRESCRIBED FIRES; TROPICAL FOREST; AIR-POLLUTION; AIRBORNE AB In the US, wildfires and prescribed burning present significant challenges to air regulatory agencies attempting to achieve and maintain compliance with air quality regulations. Fire emission factors (EF) are essential input for the emission models used to develop wildland fire emission inventories. Most previous studies quantifying wildland fire EF of temperate ecosystems have focused on emissions from prescribed burning conducted outside of the wildfire season. Little information is available on EF for wildfires in temperate forests of the conterminous US. The goal of this work is to provide information on emissions from wildfire-season forest fires in the northern Rocky Mountains, US. In August 2011, we deployed airborne chemistry instruments and sampled emissions over eight days from three wildfires and a prescribed fire that occurred in mixed conifer forests of the northern Rocky Mountains. We measured the combustion efficiency, quantified as the modified combustion efficiency (MCE), and EF for CO2, CO, and CH4. Our study average values for MCE, EFCO2, EFCO, and EFCH4 were 0.883, 1596 g kg(-1), 135 g kg(-1), 7.30 g kg(-1), respectively. Compared with previous field studies of prescribed fires in temperate forests, the fires sampled in our study had significantly lower MCE and EFCO2 and significantly higher EFCO and EFCH4. The fires sampled in this study burned in areas reported to have moderate to heavy components of standing dead trees and down dead wood due to insect activity and previous fire, but fuel consumption data was not available. However, an analysis of MCE and fuel consumption data from 18 prescribed fires reported in the literature indicates that the availability of coarse fuels and conditions favorable for the combustion of these fuels favors low MCE fires. This analysis suggests that fuel composition was an important factor contributing to the low MCE of the fires measured in this study. This study only measured EF for CO2, CO, and CH4; however, we used our study average MCE to provide rough estimates of wildfire-season EF for PM2.5 and four non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) using MCE and EF data reported in the literature. This analysis suggests the EFPM2.5 for wildfires that occur in forests of the northern Rocky Mountains may be significantly larger than those reported for temperate forests in the literature and that used in a recent national emission inventory. If the MCE of the fires sampled in this work are representative of the combustion characteristics of wildfire-season fires in similar forest types across the western US then the use of EF based on prescribed fires may result in an underestimate of wildfire PM2.5 and NMOC emissions. Given the magnitude of biomass consumed by western US wildfires, this may have important implications for the forecasting and management of regional air quality. C1 US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Urbanski, SP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. EM surbanski@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service Northern Rockies Fire and Aviation; US Forest Service Research and Development [08-1-6-09]; US Forest Service National Fire Plan [08-1-6-09] FX We thank US Forest Service Northern Rockies Fire and Aviation for supporting this research project with special thanks to our project pilot Eldon Hatch, Supervisory Pilot Michael Peitz, and Regional Aviation Officer Maggie Doherty. This research was supported by the Joint Fire Science Program Project ID 08-1-6-09, US Forest Service Research and Development and US Forest Service National Fire Plan. The views, opinions, and findings contained in these works are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as an official US Forest Service or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 94 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 14 BP 7241 EP 7262 DI 10.5194/acp-13-7241-2013 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 191XL UT WOS:000322448300031 ER PT J AU Michaletz, ST Johnson, EA Mell, WE Greene, DF AF Michaletz, S. T. Johnson, E. A. Mell, W. E. Greene, D. F. TI Timing of fire relative to seed development may enable non-serotinous species to recolonize from the aerial seed banks of fire-killed trees SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WHITE SPRUCE REGENERATION; MIXEDWOOD BOREAL FOREST; OF-THE-ART; PICEA-MARIANA; LODGEPOLE PINE; BLACK SPRUCE; CROWN FIRE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MOISTURE-CONTENT AB The existence of non-serotinous, non-sprouting species in fire regimes where serotiny confers an adaptive advantage is puzzling, particularly when these species recruit poorly from soil seed banks or from burn edges. In this paper, white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) was used to show how the timing of fire relative to seed development may permit non-serotinous species to recolonize burned areas from the aerial seed banks of fire-killed trees. To estimate survival of seeds within closed cones during crown fires, cone heating was simulated using a one-dimensional conduction model implemented in a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics fire behavior model. To quantify the area burned when germinable seed would be contained within closed cones during a mast year, empirical fire occurrence and seed development (germinability and cone opening) data were compared for multiple locations across the white spruce range. Approximately 12% of cones contained viable seed following crown fire simulations (0.072 ms(-1) mean spread rate; 9147 kWm(-1) mean intensity), and roughly half of the historical area burned resulted from fires that occurred when closed cones would contain germinable seed. Together, these results suggest that non-serotinous species may recolonize burned areas from in situ aerial seed banks, and that this may be an important cause of their existence in fire regimes to which they otherwise seem poorly suited. C1 [Michaletz, S. T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Michaletz, S. T.; Johnson, E. A.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Michaletz, S. T.; Johnson, E. A.] Univ Calgary, Biogeosci Inst, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Mell, W. E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Greene, D. F.] Concordia Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Environm, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. RP Michaletz, ST (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1041 E Lowell St,BSW 310, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM michaletz@email.arizona.edu OI Michaletz, Sean/0000-0003-2158-6525 FU Alberta Ingenuity; NSERC-Discovery; GEOIDE (GEOmatics for Informed Decisions); International Association of Wildland Fire FX The authors thank D. S. Phillips for high-performance computing assistance, K. B. McGrattan for FDS modeling advice, R. Poitras for assistance in preparing Fig. 2, J. Swann for identification of C. strobilella, and an anonymous referee for constructive comments during the review process. This research was enabled by the use of computing resources provided by WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada, and was supported by Alberta Ingenuity, NSERC-Discovery, GEOIDE (GEOmatics for Informed Decisions), and the International Association of Wildland Fire. NR 118 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 7 BP 5061 EP 5078 DI 10.5194/bg-10-5061-2013 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 189BT UT WOS:000322242700043 ER PT J AU Mooney, S Chen, LY Kuhn, C Navarre, R Knowles, NR Hellmann, H AF Mooney, Sutton Chen, Liyuan Kuehn, Christina Navarre, Roy Knowles, N. Richard Hellmann, Hanjo TI Genotype-Specific Changes in Vitamin B-6 Content and the PDX Family in Potato SO BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ACRYLAMIDE FORMATION; PROTEIN FAMILY; ABIOTIC STRESS; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENES; 5'-PHOSPHATE; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE; CULTIVAR AB Vitamin B-6 is one of the most versatile cofactors in plants and an essential phytonutrient in the human diet that benefits a variety of human health aspects. Although biosynthesis of the vitamin has been well resolved in recent years, the main research is currently based on Arabidopsis thaliana with very little work done on major crop plants. Here we provide the first report on interactions and expression profiles of PDX genes for vitamin B-6 biosynthesis in potato and how vitamin B-6 content varies in tubers of different genotypes. The results demonstrate that potato is an excellent resource for this vitamin and that strong natural variation in vitamin B-6 content among the tested cultivars indicates high potential to fortify vitamin B-6 nutrition in potato-based foods. C1 [Mooney, Sutton; Chen, Liyuan; Knowles, N. Richard; Hellmann, Hanjo] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kuehn, Christina] Humboldt Univ, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Navarre, Roy] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Hellmann, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hellmann@wsu.edu FU Washington State Potato Commission; [NSF/MCB-1020673] FX The authors would like to thank the Washington State Potato Commission and NSF/MCB-1020673 to HH for support, as well as Margaret Daub for providing the necessary yeast strain and technical advice for the vit B6 bioassay. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2314-6133 J9 BIOMED RES INT JI Biomed Res. Int. PY 2013 AR 389723 DI 10.1155/2013/389723 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 192JF UT WOS:000322479600001 ER PT J AU Guzinski, R Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Nieto, H Sandholt, I AF Guzinski, R. Anderson, M. C. Kustas, W. P. Nieto, H. Sandholt, I. TI Using a thermal-based two source energy balance model with time-differencing to estimate surface energy fluxes with day-night MODIS observations SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HEAT-FLUX; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; RADIATION; CANOPY; SOIL; EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VALIDATION AB The Dual Temperature Difference (DTD) model, introduced by Norman et al. (2000), uses a two source energy balance modelling scheme driven by remotely sensed observations of diurnal changes in land surface temperature (LST) to estimate surface energy fluxes. By using a time-differential temperature measurement as input, the approach reduces model sensitivity to errors in absolute temperature retrieval. The original formulation of the DTD required an early morning LST observation (approximately 1 h after sunrise) when surface fluxes are minimal, limiting application to data provided by geostationary satellites at sub-hourly temporal resolution. The DTD model has been applied primarily during the active growth phase of agricultural crops and rangeland vegetation grasses, and has not been rigorously evaluated during senescence or in forested ecosystems. In this paper we present modifications to the DTD model that enable applications using thermal observations from polar orbiting satellites, such as Terra and Aqua, with day and night overpass times over the area of interest. This allows the application of the DTD model in high latitude regions where large viewing angles preclude the use of geostationary satellites, and also exploits the higher spatial resolution provided by polar orbiting satellites. A method for estimating nocturnal surface fluxes and a scheme for estimating the fraction of green vegetation are developed and evaluated. Modification for green vegetation fraction leads to significantly improved estimation of the heat fluxes from the vegetation canopy during senescence and in forests. When the modified DTD model is run with LST measurements acquired with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the Terra and Aqua satellites, generally satisfactory agreement with field measurements is obtained for a number of ecosystems in Denmark and the United States. Finally, regional maps of energy fluxes are produced for the Danish Hydrological ObsErvatory (HOBE) in western Denmark, indicating realistic patterns based on land use. C1 [Guzinski, R.; Nieto, H.; Sandholt, I.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, W. P.] ARS, Hydrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Guzinski, R (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM rag@geo.ku.dk RI Nieto, Hector/C-8136-2009; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Kustas, William/C-2063-2015 OI Nieto, Hector/0000-0003-4250-6424; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; FU VILLUM FOUNDATION FX The work has been carried out under the HOBE project funded by the VILLUM FOUNDATION. We would like to thank the people maintaining the flux towers and analysing the flux data at both HOBE (Rasmus Ringgaard, Rasmus Jensen and Lars Rasmussen) and the AmeriFlux sites. We would also like to thank the reviewers for their constructive feedback. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 7 BP 2809 EP 2825 DI 10.5194/hess-17-2809-2013 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 190XE UT WOS:000322376000029 ER PT J AU Peters, MP Iverson, LR Matthews, SN Prasad, AM AF Peters, Matthew P. Iverson, Louis R. Matthews, Stephen N. Prasad, Anantha M. TI Wildfire hazard mapping: exploring site conditions in eastern US wildland-urban interfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Maxent; New Jersey; Ohio; Pennsylvania; predictive modelling; resource planning ID UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLE SCALES; FIRE; FORESTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; LANDSCAPE; REGIMES; MAXENT; INDEX AB Wildfires are a serious threat for land managers and property owners, and over the last few decades this threat has expanded as a result of increased rural development. Most wildfires in the north-eastern US occur in the wildland-urban interface, those regions of intermingling urban and non-developed vegetated lands, where access to firefighting resources can be limited. We created monthly wildfire ignition probability maps from environmental predictors and wildfires occurring between 2000 and 2009 for the states of New Jersey, Ohio and Pennsylvania. Predictor variables included a drought index, long-term soil moisture, percentage forest and wildland-urban interface classifications. Probability maps generated from modelled (Maxent) extrapolations were used to create monthly hazard maps to aid agencies and managers with resource allocation and likelihood projections of wildfires across the region. Our results suggest that monthly hazard assessments provide a better indication of potential wildfires than does a single mean annual probability. Our monthly predictions retain information related to long-term seasonal variability associated with environmental variables and the recorded wildfires providing spatial and temporal information for resource allocation. C1 [Peters, Matthew P.; Iverson, Louis R.; Matthews, Stephen N.; Prasad, Anantha M.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Matthews, Stephen N.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Terr Wildlife Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Peters, MP (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM matthewppeters@fs.fed.us RI Matthews, Stephen/D-1050-2012; Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X FU NorthSTAR FX The authors thank Mark Twery and NorthSTAR for funding, Mike Drake and the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry, Mike Bowden and the Ohio Department of Natural Resources - Division of Forestry, Rich Deppen and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Bureau of Forestry, and other agencies and organisations that provided data. We also thank those who have reviewed and commented on the manuscript. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 5 BP 567 EP 578 DI 10.1071/WF12177 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 189DL UT WOS:000322247200001 ER PT J AU Holloway, B Tarver, MR Rinderer, TE AF Holloway, Beth Tarver, Matthew R. Rinderer, Thomas E. TI Fine mapping identifies significantly associating markers for resistance to the honey bee brood fungal disease, Chalkbrood SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE honey bee; chalkbrood; MAS; marker-assisted selection; fine mapping; Toll pathway; immunity; Apis mellifera; Ascosphaera apis ID APIS-MELLIFERA; DROSOPHILA AB Chalkbrood infection of honey bee (Apis mellifera) brood by the fungus Ascosphaera apis results in fatal encapsulation of susceptible larvae with a mycelial coat. Recent QTL analysis indicates that some level of physiological resistance exists in individual larvae. We performed a fine mapping analysis to define the genetic interval that confers resistance in the larvae and identify the strongest association molecular markers that could by useful for marker assisted selection of the trait. Evaluation of the interval suggests that only two possible genes (single Ig IL-related receptor-like, XM_003251514.1 and juvenile hormone-binding protein, XM_391872.4) are likely to be responsible for the resistance. Both genes are strong physiological candidates and potentially function as modulators of the antifungal-specific innate immunity pathway in insects. C1 [Holloway, Beth; Tarver, Matthew R.; Rinderer, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Holloway, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM Beth.Holloway@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.3.04 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 191MZ UT WOS:000322418500004 ER PT S AU Manthey, JA Cesar, TB AF Manthey, John A. Cesar, Thais B. BE Patil, BS Jayaprakasha, GK Roa, CO Mahattanatawee, K TI Issues Surrounding the Anti-Inflammatory Actions of the Citrus Polymethoxylated Flavones SO TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS: FLAVORS, COLOR, AND HEALTH BENEFITS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Flavors, Color, and Health Benefits CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Div Agr & Food Chem, Denver, CO SP ACS HO Div Agr & Food Chem ID DAFLON 500 MG; VITAMIN P; PHOSPHODIESTERASE; PERMEABILITY; EDEMA; PEEL AB The polymethoxylated flavones in citrus have been evaluated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory actions in several animal assays. Strong anti-inflammatory effects were observed following administration of 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF) dissolved in vegetable oil by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, but neglibible action was detected following doses of HMF suspended as fine particulates in vegetable oil. This contradiction is shown to be a reflection of differences in the bioavailabilities of HMF following different routes of administration. Evidence of contrasting bioavailabilities among different PMFs is shown through comparisons of the pharmacokinetics of nobiletin and tangeretin administered in rats. C1 [Manthey, John A.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM John.Manthey@ars.usda.gov RI Cesar, Thais/I-4540-2013 OI Cesar, Thais/0000-0001-7878-7075 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2893-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1129 BP 159 EP 169 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BFX59 UT WOS:000321805500010 ER PT S AU Poulose, SM Shukitt-Hale, B AF Poulose, Shibu M. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara BE Patil, BS Jayaprakasha, GK Roa, CO Mahattanatawee, K TI Functional Role of Walnuts and Acai Fruits on Brain Health SO TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS: FLAVORS, COLOR, AND HEALTH BENEFITS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Flavors, Color, and Health Benefits CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Div Agr & Food Chem, Denver, CO SP ACS HO Div Agr & Food Chem ID EUTERPE-OLERACEA MART.; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; RANDOMIZED CROSSOVER TRIAL; BERRY JUICE BLEND; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AB Aging is a common risk factor for most diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, which are debilitating in nature and compromise the quality of life, in addition to being economically burdensome. Complete cures for these age-associated brain's diseases are still not in sight; therefore delaying or preventing the pathological manifestation of these diseases through enhancing the brain's endogenous defense mechanisms has gained research attention as an alternate approach. Fruits, nuts and vegetables packed with a multitude of phytochemicals, many of which have potent health benefits, are being actively pursued in this alternate approach. Anthocyanins and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to improve brain function by acting as antioxidant or anti-inflammatory agents as well as altering neuronal signaling mechanisms. Walnuts and Amazonian palm fruit (acai), are particularly rich in omega fatty acids and anthocyanins respectively, along with many other neuroactive phytochemicals. A review of the functional effects of walnuts and acai on brain health is presented here. C1 [Poulose, Shibu M.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara] Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Poulose, SM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM shibu.poulose@ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2893-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1129 BP 171 EP 187 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BFX59 UT WOS:000321805500011 ER PT J AU Kremer, RJ Souissi, T AF Kremer, R. J. Souissi, T. TI Phytotoxicity assessment for potential biological control of leafy spurge by soilborne microorganisms SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioassay; Cell-free culture filtrates; Deleterious rhizobacteria; Euphorbia esula; Fungal toxins; Phytotoxins ID PLANT-PATHOGENS; RHIZOBACTERIA; EUPHORBIA; WEED; BACTERIA; DISEASE; SOIL AB Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula-virgata), a native of Eurasia, is a serious invasive weed of western grasslands of North America. It is very difficult and cost-prohibitive to control with herbicides; control by insect biological control agents and cultural practices are minimally effective in suppressing vegetative growth and seed production. Current biological control of leafy spurge with pathogens is primarily with mycoherbicides, which require specific environmental conditions and repeated applications to be effective. Alternative biological control approaches using selected microorganisms to attack roots and adventitious shoots may effectively decrease vigor of leafy spurge without environmental manipulations to ensure control efficacy. Our objectives were to survey leafy spurge accessions and their native soils for associated microorganisms, and to assess these microorganisms for potential biological control. A proposed screening protocol, consisting of primary and secondary assays, effectively detected bacteria and fungi with high phytotoxicity toward leafy spurge. Primary lettuce seedling bioassays indicated that 62 % of rhizosphere and 54 % of endorhizal bacteria significantly (P = 0.05) inhibited root growth, causing necrotic lesions. Over 60 % of fungal isolates bioassayed on rice agar significantly inhibited root growth of lettuce seedlings. The most effective microbial isolates, based on primary bioassays, were screened directly on leafy spurge cuttings in secondary assays. Only intact cells of bacteria were detrimental to leafy spurge, indicating that host-bacterial contact was required for pathogenicity. Culture filtrates of 40 % of the test fungi caused complete chlorosis and leaf wilting. The most effective fungi originated from leafy spurge adventitious shoots. Results of the survey suggest that leafy spurge rhizospheres and adventitious shoots are potential sources of biological control microorganisms, which should be considered for inclusion in comprehensive management programs for leafy spurge. C1 [Kremer, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. [Kremer, R. J.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. [Souissi, T.] Inst Natl Agron Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. EM kremerr@missouri.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2013 VL 42 IS 4 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s13313-013-0203-5 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 185JS UT WOS:000321964500008 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S AF Goldberg, Sabine TI Modeling Selenite Adsorption Envelopes on Oxides, Clay Minerals, and Soils using the Triple Layer Model SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT CAPACITANCE MODEL; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ALUMINA ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ALLUVIAL SOILS; MOLYBDENUM ADSORPTION; ARSENATE ADSORPTION; SELENATE ADSORPTION AB Selenite adsorption behavior was investigated on amorphous Al and Fe oxides, clay minerals: kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite, and 45 surface and subsurface soil samples from the southwestern and midwestern regions of the United States as a function of solution pH. Selenite adsorption decreased with increasing solution pH. The triple layer model, a chemical surface complexation model, was able to describe selenite adsorption as a function of solution pH by simultaneously optimizing both inner-sphere and outer-sphere selenite surface complexation constants. The fit of the triple layer model to selenite adsorption by soils was much improved over that obtained previously by optimizing solely an inner-sphere selenite surface complexation constant and the protonation constant in the constant capacitance model. In this previous application, the deprotonation constant had been neglected; thereby, preventing the reactive surface hydroxyl group from deprotonating; a chemically unrealistic situation. The selenite surface speciation predicted using the triple layer model was in agreement with that obtained for other strongly adsorbing anions such as molybdate. Direct spectroscopic investigations of selenite surface configuration are needed to corroborate the species predicted by the modeling approach. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Sabine.Goldberg@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 25 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0205 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 182NO UT WOS:000321750500008 ER PT J AU Unger, IM Goyne, KW Kennedy, AC Kremer, RJ McLain, JET Williams, CF AF Unger, Irene M. Goyne, Keith W. Kennedy, Ann C. Kremer, Robert J. McLain, Jean E. T. Williams, Clinton F. TI Antibiotic Effects on Microbial Community Characteristics in Soils under Conservation Management Practices SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE GENES; SWINE PRODUCTION FACILITIES; VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CONTRASTING SOILS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; ORGANIC-CARBON; FILTER STRIPS; UNITED-STATES AB Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) administered to livestock are introduced to agroecosystems via land application of manure, posing a potential human and environmental health risk. Recent evidence suggests that agroforestry and grass vegetative filter strips (VFS) may act to mitigate VA transport or enhance VA degradation; however, VAs may adversely affect soil microbial communities within VFS and thus alter the primary functioning of the VFS. The objectives of this research were to investigate potential changes in microbial community structure and function and to quantify the development of antibiotic resistance in VFS and no-till soils exposed to various VA classes and concentrations. Laboratory mesocosms were established using soils collected from no-till cropland and two VFS (grass and agroforestry). Soils were treated with oxytetracycline or lincomycin (5-200 mg kg(-1) soil). Individual mesocosms underwent destructive sampling at nine time points during 63 d, and the soils were tested for soil microbial function (C-utilization, dehydrogenase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis assays), community structure (phospholipid fatty acid analysis), and antibiotic resistance. Functional assays associated with all VA treatments showed an initial inhibitory effect, but this trend was generally reversed by the seventh day. Shifts in microbial community structure and increased antibiotic resistance were not observed, suggesting that the soil microbial communities were robust to the effects of oxytetracycline and lincomycin at test concentrations. This work indicates that using VFS to mitigate VA loss from agroecosystems will not diminish important primary functions associated with VFS use in agriculture. C1 [Unger, Irene M.] Westminster Coll, Dep Biol & Environ Sci, Fulton, MO 65251 USA. [Goyne, Keith W.] Univ Missouri, Dep Soil Environ & Atmos Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kennedy, Ann C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [McLain, Jean E. T.] Univ Arizona, Water Resources Res Ctr, Dep Soil Water & Environ Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Williams, Clinton F.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Unger, IM (reprint author), Westminster Coll, Dep Biol & Environ Sci, 501 Westminster Ave, Fulton, MO 65251 USA. EM irene.unger@westminster-mo.edu FU Center for Agroforestry at the University of Missouri [58-6227-9-059]; USDA-ARS; USDA-ARS National Program 211, Water Availability and Watershed Management FX This work was funded through the Center for Agroforestry at the University of Missouri under Cooperative Agreement 58-6227-9-059 with the USDA-ARS. The work of Jean McLain was supported under USDA-ARS National Program 211, Water Availability and Watershed Management. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. We wish to thank Jeremy Hansen (USDA-ARS) for assistance with PLFA analyses; and Basanta Gurung, Akin Aytekin, Hassaan Sipra, Katie Wall (Westminster College), Laura Gosen, and John Gardner (University of Missouri) for their assistance with data collection and data entry. We also wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the quality of this manuscript. NR 79 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 47 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 100 EP 112 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0099 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 182NO UT WOS:000321750500012 ER PT J AU Oliveira, LF Scharf, PC Vories, ED Drummond, ST Dunn, D Stevens, WG Bronson, KF Benson, NR Hubbard, VC Jones, AS AF Oliveira, Luciane F. Scharf, Peter C. Vories, Earl D. Drummond, Scott T. Dunn, David Stevens, W. Gene Bronson, Kevin F. Benson, N. Ray Hubbard, Victoria C. Jones, Andrea S. TI Calibrating Canopy Reflectance Sensors to Predict Optimal Mid-Season Nitrogen Rate for Cotton SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEAF NITROGEN; IRRIGATED COTTON; CORN; FERTILIZATION; YIELD; PLANT; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; WHEAT AB Inadequate N supply can limit yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), while too much N can cause excessive vegetative growth and delayed maturity. Reflectance sensors offer the potential to diagnose N need and to translate this diagnosis into a variable-rate application of N in real time. Our objective was to calibrate canopy reflectance sensors to predict economically optimal N rate (EONR) in support of variable-rate fertilization. Nitrogen rate experiments were conducted on three soils in 2006 and 2007. Reflectance was measured with three sensors (Crop Circle, GreenSeeker, and Cropscan) at three growth stages (early square, mid-square, and early flower) and at three heights above the canopy (25, 50, and 100 cm). Economically optimal N rate ranged from 0 to 220 kg N ha(-1), suggesting that the need to diagnose EONR is great. Relative reflectance for all three sensors was weakly related to EONR at the early square stage but was related more strongly at the mid-square and early flower stages. Regression equations were not significantly different between mid-square and early flower stages, suggesting that a single equation could be used to translate reflectance measurements to N rates over this period. Relationship to EONR was best for all sensors when placed 50 cm above the canopy. For these stages and height, all three sensors were similarly related to EONR (r(2) = 0.59 to 0.62). These relationships could feasibly support successful variable-rate N applications to cotton. C1 [Oliveira, Luciane F.; Scharf, Peter C.; Hubbard, Victoria C.] Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Vories, Earl D.; Drummond, Scott T.; Benson, N. Ray] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dunn, David; Stevens, W. Gene; Jones, Andrea S.] Univ Missour, Plant Sci Div, Delta Res Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Bronson, Kevin F.] USDA ARS Water Management & Conservat Res Unit, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Scharf, PC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, 108 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM scharfp@missouri.edu RI hubbard, Victoria/N-8938-2014 FU Missouri Fertilizer & Ag Lime Council; Cotton Inc.; International Plant Nutrition Institute FX The authors thank the Missouri Fertilizer & Ag Lime Council, Cotton Inc., and the International Plant Nutrition Institute for providing financial support for this work. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0154 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 182NO UT WOS:000321750500019 ER PT J AU Wuest, SB Gollany, HT AF Wuest, Stewart B. Gollany, Hero T. TI Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen After Application of Nine Organic Amendments SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MATTER FORMATION; CROP-ROTATION; ARABLE SOILS; TILLAGE; MASS; DECOMPOSITION; MANAGEMENT; ADDITIONS; DYNAMICS AB The amount and type of C-containing amendments applied to soil can have an influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. To test the hypothesis that amendment type is more important than amount, we applied 250 g C m(-2) as manure, legume foliage, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue, municipal biosolid, wood sawdust, brassica (Brassica napus L.) residue, composted wheat residue, sucrose, and cotton linters to both fallow soil and an annual winter wheat crop for five consecutive years. After an additional 3.5 yr with no inputs and all plots being fallow, the SOC of biosolid, manure, and wood amended plots were significantly (P < 0.0001) greater than the unamended check. The application of biosolid increased SOC 492 g m(-2), and manure increased SOC 316 g m(-2), over the fallow check plots in the top 300 kg m(-2) of soil (approximately 0-25 cm). The increase in SOC relative to the check ranged from 0 to 39% of the amendment C applied. The SOC content was 482 g m(-2) greater under continuous winter wheat than under fallow. The amendment and wheat crop effects on soil C and N changed little during the 3.5 yr after treatments ended, indicating that decomposition occurred soon after application. Wood sawdust was unique in that it increased SOC even though it was low in N content, and it changed the soil C/N ratio from 12.3 to 13.4. This field research demonstrated that amendments applied at the same C rate can have variable effects on SOC accretion. C1 [Wuest, Stewart B.; Gollany, Hero T.] USDA ARS, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Wuest, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM Stewart.Wuest@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 34 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0184 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 182NO UT WOS:000321750500025 ER PT J AU Wuest, SB Lutcher, LK AF Wuest, Stewart B. Lutcher, Larry K. TI Soil Water Potential Requirement for Germination of Winter Wheat SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE STRESS; VAPOR TRANSPORT; SEED SIZE; TEMPERATURE; EMERGENCE; CONTACT; YIELD; RYE AB In semi-arid climates, seed is often sown into soil with inadequate water for rapid germination. Distinguishing between adequate and marginal water can be difficult. Planting decisions become increasingly complicated when one considers possible differences between cultivars. This study was designed to measure the soil water potential limits for rapid, adequate, and marginal germination of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Laboratory data showed that germination was rapid (3 to 4 d) in soil at water potentials above -1.1 MPa and slower (4 to 5 d) at water potentials that ranged from -1.1 to -1.6 MPa. Below -1.6 MPa, less than half of the experimental units achieved the cutoff criteria of 75% germination with 5-mm radical length within 25 d. Six cultivars varied in time to germination by an average of 0.34 d, and two randomly selected seed lots of each cultivar differed by an average of 0.20 d. We conclude that variation between seed lots may be as important as variation between cultivars when looking for seed with superior germination under marginal soil water contents. C1 [Wuest, Stewart B.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conserv Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Lutcher, Larry K.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Morrow Cty Ext Off, Heppner, OR 97836 USA. RP Wuest, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conserv Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM stewart.wuest@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 279 EP 283 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0110 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 182NO UT WOS:000321750500029 ER PT J AU Biondi, KM Belant, JL Devault, TL Martin, JA Wang, GM AF Biondi, Kristin M. Belant, Jerrold L. Devault, Travis L. Martin, James A. Wang, Guiming TI Bat incidents with US civil aircraft SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE airport; airport management; aviation hazard; bats; United States; wildlife-aircraft incident; wildlife strike ID STRIKES; AVIATION; RANKING AB Wildlife collisions with aircraft (hereafter incidents) threaten human safety and cause substantial economic loss. Although more than 97% of wildlife incidents with U.S. civil aircraft involve birds, damage is more than 4.5 times more likely to occur during a mammal incident (e.g., deer, canids). Bats are the only mammals with the potential to be struck by aircraft outside the airport environment (at least 152.4 m above ground). We examined the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) National Wildlife Strike Database from 1990 to 2010 to estimate the frequency of bat incidents with aircraft within the U.S. and the risk relative to other wildlife incidents. We summarized 417 bat incidents with U.S. civil aircraft. There were 10 bat species or species groups involved in these incidents; however, 68.9% were not identified to species. Most (85.7%) bat incidents occurred at Part 139 certificated airports that receive regularly-scheduled passenger flights with more than nine seats or unscheduled flights with more than 30 seats. More incidents occurred during August (28.3%) than any other month. Most bat incidents occurred at night (81.7%), but the greatest incident rate occurred at dusk (57.3%). More incidents occurred during aircraft landing (85.0%) than take-off (11.2%) or other phases of flight (3.7%). 'Minor' damage to aircraft occurred on only two occasions but no damage costs were reported. Incidents coincided with bat behavior, including diel activity, migration, hibernation, and juvenile recruitment. We conclude bat incidents are low risk to U.S. civil aircraft and have minimal economic effect on the U.S. civil aviation industry. C1 [Biondi, Kristin M.; Wang, Guiming] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Belant, Jerrold L.] Mississippi State Univ, Carnivore Ecol Lab, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Devault, Travis L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Martin, James A.] Mississippi State Univ, Agr Ecol & Carnivore Ecol Labs, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Biondi, KM (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM biondikm@gmail.com FU Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture at Mississippi State University; Forest and Wildlife Research Center at Mississippi State University; United States Department of Agriculture; FAA [DTFACT-04-X-90003] FX Our work was supported by the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture and Forest and Wildlife Research Center at Mississippi State University; United States Department of Agriculture; and the FAA under agreement DTFACT-04-X-90003. We thank B.F. Blackwell for reviewing a draft of this manuscript. Opinions expressed in this study do not necessarily reflect current FAA policy decisions regarding the control of wildlife on or near airports. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 1 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.3161/150811013X667984 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 179PH UT WOS:000321533300017 ER PT J AU Liu, ZJ Hunt, JF Cai, ZY AF Liu, Zhijia Hunt, John F. Cai, Zhiyong TI Fire Performance of Fiber Board Coated with Nano Kaolin-Clay Film SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Fire performance; Fiberboard; Recycled fiber; Kaolin clay; Phenolic resin ID RECYCLED CORRUGATED CONTAINERS; HEAT RELEASE; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS AB Fiberboard is a common interior material used both in China and the United States of America. The increase in demand for interior materials has raised concerns regarding combustibility of the materials. The pyrolysis characteristics of fiber, phenolic resin (PF), and nano kaolin-clay (NK) were investigated using thermogravimetry. The fire performances of samples coated with a mixture of NK and PF were determined using a cone calorimeter. The pyrolysis process of fiber included three phases dependent on chemical composition. The initial temperature of PF pyrolysis was about 100 degrees C and it stopped at 280 degrees C. The major mass loss of NK was observed between 400 to 600 degrees C due to the gradual oxolation of the metakaolin. In comparison with fiber board, samples coated with a mixture of NK and PF achieved a better fire performance. The results showed a longer TTI, lower HRR, and THR, and less CO and CO2 yield, especially from a mixture of NK (90%) and PF (10%). The application of an NK and PF mixture to fiber board as a flame retardant is an effective method for enhancing fire safety and resistance. C1 [Liu, Zhijia] Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. [Hunt, John F.; Cai, Zhiyong] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hunt, JF (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jfhunt@fs.fed.us; zcai@fs.fed.us FU 12th Five Years Plan-Study on manufacturing technology of functional bamboo (rattan)-based materials [2012BAD54G01]; Basic Scientific Research Funds of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan [1632012002] FX This research was financially supported by '12th Five Years Plan-Study on manufacturing technology of functional bamboo (rattan)-based materials' (Grant No. 2012BAD54G01) and 'Basic Scientific Research Funds of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan' (Grant No. 1632012002). NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 BP 2583 EP 2593 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 161IF UT WOS:000320185500043 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Bumgardner, M Sperber, M AF Buehlmann, Urs Bumgardner, Matthew Sperber, Michael TI How Small Firms Contrast with Large Firms Regarding Perceptions, Practices, and Needs in the US Secondary Woodworking Industry SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Secondary wood products industry; Small firms vs. large firms; Success factors; Planned investments; Hardwood lumber suppliers; United States ID ESTIMATING NONRESPONSE BIAS AB As many larger secondary woodworking firms have moved production offshore and been adversely impacted by the recent housing downturn, smaller firms have become important to driving U. S. hardwood demand. This study compared and contrasted small and large firms on a number of factors to help determine the unique characteristics of small firms and to provide insights into useful areas for support. Small firms were found to be similar to large firms with respect to the perceived importance attributed to manufacturing capabilities as a business success factor. However, small firms differed substantially from large firms in other ways, such as less attention to information seeking and planned investments. Small firms also tended to make greater use of distribution yards in the hardwood lumber purchasing value chain and requested fewer services from their hardwood lumber suppliers than did larger firms. Small firms were found to be keen on developing their marketing capabilities, including e-commerce, to further their information exchange with customers to successfully produce made-to-order products. Small firms considered the individual characteristics of company owners/managers to be a relatively important success factor to business, more so than larger firms. The results are summarized and discussed through the lens of small firm reliance on niche markets for survival (including fully made-to-order production) and their need to find new revenue during economic downturns. C1 [Buehlmann, Urs] Virginia Tech, Dept Sustainable Biomat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bumgardner, Matthew] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Sperber, Michael] Fachhsch Rosenheim, D-83024 Rosenheim, Germany. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Sustainable Biomat, 1650 Res Ctr Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM buehlmann@gmail.com FU Wood Education and Resource Center, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, U.S. Forest Service FX The work upon which this publication is based was funded in part through a grant awarded by the Wood Education and Resource Center, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, U.S. Forest Service. Thanks also go to university and extension cooperators in the study states, including Scott Bowe, Shawn Grushecky, Daniel Saloni, and Adam Taylor. Use of trade names in this article does not constitute endorsement of any product or service. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 BP 2669 EP 2680 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 161IF UT WOS:000320185500050 ER PT J AU Sammons, RJ Harper, DP Labbe, N Bozell, JJ Elder, T Rials, TG AF Sammons, Rhea J. Harper, David P. Labbe, Nicole Bozell, Joseph J. Elder, Thomas Rials, Timothy G. TI Characterization of Organosolv Lignins using Thermal and FT-IR Spectroscopic Analysis SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Lignin; FT-IR; DSC analysis; Organosolv; Multivariate analysis; Glass transition ID RICE STRAW; HEMICELLULOSES; BIOMASS; ALKALI; BLENDS AB A group of biomass-derived lignins isolated using organosolv fractionation was characterized by FT-IR spectral and thermal property analysis coupled with multivariate analysis. The principal component analysis indicated that there were significant variations between the hardwood, softwood, and grass lignins due to the differences in syringyl and guaiacyl units as well as the different processing temperatures and times used to isolate the lignins. Partial least squares regression revealed that the concentration of syringyl units was the foremost factor behind the variation in glass transition temperature (T-g) for each lignin sample. It was concluded that structural variations resulting from altering the processing time and temperature and the lignin species directly affect the thermal properties of the lignin. Therefore, by determining the thermal properties of a lignin sample, a basic understanding of its structure can be developed. C1 [Sammons, Rhea J.] Archer Daniels Midland Co, Decatur, IL 62526 USA. [Harper, David P.; Labbe, Nicole; Bozell, Joseph J.; Rials, Timothy G.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Elder, Thomas] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, New Orleans, LA 71360 USA. RP Harper, DP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dharper4@utk.edu OI Harper, David/0000-0003-2783-5406 FU United States Department of Agriculture Biomass Research and Development Initiative [67-3A75-5-22] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture Biomass Research and Development Initiative agreement #67-3A75-5-22. Thermal analysis was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Science at ORNL under user proposal CNMS2009-079. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 36 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 BP 2752 EP 2767 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 161IF UT WOS:000320185500056 ER PT J AU Yilgor, N Dogu, D Moore, R Terzi, E Kartal, SN AF Yilgor, Nural Dogu, Dilek Moore, Roderquita Terzi, Evren Kartal, S. Nami TI Evaluation of Fungal Deterioration in Liquidambar orientalis Mill. Heartwood by FT-IR and Light Microscopy SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Fungal degradation; GC-MS; Extractives; Morphology of wood decay; FT-IR; Liquidambar orientalis ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; WOOD DECAY; BROWN-ROT; BEECH WOOD; DEGRADATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; HARDWOOD AB The chemical and morphological changes in heartwood specimens of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. caused by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and the brown-rot fungi Tyromyces palustris and Gloeophyllum trabeum were studied by wet chemistry, FT-IR, GC-MS analyses, and photo-microscopy. According to GC-MS results, 26 extracts identified in the ethanol/toluene extraction and 17 in the ethanol extraction were found. Heartwood specimens of L. orientalis were highly susceptible to the fungi tested. While 1% NaOH solubility increased 35% in the specimen decayed by T. palustris, only an 8% increase was seen in the specimen exposed to T. versicolor when compared to the control specimen. Decayed wood by T. palustris showed a 5.5% increase in the Klason lignin content when compared to control specimens; however, the Klason lignin content decreased after a T. versicolor attack for 12 weeks. A T. versicolor attack in the cell walls was seen both from the lumina and from the cell corners, and the attack from the cell corners was mainly clear in ray parenchyma cells. An excessive destruction was detected in the wood structure attacked by T. palustris. The cell collapse was caused by a distortion in the plane of the wood cells. This extensive degradation was seen in all types of cell walls. Cracks in the cell walls were also detected in the specimens. C1 [Yilgor, Nural] Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Prod Chem & Technol, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. [Dogu, Dilek; Terzi, Evren; Kartal, S. Nami] Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Biol & Wood Protect Technol, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. [Moore, Roderquita] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Yilgor, N (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Prod Chem & Technol, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. EM yilgorn@istanbul.edu.tr FU Coordination Unit for Scientific Research Projects, Istanbul University, Turke [4436] FX Decayed test specimens were obtained from our previous study supported by the Coordination Unit for Scientific Research Projects, Istanbul University, Turkey (Project No: 4436). NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 BP 2805 EP 2826 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 161IF UT WOS:000320185500060 ER PT J AU Anning, AK Rubino, DL Sutherland, EK McCarthy, BC AF Anning, Alexander K. Rubino, Darrin L. Sutherland, Elaine K. McCarthy, Brian C. TI Dendrochronological analysis of white oak growth patterns across a topographic moisture gradient in southern Ohio SO DENDROCHRONOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Climate-growth relations; Dendrochronology; Integrated moisture index; Biomass increment; Quercus alba ID TREE-RING; DENDROCLIMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; SOUTHEASTERN OHIO; CONTRASTING SITES; RADIAL GROWTH; OLD-GROWTH; FOREST; USA; PRODUCTIVITY; RESPONSES AB Moisture availability is a key factor that influences white oak (Quercus alba L.) growth and wood production. In unglaciated eastern North America, available soil moisture varies greatly along topographic and edaphic gradients. This study was aimed at determining the effects of soil moisture variability and macroclimate on white oak growth in mixed-oak forests of southern Ohio. Using accurately dated and measured tree rings, we analyzed 119 white oaks growing across an integrated moisture index (IMI), a computer-generated GIS model that simultaneously combines topographic and edaphic features into a moisture index scale. Growth trends varied considerably across the IMI, with trees in mesic sites exhibiting patterns much different from those in either xeric or intermediate sites. BAI growth and biomass increments were higher for trees growing in the intermediate and mesic sites than those from the xeric sites. Correlation and response function analyses, and redundancy analysis revealed significant relations between ring-width indices and climate, with current year May-July PDSI, precipitation and temperature as the most important correlates of white oak growth. Additionally, climatic influences on growth rate were variable across the IMI; trees in xeric sites showed much greater coefficients relative to those from the intermediate and mesic sites. Despite these differences, xeric and intermediate trees exhibited similar growth patterns. The present results provide further evidence of the usefulness of the IMI for identifying and comparing white oak growth patterns across the complex, dissected landscape of southern Ohio. (c) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Anning, Alexander K.; McCarthy, Brian C.] Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Rubino, Darrin L.] Hanover Coll, Dept Biol, Hanover, IN 47243 USA. [Sutherland, Elaine K.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Anning, AK (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM aa208109@ohio.edu OI Anning, Alexander/0000-0002-9195-9924 FU MeadWestvaco FX We would like to thank Todd Hutchinson, Daniel Yaussy, David Hosack, Robert Ford, and Louis Iverson of the USDA Northeastern Forest Experiment Station in Delaware, Ohio for technical assistance and data collection. We are also indebted to MeadWestvaco for funding this project. A.K.A., D.L.R. and B.C.M. would like to thank the Department of Environmental and Plant Biology of Ohio University for institutional support. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1125-7865 J9 DENDROCHRONOLOGIA JI Dendrochronologia PY 2013 VL 31 IS 2 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.dendro.2012.10.002 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Plant Sciences; Forestry; Physical Geography GA 179RI UT WOS:000321538600006 ER PT J AU Olanya, MO Ukuku, DO Annous, BA Niemira, BA Sommers, CH AF Olanya, Modesto O. Ukuku, Dike O. Annous, Bassam A. Niemira, Brendan A. Sommers, Christopher H. TI Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens for biocontrol of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on spinach SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biocontrol potential; efficacy; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Pseudomonas fluorescens; dip inoculation; Spinacia oleracea ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; BACTERIA; FRESH; ANTAGONISTS; RHIZOSPHERE; INHIBITION; VEGETABLES; APPLES AB Control of foodborne pathogens on leafy green vegetables is crucial for consumer food safety. Biocontrol microbes may inhibit or suppress foodborne pathogen growth and enhance existing post-harvest intervention controls. The efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens for biocontrol of Escherichia coli O157:H7, a human pathogen, was determined on baby spinach. P. fluorescens strains 2-79, Q287, and Q8R-1 (non-pectolytic and non plant pathogenic) were applied on spinach using the dip inoculation method, prior to inoculation with E. coli O157: H7 strains 43894, 43895, and 35150 individually or as a cocktail mixture. The inoculated spinach was stored at 20 degrees C for 24 and 48 hours, and then evaluated for residual populations of E. coli O157:H7 using Restaino and Frampton E. coli O157:H7 chromogenic medium. In subsequent experiments, the effects of storage time (24 and 48 h) and temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C) on the efficacy of biocontrol were assessed. The reduction of E. coli O157:H7 by P. fluorescens was computed relative to the control. The mean reduction of E. coli O157:H7 by P. fluorescens ranged from 0.5-2.1 log CFU/g of spinach. The efficacy of biocontrol was significantly (P<0.05) affected by storage temperature as suppressive effects were greater at 15 degrees C (1.5-2.4 log CFU/g of spinach) than at other temperatures (<0.93 log CFU/g). As expected, the reduction of E. coli O157:H7 populations varied between storage times of 24 and 48 h. These results imply that when the ratios of biocontrol to pathogen is relatively equal, P. fluorescens could provide low to moderate reductions of E. coli O157:H7 populations on spinach. C1 [Olanya, Modesto O.; Ukuku, Dike O.; Annous, Bassam A.; Niemira, Brendan A.; Sommers, Christopher H.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Olanya, MO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PY 2013 VL 11 IS 2 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 184OC UT WOS:000321899900001 ER PT J AU van Genuchten, MT Leij, FJ Skaggs, TH Toride, N Bradford, SA Pontedeiro, EM AF van Genuchten, Martinus Th Leij, Feike J. Skaggs, Todd H. Toride, Nobuo Bradford, Scott A. Pontedeiro, Elizabeth M. TI Exact analytical solutions for contaminant transport in rivers 1. The equilibrium advection-dispersion equation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY AND HYDROMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Contaminant transport; Analytical solutions; Surface water; Advection-dispersion equation ID ZERO-ORDER PRODUCTION; TRANSIENT STORAGE; INSTANTANEOUS INJECTION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; 1ST-ORDER DECAY; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; AVERAGED CONCENTRATIONS; RIFFLE STREAM; HYDROLOGY 315; POROUS-MEDIA AB Analytical solutions of the advection-dispersion equation and related models are indispensable for predicting or analyzing contaminant transport processes in streams and rivers, as well as in other surface water bodies. Many useful analytical solutions originated in disciplines other than surface-water hydrology, are scattered across the literature, and not always well known. In this two-part series we provide a discussion of the advection-dispersion equation and related models for predicting concentration distributions as a function of time and distance, and compile in one place a large number of analytical solutions. In the current part 1 we present a series of one- and multi-dimensional solutions of the standard equilibrium advection-dispersion equation with and without terms accounting for zero-order production and first-order decay. The solutions may prove useful for simplified analyses of contaminant transport in surface water, and for mathematical verification of more comprehensive numerical transport models. Part 2 provides solutions for advective-dispersive transport with mass exchange into dead zones, diffusion in hyporheic zones, and consecutive decay chain reactions. C1 [van Genuchten, Martinus Th] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Mech Engn, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Leij, Feike J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Civil & Construct Engn Management, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Skaggs, Todd H.; Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. [Toride, Nobuo] Mie Univ, Fac Bioresources, Tsu, Mie 514, Japan. [Pontedeiro, Elizabeth M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Nucl Engn, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. RP van Genuchten, MT (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Mech Engn, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM rvangenuchten@hotmail.com RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 24 PU VEDA, SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES PI BRATISLAVA PA DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, 842 34 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0042-790X J9 J HYDROL HYDROMECH JI J. Hydrol. Hydromech. PY 2013 VL 61 IS 2 BP 146 EP 160 DI 10.2478/johh-2013-0020 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 178YF UT WOS:000321482600009 ER PT J AU Poole, T Sheffield, C AF Poole, Toni Sheffield, Cynthia TI Use and Misuse of Antimicrobial Drugs in Poultry and Livestock: Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance SO PAKISTAN VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Food animal production; Intrinsic and acquired resistance; Mechanisms of dissemination; Multiple drug ID HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; DIAPERINUS COLEOPTERA-TENEBRIONIDAE; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA SEROVAR; SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA METHYLASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; ANIMAL ORIGIN; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION AB Food safety begins on the farm with management practices that contribute to an abundant, safe, and affordable food supply. To attain this goal antimicrobials have been used in all stages of food animal production in the United States and elsewhere around the world at one time or another. Among food-production animals antimicrobials are used for growth promotion, disease prophylaxis or disease treatment, and are generally administered to the entire flock or herd. Over many decades bacteria have become resistant to multiple antimicrobial classes in a cumulative manner. Bacteria exhibit a number of well characterized mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials that include: 1) modification of the antimicrobial; 2) alteration of the drug target; 3) decreased access of drug to target; and 4) implementation of an alternative metabolic pathway not affected by the drug. The mechanisms of resistance are complex and depend on the type of bacterium involved (e.g. Gram-positive or Gram-negative) and the class of drug. Some bacterial species have accumulated resistance to nearly all antimicrobial classes due to a combination of intrinsic and acquired processes. This has and will continue to lead to clinical failures of antimicrobial treatment in both human and animal medicine. (C) 2013 PVJ. All rights reserved C1 [Poole, Toni; Sheffield, Cynthia] USDA, Agr Res, So Plains Area Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Poole, T (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res, So Plains Area Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Toni.Poole@ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 31 PU UNIV AGRICULTURE, FAC VETERINARY SCIENCE PI FAISALABAD PA UNIV AGRICULTURE, FAC VETERINARY SCIENCE, FAISALABAD, 00000, PAKISTAN SN 0253-8318 EI 2074-7764 J9 PAK VET J JI Pak. Vet. J. PY 2013 VL 33 IS 3 BP 266 EP 271 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 181WQ UT WOS:000321701200001 ER PT S AU Diez, JR Styles, DK AF Diez, J. R. Styles, D. K. BE Roth, JA Richt, JA Morozov, IA TI The Perspective of USDA APHIS Veterinary Services Emergency Management and Diagnostics in Preparing and Responding to Foreign Animal Diseases - Plans, Strategies, and Countermeasures SO VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS FOR TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Vaccines and Diagnostics for Transboundary Animal Diseases CY SEP 17-19, 2012 CL Ames, IA SP US Dept Homeland Secur Sci & Technol Directorate, Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, DHS Ctr Excellence Emerg & Zoonot Anim Dis, Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Food Secur & Publ Hlth, Inst Int Cooperat Anim Biol, Benchmark Biolabs, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, Pfizer Animal Hlth, Merial Ltd, World Org Anim Hlth, Int Alliance Biol Standardizat DE HPAI; H5N1; avian influenza; control strategies ID FMD VACCINES AB The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Veterinary Services (VS) is charged with monitoring, controlling, and responding to select reportable diseases and all foreign animal diseases. Emergency Management and Diagnostics (EM&D) oversees Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) preparedness and response. In order to effectively prepare for and respond to FADs, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease, VS develops plans, strategies, and policies to effectively combat an intrusion. USDA APHIS VS has made significant gains in preparedness and response planning. However, much remains to be done especially in surveillance, diagnostic tools, and vaccines. There are significant needs for novel medical technologies to improve diagnostic capabilities and offer additional approaches for FAD response. C1 [Diez, J. R.; Styles, D. K.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Diez, JR (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, 4700 River Rd,Unit 41, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM Jose.R.Diez@aphis.usda.gov; Darrel.K.Styles@aphis.usda.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-318-02365-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2013 VL 135 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BFV96 UT WOS:000321592800003 PM 23689880 ER PT S AU Gay, CG AF Gay, C. G. BE Roth, JA Richt, JA Morozov, IA TI Agricultural Research Service: Biodefense Research SO VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS FOR TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Vaccines and Diagnostics for Transboundary Animal Diseases CY SEP 17-19, 2012 CL Ames, IA SP US Dept Homeland Secur Sci & Technol Directorate, Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, DHS Ctr Excellence Emerg & Zoonot Anim Dis, Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Food Secur & Publ Hlth, Inst Int Cooperat Anim Biol, Benchmark Biolabs, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, Pfizer Animal Hlth, Merial Ltd, World Org Anim Hlth, Int Alliance Biol Standardizat DE vaccines; diagnostics; countermeasures; one health; stockpile ID DISEASE-VIRUS; MOUTH-DISEASE; FEVER VIRUS; SITE AB The National Animal Health Program at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), includes research programs dedicated to the defense of animal agriculture against the treat of biological agents with the potential of significant economic harm and/or public health consequences. This article provides a summary of the program and identifies its relevance to national initiatives to protect livestock and poultry as well as global food security. An introduction to setting research priorities and a selection of research accomplishments that define the scope of the biodefense research program is provided. C1 ARS, Off Natl Programs, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Gay, CG (reprint author), ARS, Off Natl Programs, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM cyril.gay@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-318-02365-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2013 VL 135 BP 23 EP 37 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BFV96 UT WOS:000321592800004 PM 23689881 ER PT S AU Hill, RE Foley, PL Clough, NE Ludemann, LR Mud, DC AF Hill, R. E., Jr. Foley, P. L. Clough, N. E. Ludemann, L. R. Mud, D. C. BE Roth, JA Richt, JA Morozov, IA TI Translating Research into Licensed Vaccines and Validated and Licensed Diagnostic Tests SO VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS FOR TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Vaccines and Diagnostics for Transboundary Animal Diseases CY SEP 17-19, 2012 CL Ames, IA SP US Dept Homeland Secur Sci & Technol Directorate, Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, DHS Ctr Excellence Emerg & Zoonot Anim Dis, Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Food Secur & Publ Hlth, Inst Int Cooperat Anim Biol, Benchmark Biolabs, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, Pfizer Animal Hlth, Merial Ltd, World Org Anim Hlth, Int Alliance Biol Standardizat DE Veterinary; Vaccine; Diagnostic; Emergency; Emerging; Regulatory; Disease; Licensing AB The USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB) has the regulatory authority to issue licenses and permits that allow the marketing of pure, safe, potent, and effective veterinary biological products. Under the standard licensing or permitting process, a manufacturer develops, characterizes, and evaluates a product prior to licensure. The CVB evaluates the submitted information, inspects the manufacturing facilities and methods of production and testing, and confirms key product test results through independent testing. This complete and comprehensive evaluation may not be possible during the emergence of a new animal disease or in response to an introduction of a significant transboundary animal disease agent. Processes are in place in the US that allow for more rapid availability of veterinary products in an emerging or emergency animal health situation. But, it can be advantageous to attain preapproval of products prior to their anticipated need. In this article, issues associated with obtaining approval for use of a biological product under emerging or emergency conditions are discussed. C1 [Hill, R. E., Jr.; Foley, P. L.; Clough, N. E.; Ludemann, L. R.; Mud, D. C.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hill, RE (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rick.e.hill@aphis.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-318-02365-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2013 VL 135 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BFV96 UT WOS:000321592800006 PM 23689883 ER PT S AU Wilson, WC Weingartl, HM Drolet, BS Dave, K Harpster, MH Johnson, PA Faburay, B Ruder, MG Richt, JA McVey, DS AF Wilson, W. C. Weingartl, H. M. Drolet, B. S. Dave, K. Harpster, M. H. Johnson, P. A. Faburay, B. Ruder, M. G. Richt, J. A. McVey, D. S. BE Roth, JA Richt, JA Morozov, IA TI Diagnostic Approaches for Rift Valley Fever SO VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS FOR TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Vaccines and Diagnostics for Transboundary Animal Diseases CY SEP 17-19, 2012 CL Ames, IA SP US Dept Homeland Secur Sci & Technol Directorate, Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, DHS Ctr Excellence Emerg & Zoonot Anim Dis, Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Food Secur & Publ Hlth, Inst Int Cooperat Anim Biol, Benchmark Biolabs, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, Pfizer Animal Hlth, Merial Ltd, World Org Anim Hlth, Int Alliance Biol Standardizat DE Rift Valley fever; diagnosis; detection ID MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; RAPID DETECTION; MOUTH-DISEASE; VIRUS; ASSAY AB Disease outbreaks caused by arthropod-borne animal viruses (arboviruses) resulting in significant livestock and economic losses world-wide appear to be increasing. Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus is an important arbovirus that causes lethal disease in cattle, camels, sheep and goats in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is concern that this virus could spread because of global warming, increased animal trade or through bioterrorism. This paper discusses the current and developing approaches to diagnosis of RVF. Diagnostic assays are available for RVF, but availability can be limited and there is a need for global harmonization. Continued improvement of standard serological and viral genome amplification approaches, including new embedded/syndromic testing, biosensor, emerging virus detection and characterization technologies is needed. C1 [Wilson, W. C.] ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Wilson, WC (reprint author), ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM william.wilson@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-318-02365-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2013 VL 135 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BFV96 UT WOS:000321592800008 PM 23689885 ER PT S AU Swayne, DE Spackman, E AF Swayne, D. E. Spackman, E. BE Roth, JA Richt, JA Morozov, IA TI Current Status and Future Needs in Diagnostics and Vaccines for High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza SO VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS FOR TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Vaccines and Diagnostics for Transboundary Animal Diseases CY SEP 17-19, 2012 CL Ames, IA SP US Dept Homeland Secur Sci & Technol Directorate, Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, DHS Ctr Excellence Emerg & Zoonot Anim Dis, Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Food Secur & Publ Hlth, Inst Int Cooperat Anim Biol, Benchmark Biolabs, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, Pfizer Animal Hlth, Merial Ltd, World Org Anim Hlth, Int Alliance Biol Standardizat DE Avian influenza; diagnostics; vaccination; vaccines ID EXPRESSED HEMAGGLUTININ PROTECTS; TRANSCRIPTASE-PCR ASSAY; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; OVO VACCINATION; CHICKENS; H5N1; H7; INFECTION; DNA; CHALLENGE AB Since 1959, 32 epizootics of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) have occurred in birds. Rapid detection and accurate identification of HPAI has been critical to controlling such epizootics in poultry. Specific paradigms for the detection and diagnosis of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry vary somewhat among different countries and industry compartments depending on specific needs and resources. Importantly, since HPAI and low pathogenicity (LP) Al of the H5 and H7 subtypes are reportable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), diagnostic procedures are implemented for regulatory purposes and are harmonized to some degree. Most current tests are adequate and have been in use for some time, therefore they have been well validated and presently there is no reported new technology that will completely replace the current tests. However, some modifications, updates or additional tests could be beneficial. The element of AIV diagnostics that is most in need of improvement is in determining the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtype specificity of antibody to AIV. Most HPAI epizootics have been eradicated using traditional stamping-out programs, but beginning in 1995, five epizootics have added vaccination as an additional, interim control tool. From 2002-2010, >113 billion doses of Al vaccine have been used in poultry; 95.5% as oil-emulsified, inactivated whole AIV vaccines and 4.5% as live vectored vaccines. The majority of vaccine has been used in the four H5N1 HPAI enzootic countries (China [91%], Egypt [4.7%], Indonesia [2.3%], and Vietnam [1.4%]) where vaccination programs are directed to all poultry. The 10 other countries/regions have used less than 1% of the vaccine, administered in a focused, risk-based approach. Some vaccine "failures" have resulted from antigenic drift of field viruses away from the vaccine viruses, but most have resulted from failures in the vaccination process; i.e. failure to adequately administer the vaccine to at risk poultry resulting in lack of population immunity. China, as the major AIV vaccine user, will drive innovation and commercialization of new vaccine technologies, but because of the low-cost to manufacture the current high quality inactivated whole AIV vaccines, such vaccines will continue to dominate the market for the next 10 years. C1 [Swayne, D. E.] USDA ARS, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-318-02365-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2013 VL 135 BP 79 EP 94 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BFV96 UT WOS:000321592800009 PM 23689886 ER PT S AU Afonso, CL Miller, PJ AF Afonso, C. L. Miller, P. J. BE Roth, JA Richt, JA Morozov, IA TI Newcastle Disease: Progress and Gaps in the Development of Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools SO VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS FOR TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Vaccines and Diagnostics for Transboundary Animal Diseases CY SEP 17-19, 2012 CL Ames, IA SP US Dept Homeland Secur Sci & Technol Directorate, Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, DHS Ctr Excellence Emerg & Zoonot Anim Dis, Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Food Secur & Publ Hlth, Inst Int Cooperat Anim Biol, Benchmark Biolabs, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, Pfizer Animal Hlth, Merial Ltd, World Org Anim Hlth, Int Alliance Biol Standardizat DE Newcastle disease; epidemiology; vaccines; diagnostics ID HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE PROTEIN; SHEDDING FOLLOWING VACCINATION; FUSION PROTEIN; PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; RECOMBINANT HERPESVIRUS; CLEAVAGE SITE; VIRUS FUSION; CLONED CDNA; CHICKENS; VIRULENCE AB Newcastle disease (ND) is a contagious disease of birds that can have severe economic consequences for poultry producers, including a serious impact on the international trade of poultry and eggs. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates are also called avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 isolates, but only infection with virulent NDV (vNDV) causes the disease. Virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) isolates are distributed worldwide and have a high capacity to mutate, allowing the development of multiple vNDV genotypes evolving simultaneously at different locations. Large gaps in existing knowledge in the areas of epidemiology and evolution limit the possibilities to control the disease. Recurrent infection of poultry and wild birds allows the maintenance of a reservoir for the viruses; however, the role of wild birds and poultry in vNDV evolution is largely unknown. In the area of diagnostics, the performance of fast and accurate diagnostics methods is often affected by the evolution of viral genomes. Therefore, there is a need for the validation of multiple recently developed experimental tests and a need to develop additional fast and inexpensive diagnostic tests to be used in the field. In the area of vaccination, the development of inexpensive thermostable NDV vaccines and the development of vaccines capable of preventing viral replication are the highest priorities for endemic countries. In countries considered free of vNDV the development of low-cost vaccines that produce minimal vaccine reactions to prevent decreased productivity are higher priorities. Worldwide, better strategies that replace the culling of infected birds are needed to control outbreaks. C1 [Afonso, C. L.] ARS, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, USDA, South Atlantic Area, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), ARS, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, USDA, South Atlantic Area, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM claudio.afonso@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-318-02365-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2013 VL 135 BP 95 EP 106 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BFV96 UT WOS:000321592800010 PM 23689887 ER PT S AU Ludi, A Rodriguez, L AF Ludi, A. Rodriguez, L. BE Roth, JA Richt, JA Morozov, IA TI Novel Approaches to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Development SO VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS FOR TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Vaccines and Diagnostics for Transboundary Animal Diseases CY SEP 17-19, 2012 CL Ames, IA SP US Dept Homeland Secur Sci & Technol Directorate, Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, DHS Ctr Excellence Emerg & Zoonot Anim Dis, Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Food Secur & Publ Hlth, Inst Int Cooperat Anim Biol, Benchmark Biolabs, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, Pfizer Animal Hlth, Merial Ltd, World Org Anim Hlth, Int Alliance Biol Standardizat DE vaccine development; foot-and-mouth disease; novel approaches ID EXPRESSING CAPSID PROTEINS; SUBUNIT VACCINE; FMD VACCINES; VIRUS FMDV; PARTIAL PROTECTION; SOLID PROTECTION; VIRAL CHALLENGE; CATTLE; SWINE; PIGS AB The need for better foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines is not new, a report from the Research Commission on FMD, authored by F. Loeffler and P. Frosch in 1897, highlighted the need for developing a vaccine against FMD and qualified this as a devastating disease causing "severe economic damage to the country's agriculture" [1]. Inactivated antigen vaccines have been available since the early 1900s and have been instrumental in eradicating FMD from parts of the world and repressing clinical disease in others. However, these vaccines require using live virulent FMDV for manufacturing, fail to prevent infection resulting in the establishment of carrier animals, require multiple vaccination schedules (every six months) and have limited coverage to the specific serotype and in many cases subtype of FMDV. Therefore, FMD vaccinology continues to be a very active research field. Research-based novel vaccine approaches over the last decade have resulted in at least one novel molecular vaccine being licensed for emergency use in the US and multiple other vaccine approaches being actively pursued as alternatives to current vaccines. Here we will review and update the main research efforts on FMD vaccines, including subunit and peptide vaccines, DNA vaccines, empty capsid vaccines (directly delivered or vector delivered), novel inactivated antigen production platforms and live attenuated vaccines. Each of these approaches will be discussed in terms of their safety and efficacy characteristics, product transition feasibility as well as their applicability to global control and eradication efforts. C1 [Ludi, A.; Rodriguez, L.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Rodriguez, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, New York, NY USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-318-02365-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2013 VL 135 BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BFV96 UT WOS:000321592800011 PM 23689888 ER PT J AU Di Noia, J Thompson, D Woods, L AF Di Noia, Jennifer Thompson, Debbe Woods, LaKeesha TI A New Measure of Dietary Social Support Among African American Adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE adolescents; African Americans; social support; fruits; vegetables ID LOW-INCOME FAMILIES; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; BLACK-ADOLESCENTS; FOOD PREPARATION; FAT INTAKE; SELF-CARE; FRUIT; BEHAVIORS; ASSOCIATIONS; CHILDREN AB Objective: To develop and evaluate a measure of social support for fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption among economically disadvantaged African American adolescents. Methods: Focus groups (N = 30) and pilot testing procedures (N = 17) were used to develop and pretest questionnaire items. Item, reliability, and validity analyses were conducted in a separate sample of 93 youth. Results: The measure was internally consistent (Cronbach alpha = .93) and valid, as evidenced by significant correlations found with construct (diet-specific family support) and criterion (FV consumption) measures. Conclusion: The measure is a promising method for assessing social support for FV consumption in this population. C1 [Di Noia, Jennifer] William Paterson Univ, Dept Sociol, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. [Thompson, Debbe] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Woods, LaKeesha] Community Sci, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Di Noia, J (reprint author), William Paterson Univ, Dept Sociol, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. EM dinoiaj@wpunj.edu NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 9 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI OAK RIDGE PA 2205-K OAK RIDGE RD, #115, OAK RIDGE, NC 27310 USA SN 1945-7359 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PY 2013 VL 37 IS 3 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.5993/AJHB.37.3.2 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175ES UT WOS:000321214000002 PM 23985176 ER PT J AU Kreye, JK Kobziar, LN Zipperer, WC AF Kreye, Jesse K. Kobziar, Leda N. Zipperer, Wayne C. TI Effects of fuel load and moisture content on fire behaviour and heating in masticated litter-dominated fuels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire hazard reduction; flammability; mechanical fuel treatment; pine flatwoods; saw palmetto ID TEMPERATURES; REDUCTION AB Mechanical fuels treatments are being used in fire-prone ecosystems where fuel loading poses a hazard, yet little research elucidating subsequent fire behaviour exists, especially in litter-dominated fuelbeds. To address this deficiency, we burned constructed fuelbeds from masticated sites in pine flatwoods forests in northern Florida with palmetto-dominated understoreys and examined the effects of fuel load and fuel moisture content (FMC) on fire behaviour. Flame lengths (49-140 cm) and fireline intensity (183-773 kJ m(-1) s(-1)) increased with loading (10-30 Mg ha(-1)) and were reduced by 40 and 47% with increasing FMC from 9 to 13%. Rate of spread was not influenced by fuel load, but doubled under drier FMC. Fuel consumption was >90% for all burns. Soil temperatures were influenced by both fuel load and FMC, but never reached lethal temperatures (60 degrees C). However, temperatures of thermocouple probes placed at the fuelbed surface reached 274-503 degrees C. Probe maximum temperature and duration at temperatures >= 60 degrees C (9.5-20.0 degrees C min) both increased with fuel load, but were unaffected by FMC. The fire behaviour observed in these unique litter-dominated fuelbeds provides additional insight into the burning characteristics of masticated fuels in general. C1 [Kreye, Jesse K.; Kobziar, Leda N.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zipperer, Wayne C.] US Forest Serv, Gainesville, FL 23611 USA. RP Kreye, JK (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jkreye@ufl.edu FU USDA Forest Service Interface South Center; Joint Fire Science Program FX Funding for this work was provided by the USDA Forest Service Interface South Center and the Joint Fire Science Program. Thanks to the Osceola National Forest personnel for conducting the fuel treatment projects and providing support for research activities. The University of Florida Austin Cary Memorial Forest manager, Dan Schultz, was essential for the fire experiments. Special thanks to research technicians James Camp, David Godwin, Eric Carvalho, Dawn McKinstry, Melissa Kreye, Gary Johns and Peter Nolin who assisted in collection of fuels or the implementation of the burning experiments. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.1071/WF12147 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 168SK UT WOS:000320725800003 ER PT J AU Salis, M Ager, AA Arca, B Finney, MA Bacciu, V Duce, P Spano, D AF Salis, Michele Ager, Alan A. Arca, Bachisio Finney, Mark A. Bacciu, Valentina Duce, Pierpaolo Spano, Donatella TI Assessing exposure of human and ecological values to wildfire in Sardinia, Italy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID FIRE RISK; FUEL TREATMENTS; PORTUGAL; BEHAVIOR; SPREAD; PATTERNS; IGNITION; SHRUBLANDS; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA AB We used simulation modelling to analyse spatial variation in wildfire exposure relative to key social and economic features on the island of Sardinia, Italy. Sardinia contains a high density of urban interfaces, recreational values and highly valued agricultural areas that are increasingly being threatened by severe wildfires. Historical fire data and wildfire simulations were used to estimate burn probabilities, flame length and fire size. We examined how these risk factors varied among and within highly valued features located on the island. Estimates of burn probability excluding non-burnable fuels, ranged from 0-1.92 x 10(-3), with a mean value of 6.48 x 10(-5). Spatial patterns in modelled outputs were strongly related to fuel loadings, although topographic and other influences were apparent. Wide variation was observed among the land parcels for all the key values, providing a quantitative approach to inform wildfire risk management activities. C1 [Salis, Michele; Spano, Donatella] Univ Sassari, Dept Sci Nat & Environm Resources DIPNET, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Salis, Michele; Bacciu, Valentina; Spano, Donatella] Euromediterranean Ctr Climate Changes CMCC, IAFENT Div, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Ager, Alan A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. [Arca, Bachisio; Duce, Pierpaolo] CNR, Inst Biometeorol IBIMET, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Finney, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Salis, M (reprint author), Univ Sassari, Dept Sci Nat & Environm Resources DIPNET, Via Enrico De Nicola 9, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. EM miksalis@uniss.it RI Duce, Pierpaolo/B-7634-2015 OI Duce, Pierpaolo/0000-0002-5011-2903 FU European Union ITALIA-FRANCIA Marittimo Project 'Proterina-C'; GEMINA Project (MIUR/MATTM) [232/2011]; FUME Project [243888] FX The authors thank the Forest Service of Sardinia for collaboration in this study. This work was partially funded by the European Union ITALIA-FRANCIA Marittimo (2007-2013) Project 'Proterina-C', by the GEMINA Project (MIUR/MATTM number 232/2011) and by the FUME Project (FP7/2007-2013, Grant Agreement 243888). NR 76 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 549 EP 565 DI 10.1071/WF11060 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 168SK UT WOS:000320725800013 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Mastrangelo, C Chase, L Kestenbaum, D Kolodinsky, J AF Anderson, Laura Mastrangelo, Cristina Chase, Lisa Kestenbaum, David Kolodinsky, Jane TI Eco-labeling motorcoach operators in the North American travel tour industry: analyzing the role of tour operators SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM LA English DT Article DE tour operators; bus travel; eco-labeling; green consumers; certification ID ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY; RESPONSE RATES; CORPORATE AB Tourist transportation is a major contributor of emissions and environmental pollutants. Eco-labels can encourage more sustainable tourism by informing consumers' purchasing decisions, while utilizing market forces to initiate environmental responsibility among competing firms. The Green Coach Certification pilot eco-label program was introduced to the motorcoach industry in 2009 as part of a university research program. Although the literature addresses relationships between end-user consumers and eco-labels, little research has been published on mid-supply chain actors and tourism eco-labels. Tour operators are intermediaries between end-users and motorcoach operators and are important potential consumers of eco-labeled transportation services. To understand the role of tour companies as both consumers and providers of green services and eco-labeled products, a survey was administered to North American tour operators. Results demonstrate tour operator interest in a tourism transportation eco-label; however, this interest may be secondary to traditional considerations like price, reputation for safety and service, and previous partnerships. Ninety percent of tour operators indicated that environmental practices held some importance when choosing a transportation provider; approximately 50% said they would pay between 1% and 5% more for an eco-labeled coach company. Findings have important implications for the design and implementation of eco-labeling programs for sustainable tourism and transportation. C1 [Anderson, Laura] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Mastrangelo, Cristina] US Forest Serv, Bend, OR USA. [Chase, Lisa] Univ Vermont Extens, Brattleboro, VT USA. [Kestenbaum, David] Univ Vermont Extens, Colchester, VT USA. [Kolodinsky, Jane] Univ Vermont, Dept Community Dev & Appl Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM landers2@uvm.edu NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS PI CLEVEDON PA FRANKFURT LODGE, CLEVEDON HALL, VICTORIA ROAD, CLEVEDON, BS21 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0966-9582 J9 J SUSTAIN TOUR JI J. Sustain. Tour. PY 2013 VL 21 IS 5 BP 750 EP 764 DI 10.1080/09669582.2012.709859 PG 15 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 171KD UT WOS:000320925100007 ER PT J AU Hu, LJ Guo, QF AF Hu, Liangjun Guo, Qinfeng TI What Does Productivity Really Mean? Towards an Integrative Paradigm in the Search for Biodiversity-Productivity Relationships SO NOTULAE BOTANICAE HORTI AGROBOTANICI CLUJ-NAPOCA LA English DT Article DE biodiversity-ecosystem functioning; pathway; plant-plant interaction; sampling effect; scale; species richness ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; DIVERSITY RELATIONSHIPS; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; MICROCOSM EXPERIMENT; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; SCALE-DEPENDENCE; SPATIAL SCALE AB How species diversity relates to productivity remains a major debate. To date, however, the underlying mechanisms that regulate the ecological processes involved are still poorly understood. Three major issues persist in early efforts at resolution. First, in the context that productivity drives species diversity, how the pathways operate is poorly-explained. Second, productivity per se varies with community or ecosystem maturity. If diversity indeed drives productivity, the criterion of choosing appropriate measures for productivity is not available. Third, spatial scaling suggests that sampling based on small-plots may not be suitable for formulating species richness-productivity relationships (SRPRs). Thus, the long-standing assumption simply linking diversity with productivity and pursuing a generalizing pattern may not be robust. We argue that productivity, though defined as 'the rate of biomass production', has been measured in two ways environmental surrogates and biomass production leading to misinterpretations and difficulty in the pursuit of generalizable SRPRs. To tackle these issues, we developed an integrative theoretical paradigm encompassing richer biological and physical contexts and clearly reconciling the major processes of the systems, using proper productivity measures and sampling units. We conclude that loose interpretation and confounding measures of productivity may be the real root of current SRPR inconsistencies and debate. C1 [Hu, Liangjun] NE Normal Univ, MOE Key Lab Vegetat Ecol Sci, Changchun 130021, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Guo, Qinfeng] USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Hu, LJ (reprint author), NE Normal Univ, MOE Key Lab Vegetat Ecol Sci, 5268 Renmin St,Life Sci Bldg, Changchun 130021, Jilin, Peoples R China. EM hulj068@gmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41071189]; Jilin Provincial Personnel Affairs Services programme for Sci-Tech Innovation Activities by Talents with Overseas Study Record; Jilin Provincial Sci-Tech Services International Joint Research programme [20090713]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China programme (grant No. 41071189), the Jilin Provincial Personnel Affairs Services programme for Sci-Tech Innovation Activities by Talents with Overseas Study Record, and the Jilin Provincial Sci-Tech Services International Joint Research programme (grant No. 20090713). Thanks are also owed to China Scholarship Council (CSC) for supporting this one-year visiting research project at Purdue University, and to Chi-Hua Huang for hosting LJH to initiate this research at the USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU UNIV AGR SCI & VETERINARY MED CLUJ-NAPOCA PI CLUJ-NAPOCA PA 3-5 MANASTUR ST, CLUJ-NAPOCA, 400372, ROMANIA SN 0255-965X J9 NOT BOT HORTI AGROBO JI Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Na. PD JAN-JUN PY 2013 VL 41 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 160SR UT WOS:000320141300005 ER PT J AU Swanson, FJ Jones, JA Crisafulli, CM Lara, A AF Swanson, Frederick J. Jones, Julia A. Crisafulli, Charles M. Lara, Antonio TI Effects of volcanic and hydrologic processes on forest vegetation: Chaiten Volcano, Chile SO ANDEAN GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Environmental impacts; Vegetation response; Natural resource impacts; Ecological disturbance; Landscape ecology ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; TEPHRA DEPOSITION; ABIES-AMABILIS; MERAPI VOLCANO; ERUPTION; SCALE; JAVA AB The 2008-2009 eruption of Chaiten Volcano (Chile) involved a variety of volcanic and associated hydrologic processes that damaged nearby forests. These processes included coarse (gravel) and fine (silt to sand) tephra fall, a laterally directed blast, fluvial deposition of remobilized tephra, a variety of low-temperature mass-movement processes, and a pyroclastic flow. Each of these geophysical processes constitutes a type of ecosystem disturbance which involves a distinctive suite of disturbance mechanisms, namely burial by tephra and sediment, heating, abrasion, impact force, and canopy loading (accumulation of tephra in tree crowns). Each process affected specific areas, and created patches and disturbance gradients in the forest landscape. Coarse tephra ('gravel rain', >5 cm depth) abraded foliage from tree canopies over an area of approximately 50 km(2) north-northeast of the vent. Fine tephra (>10 cm depth) accumulated in tree crowns and led to breakage of branches in old forest and bowing of flexible, young trees over an area of about 480 km(2). A directed blast down the north flank of the volcano damaged forest over an area of 4 km(2). This blast zone included an area of tree removal near the crater rim, toppled forest farther down the slope, and standing, scorched forest around the blast perimeter. Fluvial deposition of >100 cm of remobilized tephra, beginning about 10 days after initiation of the eruption, buried floodplain forest in distinct, elongate streamside patches covering 5 km(2) of the lower 19 km of the Rayas River and several km(2) of the lower Chaiten River. Across this array of disturbance processes the fate of affected trees varied from complete mortality in the tree removal and pyroclastic flow areas, to no mortality in areas of thin tephra fall deposits. Tree damage included defoliation, loss of branches, snapping of tree trunks, abrasion of bark and ephiphytes, and uprooting. Damaged trees sprouted from epicormic buds located in trunks and branches, but sprouting varied over time among disturbance mechanisms and species. Although some effects of the Chaiten eruption are very similar to those from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (USA), interactions between biota and geophysical processes at Chaiten produced some unique effects. Examination of vegetation response helps interpret geophysical processes, and disturbance mechanisms influence early stages of biotic response to an eruption. C1 [Swanson, Frederick J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Julia A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Crisafulli, Charles M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Lara, Antonio] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Recursos Nat, Valdivia, Chile. RP Swanson, FJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fred.swanson@oregonstate.edu; geojulia@comcast.net; ccrisafulli@fs.fed.us; antoniolara@uach.edu FU United States Forest Service International Programs; Pacific Northwest Research Station; National Science Foundation [NSF 0917697, NSF 0823380] FX We thank M. Gonzalez (Universidad Austral de Chile) for ecological perspectives, N. LaPenna (Chaitur, Chaiten) for great help with field operations, D. Guzman (Pumalin Park) for access and information, N. Carrasco (Universidad Austral de Chile) for technical advice during field studies, and J. Munoz (SERNAGEOMIN) for technical support. We thank J. Major for consultation in many phases of this work; E. Miles, K. Miles, P. Nelson, and T. Wheeler for field collaborations; and K. Christiansen and C. Weems for GIS work and figure production. We greatly appreciate support of United States Forest Service International Programs and the Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the National Science Foundation (grants NSF 0917697 and NSF 0823380). The opportunity to collaborate with United States Geological Survey and SERNAGEOMIN colleagues has been extremely helpful, especially during the 2010 field campaign. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 9 U2 43 PU SERVICIO NACIONAL GEOLOGIA MINERVA PI SANTIAGO PA AVDA SANTA MARIO 0104, CASILLA 10465, SANTIAGO, CHILE SN 0718-7106 J9 ANDEAN GEOL JI Andean Geol. PY 2013 VL 40 IS 2 BP 359 EP 391 DI 10.5027/andgeoV40n2-a10 PG 33 WC Geology SC Geology GA 158MQ UT WOS:000319976100010 ER PT J AU Feng, X Tucker, KL Parnell, LD Shen, J Lee, YC Ordovas, JM Ling, WH Lai, CQ AF Feng, Xiang Tucker, Katherine L. Parnell, Laurence D. Shen, Jian Lee, Yu-Chi Ordovas, Jose M. Ling, Wen-Hua Lai, Chao-Qiang TI Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) variants confer risk of diabetes in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study SO ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE genetic association; IRS1; type 2 diabetes; insulin resistance; DNA damage ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; RESISTANCE; ASSOCIATION; MELLITUS; DISEASE; GENES; DNA; PHOSPHORYLATION; POLYMORPHISMS; DISPARITIES AB Objective: Published data concerning associations between IRS1 variants and type 2 diabetes and related traits have been inconsistent. We examined the relationship between common variants in IRS1, type 2 diabetes, and related traits including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and DNA damage in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Methods: We genotyped six common IRS1 variants in an adult Puerto Rican population (n=1132) and tested for association with risk of type 2 diabetes and related traits. Results: SNPs rs934167 and rs1801123 showed significant association with fasting glucose concentrations (p = 0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively) and rs934167 showed significant association with plasma insulin levels (p = 0.005). Carriers of the rs934167 minor allele had significantly higher HOMA-IR and lower QUICKI (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively), and a 40% and 58% greater likelihood of being hyperglycaemic or hyperinsulinemic (OR = 1.40 and 1.58; p = 0.013 and 0.002, respectively). However, they exhibited only a marginally significant trend towards having type 2 diabetes (OR=1.27, p = 0.077). Furthermore, carriers of the haplotype C-T of the rs934167 and rs1801123 minor alleles showed consistent patterns of associations after correction for multiple testing. In addition, the G972R (rs1801278) minor allele was significantly associated with higher urinary 8-OHdG concentrations (p = 0.020) and plasma CRP levels (p = 0.035). Conclusions: Our results support IRS1 variants associated with type 2 diabetes risk in adult Puerto Ricans. Moreover, we report the novel finding that IRS1 variant G972R (rs1801278) may contribute to oxidative DNA damage and inflammation. C1 [Feng, Xiang; Ling, Wen-Hua] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Guangzhou 510089, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Feng, Xiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Shen, Jian; Lee, Yu-Chi; Ordovas, Jose M.; Lai, Chao-Qiang] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lingwh@mail.sysu.edu.cn; chaogiang.lai@ars.usda.gov OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU China Scholarship Council; National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging [5P01AG023394-02]; NIH/NHLBI from the U.S, Department of Agriculture Research Service [HL54776, AG21790-01, MO1-RR00054, HL078885, 53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX This study was supported by The VSPYCT Scholarship from China Scholarship Council, The National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Grant Number 5P01AG023394-02, NIH/NHLBI grant number HL54776, AG21790-01, MO1-RR00054, and HL078885 and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the U.S, Department of Agriculture Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD PI MCKINNON PA PO BOX 4121, MCKINNON, VIC 3204, AUSTRALIA SN 0964-7058 J9 ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR JI Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 150 EP 159 DI 10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.1.09 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 158ZU UT WOS:000320014600020 PM 23353623 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Chen, GQ Hou, CT AF Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Chen, Grace Q. Hou, Ching T. TI Mass Spectrometry of the Lithium Adducts of Diacylglycerols Containing Hydroxy FA in Castor Oil and Two Normal FA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Mass spectrometry; Lithium adducts; Diacylglycerols; Hydroxy fatty acids; Castor oil; Soybean oil ID LITHIATED ADDUCTS; FATTY-ACIDS; ACYLGLYCEROLS; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION AB Castor oil can be used in industry. The molecular species of triacylglycerols containing hydroxy fatty acids (FA) in castor oil have been identified. We report here the identification of twelve diacylglycerols (DAG) containing hydroxy FA in castor oil using positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the lithium adducts. They were RR (diricinolein, R is ricinoleate), RL, RS, R-diOH18:0, R-diOH18:1, R-diOH18:2, R-triOH 18:0, R-triOH18:1, R-triOH18:2, diOH18:0-diOH18:1, diOH18:1-diOH18:1 and diOH18:1-diOH18:2. The MS2 fragment ions, [M + Li - FA](+) and [FA + Li](+), from the lithium adducts of DAG containing hydroxy FA (one or two hydroxy FA), were used for the identification. The additional fragment ions from the neutral losses of FA lithium salts [M + Li - FALi](+) were used for the identification of eleven DAG containing two normal FA in a soybean oil bioconversion product. The MS 2 fragment ions from the neutral losses of FA lithium salts [M + Li - FALi](+) were not detected from the DAG containing hydroxy FA. The DAG containing FA with more hydroxyl groups than the other FA on the same DAG molecule tended to have a prominent fragment ion [FA + Li](+) and an undetectable fragment ion [M + Li - FA](+) while the FA was the more hydroxylated FA. Also the less hydroxylated FA of a DAG tended to have a prominent fragment ion [M + Li - FA](+) and an undetectable fragment ion [FA + Li](+) while the FA was the less hydroxylated FA. C1 [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh; Chen, Grace Q.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Hou, Ching T.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jiann.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 90 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s11746-012-2136-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 164TF UT WOS:000320431900005 ER PT J AU Xue, CL Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Zerkowski, J Lee, JH Hong, ST Yang, D Shin, JA Ji, CM Lee, KT AF Xue, Cheng-Lian Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. Ashby, Richard D. Zerkowski, Jonathan Lee, Jeung Hee Hong, Soon-Taek Yang, Dan Shin, Jung-Ah Ji, Chen-Ming Lee, Ki-Teak TI Study of Structured Lipid-Based Oil-in-Water Emulsion Prepared with Sophorolipid and its Oxidative Stability SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Structured lipid; Sophorolipid; Emulsion; Oxidative study ID SOYBEAN OIL; ANTIOXIDANTS; ACID AB In this study, the stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions prepared with structured lipid (SL) were evaluated in which the SL was produced through lipase-catalyzed interesterification between soybean oil and rice bran oil. After interesterification, the major TAG species in the SL were PLP (22.5 %), PLL/OOLn (21.8 %), LPL (16.1 %), and LLS/PLO (16.1 %), and the total amount of tocopherol and tocotrienol was 20.9 mg/100 g of SL. Sophorolipid was used as an emulsifier for preparing SL-based O/W emulsions, and the effect of pH (pH 5.8, 7 and 7.2) on stability was studied by analyzing the fat globule size. From the results, SL-based O/W emulsions showed similar stabilities to those prepared with Tween 20 at the neutral environment. In the oxidation study, any antioxidant addition of propyl gallate (PG), ascorbic acid 6-palmitate (AP) or quercetin hydrate (Que) distinctively prevented peroxide formation on the SL-based O/W emulsion throughout the 23 days of storage while AP was less effective to lower TBARS values than PG and Que. C1 [Xue, Cheng-Lian; Hong, Soon-Taek; Yang, Dan; Shin, Jung-Ah; Ji, Chen-Ming; Lee, Ki-Teak] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.; Ashby, Richard D.; Zerkowski, Jonathan] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Lee, Jeung Hee] Daegu Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Gyongsan 712714, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. RP Lee, KT (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM ktlee@cnu.ac.kr NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 90 IS 1 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s11746-012-2133-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 164TF UT WOS:000320431900014 ER PT J AU Funnell-Harris, DL Prom, LK Sattler, SE Pedersen, JF AF Funnell-Harris, D. L. Prom, L. K. Sattler, S. E. Pedersen, J. F. TI Response of near-isogenic sorghum lines, differing at the P locus for plant colour, to grain mould and head smut fungi SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternaria alternata; Curvularia lunata; Fusarium thapsinum; Gibberella fujikuroi; plant pigments; plant secondary metabolites; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ID FUSARIUM; ALTERNARIA; RESISTANCE; SEEDLINGS; SPP.; BIOSYNTHESIS; ASSOCIATION; INFECTION; PATHOGENS; TOXICITY AB Leaves and stalks of many sorghum genotypes accumulate dark red or purple pigments upon wounding while some plants, called tan,' do not. Grains with unpigmented white' pericarps grown on tan plants are more desirable for food. The hypothesis tested was that pigments in plants protected grain against the panicle diseases grain mould and head smut. Near-isogenic tan or purple plant colour genotypes with white grain were planted at Lincoln and Ithaca, NE and Corpus Christi, TX. The field grown grain was plated onto semi-selective media to detect the presence of grain colonisation by mould genera Alternaria, Fusarium and Curvularia. More Fusarium and Curvularia spp. were recovered from grain grown at Corpus Christi than the Nebraska locations; however, there was no indication that the grain from purple plants was more resistant to the three fungal genera. Most fungi were identified morphologically as Alternaria alternata. Molecular identification of Fusarium species, using translation elongation factor 1- gene sequences, showed that Fusarium thapsinum and Fusarium proliferatum infected grain at all three locations. Head smut disease of panicles, caused by the fungus Sporisorium reilianum, was assessed at Corpus Christi; surprisingly, purple plants had significantly greater disease incidence than tan plants. We propose that the tan plant colour lines with white grain are promising for development of food-grade sorghums not more susceptible than pigmented lines to grain mould and head smut. C1 [Funnell-Harris, D. L.] Univ Nebraska UNL, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sattler, S. E.; Pedersen, J. F.] Univ Nebraska UNL, Dept Agron & Hort, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Prom, L. K.] USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Funnell-Harris, DL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska UNL, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, 137 Keim Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Deanna.Funnell-Harris@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2013 VL 163 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1111/aab.12037 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 161IH UT WOS:000320185800009 ER PT J AU Melters, DP Bradnam, KR Young, HA Telis, N May, MR Ruby, JG Sebra, R Peluso, P Eid, J Rank, D Garcia, JF DeRisi, JL Smith, T Tobias, C Ross-Ibarra, J Korf, I Chan, SWL AF Melters, Daniel P. Bradnam, Keith R. Young, Hugh A. Telis, Natalie May, Michael R. Ruby, J. Graham Sebra, Robert Peluso, Paul Eid, John Rank, David Garcia, Jose Fernando DeRisi, Joseph L. Smith, Timothy Tobias, Christian Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey Korf, Ian Chan, Simon W. L. TI Comparative analysis of tandem repeats from hundreds of species reveals unique insights into centromere evolution SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DNA; ALPHA-SATELLITE; CENP-A; HOLOCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MAIZE KINETOCHORE; YEAST CENTROMERES; SEQUENCES; CHROMATIN AB Background: Centromeres are essential for chromosome segregation, yet their DNA sequences evolve rapidly. In most animals and plants that have been studied, centromeres contain megabase-scale arrays of tandem repeats. Despite their importance, very little is known about the degree to which centromere tandem repeats share common properties between different species across different phyla. We used bioinformatic methods to identify high-copy tandem repeats from 282 species using publicly available genomic sequence and our own data. Results: Our methods are compatible with all current sequencing technologies. Long Pacific Biosciences sequence reads allowed us to find tandem repeat monomers up to 1,419 bp. We assumed that the most abundant tandem repeat is the centromere DNA, which was true for most species whose centromeres have been previously characterized, suggesting this is a general property of genomes. High-copy centromere tandem repeats were found in almost all animal and plant genomes, but repeat monomers were highly variable in sequence composition and length. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of sequence homology showed little evidence of sequence conservation beyond approximately 50 million years of divergence. We find that despite an overall lack of sequence conservation, centromere tandem repeats from diverse species showed similar modes of evolution. Conclusions: While centromere position in most eukaryotes is epigenetically determined, our results indicate that tandem repeats are highly prevalent at centromeres of both animal and plant genomes. This suggests a functional role for such repeats, perhaps in promoting concerted evolution of centromere DNA across chromosomes. C1 [Melters, Daniel P.; Bradnam, Keith R.; Telis, Natalie; Korf, Ian] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Melters, Daniel P.; Bradnam, Keith R.; Telis, Natalie; Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey; Korf, Ian] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Melters, Daniel P.; Telis, Natalie; Chan, Simon W. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Young, Hugh A.; Tobias, Christian] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [May, Michael R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ruby, J. Graham; DeRisi, Joseph L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Sebra, Robert; Peluso, Paul; Eid, John; Rank, David] Pacific Biosci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Garcia, Jose Fernando] Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Anim Prod & Hlth, IAEA Collaborating Ctr Anim Genom & Bioinformat, BR-16050680 Aracatuba, SP, Brazil. [DeRisi, Joseph L.; Chan, Simon W. L.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. [Smith, Timothy] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Melters, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dpmelters@ucdavis.edu; krbradnam@ucdavis.edu; rossibarra@ucdavis.edu; ifkorf@ucdavis.edu RI Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey/D-7782-2011; Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009; OI Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1656-4954; Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X; Bradnam, Keith/0000-0002-3881-294X FU Joint USDA/DOE Office of Science Feedstock genomics grant [DE-AI02-09ER64829]; National Science Foundation [IOS-0922703, IOS-1026094]; NIH-NIGMS [T32-GM008799] FX This work would not have been possible without the guidance, vision, and boundless enthusiasm of Simon Chan, who sadly passed away on 28th August 2012 at the age of 38. We thank Renee Godtel for technical assistance with bovid DNA sequencing, the International Nellore Genome Sequencing Consortium for prepublication access to sequence data, Michael Heaton for access to DNA samples of bison, yak, and water buffalo, Lauren Sagara and Henriette O'Geen for technical assistance with Pacific Biosciences sequencing, and Felicia Tsang, Alan Raetz and Alex Han for technical assistance with bioinformatic analysis. The US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of commercial products and organizations in this manuscript is solely to provide specific information. It does not constitute endorsement by USDA-ARS over other products and organizations not mentioned. This work was supported by a Joint USDA/DOE Office of Science Feedstock genomics grant DE-AI02-09ER64829 (to CT), and by National Science Foundation grants IOS-0922703 to JR-I and IOS-1026094 to SC. DM was supported by training grant T32-GM008799 from NIH-NIGMS. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIGMS or NIH. JD is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. SC is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation investigator. NR 95 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 35 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2013 VL 14 IS 1 AR R10 DI 10.1186/gb-2013-14-1-r10 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 160YA UT WOS:000320155200010 PM 23363705 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ Garrett, WM AF Talbot, N. C. Caperna, T. J. Garrett, W. M. TI GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Development, characterization, and use of a porcine epiblast-derived liver stem cell line: ARS-PICM-19 SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM CY JUL 15-19, 2012 CL Phoenix, AZ DE bile duct; cell line; differentiation; hepatocyte; liver; stem cell ID DUCT EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER; IN-VITRO; PIG-LIVER; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; CYTOCHROME-P450 EXPRESSION; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; DEFINED FACTORS; MOUSE EMBRYOS; BILE-DUCTS AB Totipotent embryonic stem cell lines have not been established from ungulates; however, we have developed a somatic stem cell line from the in vitro culture of pig epiblast cells. The cell line, ARS-PICM-19, was isolated via colony cloning and was found to spontaneously differentiate into hepatic parenchymal epithelial cell types, namely hepatocytes and bile duct cells. Hepatocytes form as monolayers and bile duct cells as 3-dimensional bile ductules. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ductules were composed of radially arranged, monociliated cells with their cilia projecting into the lumen of the ductule whereas hepatocytes were arranged in monolayers with lateral canalicular structures containing numerous microvilli and connected by tight junctions and desmosomes. Extensive Golgi and rough endoplasmic reticulum networks were also present, indicative of active protein synthesis. Analysis of conditioned medium by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry indicated a spectrum of serum-protein secretion by the hepatocytes. The PICM-19 cell line maintains a range of inducible cytochrome P450 activities and, most notably, is the only nontransformed cell line that synthesizes urea in response to ammonia challenge. The PICM-19 cell line has been used for several biomedical-and agricultural-related purposes, such as the in vitro replication of hepatitis E virus, a zoonotic virus of pigs, and a spaceflight experiment to evaluate somatic stem cell differentiation and liver cell function in microgravity. The cell line was also evaluated as a platform for toxicity testing and has been used in a commercial artificial liver rescue device bioreactor. A PICM-19 subclone, PICM-19H, which only differentiates into hepatocytes, was isolated and methods are currently under development to grow PICM-19 cells without feeder cells. Feeder-cell-independent growth will facilitate the study of mesenchymal-parenchymal interactions that influence the divergent differentiation of the PICM-19 cells, enhance our ability to genetically modify the cells, and provide a better model system to investigate porcine hepatic metabolism. (C) 2013 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. C1 [Talbot, N. C.; Caperna, T. J.; Garrett, W. M.] ARS, USDA, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM neil.talbot@ars.usda.gov FU Elanco Animal Health (Greenfield, IN); Monsanto Co. (St. Louis, MO); Pancosma (Geneva, Switzerland); Journal of Animal Science; American Society of Animal Science FX Based on a presentation at the Growth and Development Symposium titled "Participation of adult tissue-restricted stem cells in livestock growth and development" at the Joint Annual meeting, July 15-19, Phoenix, AZ, with publication sponsored by Elanco Animal Health (Greenfield, IN), the Monsanto Co. (St. Louis, MO), Pancosma (Geneva, Switzerland), the Journal of Animal Science, and the American Society of Animal Science. NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 91 IS 1 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.2527/jas.2012-5748 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 154KK UT WOS:000319673900010 PM 23148238 ER PT J AU Krause, DO Nagaraja, TG Wright, ADG Callaway, TR AF Krause, D. O. Nagaraja, T. G. Wright, A. D. G. Callaway, T. R. TI Board-invited review: Rumen microbiology: Leading the way in microbial ecology SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM CY JUL 15-19, 2012 CL Phoenix, AZ DE anaerobic techniques; archaea; interspecies H-2 transfer; microbial diversity; rumen microbiology ID RUMINAL ACIDOSIS SARA; FLAGELLATE NEOCALLIMASTIX-FRONTALIS; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; RUMINOCOCCUS-ALBUS 8; METHANE MITIGATION; ANAEROBIC FUNGI; SPHAEROMONAS-COMMUNIS; SYNERGISTES-JONESII; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY AB Robert Hungate, considered the father of rumen microbiology, was the first to initiate a systematic exploration of the microbial ecosystem of the rumen, but he was not alone. The techniques he developed to isolate and identify cellulose-digesting bacteria from the rumen have had a major impact not only in delineating the complex ecosystem of the rumen but also in clinical microbiology and in the exploration of a number of other anaerobic ecosystems, including the human hindgut. Rumen microbiology has pioneered our understanding of much of microbial ecology and has broadened our knowledge of ecology in general, as well as improved the ability to feed ruminants more efficiently. The discovery of anaerobic fungi as a component of the ruminal flora disproved the central dogma in microbiology that all fungi are aerobic organisms. Further novel interactions between bacterial species such as nutrient cross feeding and interspecies H-2 transfer were first described in ruminal microorganisms. The complexity and diversity present in the rumen make it an ideal testing ground for microbial theories (e. g., the effects of nutrient limitation and excess) and techniques (such as 16S rRNA), which have rewarded the investigators that have used this easily accessed ecosystem to understand larger truths. Our understanding of characteristics of the ruminal microbial population has opened new avenues of microbial ecology, such as the existence of hyperammonia-producing bacteria and how they can be used to improve N efficiency in ruminants. In this review, we examine some of the contributions to science that were first made in the rumen, which have not been recognized in a broader sense. C1 [Krause, D. O.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Anim Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Nagaraja, T. G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wright, A. D. G.] Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Callaway, T. R.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM todd.callaway@ars.usda.gov NR 122 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 93 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 91 IS 1 BP 331 EP 341 DI 10.2527/jas.2012-5567 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 154KK UT WOS:000319673900038 PM 23404990 ER PT J AU Faciola, AP Broderick, GA Hristov, A Leao, MI AF Faciola, A. P. Broderick, G. A. Hristov, A. Leao, M. I. TI Effects of lauric acid on ruminal protozoal numbers and fermentation pattern and milk production in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM CY JUL 15-19, 2012 CL Phoenix, AZ DE dairy cow; lauric acid; protozoa ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; DIETARY-PROTEIN CONCENTRATION; RUMEN CILIATE PROTOZOA; ALFALFA SILAGE; IN-VITRO; MICROBIAL PROTEIN; METHANE SUPPRESSION; SOLE FORAGE; COCONUT OIL; CORN-SILAGE AB The objectives of this study were to evaluate lauric acid (LA) as a practical ruminal protozoa-suppressing agent and assess effects of protozoal suppression on fermentation patterns and milk production in dairy cows. In a pilot study, 6 lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in a randomized complete-block design trial. Cows were fed a basal total mixed ration (TMR) containing (DM basis) 15% alfalfa silage, 40% corn silage, 30% rolled high moisture shelled corn, and 14% solvent soybean meal, and assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) control, 2) 160 g/d of LA, or 3) 222 g/d of sodium laurate, which is equi-molar to 160 g/d of LA, all given as a single dose into the rumen via cannulae before feeding. Both agents showed high antiprotozoal activity when pulse dosed at these amounts via ruminal cannulae, reducing protozoa by 90% (P < 0.01) within 2 d of treatment. Lauric acid reduced ruminal ammonia concentration by 60% (P < 0.01) without altering DMI. Both agents reduced ruminal total free AA concentration (P < 0.01) and LA did not affect ruminal pH or total VFA concentration. In a large follow-up feeding trial, 52 Holstein cows (8 with ruminal cannulae) were used in a randomized complete-block design trial. Cows were assigned to 1 of 4 diets and fed only that diet throughout the study. The TMR contained (DM basis) 29% alfalfa silage, 36% corn silage, 14% rolled high moisture shelled corn, and 8% solvent soybean meal. The 4 experimental diets were similar, except part of the finely ground dry corn was replaced with LA in stepwise increments from 0 to 0.97% of dietary DM, which provided (as consumed) 0, 83, 164, and 243 g/d of LA. Adding these amounts of LA to the TMR did not affect DMI, ruminal pH, or other ruminal traits, and milk production. However, LA consumed at 164 and 243 g/d in the TMR reduced the protozoal population by only 25% and 30% (P = 0.05), respectively, showing that these levels, when added to the TMR, were not sufficient to achieve a concentration within the rumen that promoted the antiprotozoal effect of LA. C1 [Faciola, A. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Broderick, G. A.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hristov, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Leao, M. I.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Zootecnia, BR-36570 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Faciola, AP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Agr Nutr & Vet Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM afaciola@cabnr.unr.edu NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 91 IS 1 BP 363 EP 373 DI 10.2527/jas.2012-5168 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 154KK UT WOS:000319673900041 PM 23097406 ER PT J AU McPherson, EG Kotow, L AF McPherson, E. Gregory Kotow, Louren TI A municipal forest report card: Results for California, USA SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Age structure; Pests; Species dominance; Species adaptability; Stability; Species diversity ID EMERALD ASH BORER; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; URBAN AB This study integrates two existing computer programs, the Pest Vulnerability Matrix and i-Tree Streets, into a decision-support tool for assessing municipal forest stability and recommending strategies to mitigate risk of loss. A report card concept was developed to communicate levels of performance in terms that managers and the public easily understand. Grades were assigned to four aspects of a stable and resilient municipal forest: Species Dominance, Age Structure, Pest Threat and Potential Asset Loss. The data pool of 29 California municipal forest inventories contained information on 836,943 trees. Letter grades (A-F) were assigned to the four criteria and each city received customized recommendations for improving its grades. Three inventories received final grades of As, 18 received Bs, 6 Cs and 2 Ds. Twelve inventories received their highest grade for Species Dominance. Thirteen inventories received their lowest grade for Age Structure, largely because juvenile trees were underrepresented. Pest Threat received the lowest grade in 11 inventories and reduce Pest Threat was the top priority recommendation in 18 inventories. Four multi-host pests posed the greatest risk: Granulate ambrosia beetle, Asian longhorned beetle, Armillaria root rot and red palm weevil. Sycamore/plane was the most vulnerable taxon, followed by oaks, ash and eucalyptus. Eliminating or limiting the use of highly vulnerable tree species was recommended in nearly every city to reduce Pest Threat and improve Species Dominance. Increased planting of vacant sites with species not vulnerable to the most abundant and severe pests was a frequent recommendation for improving Age Structure. Another common recommendation to improve Age Structure was planned removal and replacement of overabundant mature and senescent taxa such as pear, eucalyptus, jacaranda and carrotwood. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [McPherson, E. Gregory; Kotow, Louren] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Urban Ecosyst & Social Dynam Program, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP McPherson, EG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Urban Ecosyst & Social Dynam Program, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM gmcpherson@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2013 VL 12 IS 2 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2013.01.003 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA 150ER UT WOS:000319373500002 ER PT J AU Liang, ZC Yang, YZ Cheng, LL Zhong, GY AF Liang, Zhenchang Yang, Yingzhen Cheng, Lailiang Zhong, Gan-Yuan TI Characterization of polyphenolic metabolites in grape hybrids SO VITIS LA English DT Article DE grapes; Vitis; hybrids; polyphenols; secondary metabolites ID PHENOLIC COMPOSITION; RIPE BERRIES; WINES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; GERMPLASM; PROFILES AB Cultivated and experimental grape hybrids represent an important part of the Vitis germplasm for grape improvement. In this study, we characterized the composition and content of polyphenolic compounds in the berries of 48 hybrid grapes for two consecutive years. A total of 48 polyphenolic compounds, including 28 anthocyanins, 6 flavanols, 6 flavonols, 2 hydroxybenzoic acids and 6 hydroxycinnamic derivatives, were identified via HPLC-MS and quantified by HPLC-DAD. The content of total polyphenols as well as individual polyphenolic compounds varied significantly among grape hybrids. A number of grape hybrids with high content of total polyphenols and various individual groups of polyphenolic compounds were identified. Principal component analyses identified several polyphenolic compounds, significantly influencing the content variation of total polyphenols and individual groups of polyphenols. Plot analyses on the basis of PC1 and PC2 values provided some interesting insights into the genetic relationships among these grape hybrids. This work is an important addition to our ongoing effort in developing a comprehensive database of nutrition- and health-related secondary metabolites in the Vitis germplasm for future grape improvement. C1 [Liang, Zhenchang; Cheng, Lailiang] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Yang, Yingzhen; Zhong, Gan-Yuan] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Zhong, GY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM lc89@cornell.edu; ganyuan.zhong@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Cornell University FX We are grateful to D. DELLEFAVE, H. SCHWANINGER and B. SMACK of the USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, New York for their assistance in collecting berry samples. This work was supported through a Special Cooperative Agreement between USDA-ARS and Cornell University. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU JKI-INSTITUT REBENZUCHTUNG PI SIEBELDINGEN PA GEILWEILERHOF, D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANY SN 0042-7500 J9 VITIS JI Vitis PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 BP 51 EP 59 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 154ZU UT WOS:000319716000001 ER PT J AU Yan, QG Wan, CX Liu, J Gao, JS Yu, F Zhang, JL Cai, ZY AF Yan, Qiangu Wan, Caixia Liu, Jian Gao, Jinsen Yu, Fei Zhang, Jilei Cai, Zhiyong TI Iron nanoparticles in situ encapsulated in biochar-based carbon as an effective catalyst for the conversion of biomass-derived syngas to liquid hydrocarbons SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; METHANOL FUEL-CELLS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; ACTIVATION; PARTICLES; PYROLYSIS; CHEMISTRY; SUPPORT; SPHERES AB Biochar, a by-product from the fast pyrolysis of pine wood, was used as the support material for the synthesis of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized for physicochemical properties by multiple morphological and structural methods (e. g., SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and TPD). The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process was carried out to evaluate the catalytic activity of the nanoparticles on conversion of biomass-derived synthesis gas (bio-syngas) to liquid hydrocarbons. Characterization results revealed that the nanoparticles had core-shell structures with iron in situ encapsulated within a graphitic shell. Moreover, significant amounts of iron carbide (mainly Fe3C) were formed as an interface between the carbonaceous shell and the iron core. FTS tests indicated that such carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles possessed a high activity on conversion of bio-syngas and good selectivity towards liquid hydrocarbons (of which olefins were the dominant product). Over a 1500 h testing period, the nanoparticles showed striking stability against deactivation, with CO conversion maintained at about 95% and liquid hydrocarbon selectivity at about 68%. C1 [Yan, Qiangu; Wan, Caixia; Yu, Fei] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Liu, Jian; Gao, Jinsen] China Univ Petr, State Key Lab Heavy Oil, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jilei] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Yan, QG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM fyu@abe.msstate.edu RI Wan, Caixia/F-1658-2013; OI Wan, Caixia/0000-0002-4548-5879; Yu, Fei/0000-0001-5595-6147 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 16 U2 120 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1631 EP 1640 DI 10.1039/c3gc37107g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 150QM UT WOS:000319405900028 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Janzen, DH Hallwachs, W AF Brown, John W. Janzen, Daniel H. Hallwachs, Winnie TI A food plant specialist in Sparganothini:A new genus and species from Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE ACG; caterpillar; Costa Rica; Cyclanthaceae; food plants; morphology; new genus; new species; parasitoid; tortricid moth ID DNA BARCODES; SKIPPER BUTTERFLIES; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEMATICS AB Sparganocosma docsturnerorum Brown, new genus and new species, is described and illustrated from Area de Conservacion (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. The new genus shares a long, crescent-or ribbon-shaped signum in the corpus bursae of the female genitalia with Aesiocopa Zeller, 1877, Amorbia Clemens, 1860, Amorbimorpha Kruse, 2011, Coelostathma Clemens, 1860, Lambertiodes Diakonoff, 1959, Paramorbia Powell & Lambert, 1986, Rhynchophyllus Meyrick, 1932, Sparganopseustis Powell & Lambert, 1986, Sparganothina Powell, 1986, and Sparganothoides Lambert & Powell, 1986. Putative autapomorphies for Sparganocosma include the extremely short uncus; the smooth (unspined) transtilla; and the upturned, free, distal rod of the sacculus. Adults of Sparganocosma docsturnerorum have been reared numerous times (>50) from larvae collected feeding on rain forest Asplundia utilis (Oerst.) Harling and A. microphylla (Oerst.) Harling (Cyclanthaceae) at intermediate elevations (375-500 m) in ACG. Whereas most Sparganothini are generalists, typically feeding on two or more plant families, Sparganocosma docsturnerorum appears to be a specialist on Asplundia, at least in ACG. The solitary parasitoid wasp Sphelodon wardae Godoy & Gauld (Ichneumonidae; Banchinae) has been reared only from the larvae of S. docsturnerorum. C1 [Brown, John W.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Janzen, Daniel H.; Hallwachs, Winnie] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM john.brown@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation [BSR 9024770, DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, 0515699]; Wege Foundation; International Conservation Fund of Canada; Jessie B. Cox Charitable Trust; Blue Moon Fund; Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund; JRS Biodiversity Foundation; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of Agriculture; University of Pennsylvania FX Paul Hebert and the Barcode of Life Initiative at the University of Guelph are graciously acknowledged for providing neighbor joining trees for our examination. We thank Elizabeth Roberts, Lucrecia Rodriguez, and Gary Ouellette, USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, for skillfully capturing images and preparing the plates of illustrations. The study was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grants BSR 9024770 and DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, 0515699 to DHJ, and grants from the Wege Foundation, International Conservation Fund of Canada, Jessie B. Cox Charitable Trust, Blue Moon Fund, Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund, JRS Biodiversity Foundation, Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Smithsonian Institution, U.S. Department of Agriculture (JWB), and University of Pennsylvania (DHJ). We thank Eugenia Phillips-Rodriguez and Jerry Powell for discussions regarding Costa Rican Sparganothini and for examining material in their care. The following provided helpful reviews of the manuscript which increased its clarity and quality: Joaquin Baixeras, University of Valencia, Spain; and Jerry A. Powell, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2013 IS 303 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.3897/zookeys.303.5230 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 152CX UT WOS:000319508700004 PM 23794903 ER PT J AU Oltmans-Deardorff, SE Fehr, WR Welke, GA Shoemaker, RC Graham, MA AF Oltmans-Deardorff, Sheilah E. Fehr, Walter R. Welke, Grace A. Shoemaker, Randy C. Graham, Michelle A. TI Molecular Mapping of the Mutant fap4(A24) Allele for Elevated Palmitate Concentration in Soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEED OIL; INHERITANCE; GENE; MARKERS; MOTIFS; GENOME AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil with an elevated palmitate concentration is useful for some food and industrial applications. The objective of this study was to map the genetic location of the fap4(A24) allele that controls an increase in palmitate concentration and to identify molecular markers that can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of the allele. A cross was made between the mutant line A24(fap4fap4) and the cultivar Archer(Fap4Fap4), and DNA was collected from 22 F-4 plants with normal palmitate and 22 F-4 plants with elevated palmitate concentration. The DNA samples were analyzed on the soybean single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip developed by Monsanto Co. Publicly available simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to fine-map the allele. On the basis of these molecular analyses, the fap4(A24) allele was mapped to chromosome 3 (linkage group N) in an area between SSRs BARCSOYSSR_03_1260 and BARCSOYSSR_03_1313. Seven SSRs and a SNP were identified in the region that perfectly differentiated the plants which were homozygous for the fap4(A24) allele for elevated palmitate or the Fap4 allele for normal palmitate. The public SNP and SSRs should be useful for MAS of the fap4(A24) allele in segregating populations. C1 [Oltmans-Deardorff, Sheilah E.] Monsanto Co, Huxley, IA 50124 USA. [Fehr, Walter R.; Welke, Grace A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shoemaker, Randy C.; Graham, Michelle A.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fehr, WR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wfehr@iastate.edu FU Monsanto Company, North Lindbergh, St. Louis, MO FX This journal paper was part of the dissertation research of the senior author conducted with the support of the Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh, St. Louis, MO 63167. Received 10 Apr. 2012. *Corresponding author (wfehr@iastate.edu). NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 53 IS 1 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.04.0230 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099LU UT WOS:000315623700011 ER PT S AU Goldade, DA Kemp, JM O'Hare, JR Miller, LA AF Goldade, David A. Kemp, Jeffrey M. O'Hare, Jeanette R. Miller, Lowell A. BE Cobb, GP Smith, PN TI Determination of an Immunocontraceptive Peptide in a Wildlife Vaccine Formulation SO EVALUATING VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL BEHAVIOR IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society on Evaluating Veterinary Pharmaceutical Behavior in the Environment CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; OVERABUNDANCE; MANAGEMENT AB Wildlife populations continue to grow despite the use of traditional management techniques. GonaCon (TM) Immunocontraceptive Vaccine is a vaccine used to reduce reproduction in mammalian species, including white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The vaccine consists of synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) conjugated to a mollusk hemocyanin (Concholepas concholepas) prepared as an emulsion with mineral oil to promote a prolonged immune response. Development of an analytical method for determination of the active ingredient in the vaccine formulation was complicated by the emulsion and conjugation of GnRH to the carrier protein. Breaking the emulsion was achieved chemically by addition of diethyl ether. The aqueous portion containing the GnRH conjugate was cleaved enzymatically with a protease (clostripain) at the arginine-proline site of its peptide sequence. Hydrolysis produced a diagnostic eight amino acid peptide fragment which was unique to GnRH and easily quantified by LC/MS/MS. Typical recoveries of fortified samples at the target concentration exceeded 90%. C1 [Goldade, David A.; Kemp, Jeffrey M.; O'Hare, Jeanette R.; Miller, Lowell A.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Goldade, DA (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM David.A.Goldade@aphis.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2701-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1126 BP 149 EP 158 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFB33 UT WOS:000319083600007 ER PT S AU Jessick, AM Moorman, TB Coats, JR AF Jessick, Ashley M. Moorman, Thomas B. Coats, Joel R. BE Cobb, GP Smith, PN TI Fate of Erythromycin in Sediment-Containing Surface Water Microcosms: How Does Aged Erythromycin in Sediment Influence Bioavailability? SO EVALUATING VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL BEHAVIOR IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society on Evaluating Veterinary Pharmaceutical Behavior in the Environment CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc DE Erythromycin; sediment-containing systems; manure; microcosms ID MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SOIL; DEGRADATION; WASTE; PHARMACEUTICALS; MINERALIZATION; PERSISTENCE; TRANSPORT; RESIDUES AB The detection of antibiotics in water and sediment systems is of concern due to the potential adverse effects which could be associated with their environmental fate. The central aim of this study was to evaluate the fate of erythromycin in microcosms consisting of pond water and submerged pond sediment. The first study examined the dissipation of erythromycin from spiked water and total recovery of [C-14]-erythromycin from water and sediment within microcosms ranged between 90.1% and 48% throughout the 63-day study. Erythromycin was reduced in surface water of sediment-containing systems by day 7, which corresponded to an increase of eryrthromycin detected in sediment. In the second study the availability of aged erythromycin was evaluated by incubating sediment with and without a manure amendment with [C-14]-erythromycin for 0, 1, 3, or 8 weeks; followed by assessing movement and availability of erythromycin in sediment microcosms after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Results indicated differences in residues from aged sediment, with and without manure additions, in extractable residues at day 7 and 14. The addition of manure resulted in greater extractable erythromycin from aged sediments than from sediments without manure. There was a greater release of erythromycin to the water overlying the manure-treated sediments with fresh and 1 week aged sediment than the unamended sediment after 1 and 2 weeks. The results from this experiment demonstrate the ability of manure to influence the fate of erythromycin in environmental matrices. C1 [Jessick, Ashley M.; Coats, Joel R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Moorman, Thomas B.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Jessick, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jcoats@iastate.edu FU USDA-CSREES-NRI [10W05091] FX Funding for this study was provided by a USDA-CSREES-NRI grant #10W05091. The authors wish to thank Dan Johnson, Dr. Nicholas Gabler, and the Swine Nutrition Farm personnel for providing antibiotic-free swine manure. Technical assistance for sample preparation and analysis for this study was provided by Lindsey Rolfs, Ron VanDenBroeke, and Josh Watson. Additional technical guidance was provided by Beth Douglass. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2701-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1126 BP 161 EP + PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFB33 UT WOS:000319083600008 ER PT J AU Wakil, W Riasat, T Lord, JC AF Wakil, Waqas Riasat, Tahira Lord, Jeffrey C. TI Effects of combined thiamethoxam and diatomaceous earth on mortality and progeny production of four Pakistani populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on wheat, rice and maize SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Thiamethoxam; Diatomaceous earth; Rhyzopertha dominica; Populations; Grain commodities ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE L.; LESSER GRAIN BORER; TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM COLEOPTERA; TYROPHAGUS-PUTRESCENTIAE ASTIGMATA; INSECT PESTS INFLUENCE; STORED WHEAT; EXPOSURE INTERVAL; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; TREATED SURFACES AB Bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effects of combining thiamethoxam at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg of active ingredient with the diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation, SilicoSec, at the rate of 100 mg/kg against four Pakistan populations of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). The tests were carried out with adult beetles on wheat, maize, and rice. Mortality increased with increasing application rates and exposure intervals for each population. Individually, thiamethoxam alone was more effective at the high dose rate than DE alone, but after 14 days of exposure in most cases, there was greater mortality with DE than with the low dose of thiamethoxam. There was greater mortality in wheat than in rice or maize. Populations differed in susceptibility to treatments and production of progeny. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wakil, Waqas] Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Agr Entomol, Faisalabad, Pakistan. [Riasat, Tahira] Govt Coll Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Faisalabad, Pakistan. [Lord, Jeffrey C.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Wakil, W (reprint author), Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Agr Entomol, Faisalabad, Pakistan. EM arid1972@yahoo.com FU Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan [Av4-128] FX This study was supported by Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan (No. Av4-128) under the Indigenous Ph.D. Fellowship Program. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 52 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2012.09.002 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 150BU UT WOS:000319366000006 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ AF Hallman, Guy J. TI Control of stored product pests by ionizing radiation SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Irradiation; Food irradiation; Storage pests; Pest control; Pest management ID ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH; GAMMA-RADIATION; DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGES; LASIODERMA-SERRICORNE; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA; ELECTRON-BEAM; INSECT PESTS; LIFE STAGES; IRRADIATION; COLEOPTERA AB Food irradiation for prevention of food-borne illness and disinfestation of commodities of pests is increasing in a number of countries. The goal of this review is to analyze the literature and current use of irradiation to control stored product pests and suggest research to optimize its potential. Doses to prevent reproduction of stored product pests range from 0.05 kGy for Tenebrio molitor L to 0.45 kGy for Sitotroga cereallela (Olivier). Small but increasing amounts of grains and pulses are being irradiated in the world today especially in Asia. At least 33 countries permit irradiation of some stored products with 14 countries permitting it for all stored products. Ways in which stored product irradiation research and application may influence other uses of irradiation technology are also discussed. Deactivation of weed seeds might be an area of stored product phytosanitation where irradiation would have an advantage over other measures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM Guy.Hallman@ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 52 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2012.10.001 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 150BU UT WOS:000319366000007 ER PT J AU Follett, PA Snook, K Janson, A Antonio, B Haruki, A Okamura, M Bisel, J AF Follett, Peter A. Snook, Kirsten Janson, Allison Antonio, Brandi Haruki, Austin Okamura, Mariko Bisel, Justin TI Irradiation quarantine treatment for control of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in rice SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sitophilus oryzae; Rice weevil; X-ray irradiation; Phosphine resistance; Disinfestation ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; TEPHRITID FRUIT-FLIES; PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; GAMMA-RADIATION; SAMPLE-SIZE; WEEVIL AB Irradiation is a quarantine treatment option for stored products pests. Dose response tests were conducted to identify a post-harvest radiation treatment that would control rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in rice. Rice infested with adult or immature weevils was treated at radiation doses of 30, 60, 90, or 120 Gy, or left untreated as a control. Live and dead beetles were counted weekly for 15-24 weeks. Treatment of adult weevils at a radiation dose of 120 Gy resulted in no live adults after two weeks, indicating that this radiation dose caused adult mortality and sterility, whereas a total of 1261 adult beetles emerged during 24 weeks in the untreated controls. Treatment of immature life stages (a mixture of eggs, larvae and pupae) with a radiation dose of 90 or 120 Gy resulted in no adults emerging after five or two weeks, respectively, indicating that these doses prevented reproduction, whereas a total of 4275 adults emerged throughout 15 weeks in the untreated controls. Weight loss of rice infested with immature or adult weevils was significantly reduced by irradiation treatment at 60 Gy and 120 Gy. In a large-scale confirmatory test, a radiation dose of 120 Gy applied to 38,025 adult weevils in rice resulted in no reproduction. Irradiation at 120 Gy will provide quarantine security for rice weevil, and prevent post-irradiation weight loss caused by insect feeding in the commodity. Irradiation may be particularly helpful in controlling phosphine-resistant populations, and could help manage resistance by preventing the spread of resistant weevils in exported grains. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Follett, Peter A.; Janson, Allison] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Snook, Kirsten; Antonio, Brandi; Haruki, Austin; Okamura, Mariko; Bisel, Justin] Univ Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM peter.follett@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 52 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2012.09.004 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 150BU UT WOS:000319366000011 ER PT J AU Oppert, B Morgan, TD AF Oppert, Brenda Morgan, T. D. TI Improved high-throughput bioassay for Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aprotinin; Bacillus thuringiensis; Insect bioassay; Rhyzopertha dominica; X-ray insect detection ID LESSER GRAIN BORER; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE; STORED WHEAT; POPULATIONS; INSECTS AB As we gain more information through functional genomic studies of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), we need a high-throughput bioassay system to screen potential biopesticides. Rhyzopertha dominica is an internal feeder during immature stages and presents unique challenges with traditional bioassay methods. Our primary goal was to develop a fast method to evaluate larval development on small amounts of material incorporated homogenously in an artificial diet. Herein we describe a new method that incorporates an artificial diet composed of egg yolk, brewer's yeast, and amylopectin for evaluating the effect of potential biopesticides on the development of R. dominica larvae. Evaluation is accomplished through visual inspection of digital X-ray images, or weighing containers of infested larvae on diet treatments. We demonstrate the method with aprotinin and Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa protoxin, test materials that retard the development of R. dominica larvae. Different bioassay containers were evaluated, including a single larva assay with pipette tips or 8-strip tubes, or a group bioassay in black 16-well trays. In addition to improvements in time and manual manipulations, larvae can now be obtained for biochemical studies by gently washing away the diet. Discrimination of the effect of test materials by weighing the infested containers at specific timepoints was the most simplified approach to rapidly screen test compounds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Oppert, Brenda; Morgan, T. D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM brenda.oppert@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 52 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2012.11.001 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 150BU UT WOS:000319366000012 ER PT J AU Campbell, JF AF Campbell, James F. TI Influence of landscape pattern in flour residue amount and distribution on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) response to traps baited with pheromone and kairomone SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Red flour beetle; Pheromone; Trapping; Stored products; Attraction ID STORED-PRODUCT COLEOPTERA; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; ORIENTATION BEHAVIOR; CONFUSUM COLEOPTERA; MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR; TENEBRIONIDAE; BEETLE; FOOD; SEX; DISPERSAL AB Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, is a major pest of food facilities and is typically monitored using traps that capture walking individuals. In flour mills the accumulation of residues of flour on surfaces has the potential to influence beetle movement and response to trap attractants. Different flour residue landscapes of habitat (flour) within a matrix of no flour with the following characteristics were created: low abundance (10% coverage) and fragmented distribution, high abundance (30% coverage) and fragmented distribution, low abundance and clumped distribution, high abundance and clumped distribution, 0% coverage, and 100% coverage. Response of individual beetles to traps placed on top of these landscapes was evaluated; traps were either baited with aggregation pheromone and kairomone or contained no attractants. Encounters with the two types of traps were not significantly different for any of the specific landscapes, but greater numbers tended to encounter traps with attractants on fragmented landscapes and 100% flour landscapes. Combining landscape types, the proportion of beetles encountering pheromone + kairomone-baited traps (0.61) was not greater than the proportion encountering empty traps (0.50). However, when combining just the fragmented landscapes there was a significantly greater response to traps with attractants (78%) than traps without (50%), but no difference in response on the combined clumped landscapes. Movement pathways, analyzed using video recordings of beetles, showed a general trend for 0% and 100% habitat landscapes to be most different from each other and 10% and 30% habitat landscapes tended to group together, but only for maximum distance traveled in an interval, velocity, and mean turn angle were significant differences observed. Results suggest that fragmented landscapes may have some impact on beetle response to attractants, but a potential mechanism for this needs further evaluation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM james.campbell@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 52 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2012.11.004 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 150BU UT WOS:000319366000019 ER PT J AU Shwiff, SA Anderson, A Cullen, R White, PCL Shwiff, SS AF Shwiff, S. A. Anderson, A. Cullen, R. White, P. C. L. Shwiff, S. S. TI Assignment of measurable costs and benefits to wildlife conservation projects SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE benefit-transfer; conservation planning; contingent valuation; cost-effectiveness; cost-benefit analysis; economic evaluation; human dimensions; modeling; regional economic analysis and travel cost method ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; PROTECTED AREAS; ECONOMIC COSTS; NATIONAL-PARK; OPPORTUNITY COSTS; VALUATION; MANAGEMENT; ELEPHANTS; POLICY AB Success of wildlife conservation projects is determined by a suite of biological and economic factors. Donor and public understanding of the economic factors is becoming increasingly central to the longevity of funding for conservation efforts. Unlike typical economic evaluation, many costs and benefits related to conservation efforts are realised in nonmonetary terms. We identify the types of benefits and costs that arise from conservation projects and examine several well developed techniques that economists use to convert benefits and costs into monetary values so they may be compared in a common metric. Costs are typically more readily identifiable than benefits, with financial project costs reported most frequently, and opportunity and damage costs reported much less often. Most current evaluation methods rely primarily on cost-effectiveness analysis rather than cost-benefit analysis, a result of the difficultly in measuring benefits. We highlight improved methodology to measure secondary costs and benefits on a broader spatial scale, thereby promoting project efficacy and long-term success. Estimation of the secondary effects can provide a means to engage a wider audience in discussions of wildlife conservation by illuminating the relevant impacts to income and employment in local economies. C1 [Shwiff, S. A.; Anderson, A.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Cullen, R.] Lincoln Univ, Accounting Econ & Finance Dept, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand. [White, P. C. L.] Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Shwiff, S. S.] Texas A&M Univ, Econ & Finance Dept, Commerce, TX 75428 USA. RP Shwiff, SA (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Stephanie.a.shwiff@aphis.usda.gov NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 37 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2013 VL 40 IS 2 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1071/WR12102 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 147YL UT WOS:000319207900006 ER PT J AU Oliveira, JE Mattoso, LHC Orts, WJ Medeiros, ES AF Oliveira, Juliano E. Mattoso, Luiz H. C. Orts, William J. Medeiros, Eliton S. TI Structural and Morphological Characterization of Micro and Nanofibers Produced by Electrospinning and Solution Blow Spinning: A Comparative Study SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; INFRARED SPECTRA; NONWOVEN MATS; FIBERS; POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE); POLY(L-LACTIDE); CONFORMATION; NANO; CRYSTALLINITY; DEGRADATION AB Nonwoven mats of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) were prepared at a nano- and submicron scale by solution blow spinning (SBS) and electrospinning in order to compare crystalline structure and morphology developed by both processes during fiber formation. Polymer solutions were characterized by rheometry and tensiometry. Spun fibers were characterized by several analytical steps. SEM analyses showed that both solution blow spun and electrospun fibers had similar morphology. Absence of residual solvents and characteristic infrared bands in the solution blow spun fibers for PLA, PCL, and PEO was confirmed by FTIR studies. XRD diffraction patterns for solution blow spun and electrospun mats revealed some differences related to distinct mechanisms of fiber formation developed by each process. Significant differences in thermal behavior by DSC were observed between cast films of PLA, PCL, and PEO and their corresponding spun nanofibers. Furthermore, the average contact angles for spun PLA and PCL were higher than for electrospun mats, whereas it was slightly lower for PEO. When comparing electrospun and solution blow spun fibers, it was possible to verify that fiber morphology and physical properties depended both on the spinning technique and type of polymer. C1 [Oliveira, Juliano E.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos UFSCAR, Dept Engn Mat DEMA, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Oliveira, Juliano E.; Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] Embrapa Instrumentacao Agr CNPDIA, LNNA, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Orts, William J.] USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Medeiros, Eliton S.] Univ Fed Paraiba UFPB, Dept Engn Mat DEMAT, BR-58051900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. RP Medeiros, ES (reprint author), Univ Fed Paraiba UFPB, Dept Engn Mat DEMAT, BR-58051900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. EM eliton_s@yahoo.com RI Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 FU Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT/FINEP); National Research Council (CNPQ); National Research Council (CAPES) FX The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT/FINEP) and the National Research Councils (CAPES and CNPQ). The authors are grateful to the Bernhard Gross Polymer Group (IFSC/USP) for their assistance with surface tension measurements. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 127 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-8434 J9 ADV MATER SCI ENG JI Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. PY 2013 AR 409572 DI 10.1155/2013/409572 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 153EE UT WOS:000319583400001 ER PT J AU Wei, S Zan, LS Wang, HB Cheng, G Du, M Jiang, Z Hausman, GJ McFarland, DC Dodson, MV AF Wei, S. Zan, L. S. Wang, H. B. Cheng, G. Du, M. Jiang, Z. Hausman, G. J. McFarland, D. C. Dodson, M. V. TI Adenovirus-mediated interference of FABP4 regulates mRNA expression of ADIPOQ, LEP and LEPR in bovine adipocytes SO GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Adenovirus; Adipocyte; Bovine; FABP4; shRNA ID ACID-BINDING PROTEIN; FATTY-ACID-BINDING-PROTEIN-4 GENE; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; MEAT ANIMALS; CATTLE; DIFFERENTIATION; PREADIPOCYTES; MUSCLE; CELLS AB Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an important adipocyte gene, with roles in fatty acid transport and fat deposition in animals as well as human metabolic syndrome. However, little is known about the functional regulation of FABP4 at the cellular level in bovine. We designed and selected an effective shRNA (small hairpin RNA) against bovine FABP4, constructed a corresponding adenovirus (AD-FABP4), and then detected its influence on mRNA expression of four differentiation-related genes (PPAR gamma, CEBPA, CEBPB, and SREBF1) and three lipid metabolism-related genes (ADIPOQ, LEP and LEPR) of adipocytes. The FABP4 mRNA content, derived from bovine adipocytes, decreased by 41% (P < 0.01) after 24 h and 66% (P < 0.01) after 72 h of AD-FABP4 infection. However, lower mRNA content of FABP4 did not significantly alter levels of differentiation-related gene expression at 24 h following AD-FABP4 treatment of bovine-derived preadipocytes (P = 0.54, 0.78, 0.89, and 0.94, respectively). Meanwhile, knocking down (partially silencing) FABP4 significantly decreased ADIPOQ (P < 0.05) and LEP (P < 0.01) gene expression after 24 h of AD-FABP4 treatment, decreased ADIPOQ (P < 0.01) and LEP (P < 0.01) gene expression, but increased LEPR mRNA expression (P < 0.01) after a 72-h treatment of bovine preadipocytes. We conclude that FABP4 plays a role in fat deposition and metabolic syndrome by regulating lipid metabolism-related genes (such as ADIPOQ, LEP and LEPR), without affecting the ability of preadipocytes to differentiate into adipocytes. C1 [Wei, S.; Zan, L. S.; Wang, H. B.; Cheng, G.] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zan, L. S.] Natl Beef Cattle Improvement Ctr, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wei, S.; Du, M.; Jiang, Z.; Dodson, M. V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hausman, G. J.] USDA, ARS, Athens, GA USA. [McFarland, D. C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Zan, LS (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM zanls@yahoo.com.cn; dodson@wsu.edu RI Du, Min/H-4311-2011; Jiang, Zhihua/A-3378-2008 OI Du, Min/0000-0002-7232-072X; Jiang, Zhihua/0000-0003-1986-088X FU China National Twelfth "Five Year'' Science and Technology Support Project [2011BAD28B04-03]; China National 863 Program [2011AA100307]; China GMO New Varieties Major Project [2011ZX08007-002]; China National Beef and Yak Industrial Technology System [CARS-38]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team of China [IRT0940]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31272411, 31000998] FX Research supported by the China National Twelfth "Five Year'' Science and Technology Support Project (#2011BAD28B04-03), the China National 863 Program (#2011AA100307), the China GMO New Varieties Major Project (#2011ZX08007-002), the China National Beef and Yak Industrial Technology System (CARS-38), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team of China (IRT0940), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#31272411, #31000998). NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU FUNPEC-EDITORA PI RIBEIRAO PRETO PA RUA HUDSON 655, JARDIM CANADA, RIBEIRAO PRETO, SP, BRAZIL SN 1676-5680 J9 GENET MOL RES JI Genet. Mol. Res. PY 2013 VL 12 IS 1 BP 494 EP 505 DI 10.4238/2013.January.4.21 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 143JS UT WOS:000318864400054 PM 23315880 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Kays, SE AF Kim, Yookyung Kays, Sandra E. TI Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy prediction of trans and cis fats in ground cereal products at different resolutions SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE FT-NIR; trans fat; cis fat; cereal products; resolution ID EDIBLE OILS; FT-NIR; ACIDS; SPECTRA AB In this study, Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was investigated for use as a tool to determine the trans and cis fat contents in ground cereal products without the need for further oil extraction. To compare the calibration results obtained at different resolutions, the near infrared (NIR) spectra of samples were obtained using an FT-NIR spectrometer at resolutions of 4 cm(-1), 8 cm(-1) and 16 cm(-1). Fat contents of samples were determined using a gas chromatography method. Generally, higher resolution provides better predictions for all types of fats. Each type of fat had its own optimum resolution: 4 cm(-1) for trans and 8 cm(-1) for cis fat models. At optimal resolution, the models predicted trans and cis fat contents with a SEP and r(2) of 0.75% and 0.96, and 0.70% and 0.96, respectively. The results indicated that the trans and cis fat content of cereal products could be determined in minutes without the need for oil extraction within the accuracy required for sample screening (RPD=4.3 or 4.81. C1 [Kim, Yookyung] Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Kays, Sandra E.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM yookyung_kim@korea.ac.kr FU Korea University grant FX This research was supported by a Korea University grant. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2013 VL 21 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 145OF UT WOS:000319025600006 ER PT J AU Kim, J Choi, B Natarajan, S Bae, H AF Kim, Jonggeun Choi, Bosung Natarajan, Savithiry Bae, Hanhong TI Expression analysis of kenaf cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) ortholog during developmental and stress responses SO PLANT OMICS LA English DT Article DE Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus); phenylpropanoid pathway; C4H (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase); lignification; abiotic stresses ID PHENYLALANINE-AMMONIA-LYASE; WOUND-INDUCED EXPRESSION; HIBISCUS-CANNABINUS L.; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; METHYL JASMONATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; THEOBROMA-CACAO AB This study was conducted to clone and analyze the expression pattern of a C4H gene encoding cinnamate 4-hydroxylase from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). The full-length of the C4H ortholog was cloned using degenerate primers and the RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) method. The full-length C4H ortholog contained a 1,518-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 505 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed that kenaf C4H had the highest similarity (95%) with that of Gossypium arboretum. We examined the expression patterns of the C4H ortholog in diverse tissues and at different developmental stages, as well as in response to abiotic stress conditions such as wounding, NaCl, cold, H2O2, ABA (abscisic acid) and SA (salicylic acid). Three-week-old stem tissues were used to examine the effects of abiotic stresses on C4H ortholog expression. While the highest transcript level of C4H ortholog was observed at an early stage in both stems and leaves, the transcripts were most abundant in the late stage flowers. In cases of wounding and SA, early induction of the C4H ortholog was observed. Conversely, H2O2 led to intermediate induction, while cold and ABA led to late induction. NaCl treatment showed different expression patterns such as complex biphasic expression. In summary, the C4H ortholog was expressed in all tissues and organs, as well as in response to various treatments. C1 [Kim, Jonggeun; Choi, Bosung; Bae, Hanhong] Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Gyongsan 712749, South Korea. [Natarajan, Savithiry] ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Natarajan, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM savi.natarajan@ars.usda.gov; hanhongbae@ynu.ac.kr FU Yeungnam University [212-A-380-256] FX This research was supported by the Yeungnam University Research Grant in 212-A-380-256. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOUTHERN CROSS PUBL PI LISMORE PA 8 91-93 MCKENZIE ST, LISMORE, NSW 2480, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-0661 J9 PLANT OMICS JI Plant Omics PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 127RH UT WOS:000317715600008 ER PT J AU Liu, J Xu, LP Guo, JL Chen, RK Grisham, MP Que, YX AF Liu, Jing Xu, Liping Guo, Jinlong Chen, Rukai Grisham, Michael Paul Que, Youxiong TI Development of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Detection of Leifsonia xyli subsp xyli in Sugarcane SO BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID RATOON STUNTING DISEASE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CAUSAL BACTERIUM; RAPID DETECTION; CLAVIBACTER; VIRUS; NOV; DNA AB Ratoon stunt, caused by the xylem-limited coryneform bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx), is a deep bacteriosis and prevalent in most of sugarcane-producing countries. Based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), we developed a method for detecting Lxx. The major advantages of the LAMP method are visual judgment by color and time saving with only 60 min for identification of Lxx and without the need for costly PCR apparatus and gel scanner. In the present study, positive and negative samples detected by the LAMP method were clearly distinguishable. When total DNA extracted from internode juice was used as the template, the sensitivity of LAMP was 10 times higher than that of the conventional PCR detection. The LAMP assay is a highly specific, rapid, and sensitive method for the diagnosis of ratoon stunt caused by Lxx in sugarcane. This is the first report of LAMP-based assay for the detection of Lxx in sugarcane. C1 [Liu, Jing; Xu, Liping; Guo, Jinlong; Chen, Rukai; Que, Youxiong] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Sugarcane Biol & Genet Breeding, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Grisham, Michael Paul] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Xu, LP (reprint author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Sugarcane Biol & Genet Breeding, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM xlpmail@yahoo.com.cn; queyouxiong@hotmail.com OI Que, Youxiong/0000-0003-1111-5834 FU earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System [CARS-20]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871581]; Research Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists in Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University [xjq201202] FX This work was supported by the earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-20), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 30871581), and the Research Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists in Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (xjq201202). The authors appreciate all ideas and constructive criticism from all reviewers. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2314-6133 J9 BIOMED RES INT JI Biomed Res. Int. PY 2013 AR 357692 DI 10.1155/2013/357692 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 141JP UT WOS:000318721800001 ER PT J AU Bosy-Westphal, A Schautz, B Later, W Kehayias, JJ Gallagher, D Muller, MJ AF Bosy-Westphal, A. Schautz, B. Later, W. Kehayias, J. J. Gallagher, D. Mueller, M. J. TI What makes a BIA equation unique? Validity of eight-electrode multifrequency BIA to estimate body composition in a healthy adult population SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body composition analysis; bioelectrical impedance; body shape; ethnicity; reference methods; four-compartment model ID BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; FAT-FREE MASS; WHOLE-BODY; PREDICTION; DILUTION; OBESITY; WATER; MODEL AB BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for body composition analysis is limited by assumptions relating to body shape. Improvement in BIA technology could overcome these limitations and reduce the population specificity of the BIA algorithm. SUBJECTS/METHODS: BIA equations for the prediction of fat-free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were generated from data obtained on 124 Caucasians (body mass index 18.5-35 kg/m(2)) using a four-compartment model and dilution techniques as references. The algorithms were validated in an independent multiethnic population (n = 130). The validity of BIA results was compared (i) between ethnic groups and (ii) with results from the four-compartment model and two-compartment methods (air-displacement plethysmography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and deuterium dilution). RESULTS: Indices were developed from segmental R and Xc values to represent the relative contribution of trunk and limbs to total body conductivity. The coefficient of determination for all prediction equations was high (R-2: 0.94 for ECW, 0.98 for FFM and 0.98 for TBW) and root mean square error was low (1.9 kg for FFM, 0.8 l for ECW and 1.3 kg for TBW). The bias between BIA results and different reference methods was not statistically different between Afro-American, Hispanic, Asian or Caucasian populations and showed a similar difference (- 0.2-0.2 kg FFM) when compared with the bias between different two-compartment reference methods (- 0.2-0.3 kg FFM). CONCLUSIONS: An eight-electrode, segmental multifrequency BIA is a valid tool to estimate body composition in healthy euvolemic adults compared with the validity and precision of other two-compartment reference methods. Population specificity is of minor importance when compared with discrepancies between different reference methods. C1 [Bosy-Westphal, A.; Schautz, B.; Later, W.; Mueller, M. J.] Univ Kiel, Inst Humanernahrung & Lebensmittelkunde, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Bosy-Westphal, A.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Ernahrungsmed, Stuttgart, Germany. [Kehayias, J. J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Gallagher, D.] St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, New York Obes Nutr Res Ctr, Body Composit Unit, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Bosy-Westphal, A (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Humanernahrung & Lebensmittelkunde, Dusternbrooker Weg 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM abosyw@nutrfoodsc.uni-kiel.de OI Gallagher, Dympna/0000-0003-1769-9754 FU seca Gmbh & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany; Medicom; seca; Unilever; National Institutes of Health [P30-DK26687] FX ABW and MJM serve as consultants for seca Gmbh & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany. ABW has also received lecture fees from Medicom, seca and Unilever. DG has received lecture fees from seca. JJK serves as a consultant to Abbott Nutrition, Ohio, USA. JJK has also received grant support from Unilever and seca. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.The research funding for this study was provided by seca Gmbh & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany. The research in New York was also supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant P30-DK26687. Publication of this article was supported by a grant from seca Gmbh & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 67 SU 1 BP S14 EP S21 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2012.160 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 140XJ UT WOS:000318689500004 PM 23299866 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Nafus, AM AF Davies, Kirk W. Nafus, Aleta M. TI Exotic annual grass invasion alters fuel amounts, continuity and moisture content SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass; fire risk; invasive plants; wildfire ID BROMUS-TECTORUM L; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; ALIEN PLANTS; NORTH-AMERICA; FIRE REGIMES; COMMUNITIES; AUSTRALIA; WOODLAND; DYNAMICS; DISTURBANCE AB Many exotic annual grasses are believed to increase wildfire frequency to the detriment of native vegetation by increasing fine fuels and thus, creating a grass-fire cycle. However, information on differences in fuel characteristics between invaded and non-invaded plant communities is lacking, or is based mainly on speculation and anecdotal evidence. We compared fuel biomass, cover, continuity and moisture content in plant communities invaded and not invaded by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), an exotic annual grass, in 2010 and 2011 in south-eastern Oregon, USA. Annual grass-invaded communities had higher fine fuel amounts, greater fuel continuity, smaller fuel gaps and lower fuel moisture content than did non-invaded plant communities. These conditions would increase the probability that ignition sources would contact combustible fuels and that fires would propagate. Fuel characteristics in the annual grass-invaded communities in our study may also support faster spreading fires. Fuel moisture content was low enough to burn readily more than a month earlier in annual grass-invaded communities than in non-invaded communities, thereby expanding the wildfire season. The cumulative effect of these differences in fuel characteristics between exotic annual grass-invaded and non-invaded plant communities is an increased potential for frequent, large-scale, fast-spreading wildfires. We suggest that research is needed to develop methods to mediate and reverse these changes in fuel characteristics associated with B. tectorum invasion. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Nafus, Aleta M.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 67826-A Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU USDA - Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State University FX The authors thank Savannah Duff, Brandi Carlon, Sarah Fitzpatrick, Julie Garner and Rodney Johnson for assisting with data collection. The authors are also grateful to Dustin Johnson and Matt Madsen for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. Constructive reviews by anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor were also appreciated. The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by USDA - Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State University. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 40 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1071/WF11161 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 142LE UT WOS:000318798100009 ER PT J AU Monroe, MC Agrawal, S Jakes, PJ Kruger, LE Nelson, KC Sturtevant, V AF Monroe, Martha C. Agrawal, Shruti Jakes, Pamela J. Kruger, Linda E. Nelson, Kristen C. Sturtevant, Victoria TI Identifying Indicators of Behavior Change: Insights From Wildfire Education Programs SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE adult education; behavior change; indicators; program evaluation; wildfire ID ENVIRONMENTAL-EDUCATION; MANAGEMENT; FIRE; FRAMEWORK AB Environmental educators are challenged to document behavior changes, because change rarely depends solely on outcomes of education programs, but on many factors. An analysis of 15 communities in the United States that have increased their preparedness for wildfire allowed us to explore how education programs encouraged individual and community change. Agency-sponsored adult educational programs helped communities change their philosophy about firefighting, pass ordinances that restrict individual property rights, and empower residents to reduce their wildfire risk. This article explores several outcomes of these programs and offers suggested indicators of change that might be useful for education program evaluation. C1 [Monroe, Martha C.; Agrawal, Shruti] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jakes, Pamela J.] US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN USA. [Kruger, Linda E.] US Forest Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Nelson, Kristen C.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sturtevant, Victoria] Southern Oregon Univ, Ashland, OR USA. RP Monroe, MC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410,347 NZ Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mcmonroe@ufl.edu NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 17 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0095-8964 J9 J ENVIRON EDUC JI J. Environ. Educ. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 44 IS 3 BP 180 EP 194 DI 10.1080/00958964.2012.746277 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Environmental Studies SC Education & Educational Research; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141OF UT WOS:000318733800003 ER PT J AU van Noort, S Buffington, ML AF van Noort, Simon Buffington, Matthew L. TI Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea, Liopteridae), with the first record of Paramblynotus from Madagascar SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Africa; Afrotropical region; Cynipoidea; Hymenoptera; identification key; Liopteridae; Madagascar; Mayrellinae; systematics ID FIG WASPS; HYMENOPTERA; HISTORY AB The liopterid subfamily Mayrellinae is revised for the Afrotropical region including the description of the following nine new species of Paramblynotus Cameron: Paramblynotus alexandriensis Buffington & van Noort sp. n.; Paramblynotus bayangensis van Noort & Buffington sp. n.; Paramblynotus behara van Noort & Buffington sp. n.; Paramblynotus dzangasangha van Noort & Buffington sp. n.; Paramblynotus matele van Noort & Buffington sp. n.; Paramblynotus parinari Buffington & van Noort sp. n.; Paramblynotus ruvubuensis van Noort & Buffington sp. n..; Paramblynotus seyrigi van Noort & Buffington sp. n.; Paramblynotus zohy van Noort & Buffington sp. n. The genus Paramblynotus is recorded from Madagascar for the first time, with representatives of two species-groups being present on the island: the Paramblynotus yangambicolous species-group and the new Paramblynotus seyrigi species-group, which we erect here to accommodate a single, but highly distinctive new species possessing apomorphic character states. The latter species-group is possibly endemic to Madagascar. We provide identification keys to the species-groups and species occurring in the Afrotropical region. Online dichotomous and interactive Lucid keys are available at http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Keys/index.htm C1 [van Noort, Simon] Iziko South African Museum, Nat Hist Dept, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. [van Noort, Simon] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Buffington, Matthew L.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP van Noort, S (reprint author), Iziko South African Museum, Nat Hist Dept, POB 61, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. EM svannoort@iziko.org.za RI van Noort, Simon/C-4006-2017 OI van Noort, Simon/0000-0001-6930-9741 FU South African National Research Foundation [GUN 2068865, GUN 61497, GUN 79004, GUN 79211, GUN 81139]; Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA/ARS; World Wildlife Fund (US) FX SVN was funded by South African National Research Foundation grants: GUN 2068865; GUN 61497; GUN 79004; GUN 79211; GUN 81139. MLB was funded by the Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA/ARS. The expedition to the Central African Republic was supported by funds from the World Wildlife Fund (US). The Ugandan Wildlife Authority and UNCST provided permits to conduct research in Uganda. We thank Dr. Richard Bagine, Director of Research, Kenya Wildlife Service for granting R. S. Copeland permission to sample in Kenyan National Parks and Reserves. Dr. Helida Oyieke, Head of Collections and Research, National Museums of Kenya, was instrumental in granting permission to loan insects for study. We thank Mattias Forshage (Swedish Museum of Natural History) for his careful review of the manuscript including numerous helpful suggestions and Istvan Miko (Pennsylvania State University) for formulating the URI table. We also acknowledge MorphBank (http://www.morphbank.net), Florida State University, School of Computational Science, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4026, USA. The USDA is an equal provider and employer. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 EI 1314-2607 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2013 VL 31 BP 1 EP 64 DI 10.3897/JHR.31.4072 PG 64 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 140OU UT WOS:000318665600001 ER PT J AU Pittman, B Jones, JR Millspaugh, JJ Kremer, RJ Downing, JA AF Pittman, Brady Jones, John R. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Kremer, Robert J. Downing, John A. TI Sediment organic carbon distribution in 4 small northern Missouri impoundments: implications for sampling and carbon sequestration SO INLAND WATERS LA English DT Article DE carbon cycling; sediment organic carbon; sampling; Missouri reservoirs ID RESERVOIR SEDIMENTS; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; NUTRIENT CRITERIA; CATCHMENT; CYCLE; UK; ACCUMULATION; PHOSPHORUS; PONDS AB Four small impoundments (5-25 ha) in the Glacial Plains of the Midwestern USA were intensively sampled to determine the concentration and spatial distribution of sediment organic carbon (OC; 31-40 cores per reservoir, averaging 2.7 samples per hectare). Burial rates for sediment OC varied from 183 to 279 g OC m(-2) a(-1) over the lifetime of these reservoirs (about 50 years). Organic carbon averaged 39.4 mg per gram dry sediment (n = 137) and mean values varied from 20.3 to 54.8 mg OC per gram dry sediment among the reservoirs; these concentrations are within the mid-range of values reported from other lakes and reservoirs. Spatial distribution of OC generally showed an increase from the inflow to the dam and in some cases lateral gradients that varied by a factor of 2. Based on simple random sampling, 10 core samples provide relative precision of around 25% and equate to a mean of 0.8 samples per hectare. This analysis of sampling effort will be useful for global up-scaling of carbon sequestration in small impoundments. C1 [Pittman, Brady; Jones, John R.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Kremer, Robert J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. RP Jones, JR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jonesj@missouri.edu FU Missouri Department of Natural Resources and the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was funded by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources and the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. We thank Daniel Obrecht, Jason Hubbart, Jim Ortbals, Lada Micheas, Mark Ellersieck, Chistopher Wikle, Hong He, Robert Gitzen, Brett Giangiacomo, and many others for technical assistance. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 35 PU FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI AMBLESIDE PA THE FERRY HOUSE, FAR SAWREY, AMBLESIDE, CUMBRIA LA22 0LP, ENGLAND SN 2044-2041 J9 INLAND WATERS JI Inland Waters PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.5268/IW-3.1.507 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 135DS UT WOS:000318267100004 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, MAQ de Almeida, AAF Mielke, MS Gomes, FP Pires, MV Baligar, VC AF Quinteiro Ribeiro, Miguel Antonio de Almeida, Alex-Alan Furtado Mielke, Marcelo Schramm Gomes, Fabio Pinto Pires, Marcel Viana Baligar, Virupax C. TI ALUMINUM EFFECTS ON GROWTH, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND MINERAL NUTRITION OF CACAO GENOTYPES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll fluorescence; dry biomass; leaf gas exchange; mineral nutrients; toxic aluminum ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; ZEA-MAYS L.; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; STRESSED WHEAT; COFFEA-ARABICA; HIGHER-PLANTS; ROOT-GROWTH; TOXICITY AB A solution culture experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with two cacao genotypes (Catongo and Theobahia). Plants were subjected to seven aluminum (Al) concentrations and Al effects on growth, photosynthesis, and mineral content were assessed. Inter-genotypic differences for F-o,F- F-m and F-v fluorescences, as well as for F-v/F-m, were observed with increasing Al concentrations. There was a decreasing of F-o, F-m, F-v and F-v/F-m for the Catongo. Increasing Al concentration decreased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration rate, however, inter-genotypic differences in these parameters were not observed. The Al-treatments decreased content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in different plant parts, with the exception of K content in stems of Theobahia and in leaves of both genotypes. Theobahia showed higher tolerance to Al phytotoxicity, manifested mainly in the higher levels of Al in the growth medium. Inter-genotypic differences were observed in the growth and mineral nutrition. C1 [Quinteiro Ribeiro, Miguel Antonio; de Almeida, Alex-Alan Furtado; Mielke, Marcelo Schramm; Gomes, Fabio Pinto; Pires, Marcel Viana] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, DCB, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Baligar, Virupax C.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP de Almeida, AAF (reprint author), Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, DCB, Rod Ilheus Itabuna,Km 16, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. EM alexalan.uesc@gmail.com RI Pires, Marcel/K-5161-2012; Mielke, Marcelo/F-3419-2010 OI Pires, Marcel/0000-0002-4929-8608; FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil FX The corresponding and senior authors gratefully acknowledges the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil, for the award of a fellowship of scientific productivity. We thank Dr. C. D. Foy for excellent peer review of this paper. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1161 EP 1179 DI 10.1080/01904167.2013.766889 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136EX UT WOS:000318345800001 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JL Cruse, RM Tomer, MD AF Hatfield, J. L. Cruse, R. M. Tomer, M. D. TI Convergence of agricultural intensification and climate change in the Midwestern United States: implications for soil and water conservation SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE agroecosystems; food security; hypoxia; soil management ID ENDOSPERM CELL-DIVISION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; TILE DRAINAGE; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; CROP PRODUCTION; NITRATE LOSSES; NITROGEN LOAD; FOOD SECURITY; RACCOON RIVER AB Society faces substantial challenges to expand food production while adapting to climatic changes and ensuring ecosystem services are maintained. A convergence of these issues is occurring in the Midwestern United States, i.e. the 'cornbelt' region that provides substantial grain supplies to world markets but is also well known for its contribution to hypoxic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico due to agricultural nutrient losses. This review examines anticipated trends in climate and possible consequences for grain production and soil resource management in this region. The historic climate of this region has been ideal for large-scale agriculture, and its soils are among the world's most productive. Yet under current trends, degradation of the soil resource threatens our capacity to ensure a stable food supply and a clean environment in the face of a changing climate. A set of strategies and practices can be implemented to meet these challenges by maintaining and improving hydrologic and plant-growth functions of soil, which will improve outcomes for aquatic ecosystems and for the agricultural sector. Soil management ensures our long-term capacity to provide a reliable food supply, and mitigates pressures to expand agricultural practices into marginal croplands that would lead to further environmental degradation. C1 [Hatfield, J. L.; Tomer, M. D.] USDA, ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cruse, R. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tomer, MD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark.tomer@ars.usda.gov NR 72 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 66 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2013 VL 64 IS 5 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1071/MF12164 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 136MB UT WOS:000318364900006 ER PT J AU Baptista, C Lopes, MS Tavares, AC Rojer, H Kappmeyer, L Mendonca, D Machado, AD AF Baptista, Claudio Lopes, Maria S. Tavares, Ana C. Rojer, Horst Kappmeyer, Lowell Mendonca, Duarte Machado, Artur da Camara TI Diagnosis of Theileria equi infections in horses in the Azores using cELISA and nested PCR SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Theileria equi; Azores; cELISA; Nested PCR ID BABESIA-CABALLI; TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION; LAVERAN; FOALS AB Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease of equids that is often caused by the parasite Theileria equi. We applied competitive ELISA (cELISA) and nested PCR diagnostic methods to detect this parasite in horses by screening 162 samples from mainland Portugal where the parasite is endemic, and 143 from the Azores representing both native and imported horse populations. We found that 2.8% of the Azorean samples tested positive exclusively by cELISA, 1.4% tested positive only by nested PCR, and 9.1% tested positive using both tests. Samples from the native Terceira Pony population were negative for both tests. The parasite was more prevalent in samples from mainland Portugal when both test methods were considered (9.3% positive exclusively by cELISA, 1.9% positive exclusively by nested PCR, and 16.7% positive for both tests). To our knowledge, this is the first time that molecular techniques have been used to detect T. equi in the Azores and the first report of this parasite in the archipelago. Based on this study, it is clear that the import of horses into the Azores and the movement of horses between the islands must be controlled to reduce the risk of new infections, contributing to the protection of native horse populations such as the Terceira Pony population. (c) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Baptista, Claudio; Lopes, Maria S.; Tavares, Ana C.; Rojer, Horst; Mendonca, Duarte; Machado, Artur da Camara] Univ Azores, Associated Lab Inst Biotechnol & Bioengn, Biotechnol Ctr Azores, P-9700042 Angra Do Heroismo, Portugal. [Kappmeyer, Lowell] USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Machado, AD (reprint author), Univ Azores, Associated Lab Inst Biotechnol & Bioengn, Biotechnol Ctr Azores, Rua Capitao Joao DAvila, P-9700042 Angra Do Heroismo, Portugal. EM amachado@uac.pt RI Mendonca, Duarte/I-7168-2013; da Camara Machado, Artur/J-8668-2013; Lopes, Maria /J-5379-2013 OI Mendonca, Duarte/0000-0003-1478-630X; da Camara Machado, Artur/0000-0002-6098-502X; Lopes, Maria /0000-0003-1170-9771 FU FCT; DRCT [M3.1.7/F/023/2011, M3.1.7/F/007/2010]; FRCT [M3.1.7/I/010/2009] FX LA-IBB-CBA-UAc is supported by FCT and DRCT. M.S. Lopes was supported by DRCT M3.1.7/F/023/2011, H. Rojer by DRCT M3.1.7/F/007/2010, and D. Mendonca by FRCT M3.1.7/I/010/2009. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2013 VL 4 IS 3 BP 242 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.11.008 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA 136VN UT WOS:000318391600013 PM 23337492 ER PT J AU Zheng, DL Ducey, MJ Heath, LS AF Zheng, Daolan Ducey, Mark J. Heath, Linda S. TI Assessing net carbon sequestration on urban and community forests of northern New England, USA SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Forest carbon sequestration; Housing density; Percentage canopy cover; Net forest growth rate; Social and ecological studies ID LAND-COVER DATABASE; UNITED-STATES; CANOPY AB Urban and community forests play an important role in the overall carbon budget of the USA. Accurately quantifying carbon sequestration by these forests can provide insight for strategic planning to mitigate greenhouse gas effects on climate change. This study provides a new methodology to estimate net forest carbon sequestration (FCS) in urban and community lands of northern New England using ground based forest growth rates, housing density data, satellite derived land cover and tree canopy cover maps at the county level. We estimated that the region's urban and community forests sequestered 603,200 tC/yr ($38.7 million/yr value), contributing 8.2% of regional net forest ecosystem carbon sequestration. The contributions at the state level varied from 2.3% in Vermont to 16.6% in New Hampshire with substantial variation at the county level up to 73.3%. Spatially, contribution rates from urban and community forests at the county level were much higher and concentrated in southeast portion of NH and southwest portion of ME along the coast, and decreased toward inland areas. Our estimated net FCS compared reasonably with gross FCS in the region reported by a previous study. On average, the net FCS was 34.2% lower (varying from 41.9% lower in Vermont to 28.1% lower in Maine) than the corresponding gross FCS mainly because of a lower regional average net growth rate used in this study, compared to the national average gross carbon sequestration rate used in the previous study. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Zheng, Daolan; Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Zheng, DL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM daolan.zheng@unh.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 FU USDA Forest Service [05-DG-11242343-074]; UNH [09JV11242305052]; USFS Northern Research Station Work Unit NRS-5 [09JV11242305052] FX Funding support. for this study was primarily provided by the USDA Forest Service, through grant 05-DG-11242343-074 and partly supported by a Research Joint Venture Agreement between the UNH and USFS Northern Research Station Work Unit NRS-5 (09JV11242305052). We thank Dr. Ted Howard for his insights on economic issues. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2013 VL 12 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2012.10.003 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA 112HC UT WOS:000316582300009 ER PT J AU Lapenis, AG Lawrence, GB Heim, A Zheng, CY Shortle, W AF Lapenis, Andrei G. Lawrence, Gregory B. Heim, Alexander Zheng, Chengyang Shortle, Walter TI Climate warming shifts carbon allocation from stemwood to roots in calcium-depleted spruce forests SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE-GROWTH; NORWAY SPRUCE; BUD BURST; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; ACCUMULATION; DEPOSITION; LATITUDES; RESPONSES AB Increased greening of northern forests, measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), has been presented as evidence that a warmer climate has increased both net primary productivity (NPP) and the carbon sink in boreal forests. However, higher production and greener canopies may accompany changes in carbon allocation that favor foliage or fine roots over less decomposable woody biomass. Furthermore, tree core data throughout mid- and northern latitudes have revealed a divergence problem (DP), a weakening in tree ring responses to warming over the past half century that is receiving increasing attention, but remains poorly understood. Often, the same sites exhibit trend inconsistency phenomenon (TIP), namely positive, or no trends in growing season NDVI where negative trends in tree ring indexes are observed. Here we studied growth of two Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in western Russia that exhibited both the DP and TIP but were subject to soil acidification and calcium depletion of differing timing and severity. Our results link the decline in radial growth starting in 1980 to a shift in carbon allocation from wood to roots driven by a combination of two factors: (a) soil acidification that depleted calcium and impaired root function and (b) earlier onset of the growing season that further taxed the root system. The latter change in phenology appears to act as a trigger at both sites to push trees into nutrient limitation as the demand for Ca increased with the longer growing season, thereby causing the shift in carbon allocation. C1 [Lapenis, Andrei G.] SUNY Albany, Dept Geog, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] USGS, New York Water Sci Res Ctr, Troy, NY USA. [Heim, Alexander] Klaus Buchel Environm Consulting, Zurich, Switzerland. [Heim, Alexander] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Zheng, Chengyang] Peking Univ, Dept Geog, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Shortle, Walter] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. RP Lapenis, AG (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Geog, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM reil@albany.edu NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1029/2011GB004268 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 135GB UT WOS:000318275300010 ER PT J AU Chen, GQ Zhang, CB Ma, L Qiang, S Silander, JA Li, LQ AF Chen Guo-qi Zhang Chao-bin Ma Ling Qiang Sheng Silander, John A. Li Li Qi TI Biotic Homogenization Caused by the Invasion of Solidago canadensis in China SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; control site; field survey; geographic distance; invasive population; native population; similarity ID TAXONOMIC HOMOGENIZATION; SPECIES INVASIONS; ALIEN PLANTS; DIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; ASSEMBLAGES; SIMILARITY; REDUCTION; AMERICA; HISTORY AB Although studies argue that invasive species can cause biotic differentiation, some cases show that biological invasions actually decrease biodiversity through biotic homogenization. The concept of biotic homogenization through the invasion of a certain serious invasive plant species merit more studies. Hence, we used field surveys to quantitatively compare invasive populations of Solidago canadensis (SC) in China with the control sites (adjacent sites to SC present sites yet without the species) and SC native populations in the USA. We found that plant communities in SC invaded habitats shared similarities with those in SC native ranges. Bray-Curtis similarity clearly showed that the composition of plant communities in SC invaded habitats were similar to those in SC native ranges. Both in the native and introduced range, plant communities with SC present were characterized by SC being dominant, significantly lower species richness, alpha-diversity and beta-diversity, as well as a decrease in the correlation coefficient between geographic distance and floristic similarities. SC favors fertile and moist loam habitat, while it dominated in various habitats in China, where more than 20 different dominants should have occurred. In conclusion, serious invasive species can quickly remodel and homogenize diverse communities by dominating them. C1 [Chen Guo-qi; Zhang Chao-bin; Ma Ling; Qiang Sheng] Nanjing Agr Univ, Weed Res Lab, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Silander, John A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT USA. [Li Li Qi] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Qiang, S (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Weed Res Lab, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM chenguoqi_21@163.com; wrl@njau.edu.cn FU National Basic Research and Development Program of China [2009CB1192]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31070482]; 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of P. R. China [B07030] FX This research was supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (2009CB1192), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070482) and the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of P. R. China (B07030). We thank Prof. Jan Molofsky (Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont), Dr. Laura Meyerson (Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island), Prof. Yi Li (Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut), Dr. John Lydon (Plant Sciences Institute, USDA), Prof. Stephen C Welle (Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University) and their students for providing assistance during field surveys in the USA. Also, we thank Zhang Ying (Nanjing Agriculture University, China) for her help during field surveys in China, and Reto J Strasser (University of Geneva, Switzerland) for his help in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2095-3119 J9 J INTEGR AGR JI J. Integr. Agric. PY 2013 VL 12 IS 5 BP 835 EP 845 DI 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60302-0 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 134KC UT WOS:000318208100011 ER PT J AU Elder, T Bozell, JJ Cedeno, D AF Elder, Thomas Bozell, Joseph J. Cedeno, Diana TI The effect of axial ligand on the oxidation of syringyl alcohol by Co(salen) adducts SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SCHIFF-BASE COMPLEXES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OXYGEN-CARRIER; COORDINATION GEOMETRY; COBALT(II) COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; LOW-SPIN; DIOXYGEN; BINDING AB Experimental work on the oxidation of the lignin model, syringyl alcohol, using oxygen and a Co(salen) catalyst has revealed variations in yield with different imidazole-based axial ligands. A reasonable linear relationship was found between product yield and pK(a) of the axial ligand. The current work, using density functional calculations, examined geometric, electronic, and energetic parameters to determine if additional quantitative relationships can be identified and used in subsequent catalyst design. Good relationships with yield were identified with the geometry of the salen ligand and the charge on the ligand nitrogen coordinated to the cobalt. C1 [Elder, Thomas] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Bozell, Joseph J.; Cedeno, Diana] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bozell, Joseph J.; Cedeno, Diana] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Catalyt Convers Biomass C3Bio, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Elder, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM telder@fs.fed.us; jbozell@utk.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 52 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 19 BP 7328 EP 7337 DI 10.1039/c3cp44404j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131GK UT WOS:000317980600039 PM 23576013 ER PT J AU Backsen, JC Howell, B AF Backsen, Justin C. Howell, Brian TI Comparing Aerial Detection and Photo Interpretation for Conducting Forest Health Surveys SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE aerial sketchmapping; mountain pine beetle; Black Hills National Forest ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION IMAGERY; MORTALITY; OUTBREAK; ATTACK AB Surveys to detect damage on forested lands occur annually across the United States. Historically, much of these data have been collected by observers in aircraft documenting visible damage using a technique known as aerial detection survey (ADS) or sketchmapping. ADS is an efficient method but produces coarse scale data. We used one meter natural color imagery to conduct a photo interpretation survey (PIS) to compare the resulting data with the annual ADS data. The study area consists of a portion of the Black Hills National Forest that is currently experiencing mountain pine beetle-induced conifer mortality. Ground plots were used to compare how accurately each survey method delineated forest damage and results indicate a statistically significant difference (alpha 0.05) between ADS and PIS and a trend toward no significant difference when a buffer is considered. Substantial differences in the average size of polygons, total number of polygons, and total area mapped were observed. Our results indicate that current estimates of mortality intensity in our study area are low and remedies should be investigated. Photo surveys over the Black Hills National Forest are less efficient but yield damage polygons with higher accuracy and with fewer errors of commission than traditional ADS. C1 [Backsen, Justin C.] USDA, Forest Serv, FHM, Golden, CO USA. [Howell, Brian] USDA, Golden, CO USA. RP Backsen, JC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, FHM, Golden, CO USA. EM jbacksen@fs.fed.us; behowell@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.5849/wjaf.12-010 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 130ZA UT WOS:000317958300001 ER PT J AU Codling, EE AF Codling, Eton E. TI PHOSPHORUS AND ARSENIC UPTAKE BY CORN, WHEAT AND SOYBEAN FROM BROILER LITTER ASH AND EGG LAYER MANURE ASH SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE poultry litter ash; corn; wheat soybean ID POULTRY LITTER; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; SOILS; ROXARSONE; RESIDUES; CROPS; YIELD AB Poultry litter is being incinerated to reduce excess litter, and the ash from incineration is being used as fertilizer. The objective of this study was to compare the availability of phosphorus (P) from broiler litter ash (BLA), egg layer manure ash (ELMA) and calcium phosphate for corn, wheat and soybean. Other elements such as arsenic are also concentrated in the ashed litter. Calcium phosphate, BLA and ELMA were mixed with soil at 40 and 80mg P kg(1). Crops were grown for about six weeks. Biomass and phosphorus concentrations were highest for plants grown on the calcium phosphate treatments. At the highest phosphorus rate, phosphorus concentrations were 1135,963 and 939mg kg(1) in corn shoot for calcium phosphate, ELMA and BLA, respectively. Arsenic concentrations for plants grown on ash treatment were similar to the control. Results from this study indicated that phosphorus in the ash was not readily available for crop uptake. C1 [Codling, Eton E.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, BARC West, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,Room 211, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Eton.codling@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1083 EP 1101 DI 10.1080/01904167.2013.776079 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 129GZ UT WOS:000317828500006 ER PT J AU Luce, CH Tonina, D Gariglio, F Applebee, R AF Luce, Charles H. Tonina, Daniele Gariglio, Frank Applebee, Ralph TI Solutions for the diurnally forced advection-diffusion equation to estimate bulk fluid velocity and diffusivity in streambeds from temperature time series SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; BENEATH ARROYOS; WATER EXCHANGE; FLOW; PROFILES; SEEPAGE; HABITAT; HEAT; SEDIMENTS AB Work over the last decade has documented methods for estimating fluxes between streams and streambeds from time series of temperature at two depths in the streambed. We present substantial extension to the existing theory and practice of using temperature time series to estimate streambed water fluxes and thermal properties, including (1) a new explicit analytical solution to predict one-dimensional fluid velocity from amplitude and phase information; (2) an inverse function, also with explicit formulation; (3) methods to estimate fluid velocity from temperature measurements with unknown depths; (4) methods to estimate thermal diffusivity from the temperature time series when measurement depths are known; (5) methods to track streambed elevation between two sensors, given knowledge of the thermal diffusivity from (4) above; (6) methods to directly calculate the potential error in velocity estimates based on the measurement error characteristics; and (7) methods for validation of parameter estimates. We also provide discussion and theoretical insights developed from the solutions to better understand the physics and scaling of the propagation of the diurnal temperature variation through the streambed. In particular, we note that the equations developed do not replace existing equations applied to the analysis, rather they are new equations representing new aspects of the process, and, as a consequence, they increase the amount of information that can be derived from a particular set of thermal measurements. Citation: Luce, C. H., D. Tonina, F. Gariglio, and R. Applebee (2013), Solutions for the diurnally forced advection-diffusion equation to estimate bulk fluid velocity and diffusivity in streambeds from temperature time series, Water Resour. Res., 49, doi: 10.1029/2012WR012380. C1 [Luce, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Tonina, Daniele; Gariglio, Frank] Univ Idaho, Coll Engn, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID USA. [Applebee, Ralph] Coll Idaho, Caldwell, ID USA. RP Luce, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Ste 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM cluce@fs.fed.us RI Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012; Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013; Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 FU U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture [RJVA 10-JV-11221634-247] FX We would like to thank Carolyn Bohn for assistance installing the wells and Jim McKean for providing materials and time for the initial measurements and background information for the interesting Bear Valley Creek experimental reach. We also thank Steve Wondzell and three anonymous reviewers for their insights and suggestions. Funding was provided for Frank Gariglio by the U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, RJVA 10-JV-11221634-247. NR 67 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 488 EP 506 DI 10.1029/2012WR012380 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 129GR UT WOS:000317827600037 ER PT J AU Berryman, E Marshall, JD Rahn, T Litvak, M Butnor, J AF Berryman, E. Marshall, J. D. Rahn, T. Litvak, M. Butnor, J. TI Decreased carbon limitation of litter respiration in a mortality-affected pinon-juniper woodland SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SOIL RESPIRATION; PRECIPITATION PULSES; DESERT ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; PLANT; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; MOISTURE AB Microbial respiration depends on microclimatic variables and carbon (C) substrate availability, all of which are altered when ecosystems experience major disturbance. Widespread tree mortality, currently affecting pinon-juniper ecosystems in southwestern North America, may affect C substrate availability in several ways, for example, via litterfall pulses and loss of root exudation. To determine pinon mortality effects on C and water limitation of microbial respiration, we applied field amendments (sucrose and water) to two pinon-juniper sites in central New Mexico, USA: one with a recent (<1 yr), experimentally induced mortality event and a nearby site with live canopy. We monitored the respiration response to water and sucrose applications to the litter surface and to the underlying mineral soil surface, testing the following hypotheses: (1) soil respiration in a pinon-juniper woodland is water-and labile C-limited in both the litter layer and mineral soil; (2) pinon mortality reduces the C limitation of litter respiration; and (3) pinon mortality enhances the C limitation of mineral soil respiration. Litter respiration at both sites responded to increased water availability, yet surprisingly, mineral soil respiration was not limited by water. Consistent with hypothesis 2, C limitation of litter respiration was lower at the recent mortality site compared to the intact canopy site. Applications to the mineral soil showed evidence of reduction in CO2 flux on the girdled site and a non-significant increase on the control. We speculate that the reduction may have been driven by water-induced carbonate dissolution, which serves as a sink for CO2 and would reduce the net flux. Widespread pinon mortality may decrease labile C limitation of litter respiration, at least during the first growing season following mortality. C1 [Berryman, E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Marshall, J. D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Rahn, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Litvak, M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Butnor, J.] Univ Vermont, USDA, US Forest Serv, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT USA. RP Berryman, E (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, 1472 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM erin.berryman@colostate.edu RI Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012; Butnor, John/P-9738-2016; OI Rahn, Thomas/0000-0001-8634-1348 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory's Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics Minigrant Program (LA-UR) [11-10329]; US Department of Energy - EPSCoR [DE-FG02-08ER46506] FX This research was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory's Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics Minigrant Program (LA-UR #11-10329) and by a grant from the US Department of Energy - EPSCoR to Marcy Litvak, Thom Rahn and Bob Sinsabaugh (#DE-FG02-08ER46506). The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Leo Stoscheck, Daniel McInnis, and Jennifer Johnson. The authors are greatly appreciative of comments from Bob Sinsabaugh, Mike Ryan, R. Dave Evans, Jodi Johnson-Maynard, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1625 EP 1634 DI 10.5194/bg-10-1625-2013 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 118FV UT WOS:000317010600025 ER PT J AU Gaff, DF Oliver, M AF Gaff, Donald F. Oliver, Melvin TI The evolution of desiccation tolerance in angiosperm plants: a rare yet common phenomenon SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE abscisic acid; Borya; Craterostigma; gene expression; modular evolution; proteome; protoplasmic drought tolerance; Sporobolus; Tortula; Xerophyta ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; PROTOPLASMIC DROUGHT TOLERANCE; GRASS SPOROBOLUS-STAPFIANUS; CRATEROSTIGMA-PLANTAGINEUM; ABSCISIC-ACID; RESURRECTION PLANTS; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; VEGETATIVE TISSUES; VASCULAR PLANTS; LEAF-CELLS AB In a minute proportion of angiosperm species, rehydrating foliage can revive from airdryness or even from equilibration with air of similar to 0% RH. Such desiccation tolerance is known from vegetative cells of some species of algae and of major groups close to the evolutionary path of the angiosperms. It is also found in the reproductive structures of some algae, moss spores and probably the aerial spores of other terrestrial cryptogamic taxa. The occurrence of desiccation tolerance in the seed plants is overwhelmingly in the aerial reproductive structures; the pollen and seed embryos. Spatially and temporally, pollen and embryos are close ontogenetic derivatives of the angiosperm microspores and megaspores respectively. This suggests that the desiccation tolerance of pollen and embryos derives from the desiccation tolerance of the spores of antecedent taxa and that the basic pollen/embryo mechanism of desiccation tolerance has eventually become expressed also in the vegetative tissue of certain angiosperm species whose drought avoidance is inadequate in microhabitats that suffer extremely xeric episodes. The protective compounds and processes that contribute to desiccation tolerance in angiosperms are found in the modern groups related to the evolutionary path leading to the angiosperms and are also present in the algae and in the cyanobacteria. The mechanism of desiccation tolerance in the angiosperms thus appears to have its origins in algal ancestors and possibly in the endosymbiotic cyanobacteria-related progenitor of chloroplasts and the bacteria-related progenitor of mitochondria. The mechanism may involve the regulation and timing of the accumulation of protective compounds and of other contributing substances and processes. C1 [Gaff, Donald F.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Oliver, Melvin] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Gaff, DF (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM don.gaff@monash.edu FU ARC [A19230441]; Meat Research Corporation [UMON.004]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [MU 94/58-14810/83] FX The authors are grateful to Dr Janet L Gaff for helpful suggestions in the preparation of the manuscript, to Dr Rana Munns for proposing it and for her encouragement, and to our colleagues Dr Cecilia K Blomstedt, John D Hamill and Dr Alan D Neale for helpful discussion. The authors' research given here was supported by grants from the ARC (A19230441), the Meat Research Corporation (UMON.004) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (MU 94/58-14810/83). NR 101 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 68 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2013 VL 40 IS 4 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1071/FP12321 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 124XX UT WOS:000317503300001 ER PT J AU Wolski, A Henry, TJ AF Wolski, Andrzej Henry, Thomas J. TI Revision of the New World species of Peritropis Uhler (Hemiptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) (vol 43, pg 213, 2012) SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Correction C1 [Wolski, Andrzej] Opole Univ, Dept Biosystemat, PL-45052 Opole, Poland. [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Wolski, A (reprint author), Opole Univ, Dept Biosystemat, Oleska 22, PL-45052 Opole, Poland. EM andrzej.wolski@uni.opole.pl NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU APOLLO BOOKS PI STENSTRUP PA KIRKEBY SAND, 19, DK-5771 STENSTRUP, DENMARK SN 1399-560X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2013 VL 44 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.1163/1876312X-04401005 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 127LF UT WOS:000317699800004 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Hiett, KL Line, JE Oakley, BB Seal, BS AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Hiett, Kelli L. Line, John E. Oakley, Brian B. Seal, Bruce S. TI Construction, expression, purification and antigenicity of recombinant Campylobacter jejuni flagellar proteins SO MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; Flagella; epsilon-Proteobacteria; Food-borne pathogen; Zoonoses ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; GLYCOSYLATION; PERSPECTIVE; PATHOGEN; COLONIZATION; HELICOBACTER; INFECTIONS; VIRULENCE; RESPONSES; MOTILITY AB Campylobacter jejuni, a flagellated, spiral-rod Gram-negative bacterium, is the leading etiologic agent of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The source of this microorganism for human infection has been implicated as consumption and handling of poultry meat where this microorganism is a commensal in the gut. Because the genomes of many C jejuni isolates have been sequenced, our ultimate goal is to develop protein arrays for exploring this microorganism and host interactions. In this communication, we report cloning, expression and purification of C jejuni flagellar proteins in a bacterial expression system. Twelve recombinant proteins were purified, which were confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis and a His tag detection kit. The FlgE1, FlgG, FlgK, FliE, FlgH/FliH and FlaA recombinant proteins were further confirmed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The purified recombinant proteins were tested whether they were immunogenic using antibodies from several sources. BacTrace anti-Campylobacter species antibody reacted to the FlaA recombinant protein, but not others. Rabbit anti-MOMP1 peptide antibody reacted strongly to FliE and weakly to FlaA, but not others. Rabbit anti-MOMP2 peptide antibody reacted strongly to the FlaA, FliG, FliE, FlhF, FlgG, FlgEl and FliD recombinant proteins, less to FlgK and FlgH/FliH, and did not react to the FliY, FliS and FliH recombinant proteins. These antibody studies suggest that these recombinant flagellar proteins have potential for novel targets for vaccine development. It is also anticipated that these recombinant proteins provide us a very useful tool for investigating host immune response to C jejuni. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Hiett, Kelli L.; Line, John E.; Oakley, Brian B.; Seal, Bruce S.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM hungyueh.yeh@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project [6612-32000-060-00] FX This study was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project no. 6612-32000-060-00. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-5013 J9 MICROBIOL RES JI Microbiol. Res. PY 2013 VL 168 IS 4 BP 192 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.micres.2012.11.010 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 127OT UT WOS:000317709000002 PM 23312848 ER PT J AU DePalma, JW Horan, AJ Hall, WA Johnston, MV AF DePalma, Joseph W. Horan, Andrew J. Hall, Wiley A. Johnston, Murray V. TI Thermodynamics of oligomer formation: implications for secondary organic aerosol formation and reactivity SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ALPHA-PINENE OZONOLYSIS; CARBOXYLIC-ACID DIMERS; PARTICULATE MATTER; ACCRETION REACTIONS; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PARTICLE FORMATION; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; NUCLEATION PRECURSORS AB Dimers and higher order oligomers, whether in the gas or particle phase, can affect important atmospheric processes such as new particle formation, and gas-particle partitioning. In this study, the thermodynamics of dimer formation from various oxidation products of a-pinene ozonolysis are investigated using a combination of Monte Carlo configuration sampling, semi-empirical and density functional theory (DFT) quantum mechanics, and continuum solvent modeling. Favorable dimer formation pathways are found to exist in both gas and condensed phases. The free energies of dimer formation are used to calculate equilibrium constants and expected dimer concentrations under a variety of conditions. In the gas phase, favorable pathways studied include formation of non-covalent dimers of terpenylic acid and/or cis-pinic acid and a covalently-bound peroxyhemiacetal. Under atmospherically relevant conditions, only terpenylic acid forms a dimer in sufficient quantities to contribute to new particle formation. Under conditions typically used in laboratory experiments, several dimer formation pathways may contribute to particle formation. In the condensed phase, non-covalent dimers of terpenylic acid and/or cis-pinic acid and covalently-bound dimers representing a peroxyhemiacetal and a hydrated aldol are favorably formed. Dimer formation is both solution and temperature dependent. A water-like solution appears to promote dimer formation over methanol-or acetonitrile-like solutions. Heating from 298 K to 373 K causes extensive decomposition back to monomers. Dimers that are not favorably formed in either the gas or condensed phase include hemi-acetal, ester, anhydride, and the di(alpha-hydroxy) ether. C1 [DePalma, Joseph W.; Horan, Andrew J.; Johnston, Murray V.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hall, Wiley A.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Johnston, MV (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mvj@udel.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE1110554]; National Science Foundation/XSEDE supercomputing resources [TG-ATM110006] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant CHE1110554) and National Science Foundation/XSEDE supercomputing resources (Grant TG-ATM110006), The authors thank Dr Cecil Dybowski of the University of Delaware and Adam Jundt of the San Diego Supercomputer Center for assistance with method development. NR 80 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 79 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 18 BP 6935 EP 6944 DI 10.1039/c3cp44586k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 129TU UT WOS:000317866300044 PM 23549300 ER PT J AU Feng, JJ Li, JQ Walcott, RR Zhang, GM Luo, LX Kang, L Zheng, Y Schaad, NW AF Feng, J. J. Li, J. Q. Walcott, R. R. Zhang, G. M. Luo, L. X. Kang, L. Zheng, Y. Schaad, N. W. TI Advances in detection of Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVENAE SUBSP CITRULLI; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MAGNETIC CAPTURE-HYBRIDIZATION; DNA-BINDING DYE; REAL-TIME PCR; WATERMELON SEEDS; 1ST REPORT; ASSAY; CELLS; MELON AB Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of a bacterial seedling blight and fruit blotch (BFB), has received considerable attention since its first appearance in commercial watermelon production areas in the United States in 1989. Subsequently, it has emerged as a serious pathogen of cucurbitaceous plant species worldwide. In the major cucurbit producing countries of the world, great emphasis has been placed on managing this potentially devastating disease. Thus far, the most effective strategy for BFB management has been exclusion, which relies heavily on rapid and reliable pathogen detection. This review summarises recent progress in the development of A. citrulli detection techniques and evaluates their effectiveness as it pertains to BFB management. C1 [Feng, J. J.; Zhang, G. M.; Kang, L.; Zheng, Y.] Shenzhen Entry Exit Inspect & Quarantine Bur, Anim & Plant Inspect & Quarantine Technol Ctr, Guangzhou 518045, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Feng, J. J.; Li, J. Q.; Luo, L. X.] China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Beijing 100139, Peoples R China. [Feng, J. J.; Zhang, G. M.; Kang, L.; Zheng, Y.] Shenzhen Key Lab Inspect Res & Dev Alien Pests, Shenzhen 518045, Peoples R China. [Walcott, R. R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schaad, N. W.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Feng, JJ (reprint author), Shenzhen Entry Exit Inspect & Quarantine Bur, Anim & Plant Inspect & Quarantine Technol Ctr, Guangzhou 518045, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM sccfjj@yahoo.com.cn FU China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20110490482]; special fund for Agro-scientific research in the public interest [201003066]; Shenzhen government [CXB201105100088A, KQC201109050077A]; General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the Peoples' Republic of China [2010IK257] FX This work was supported in part by grants to Jianjun Feng from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20110490482), and partly from special fund for Agro-scientific research in the public interest (201003066), and partly from the Shenzhen government (CXB201105100088A, KQC201109050077A), and from the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the Peoples' Republic of China (2010IK257). NR 83 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 36 PU ISTA-INT SEED TESTING ASSOC PI BASSERSDORF PA ZUERICHSTR 50, PO BOX 308, CH-8303 BASSERSDORF, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 2013 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 127LI UT WOS:000317700100001 ER PT J AU Goldstein, PZ Metz, MA Solis, MA AF Goldstein, Paul Z. Metz, Mark A. Solis, M. Alma TI Phylogenetic systematics of Schacontia Dyar with descriptions of eight new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Schacontia; Crambidae; Glaphyriinae; Brassicales; secondary sexual characters ID PYRALOIDEA; CHARACTERS; PYRALIDAE; INSECTA AB The Neotropical genus Schacontia Dyar (1914) is reviewed and revised to include eleven species. Schacontia replica Dyar, 1914, syn. n. and S. pfeifferi Amsel, 1956, syn. n. are synonymized with S. chanesalis (Druce, 1899) and eight new species are described: Schacontia umbra, sp. n., S. speciosa, sp. n., S. themis, sp. n., S. rasa, sp. n., S. nyx, sp. n., S. clotho, sp. n., S. lachesis, sp. n., and S. atropos, sp. n. Three species, S. medalba, S. chanesalis, and S. ysticalis, are re-described. An analysis of 64 characters (56 binary, 8 multistate; 5 head, 13 thoracic, 13 abdominal, 25 male genitalic, and 8 female genitalic) scored for all Schacontia and three outgroup species (Eustixia pupula Hubner, 1823, Glaphyria sesquistrialis Hubner, 1823, and Hellula undalis (Fabricius, 1781)) retrieved 8 equally most parsimonious trees (L=102, CI=71, RI=84) of which the strict consensus is: [[[[medalba + umbra] + chanesalis] + speciosa] + [ysticalis + [rasa + themis + inverted right perpendicularatropos + lachesis + nyx + clothoinverted left perpendicularinverted left perpendicularinverted left perpendicularinverted left perpendicular. The relevance of male secondary sexual characters to the diagnosis of Schacontia species is discussed. C1 [Goldstein, Paul Z.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goldstein, Paul Z.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Metz, Mark A.; Solis, M. Alma] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov FU NSF [BSR 83-07887, BSR 86-10149]; Philadelphia Academy of Sciences; University of Pennsylvania; Genome Canada; USDA FX We wish to thank J. A. Lewis (JAL) for numerous dissections, D. Adamski (DA) for dissections and preliminary character interpretation, S. Escher for illustrations, T. Litwak for assistance with figures, E. Munroe (deceased) for making his then in-progress work available to M.A. Solis, and Axel Hausmann, The Natural History Museum, Munich, Germany for his hospitality. John Rawlins of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History provided a significant loan of specimens from Bolivia and the Dominican Republic. James Hayden eagerly shared suggestions for outgroups and character codings relevant to the diagnosis of Schacontia, supplied the Florida record, and reviewed an earlier version of this paper. Scott Miller and M. Rosati supervised the handling of DNA barcode data for Schacontia themis and S. rasa and we acknowledge the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario for generating the sequences. Support for collection of Costa Rican specimens by was provided by NSF BSR 83-07887 and BSR 86-10149 to D.H. Janzen, the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, and the University of Pennsylvania. Eugene Munroe inspired the collection of many of these moths by Dan Janzen and Winnie Hallwachs as part of the "Moths of Costa Rica" project. Matthias Nuss and an anonymous reviewer provided careful and constructive comments. Don Lafontaine generously edited the manuscript format in post-review. In particular, we wish to thank V.O. Becker for providing material that formed the basis for several new species descriptions, and to S. Miller and V.O. Becker for making certain material from the British Virgin Islands available to this study. DNA barcode sequences were provided by the University of Guelph under the iBOL project funded by Genome Canada. Paul Goldstein was supported a Specific Cooperative Agreement, USDA with Charles Mitter, Dept. of Entomology, University of Maryland. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2013 IS 291 BP 27 EP 81 DI 10.3897/zookeys.291.3744 PG 55 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 125WE UT WOS:000317571600002 PM 23794861 ER PT J AU Doll, KM Bantchev, GB Murray, RE AF Doll, Kenneth M. Bantchev, Grigor B. Murray, Rex E. TI Bismuth(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reaction of Mono Epoxy Oleochemicals To Form Keto and Diketo Derivatives SO ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bismuth(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate; Bismuth triflate; Diketone; Long-chain dioxo compound; Epoxidized methyl oleate ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; SOYBEAN OIL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FATTY-ACIDS; ALPHA-DIKETONES; GREEN CHEMISTRY; VEGETABLE-OILS; LEVULINIC ACID; METHYL OLEATE; TRIFLIC ACID AB Using a catalytic system, methyl oleate is transformed into long-chain keto and diketo derivatives via an epoxide route. Methyl 9(10)-oxooctadecanoate and methyl 9,10-dioxooctadecanoate were made by a ring-opening reaction of epoxidized methyl oleate using bismuth(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate (bismuth triflate) catalyst. Lower reaction temperatures favor the ketone, whereas higher temperatures are required to produce the diketone. The second synthesis also requires the use of dimethylsulfoxide to serve as an oxygen atom donor and that reagent also is needed to keep the catalyst in its active form. The ketone was also evaluated as a lubricity additive in soybean oil, where it was found that it had a minimal effect in reducing wear and did not improve oxidative stability. This drawback, while not good in lubricant formulations, is desirable in many applications such as paint and linoleum production. Also, the structure of the ketone could make it a desirable dielectric fluid, where the water sequestering ability of the carbonyl group would be desirable. Overall, this is an effective synthesis of promising materials, with high biobased content, useful for industries of the future. C1 [Doll, Kenneth M.; Bantchev, Grigor B.; Murray, Rex E.] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Doll, KM (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kenneth.Doll@ars.usda.gov OI Bantchev, Grigor/0000-0003-2790-5195 NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2168-0485 J9 ACS SUSTAIN CHEM ENG JI ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 1 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1021/sc300092r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA 120BZ UT WOS:000317145800008 ER PT J AU Muck, RE AF Muck, Richard E. TI Recent advances in silage microbiology SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE lactic acid bacteria; PCR; aerobic stability; inoculants ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; VITRO RUMINAL DIGESTION; LACTOBACILLUS-BUCHNERI; CORN-SILAGE; ALFALFA SILAGE; FERMENTATION PRODUCTS; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; AEROBIC STABILITY; RYEGRASS SILAGE AB Recent advances in silage microbiology are reviewed. Most new techniques in silage microbiology use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to make copies of a portion of the DNA in microorganisms. These techniques allow us to identify and quantify species as well as do community analysis. The PCR-based techniques are uncovering new species, both bacteria and fungi, during storage and feeding. Silage inoculants are widely available, but of greater interest has been research investigating why inoculants are so successful. Various inoculant strains have been found to produce bacteriocins and other compounds that inhibit other bacteria and fungi, improving their chances for success. In vitro ruminal fermentation research is showing that some inoculated silages affect rumen microorganisms, reducing methane in some cases and increasing microbial biomass production in others. Better understanding of silage microbiology will allow us to better manage silos and develop better inoculants to improve silage quality. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Muck, RE (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM richard.muck@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 64 PU SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOC FINLAND PI UNIV HELSINSKI PA MTT AGRIFOOD RES FINLAND, AGRIC & FOOD SCI, EDITORIAL OFF, DEPT AGRIC SCI, PO BOX 27, UNIV HELSINSKI, FI-00014, FINLAND SN 1459-6067 J9 AGR FOOD SCI JI Agr. Food Sci. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 117HX UT WOS:000316945300002 ER PT J AU Muck, RE Weinberg, ZG Contreras-Govea, FE AF Muck, Richard E. Weinberg, Zwi G. Contreras-Govea, Francisco E. TI Silage extracts used to study the mode of action of silage inoculants in ruminants SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE inoculant; in vitro fermentation; silage; microbial biomass yield; gas production ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; IN-VITRO GAS; ALFALFA SILAGE; MILK-PRODUCTION; RUMEN FLUID; FERMENTATION; BIOMASS AB Lucerne and two maize crops were ensiled with and without Lactobacillus plantarum and fermented for 4 or 60 d to assess the effect of inoculant on in vitro rumen fermentation of the resulting silages. Water and 80% ethanol extracts of the silages were also analysed for effects on in vitro rumen fermentation. The inoculant affected lucerne silage characteristics but had little effect on the maize silages. In vitro fermentation of the silages showed few effects except increased microbial biomass yield (MBY) at 24 h in the inoculant-treated lucerne silages. In vitro fermentation of the lucerne silage water extracts produced no differences due to treatment except for reduced MBY in the inoculant-treated extracts. The ethanol extracts produced results inconsistent with the in vitro results of the silages. Consequently it appears that the factor in in vitro fermentation of inoculated silages causing increased MBY was in neither the water nor ethanol extracts. C1 [Muck, Richard E.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weinberg, Zwi G.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Contreras-Govea, Francisco E.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Muck, RE (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM richard.muck@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOC FINLAND PI UNIV HELSINSKI PA MTT AGRIFOOD RES FINLAND, AGRIC & FOOD SCI, EDITORIAL OFF, DEPT AGRIC SCI, PO BOX 27, UNIV HELSINSKI, FI-00014, FINLAND SN 1459-6067 J9 AGR FOOD SCI JI Agr. Food Sci. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 117HX UT WOS:000316945300008 ER PT J AU Danka, RG Rinderer, TE Spivak, M Kefuss, J AF Danka, Robert G. Rinderer, Thomas E. Spivak, Marla Kefuss, John TI Comments on: "Varroa destructor: research avenues towards sustainable control" SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; honey bees; disease resistance; resistant strains ID HONEY-BEES HYMENOPTERA; APIS-MELLIFERA; APIDAE COLONIES; PARASITIC MITE; RESISTANCE; ACARI C1 [Danka, Robert G.; Rinderer, Thomas E.] ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [Spivak, Marla] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kefuss, John] Le Rucher DOc, F-31200 Toulouse, France. RP Danka, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM Bob.Danka@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 28 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 AR 52.2.14 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.2.14 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 118QY UT WOS:000317041800014 ER PT J AU Spleen, AM Lengerich, EJ Rennich, K Caron, D Rose, R Pettis, JS Henson, M Wilkes, JT Wilson, M Stitzinger, J Lee, K Andree, M Snyder, R vanEngelsdorp, D AF Spleen, Angela M. Lengerich, Eugene J. Rennich, Karen Caron, Dewey Rose, Robyn Pettis, Jeff S. Henson, Mark Wilkes, James T. Wilson, Michael Stitzinger, Jennie Lee, Kathleen Andree, Michael Snyder, Robert vanEngelsdorp, Dennis CA Bee Informed Partnership TI A national survey of managed honey bee 2011-12 winter colony losses in the United States: results from the Bee Informed Partnership SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Honey bee; overwinter; mortality; colony losses; USA; 2011-12 ID USA AB Estimates of winter loss for managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies are an important measure of honey bee health and productivity. We used data from 5,500 US beekeepers (5,244 backyard, 189 sideline and 67 commercial beekeepers) who responded to the April 2012 Bee Informed Partnership Winter Colony Loss Survey and calculated loss as the difference in the number of colonies between October 1, 2011 and April 1, 2012, adjusting for increases and decreases over that period. In the US, the total colony loss was 22.5% for the 2011-12 winter; 45.1% (n = 2,482) of respondents reported no colony loss. Total loss during 2011-12 was substantially lower than loss during 2010-11 (29.9%). Of the 4,484 respondents who kept bees in 2010-11 and 2011-12, 72.0% reported that the loss during 2011-12 was smaller or similar to the loss during 2010-11. There was substantial variation in total loss by state (range 6.2% to 47.7%). The average loss per beekeeping operation was 25.4%, but the average loss was not significantly different by operation type (backyard, sideline, commercial). The average self-reported acceptable loss per respondent was 13.7%; 46.8% (n = 2,259) of respondents experienced winter colony losses in excess of the average acceptable loss. Of beekeepers who reported losing at least one colony during 2011-12, the leading self-identified causes of mortality were weak condition in the fall and queen failure. Respondents who indicated poor wintering conditions, CCD, or pesticides as a leading cause of mortality suffered a higher average loss when compared to beekeepers who did not list these as potential causes. C1 [Spleen, Angela M.; Lengerich, Eugene J.] Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Rennich, Karen; Stitzinger, Jennie; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Caron, Dewey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97301 USA. [Rose, Robyn] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Pettis, Jeff S.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Henson, Mark; Wilkes, James T.] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Wilson, Michael] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lee, Kathleen] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Andree, Michael; Snyder, Robert] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Oroville, CA 95965 USA. RP vanEngelsdorp, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Dennis.vanengelsdorp@gmail.com RI vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010; OI Lengerich, Eugene/0000-0001-9872-1647 FU CAP grant from USDA-NIFA; USDA-ARS Area wide Program on Bee Health FX We thank all respondents, including those contacted by phone and email for their participation. We thank Karen Roccasecca, Bart Smith, Rachel Bozarth and Linda Wertz for making the survey calls to numerous beekeepers. Our gratitude goes out to the many beekeeping organizations, industry leaders and beekeeping clubs that forwarded our appeal for participation emails. A special thank you is owed to USDA APHIS, the Apiary Inspectors of America, the American Honey Producers Association, Brushy Mountain Bee Farm, Bee Culture magazine and American Bee Journal for sending out participation requests to their online audiences. This project was funded by a CAP grant from USDA-NIFA: the Bee Informed Partnership and includes K Baylis, J H Connell, K S Delaplane, S Donohue, W Esaias, J Skinner, M Spivak, and D R Tarpy, and the USDA-ARS Area wide Program on Bee Health. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 73 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 AR 52.2.07 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.2.07 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 118QY UT WOS:000317041800007 ER PT S AU Sun, JH Lu, M Gillette, NE Wingfield, MJ AF Sun, Jianghua Lu, Min Gillette, Nancy E. Wingfield, Michael J. BE Berenbaum, MR TI Red Turpentine Beetle: Innocuous Native Becomes Invasive Tree Killer in China SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY, VOL 58 SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Dendroctonus valens; invasive species; invasiveness; IPM; Leptographium; pines ID DENDROCTONUS-VALENS COLEOPTERA; RHIZOPHAGUS-GRANDIS COLEOPTERA; SPRUCE BARK BEETLE; STAIN ROOT DISEASE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; FUNGUS SYMBIOSES; PONDEROSA PINE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES AB The red turpentine beetle (RTB), Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a secondary pest of pines in its native range in North and Central America. Outbreaks and tree mortality attributed to RTB alone are rare in its native range. RTB was introduced into China in the early 1980s and spread rapidly from Shanxi Province to four adjacent provinces; it has infested over 500,000 ha of pine forest and has caused extensive tree mortality since 1999. We provide a historical background on RTB outbreaks, explanations for its invasive success, management options, and economic impacts of RTB in China. Genetic variation in RTB fungal associates, interactions between RTB and its associated fungi, behavioral differences in Chinese RTB, and other factors favoring RTB outbreaks are considered in an effort to explain the invasiveness of RTB in China. The promise of semiochemicals as a management tool is also discussed. C1 [Sun, Jianghua; Lu, Min] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Gillette, Nancy E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Wingfield, Michael J.] Univ Pretoria, Forestry & Agr Biotechnol Inst, Tree Protect Cooperat Programme, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Gillette, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sunjh@ioz.ac.cn; lumin@ioz.ac.cn; ngillette@fs.fed.us; Mike.Wingfield@up.ac.za RI Wingfield, Michael/A-9473-2008 NR 126 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 56 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4170 BN 978-0-8243-0158-3 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2013 VL 58 BP 293 EP 311 DI 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153624 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BEF57 UT WOS:000316406000016 PM 22994548 ER PT J AU Squires, JR DeCesare, NJ Olson, LE Kolbe, JA Hebblewhite, M Parks, SA AF Squires, John R. DeCesare, Nicholas J. Olson, Lucretia E. Kolbe, Jay A. Hebblewhite, Mark Parks, Sean A. TI Combining resource selection and movement behavior to predict corridors for Canada lynx at their southern range periphery SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Canada lynx; Connectivity; Corridors; Least-cost paths; Montana; Resource selection ID NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION CORRIDORS; LANDSCAPE; CONNECTIVITY; MODELS; AVAILABILITY; POPULATIONS AB Maintaining connectivity with source populations is especially important for populations of boreal species at the southern edge of their distributions, where anthropogenic disturbance and climate change can be a threat. In the conterminous United States, Canada lynx Lynx canadensis is a federally threatened boreal species that may require connectivity with northern populations to persist. Connectivity is a function of movement between patches and the likelihood that patches are suitable for resident populations. Therefore, we combined resource selection, step selection, and least-cost path models to define empirically movement corridors for lynx in the Northern Rocky Mountains. We used telemetry data for 64 lynx monitored during 1998-.2007 to create a broad-scale resource selection model that predicted probable lynx habitat across the species' distribution in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Our model indicated that lynx selected home ranges at mid-elevations with low surface roughness and high canopy cover. Based on a subset of 37 (16 females, 21 males) adult lynx fitted with GPS collars from 2005 to 2007, we then tested the extent to which remotely-sensed indices of environmental heterogeneity, including greenness, normalized difference vegetation index, surface roughness, and a principal component that indexed stand age, could characterize landscape connectivity for lynx. We found that connectivity between lynx habitat in Canada and that in the conterminous US is facilitated by only a few putative corridors that extend south from the international border. Maintaining the integrity of these connectivity corridors is of primary importance to lynx conservation in the Northern Rockies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Squires, John R.; Olson, Lucretia E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [DeCesare, Nicholas J.; Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kolbe, Jay A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA. [Parks, Sean A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Squires, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM jsquires@fs.fed.us; ndecesare@mt.gov; lucretiaolson@fs.fed.us; jkolbe@mt.gov; mar-k.hebblewhite@umontana.edu; sean_parks@fs.fed.us RI hebblewhite, mark/G-6164-2013 FU Tri-agency Group for the Montana Forest Highway Program; Western Federal Lands Highway Division of the Federal Highway Administration; Montana Department of Transportation; US Forest Service, Region 1; University of Montana FX We thank the Tri-agency Group for the Montana Forest Highway Program, Western Federal Lands Highway Division of the Federal Highway Administration, the Montana Department of Transportation, the University of Montana, and US Forest Service, Region 1 for providing funding. We also thank the many technicians that worked under difficult field conditions to make this study possible. We acknowledge the Lola and Kootenai National Forests for providing housing and other logistical support. We especially thank J. Claar, recently retired as USFS National Carnivore Leader, for his continued support of meso-carnivore research throughout the Northern Rockies. NR 78 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 14 U2 150 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 157 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.018 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113FF UT WOS:000316651200022 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Goodrick, SL Achtemeier, GL Forbus, K Combs, D AF Liu, Yongqiang Goodrick, Scott L. Achtemeier, Gary L. Forbus, Ken Combs, David TI Smoke plume height measurement of prescribed burns in the south-eastern United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE ceilometer measurement; particulate matter concentration ID ENTRAINMENT ZONE THICKNESS; BOUNDARY-LAYER HEIGHT; POLLUTION AEROSOL; LIDAR CEILOMETER; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SAMPLING THEORY; FIRE DETECTION; RISE; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION AB Smoke plume height is important for modelling smoke transport and resulting effects on air quality. This study presents analyses of ceilometer measurements of smoke plume heights for twenty prescribed burns in the south-eastern United States. Measurements were conducted from mid-winter to early summer between 2009 and 2011. Approximately half of the burns were on tracts of land over 400 ha (1000 acres) in area. Average smoke plume height was similar to 1 km. Plume height trended upward from winter to summer. These results could be used as an empirical guideline for fire managers to estimate smoke plume height in the south-eastern US when modelling and measurement are not available. The average could be used as a first-order approximation, and a second-order approximation could be obtained by using the average for spring and autumn seasons, and decreasing or increasing by 0.2 km the average for winter or summer. The concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 or 10 mu m (PM2.5 and PM10) within smoke plumes calculated from ceilometer backscatter are similar to 80 and 90 mu g m(-3), and trend downward from winter to summer. Large smoke concentrations are found in the lower portion of smoke plumes for many burns. Smoke plume height shows fast and uniform fluctuations at minute scales for almost all burns and slow and irregular fluctuations at scales from tens of minutes to hours for some burns. C1 [Liu, Yongqiang; Goodrick, Scott L.; Achtemeier, Gary L.; Forbus, Ken; Combs, David] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yliu@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program of US Department of Agriculture and Department of Interior [JFSP 081606] FX Field assistance from Tommy Hutcherson (Fort Benning AB), Kevin Heirs, Brett Williams, Scott Pokswinski, Jerry Coon and Nathan Price (Eglin AFB), Tim Kolnik and Mike Caldwell (Oconee NF), Carl Schmidt and John Mason (Piedmont NWR) and Dustin Thompson (BF Grant Memorial Forest, University of Georgia) is appreciated. This study was supported by the Joint Fire Science Program of US Department of Agriculture and Department of Interior under Agreement Number JFSP 081606. We thank the reviewers for their thoughtful and valuable comments on both science and technical writing, which have led to remarkable improvement of the manuscript. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Command Language (NCL) was used for the wavelet transform analysis. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 130 EP 147 DI 10.1071/WF11072 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111CV UT WOS:000316496600004 ER PT J AU Achtemeier, GL AF Achtemeier, Gary L. TI Field validation of a free-agent cellular automata model of fire spread with fire-atmosphere coupling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; SIMULATING FIRE; GRASS FIRES; BEHAVIOR; DYNAMICS; WIND AB A cellular automata fire model represents 'elements' of fire by autonomous agents. A few simple algebraic expressions substituted for complex physical and meteorological processes and solved iteratively yield simulations for 'super-diffusive' fire spread and coupled surface-layer (2-m) fire-atmosphere processes. Pressure anomalies, which are integrals of the thermal properties of the overlying heated plume, drive the surface winds around and through the fire. Five simulations with differing fuel and wind conditions were compared with fire and meteorological data from an experimental grassfire (FireFlux). The fire model accurately simulated bulk patterns of measured time-series of 2-m winds at two towers and observed fire behaviour (spread rate, flaming depth and heat released). Fidelity to spatial windfields in the vicinity of the fire was similar to results from full-physics fire models for other grassfires. Accurate predictions of fire spread depend critically on accurate wind speeds and directions at the location of the fire. Simulated fire-atmosphere coupling using FireFlux data increased wind speeds across the fire line by up to a factor of three. With its computational speed relative to full-physics models, the fire model can inform full-physics modellers regarding problems of interest. Although the fire model is tested for homogeneous fuels on flat terrain, the model is designed for simulating complex distributions of fire within heterogeneous distributions of fuels over complex landscapes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Achtemeier, GL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM gachtemeier@fs.fed.us FU National Fire Plan [01.SRSA5] FX Dr Craig Clements is acknowledged for providing FireFlux experiment data for Rabbit Rules validation. Dr Scott Goodrick, Dr Yonqiang Liu and Dr J. J. O'Brien provided stimulating discussions during preparation of the manuscript. Dr Warren Heilman provided wind data measured by Doppler sodar. This study was funded through the National Fire Plan 01.SRSA5. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1071/WF11055 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111CV UT WOS:000316496600005 ER PT J AU Frankman, D Webb, BW Butler, BW Jimenez, D Forthofer, JM Sopko, P Shannon, KS Hiers, JK Ottmar, RD AF Frankman, David Webb, Brent W. Butler, Bret W. Jimenez, Daniel Forthofer, Jason M. Sopko, Paul Shannon, Kyle S. Hiers, J. Kevin Ottmar, Roger D. TI Measurements of convective and radiative heating in wildland fires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN SHRUB; SPREAD; FUEL AB Time-resolved irradiance and convective heating and cooling of fast-response thermopile sensors were measured in 13 natural and prescribed wildland fires under a variety of fuel and ambient conditions. It was shown that a sensor exposed to the fire environment was subject to rapid fluctuations of convective transfer whereas irradiance measured by a windowed sensor was much less variable in time, increasing nearly monotonically with the approach of the flame front and largely declining with its passage. Irradiance beneath two crown fires peaked at 200 and 300 kW m(-2), peak irradiance associated with fires in surface fuels reached 100 kW m(-2) and the peak for three instances of burning in shrub fuels was 132 kW m(-2). The fire radiative energy accounted for 79% of the variance in fuel consumption. Convective heating at the sensor surface varied from 15% to values exceeding the radiative flux. Detailed measurements of convective and radiative heating rates in wildland fires are presented. Results indicate that the relative contribution of each to total energy release is dependent on fuel and environment. C1 [Frankman, David; Webb, Brent W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Butler, Bret W.; Jimenez, Daniel; Forthofer, Jason M.; Sopko, Paul; Shannon, Kyle S.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] Eglin AFB, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Butler, BW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM bwbutler@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program; Fire, Fuels, and Smoke Program of the US Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory; National Fire Plan FX This work was only accomplished through the cooperation of many Fire Managers and Fire Incident Management Teams. We are especially grateful to George Johnson of the BLM for his willingness to accommodate our research efforts in his prescribed burns. We also acknowledge the financial support for at least part of this effort from the Joint Fire Science Program, the Fire, Fuels, and Smoke Program of the US Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, and the National Fire Plan. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1071/WF11097 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111CV UT WOS:000316496600006 ER PT J AU Frankman, D Webb, BW Butler, BW Jimenez, D Harrington, M AF Frankman, David Webb, Brent W. Butler, Bret W. Jimenez, Daniel Harrington, Michael TI The effect of sampling rate on interpretation of the temporal characteristics of radiative and convective heating in wildland flames SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID SPREAD; FIRES AB Time-resolved radiative and convective heating measurements were collected on a prescribed burn in coniferous fuels at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz. Evaluation of the data in the time and frequency domain indicate that this sampling rate was sufficient to capture the temporal fluctuations of radiative and convective heating. The convective heating signal contained significantly larger fluctuations in magnitude and frequency than did the radiative heating signal. The data were artificially down-sampled to 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1 Hz to explore the effect of sampling rate on peak heat fluxes, time-averaged heating and integrated heating. Results show that for sampling rates less than 5 Hz the difference between measured and actual peak radiative heating rates can be as great as 24%, and is on the order of 80% for 1-Hz sampling rates. Convective heating showed degradation in the signal for sampling rates less than 100 Hz. Heating rates averaged over a 2-s moving window, as well as integrated radiative and convective heating were insensitive to sampling rate across all ranges explored. The data suggest that peak radiative and convective heating magnitudes cannot be fully temporally resolved for sampling frequencies lower than 20 and 200 Hz. C1 [Frankman, David; Webb, Brent W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Butler, Bret W.; Jimenez, Daniel; Harrington, Michael] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Butler, BW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM bwbutler@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Sciences Program; Brigham Young University FX The authors appreciate the cooperation of the fire staff on the Sula Ranger District, Bitterroot National Forest, Montana for accommodating our participation in the prescribed burns. Funding was provided by the Joint Fire Sciences Program and Brigham Young University. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 168 EP 173 DI 10.1071/WF12034 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111CV UT WOS:000316496600007 ER PT J AU Bar Massada, A Syphard, AD Stewart, SI Radeloff, VC AF Bar Massada, Avi Syphard, Alexandra D. Stewart, Susan I. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Wildfire ignition-distribution modelling: a comparative study in the Huron-Manistee National Forest, Michigan, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE GLM; Maxent; Random Forests ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FIRE OCCURRENCE; UNITED-STATES; CLASSIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; LANDSCAPE; PREDICTION; REGRESSION AB Wildfire ignition distribution models are powerful tools for predicting the probability of ignitions across broad areas, and identifying their drivers. Several approaches have been used for ignition-distribution modelling, yet the performance of different model types has not been compared. This is unfortunate, given that conceptually similar species-distribution models exhibit pronounced differences among model types. Therefore, our goal was to compare the predictive performance, variable importance and the spatial patterns of predicted ignition-probabilities of three ignition-distribution model types: one parametric, statistical model (Generalised Linear Models, GLM) and two machine-learning algorithms (Random Forests and Maximum Entropy, Maxent). We parameterised the models using 16 years of ignitions data and environmental data for the Huron-Manistee National Forest in Michigan, USA. Random Forests and Maxent had slightly better prediction accuracies than did GLM, but model fit was similar for all three. Variables related to human population and development were the best predictors of wildfire ignition locations in all models (although variable rankings differed slightly), along with elevation. However, despite similar model performance and variables, the map of ignition probabilities generated by Maxent was markedly different from those of the two other models. We thus suggest that when accurate predictions are desired, the outcomes of different model types should be compared, or alternatively combined, to produce ensemble predictions. C1 [Bar Massada, Avi; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 94141 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Bar Massada, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barmassada@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU US Forest Service Northern Research Station FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the US Forest Service Northern Research Station, and the assistance of S. Goldman, J. Alyea and L. McNichols of the Huron-Manistee National Forest. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1071/WF11178 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111CV UT WOS:000316496600008 ER PT J AU Calkin, DE Venn, T Wibbenmeyer, M Thompson, MP AF Calkin, David E. Venn, Tyron Wibbenmeyer, Matthew Thompson, Matthew P. TI Estimating US federal wildland fire managers' preferences toward competing strategic suppression objectives SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE choice experiment; fire management; incentives; suppression cost ID DECISION-MAKING; WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT; MULTIPLE-UTILITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FOREST SERVICE; VALUES; DISCRETION; BEHAVIOR; RATES AB Wildfire management involves significant complexity and uncertainty, requiring simultaneous consideration of multiple, non-commensurate objectives. This paper investigates the tradeoffs fire managers are willing to make among these objectives using a choice experiment methodology that provides three key advancements relative to previous stated-preference studies directed at understanding fire manager preferences: (1) a more immediate relationship between the instrument employed in measuring preferences and current management practices and operational decision-support systems; (2) an explicit exploration of how sociopolitical expectations may influence decision-making and (3) consideration of fire managers' relative prioritisation of cost-containment objectives. Results indicate that in the current management environment, choices among potential suppression strategies are driven largely by consideration of risk to homes and high-value watersheds and potential fire duration, and are relatively insensitive to increases in cost and personnel exposure. Indeed, when asked to choose the strategy they would expect to choose under current social and political constraints, managers favoured higher-cost suppression strategies, ceteris paribus. However, managers indicated they would personally prefer to pursue strategies that were more cost-conscious and proportionate with values at risk. These results confirm earlier studies that highlight the challenges managerial incentives and sociopolitical pressures create in achieving cost-containment objectives. C1 [Calkin, David E.; Thompson, Matthew P.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Venn, Tyron] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Wibbenmeyer, Matthew] Collins Consulting, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Calkin, DE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 7669, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM decalkin@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 212 EP 222 DI 10.1071/WF11075 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111CV UT WOS:000316496600012 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Calkin, DE Herynk, J McHugh, CW Short, KC AF Thompson, Matthew P. Calkin, David E. Herynk, Jason McHugh, Charles W. Short, Karen C. TI Airtankers and wildfire management in the US Forest Service: examining data availability and exploring usage and cost trends SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE aviation; cost-benefit analysis; suppression ID INITIAL ATTACK; FIREFIGHTING AGENTS; FIRE SUPPRESSION; WILDLAND FIRES; AERIAL DROP; MODEL; ALLOCATION; SIMULATION; ONTARIO AB Evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of fixed-and rotary-wing aircraft is a crucial component of strategic wildfire management and planning. In this manuscript, we focus on the economics of fire and aviation management within the US Forest Service. Substantial uncertainties challenge comprehensive analysis of airtanker use, prompting calls from federal oversight agencies for improved aerial firefighting data collection and analysis. Here, we explore the availability and sufficiency of agency aviation data to track airtanker use and cost trends, and to categorise airtanker use by mission type and fire size class. Although the primary intended use of the airtanker fleet is for initial attack of wildfires, our results indicate that the use of these aircraft tends to occur for extended attack or large-fire support, with a significant number of flights associated with very large fires greater than 4047 ha (10 000 acres). Our results highlight apparent trends in airtanker use that challenge our ability to evaluate cost-effectiveness of airtankers. Data quality and availability issues limited our analysis, leading to a recommendation for improved data collection on flight objective and drop location. We conclude by offering suggested avenues of future research that may help address informational and analytical shortcomings. C1 [Thompson, Matthew P.; Calkin, David E.; Herynk, Jason; McHugh, Charles W.; Short, Karen C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. EM mpthompson02@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1071/WF11041 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111CV UT WOS:000316496600013 ER PT J AU Holmes, TP Gonzalez-Caban, A Loomis, J Sanchez, J AF Holmes, Thomas P. Gonzalez-Caban, Armando Loomis, John Sanchez, Jose TI The effects of personal experience on choice-based preferences for wildfire protection programs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE expected utility; heuristics; natural disasters; prospect theory; risk aversion; risk seeking ID LATENT-CLASS APPROACH; CONTINGENT VALUATION; DECISION RULES; RISK; INSURANCE; UTILITY; PROBABILITY; EMOTIONS; EVENTS; MODELS AB In this paper, we investigate homeowner preferences and willingness to pay for wildfire protection programs using a choice experiment with three attributes: risk, loss and cost. Preference heterogeneity among survey respondents was examined using three econometric models and risk preferences were evaluated by comparing willingness to pay for wildfire protection programs against expected monetary losses. The results showed that while nearly all respondents had risk seeking preferences, a small segment of respondents were risk neutral or risk averse. Only respondents who had personal experience with the effects of wildfire consistently made trade-offs among risk, loss and cost and these respondents were willing to pay more for wildfire protection programs than were respondents without prior experience of the effects of wildfire. The degree to which people with prior experience with the effects of wildfire can effectively articulate an economic rationale for investing in wildfire protection to other members of their own or other communities facing the threat of wildfires may influence the overall success of wildfire protection programs. C1 [Holmes, Thomas P.] USDA, Southern Res Stn, Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gonzalez-Caban, Armando; Sanchez, Jose] USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Forest Serv, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Loomis, John] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Holmes, TP (reprint author), USDA, Southern Res Stn, Forest Serv, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM tholmes@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 234 EP 245 DI 10.1071/WF11182 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111CV UT WOS:000316496600014 ER PT J AU Holmes, TP Calkin, DE AF Holmes, Thomas P. Calkin, David E. TI Econometric analysis of fire suppression production functions for large wildland fires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE efficiency; fireline productivity; fractal dimension; random parameters; returns to scale; selective rationality ID WILDFIRE; MODEL; CONTAINMENT; MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; DIMENSION AB In this paper, we use operational data collected for large wildland fires to estimate the parameters of economic production functions that relate the rate of fireline construction with the level of fire suppression inputs (handcrews, dozers, engines and helicopters). These parameter estimates are then used to evaluate whether the productivity of fire suppression inputs during extensive fire suppression efforts are similar to productivity estimates derived from direct observation and used as standard rates by the US Forest Service. The results indicated that the production rates estimated with operational data ranged from similar to 14 to 93% of the standard rates. Further, the econometric models indicated that the productivity of all inputs taken together increases more than proportionally as their use is increased. This result may indicate economies of scale in fire suppression or, alternatively, that fire managers learn how resources may be deployed more productively over the course of a fire. We suspect that the identified productivity gaps are primarily due to unobserved factors related to fire behaviour, other resources at risk, firefighter fatigue, safety considerations and managerial decision-making. The collection of more precise operational data could help reduce uncertainty regarding the relative importance of factors that contribute to productivity shortfalls. C1 [Holmes, Thomas P.] USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Calkin, David E.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Holmes, TP (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM tholmes@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 16 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 246 EP 255 DI 10.1071/WF11098 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111CV UT WOS:000316496600015 ER PT J AU Bean, DW Kazmer, DJ Gardner, K Thompson, DC Reynolds, B Keller, JC Gaskin, JF AF Bean, Dan W. Kazmer, David J. Gardner, Kevin Thompson, David C. Reynolds, Beth (Petersen) Keller, Julie C. Gaskin, John F. TI Molecular Genetic and Hybridization Studies of Diorhabda spp. Released for Biological Control of Tamarix. SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Genital lock and key; AFLP; PCOA; hybrid male sterility ID ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; CARABID BEETLES OHOMOPTERUS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LOCK-AND-KEY; LEAF BEETLE; CONTROL AGENT; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; DIFFERENT POPULATIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HOST-SPECIFICITY AB The genus Diorhabda (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was recently revised, using morphological characters, into five tamarisk-feeding species, four of which have been used in the tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) biological control program in North America and are the subject of these studies. The taxonomic revision is here supported using molecular genetic and hybridization studies. Four Diorhabda species separated into five dades using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequence data with Diorhabda elongata separating into two clades. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis using genomic DNA revealed only four dades, which corresponded to the four morphospecies. Hybridization between the four species yielded viable eggs in F-1 crosses but viability was significantly lower than achieved with intraspecific crosses. Crosses involving Diorhabda carinulata and the other three species resulted in low F-2 egg viability, whereas crosses between D. elongata, Diorhabda sublineata and Diorhabda carinata resulted in > 40% F-2 egg viability. Crosses between D. carinulata and the other three species resulted in high mortality of D. carinulata females due to genital mismatch. AFLP patterns combined with principal coordinates analysis enabled effective separation between D. elongata and D. sublineata, providing a method to measure genetic introgression in the field. C1 [Bean, Dan W.] Palisade Insectary, Colorado Dept Agr, Palisade, CO 81526 USA. [Kazmer, David J.; Gaskin, John F.] USDA ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Gardner, Kevin; Reynolds, Beth (Petersen)] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Thompson, David C.] New Mexico State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Keller, Julie C.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bean, DW (reprint author), Palisade Insectary, Colorado Dept Agr, 750 37-8 Rd, Palisade, CO 81526 USA. EM dan.bean@ag.state.co.us NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 23 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00093.1 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 115VP UT WOS:000316840300001 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS Schaffner, U AF Wheeler, Gregory S. Schaffner, Urs TI Improved Understanding of Weed Biological Control Safety and Impact with Chemical Ecology: A Review SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Biological control of weeds; chemical ecology; EICA; host range; induction; sequestration; secondary plant metabolites; variability of secondary plant metabolites ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; AGENT OXYOPS-VITIOSA; HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM L.; PLANT MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; LONGITARSUS FLEA BEETLES; ST-JOHNS-WORT; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; HOST-RANGE; GENERALIST HERBIVORES; TYRIA-JACOBAEAE AB We review chemical ecology literature as it relates to biological control of weeds and discuss how this means of controlling invasive plants could be enhanced by the consideration of several well-established research approaches. The interface between chemical ecology and biological control of weeds presents a rich opportunity to exploit potentially coevolved relationships between agents and plants where chemical factors mediating interactions are important. Five topics seem relevant, which if implemented could improve the predictability of host range determination, agent establishment, and impact on the target weed. (1) The host secondary plant chemistry and a potential biological control agent's response to that chemistry can be exploited to improve predictability of potential agent host range. (2) Evolutionary changes may occur in secondary plant chemistry of invasive weeds that have been introduced to novel environments and exposed to a new set of biotic and abiotic stressors. Further, such a scenario facilitates rapid evolutionary changes in phenotypic traits, which in turn may help explain one mechanism of invasiveness and affect the outcome of biological control and other management options. (3) Herbivores can induce production of secondary plant compounds. (4) Variability of weed secondary chemistry which, either constitutive or inducible, can be an important factor that potentially. influences the performance of some biological control agents and their impact on the target weed. (5) Finally, sequestration of secondary plant chemistry may protect herbivores against generalist predators, which might improve establishment of a biological control agent introduced to a new range and eventually impact on the target weed. Recognition of these patterns and processes can help identify the factors that impart success to a biological control program. C1 [Wheeler, Gregory S.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. CABI, CH-2800 Delemont, Switzerland. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM greg.wheeler@ars.usda.gov NR 147 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 51 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 16 EP 29 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00032.1 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 115VP UT WOS:000316840300002 ER PT J AU Rinella, MJ Masters, RA Bellows, SE AF Rinella, Matthew J. Masters, Robert A. Bellows, Susan E. TI Effects of Growth Regulator Herbicide on Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Seed Production SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Grassland; invasive annual grass; invasive weed; rangeland; seed production ID STARTHISTLE CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; GRASSES; MANAGEMENT; TOLERANCE; IMPACTS; DICAMBA AB Previous research showed growth regulator herbicides, such as picloram and aminopyralid, have a sterilizing effect on Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.) that can reduce this invasive annual grass's seed production nearly 100%. This suggests growth regulators might be used to control invasive annual grasses by depleting their short-lived seed banks. The goal of this study was to extend the previous Japanese brome research to downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), the most damaging invasive annual grass of U.S. grasslands. In a greenhouse, we found picloram did not greatly influence downy brome seed production, while point estimates suggest aminopyralid reduced seed production 55 to 80%. If not for a highly abnormal retillering response that we somewhat doubt would occur in the field, point estimates suggest aminopyralid would have reduced downy brome seed production approximately 90% when applied at the heading stage and approximately 98% when applied at three earlier growth stages. Our greenhouse study should encourage field studies designed to further explore the potential for using growth regulators to control downy brome and other invasive annual grasses. C1 [Rinella, Matthew J.; Bellows, Susan E.] USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Masters, Robert A.] Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. RP Rinella, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM matt.rinella@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 22 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00033.1 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 115VP UT WOS:000316840300006 ER PT J AU Baughman, OW Meyer, SE AF Baughman, Owen W. Meyer, Susan E. TI Is Pyrenophora semeniperda the Cause of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Die-offs? SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cheatgrass; Great Basin; seed bank; seed pathogen; stand failure ID PATHOGEN AB Downy brome (cheatgrass) is a highly successful, exotic, winter annual invader in semi-arid western North America, forming near-monocultures across many landscapes. A frequent but poorly understood phenomenon in these heavily invaded areas is periodic 'die-off' or complete stand failure. The fungal pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda is abundant in cheatgrass seed banks and causes high mortality. To determine whether this pathogen could be responsible for stand failure, we quantified late spring seed banks in die-off areas and adjacent cheatgrass stands at nine sites. Seed bank analysis showed that this pathogen was not a die-off causal agent at those sites. We determined that seed bank sampling and litter data could be used to estimate time since die-off. Seed bank patterns in our recent die-offs indicated that the die-off causal agent does not significantly impact seeds in the persistent seed bank. C1 [Baughman, Owen W.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Meyer, Susan E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Baughman, OW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1664 N Virginia St,MS0186, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM owbaughman@gmail.com FU CSREES NRI Biology of Weedy and Invasive Species Program [2008-35320-18677]; Curt and Adele Berklund Undergraduate Research fund; [2007-1-3-10] FX We thank Mike Zielinski of the Bureau of Land Management Winnemucca, Nevada Field Office and Duane Smith of Brigham Young University for guidance in finding suitable field sites for sampling, Dr. Tara Forbis (formerly of the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Reno, Nevada) for assistance in developing sampling methods, Dr. George Newcombe of the University of Idaho for providing laboratory facilities for seed bank processing and evaluation, as well as Dr. Elizabeth Leger of the University of Nevada Reno and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions regarding this manuscript. This research was funded in part through grants to S.E.M. from the Joint Fire Sciences Program (2007-1-3-10) and the CSREES NRI Biology of Weedy and Invasive Species Program (2008-35320-18677), and to O.W.B. from the Curt and Adele Berklund Undergraduate Research fund (2008). NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00043.1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 115VP UT WOS:000316840300011 ER PT J AU Worley, JN Russell, AB Wexler, AG Bronstein, PA Kvitko, BH Krasnoff, SB Munkvold, KR Swingle, B Gibson, DM Collmer, A AF Worley, Jay N. Russell, Alistair B. Wexler, Aaron G. Bronstein, Philip A. Kvitko, Brian H. Krasnoff, Stuart B. Munkvold, Kathy R. Swingle, Bryan Gibson, Donna M. Collmer, Alan TI Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 CmaL (PSPTO4723), a DUF1330 Family Member, Is Needed To Produce L-allo-Isoleucine, a Precursor for the Phytotoxin Coronatine SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONAMIC ACID; SECRETION SYSTEM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CORONAFACATE LIGASE; L-ALLOISOLEUCINE; GENE-EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; MUTANT AB Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 produces the phytotoxin coronatine, a major determinant of the leaf chlorosis associated with DC3000 pathogenesis. The DC3000 PSPTO4723 (cmaL) gene is located in a genomic region encoding type III effectors; however, it promotes chlorosis in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana in a manner independent of type III secretion. Coronatine is produced by the ligation of two moieties, coronafacic acid (CFA) and coronamic acid (CMA), which are produced by biosynthetic pathways encoded in separate operons. Cross-feeding experiments, performed in N. benthamiana with cfa, cma, and cmaL mutants, implicate CmaL in CMA production. Furthermore, analysis of bacterial supernatants under coronatine-inducing conditions revealed that mutants lacking either the cma operon or cmaL accumulate CFA rather than coronatine, supporting a role for CmaL in the regulation or biosynthesis of CMA. CmaL does not appear to regulate CMA production, since the expression of proteins with known roles in CMA production is unaltered in cmaL mutants. Rather, CmaL is needed for the first step in CMA synthesis, as evidenced by the fact that wild-type levels of coronatine production are restored to a Delta cmaL mutant when it is supplemented with 50 mu g/ml L-allo-isoleucine, the starting unit for CMA production. cmaL is found in all other sequenced P. syringae strains with coronatine biosynthesis genes. This characterization of CmaL identifies a critical missing factor in coronatine production and provides a foundation for further investigation of a member of the widespread DUF1330 protein family. C1 [Worley, Jay N.; Russell, Alistair B.; Wexler, Aaron G.; Kvitko, Brian H.; Munkvold, Kathy R.; Swingle, Bryan; Gibson, Donna M.; Collmer, Alan] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bronstein, Philip A.; Krasnoff, Stuart B.; Swingle, Bryan; Gibson, Donna M.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Collmer, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dmg6@cornell.edu; arc2@cornell.edu OI Worley, Jay/0000-0002-5923-1159 FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program [IOS-1025642] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program grant IOS-1025642. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 195 IS 2 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1128/JB.01352-12 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 117NG UT WOS:000316959600013 PM 23144243 ER PT J AU Bauermann, FV Ridpath, JF Weiblen, R Flores, EF AF Bauermann, Fernando V. Ridpath, Julia F. Weiblen, Rudi Flores, Eduardo F. TI HoBi-like viruses: an emerging group of pestiviruses SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Review DE Atypical pestiviruses; Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 3; clinical signs; diagnostic; HoBi-like viruses ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; ATYPICAL PESTIVIRUS; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS; BVDV INFECTIONS; CATTLE; CALVES; EUROPE; PIGS; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; STRAIN AB The genus Pestivirus is composed of 4 important pathogens of livestock: Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2), Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and Border disease virus of sheep (BDV). BVDV are major pathogens of cattle, and infection results in significant economic loss worldwide. A new putative pestivirus species, tentatively called "HoBi-like," "BVDV-3," or "atypical pestiviruses," was first identified in Europe in fetal bovine serum (FBS) imported from Brazil. HoBi-like viruses are related to BVDV at the genetic and antigenic levels. Further, the disease caused by these new viruses resembles clinical presentations historically associated with BVDV infection, including growth retardation, reduced milk production, respiratory disease, reduced reproductive performance, and increased mortality among young stock. Current BVDV diagnostic tests may fail to detect HoBi-like viruses or to differentiate between BVDV and HoBi-like viruses. Further, commercial tests for BVDV exposure, based on serological response, do not reliably detect HoBi-like virus exposure, and cross protection against HoBi-like viruses conferred by current BVDV vaccines is likely limited. As many HoBi-like viruses, characterized to date, were isolated from FBS originating from Brazil, it is assumed that the agent is probably widespread in Brazilian herds. Nevertheless, reports of natural infection in Southeast Asia and Europe demonstrate that these viruses are not restricted to South America. Increased demand for FBS has led to widespread distribution of FBS originating in HoBi-like virus endemic regions. The contamination of such FBS with HoBi-like viruses may lead to spread of this virus to other regions. C1 [Bauermann, Fernando V.; Weiblen, Rudi; Flores, Eduardo F.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Virus Sect, Dept Vet Prevent Med, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Ridpath, Julia F.] USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov RI Weiblen, Rudi/H-7003-2014; flores, eduardo/H-5125-2016 OI Weiblen, Rudi/0000-0002-1737-9817; NR 37 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 22 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 BP 6 EP 15 DI 10.1177/1040638712473103 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 113BD UT WOS:000316639900001 PM 23345268 ER PT J AU Leite, F Stokes, K Robbe-Austerman, S Stabel, J AF Leite, Fernando L. Stokes, Kevin D. Robbe-Austerman, Suelee Stabel, Judith R. TI Comparison of fecal DNA extraction kits for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Diagnosis; DNA extraction; Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis ID REAL-TIME PCR; JOHNES-DISEASE; SAMPLES; AMPLIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; CATTLE; INHIBITION; UNIQUE; ASSAY AB Culture of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) from feces has been considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis for many years. However, direct fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is becoming more widely used, demonstrating similar sensitivity and specificity to culture. To ensure efficient and reproducible PCR results from a difficult sample matrix such as feces, there are many obstacles that a DNA extraction method must overcome, including the presence of inhibitors and the thick waxy cell wall of MAP. In the current study, 6 commercial DNA extraction kits were evaluated using fecal samples from naturally infected cattle shedding various amounts of MAP. Upon extraction, DNA purity and yield were measured, and real-time PCR was performed for detection of the insertion sequence (IS) 900 and ISMAP02 targets. The kits evaluated showed significant differences in the purity and yield of DNA obtained. The best results were observed with kits E and A, having identified 94% (16/17) and 76% (13/17) of the positive samples by IS900 PCR, respectively. Both of these kits utilized bead beating in a lysis solution for cell disruption, followed by spin column technology (kit E) or magnetic bead-based technology (kit A) for nucleic acid isolation and purification. Two kits (A and F) demonstrated improved performance when used in conjunction with the respective manufacturer's PCR test. The present study demonstrates the importance of choosing the correct methodology for the most accurate diagnosis of paratuberculosis through fecal PCR. C1 [Leite, Fernando L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA USA. [Stokes, Kevin D.; Robbe-Austerman, Suelee] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Stabel, Judith R.] USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM judy.stabel@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1177/1040638712466395 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 113BD UT WOS:000316639900003 PM 23166181 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Klaus, MW AF Yee, Wee L. Klaus, Michael W. TI Development of Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) in crabapple SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Western cherry fruit fly; Chinese crabapple; 'Snowdrift' crabapple; 'Indian Magic' crabapple; 'Radiant' crabapple ID CHERRY FRUIT-FLY; HOST-PLANT USE; WASHINGTON-STATE; SPECIES DIPTERA; APPLE MAGGOT; OVIPOSITION; RECORDS AB Western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran 1932 (Diptera: Tephritidae), was reared from naturally-infested Chinese crabapple, Malus spectabilis (Aiton) Borkhausen (Rosaceae), in Washington State, U.S.A. Pupae from Chinese crabapple were smaller than those from sweet cherry, Prunus avium (Linnaeus) Linnaeus (Rosaceae), but fecundity and longevity of flies from the two hosts did not differ. Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare larval development in crabapples and cherries. 'Snowdrift' crabapples (Malus 'Snowdrift') did not produce pupae. Percentages of 'Indian Magic'(Malus 'Indian Magic') + 'Radiant' crabapple (Malus 'Radiant') vs. sweet cherry replicates that produced pupae did not differ in two no-choice experiments (36.7 vs. 41.7% and 13.3 vs. 33.5%, respectively). In a choice experiment, the percentage of crabapple replicates that produced pupae (6.7%) was lower than that of cherry replicates (42.2%). Egg to pupal development times in crabapples (18.0-21.2 d) were longer than in cherries (15.4-16.7 d) and pupae from the crabapples were smaller. Results suggest crabapples are not optimal developmental hosts for R. indifferens but that Chinese and 'Indian Magic' + 'Radiant' crabapples can occasionally allow late-season flies to bridge the gap between one generation and the next when no cherries are available. C1 [Yee, Wee L.] USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Klaus, Michael W.] Washington State Dept Agr, Yakima, WA 98902 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov; MKlaus@agr.wa.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 89 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 118KC UT WOS:000317023400003 ER PT J AU Cognato, AI Rabaglia, RJ Vandenberg, NJ AF Cognato, Anthony I. Rabaglia, Robert J. Vandenberg, Natalia J. TI Another Asian ambrosia beetle, Xyleborinus artestriatus (Eichhoff 1878) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini), newly detected in North America SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytidae; Xyleborini; Xyleborinus artestriatus; new North American record; exotic species AB Xyleborinus artestriatus (Eichhoff 1878), an ambrosia beetle native to Asia, is reported for the first time in North America based on specimens from Georgia and Texas. This is the twenty-fourth species of exotic Xyleborini documented in North America. North American distributional records, key identification characteristics, morphological variability, and a brief history of the systematics are presented. C1 [Cognato, Anthony I.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rabaglia, Robert J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Vandenberg, Natalia J.] Agr Res Serv, SEL, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cognato, AI (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 288 Farm Lane, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM cognato@msu.edu; brabaglia@fs.fed.us; Natalia.Vandenberg@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-FS EDRR program [07-DG-11420004-257] FX We thank Kayla Brownell (University of Georgia) for maintaining the traps and screening out the original specimens from Port Wentworth, Georgia, and Bobby Brown, USDA-APHIS, for recognizing the specimens as different from known U.S. species. We also thank Terry Price for maintaining traps in Port Wentworth in 2011 and Rick Hoebeke (University of Georgia) for identifying the additional specimens from those traps. Thanks also to the Master Naturalists of Texas who maintained the FS EDRR traps around Houston. We appreciate Harald Schillhammer's help to access Schedl's collection in the Vienna Natural History Museum. The USDA-FS EDRR program funded this study, in part (# 07-DG-11420004-257 to AIC). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 EI 2162-0237 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 89 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 118KC UT WOS:000317023400004 ER PT J AU Dmitriev, DA McKamey, SH AF Dmitriev, Dmitry A. McKamey, Stuart H. TI Nomenclatural changes in Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae and Delphacidae (Homoptera) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Typhlocybinae; Delphacidae; leafhopper; planthopper; systematics; homonym; synonym AB New replacement names are proposed for seven species of the subfamily Typhlocybinae; one new synonym is recognized in the family Delphacidae. The following changes are proposed: Empoasca (Empoasca) angustata nom. nov. for Empoasca angusta Linnavuori & DeLong (not Dworakowska); Empoasca (Empoasca) chilensis nom. nov. for Empoasca diversa Linnavuori & DeLong (not Vilbaste); Austroasca verdensis nom. nov. for Empoasca artemisiae Lindberg (not Lethierry); Kropka vidanoi Dworakowska for Erythroneura unipunctata Dlabola (not Cerutti); Zyginella vietnamica nom. nov. for Zyginella melichari Dworakowska (not Kirkaldy); Eupteryx (Eupteryx) dlabolai nom. nov. for Eupteryx octonotata Dlabola (not Hardy); Baaora ahmedi nom. nov. for Baaora spinosa (Ahmed) (not Beamer); Paradelphacodes insolitus Dmitriev is synonymized with Paradelphacodes gvosdevi (Mitjaev), syn. nov. C1 [Dmitriev, Dmitry A.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [McKamey, Stuart H.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Dmitriev, DA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM dmitriev@inhs.uiuc.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0315373, DEB-050529679, DEB-0715499] FX This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation grants (DEB 0315373, DEB-050529679, and DEB-0715499). NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2013 IS 277 BP 109 EP 113 DI 10.3897/zookeys.277.4273 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 106WW UT WOS:000316176600007 PM 23794826 ER PT J AU Luppold, WG Bumgardner, MS AF Luppold, William G. Bumgardner, Matthew S. TI Factors Influencing Changes in U.S. Hardwood Log and Lumber Exports from 1990 to 2011 SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Hardwood lumber; Hardwood logs; Exports; Exchange rates; International trade AB Domestic consumption of hardwood products in the United States since 2000 has trended downward, making exports the single most important market for higher grade hardwood lumber and a major market for higher value hardwood logs. Between 1990 and 2011, hardwood lumber exports increased by 46%. During most of this period, Canada was the largest export market for U. S. lumber, but in 2009 China/Hong Kong became the most important market. Nearly 60% of the lumber exported in 1990 was red or white oak, but the proportion of exports of these species had decreased to 38% by 2011. By contrast, exports of yellow-poplar lumber increased by 381% over this period. The volume of hardwood logs exported grew by 62% between 1990 and 2011, and Canada remained the largest customer. Several factors can affect the export of hardwood lumber and logs. In the 1990s, changes in exchange rates and economic activity in importing countries could be linked with changes in lumber and log exports. Since 2000, China, Vietnam, and other East Asian furniture-producing countries have become important export markets as overseas manufacturers seek lumber of species familiar to U.S. consumers. Conversely, the large decrease in hardwood lumber and log exports to Canada between 2006 and 2009 coincides with a similar decrease in wood furniture imports from Canada. C1 [Luppold, William G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Bumgardner, Matthew S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Luppold, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. EM wluppold@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 BP 1615 EP 1624 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 096EG UT WOS:000315386400013 ER PT J AU Perry, RW AF Perry, Roger W. TI A review of factors affecting cave climates for hibernating bats in temperate North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE bats; caves; hibernacula; humidity; microclimate; mines; temperature; white-nose syndrome ID EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; BIG-EARED BAT; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; CORYNORHINUS-TOWNSENDII; ENERGY AVAILABILITY; VESPERTILIONID BATS; HABITAT SELECTION; PIPISTRELLE BAT; DWELLING BATS AB The fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans, which causes white-nose syndrome in bats, thrives in the cold and moist conditions found in caves where bats hibernate. To aid managers and researchers address this disease, an updated and accessible review of cave hibernacula and cave microclimates is presented. To maximize energy savings and reduce evaporative water loss during winter, most temperate vespertilionid bats in North America select caves with temperatures between 2 and 10 degrees C, with 60%-100% relative humidity. Generally, the temperature in caves is similar to the mean annual surface temperature (MAST) of a region, which varies by latitude, altitude, and topography. However, MAST for most areas where caves are found in eastern North America is well above 10 degrees C. Thus, various factors cause cold-air infiltration that reduces temperatures of these caves during winter. These factors include depth of cave, topographic setting, airflow patterns, cave configuration, and water infiltration. Factors affecting humidity, condensation, and evaporation are also addressed. In areas where MAST is above or below the thermal requirements of Geomyces destructans, many caves used by bats as hibernacula may still provide favorable sites for optimal growth of this fungus. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us NR 115 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 98 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1208-6053 J9 ENVIRON REV JI Environ. Rev. PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.1139/er-2012-0042 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111XV UT WOS:000316556200003 ER PT J AU Pelaez-Samaniego, MR Yadama, V Lowell, E Amidon, TE Chaffee, TL AF Raul Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel Yadama, Vikram Lowell, Eini Amidon, Thomas E. Chaffee, Timothy L. TI Hot water extracted wood fiber for production of wood plastic composites (WPCs) SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE extrusion; hot water extraction; hygroscopicity; wood plastic composites (WPC) ID FLOUR-POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; THERMALLY MODIFIED WOOD; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HEAT-TREATMENT; BIOMASS; HEMICELLULOSE; DURABILITY; ACID; BIOREFINERY; ABSORPTION AB Undebarked ponderosa pine chips were treated by hot water extraction to modify the chemical composition. In the treated pine (TP), the mass was reduced by approximately 20%, and the extract was composed mainly of degradation products of hemicelluloses. Wood flour produced from TP and unextracted chips (untreated pine, UP) was blended with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) and was extruded into wood plastic composites (WPCs). Formulations for WPCs consisted of 58% pine, 32% plastic, and 10% other additives. WPC based on HDPE+TP and PP+TP absorbed 46-45% less water than did WPC based on HDPE+UP and PP+UP, respectively. Thickness swelling was reduced by 45-59%, respectively, after 2520 h of immersion. The diffusion constant decreased by approximately 36%. Evaluation of mechanical properties in flexure and tension mode indicated improvements in TP-WPC properties, although the data were not statistically significant in all cases. Results showed that debarking of ponderosa pine is not required for WPC production. C1 [Raul Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Raul Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel] Univ Cuenca, Fac Chem Sci, Cuenca, Ecuador. [Yadama, Vikram] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lowell, Eini] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. [Amidon, Thomas E.] SUNY Syracuse, Dept Paper & Bioproc Eng, Syracuse, NY USA. [Chaffee, Timothy L.] Ashland Inc, Ashland Hercules Water Technol, Madison, WI USA. RP Yadama, V (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Composite Mat & Engn Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM vyadama@wsu.edu OI Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel Raul/0000-0002-7618-9474 FU USDA Forest Service Research and Development Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts Grant Program FX This project was funded through the USDA Forest Service Research and Development Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts 2009 Grant Program. The authors also acknowledge the Deschutes National Forest, Sisters Ranger District, Sisters, OR, for the cooperation in harvesting the raw material, and the Franceschi Microscopy Center (WSU), for assistance in conducting the SEM analysis. M.R. Pelaez-Samaniego acknowledges the Fulbright Faculty Development Program Scholarship. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 21 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 2013 VL 67 IS 2 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1515/hf-2012-0071 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 109NU UT WOS:000316376100011 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF Seamans, TW Schmidt, PM DeVault, TL Belant, JL Whittingham, MJ Martin, JA Fernandez-Juricic, E AF Blackwell, Bradley F. Seamans, Thomas W. Schmidt, Paige M. DeVault, Travis L. Belant, Jerrold L. Whittingham, Mark J. Martin, James A. Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban TI A framework for managing airport grasslands and birds amidst conflicting priorities SO IBIS LA English DT Article ID STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; FARMLAND BIRDS; CANADA GEESE; CONSERVATION; HEIGHT; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; HABITATS; AIRCRAFT; PATTERNS C1 [Blackwell, Bradley F.; Seamans, Thomas W.; Schmidt, Paige M.; DeVault, Travis L.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Schmidt, Paige M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Tulsa, OK 74129 USA. [Belant, Jerrold L.; Martin, James A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Whittingham, Mark J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM Bradley.F.Blackwell@aphis.usda.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2013 VL 155 IS 1 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1111/ibi.12011 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 108WJ UT WOS:000316326600019 ER PT J AU Sampedro, F McAloon, A Yee, W Fan, X Zhang, HQ Geveke, DJ AF Sampedro, F. McAloon, A. Yee, W. Fan, X. Zhang, H. Q. Geveke, D. J. TI Cost analysis of commercial pasteurization of orange juice by pulsed electric fields SO INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE Pulsed electric fields; Cost analysis; Orange juice; Energy ID FOOD AB The cost of pulsed electric field (PEF) pasteurization of orange juice was estimated. The cost analysis was based on processing conditions that met the US FDA (5 log reduction) requirement for fruit juice pasteurization and that achieved a sufficient microbial shelf-life. PEF-treated samples processed at 30 kV/cm and 60 degrees C had reductions in Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Lactobacillus spp. of greater than 5 log and had a microbial shelf-life of 2 months at 4 degrees C. Total pasteurization cost was estimated to be 3.7 cent/L. Of this, capital costs accounted for 54% (2.0 cent/L), labor costs accounted for 35% (1.3 cent/L) and utility charges, mainly electricity, accounted for 11% (0.4 cent/L). The total PEF cost was 147% (2.2 cent/L) more than that of conventional thermal processing (1.5 cent/L). A deeper knowledge of the processing costs of PEF technology will afford companies a better understanding of the benefits and limitations of nonthermal processing. Industrial relevance: Pasteurization of orange juice by pulsed electric fields (PEF) results in a higher quality product compared to traditional thermal pasteurization. However, industry has not embraced this new technology and the main reason for this may be the lack of a comprehensive cost analysis. A large-scale commercial PEF system was designed and the total pasteurization cost was estimated to be 3.7 cent/L. The total PEF cost was 2.2 cent/L more than that of traditional thermal processing. A thorough knowledge of the processing costs will provide companies with a better understanding of the pros and cons of PEF pasteurization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sampedro, F.] Univ Minnesota, Vet Populat Med Dept, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Anim Hlth & Food Safety, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [McAloon, A.] ARS, Sustainable Biofuels & Co Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Yee, W.] ARS, Off Ctr Director, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Sampedro, F.; Fan, X.] ARS, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Zhang, H. Q.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Geveke, D. J.] ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM david.geveke@ars.usda.gov FU Fundacion Espanola para la Ciencia y la Tecnologia (FECYT) from Ministerio de Innovacion y Ciencia from Spain FX The authors are grateful to the Fundacion Espanola para la Ciencia y la Tecnologia (FECYT) from Ministerio de Innovacion y Ciencia from Spain for providing the postdoctoral grant to Dr. Fernando Sampedro. The authors acknowledge Mr. Joseph Sites and Dr. Tony Jin for their helpful reviews of the final draft. The authors also want to acknowledge Ms. Rebecca Bailey and Dr. Joshua Gurtler for providing and technically assisting with the bacterial strains, Mr. Andrew Bigley for providing technical assistance with the PEF unit and Mr. Mike Kempkes for his valuable data. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-8564 EI 1878-5522 J9 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG JI Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 17 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.ifset.2012.10.002 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 105TE UT WOS:000316094600009 ER PT J AU de Graaf, DC Alippi, AM Antunez, K Aronstein, KA Budge, G De Koker, D De Smet, L Dingman, DW Evans, JD Foster, LJ Funfhaus, A Garcia-Gonzalez, E Gregorc, A Human, H Murray, KD Nguyen, BK Poppinga, L Spivak, M vanEngelsdorp, D Wilkins, S Genersch, E AF de Graaf, Dirk C. Alippi, Adriana M. Antunez, Karina Aronstein, Katherine A. Budge, Giles De Koker, Dieter De Smet, Lina Dingman, Douglas W. Evans, Jay D. Foster, Leonard J. Fuenfhaus, Anne Garcia-Gonzalez, Eva Gregorc, Ales Human, Hannelie Murray, K. Daniel Nguyen, Bach Kim Poppinga, Lena Spivak, Marla vanEngelsdorp, Dennis Wilkins, Selwyn Genersch, Elke TI Standard methods for American foulbrood research SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE honey bee; American foulbrood; Paenibacillus larvae; brood; disease; pathogen; technique; BEEBOOK; COLOSS ID LARVAE SUBSP LARVAE; HONEY-BEE PATHOGEN; SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PAENIBACILLUS-LARVAE; BACILLUS-LARVAE; APIS-MELLIFERA; BACTERIAL PATHOGEN AB American foulbrood is one of the most devastating diseases of the honey bee. It is caused by the spore-forming, Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. The recent updated genome assembly and annotation for this pathogen now permits in-depth molecular studies. In this paper, selected techniques and protocols for American foulbrood research are provided, mostly in a recipe-like format that permits easy implementation in the laboratory. Topics covered include: working with Paenibacillus larvae, basic microbiological techniques, experimental infection, and "'omics" and other sophisticated techniques. Further, this chapter covers other technical information including biosafety measures to guarantee the safe handling of this pathogen. C1 [de Graaf, Dirk C.; De Koker, Dieter; De Smet, Lina] Univ Ghent, Lab Zoophysiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Alippi, Adriana M.] Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Agr & Forestales, Ctr Invest Fitopatol, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. [Antunez, Karina] Inst Invest Biol Clemente Estable, Dept Microbiol, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. [Aronstein, Katherine A.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Budge, Giles; Wilkins, Selwyn] Food & Environm Res Agcy, Natl Bee Unit, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Dingman, Douglas W.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Biochem & Genet, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Evans, Jay D.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Foster, Leonard J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Fuenfhaus, Anne; Garcia-Gonzalez, Eva; Poppinga, Lena; Genersch, Elke] Inst Bee Res, D-16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany. [Gregorc, Ales] Agr Inst Slovenia, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Human, Hannelie] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Murray, K. Daniel] South Texas Coll, Dept Biol, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Nguyen, Bach Kim] Univ Liege, Gembloux Agrobio Tech, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [Spivak, Marla] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [vanEngelsdorp, Dennis] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP de Graaf, DC (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Lab Zoophysiol, KL Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Dirk.deGraaf@UGent.be RI vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Antunez, Karina/0000-0002-3664-9835 FU Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) [G.0163.11] FX We mourn the passing of Drs. Dieter De Koker who contributed to this chapter. Dieter was a talented PhD student at Ghent University. Our thoughts are with his family and friends. DCdG and LDS gratefully acknowledge the Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen; G.0163.11) for financial support. NR 90 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 59 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI AR 52.1.11 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.11 PG 27 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 100UT UT WOS:000315730300011 ER PT J AU Fries, I Chauzat, MP Chen, YP Doublet, V Genersch, E Gisder, S Higes, M McMahon, DP Martin-Hernandez, R Natsopoulou, M Paxton, RJ Tanner, G Webster, TC Williams, GR AF Fries, Ingemar Chauzat, Marie-Pierre Chen, Yan-Ping Doublet, Vincent Genersch, Elke Gisder, Sebastian Higes, Mariano McMahon, Dino P. Martin-Hernandez, Raquel Natsopoulou, Myrsini Paxton, Robert J. Tanner, Gina Webster, Thomas C. Williams, Geoffrey R. TI Standard methods for Nosema research SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Nosema apis; Nosema ceranae; field methods; laboratory methods; sampling methods; infection dynamics; infection level; microscopy; species identification; standardised cage trials; inoculation methods; spore viability; cell culture; infectious dose; dose effects; course of infection; longevity tests; honey bee; BEEBOOK; COLOSS ID BEE APIS-MELLIFERA; EUROPEAN HONEY-BEES; DEFORMED WING VIRUS; RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITE; CERANAE MICROSPORIDIA; BOMBUS SPP.; VERTICAL-TRANSMISSION; IBERIENSIS COLONIES; HYMENOPTERA-APIDAE AB Methods are described for working with Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the field and in the laboratory. For fieldwork, different sampling methods are described to determine colony level infections at a given point in time, but also for following the temporal infection dynamics. Suggestions are made for how to standardise field trials for evaluating treatments and disease impact. The laboratory methods described include different means for determining colony level and individual bee infection levels and methods for species determination, including light microscopy, electron microscopy, and molecular methods (PCR). Suggestions are made for how to standardise cage trials, and different inoculation methods for infecting bees are described, including control methods for spore viability. A cell culture system for in vitro rearing of Nosema spp. is described. Finally, how to conduct different types of experiments are described, including infectious dose, dose effects, course of infection and longevity tests. C1 [Fries, Ingemar] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Chauzat, Marie-Pierre] Anses, Unit Honey Bee Pathol, F-06902 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Chen, Yan-Ping] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Doublet, Vincent; Natsopoulou, Myrsini; Paxton, Robert J.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. [McMahon, Dino P.; Paxton, Robert J.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. [Genersch, Elke; Gisder, Sebastian] Inst Bee Res Hohen Neuendorf, Dept Mol Microbiol & Bee Dis, D-16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany. [Higes, Mariano; Martin-Hernandez, Raquel] Ctr Apicola Castilla La Mancha, Lab Patol, Marchamalo 19180, Spain. [Tanner, Gina; Williams, Geoffrey R.] Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP HARAS, Bern, Switzerland. [Webster, Thomas C.] Kentucky State Univ, Land Grant Program, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Fries, I (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Ingemar.Fries@slu.se RI McMahon, Dino/F-7006-2012; Martin Hernandez, Raquel/J-7507-2013; Williams, Geoffrey/C-9637-2015; Natsopoulou, Myrsini/D-4862-2015; Doublet, Vincent/D-8050-2015; Paxton, Robert/D-7082-2015 OI McMahon, Dino/0000-0003-1119-5299; Martin Hernandez, Raquel/0000-0002-1730-9368; Williams, Geoffrey/0000-0002-0093-1126; Natsopoulou, Myrsini/0000-0001-7751-3793; Doublet, Vincent/0000-0002-6313-1222; Paxton, Robert/0000-0003-2517-1351 FU 7th framework project BEE DOC; Ricola foundation FX The 7th framework project BEE DOC and the Ricola foundation supported this work period. NR 147 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 9 U2 102 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI AR 52.1.14 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.14 PG 28 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 100UT UT WOS:000315730300014 ER PT J AU Genersch, E Gisder, S Hedtke, K Hunter, WB Mockel, N Muller, U AF Genersch, Elke Gisder, Sebastian Hedtke, Kati Hunter, Wayne B. Moeckel, Nadine Mueller, Uli TI Standard methods for cell cultures in Apis mellifera research SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE honey bee cell; primary cell; non-permanent cell line; insect cell line; permanent cell line; cell culture; tissue culture; COLOSS; BEEBOOK ID ANTENNAL LOBE NEURONS; C-MYC; HONEYBEE; HYMENOPTERA; LINES AB Cell culture techniques are indispensable in most, if not all life science disciplines to date. Wherever appropriate cell culture models are lacking, scientific development is hampered. Unfortunately this has been and still is the case in honey bee research, because permanent honey bee cell lines have not so far been established. To overcome this hurdle, protocols for the cultivation of primary honey bee cells and of non-permanent honey bee cell lines have been developed. In addition, heterologous cell culture models for honey bee pathogens based on non-Apis insect cell lines have recently been developed. To further advance this progress and to encourage bee scientists to enter the field of cell biology based research, here we present protocols for the cultivation of honey bee primary cells and non-permanent cell lines, as well as hints for the cultivation of permanent insect cell lines suitable for honey bee research. C1 [Genersch, Elke; Gisder, Sebastian; Hedtke, Kati; Moeckel, Nadine] Inst Bee Res, D-16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany. [Hunter, Wayne B.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Mueller, Uli] Univ Saarland, Dept Biosci Zool Physiol Neurobiol 8 3, ZHMB Ctr Human & Mol Biol, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. RP Genersch, E (reprint author), Inst Bee Res, Friedrich Engels Str 32, D-16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany. EM elke.genersch@rz.hu-berlin.de NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 31 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI AR 52.1.02 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.02 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 100UT UT WOS:000315730300002 ER PT J AU Hartfelder, K Bitondi, MMG Brent, CS Guidugli-Lazzarini, KR Simoes, ZLP Stabentheiner, A Tanaka, ED Wang, Y AF Hartfelder, Klaus Bitondi, Marcia M. G. Brent, Colin S. Guidugli-Lazzarini, Karina R. Simoes, Zila L. P. Stabentheiner, Anton Tanaka, Erica D. Wang, Ying TI Standard methods for physiology and biochemistry research in Apis mellifera SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE haemolymph; protein; electrophoresis; SDS-PAGE; western blotting; immunofluorescence; sucrose; trehalose; juvenile hormone; radioimmunoassay; gas chromatography; corpora allata; temperature; thermosensors; thermography; radiation; humidity; operative temperature; respiration; energetics; gas exchange; respirometry; oxygen consumption; calorimetry; COLOSS; BEEBOOK; honey bee ID JUVENILE-HORMONE TITERS; DIVISION-OF-LABOR; WORKER HONEY-BEES; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LABELED WATER TECHNIQUE; MITE VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; CORPORA ALLATA; METABOLIC-RATE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION AB Despite their tremendous economic importance, and apart from certain topics in the field of neurophysiology such as vision, olfaction, learning and memory, honey bees are not a typical model system for studying general questions of insect physiology. The reason is their social lifestyle, which sets them apart from a "typical insect" and, during social evolution, has resulted in the restructuring of certain physiological pathways and biochemical characteristics in this insect. Not surprisingly, the questions that have attracted most attention by researchers working on honey bee physiology and biochemistry in general are core topics specifically related to social organization, such as caste development, reproductive division of labour and polyethism within the worker caste. With certain proteins playing key roles in these processes, such as the major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), including royalactin and hexamerins in caste development, and vitellogenin in reproductive division of labour and age polyethism, a major section herein will present and discuss basic laboratory protocols for protein analyses established and standardized to address such questions in bees. A second major topic concerns endocrine mechanisms underlying processes of queen and worker development, as well as reproduction and polyethism, especially the roles of juvenile hormone and ecdysteroids. Sensitive techniques for the quantification of juvenile hormone levels circulating in haemolymph, as well as its synthesis by the corpora allata are described. Although these require certain instrumentation and a considerable degree of sophistication in the analysis procedures, we considered that presenting these techniques would be of interest to laboratories planning to specialize in such analyses. Since biogenic amines are both neurotransmitters and regulators of endocrine glands, we also present a standard method for the detection and analysis of certain biogenic amines of interest. Further questions that cross borders between individual and social physiology are related to energy metabolism and thermoregulation. Thus a further three sections are dedicated to protocols on carbohydrate quantification in body fluid, body temperature measurement and respirometry. C1 [Hartfelder, Klaus] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [Bitondi, Marcia M. G.; Guidugli-Lazzarini, Karina R.; Simoes, Zila L. P.; Tanaka, Erica D.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto, Dept Biol, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [Brent, Colin S.] USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Stabentheiner, Anton] Graz Univ, Inst Zool, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Wang, Ying] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Hartfelder, K (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Ave Bandeirantes 3900, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. EM klaus@fmrp.usp.br RI Hartfelder, Klaus/A-4293-2009; Simoes, Zila/H-7314-2014; Guidugli Lazzarini, Karina Rosa/G-3502-2012; Bitondi, Marcia/E-8014-2012 OI Hartfelder, Klaus/0000-0001-7981-8427; Bitondi, Marcia/0000-0002-5619-6378 NR 180 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 105 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI AR 52.1.06 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.06 PG 47 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 100UT UT WOS:000315730300006 ER PT J AU Jensen, AB Aronstein, K Flores, JM Vojvodic, S Palacio, MA Spivak, M AF Jensen, Annette Bruun Aronstein, Kathrine Manuel Flores, Jose Vojvodic, Svjetlana Alejandra Palacio, Maria Spivak, Marla TI Standard methods for fungal brood disease research SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Ascosphaera; Ascosphaerales; Aspergillus; chalkbrood; diagnostics; methods; recommendations; stonebrood; COLOSS; BEEBOOK; honey bee ID APIS-MELLIFERA L.; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; PATHOGEN ASCOSPHAERA-APIS; HYGIENIC BEHAVIOR; HONEY-BEES; CHALKBROOD DISEASE; DNA-SEQUENCES; ASPERGILLOSIS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION AB Chalkbrood and stonebrood are two fungal diseases associated with honey bee brood. Chalkbrood, caused by Ascosphaera apis, is a common and widespread disease that can result in severe reduction of emerging worker bees and thus overall colony productivity. Stonebrood is caused by Aspergillus spp. that are rarely observed, so the impact on colony health is not very well understood. A major concern with the presence of Aspergillus in honey bees is the production of airborne conidia, which can lead to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary aspergilloma, or even invasive aspergillosis in lung tissues upon inhalation by humans. In the current chapter we describe the honey bee disease symptoms of these fungal pathogens. In addition, we provide research methodologies and protocols for isolating and culturing, in vivo and in vitro assays that are commonly used to study these host pathogen interactions. We give guidelines on the preferred methods used in current research and the application of molecular techniques. We have added photographs, drawings and illustrations to assist bee-extension personnel and bee scientists in the control of these two diseases. C1 [Jensen, Annette Bruun] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, DK-1817 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Aronstein, Kathrine] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Manuel Flores, Jose] Univ Cordoba, Dept Zool, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Vojvodic, Svjetlana] Univ Arizona, Ctr Insect Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Alejandra Palacio, Maria] Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, Fac Ciencias Ags, Unidad Integrada INTA, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. [Spivak, Marla] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jensen, AB (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1817 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM abj@life.ku.dk RI Jensen, Annette /E-5478-2013; Jensen, Annette/G-7558-2014; OI Jensen, Annette/0000-0002-2044-2274; Vojvodic, Svjetlana/0000-0003-0660-6540 NR 85 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI AR 52.1.13 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.13 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 100UT UT WOS:000315730300013 ER PT J AU Malik, NSA Perez, JL Kunta, M AF Malik, Nasir S. A. Perez, Jose L. Kunta, Madhurababu TI Changes in free amino acid levels in sour orange leaves in response to cold stress and during recovery from cold stress SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Amino acids; citrus; leaves; cold stress; sour oranges ID ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLIDS; FEEDING PREFERENCES; GREENING DISEASE; PERFORMANCE; NITROGEN; PROLINE; PLANTS; FLY AB In a previous study, we reported that potted sour orange trees recovering from cold stress attracted more Asian citrus psyllids than the control plants continuously kept under warm condition. In parallel studies, cold-treated plants were shown to have relatively increased amounts of ninhydrin positive material during 5-24 h recovery period from cold stress. Here we report on changes in free amino acid levels in sour orange leaves in the 24 h recovery period following the termination of the chilling treatment. Proline was most abundant amino acid and increased in response to chilling treatment; it remained at higher level than initially during the first 5 h recovery period and then declined to initial level after 24 h. In addition, amino acids, such as serine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, isoleucine, tyrosine, arginine and histidine, increased due to cold treatment and/or during recovery after cold treatment, while asparagine, phenylalanine, leucine, alanine and threonine either decreased or remained unchanged in response to cold stress and during immediate recovery period. The special pattern with which levels of different free amino acids change in response to cold stress might have important implications on interactions between Asian citrus psyllids and citrus host plants. C1 [Malik, Nasir S. A.; Perez, Jose L.; Kunta, Madhurababu] ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Kunta, Madhurababu] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Malik, NSA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2413 E Hwy 83 Weslaco, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM nasir.malik@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PY 2013 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1086 EP 1088 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 106VL UT WOS:000316172700001 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Meng, JH Shi, CL Hervin, K Fratamico, PM Shi, XM AF Hu, Yu Meng, Jianghong Shi, Chunlei Hervin, Kirstin Fratamico, Pina M. Shi, Xianming TI Characterization and comparative analysis of a second thermonuclease from Staphylococcus aureus SO MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Characterization; Comparative analysis; Thermonuclease activity; nuc gene expression; Staphylococcal nuclease ID CONTEMPORARY ENZYMOLOGY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NUCLEASE; PROTEINS; STRAIN; ACID; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; PREDICTION; STABILITY AB Staphylococcal nuclease (here termed as Nucl) is considered an important virulence factor and a unique marker widely used in the detection of Staphylococcus aureus. A second functional thermostable nuclease (here termed as Nuc2) in S. aureus was characterized after recombinant expression in Escherichia coll. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that Nuc2 was a more conserved protein in the staphylococci group compared with Nucl. Recombinant Nuc2 showed nuclease activity in the zymogram test and was able to degrade various types of nucleic acids. The optimal reaction temperature and pH for Nuc2 were 50 C and pH 10, respectively. The enzymatic activity of Nuc2 was stimulated in the presence of Ca2+ (0.05 mM), Mg2+ (0.5 mM), dithiothreitol, beta-mecaptoethanol, TritonX-100, Tween-20, and urea; however, activity decreased sharply when exposed to heavy metals such as Zn2+ and Mn2+, and in the presence of EDTA or SDS. Nuc2 showed weaker activity, lower thermostability and different sensitivity to these chemical agents compared with Nucl, which was consistent with differences in the sequence pattern and structure predicted. Furthermore, a nuc1 and nuc2 double deletion mutant of S. aureus and respective complementation experiments suggest a major role for nuc1 in terms of thermonuclease activity in S. aureus. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Yu; Shi, Chunlei; Hervin, Kirstin; Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, MOST USDA Joint Res Ctr Food Safety, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Hu, Yu; Shi, Chunlei; Hervin, Kirstin; Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Bor Luh Food Safety Ctr, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Meng, Jianghong] Univ Maryland, Joint Inst Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fratamico, Pina M.] USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Shi, XM (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, MOST USDA Joint Res Ctr Food Safety, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. EM xmshi@sjtu.edu.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011DFA31220, 2012AA101601, 2012BAK17B10]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31171690, 31000779] FX This work was jointly supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant nos. 2011DFA31220, 2012AA101601, 2012BAK17B10) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 31171690, 31000779). The authors would like to thank DrGuRuoxu (College of life science and biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University) for the drawing of the superposition structure. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-5013 J9 MICROBIOL RES JI Microbiol. Res. PY 2013 VL 168 IS 3 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.micres.2012.09.003 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 111EP UT WOS:000316504400007 PM 23295145 ER PT J AU Robinson, CB Wills, PS Riche, MA Straus, DL AF Robinson, Christopher B. Wills, Paul S. Riche, Marty A. Straus, David L. TI Tissue-Specific Copper Concentrations in Red Drum after Long-Term Exposure to Sublethal Levels of Waterborne Copper and a 21-Day Withdrawal SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; SULFATE; TROUT; ZINC; BIOACCUMULATION; MORTALITY; PUNCTATUS; TOXICITY; MUSCLE; GROWTH AB Juvenile Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus were exposed to sublethal concentrations of waterborne copper (Cu; 0.250.35mg/L) for 242 d using an ethanolamine chelated Cu compound as a prophylactic treatment to control ectoparasites in recirculating aquaculture systems. Skin, muscle, gill, liver, and intestine tissues were collected on days 1, 3, 5, 15, and 21 during the 21-d depuration. Liver and intestine tissues accumulated Cu at a rate that was strongly influenced by the environmental Cu load. Skin, gills, and muscle tissues did not accumulate substantial amounts of Cu despite its presence at therapeutic levels. The rank order of the Cu concentrations in the different tissues was as follows: intestine > liver > gills > skin > muscle. Predictive equations for tissue Cu concentrations (g/g) relative to time of withdrawal (d) and waterborne Cu concentration (mg/L) were generated using trend analysis. The relationships between tissue Cu concentrations and time of withdrawal were significant, with all tissue Cu concentrations decreasing over time. The relationships between tissue Cu concentrations and waterborne Cu concentration were also significant, with elevated waterborne Cu concentrations resulting in higher tissue Cu concentrations, especially in the intestine, liver, and gill tissue samples. Red Drum cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems had lower (2652-g/g) detectable Cu concentrations in muscle tissue than wild-caught Red Drum (414g/g). Received October 6, 2011; accepted March 4, 2012 C1 [Robinson, Christopher B.; Wills, Paul S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Riche, Marty A.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Program, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Straus, David L.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Robinson, CB (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, 5600 US Highway 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM crobinso@hboi.fau.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [6225-63000-007-00D]; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission [08216] FX Funding for this research was provided by U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) project no. 6225-63000-007-00D and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission grant number 08216. Special thanks to the technical staffs of USDA-ARS and Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University for the help provided. All programs and services of the USDA are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply endorsement by the USDA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.676007 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 100RH UT WOS:000315718500001 ER PT J AU Arnold, MB Torrans, EL Allen, PJ AF Arnold, Michael B. Torrans, Eugene L. Allen, Peter J. TI Influences of Cyclic, High Temperatures on Juvenile Channel Catfish Growth and Feeding SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CONVERSION RATIO; BODY-COMPOSITION; FOOD CONVERSION; FISH GROWTH; CONSUMPTION; EFFICIENCY; RESPONSES; RATES; TOLERANCE AB Effects of high summer temperatures on Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus are poorly understood, particularly for thermal regimes that mimic pond aquaculture conditions. Therefore, this study examined the effects of three cycling upper-range temperature regimes (2327 degrees C, 2731 degrees C, and 3135 degrees C) characteristic of aquaculture environments in the Mississippi Delta. Feed conversion ratio, feed consumption, specific growth rate, activity levels, survival, and overall growth in terms of wet weight and TL were measured in fingerling channel catfish over an 8-week period in a flow-through, multiple-tank system. Specific growth rate, feed consumption, TL, and wet weight of fish increased significantly in the 2731 degrees C treatment in contrast to the 2327 degrees C and 3135 degrees C treatments. Feed conversion ratio was lowest in the 2731 degrees C treatment, whereas activity levels were highest in the 3135 degrees C treatment. Survival significantly decreased for catfish in the warmest treatment compared with catfish in the coolest treatment. These results indicate that high temperatures decrease growth in Channel Catfish, largely due to reduced food consumption and feed conversion and increased levels of activity. Therefore, increases in temperatures, such as from climate change, present challenges to the culture and management of Channel Catfish. Received April 30, 2012; accepted September 12, 2012 C1 [Arnold, Michael B.; Allen, Peter J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Torrans, Eugene L.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Allen, PJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM pallen@cfr.msstate.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX We thank our funding source, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, for supporting this project. Additionally, we give sincere thanks to the Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, and the South Farm Aquaculture Facility at Mississippi State University for providing assistance, opinions, advice, facilities, and additional support throughout the entirety of this research. Gratitude is also expressed to Drs. James Steeby, Craig Tucker, and Les Torrans for serving as committee members on this project. Furthermore, we thank the reviewers for their opinions and ideas provided during the submission process of this manuscript. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.732674 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 100RH UT WOS:000315718500011 ER PT J AU Li, MHH Robinson, EH Bosworth, BG Oberle, DF Lucas, PM AF Li, Menghe H. Robinson, Edwin H. Bosworth, Brian G. Oberle, Daniel F. Lucas, Penelope M. TI Evaluation of Hydrolyzed Poultry Feathers as a Dietary Ingredient for Pond-Raised Channel Catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL PROTEIN INGREDIENTS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; FISH-MEAL; GROWTH; FEEDS; CARP; L. AB The present study examined the use of hydrolyzed poultry feathers (HPF) as a replacement for soybean meal in diets for pond raised Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Four isonitrogenous (28% crude protein) diets were evaluated that contained 0, 5, 10, or 15% HPF. Fingerling Channel Catfish (mean +/- SD initial weight was 47.5 +/- 2.2 g) were stocked into twenty 0.04-ha earthen ponds at a rate of 14,830 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for 140 d. No significant differences were observed for weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival among fish fed various levels of HPF. There were also no significant differences in net yield of fish fed diets containing 0, 5, and 10% HPF, but net yield of fish fed a diet containing 15% HPF was significantly lower than that of fish fed the control diet. Fish on diets containing 5% HPF and above were fed significantly less feed than fish fed the control diet. Regression analysis showed that total amount of diet fed, net yield, and weight gain decreased linearly as dietary HPF levels increased. Based on weight gain and net yield data, 5% HPF with supplemental lysine may be used in Channel Catfish diets without marked impact on fish growth performance. However, carcass and fillet yield were significantly reduced in fish fed diets containing 5% HPF and higher. Fillet protein generally decreased and fillet fat increased with increasing dietary HPF levels. Received July 18, 2012; accepted September 12, 2012 C1 [Li, Menghe H.; Robinson, Edwin H.; Oberle, Daniel F.; Lucas, Penelope M.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bosworth, Brian G.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MHH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mli@drec.msstate.edu FU [MIS-081111] FX We thank Sandra Phillips and Cliff Smith for their assistance with fish processing and proximate analysis during the study. This manuscript is approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-12201 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. The project was supported under Project No. MIS-081111. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.732675 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 100RH UT WOS:000315718500012 ER PT J AU Sealey, WM Gaylord, TG Toner, M Ilgen, J Fraser, WC Hooley, CG Barrows, FT AF Sealey, Wendy M. Gaylord, T. Gibson Toner, Matt Ilgen, Jason Fraser, W. C. Hooley, Christopher G. Barrows, Frederic T. TI Growth and Acute Temperature Tolerance of June Sucker Juveniles Fed Varying Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels With and Without Supplemental Dicalcium Phosphate SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FISH; METABOLISM; SALMON AB Reports from hatcheries have demonstrated that commercially available diets are inadequate for June Suckers Chasmistes liorus and suggest that fish quality can be improved through species-specific diet optimization. To determine dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile June Suckers, practical-type diets were formulated with 35, 40, or 45% protein and 8, 12, or 16% lipid and tested in a 3x3 factorial design. Two additional diets (45% protein and 16% lipid [45:16] without dicalcium phosphate supplementation and 45:16 with 2x dicalcium phosphate) were formulated to test the necessity of dicalcium phosphate supplementation. Each diet was fed to three replicate tanks (average initial fish weight +/- SD = 4.48 +/- 0.24g) of fish per treatment (85 fish/tank); only duplicate tanks were used for the nondicalcium phosphate-supplemented treatment. Fish were reared in 80-L tanks supplied with 4 L/min of 22 degrees C spring water and fed 64% body weight (BW)/d by automated belt feeders, 6 d/week. At the end of 12weeks of culture, tissue samples were obtained to determine nutrient partitioning. An acute temperature challenge was also conducted to investigate dietary adequacy. Significant effects of diet on growth and temperature tolerance were observed. Fish fed the diet with 45% crude protein gained more weight than did fish fed 40% or 35% crude protein, and fish fed 16% dietary lipid gained more weight than did fish fed 12% and 8% crude lipid. However, the composition of this growth indicated that fish fed the 16% lipid stored larger amounts of lipid in both the visceral cavity and the muscle. A significant negative interactive effect of dietary protein and lipid on temperature tolerance was observed at 45% crude protein and 16% lipid. Results of this study define acceptable ranges of dietary protein and lipid for juvenile June Suckers and provide culturists information to make better choices regarding appropriate diets for this species. Received June 19, 2012; accepted September 29, 2012 C1 [Sealey, Wendy M.; Gaylord, T. Gibson; Toner, Matt; Ilgen, Jason; Fraser, W. C.; Hooley, Christopher G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Trout Grains Project, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM wendy_sealey@fws.gov FU June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program FX The authors thank Jason Frost for his assistance with diet manufacturing and fish sampling. Funding for the study was provided, in part, by June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the authors, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 1 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.736449 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 100RH UT WOS:000315718500018 ER PT J AU Reichert, JM Norton, LD AF Reichert, Jose Miguel Norton, L. Darrell TI Rill and interrill erodibility and sediment characteristics of clayey Australian Vertosols and a Ferrosol SO SOIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE erosion processes; flow regime; sedimentation; tropical soils; WEPP model ID MODELING WATER EROSION; COMBUSTION BOTTOM-ASH; SOIL LOSS PREDICTION; OVERLAND-FLOW; SIZE CHARACTERISTICS; PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES; AGGREGATE STABILITY; SETTLING VELOCITY; LOAM SOIL; RUNOFF AB For soils and conditions outside the USA, input parameters for physically based soil erosion models, such as the WEPP model, are usually not available, particularly for tropical soils. In a laboratory study, small erosion pans and a programmable rain simulator were used to determine interrill erodibility, whereas in the field, rills were physically allocated in the field as plots of 0.1 by 10m within a ridge-furrow arrangement and five water-inflow rates were applied sequentially to determine rill erodibility and critical hydraulic shear. During the rain or inflows, runoff samples were taken and flow was characterised. The soils tested were Grey Vertosol, Black Vertosol, and Red Ferrosol. The fall velocity parameter, V-50, for rill soil and eroded sediment followed the order Red Ferrosol > Grey Vertosol > Black Vertosol, which Black Vertosol was the same order as observed for V-50 and mean weight diameter MWD) of aggregates in the interrill erosion experiment and D-50 of interrill eroded sediment, demonstrating differences between soils in dispersion and aggregate stability. The estimated values obtained by the WEPP model were not comparable to laboratory interrill erodibility values or to field rill erodibility values. Thus, erodibility parameters for physically based erosion models such a WEPP should be determined in the field for tropical soils, and new equations need to be developed to estimate such values based on soil properties for tropical soils. C1 [Reichert, Jose Miguel] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Soils, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Norton, L. Darrell] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Norton, L. Darrell] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Reichert, JM (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Soils, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. EM reichert@ufsm.br RI Reichert, Jose/F-2393-2014; Reichert, Jose Miguel/F-8189-2012 OI Reichert, Jose/0000-0003-3130-5264; NR 54 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 38 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1838-675X J9 SOIL RES JI Soil Res. PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1071/SR12243 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 109ZA UT WOS:000316409300001 ER PT J AU DeBoer, SP Garner, JP Lay, DC Eicher, SD Lucas, JR Marchant-Forde, JN AF DeBoer, Shelly P. Garner, Joseph P. Lay, Donald C., Jr. Eicher, Susan D. Lucas, Jeffrey R. Marchant-Forde, Jeremy N. TI Does the presence of a human affect the preference of enrichment items in young, isolated pigs? SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Swine; Preference; Mirror; Mat; Isolation; Housing ID ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; SOCIAL-ISOLATION; GROWING-PIGS; ENDOTOXIN CHALLENGE; GROUP-SIZE; HEART-RATE; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; SOWS; WELFARE AB Pigs may be housed individually in both production and research settings. Gregarious by nature, pigs kept in isolation may show behavioural and physiological signs of stress. In this study we investigated the preference of individually housed pigs, for social and non-social enrichments. Three enrichment items were compared: a mat (MAT), a companion (COM) and a mirror (MIR). Fourteen weaner pigs (Yorkshire x Landrace) were housed individually with continuous access to 4 adjacent pens. One pen was a control (CTRL) and had no enrichment; the others had one enrichment each, either a mat on part of the woven wire floor (MAT), a companion visible across the passageway (COM) or a mirror on one wall (MIR). Pigs spent more proportion of time (P=0.021) in the COM pen (0.65 +/- 0.07) compared to the CTRL pen (0.31 +/- 0.07) with the MAT pen (0.57 +/- 0.07) and the MIR (0.42 +/- 0.07) pen as intermediates. They also spent more total time engaged in investigative and inactive behaviours in the COM pen compared to the CTRL pen (P=0.007). A second analysis was performed to investigate changes in preferences in the presence or absence of a human in the room. The pens were then combined into two categories: social pens (COM and MIR) and nonsocial pens (MAT and CTRL). The probability of a pig being observed in the MIR pen when a human was present was significantly higher (P=0.0001), than when absent. Within the social enrichments, the probability of the animal being observed in either MIR or COM pen was not different (P=0.017). Our results confirm that preference studies may be highly sensitive to experimental conditions. Thus, the assumption that the most important preference is the one the animal spends most of its time with can be misleading. It appears that a mirror may be used by the animal for social support during periods of perceived threat, however further investigation is warranted. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeBoer, Shelly P.; Garner, Joseph P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lay, Donald C., Jr.; Eicher, Susan D.; Marchant-Forde, Jeremy N.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lucas, Jeffrey R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Marchant-Forde, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jeremy.marchant-forde@ars.usda.gov RI Garner, Joseph/C-8422-2009; Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 FU National Center for Research Resources of the NIH [R44RR022489] FX This work was supported by grant number R44RR022489 from the National Center for Research Resources of the NIH. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Research Resources or the National Institutes of Health. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 143 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2012.10.007 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 106OJ UT WOS:000316154100003 ER PT J AU Akagi, SK Yokelson, RJ Burling, IR Meinardi, S Simpson, I Blake, DR McMeeking, GR Sullivan, A Lee, T Kreidenweis, S Urbanski, S Reardon, J Griffith, DWT Johnson, TJ Weise, DR AF Akagi, S. K. Yokelson, R. J. Burling, I. R. Meinardi, S. Simpson, I. Blake, D. R. McMeeking, G. R. Sullivan, A. Lee, T. Kreidenweis, S. Urbanski, S. Reardon, J. Griffith, D. W. T. Johnson, T. J. Weise, D. R. TI Measurements of reactive trace gases and variable O-3 formation rates in some South Carolina biomass burning plumes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; FIRE EMISSIONS EXPERIMENT; UNITED-STATES; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; PARTICLE EMISSIONS; TROPICAL FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBONYL SULFIDE; PRESCRIBED FIRES AB In October-November 2011 we measured trace gas emission factors from seven prescribed fires in South Carolina (SC), US, using two Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) systems and whole air sampling (WAS) into canisters followed by gas-chromatographic analysis. A total of 97 trace gas species were quantified from both airborne and ground-based sampling platforms, making this one of the most detailed field studies of fire emissions to date. The measurements include the first emission factors for a suite of monoterpenes produced by heating vegetative fuels during field fires. The first quantitative FTIR observations of limonene in smoke are reported along with an expanded suite of monoterpenes measured by WAS including alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, camphene, 4-carene, and myrcene. The known chemistry of the monoterpenes and their measured abundance of 0.4-27.9% of non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) and similar to 21% of organic aerosol (mass basis) suggests that they impacted secondary formation of ozone (O-3), aerosols, and small organic trace gases such as methanol and formaldehyde in the sampled plumes in the first few hours after emission. The variability in the initial terpene emissions in the SC fire plumes was high and, in general, the speciation of the initially emitted gas-phase NMOCs was 13-195% different from that observed in a similar study in nominally similar pine forests in North Carolina similar to 20 months earlier. It is likely that differences in stand structure and environmental conditions contributed to the high variability observed within and between these studies. Similar factors may explain much of the variability in initial emissions in the literature. The Delta HCN/Delta CO emission ratio, however, was found to be fairly consistent with previous airborne fire measurements in other coniferous-dominated ecosystems, with the mean for these studies being 0.90+/-0.06 %, further confirming the value of HCN as a biomass burning tracer. The SC results also support an earlier finding that C3C4 alkynes may be of use as biomass burning indicators on the time-scale of hours to a day. It was possible to measure the downwind chemical evolution of the plume on four of the fires and significant O-3 formation (Delta O-3/Delta CO from 1090 %) occurred in all of these plumes within two hours. The slowest O-3 production was observed on a cloudy day with low co-emission of NOx. The fastest O-3 production was observed on a sunny day when the downwind plume almost certainly incorporated significant additional NOx by passing over the Columbia, SC metropolitan area. Due to rapid plume dilution, it was only possible to acquire high-quality downwind data for two other trace gas species (formaldehyde and methanol) during two of the fires. In all four of these cases, significant increases in formaldehyde and methanol were observed in < 2 h. This is likely the first direct observation of post-emission methanol production in biomass burning plumes. Post-emission production of methanol does not always happen in young biomass burning plumes, and its occurrence in this study could have involved terpene precursors to a significant extent. C1 [Akagi, S. K.; Yokelson, R. J.; Burling, I. R.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Meinardi, S.; Simpson, I.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [McMeeking, G. R.; Sullivan, A.; Lee, T.; Kreidenweis, S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Urbanski, S.; Reardon, J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Griffith, D. W. T.] Univ Wollongong, Dept Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia. [Johnson, T. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Weise, D. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM bob.yokelson@umontana.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [RC-1649, 08JV11272166039]; Joint Fire Science Program [11-1-5-12, 08-1-6-09]; NSF [ATM 0513055] FX This work was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project RC-1649 and administered partly through Forest Service Research Joint Venture Agreement 08JV11272166039, and we thank the sponsors for their support. CSU was supported by Joint Fire Science Program grant # 11-1-5-12. Shawn Urbanski and some of the Twin Otter flight hours were supported by Joint Fire Science Program grant # 08-1-6-09. We appreciate the efforts of Aaron Sparks and Signe Leirfallom to measure the consumption of wildland fuels for this study. Adaptation of the USFS Twin Otter for research flights was supported primarily by NSF grant ATM 0513055. Special thanks to our pilot Bill Mank and Twin Otter mechanic Steve Woods. We thank Holly Eissinger for constructing maps of Fort Jackson flight tracks, hot spots, and fire locations shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4. We greatly appreciate the collaboration and efforts of John Maitland and forestry staff at Fort Jackson and we thank the Columbia dispatch office of the South Carolina Forestry Commission for assistance in locating fires to sample. NR 104 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 75 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1141 EP 1165 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1141-2013 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LR UT WOS:000315406100004 ER PT J AU Bhalla, A Bansal, N Kumar, S Bischoff, KM Sani, RK AF Bhalla, Aditya Bansal, Namita Kumar, Sudhir Bischoff, Kenneth M. Sani, Rajesh K. TI Improved lignocellulose conversion to biofuels with thermophilic bacteria and thermostable enzymes SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Biofuels; Bioconversion; Cellulases; Lignocellulose; Xylanases; Thermophilic bacteria ID ISOLATED BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ALICYCLOBACILLUS SP A4; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; CALDICELLULOSIRUPTOR-SACCHAROLYTICUS; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PLANT BIOMASS; THERMOALKALOPHILIC XYLANASE AB Second-generation feedstock, especially nonfood lignocellulosic biomass is a potential source for biofuel production. Cost-intensive physical, chemical, biological pretreatment operations and slow enzymatic hydrolysis make the overall process of lignocellulosic conversion into biofuels less economical than available fossil fuels. Lignocellulose conversions carried out at <= 50 degrees C have several limitations. Therefore, this review focuses on the importance of thermophilic bacteria and thermostable enzymes to overcome the limitations of existing lignocellulosic biomass conversion processes. The influence of high temperatures on various existing lignocellulose conversion processes and those that are under development, including separate hydrolysis and fermentation, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and extremophilic consolidated bioprocess are also discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhalla, Aditya; Bansal, Namita; Kumar, Sudhir; Sani, Rajesh K.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Kumar, Sudhir] Jaypee Univ Informat Technol Waknaghat, Dept Biotechnol & Bioinformat, Solan 173234, Himachal Prades, India. [Bischoff, Kenneth M.] Agr Res Serv, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sani, RK (reprint author), South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Rajesh.Sani@sdsmt.edu RI BHALLA, ADITYA/Q-2792-2015 OI BHALLA, ADITYA/0000-0003-3462-9600 FU National Science Foundation - Industry/University Cooperative Research Center (NSF-I/UCRC) [441087]; office of Vice President for Research and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology FX The authors gratefully acknowledge The financial support provided by National Science Foundation - Industry/University Cooperative Research Center (NSF-I/UCRC, Grant #441087). The support from the office of Vice President for Research and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology is gratefully acknowledged. NR 124 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 13 U2 222 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 128 BP 751 EP 759 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.145 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 098JO UT WOS:000315545800106 PM 23246299 ER PT J AU Gottwald, TR Wierenga, EJ AF Gottwald, T. R. Wierenga, E. J. TI Epidemiology of Plum pox virus 'D' strain in Canada and US SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Wierenga, E. J.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Guelph, ON N1G 4S9, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 35 IS 1 BP 112 EP 113 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 100OY UT WOS:000315711800052 ER PT J AU Trueman, CL Hanson, LE Leboeuf, JE AF Trueman, C. L. Hanson, L. E. Leboeuf, J. E. TI The prevalence of different strains of Rhizoctonia solani associated with rhizoctonia crown and root rot symptoms in Ontario sugarbeet fields SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Guelph, Ridgetown, ON N0P 2C0, Canada. [Leboeuf, J. E.] Ontario Minist Agr Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P 2C0, Canada. [Hanson, L. E.] 494 Michigan State Univ, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 35 IS 1 BP 128 EP 128 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 100OY UT WOS:000315711800096 ER PT J AU Ravelonandro, M Scorza, R Briard, P Hily, JM AF Ravelonandro, M. Scorza, R. Briard, P. Hily, J. M. TI Expression of small interfering RNAs (amiRNA and/or siRNA) in plants confers Plum pox virus-resistance. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ravelonandro, M.; Briard, P.; Hily, J. M.] Univ Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux, UMR Biol Fruit & Pathol 1322, Bordeaux, France. [Scorza, R.; Hily, J. M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 35 IS 1 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 100OY UT WOS:000315711800116 ER PT J AU Scorza, R Callahan, AM Dardick, C Ravelonandro, M Cambra, M Zagrai, I Polak, J Malinowski, T AF Scorza, R. Callahan, A. M. Dardick, C. Ravelonandro, M. Cambra, M. Zagrai, I. Polak, J. Malinowski, T. TI Controlling Plum pox virus through pathogen-derived resistance. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ravelonandro, M.] Univ Bordeaux 2, INRA Bordeaux, UMR Biol Fruit & Pathol 1332, Villenave Dornon, France. [Cambra, M.] IVIA, Valencia, Spain. [Zagrai, I.] Fruit Res & Dev Stn Bistrita, Bistrita, BN, Romania. [Polak, J.] CRI, Prague, Czech Republic. [Malinowski, T.] Inst Hort Res, Skierniewice, Poland. RI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/O-6367-2014 OI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/0000-0003-2170-9521 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 35 IS 1 BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 100OY UT WOS:000315711800118 ER PT J AU Weldon, M AF Weldon, M. TI Update on the current situation and control of Plum pox virus in the United States. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Weldon, M.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Penfield, NY 14526 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 35 IS 1 BP 138 EP 139 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 100OY UT WOS:000315711800122 ER PT J AU Oltmans-Deardorff, SE Fehr, WR Shoemaker, RC AF Oltmans-Deardorff, Sheilah E. Fehr, Walter R. Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Marker-Assisted Selection for Elevated Concentrations of the alpha ' Subunit of beta-Conglycinin and Its Influence on Agronomic and Seed Traits of Soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; IN-VITRO; GLYCININ GENES; 7S GLOBULIN; INHERITANCE; ORGANIZATION; PEPTIDES; ALLELES; CELLS; MICE AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with elevated concentrations of the alpha' subunit of beta-conglycinin (BC) may provide health benefits to soy protein consumers. Two Monsanto single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used to classify F-2 plants in four segregating populations as having elevated alpha' concentration (EAP) or normal alpha' concentration (NAP). Seeds from one F-3 progeny of each F-2 plant were analyzed for protein composition by sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of the 800 plants in the four populations evaluated with the two markers, 82% were correctly classified for the EAP trait and 80% for the NAP trait. The EAP and NAP traits were evaluated in combination with the four glycinin genotypes gy1,2, Gy3, gy4, Gy5; gy1,2, Gy3, gy4, gy5; gy1,2, gy3, gy4, Gy5; and gy1,2, gy3, gy4, gy5. The seed yield, time of maturity, and protein and oil concentration were evaluated for 18 F-3:5 lines in each of the eight genotypic classes of the four populations at three environments in 2011. The EAP trait resulted in a significant increase in the alpha' and beta subunits of BC and a decrease in the alpha subunit, with no consistent impact on total BC, total glycinin, seed yield, maturity, and protein and oil concentrations. It should be possible to develop acceptable soybean cultivars that have the EAP trait in combination with the glycinin genotype gy1,2, gy3, gy4, gy5 to obtain a high concentration of the alpha' subunit and total BC with no glycinin for soy-based food products. C1 [Oltmans-Deardorff, Sheilah E.] Monsanto Co, Huxley, IA 50124 USA. [Fehr, Walter R.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shoemaker, Randy C.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fehr, WR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wfehr@iastate.edu FU Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh, St. Louis, MO FX This journal paper was part of the dissertation research of the senior author conducted with the support of the Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh, St. Louis, MO 63167. Received 27 Mar. 2012. star Corresponding author (wfehr@iastate.edu). NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.03.0205 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099LU UT WOS:000315623700001 ER PT J AU Massman, JM Jung, HJG Bernardo, R AF Massman, Jon M. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Bernardo, Rex TI Genomewide Selection versus Marker-assisted Recurrent Selection to Improve Grain Yield and Stover-quality Traits for Cellulosic Ethanol in Maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENOMIC SELECTION; BREEDING PROGRAM; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; ACCURACY; POPULATION; PREDICTION; EFFICIENCY; SIMULATION; MODELS; LOCI AB Genomewide selection (GWS) is marker-assisted selection without identifying markers with significant effects. Our previous work with the intermated B73 x Mo17 maize (Zea mays L.) population revealed significant variation for grain yield and stover-quality traits important for cellulosic ethanol production. Our objectives were to determine (i) if realized gains from selection are larger with GWS than with marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS), which involves selection for markers with significant effects; and (ii) how multiple traits respond to multiple cycles of GWS and MARS. In 2007, testcrosses of 223 recombinant inbreds developed from B73 x Mo17 (Cycle 0) were evaluated at four Minnesota locations and genotyped with 287 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Individuals with the best performance for a Stover Index and a Yield + Stover Index were intermated to form Cycle 1. Both GWS and MARS were then conducted until Cycle 3. Multilocation trials in 2010 indicated that gains for the Stover Index and Yield + Stover Index were 14 to 50% larger (significant at P = 0.05) with GWS than with MARS. Gains in individual traits were mostly nonsignificant. Inbreeding coefficients ranged from 0.28 to 0.38 by Cycle 3 of GWS and MARS. For stover-quality traits, correlations between wet chemistry and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy predictions decreased after selection. We believe this is the first published report of a GWS experiment in crops, and our results indicate that using all available markers for predicting genotypic value leads to greater gain than using a subset of markers with significant effects. C1 [Massman, Jon M.; Bernardo, Rex] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bernardo, R (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bernardo@umn.edu FU USDA Plant Feedstocks Genomics grant FX This research was funded by a USDA Plant Feedstocks Genomics grant (2007-2011) to Rex Bernardo and Hans-Joachim G. Jung. We thank Tom Hoverstad, Richard Jeo, Steve Quiring, and Eric Ristau for their excellent technical assistance, and we thank Monsanto for the use of one of their proprietary inbreds as a tester. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 47 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 53 IS 1 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0112 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099LU UT WOS:000315623700006 ER PT J AU Richardson, ML Hall, DG AF Richardson, Matthew L. Hall, David G. TI Resistance of Poncirus and Citrus x Poncirus Germplasm to the Asian Citrus Psyllid SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIAPHORINA-CITRI; HEMIPTERA PSYLLIDAE; HOST-PLANT; FLORIDA; HOMOPTERA; KUWAYAMA; BIOLOGY; DISEASE AB The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, has spread to citrus growing regions nearly worldwide and transmits phloem-limited bacteria (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.) that are putatively responsible for citrus greening disease. Host plant resistance may provide the most effective control, but ACP has a broad host range and resistance in Citrus spp. and relatives to ACP has not been widely documented. Very low abundances of ACP were found on two accessions of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. (hardy-orange) in a field survey. Therefore, we tested whether 81 accessions of P. trifoliata and x Citroncirus spp. (hybrids of P. trifoliata and Citrus spp.) from the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates were resistant to ACP by determining whether these accessions influence oviposition and lifespan of adults in no-choice tests. There was a higher abundance of eggs on the control (Citrus macrophylla Wester [alemow]) than nearly all accessions of P. trifoliata, and zero eggs were laid on 36% of the accessions. Additionally, more eggs were laid on the control than 10 of 34 accessions of xCitroncirus spp. Lifespan of adults was approximately 2.5 to 5 times longer on 11 of the 17 trifoliates and trifoliate hybrids we tested. Poncirus trifoliata appears to have antixenosis and antibiosis resistance to ACP, but we must next identify the traits that promote resistance to create commercial varieties of citrus that reduce the population of ACP and lower the incidence of citrus greening disease. C1 [Richardson, Matthew L.; Hall, David G.] ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM David.Hall@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation FX We thank M. Watson and J. Malicoate for assistance in the laboratory, two anonymous reviewers for improving the content of this manuscript, and the Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation for financial support. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 53 IS 1 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0091 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099LU UT WOS:000315623700019 ER PT J AU Chandler, K Lipka, AE Owens, BF Li, HH Buckler, ES Rocheford, T Gore, MA AF Chandler, Kristin Lipka, Alexander E. Owens, Brenda F. Li, Huihui Buckler, Edward S. Rocheford, Torbert Gore, Michael A. TI Genetic Analysis of Visually Scored Orange Kernel Color in Maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASSOCIATION MAPPING POPULATION; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; CAROTENOID CONTENT; ENDOSPERM COLOR; FLOWERING TIME AB Increasing levels of provitamin A carotenoids in maize (Zea mays L.) grain through plant breeding has potential to help humans suffering from vitamin A deficiency. In parts of Africa where this deficiency is prevalent, there is a consumer preference for white maize grain and an avoidance of yellow maize grain. White grain has minimal levels of carotenoids whereas yellow grain can have appreciable levels of carotenoids. There is a new effort to introduce orange maize that contains high levels of provitamin A, which appears to be a more acceptable color than yellow to consumers in Africa. The implementation of this program requires backcross selection to convert African-adapted germplasm with white grain to orange. We conducted a study to assess the heritability of visual scores for relative intensity of orange kernel color and identify genetic markers associated with orange color across and within 10 families of the maize nested association mapping population. We found visually scored kernel color to have a moderately high heritability and identified five common quantitative trait loci (QTL) and six rare QTL for intensity of orange color. Notably, half of them coincided with carotenoid biosynthetic genes. Our results indicate that breeders in Africa, Asia, and throughout the world would have flexibility to select for orange kernel color visually and/or with gene-specific markers. Such selection can be combined with marker-assisted selection efforts to increase provitamin A levels in maize grain. C1 [Chandler, Kristin; Owens, Brenda F.; Rocheford, Torbert] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lipka, Alexander E.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. [Li, Huihui] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Inst Genom Divers, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gore, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Rocheford, T (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Torbert@purdue.edu; Michael.Gore@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI-0321467, DBI-0820619, DBI-0922493]; Pioneer Hi-Bred Graduate Research Assistantship; HarvestPlus CGIAR Grand Challenge Program; USDA-ARS FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) DBI-0321467 (E. S. B.), DBI-0820619 (E. S. B.), DBI-0922493 (E. S. B. and T. R.), Pioneer Hi-Bred Graduate Research Assistantship (K. C.), HarvestPlus CGIAR Grand Challenge Program (T. R.), and USDA-ARS (M. A. G. and E. S. B.). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. We especially thank Dean DellaPenna for valuable insights on the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in maize. Also, we wish to thank Cathy Kandianis for critical evaluation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 22 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 53 IS 1 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0129 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099LU UT WOS:000315623700020 ER PT J AU Baxter, IR Gustin, JL Settles, AM Hoekenga, OA AF Baxter, Ivan R. Gustin, Jeffery L. Settles, A. Mark Hoekenga, Owen A. TI Ionomic Characterization of Maize Kernels in the Intermated B73 x Mo17 Population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS; MICRONUTRIENT CONTENT; NATURAL VARIATION; FLOWERING TIME; RICE GRAIN; LINES; QTL; IDENTIFICATION AB Dietary mineral deficiencies affect nearly half of the people on our planet, largely due to poverty. Enhancing nutritional quality-or biofortification-represents an efficient and sustainable potential solution to this massive public health problem. To create biofortified crops, one must understand the genetic and environmental factors that influence the ionome, or collection of mineral nutrients, in the target organism and tissue. We describe the use of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to characterize the maize (Zea mays L.) grain ionome illustrated by the intermated B73 x Mo17 (IBM) recombinant inbred population. Ionomic profiling was applied to field grown materials from Florida, North Carolina, and New York. Twenty-seven QTL were detected for 10 traits derived from the North Carolina and New York grown maize explaining between 4 and 46% of the variance observed. For biofortification to succeed, QTL effective in multiple environments need to be the targets for improvement efforts. Florida grown maize were sampled shallowly to provide a low cost dataset to evaluate the models based on the combined North Carolina and New York traits. Twenty-five QTL were detected as significant in two or more locations using ANOVA on the original single location and/or site data; 12 QTL were found to be significant in Florida. While this strategy may have not detected every potential QTL from our data, we suggest these QTL effective in multiple environments represent a starting position for the biofortification of maize grain. C1 [Baxter, Ivan R.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. [Gustin, Jeffery L.; Settles, A. Mark] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hoekenga, Owen A.] ARS, USDA, Robert Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Baxter, IR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, 975 North Warson Rd, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM Ivan.Baxter@ars.usda.gov; Owen.Hoekenga@ars.usda.gov RI Baxter, Ivan/A-1052-2009 OI Baxter, Ivan/0000-0001-6680-1722 FU USDA NRICGP [02-35100-12058]; NSF IOS [0419435]; USDA ARS FX The authors would like to recognize the assistance of Zhifang Cheng, Aimee Clark, Eric Craft, Katherine Dunham, Victoria Hodgkinson, Brent Lahner, Leon Kochian, David Salt, Michael Rutzke, Lucas Thornblade, and Paige Zaitlin. The authors would like to recognize the staff of Cornell University's Musgrave Research Farm (Poplar Ridge, NY), the University of Florida's Plant Science Research and Education Center (Citra, FL), and North Carolina State University's Central Crops Research Center (Clayton, NC). This work was partially supported by USDA NRICGP #02-35100-12058 to OAH, NSF IOS-#0419435 to OAH, and USDA ARS base funds to OAH and LVK. The U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Person with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S. W., Washington, DC. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 26 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 53 IS 1 BP 208 EP 220 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0135 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099LU UT WOS:000315623700022 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Beckendorf, EA Catangui, MA AF Riedell, Walter E. Beckendorf, Eric A. Catangui, Michael A. TI Soybean Aphid Injury Effects on Shoot Nitrogen Components in Glycine max SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NITRATE REDUCTASE; HIGHER-PLANTS; ROOT-NODULES; N-2 FIXATION; YIELD LOSS; UREIDE; METABOLISM; TRANSPORT; GREENHOUSE; ACCUMULATION AB Knowledge of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) effects on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] shoot N components may improve understanding of how plants are injured by this invasive pest. This 2-yr field study was conducted to measure soybean aphid effects (initial infestation of 0, 10, 50, or 100 aphids plant(-1) at the fifth node [V5] stage) on cumulative aphid-days as well as resulting soybean aphid populations plant(-1), shoot dry weight (DW), nitrate N, and ureide N measured at full bloom (R2), beginning pod (R4), full pod (R5), and beginning seed (R6). Cumulative aphid-days, which quantifies both the number of aphids present on plants and the duration of their feeding time, were similar across initial aphid infestation treatments. Compared with control plants, aphid feeding injury reduced shoot DW by about 40% and increased shoot nitrate N concentrations by about 45% across all initial infestation rates tested. Shoot nitrate N accumulation was increased about 20% by the 10 aphids plant(-1) treatment. In contrast, shoot ureide N concentrations in aphid-injured plants were similar to levels observed for uninjured plants. This lack of a concentration effect resulted in about a 36% decrease in ureide N accumulation in aphid-injured plants. These differential responses may result because nitrate N can be absorbed directly from the soil solution while ureide N biosynthesis has a higher energy requirement that cannot be met under severe aphid infestations. C1 [Riedell, Walter E.; Beckendorf, Eric A.] ARS, USDA, North Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, North Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM walter.riedell@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 53 IS 1 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.05.0286 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099LU UT WOS:000315623700024 ER PT J AU Kimball, JA Zuleta, MC Kenworthy, KE Lehman, VG Harris-Shultz, KR Milla-Lewis, S AF Kimball, Jennifer A. Zuleta, M. Carolina Kenworthy, Kevin E. Lehman, Virginia G. Harris-Shultz, Karen R. Milla-Lewis, Susana TI Genetic Relationships in Zoysia Species and the Identification of Putative Interspecific Hybrids Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Inflorescence Traits SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; LINKAGE MAP; NUCLEAR-DNA; INFERENCE; CONSTRUCTION; CHLOROPLAST; TURFGRASSES; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; BOOTSTRAP AB Zoysia Willd. are warm-season turfgrasses used throughout the southern United States and upward into the transition zone for their superior heat and drought tolerances and their relatively low input requirements. Understanding the population structure present within Zoysia germplasm can assist plant breeders in exploiting available variation. The objectives of this study were to assess simple sequence repeat (SSR) allelic diversity within and among Zoysia spp., evaluate the genetic constitution of putative interspecific hybrids, and determine if Zoysia spp. and hybrids can be differentiated by inflorescence traits. Sixty-two Zoysia accessions selected as a subset of genotypically and phenotypically diverse genotypes were evaluated with 50 SSR markers and six inflorescence traits. Both an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) phylogram and principal coordinate analysis (PCO) analysis revealed a continuum of genetic variation present within and among the species. The model-based program STRUCTURE revealed two distinct subpopulations within Z. japonica Steud. as well as a distinct Z. matrella (L.) Merr. subpopulation. Based on SSR analysis, 23 Zoysia accessions evaluated had evidence of admixture. Six inflorescence phenotypes also revealed a continuous range of variation. This study was able to verify the presence of hybrids between Z. japonica and Z. matrella and provided further evidence for the hypothesis that Zoysia spp. are subpopulations or ecotypes within one species and not separate species. C1 [Kimball, Jennifer A.; Zuleta, M. Carolina; Milla-Lewis, Susana] NC State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kenworthy, Kevin E.] Univ Florida, Agron Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lehman, Virginia G.] Blue Moon Farms, Lebanon, OR 97355 USA. [Harris-Shultz, Karen R.] ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Milla-Lewis, S (reprint author), NC State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM susana_milla-lewis@ncsu.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 53 IS 1 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.04.0218 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099LU UT WOS:000315623700029 ER PT J AU Madrid, E Chen, W Rajesh, PN Castro, P Millan, T Gil, J AF Madrid, E. Chen, W. Rajesh, P. N. Castro, P. Millan, T. Gil, J. TI Allele-specific amplification for the detection of ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Chickpea; Ascochyta blight; Allele-specific associated primers; Marker assisted selection ID CICER-ARIETINUM L.; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; CROSS; QTLS; MAP AB A new co-dominant molecular marker, CaETR, was developed based on allelic sequence length polymorphism in an ethylene receptor-like gene located in the genomic region of a QTL (QTL(AR1)) conferring ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea. This marker not only discriminated resistance and susceptible phenotypes of chickpea to ascochyta blight, but also easily detected heterozygous genotypes. Using the CaETR marker in combination with a previously developed co-dominant SCAR marker (SCY17(590)) linked to another QTL (QTL(AR2)) it was possible to detect resistance alleles in 90 % of resistant accessions in a collection of landraces, advances breeding lines and cultivars, and also detected susceptible alleles in all cases. The results of this study offer a scope for improving the efficiency of conventional chickpea breeding by carrying out negative selection for QTL(AR1) and QTL(AR2) in early generations without relaying directly on the phenotype. This PCR-based approach using both co-dominant markers is proposed as an efficient tool for selecting blight-resistant genotypes in breeding programs. C1 [Madrid, E.; Millan, T.; Gil, J.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Genet, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Chen, W.; Rajesh, P. N.] Washington State Univ, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rajesh, P. N.] Dow AgroSci, Trait Genet & Technol, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Castro, P.] IFAPA Ctr Alameda del Obispo, Area Mejora & Biotecnol, Cordoba 14080, Spain. RP Madrid, E (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Genet, Campus Rabanales,Edif C5, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. EM b62mahee@uco.es RI Millan, Teresa/L-1362-2014; Madrid, Eva/L-4910-2014; Gil, Juan/L-7167-2014; Castro, Patricia/A-9137-2015 OI Millan, Teresa/0000-0003-1302-1794; Madrid, Eva/0000-0001-8257-9156; Gil, Juan/0000-0001-7938-442X; Castro, Patricia/0000-0002-2598-9260 FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) [RTA2010-00059, AGL2005-07497-CO2-01/AGR.2003]; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) FX This research was partly developed at the University of Cordoba and Instituto de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria y Pesca (IFAPA) Cordoba, Spain, belonging to the Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), and was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN; projects RTA2010-00059 and AGL2005-07497-CO2-01/AGR.2003), co-financed by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JAN PY 2013 VL 189 IS 2 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s10681-012-0753-6 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 052IM UT WOS:000312191200003 ER PT J AU King, KE Lauter, N Lin, SF Scott, MP Shoemaker, RC AF King, Keith E. Lauter, Nick Lin, Shun Fu Scott, M. Paul Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Evaluation and QTL mapping of phosphorus concentration in soybean seed SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; Phytate; QTL; Seed ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PHYTIC ACID; GLYCINE-MAX; PHOSPHATE-TRANSPORT; LOW-PHYTATE; IRON; ZINC; POPULATION; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN AB Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient required for many biological and metabolic plant functions. Phosphate is the form of P used by plants. Reducing the amount of P in the seed can further aide breeding efforts to reduce the amount of P released into the environment due to the indigestibility of the complexes formed with metal ions. Analysis of the variation of phosphorus concentration in soybean seed under non-stressed conditions revealed that phosphorus ranged from 3,948.1 to 5,695.8 mu g/g total phosphorous (TP) in combined years. The averages for independent years were significantly different from one another. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of TP was performed to identify candidate gene(s) that is (are) involved in P accumulation in soybean seed. One putative QTL region was identified on chromosome 12 in the combined data that contained a phosphate transporter gene. Two additional suggestive QTL were identified on chromosomes 7 and 17 with chromosome 7 having both a phosphate transport gene and a ZIP transporter gene in the region of the QTL. There were additional genes in these regions that are involved in phosphate metabolism and transport. C1 [Lauter, Nick; Scott, M. Paul; Shoemaker, Randy C.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [King, Keith E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. [Lin, Shun Fu] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Agron, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM randy.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov OI Lin, Shun-Fu/0000-0002-4358-5024 FU USDA-ARS; Iowa State University FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the USDA-ARS and Iowa State University. Names are necessary to report factually on the available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. Additionally, The authors thank Jonathan Hobbs of the Iowa State University Agriculture Experiment Station Consulting Group for assistance with data imputation. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JAN PY 2013 VL 189 IS 2 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s10681-012-0797-7 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 052IM UT WOS:000312191200010 ER PT J AU Kebede, H Smith, JR Ray, JD AF Kebede, Hirut Smith, James R. Ray, Jeffery D. TI A new gene that controls seed coat wrinkling in soybean SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Early Soybean Production System (ESPS); Germinability; High temperature; Seed coat wrinkling; Seed quality; Soybean; SSR ID TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; GERMINABILITY; IRRIGATION; INHERITANCE; CHARACTER; VIGOR AB Seed coat wrinkling is a major factor affecting the germinability of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed produced in high-temperature environments, such as in the Early Soybean Production System of the midsouthern United States. Exposure of seed to high temperatures, coupled with alternating periods of wet and dry conditions, promotes seed coat wrinkling. This can predispose the seed to mechanical damage at harvest, further reducing germinability, and reducing the usability of the grain for seed beans. Previous studies identified a single recessive gene (shr) in a mutant line (T-311), located on chromosome 13 (linkage group F), which causes seed shriveling and seed coat wrinkling. The current study was undertaken to identify and genetically map new gene(s) that affect seed coat wrinkling. Crosses were made between a smooth-seeded accession (PI 567743) and a wrinkled-seeded accession (PI 87623). The parents, F-1, F-2, and BC1 generations were phenotyped for seed coat wrinkling in a greenhouse in Stoneville, MS during the summer of 2006. Genetic analysis indicated that the wrinkled seed coat trait in PI 87623 was inherited as a single recessive gene. A test for allelism, conducted in the greenhouse with a segregating F-2 population derived from T-311 x PI 87623, showed that the gene from PI 87623 is different from the shr gene in T-311. A field study of a larger population, derived from a reciprocal cross of the same parents, confirmed these results, but also suggested epistatic interactions between the genes. A linkage map was developed using 195 SSR and SNP markers on 168 F-2 individuals of the cross PI 567743 x PI 87623. Linkage analysis identified only one significant locus which was located on chromosome 5 (linkage group A1), confirming identification of a new gene that controls seed coat wrinkling in soybean. This study demonstrates genetic control of seed coat wrinkling, which offers the potential for selecting cultivars with less seed coat wrinkling for heat-stressed production environments. C1 [Kebede, Hirut; Smith, James R.; Ray, Jeffery D.] USDA ARS CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS CGRU, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rusty.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JAN PY 2013 VL 189 IS 2 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s10681-012-0818-6 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 052IM UT WOS:000312191200014 ER PT J AU Khullar, E Dien, BS Rausch, KD Tumbleson, ME Singh, V AF Khullar, Esha Dien, Bruce S. Rausch, Kent D. Tumbleson, M. E. Singh, Vijay TI Effect of particle size on enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Miscanthus SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Particle size reduction; Biomass; Conversion ID LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; CORN STOVER; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; LIME PRETREATMENT; AFEX PRETREATMENT; FUEL ETHANOL; X-GIGANTEUS; CELLULOSE; ENHANCE AB Particle size reduction is a crucial factor in transportation logistics as well as cellulosic conversion. The effect of particle size on enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Miscanthus x giganteus was determined. Miscanthus was ground using a hammer mill equipped with screens having 0.08,2.0 or 6.0 mm sieve openings. Particle size distribution and geometric mean diameters were determined for all samples. Ground samples were subjected to hot water, dilute acid or dilute ammonium hydroxide pretreatment. Enzyme hydrolysis was conducted on washed pretreated solids; sugar generation was used as a measure for pretreatment efficiency. Glucose and xylose concentrations were monitored using HPLC. Glucose and xylose profiles were generated and hydrolysis rates estimated. Glucose, xylose and total conversion yields were determined by comparing final sugar concentrations obtained to amounts present in pretreated biomass. Geometric mean diameters were the smallest from 0.08 mm sieve screen (56 mu m) followed by 2.0 mm (301 mu m) and 6.0 mm (695 mu m) screens. An increasing trend in percent total conversion was observed with decreasing mean particle size. Across all pretreatments, biomass ground using 0.08 mm screens resulted in highest total conversion. Enzyme hydrolysis of unpretreated biomass samples also resulted in increased total conversions as particle size decreased, although mean conversions (10-20%) were much lower than for pretreated biomass samples (53-94%), indicating the need for chemical pretreatments in biomass conversion. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Khullar, Esha; Rausch, Kent D.; Tumbleson, M. E.; Singh, Vijay] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dien, Bruce S.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@illinois.edu OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 44 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.015 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099XO UT WOS:000315659400002 ER PT J AU Andrzejewski, B Eggleston, G Lingle, S Powell, R AF Andrzejewski, Brett Eggleston, Gillian Lingle, Sarah Powell, Randall TI Development of a sweet sorghum juice clarification method in the manufacture of industrial feedstocks for value-added fermentation products SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Sweet sorghum; Juice clarification; Coagulation; Flocculation; Syrup feedstocks; Bioproducts ID PLANTING DATE; RAW SUGAR; YEAST; ETHANOL; MATURITY AB In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in interest of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L Moench) for small to large-scale manufacture of renewable, biobased fuels and chemicals. New fermentation organisms hold tremendous potential for the production of biobased fuels, chemicals, and materials from industrial sugar feedstocks, in particular syrups. Clarification of sweet sorghum juice will be critical to the production of stable, intermediate syrup feedstocks for efficient transport, storage, and year-round supply. Juices extracted from mature sweet sorghum hybrids and immature cultivar Topper 76-6 (Topper), were clarified using heat, heat-milk of lime, and heat-milk of lime-polyanionic flocculant at various temperatures and target limed pHs, and compared to the clarification of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) juice. There was no significant loss of fermentable sugars (sucrose + glucose + fructose) across clarification by temperature and only a slight decrease in fermentable sugars when clarified by pH. Preheating the sweet sorghum juice from 85 to 100 degrees C not only produced clarified juices of low turbidity, but also with excellent turbidity control. For the cultivars studied, a minimum limed juice pH of similar to 6.3-6.5 was optimum for the clarification of sweet sorghum juice preheated to similar to 80-85 degrees C with 5 ppm polyanionic flocculant addition with respect to clarified juice turbidity, protein, calcium, starch, and to a lesser extent phosphate levels. There was a strong effect of cultivar on juice quality, clarification performance, and clarified juice quality, which warrants further research. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Andrzejewski, Brett; Eggleston, Gillian; Lingle, Sarah] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Powell, Randall] BioDimens Delta Biorenewables LLC, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. RP Andrzejewski, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM brett.andrzejewski@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 44 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.028 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099XO UT WOS:000315659400013 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Joshee, N Mahapatra, AK Selling, GW Finkenstadt, VL AF Tisserat, Brent Joshee, Nirmal Mahapatra, Ajit K. Selling, Gordon W. Finkenstadt, Victoria L. TI Physical and mechanical properties of extruded poly(lactic acid)-based Paulownia elongata biocomposites SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Scanning electron microscopy; PLA; Hardwood; Particle size; Wood fillers; Mechanical properties; Colorimetery; Differential scanning calorimetry ID WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES; FILLERS; COLOR; ACID); PLA AB Paulownia wood flour (PWF), a byproduct of milling lumber, was tested as bio-filler with polylactic acid (PLA). Paulownia wood (PW) shavings were milled and separated into particle fractions and then blended with PLA with a single screw extruder. Mechanical and thermal properties were tested. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that PLA-PW blends containing smaller particle sizes had lower glass transition and melting temperatures compared to blends containing larger particle sizes. Biocomposites composed of smaller particles exhibited tensile strength values similar to neat PLA but had Young's modulus values that were 25% higher than neat PLA. However, elongation values decreased in all PLA-PW blends compared to neat PLA. Microscopic examination of the biocomposites revealed distinct differences in their morphologies. PLA-PWF blends exhibited color changes based on the size of the wood particles employed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tisserat, Brent; Selling, Gordon W.; Finkenstadt, Victoria L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Joshee, Nirmal; Mahapatra, Ajit K.] Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Brent.Tisserat@ars.usda.gov FU Evans Allen grant [GEOX 5213] FX The authors acknowledge Kathy Hornbeck and Paulette Smith for technical assistance. This research has been supported partly by Evans Allen grant (GEOX 5213) to NJ at FVSU, GA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 44 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.030 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099XO UT WOS:000315659400014 ER PT J AU Donega, MA Mello, SC Moraes, RM Cantrell, CL AF Donega, Mateus A. Mello, Simone C. Moraes, Rita M. Cantrell, Charles L. TI Nutrient uptake, biomass yield and quantitative analysis of aliphatic aldehydes in cilantro plants SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Cilantro; Coriandrum sativum; Nutrient uptake; Quantitative analysis ID CORIANDER CORIANDRUM-SATIVUM; ESSENTIAL OIL; ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS; LEAVES; L.; GROWTH; IMPACT AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient uptake, biomass production and yield of the major compounds in the essential oil of five genotypes of Coriandrum sativum L The treatments were composed for four accessions provided by the National Genetic Resources Advisory Council (NGRAC), U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) germplasm: ("AMES 18596"; "PI 171592"; "AMES 4998" and "P1193770") and one commercially available cultivar, (Santo). Plants were harvested 50 days after sowing and evaluated for nutrient uptake, the number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoot per plant and yield of major compounds in the essential oil. Accessions AMES 18596 and PI 171592 presented the following order of accumulation of macronutrients: K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S. For the accessions AMES 4998, PI 193770 and the cultivar Santo, the order K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S was observed. Micronutrients accumulation in cilantro shoot in descending order for all genotypes was: Fe > Zn > B > Mn > Cu. The highest number of leaves per plant was found in the accession AMES 18596 (9.94), while the others produced on average 7.24. Accessions AMES 18596 and PI 193770 produced 7.34g plant(-1) of fresh weight of shoots. Accession PI 171592 produced slightly higher yields (6.23 g plant(-1)) than the cultivar Santo and AMES 4998 (4.75 g plant(-1)). For dry weight of shoots, accessions AMES 18596 and PI 193770 produced the highest yields (0.58 g plant(-1)), followed by PI 171592 (0.47 g plant(-1)) and the accession AMES 4998 and the cultivar Santo that had on average 0.35 g plant(-1). The yield of the major compounds in the essential oil was higher for accessions AMES 18596 and PI 193770 (88.84 mu g plant(-1)) following by AMES 4998 and Santo (38.95 mu g plant(-1)) and PI 171592 (23.31 mu g plant(-1)). On average the yield of aliphatic aldehydes in fresh weight followed the order: trans-2-dodecenal > decanal > trans-2-decenal > tetradecenal > dodecanal > tetradecanal. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Donega, Mateus A.; Mello, Simone C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Dept Prod Vegetal, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Moraes, Rita M.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Moraes, Rita M.] Univ Mississippi, Ctr Water & Wetland Resources, Abbeville, MS 38601 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Cantrell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM charles.cantrell@ars.usda.gov OI Donega, Mateus Augusto/0000-0002-7596-9663 FU CAPES; CNPq; USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-6408-7-012] FX Authors thank Amber Reichley and Solomon Green III for their help in the field and laboratory. Thanks go to CAPES and CNPq, for a Doctor's Degree scholarship granted to the first author. Thanks to GRIN/NGRAC/USDA-ARS for providing the Coriandrum sativum L. seeds. The authors also thank the USDA, Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6408-7-012 for the research support. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 44 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.11.004 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099XO UT WOS:000315659400019 ER PT J AU Cermak, SC Biresaw, G Isbell, TA Evangelista, RL Vaughn, SF Murray, R AF Cermak, Steven C. Biresaw, Girma Isbell, Terry A. Evangelista, Roque L. Vaughn, Steven F. Murray, Rex TI New crop oils-Properties as potential lubricants SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Biodegradable oils; Commodity; Lubrication; New crop oils; Physical properties; Vegetable oils; Wear ID OXIDATIVE STABILITY INDEX; LESQUERELLA-FENDLERI SEED; VEGETABLE-OILS; FATTY-ACIDS; EXTRACTION; ESTOLIDES; BIODIESEL; ESTERS; MEAL AB New crop oils such as lesquerella (Lesquerella fendleri), field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L), meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L), and cuphea PSR-23 (Cuphea viscosissima x Cuphea lanceolata) were investigated and compared to common commodity vegetable oils for their fatty acid (FA) profiles, low temperature, lubricating (viscosity and wear), and oxidative stability properties. The new crop oils were compared as crude, refined, bleached, and deodorized - RBD, and purified (removal of fatty acids, FAs). Additionally, the physical properties of the new crop oils were compared to commercial vegetable oils, as well as to petroleum and synthetic motor oils. Pennycress and lesquerella had some of the best pour pints (PP, ASTM D 9796) among the new crop oils, -21 and -24 degrees C respectively, while castor from the commercial side had a PP of -30 degrees C. All the plant based oils, except castor and lesquerella, had excellent viscosity index (VI, ASTM D 2270-93) in the range of 167-231. New crop oils with an antioxidant additive (1-3%) were as oxidatively stable as current commercial petroleum products based on the rotating pressurized vessel oxidation test (RPVOT, ASTM D 2272-98) and gave times >200 min. Wear scar diameters (WSD, ASTM D 4172-94) of the vegetable-based oils from the 4-ball anti-wear test showed best results for cuphea and pennycress with WSD of 0.530 and 0.594 mm, respectively. In general, the new crop oils were found to have specific unique advantages over traditional commodity vegetable oils. Additionally, new crop oils compared favorably to both petroleum and synthetic commercial standards. Spider plots were used to compare the new crop oils on a defined visual and goodness scale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cermak, Steven C.; Biresaw, Girma; Isbell, Terry A.; Evangelista, Roque L.; Vaughn, Steven F.; Murray, Rex] USDA ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cermak, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM steven.cermak@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 44 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.035 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099XO UT WOS:000315659400034 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Yoshida, T Cotta, MA Sonomoto, K AF Saha, Badal C. Yoshida, Tsuyoshi Cotta, Michael A. Sonomoto, Kenji TI Hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of corn stover for efficient ethanol production SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Ethanol; Corn stover; Hydrothermal pretreatment; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Recombinant ethanologenic Escherichia coli; Mixed sugar fermentation ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE 424A(LNH-ST); LIQUID HOT-WATER; LIME PRETREATMENT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WHEAT-STRAW; L-ARABINOSE; RICE HULLS; FERMENTATION; HYDROLYSIS; XYLOSE AB Corn stover used in this study contained 37.0 +/- 0.4% cellulose, 31.3 +/- 0.6% hemicellulose and 17.8 +/- 0.2% lignin on dry basis. Hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification were evaluated for conversion of corn stover cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars. Under the optimum conditions of hydrothermal pretreatment of corn stover (10%, w/v; 200 degrees C; 5 min) and enzymatic saccharification (45 degrees C, pH 5.0, 72 h), a total of 550 +/- 5 mg of fermentable sugars was obtained per g corn stover which is equivalent to 72% of theoretical sugar yield. The corn stover hydrolyzate was fermented without any detoxification by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR 5 at pH 6.5 and 37 degrees C for 74h to produce 20.9 +/- 0.5 g ethanol from 42.8 +/- 1.7 g sugars per L with a yield of 0.49 g ethanol per g available sugars and 0.27 g ethanol per g corn stover which is equivalent to 68.7% of theoretical ethanol yield from corn stover. This is the first report on the production of ethanol from hydrothermally pretreated corn stover by the recombinant bacterium. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Saha, Badal C.; Yoshida, Tsuyoshi; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Yoshida, Tsuyoshi; Sonomoto, Kenji] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch, Fac Agr, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol,Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Sonomoto, Kenji] Kyushu Univ, Bioarchitecture Ctr, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815N,Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Badal.Saha@ars.usda.gov RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 30 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 7 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 44 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.11.025 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099XO UT WOS:000315659400053 ER PT J AU Gesch, RW Archer, DW AF Gesch, R. W. Archer, D. W. TI Double-cropping with winter camelina in the northern Corn Belt to produce fuel and food SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Camelina; Double-cropping; Biofuel; Oil yield; Food versus fuel ID PLANTING DATE; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; OIL COMPOSITION; SMALL GRAINS; COVER CROPS; SOWING DATE; SEED OIL; QUALITY; YIELD; WHEAT AB Camelina (Camelina sativa L) can be used as oilseed feedstock for biofuels. Recently, it was shown that fall-seeded winter camelina can be successfully grown in the upper Midwest USA and may be harvested early enough in the following summer to allow producing a second crop. Double-cropping may offer a profitable means of producing a dedicated biofuel crop without jeopardizing food security. To our knowledge no published information exists on exploring double-cropping with winter camelina. Therefore, a 2-yr field study was conducted between 2007 and 2009 in west central Minnesota to evaluate the agronomic and economic viability of producing short-season cultivars of soybean [Glycine max (L) Mem], oilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), and forage millet (Setaria italica L.) after winter camelina in conventionally tilled and no-tilled soil. In most instances, yields of camelina and the second crop in the double-crop sequence differed between years but not by tillage practice. Averaged over both years, total oil yields for the camelina-soybean and camelina-sunflower sequences were 704 and 1508 L ha(-1). Compared to conventionally produced mono-crops, on average, double-crop soybean and sunflower yielded 82% and 72% of their mono-cropped counterparts, respectively. As expected, double-crop production costs were greater than for conventional mono-crops. However, in 2009 if camelina prices were similar to canola, net returns for double-crop camelina and soybean were $172-352 ha(-1) higher than for soybean alone, with highest double-crop net returns for conventional tillage. Furthermore, double-crop soybean seed protein content was little affected by late seeding, while double-crop sunflower oil content averaged over both years was about 13% lower than conventional sunflower sown at an optimum time. A winter camelina-food or -forage crop double-cropping system may be viable for the upper Midwest USA. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gesch, R. W.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Archer, D. W.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Gesch, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM russ.gesch@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 44 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.05.023 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 099XO UT WOS:000315659400100 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Zhong, JY Cheng, HN AF He, Zhongqi Zhong, Junyan Cheng, H. N. TI Conformational change of metal phytates: Solid state 1D C-13 and 2D H-1-C-13 NMR spectroscopic investigations SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Inositol phosphate; phytate; NMR; CPMAS; HETCOR; conformational change ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHYTIC ACID; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; P-31 NMR; SOILS; IONS; PH AB Phytate is an important phosphorus and mineral storage compound in plant seeds. Both the benign and adverse effects of phytate in nutrition and environment are mainly due to its unique conformational structures, where a strong chelating ability makes phytate interact with many cations (such as Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Al3+). However, information is scant on the conformational forms of different solid metal phytate compounds although phytate in solution exists in two conformations: one axial and five equatorial phosphates (1a/5e) structure and an inverted 5a/1e structure. Consequently, we investigated the spectral features of nine representative metal phytate compounds by solid state 1D C-13 cross polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) and 2D C-13-H-1 heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) NMR. A broad peak appeared in all solid 1D NMR spectra of hydrogen monovalent, divalent, and trivalent metal phytate compounds. The spectra of hydrogen monovalent and divalent compounds could be deconvoluted to two separate resonance peaks. 2D HETCOR clearly showed distinct C-13-H-1 correlations for inositol C-H moieties in hydrogen metal phytates from non-hydrogen metal phytates. Through spectral comparison, this work demonstrated that different valent cations in solid phytate compounds could induce conformational changes of the inositol ring as pH does on the phytate in solution. Therefore, the current knowledge on the effect of pH on phytate conformation can be helpful in understanding the conformational changes of phytate when it interacts with different valent metals to form less soluble even insoluble compounds in the environment. C1 [He, Zhongqi; Cheng, H. N.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Zhong, Junyan] Old Dominion Univ, Coll Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PY 2013 VL 11 IS 1 BP 965 EP 970 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 105FY UT WOS:000316052900001 ER PT J AU Qing, Y Wu, YQ Cai, ZY Li, XJ AF Qing, Yan Wu, Yiqiang Cai, Zhiyong Li, Xianjun TI Water-Triggered Dimensional Swelling of Cellulose Nanofibril Films: Instant Observation Using Optical Microscope SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE; HIGH TOUGHNESS; MODEL FILMS; COMPOSITE; WOOD AB To understand the swelling behavior of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films, the dimensional variation of untreated and phenol formaldehyde modified CNF (CNF/PF) films soaked in distilled water was examined in situ with microscopic image recording combined with pixel calculation. Results showed that a dramatic thickness increase exhibited in both CNF and CNF/PF films, despite being at different swelling levels. Compared to thickness swelling, however, the width expansion for these films is negligible. Such significant difference in dimensional swelling for CNF and PF modified films is mainly caused by nanofibril deposition and their mesostructure. However, addition of PF modifier has a positive effect on the constraint of water absorption and thickness swelling, which is strongly dependent on PF loadings. C1 [Qing, Yan; Wu, Yiqiang; Li, Xianjun] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Qing, Yan; Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Wu, YQ (reprint author), Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China. EM wuyiqiang@csuft.edu.cn; zcai@fs.fed.us FU National "948" Project of China [2009-4-51] FX This work was partly financially supported by the National "948" Project of China (2009-4-51). The authors would like to acknowledge Ronald Sabo and Craig Clemons, of the Forest Products Laboratory, for their kind help in microscopy observation and Neil Gribbins for his editing and technical assistance. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2013 AR 594734 DI 10.1155/2013/594734 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 102YY UT WOS:000315882000001 ER PT J AU Breitenbach, JE El-Sheikh, EA Harrison, RL Rowley, DL Sparks, ME Gundersen-Rindal, DE Popham, HJR AF Breitenbach, Jonathan E. El-Sheikh, El-Sayed A. Harrison, Robert L. Rowley, Daniel L. Sparks, Michael E. Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E. Popham, Holly J. R. TI Determination and analysis of the genome sequence of Spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera littoralis; Baculovirus; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; SeMNPV; SpltMNPV; SfMNPV ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; CYDIA-POMONELLA GRANULOVIRUS; SINGLE NUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HOST-RANGE; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; MAMESTRA-CONFIGURATA; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY AB The Spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV), a pathogen of the Egyptian cotton leaf worm S. littoralis, was subjected to sequencing of its entire DNA genome and bioassay analysis comparing its virulence to that of other baculoviruses. The annotated SpliMNPV genome of 137,998 bp was found to harbor 132 open reading frames and 15 homologous repeat regions. Four unique genes not present in SpltMNPV were identified, as were 14 genes that were absent or translocated by comparison. Bioassay analysis of experimentally infected Spodoptera frugiperda revealed an extended killing time for SpliMNPV as compared to S. frugiperda MNPV (SfMNPV), but a level of mortality similar to that caused by infection with SfMNPV and superior to that of Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV). Although extensive similarity was observed between the genome structure and predicted translation products of SpliMNPV and Spodoptera litura MNPV (SpltMNPV), genetic distances between isolates of SpliMNPV and SpltMNPV suggest that they are in fact different species of genus Alpha baculovirus. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Breitenbach, Jonathan E.; El-Sheikh, El-Sayed A.; Popham, Holly J. R.] Agr Res Serv, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. [Harrison, Robert L.; Rowley, Daniel L.; Sparks, Michael E.; Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E.] Agr Res Serv, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Popham, HJR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. EM Jonathan.Breitenbach@ars.usda.gov; eaelsheikh@zu.edu.eg; Robert.L.Harrison@ars.usda.gov; Daniel.Rowley@ars.usda.gov; Dawn.Gundersen-Rindal@ars.usda.gov; Holly.Popham@ars.usda.gov RI Harrison, Robert/I-4707-2014; OI Harrison, Robert/0000-0002-8348-3874 FU USDA FX Funding for El-Sayed El-Sheikh was provided by the USDA Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellowship Program in cooperation with the University of Missouri. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 99 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 171 IS 1 BP 194 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.11.016 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 099FQ UT WOS:000315607300023 PM 23219924 ER PT J AU Zdunic, G Preece, JE Aradhya, M Velasco, D Koehmstedt, A Dangl, GS AF Zdunic, G. Preece, J. E. Aradhya, M. Velasco, D. Koehmstedt, A. Dangl, G. S. TI Genetic diversity and differentiation within and between cultivated (Vitis vinifera L. ssp sativa) and wild (Vitis vinifera L. ssp sylvestris) grapes SO VITIS LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; genetic differentiation; domestication; microsatellite ID DNA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION AB Genetic characterization of 502 diverse grape accessions including 342 cultivated (V. vinifera ssp. sativa) and 160 wild (V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) grapes showed considerable genetic diversity among accessions. A total of 117 alleles were detected across eight SSR loci with the average of 14 alleles per locus. The genetic diversity of wild grapes was slightly lower than that observed in the cultivated grapes probably due to small populations and severe natural selection leading to drift and loss of alleles and heterozygosity in wild grapes. The distance cluster analysis (CA) supported the classical ecogeographic groups with moderate genetic differentiation among them. There was a greater affinity of Occidentalis grape to wild grape from the Caucasus than other groups. However, a number of low to moderate frequency alleles that are present in the cultivated grape are not represented in the wild grape. C1 [Zdunic, G.] Inst Adriat Crops & Karst Reclamat, Split 21000, Croatia. [Preece, J. E.; Aradhya, M.; Koehmstedt, A.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Velasco, D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dangl, G. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Fdn Plant Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zdunic, G (reprint author), Inst Adriat Crops & Karst Reclamat, Put Duilova 11, Split 21000, Croatia. EM gzdunic@krs.hr NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 21 PU JKI-INSTITUT REBENZUCHTUNG PI SIEBELDINGEN PA GEILWEILERHOF, D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANY SN 0042-7500 J9 VITIS JI Vitis PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 101EL UT WOS:000315757900005 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Kronberg, SL Hendrickson, JR Dong, X Gross, JR AF Liebig, M. A. Kronberg, S. L. Hendrickson, J. R. Dong, X. Gross, J. R. TI Carbon dioxide efflux from long-term grazing management systems in a semiarid region SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Drought; Grassland; Respiration ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL CO2 FLUX; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; ECOSYSTEM; RESPIRATION; CLIMATE; DIVERSITY; PRAIRIE AB Grazing management can affect grassland carbon (C) dynamics, yet limited information is available documenting management effects on carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux. A study was conducted to quantify the role of long-term grazing management to affect CO2 efflux within the semiarid northern Great Plains of North America. Grazing management systems evaluated in the study included two native vegetation pastures differing in stocking rate [moderately grazed pasture (MGP), heavily grazed pasture (HGP)] and a fertilized, grazed crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.ex.Link) Schult.] pasture (CWP) near Mandan, ND, USA. Carbon dioxide efflux was measured on 1-2 week intervals for three years using static chamber methodology. Supplemental assessments of soil temperature and water content, aboveground live biomass, root biomass, and soil microbial biomass C were conducted during each growing season. Carbon dioxide efflux did not differ between native vegetation pastures differing in stocking rate. However, mean hourly CO2 efflux was greater in CWP (100.1 mg C m(-2) h(-1)) than HGP (81.1 mg C m(-2) h(-1))(P=0.03), a result attributed to prevalence of cool-season grass and high available N in CWP. Carbon dioxide efflux differed among grazing treatments during spring (March-May) and fall (September-November), but not winter (December-February) and summer (June-August). Associations between CO2 efflux and abiotic factors were seasonally dependent, with positive associations between efflux and soil temperature during spring (r = 0.71, P <= 0.01) and fall (r = 0.45, P <= 0.01) and efflux and water-filled pore space (WFPS) during summer (r = 0.46, P <= 0.01). in this study, increased stocking rate did not contribute to elevated CO2 efflux within native vegetation pastures. Given strong weather-dependence on grassland productivity, long-term monitoring is necessary to confidently discern grazing management effects on C dynamics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liebig, M. A.; Kronberg, S. L.; Hendrickson, J. R.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Dong, X.] N Dakota State Univ, Cent Grasslands Res Extens Ctr, Streeter, ND 58483 USA. [Gross, J. R.] US Forest Serv, Silt, CO 81652 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM mark.liebig@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service GRACEnet Project FX The authors gratefully acknowledge David Brandt, Patrick Kilzer, Angela Renner, Gail Sage, and Becky Wald for their assistance with sample collection and laboratory analyses. We also thank Amitava Chatterjee, Rajan Ghimire, and Bruce Wylie for their helpful comments to improve earlier drafts of this manuscript. This publication is based on work supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service GRACEnet Project. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 164 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2012.09.015 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 097KM UT WOS:000315473000012 ER PT J AU Gilmanov, TG Wylie, BK Tieszen, LL Meyers, TP Baron, VS Bernacchi, CJ Billesbach, DP Burba, GG Fischer, ML Glenn, AJ Hanan, NP Hatfield, JL Heuer, MW Hollinger, SE Howard, DM Matamala, R Prueger, JH Tenuta, M Young, DG AF Gilmanov, Tagir G. Wylie, Bruce K. Tieszen, Larry L. Meyers, Tilden P. Baron, Vern S. Bernacchi, Carl J. Billesbach, David P. Burba, George G. Fischer, Marc L. Glenn, Aaron J. Hanan, Niall P. Hatfield, Jerry L. Heuer, Mark W. Hollinger, Steven E. Howard, Daniel M. Matamala, Roser Prueger, John H. Tenuta, Mario Young, David G. TI CO2 uptake and ecophysiological parameters of the grain crops of midcontinent North America: Estimates from flux tower measurements SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Net CO2 exchange partitioning; Gross photosynthesis; VPD limitation of photosynthesis; CO2 sink; Maize; Wheat ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; LIGHT-RESPONSE PARAMETERS; NO-TILL ECOSYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; USE EFFICIENCY; EDDY COVARIANCE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SURFACE-ENERGY AB We analyzed net CO2 exchange data from 13 flux tower sites with 27 site-years of measurements over maize and wheat fields across midcontinent North America. A numerically robust "light-soil temperature-VPD"-based method was used to partition the data into photosynthetic assimilation and ecosystem respiration components. Year-round ecosystem-scale ecophysiological parameters of apparent quantum yield, photosynthetic capacity, convexity of the light response, respiration rate parameters, ecological light-use efficiency, and the curvature of the VPD-response of photosynthesis for maize and wheat crops were numerically identified and interpolated/extrapolated. This allowed us to gap-fill CO2 exchange components and calculate annual totals and budgets. VPD-limitation of photosynthesis was systematically observed in grain crops of the region (occurring from 20 to 120 days during the growing season, depending on site and year), determined by the VPD regime and the numerical value of the curvature parameter of the photosynthesis-VPD-response, sigma(VPD). In 78% of the 27 site-years of observations, annual gross photosynthesis in these crops significantly exceeded ecosystem respiration, resulting in a net ecosystem production of up to 2100 g CO2 m(-2) year(-1). The measurement-based photosynthesis, respiration, and net ecosystem production data, as well as the estimates of the ecophysiological parameters, provide an empirical basis for parameterization and validation of mechanistic models of grain crop production in this economically and ecologically important region of North America. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gilmanov, Tagir G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.; Tieszen, Larry L.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.; Heuer, Mark W.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Baron, Vern S.] Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Billesbach, David P.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Burba, George G.] LI COR Biosci, Adv R&D, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Sustainable Energy Syst Grp, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glenn, Aaron J.] Agr & Food Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. [Hanan, Niall P.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.] Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Heuer, Mark W.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hollinger, Steven E.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Howard, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Prueger, John H.] Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Soil Water & Air Resources Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tenuta, Mario] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Canada Res Chair Appl Soil Ecol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Young, David G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Crop & Soils Res Sect, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. RP Gilmanov, TG (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM tagir.gilmanov@sdstate.edu; wylie@usgs.gov; llt@sio.midco.net; tilden.meyers@noaa.gov; vern.baron@agr.gc.ca; bernacch@illinois.edu; dbillesbach1@unl.edu; george.burba@licor.com; mlfischer@lbl.gov; aaron.glenn@agr.gc.ca; niall.hanan@sdstate.edu; jerry.hatfield@ars.usda.gov; mark.heuer@noaa.gov; hoboinc87@comcast.net; dhoward@usgs.gov; matamala@anl.gov; john.prueger@ars.usda.gov; mario.tenuta@ad.umanitoba.ca; david.young@agr.gc.ca RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Burba, George/G-9991-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Burba, George/0000-0003-2095-0057; Baron, Vern/0000-0001-5725-9230; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X; Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538 FU USGS [G10PC00044]; USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring program; South Dakota Corn Utilization Council; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed under USGS contract G10PC00044 and funding was provided by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring program. This work was also supported in part by the grant from the South Dakota Corn Utilization Council. Measurements at the US-ARM site were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. We thank Ameriflux database supervisor Dr. Thomas Boden and Ameriflux contributors Drs. J. Baker, T. Griffis, A. Suyker, and S. Verma for assistance with the data needs of this project. NR 65 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 164 BP 162 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2012.09.017 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 097KM UT WOS:000315473000015 ER PT J AU Zingg, JM Meydani, M AF Zingg, Jean-Marc Meydani, Mohsen TI Curcumin-from Tradition to Science Introduction SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zingg, Jean-Marc; Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1002/biof.1050 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 093RX UT WOS:000315210600001 PM 23047807 ER PT J AU Zingg, JM Hasan, ST Meydani, M AF Zingg, Jean-Marc Hasan, Syeda T. Meydani, Mohsen TI Molecular mechanisms of hypolipidemic effects of curcumin SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular disease; atherosclerosis; inflammation; diabetes; hypolipidemia; hyperlipidemia; signal transduction; gene expression; FOXO1; FOXO3a; NRF2; SREBP1; 2; CREB; CREBH; PPAR; LXR; lipotoxicity ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; HIGH-FAT DIET; FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-GAMMA; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HUMAN THP-1 MACROPHAGES; HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS; FACTOR-KAPPA-B AB Recent evidence suggests potential benefits from phytochemicals and micronutrients in reducing the elevated oxidative and lipid-mediated stress associated with inflammation, obesity, and atherosclerosis. These compounds may either directly scavenge reactive oxygen or nitrogen species or they may modulate the activity of signal transduction enzymes leading to changes in the expression of antioxidant genes. Alternatively, they may reduce plasma lipid levels by modulating lipid metabolic genes in tissues and thus reduce indirectly lipid-mediated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress through their hypolipidemic effect. Here we review the proposed molecular mechanisms by which curcumin, a polyphenol present in the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) spice, influences oxidative and lipid-mediated stress in the vascular system. At the molecular level, mounting experimental evidence suggests that curcumin may act chemically as scavenger of free radicals and/or influences signal transduction (e.g., Akt, AMPK) and modulates the activity of specific transcription factors (e.g., FOXO1/3a, NRF2, SREBP1/2, CREB, CREBH, PPAR, and LXR) that regulate the expression of genes involved in free radicals scavenging (e.g., catalase, MnSOD, and heme oxygenase-1) and lipid homeostasis (e.g., aP2/FABP4, CD36, HMG-CoA reductase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-1)). At the cellular level, curcumin may induce a mild oxidative and lipid-metabolic stress leading to an adaptive cellular stress response by hormetic stimulation of these cellular antioxidant defense systems and lipid metabolic enzymes. The resulting lower oxidative and lipid-mediated stress may not only explain the beneficial effects of curcumin on inflammation, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disease, but may also contribute to the increase in maximum life-span observed in animal models. (c) 2013 BioFactors, 39(1):101121, 2013 C1 [Zingg, Jean-Marc; Hasan, Syeda T.; Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Off 621, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Jean-Marc.Zingg@tufts.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-0-014] FX This work was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Contract Agreement No. 58-1950-0-014. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Authors thank Stephanie Marco for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 258 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 SI SI BP 101 EP 121 DI 10.1002/biof.1072 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 093RX UT WOS:000315210600011 PM 23339042 ER PT J AU Shen, LR Parnell, LD Ordovas, JM Lai, CQ AF Shen, Li-Rong Parnell, Laurence D. Ordovas, Jose M. Lai, Chao-Qiang TI Curcumin and aging SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Review DE curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin; aging; ROS; superoxide dismutase ID EXTENDS LIFE-SPAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TETRAHYDROCURCUMIN; MECHANISMS; LONGEVITY; INJURY; MICE AB Turmeric has been used commonly as a spice, food additive, and an herbal medicine worldwide. Known as a bioactive polyphenolic extract of Turmeric, curcumin has a broad range of health benefit properties for humans. Recently, active research on curcumin with respect to aging and related traits in model organisms has demonstrated that curcumin and its metabolite, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), increase mean lifespan of at least three model organisms: nematode roundworm, fruit fly Drosophila, and mouse. Nematodes grown on media containing curcumin showed a significantly increased lifespan by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. Genes osr-1, sek-1, mek-1, skn-1, unc-43, sir-2.1, and age-1 are required for curcumin-mediated lifespan extension. The lifespan extension of Drosophila by curcumin supplementation was associated with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased lipofuscin and malondialdehyde levels. Curcumin up-regulated expression of SOD genes and down-regulated expression of several age-related genes, such as dInR, ATTD, Def, CecB, and DptB. In addition, THC extended lifespan in Drosophila and inhibited the oxidative stress response by regulating FOXO and Sir2. Mice fed diets containing THC starting at the age of 13 months had significantly increased mean lifespan. In summary, the positive effects of curcumin on lifespan extension likely arise from beneficial regulation of common oxidative stress responses and age-related genes. Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) of curcumin action has provided base knowledge and rationale for future human clinical trials, and for nutritional intervention in aging and age-associated disorders in humans. (c) 2013 BioFactors, 39(1):133140, 2013 C1 [Shen, Li-Rong; Lai, Chao-Qiang] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Shen, Li-Rong; Parnell, Laurence D.; Ordovas, Jose M.; Lai, Chao-Qiang] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chaoqiang.lai@ars.usda.gov FU applied research of public beneficial technology of Zhejiang [2011C22039]; projects of scientific & technical development of Hangzhou [20110232B52]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31271848]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service [1950-51520-012-00D]; USDA-ARS/Tufts University [58-1950-7-707] FX The authors would like to thank Jean-Marc Zingg and Mohsen Meydani for carefully editing the manuscript and providing valuable comments. This work was supported by grants from the applied research of public beneficial technology of Zhejiang (No. 2011C22039), and projects of scientific & technical development of Hangzhou (20110232B52), and by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271848), and by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (1950-51520-012-00D) and USDA-ARS/Tufts University contract #58-1950-7-707. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-6433 EI 1872-8081 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 SI SI BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1002/biof.1086 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 093RX UT WOS:000315210600013 PM 23325575 ER PT J AU Tumen, I Eller, FJ Clausen, CA Teel, JA AF Tumen, Ibrahim Eller, Fred J. Clausen, Carol A. Teel, Jeffrey A. TI Antifungal Activity of Heartwood Extracts from Three Juniperus species SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Juniperus; Cedarwood oil; Extraction; Wood preservation; Wood-rot fungi; Hexane; Ethanol; Methanol; Impregnation ID UNITED-STATES; CEDARWOOD OIL; BARK SAPWOOD; RESISTANCE; LEAVES AB Heartwood samples from three species of Juniperus (i.e., J. virginiana, J. occidentalis, and J. ashei) were extracted with hexane, ethanol, and methanol. The hexane and ethanol extracts were tested for antifungal activity against four species of wood-rot fungi (i.e, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Postia placenta, Trametes versicolor, and Irpex lacteus). Ashe juniper (AJ) gave the highest extract yields (6.60 to 11.27%), followed by Eastern red cedar (ERC) (4.78 to 9.56%), and then Western juniper (WJ) (4.26 to 7.32%). WJ contained the highest level of cedrol (over 60%), while AJ contained the highest level of thujopsene (over 30%). Methanol and ethanol gave the highest extract yields as well as slightly higher percentages of cedrol and widdrol. The juniper extracts were more effective against white-rot fungi than brown-rot fungi. The ethanol extracts had higher antifungal activity than the hexane extracts. The AJ extracts had the greatest bioactivity against the wood-rot fungi. C1 [Tumen, Ibrahim] Bartin Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Prod Chem, TR-74100 Bartin, Turkey. [Eller, Fred J.; Teel, Jeffrey A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Funct Foods Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Clausen, Carol A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Funct Foods Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Fred.Eller@ARS.USDA.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 085RP UT WOS:000314632300005 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Reifschneider, L O'Kuru, RH Finkenstadt, VL AF Tisserat, Brent Reifschneider, Louis O'Kuru, Rogers Harry Finkenstadt, Victoria L. TI Mechanical and Thermal Properties of High Density Polyethylene - Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles Composites SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Particle size; Adsorption tests; Mechanical properties; Flexural properties; Colorimetery; Differential scanning calorimetry; Thermal properties; Injection molding ID WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES; REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; FLEXURAL PROPERTIES; COUPLING AGENT; WATER-UPTAKE; EXTRUSION; FLOUR; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; BEHAVIOR AB Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles (DDGS) was evaluated as a bio-based fiber reinforcement. Composites of high density polyethylene (HDPE) composed of 25% by weight DDGS and either 0% or 5% by weight of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) were produced by twin screw compounding and injection molding. An improved DDGS bio-filler was produced by solvent treating DDGS (STDDGS). Injection-molded test specimens were evaluated for their tensile, flexural, impact, and thermal properties. Composite blends composed of STDDGS were superior to their DDSG counterparts. Composites made with STDDGS and MAPE had significantly improved tensile and flexural properties compared to neat HDPE. Impact strength of all composites was similar and lower than neat HDPE. Soaking of tensile bars of the various PE-DDGS blends in distilled water for 28 days altered their physical, color, and mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetery and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted on neat HDPE and DDGS composites to evaluate their thermal properties. C1 [Tisserat, Brent] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Reifschneider, Louis] Illinois State Univ, Dept Technol, Coll Appl Sci & Technol, Normal, IL 61790 USA. [O'Kuru, Rogers Harry] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Finkenstadt, Victoria L.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Brent.Tisserat@ars.usda.gov FU American Chemical Society, Washington D.C FX The authors acknowledge Xavier Holford, Lauren Duvall, Dr. Arthur Thompson, and Kathy Hornbeck for technical assistance. This research has been supported partly through the Project Seed, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 BP 59 EP 75 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 085RP UT WOS:000314632300009 ER PT J AU Hunt, JF Zhang, HJ Guo, ZR Fu, F AF Hunt, John F. Zhang, Houjiang Guo, Zhiren Fu, Feng TI Cantilever Beam Static and Dynamic Response Comparison with Mid-Point Bending for Thin MDF Composite Panels SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Cantilever beam; Damping ratio; Dynamic modulus; Free-vibration; Static bending; Wood composite panels ID YOUNGS MODULUS; WOOD; VIBRATION; FIR AB A new cantilever beam apparatus has been developed to measure static and vibrational properties of small and thin samples of wood or composite panels. The apparatus applies a known displacement to a cantilever beam, measures its static load, then releases it into its natural first mode of transverse vibration. Free vibrational tip displacements as a function of time were recorded. This paper compares the test results from the cantilever beam static bending and vibration with standard midpoint simply supported bending samples. Medium density fiberboard panels were obtained from four different commercial sources. Comparisons were made using a set of fiberboard panels with thicknesses of 8.1, 4.5, 3.7, and 2.6 mm and nominal densities of 700, 770, 780, and 830 kg/m(3), respectively. Cantilever beam static modulus and dynamic modulus of elasticity linearly correlated well but were consistently higher than standard mid-point bending modulus of elasticity having linear correlations of 1.12:1 and 1.26:1, respectively. The higher strain rates of both the static and vibrating cantilever beam could be the primary reason for the slightly higher dynamic modulus values. The log decrement of the displacement was also used to calculate the damping ratio for the cantilever beam. As expected, damping ratio had a slightly decreasing slope as density increased. This paper discusses the new apparatus and initial results. C1 [Hunt, John F.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Zhang, Houjiang; Guo, Zhiren] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Fu, Feng] Chinese Acad Forestry, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Hunt, JF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jfhunt@fs.fed.us FU Chinese State Forestry Administration [2008-4-69] FX The authors thank the 948 fund of Chinese State Forestry Administration for funding this research, grant #: 2008-4-69. The corresponding author thanks C. Turk and D. J. Marr from USDA Forest Products Laboratory for their initial CBV development. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 BP 115 EP 129 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 085RP UT WOS:000314632300013 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Liu, ZJ Fei, BH Cai, ZY Jiang, ZH Liu, XE AF Liu, Xianmiao Liu, Zhijia Fei, Benhua Cai, Zhiyong Jiang, Zehui Liu, Xing'e TI Comparative Properties of Bamboo and Rice Straw Pellets SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Bio-energy; Bamboo; Bamboo pellet; Rice straw pellet ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FOREST RESIDUES; BIOMASS; ENERGY; FUEL AB Bamboo is a potential major bio-energy resource. Tests were carried out to compare and evaluate the property of bamboo and rice straw pellets, rice straw being the other main source of biomass solid fuel in China. All physical properties of untreated bamboo pellets (UBP), untreated rice straw pellets (URP), carbonized bamboo pellets (CBP), and carbonized rice straw pellets (CRP) met the requirements of Pellet Fuels Institute Standard Specification for Residential/Commercial Densified including dimension, density, and strength. The inorganic ash (15.94 %) and gross heat value (15375 J/g) of rice straw pellets could not meet the requirement of Pellet Fuels Institute Standard Specification for Residential/Commercial Densified (<= 6.0% for PFI Utility) and the minimum requirement for making commercial pellets of DIN 51731 (> 17500 J/g), respectively. Rice straw pellets have been a main type of biomass solid fuel and widely used. Bamboo pellets have better combustion properties compared with rice straw pellets. It is confirmed that bamboo pellets have great potential as biomass solid fuel, especially with respect to development of commercial pellets on an industrial scale in China. The information provided by this research is useful for development and utilization of bamboo resource and pellets. C1 [Liu, Xianmiao; Liu, Zhijia; Fei, Benhua; Jiang, Zehui; Liu, Xing'e] Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. [Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. EM Liuzj@icbr.ac.cn; Feibenhua@icbr.ac.cn FU 12th Five Years Plan-Study on manufacturing technology of functional bamboo (rattan)-based materials [2012BAD54G01]; Basic Scientific Research Funds of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan [1632012002] FX This research was financially supported by '12th Five Years Plan-Study on manufacturing technology of functional bamboo (rattan)-based materials' (Grant No. 2012BAD54G01) and 'Basic Scientific Research Funds of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan' (Grant No. 1632012002). NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 BP 638 EP 647 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 085RP UT WOS:000314632300055 ER PT J AU Zhou, X Michal, JJ Zhang, LF Ding, B Lunney, JK Liu, B Jiang, ZH AF Zhou, Xiang Michal, Jennifer J. Zhang, Lifan Ding, Bo Lunney, Joan K. Liu, Bang Jiang, Zhihua TI Interferon Induced IFIT Family Genes in Host Antiviral Defense SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE IFIT family; evolution; antiviral activities; regulation and signaling; therapy of infectious diseases ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; PATTERN-RECOGNITION RECEPTORS; RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; STIMULATED GENES; EUKARYOTIC INITIATION-FACTOR-3; JAPANESE-ENCEPHALITIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MOUSE-BRAIN; EXPRESSION AB Secretion of interferons (IFNs) from virus-infected cells is a hallmark of host antiviral immunity and in fact, IFNs exert their antiviral activities through the induction of antiviral proteins. The IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) family is among hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes. This family contains a cluster of duplicated loci. Most mammals have IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3 and IFIT5; however, bird, marsupial, frog and fish have only IFIT5. Regardless of species, IFIT5 is always adjacent to SLC16A12. IFIT family genes are predominantly induced by type I and type III interferons and are regulated by the pattern recognition and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. IFIT family proteins are involved in many processes in response to viral infection. However, some viruses can escape the antiviral functions of the IFIT family by suppressing IFIT family genes expression or methylation of 5' cap of viral molecules. In addition, the variants of IFIT family genes could significantly influence the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy. We believe that our current review provides a comprehensive picture for the community to understand the structure and function of IFIT family genes in response to pathogens in human, as well as in animals. C1 [Zhou, Xiang; Michal, Jennifer J.; Zhang, Lifan; Ding, Bo; Jiang, Zhihua] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Zhou, Xiang; Liu, Bang] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Agr Anim Genet Breeding & Reprod, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Xiang; Liu, Bang] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Minist Agr, Key Lab Swine Genet & Breeding, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Lunney, Joan K.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, USDA,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jiang, ZH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM liubang@mail.hzau.edu.cn; jiangz@wsu.edu RI Jiang, Zhihua/A-3378-2008 OI Jiang, Zhihua/0000-0003-1986-088X FU National Pork Board; USDA ARS; PRRS CAP; USDA NIFA [2008-55620-19132]; China Scholarship Council FX This work was supported by the National Pork Board, USDA ARS and PRRS CAP, USDA NIFA Award 2008-55620-19132. Mr. Xiang Zhou is recipient of the China Scholarship Council assistantship for a joint Ph.D. program between Washington State University, USA and Huazhong Agricultural University, China. NR 62 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 26 PU IVYSPRING INT PUBL PI LAKE HAVEN PA PO BOX 4546, LAKE HAVEN, NSW 2263, AUSTRALIA SN 1449-2288 J9 INT J BIOL SCI JI Int. J. Biol. Sci. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 2 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.7150/ijbs.5613 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 098RH UT WOS:000315565900008 PM 23459883 ER PT J AU Guo, WC Zhu, XH Nelson, SO AF Guo, Wenchuan Zhu, Xinhua Nelson, Stuart O. TI Permittivities of Watermelon Pulp and Juice and Correlation with Quality Indicators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES LA English DT Article DE Watermelon; Pulp; Juice; Permittivities; Dielectric constant; Loss factor; Soluble solids content; pH; Sugar acid ratio ID DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY AB Permittivities from 10 to 4500 MHz at 24 degrees C were measured on pulp and juice of watermelons of different maturities with an open-ended coaxial-line probe and network analyzer. The dielectric constant of both materials decreased monotonically with increasing frequency and loss factor had a minimum at about 1000 MHz. Moreover, the pulp and juice had very similar loss factor values at each frequency. Ionic conduction is the major loss mechanism at lower frequencies in this range, while dipolar losses are dominant at the higher frequencies. The best linear coefficients of determination, 0.8 and 0.69, were found at 4500 MHz for correlations between the loss tangent of juice and soluble solids content and between loss tangent of juice and soluble solids content/pH, respectively. The penetration depth of electromagnetic energy in pulp and juice at 4500 MHz was 4 mm. The study offers useful information in assessing watermelon quality from dielectric properties. C1 [Guo, Wenchuan; Zhu, Xinhua] NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Nelson, Stuart O.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Guo, WC (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM wencg915@sina.com NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1094-2912 EI 1532-2386 J9 INT J FOOD PROP JI Int. J. Food Prop. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 16 IS 3 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1080/10942912.2010.551306 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 081XA UT WOS:000314354500001 ER PT J AU Halgren, A Maselko, M Azevedo, M Mills, D Armstrong, D Banowetz, G AF Halgren, Anne Maselko, Maciej Azevedo, Mark Mills, Dallice Armstrong, Donald Banowetz, Gary TI Genetics of germination-arrest factor (GAF) production by Pseudomonas fluorescens WH6: identification of a gene cluster essential for GAF biosynthesis SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA; AMINO-ACIDS; AERUGINOSA; SEQUENCE; ANTIMETABOLITE; RHIZOBITOXINE; CONSTRUCTION; PATHWAY; FAMILY AB The genetic basis of the biosynthesis of the germination-arrest factor (GAF) produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens WH6, and previously identified as 4-formylaminooxyvinylglycine, has been investigated here. In addition to inhibiting the germination of a wide range of grassy weeds, GAF exhibits a selective antimicrobial activity against the bacterial plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora. We utilized the in vitro response of E. amylovora to GAF as a rapid screen for loss-of-function GAF phenotypes generated by transposon mutagenesis. A Tn5 mutant library consisting of 6364 WH6 transformants was screened in this Erwinia assay, resulting in the identification of 18 non-redundant transposon insertion sites that led to loss of GAF production in WH6, as confirmed by TLC analysis. These insertions mapped to five different genes and four intergenic regions. Three of these genes, including two putative regulatory genes (gntR and iopB homologues), were clustered in a 13 kb chromosomal region containing 13 putative ORFs. A GAF mutation identified previously as affecting an aminotransferase also maps to this region. We suggest that three of the genes in this region (a carbamoyltransferase, an aminotransferase and a formyltransferase) encode the enzymes necessary to synthesize dihydroGAF, the putative immediate precursor of GAF in a proposed GAF biosynthetic pathway. RT-qPCR analyses demonstrated that mutations in the gntR and iopB regulatory genes, as well as in a prtR homologue identified earlier as controlling GAF formation, suppressed transcription of at least two of the putative GAF biosynthetic genes (encoding the aminotransferase and formyltransferase) located in this 13 kb region. C1 [Halgren, Anne; Maselko, Maciej; Azevedo, Mark; Banowetz, Gary] USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mills, Dallice; Armstrong, Donald] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM banowetg@onid.orst.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (USDA CSREES) Grass Seed Cropping Systems for Sustainable Agriculture Special Grant Program; Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation FX Support from the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (USDA CSREES) Grass Seed Cropping Systems for Sustainable Agriculture Special Grant Program and from the Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation is gratefully acknowledged by D. M and D. A. Technical assistance for parts of this study was provided by Donald D. Chen. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JAN PY 2013 VL 159 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1099/mic.0.062166-0 PN 1 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 098PK UT WOS:000315561000004 PM 23125119 ER PT J AU Browning, DM Steele, CM AF Browning, Dawn M. Steele, Caitriana M. TI Vegetation Index Differencing for Broad-Scale Assessment of Productivity Under Prolonged Drought and Sequential High Rainfall Conditions SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE change detection; rangeland monitoring; Landsat; ecological state mapping; state-and-transition models; phenology ID TRANSITION MODELS; THRESHOLDS; STRATEGY; HEALTH AB Spatially-explicit depictions of plant productivity over large areas are critical to monitoring landscapes in highly heterogeneous arid ecosystems. Applying radiometric change detection techniques we sought to determine whether: (1) differences between pre- and post-growing season spectral vegetation index values effectively identify areas of significant change in vegetation; and (2) areas of significant change coincide with altered ecological states. We differenced NDVI values, standardized difference values to Z-scores to identify areas of significant increase and decrease in NDVI, and examined the ecological states associated with these areas. The vegetation index differencing method and translation of growing season NDVI to Z-scores permit examination of change over large areas and can be applied by non-experts. This method identified areas with potential for vegetation/ecological state transition and serves to guide field reconnaissance efforts that may ultimately inform land management decisions for millions of acres of federal lands. C1 [Browning, Dawn M.] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Steele, Caitriana M.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Browning, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 30003 MSC3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM dbrownin@nmsu.edu; caiti@nmsu.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 327 EP 341 DI 10.3390/rs5010327 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 096KJ UT WOS:000315402400017 ER PT J AU Palancar, GG Lefer, BL Hall, SR Shaw, WJ Corr, CA Herndon, SC Slusser, JR Madronich, S AF Palancar, G. G. Lefer, B. L. Hall, S. R. Shaw, W. J. Corr, C. A. Herndon, S. C. Slusser, J. R. Madronich, S. TI Effect of aerosols and NO2 concentration on ultraviolet actinic flux near Mexico City during MILAGRO: measurements and model calculations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG; PHOTOLYSIS RATES; OZONE PRODUCTION; CLOUDY ATMOSPHERES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; METROPOLITAN-AREA; NITROGEN-OXIDES; 2006 CAMPAIGN; URBAN; SENSITIVITY AB Urban air pollution absorbs and scatters solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and thus has a potentially large effect on tropospheric photochemical rates. We present the first detailed comparison between actinic fluxes (AF) in the wavelength range 330-420 nm measured in highly polluted conditions and simulated with the Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible (TUV) model. Measurements were made during the MILAGRO campaign near Mexico City in March 2006, at a ground-based station near Mexico City (the T1 supersite) and from the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft. At the surface, measured AF values are typically smaller than the model by up to 25% in the morning, 10% at noon, and 40% in the afternoon, for pollution-free and cloud-free conditions. When measurements of PBL height, NO2 concentration and aerosols optical properties are included in the model, the agreement improves to within +/- 10% in the morning and afternoon, and +/- 3% at noon. Based on daily averages, aerosols account for 68% and NO2 for 25% of AF reductions observed at the surface. Several overpasses from the C-130 aircraft provided the opportunity to examine the AF perturbations aloft, and also show better agreement with the model when aerosol and NO2 effects are included above and below the flight altitude. TUV model simulations show that the vertical structure of the actinic flux is sensitive to the choice of the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) at UV wavelengths. Typically, aerosols enhance AF above the PBL and reduce AF near the surface. However, for highly scattering aerosols (SSA > 0.95), enhancements can penetrate well into the PBL, while for strongly absorbing aerosols (SSA < 0.6) reductions in AF are computed in the free troposphere as well as in the PBL. Additional measurements of the SSA at these wavelengths are needed to better constrain the effect of aerosols on the vertical structure of the AF. C1 [Palancar, G. G.; Hall, S. R.; Madronich, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Palancar, G. G.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Quim, Dept Quim Fis, Ctr Laser Ciencias Mol,INFIQC,CONICET, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Lefer, B. L.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Shaw, W. J.] US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Corr, C. A.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Herndon, S. C.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Slusser, J. R.] Colorado State Univ, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Madronich, S (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM sasha@ucar.edu RI Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015 OI Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313 FU CONICET; National Science Foundation; USDA/CSREES [2006-34263-16326]; NSF [ATM-0511911] FX G. G. Palancar would like to thank CONICET for an external fellowship. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We thank AERONET principal investigator Brent Holben and his staff for their efforts in establishing and maintaining the T1_MAX_MEX site. The authors would like to thank R. C. Cohen (University of California, Berkeley) for providing the NO2 data at surface (LIF) and also to D. J. Knapp, D. D. Montzka, and A. J. Weinheimer (NCAR) for providing the NO2 measurements taken aboard the C-130 aircraft. Irradiance measurements were provided by the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program supported by USDA/CSREES grant 2006-34263-16326, with additional support from NSF under grant number ATM-0511911. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 1011 EP 1022 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1011-2013 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079LP UT WOS:000314172200031 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Morales, VL Zhang, W Harvey, RW Packman, AI Mohanram, A Welty, C AF Bradford, Scott A. Morales, Veronica L. Zhang, Wei Harvey, Ronald W. Packman, Aaron I. Mohanram, Arvind Welty, Claire TI Transport and Fate of Microbial Pathogens in Agricultural Settings SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE models; pathogen; retention; survival; transport ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; DEEP-BED FILTRATION; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; TO-GRAIN CONTACTS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS; SURFACE-CHARGE HETEROGENEITIES AB An understanding of the transport and survival of microbial pathogens (pathogens hereafter) in agricultural settings is needed to assess the risk of pathogen contamination to water and food resources, and to develop control strategies and treatment options. However, many knowledge gaps still remain in predicting the fate and transport of pathogens in runoff water, and then through the shallow vadose zone and groundwater. A number of transport pathways, processes, factors, and mathematical models often are needed to describe pathogen fate in agricultural settings. The level of complexity is dramatically enhanced by soil heterogeneity, as well as by temporal variability in temperature, water inputs, and pathogen sources. There is substantial variability in pathogen migration pathways, leading to changes in the dominant processes that control pathogen transport over different spatial and temporal scales. For example, intense rainfall events can generate runoff and preferential flow that can rapidly transport pathogens. Pathogens that survive for extended periods of time have a greatly enhanced probability of remaining viable when subjected to such rapid-transport events. Conversely, in dry seasons, pathogen transport depends more strongly on retention at diverse environmental surfaces controlled by a multitude of coupled physical, chemical, and microbiological factors. These interactions are incompletely characterized, leading to a lack of consensus on the proper mathematical framework to model pathogen transport even at the column scale. In addition, little is known about how to quantify transport and survival parameters at the scale of agricultural fields or watersheds. This review summarizes current conceptual and quantitative models for pathogen transport and fate in agricultural settings over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The authors also discuss the benefits that can be realized by improved modeling, and potential treatments to mitigate the risk of waterborne disease transmission. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Morales, Veronica L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Zhang, Wei] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Packman, Aaron I.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Mohanram, Arvind] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Welty, Claire] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Biochem & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Scott.Bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Zhang, Wei/B-4219-2011; Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; Morales, Veronica /C-7617-2014 OI Zhang, Wei/0000-0002-2937-1732; FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts project of the USDA-ARS [NP 214] FX This review paper evolved from discussions at a National Synthesis Workshop entitled "Pathogens (Bacteria, Viruses, and Protozoa) in Rural and Agricultural Watersheds" held at Cornell University in May of 2010. The USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture sponsored this workshop for funded investigators in their Water and Watershed competitive grants program. This research was supported in part by the Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts project (NP 214) of the USDA-ARS. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of Dr. Jirka Simunek to review some of the equations and Lorena and Marcelo Altamirano for their help with the figures. NR 718 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 13 U2 210 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 EI 1547-6537 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 43 IS 8 BP 775 EP 893 DI 10.1080/10643389.2012.710449 PG 119 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096ES UT WOS:000315387600001 ER PT J AU Geng, HW Beecher, BS Pumphrey, M He, ZH Morris, CF AF Geng, Hongwei Beecher, Brian S. Pumphrey, Michael He, Zhonghu Morris, Craig F. TI Segregation analysis indicates that Puroindoline b-2 variants 2 and 3 are allelic in Triticum aestivum and that a revision to Puroindoline b-2 gene symbolization is indicated SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Kernel hardness; Bread wheat; Puroindoline b-2 variants; Segregation ratios ID WHEAT-GRAIN HARDNESS; RED SPRING WHEAT; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; MULTIGENE FAMILY; FRIABILIN; SOFTNESS; PROTEIN; BREAD; ASSOCIATION; GERMPLASM AB Genetic and kernel texture relationships between Puroindoline b-2 variants 2 and 3 have not been fully established in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Here, 480 F-2 plants, derived from three hard spring wheat populations were used to test the segregation of Puroindoline b-2 (Pinb-2) variants 2 and 3. Chi-square analysis indicated that Pinb-2 variants 2 and 3 in all three F-2 populations segregated as a single bi-allelic locus, with segregation ratios fitting a 1:2:1 ratio. Using 448 of the 480 plants derived from these three F-2 populations, the average SKCS hardness index of plants homozygous for Pinb-2 variant 2 vs. those homozygous for variant 3 was not significantly different (67.5 vs. 67.9). Results indicated that plants with Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a were on average 10.0 Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) hardness index units harder than those carrying the Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b haplotype. In conclusion, Pinb-2 variants 2 and 3 are allelic and exert little effect on kernel texture in hard-kernel T. aestivum germplasm. Further, the designation of Pinb-2v2 and Pinb-2v3 should be changed to Pinb-B2a and Pinb-B2b, respectively. We propose that Pinb-2 variants 1 and 4 of Chinese Spring be designated Pinb-D2a and Pinb-A2a, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Geng, Hongwei] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Geng, Hongwei] Xinjiang Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Beecher, Brian S.; Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab,Food Sci & Human Nutr Faci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pumphrey, Michael] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [He, Zhonghu] CAAS, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Inst Crop Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [He, Zhonghu] CAAS, China Off, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab,Food Sci & Human Nutr Faci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu RI He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 57 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.09.015 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 083FR UT WOS:000314448600009 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Gonzalez, JJ Wise, ML Garvin, DF AF Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan J. Wise, Mitchell L. Garvin, David F. TI A developmental profile of tocol accumulation in oat seeds SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vitamin E; Avena; Tocopherols; Tocotrienols ID TRITICUM-MONOCOCCUM; NUTRITIONAL TRAITS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; TOCOTRIENOLS; ANTIOXIDANT; L.; PROTEIN; KERNEL; BARLEY; CORN AB Oats are a good source of many vitamins and minerals, including compounds that collectively constitute vitamin E, the tocols. Tocols are comprised of two subgroups, tocopherols and tocotrienols. Due to their potent antioxidant properties, attention has been given to the health benefits of tocols in oats. However, little is known about developmental aspects of their accumulation. Moreover, aside from their role in protecting membranes from oxidative damage, their possible physiological roles in planta have largely gone uninvestigated. In this study, we quantified tocol accumulation at five time points during oat seed development, and also compared tocol concentration and composition in the whole seed both to endosperm and embryos at a late stage of seed development. The temporal pattern of accumulation of the tocol subgroups was different. Both tocotrienols and tocopherols steadily increased over the course of seed development; however, tocotrienol progression was sigmoidal and tocopherol linear. By the end of seed development, tocotrienols were the most abundant tocol both in whole seed and in seed with embryos removed. In contrast, embryos contained higher concentrations of tocopherols than tocotrienols late in seed development. Differences in both temporal and spatial distribution during seed development suggest distinct roles for tocotrienols and tocopherols. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan J.; Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan J.; Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wise, Mitchell L.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Garvin, DF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM David.Garvin@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan/0000-0002-6795-6192 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 57 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.10.001 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 083FR UT WOS:000314448600012 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Dungan, RS Bjorneberg, DL Koehn, AC AF Leytem, April B. Dungan, Robert S. Bjorneberg, David L. Koehn, Anita C. TI Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from an Open-Freestall Dairy in Southern Idaho SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID INVERSE-DISPERSION TECHNIQUE; TO-AIR EMISSIONS; METHANE EMISSIONS; FIELD TRIAL; BARN; COWS; SPECTROMETRY; MANURE; BUILDINGS; WISCONSIN AB Concentrated dairy operations emit trace gases such as ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. The implementation of air quality regulations in livestock-producing states increases the need for accurate on-farm determination of emission rates. Our objective was to determine the emission rates of NH3, CH4, and N2O from the open-freestall and wastewater pond source areas on a commercial dairy in southern Idaho using a flush system with anaerobic digestion. Gas concentrations and wind statistics were measured and used with an inverse dispersion model to calculate emission rates. Average emissions per cow per day from the open-freestall source area were 0.08 kg NH3, 0.41 kg CH4, and 0.02 kg N2O. Average emissions from the wastewater ponds (g m(-2) d(-1)) were 6.8 NH3, 22 CH4, and 0.2 N2O. The combined emissions on a per cow per day basis from the open-freestall and wastewater pond areas averaged 0.20 kg NH3 and 0.75 kg CH4. Combined N2O emissions were not calculated due to limited available data. The wastewater ponds were the greatest source of total farm NH3 emissions (67%) in spring and summer. The emissions of CH4 were approximately equal from the two source areas in spring and summer. During the late fall and winter months, the open-freestall area constituted the greatest source area of NH3 and CH4 emissions. Data from this study can be used to develop trace gas emissions factors from open-freestall dairies in southern Idaho and other open-freestall production systems in similar climatic regions. C1 [Leytem, April B.; Dungan, Robert S.; Bjorneberg, David L.; Koehn, Anita C.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM april.leytem@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0106 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 087GO UT WOS:000314749500003 PM 23673734 ER PT J AU Spiehs, MJ Brown-Brandl, TM Parker, DB Miller, DN Berry, ED Wells, JE AF Spiehs, Mindy J. Brown-Brandl, Tami M. Parker, David B. Miller, Daniel N. Berry, Elaine D. Wells, James E. TI Effect of Bedding Materials on Concentration of Odorous Compounds and Escherichia coli in Beef Cattle Bedded Manure Packs SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WET DISTILLERS GRAINS; DAIRY-COWS; IN-VITRO; ENVIRONMENTAL MASTITIS; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; O157-H7; OUTBREAK; FEEDLOTS; WASTE; PERSISTENCE AB The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of bedding material (corn stover, soybean stover, wheat straw, switchgrass, wood chips, wood shavings, corn cobs, and shredded paper) on concentration of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOC) in bedded pack material and to determine the effect of bedding material on the levels of total Escherichia coli in laboratory-scaled bedded manure packs. Four bedded packs of each bedding material were maintained for two 6-wk periods (N = 64). Straight-and branched-chained fatty acids and aromatic compounds were measured. Corn cob bedding had the highest concentration of odorous VOC, and wood shavings had the lowest (P < 0.01). Calculated odor activity values were highest for corn cob bedding and shredded paper and lowest for wood shavings (P < 0.01). Escherichia coli concentrations decreased from week to week for all treatments from Week 2 to Week 6. At Week 6, E. coli levels in bedded packs with shredded paper were higher (P < 0.05) than bedded packs containing wood shavings, wood chips, or switchgrass (P < 0.05). At Weeks 4, 5, and 6, E. coli concentrations in bedded packs with wood shavings were lower (P < 0.05) than bedded packs of all treatments except wood chips. Results of this study indicate that ground corn cobs or shredded paper may increase odor production and shredded paper may increase E. coli when used in deep-bedded livestock facilities, whereas wood shavings may have the least impact on air quality and E. coli. C1 [Spiehs, Mindy J.; Brown-Brandl, Tami M.; Berry, Elaine D.; Wells, James E.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Parker, David B.] W Texas A&M Univ, Palo Duro Res Facil, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Miller, Daniel N.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Spiehs, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM mindy.spiehs@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0251 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 087GO UT WOS:000314749500009 PM 23673740 ER PT J AU Tian, K Huang, CH Wang, GQ Fu, XD Parker, G AF Tian, Kun Huang, Chi-hua Wang, Guang-qian Fu, Xu-dong Parker, Gary TI Quantification of Chemical Transport Processes from the Soil to Surface Runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEMIARID HILLSLOPE; EROSION PROCESSES; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; RAINFALL IMPACT; WATER; FLOW; MODEL; CAPACITY AB There is a good conceptual understanding of the processes that govern chemical transport from the soil to surface runoff, but few studies have actually quantified these processes separately. Thus, we designed a laboratory flow cell and experimental procedures to quantify the chemical transport from soil to runoff water in the following individual processes: (i) convection with a vertical hydraulic gradient, (ii) convection via surface flow or the Bernoulli effect, (iii) diffusion, and (iv) soil loss. We applied different vertical hydraulic gradients by setting the flow cell to generate different seepage or drainage conditions. Our data confirmed the general form of the convection-diffusion equation. However, we now have additional quantitative data that describe the contribution of each individual chemical loading process in different surface runoff and soil hydrological conditions. The results of this study will be useful for enhancing our understanding of different geochemical processes in the surface soil mixing zone. C1 [Tian, Kun; Wang, Guang-qian; Fu, Xu-dong] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Tian, Kun; Wang, Guang-qian; Fu, Xu-dong] Tsinghua Univ, Dep Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Tian, Kun] China Water Int Engn Consulting Co Ltd, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. [Huang, Chi-hua] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Loss Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Parker, Gary] Univ Illinois, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Parker, Gary] Univ Illinois, Dep Geol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Tian, K (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM annietiankun@hotmail.com RI Fu, Xudong/F-5638-2015 OI Fu, Xudong/0000-0003-0744-0546 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51109115]; National Soil Loss Research Laboratory [3602-12220-009-00]; China Ministry of Science and Technology [2011CB409901]; open fund of the State Key Laboratory of Soil Loss and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Water Resources [10501-1221] FX We thank Brenda Hofmann and Sayjro Kossi Nouwakpo for providing technological support during this study. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 51109115), the National Soil Loss Research Laboratory (Project No. 3602-12220-009-00), China Ministry of Science and Technology under Contract (Project No. 2011CB409901), and the open fund of the State Key Laboratory of Soil Loss and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Ministry of Water Resources (Project No. 10501-1221). NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0470 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 087GO UT WOS:000314749500011 PM 23673742 ER PT J AU Smith, CM David, MB Mitchell, CA Masters, MD Anderson-Teixeira, KJ Bernacchi, CJ DeLucia, EH AF Smith, Candice M. David, Mark B. Mitchell, Corey A. Masters, Michael D. Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J. Bernacchi, Carl J. DeLucia, Evan H. TI Reduced Nitrogen Losses after Conversion of Row Crop Agriculture to Perennial Biofuel Crops SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; ION-EXCHANGE-RESIN; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; BIOENERGY FEEDSTOCK; COLD TOLERANCE; ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENERGY CROP; NITRATE AB Current biofuel feedstock crops such as corn lead to large environmental losses of N through nitrate leaching and N2O emissions; second-generation cellulosic crops have the potential to reduce these N losses. We measured N losses and cycling in establishing miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. fertilized with 56 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)), and mixed prairie, along with a corn (Zea mays L.)-corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation (corn fertilized at 168-202 kg N ha(-1)). Nitrous oxide emissions, soil N mineralization, mid-profile nitrate leaching, and tile flow and nitrate concentrations were measured. Perennial crops quickly reduced nitrate leaching at a 50-cm soil depth as well as concentrations and loads from the tile systems (year 1 tile nitrate concentrations of 10-15 mg N L-1 declined significantly by year 4 in all perennial crops to <0.6 mg N L-1, with losses of <0.8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). Nitrous oxide emissions were 2.2 to 7.7 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in the corn-corn-soybean rotation but were <1.0 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) by year 4 in the perennial crops. Overall N balances (atmospheric deposition + fertilization + soybean N-2 fixation - harvest, leaching losses, and N2O emissions) were positive for corn and soybean (22 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) as well as switchgrass (9.7 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) but were -18 and -29 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) for prairie and miscanthus, respectively. Our results demonstrate rapid tightening of the N cycle as perennial biofuel crops established on a rich Mollisol soil. C1 [Smith, Candice M.; David, Mark B.; Mitchell, Corey A.; Masters, Michael D.; Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Bernacchi, Carl J.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [David, Mark B.; Mitchell, Corey A.] Univ Illinois, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Dep Plant Biol, Urbana, IL USA. [DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. RP David, MB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mbdavid@illinois.edu OI Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X FU Energy Biosciences Institute FX The authors thank Tom Voigt and Emily Thomas for providing harvest yield data and Tim Mies for help with Energy Farm logistics. This work was funded by the Energy Biosciences Institute. NR 56 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 11 U2 121 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0210 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 087GO UT WOS:000314749500026 PM 23673757 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Tewolde, H Shankle, MW Way, TR Brooks, JP McLaughlin, MR AF Adeli, A. Tewolde, H. Shankle, M. W. Way, T. R. Brooks, J. P. McLaughlin, M. R. TI Runoff Quality from No-Till Cotton Fertilized with Broiler Litter in Subsurface Bands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID APPLIED POULTRY LITTER; LIQUID SWINE MANURE; PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; WATER-QUALITY; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; SIMULATED RAINFALL; NUTRIENT LOSSES; SEDIMENT LOSSES; SURFACE WATERS; SOIL AB Surface broadcast of broiler litter to no-till row crops exposes the litter and its nutrients to risks of loss in runoff water and volatilization and may limit the potential benefit of litter to the crops. Subsurface banding of litter could alleviate these risks. A field study was conducted in 2008 and 2009 on an upland Falkner silt loam soil to determine the effect of broiler litter placement on runoff nutrient losses from no-till cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Treatments included surface broadcast broiler litter applied manually, subsurface-banded litter applied by tractor-drawn equipment, and no broiler litter, all in combination with or without winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop residue. Broiler litter rate was 5.6 Mg ha(-1). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split-plot arrangement of treatments replicated three times. In 2008, simulated rainfall was used to generate runoff 27 d after litter application. Subsurface-banded litter reduced runoff total C, N, P, NH4, NO3, Cu, Zn and water-soluble P (WP) concentrations by 72, 64, 51, 49, 70, 36, 65, and 77%, respectively, compared with surface broadcast. The reductions were greater in 2009 where runoff occurred 1 d after litter application. Bacterial runoff was decreased by one log with subsurface-banded litter compared to surface broadcast. Except for C, NH4+, N, and WP, the presence of winter cover crop residue did not affect the load or runoff nutrient concentrations in either year. The results indicate that subsurface banding litter to no-till cotton substantially reduces nutrient and bacterial losses in runoff compared with surface broadcasting. C1 [Adeli, A.; Tewolde, H.; Brooks, J. P.; McLaughlin, M. R.] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Shankle, M. W.] Mississippi State Univ, Pontotoc, MS 38863 USA. [Way, T. R.] USDA ARS, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ardeshir.adeli@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0358 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 087GO UT WOS:000314749500032 PM 23673763 ER PT J AU Lee, J AF Lee, Jungmin TI Proanthocyanidin A2 purification and quantification of American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) products SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS LA English DT Article DE Polyphenolics; Phenolics; Tannin; Condensed tannins; Procyanidin; Sample preparation ID FIMBRIATED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHOTODIODE-ARRAY DETECTION; URINARY-TRACT-INFECTION; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; JUICE COCKTAIL; COMMON FOODS; ANTHOCYANINS; HPLC; FRUIT AB In this study, five common proanthocyanidin purification techniques were evaluated prior to phloroglucinolysis, followed by HPLC analysis. An optimized purification method was then used to identify and quantify the proanthocyanidins (extension and terminal units of epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, A type trimer, and A type dimer) of commercially available cranberry products (juices, concentrates, tablets, and capsules; n = 17). Two size exclusion beads (Toyopearl 4 TSK HW-40C and Sephadex LH-20) were found suitable for proanthocyanidin purification, though proanthocyanidin extension and terminal unit composition was contingent upon the cleanup procedure utilized. These data illustrate that purification methods require consideration prior to conducting any cranberry proanthocyanidin analyses, and have to be accounted for when comparing values between studies. Total proanthocyanidin levels ranged from 11.7 (juice) to 436.4 (tablet) mg/100 mL or 100 g values obtained from Sephadex LH-20 purification, while total anthocyanin levels ranged from 0.54 (juice) to 98.00 (tablet) mg/100 mL or 100 g. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Jungmin] ARS, USDA, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PWA, HCRU Worksite,29603 U I Ln, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jungmin.lee@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) CRIS [5358-21000-041-00D] FX We thank Chris Rennaker (USDA) for technical assistant and Mark Redhead for editorial suggestions. This project was funded under USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) CRIS number 5358-21000-041-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1756-4646 J9 J FUNCT FOODS JI J. Funct. Food. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jff.2012.09.005 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 094CV UT WOS:000315241500018 ER PT J AU Jeyadevi, R Sivasudha, T Rameshkumar, A Harnly, JM Lin, LZ AF Jeyadevi, R. Sivasudha, T. Rameshkumar, A. Harnly, James M. Lin, Long-Ze TI Phenolic profiling by UPLC-MS/MS and hepatoprotective activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum against CCl4 induced liver injury in Wistar rats SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS LA English DT Article DE Cardiospermum halicacabum; UPLC-MS/MS analysis; Phenolic profile; Ames test; Carbon tetrachloride; Hepatoprotectivity ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; DAMAGE; EXTRACTS AB The hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum (ECH) was evaluated in Wistar rats having liver injury induced by CCl4. The free radical scavenging activity of ECH was evaluated by ABTS and DPPH assay. Phenolic compounds like luteolin 7-o-glucoronide, apigenin 7-o-glucoronide and chrysoerisol 7-o-glucoronide were identified in ECH by UPLC-MS/MSn analysis. On the other hand, the anti mutagenic effect of ECH was examined using tester strain Salmonella typhimurium TA100 with and without S9 extract. CCl4 administered Wistar rats exhibited alteration in various biochemical parameters which were significantly (P <= 0.05) restored toward normal level by the therapy of ECH. ECH significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced LPO level in the liver tissue. Treatment with ECH showed curative effect on histopathological alterations and DNA damage in CCl4 administered rats in a dose dependent manner. Silymarin, a routine hepatoprotective drug was used as reference standard. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jeyadevi, R.; Sivasudha, T.; Rameshkumar, A.] Bharathidasan Univ, Dept Environm Biotechnol, Tiruchchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India. [Harnly, James M.; Lin, Long-Ze] USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sivasudha, T (reprint author), Bharathidasan Univ, Dept Environm Biotechnol, Tiruchchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India. EM sudha@bdu.ac.in FU University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi FX The financial assistance provided by University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Dr. J. Senthilkumar, Veterinary Surgeon and Dr. R. Banumathi for their assistance in interpretation of histological results. We thank Dr. D. Prabu and Mr.V. Thangapadiyan, Department of Microbiology, ANJA College, Sivakasi for providing S. typhimurium TA100 strain. Finally we sincerely thank DST-FIST for providing instrumentation facility (HPLC and Lyophilizer). NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1756-4646 J9 J FUNCT FOODS JI J. Funct. Food. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.jff.2012.10.019 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 094CV UT WOS:000315241500035 ER PT J AU Yuan, SF Ren, H Liu, N Wang, J Guo, QF AF Yuan, S. F. Ren, H. Liu, N. Wang, J. Guo, Q. F. TI CAN THINNING OF OVERSTOREY TREES AND PLANTING OF NATIVE TREE SAPLINGS INCREASE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIVE TREES IN EXOTIC ACACIA PLANTATIONS IN SOUTH CHINA? SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Subtropical areas; photosynthetic parameters; stand conversion; shade tolerance; soil properties ID DOUGLAS-FIR STANDS; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; TROPICAL FOREST; RESTORATION; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS; SALIGNA AB YUAN SF, REN H, LIU N, WANG J & GUO QE 2013. Can thinning of overstorey trees and planting of native tree saplings increase the establishment of native trees in exotic Acacia plantations in South China? Assessing the effect of thinning of overstorey trees and planting of native trees will be helpful to better understand the vegetation restoration. A stand conversion experiment was conducted in a 12-year-old Acacia auriculiformis plantation in 1996. Treatments were thinning and underplanting, underplandng, thinning, and control. Results showed that thinning enhanced the establishment and growth of underplanted and regenerated native seedlings. The thinning and underplanting treatment reduced soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, soil bulk density and soil water content but increased soil phosphorus and potassium contents. The establishment and growth of underplanted native species depended on their responses to light and soil resources. Thinning increased recolonisation by native species. Since some of the underplanted native trees grow rapidly, the regenerating canopy cover can become dense after thinning, and the density of the new canopy inhibits regeneration of other native tree species. Therefore, moderate thinning should be periodically performed as part of the long-term management of plantation and different thinning intensities can be used to increase spatial variability in the overstorey. The shade tolerance of native species was the most important characteristic in determining the response of the native trees to the treatments. C1 [Yuan, S. F.; Ren, H.; Liu, N.; Wang, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Guo, Q. F.] USDA, Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Yuan, SF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scib.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31170493]; Guangdong Science and Technology Program [2010B060200039] FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170493) and Guangdong Science and Technology Program (2010B060200039). The authors are grateful to Z Li, Z Lin and Y Lin for helpful comments, to L Li, J Li and L Huang for statistical analysis, to H Zhang for soil chemical analysis, and to X Rao, S Liu and W Zhang for field assistance. Thanks are also conveyed to B Jaffee and J Togerson for improving the manuscript. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU FOREST RESEARCH INST MALAYSIA PI KUALA LUMPUR PA PUBLICATION UNIT, KEPONG, KUALA LUMPUR 52109, MALAYSIA SN 0128-1283 J9 J TROP FOR SCI JI J. Trop. For. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 BP 79 EP 95 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095HL UT WOS:000315325200010 ER PT J AU Kastalyeva, TB Girsova, NV Mozhaeva, KA Lee, IM Owens, RA AF Kastalyeva, T. B. Girsova, N. V. Mozhaeva, K. A. Lee, Ing Ming Owens, R. A. TI Molecular properties of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) isolates of the Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd); viroid primary and secondary structure; viroid pathogenicity; mutation frequency ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MILD STRAIN; RNA AB The complete nucleotide sequences of more than 100 isolates of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) collected from locations in the territory of Russia and the former USSR have been determined. These sequences represent 43 individual sequence variants, each containing 1-10 mutations with respect to the "intermediate" or type strain of PSTVd (GenBank Acc. No. V01465). Isolates containing 2-5 mutations were the most common, and 24 sequence variants are described here for the first time. Twenty one isolates contained a mutation found only in Russian and Ukrainian isolates of PSTVd up till now; i.e., replacement of the adenine at position 121 with cytosine (A121C). Many of these isolates contained two mutations-deletion of one of three adenine residues occupying positions 118-120 plus replacement of the adenine at position 121 with either uracil or cytosine (-A120, A121U/C). Both combinations of mutations were phenotypically neutral, i.e. symptom expression in Rutgers tomato was unaffected. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of different PSTVd isolates presented in work together with sequences of other naturally-occurring isolates obtained from Internet databases suggesting that known PSTVd isolates may be divided into four groups: (i) a group of isolates from potato and ornamentals where the type strain of PSTVd (PSTVd.018) may be considered to represent the ancestral sequence, (ii) a second group of isolates from potato and ornamentals where PSTVd.123 play the same role as PSTVd.018 for the first group, and iii) a group of potato isolates where PSTVd.125 is a possible ancestral sequence. The fourth and most divergent group of PSTVd isolates differs significantly from these first three groups. The majority of isolates in this group originate from New Zealand and Australia and infect different solanaceous hosts (tomato, pepper, cape gooseberry, potato, and others). C1 [Kastalyeva, T. B.; Girsova, N. V.; Mozhaeva, K. A.] Russian Res Inst Phytopathol VNIIF, Bolshie Vyaziomy, Moscow Region, Russia. [Lee, Ing Ming; Owens, R. A.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kastalyeva, TB (reprint author), Russian Res Inst Phytopathol VNIIF, Bolshie Vyaziomy, Moscow Region, Russia. EM kastalyeva@VNIIF.ru NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0026-8933 J9 MOL BIOL+ JI Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1134/S0026893312060106 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 095LG UT WOS:000315335300007 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Utt, KD AF Selling, Gordon W. Utt, Kelly D. TI Effect of multiple extrusion passes on zein SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Zein; Degradation; Thermal degradation; Extrusion ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; DEGRADATION; TEMPERATURE; SECONDARY; PROTEINS; MAIZE AB Zein was processed up to seven times using a single screw extruder at a temperature of 145 degrees C and at approximately 15 g per minute to determine the extent of degradation that occurs with multiple extrusion passes. SDS-PAGE shows that with the second pass, and each additional pass, the amount of high molecular weight material increases. Given that a reducing agent reduces the molecular weight of the protein, then this increased molecular weight is predominantly due to disulfide bond formation between proteins. Examination of the secondary structure of the protein using far-UV CD illustrated that after the third pass there was a significant reduction in the amount of alpha-helix and beta-sheet content. Examining the near-UV CD spectra, which reflects changes in protein tertiary structure, illustrates significant changes in structure after the first and second pass through the extruder. IR and NMR spectroscopy revealed small differences with multiple passes through the extruder. Examining color using the delta E scale displays a change in color after four extrusion passes. The physical properties of compression molded samples from each pass are similar with statistical differences being observed only in modulus. While some changes in zein properties can be observed with multiple extrusion passes, if physical properties are of the highest importance, than zein can be processed at least seven times and still provide a quality material. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Selling, Gordon W.; Utt, Kelly D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gordon.selling@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 98 IS 1 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.10.011 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 093DD UT WOS:000315171000023 ER PT J AU Valerio, M Lovelli, S Perniola, M Di Tommaso, T Ziska, L AF Valerio, Maria Lovelli, Stella Perniola, Michele Di Tommaso, Teodoro Ziska, Lewis TI The role of water availability on weedcrop interactions in processing tomato for southern Italy SO ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA SECTION B-SOIL AND PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; gas exchange; leaf water potential; Lycopersicon esculentum; stomatal control; water competition ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMPETITION; INTERFERENCE; IRRIGATION; QUALITY; DROUGHT AB Anthropogenic climate change is projected to increase the occurrence of drought for the Mediterranean region. The aim of this study was to quantify the role of increasing drought on weed-induced crop losses and cropweed interactions for processing tomato grown in southern Italy. Field experiments were carried out during 2008 and 2009. Two levels of water availability were imposed to compare weed competitive effects under irrigated and rainfed conditions on tomato as a means to quantify weedcrop interactions and associated crop losses when water is limited. In this study, the absolute decline in tomato yields by weed interference was a direct function of water applied (rain + irrigation); however, the relative effect of weed biomass on crop loss appeared to increase under drought when compared to irrigated conditions. Overall, these data indicate that the relative decline in tomato fresh weight from weeds was actually greater under drought, and that the relative crop losses (per unit of weed biomass) actually declined as water availability increased. From a management standpoint, these data suggest that if drought occurrences do increase in the Mediterranean region with climate change, there may be a greater need for complete and thorough weed control for this production system. C1 [Valerio, Maria; Lovelli, Stella; Perniola, Michele; Di Tommaso, Teodoro] Univ Basilicata, Dept Crop Syst Forestry & Environm Sci, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Ziska, Lewis] ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, L (reprint author), ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov RI Lovelli, Stella/K-8575-2015 OI Lovelli, Stella/0000-0002-8535-8639 FU CLIMESCO Italian Project [286] FX This research was funded by CLIMESCO Italian Project, contract no. 286 of 20/Feb/2006 (Ministry of University and Research). NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0906-4710 EI 1651-1913 J9 ACTA AGR SCAND B-S P JI Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B-Soil Plant Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 63 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1080/09064710.2012.715184 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 085SE UT WOS:000314633800008 ER PT J AU Wang, B Zheng, FL Romkens, MJM AF Wang, Bin Zheng, Fenli Roemkens, Mathias J. M. TI Comparison of soil erodibility factors in USLE, RUSLE2, EPIC and Dg models based on a Chinese soil erodibility database SO ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA SECTION B-SOIL AND PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Erosion prediction; evaluation; K value estimation; modelling; soil loss ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; POINT AB Soil erodibility (K-value) is a key parameter in erosion prediction and is important for conservation planning in the face of a rising need for protecting the limited land resources. This study investigated the predictive capability of the K-value estimated by Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) and Dg models for different soil regions using a Chinese soil erodibility database covering 51 natural runoff plots. Model performance was evaluated using R 2 (coefficient of determination), relative error (RE), NashSutcliff efficiency (NSE) and P value (MannWhitney U test) statistics. The results showed that the existing four models overestimated almost all the K-values for the Chinese erodibility database, with most observed values concentrated in the range of 0.0150.035. Without calibration, only the USLE and Dg models could be reliable and directly applied for the black soil region and the loess soil region, respectively. The DgOM model (R 2=0.67, n=32) was established by the non-linear best fitting techniques of multiple regression. In the DgOM model, K-values accounted for the vibration in a combination of the D g (geometric mean diameter) and OM (soil organic matter). NSE, R 2 and the average RE was 0.94, 0.67 and 9.5% for the DgOM model's calibration based on the Chinese erodibility database; similar results were found for the validation process, with NSE of 0.93, R 2 of 0.66 and average RE of 6.5%. The model performances showed that the DgOM model reached good' satisfactory level. Compared with the four existing erodibility models, the DgOM model permitted the best parameterization and accuracy, and was proved to be suitable for estimating soil erodibility values in China. C1 [Wang, Bin; Zheng, Fenli] NW A&F Univ, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Coll Resources & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wang, Bin; Zheng, Fenli] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wang, Bin; Zheng, Fenli] MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Roemkens, Mathias J. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Zheng, FL (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Coll Resources & Environm, 26 Xinong Rd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM flzh@ms.iswc.ac.cn OI Wang, Bin/0000-0002-0563-5668 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271299, 40871137]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB407201] FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41271299, 40871137) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB407201). We thank Prof. Yuxi Wang and Prof. Xingyi Zhang who provided request information from Binxian and Hailun field stations. The authors are indebted to Dr Frederic Darboux, Ms Yinghui Guan and the unknown reviewers for their thoughtful comments and valuable suggestions. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 50 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0906-4710 J9 ACTA AGR SCAND B-S P JI Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B-Soil Plant Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 63 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1080/09064710.2012.718358 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 085SE UT WOS:000314633800009 ER PT J AU Matthews, JL Fiscus, EL Smith, RC Heitman, JL AF Matthews, Jessica L. Fiscus, Edwin L. Smith, Ralph C. Heitman, Joshua L. TI Quantifying Plant Age and Available Water Effects on Soybean Leaf Conductance SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; UNITED-STATES; COUPLED LEAF; ELEVATED CO2; SOIL-WATER AB Given the ever-present threat of drought and the knowledge that water availability is the strongest limiting factor in vegetation growth, it is important to characterize the effect of water limitations on agricultural production. In this study, a small field plot technique for controlling soil moisture content suitable for physiological research in moist, humid areas was tested. We characterized the effect of water stress on total leaf conductance (g(l)) for two distinct determinate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes. Based on these findings, a model of g(l) as a function of plant age and soil moisture content was formulated and validated. The dependency of g(l) on plant age was well represented by a parabolic function that increased throughout the vegetative period, peaked around anthesis, and decreased throughout the reproductive period and senescence. A sigmoidal function explained the relation of g(l) to plant-available soil water content. This new empirical model effectively quantifies the response of g(l) to plant-available soil water and plant age with a functional form similar to the abscisic acid related Tardieu-Davies model. C1 [Matthews, Jessica L.] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Fiscus, Edwin L.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fiscus, Edwin L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Smith, Ralph C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Smith, Ralph C.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Heitman, Joshua L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Matthews, JL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM jessica.matthews@noaa.gov RI Matthews, Jessica/D-5478-2014; OI Matthews, Jessica L./0000-0002-6968-3474 FU USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit CRIS [6645-11000-008-00D] FX Funding for E.L. Fiscus was through the USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit CRIS no. 6645-11000-008-00D. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0263 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087FT UT WOS:000314747400004 ER PT J AU Qi, ZM Bartling, PNS Jabro, JD Lenssen, AW Iversen, WM Ahuja, LR Ma, LW Allen, BL Evans, RG AF Qi, Zhiming Bartling, Patricia N. S. Jabro, Jalal D. Lenssen, Andrew W. Iversen, William M. Ahuja, Lajpat R. Ma, Liwang Allen, Brett L. Evans, Robert G. TI Simulating Dryland Water Availability and Spring Wheat Production in the Northern Great Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION STORAGE EFFICIENCY; WINTER-WHEAT; CERES-WHEAT; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; FALLOW SYSTEMS; QUALITY MODEL; HYBRID MODEL; GRAIN YIELD; CORN YIELD AB Agricultural system models are useful tools to synthesize field experimental data and to extrapolate results to longer periods of weather and to other cropping systems. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the effects of crop management practices and tillage on soil water and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in a continuous spring wheat system using the RZWQM2 model (coupled with CERES-Wheat) under a dryland condition, and (ii) to extend the RZWQM2 model results to longer term weather conditions and propose alternate cropping systems and management practices. Measured soil water content, yield, and total aboveground biomass under different tillage and plant management practices were used to calibrate and evaluate the RZWQM2 model. The model showed no impacts of tillage but late planting greatly reduced grain yield and biomass, in agreement with observed differences among treatments. The hydrologic analysis under long-term climate variability showed a large water deficit (32.3 cm) for spring wheat. Fallowing the cropland every other year conserved 4.2 cm of water for the following wheat year, of which only 1.7 cm water was taken up by wheat, resulting in a yield increase of 249 kg ha(-1) (13.7%); however, the annualized mean yield decreased 782 kg ha(-1) (43.1%) due to 1 yr of fallow. Other long-term simulations showed that optimal planting dates ranged from 1 March to 10 April and the seeding rates with optimum economic return were 3.71 and 3.95 x 10(6) seeds ha(-1) for conventional and ecological management treatments, respectively. C1 [Qi, Zhiming; Bartling, Patricia N. S.; Ahuja, Lajpat R.; Ma, Liwang] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Jabro, Jalal D.; Iversen, William M.; Allen, Brett L.; Evans, Robert G.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Lenssen, Andrew W.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Qi, ZM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dep Bioresource Engn, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM zhiming.qi@mcgill.ca NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0203 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087FT UT WOS:000314747400005 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. TI Steer Performance and Pasture Productivity among Five Perennial Warm-Season Grasses SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWING BEEF STEERS; 3 FORAGE MASSES; BIG BLUESTEM; TIFTON-85 BERMUDAGRASS; CAUCASIAN BLUESTEM; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; TALL FESCUE; COASTAL; SWITCHGRASS; YIELD AB Grazing systems in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States typically utilize perennial warm-season grasses. Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] has served this function in the region, but the resulting animal performance has been modest. Steer and pasture performance of three native grasses, big bluestem (BBS) (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), eastern gamagrass (GG) (Tripsacum dactyloides L.), and switchgrass (SG) (Panicum virgatum L.), and an introduced Old World bluestem, Caucasian bluestem (CBS) [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S. T. Blake], were compared during 6 yr with Tifton 44 bermudagrass (BG) as the control. During summer (June-September), steers continuously stocked on the alternative grasses gained similarly (0.73 kg d(-1)) but more rapidly than those grazing BG (0.49 kg d(-1)). Stocking of BG at 9.9 steers ha(-1) was greater than the alternative grasses (5.7 steers ha(-1)), which were similar. Although animal days per hectare were greater for BG, weight gain per hectare was similar (mean = 357 kg ha(-1)) because of the differential gain per day. Canopies of BG and CBS had the least proportion of their mass in leaf (24.5 and 25.0%, respectively) compared with GG (58.2%), BBS (35.6%), and SG (30.9%), with the latter two similar. In general, any one of the grasses can serve as the warm-season component; however, pastures of BBS, GG, SG, and CBS would be more appropriate for growing ruminants, although at a reduced stocking rate, than BG. The latter would provide adequate forage for mature animals. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] Cooperat Invest USDA ARS & N Carolina ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe_burns@ncsu.edu NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0142 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087FT UT WOS:000314747400013 ER PT J AU Nair, S Maas, S Wang, CG Mauget, S AF Nair, Shyam Maas, Stephan Wang, Chenggang Mauget, Steven TI Optimal Field Partitioning for Center-Pivot-Irrigated Cotton in the Texas High Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LINT YIELD; WATER-USE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; WHEAT AB This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the yield or profit from a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) field can be increased by irrigating only a fraction of the field while keeping the rest as dryland when the irrigation water availability is suboptimal. The cotton growth simulation model Cotton2K was used to simulate the lint yield of cotton for different amounts of available irrigation water using historic weather data for the last 110 yr in the Texas High Plains. The data generated were used to evaluate different field partitioning strategies at four different amounts of total available irrigation water (150, 225, 300, and 375 mm). The results revealed that irrigating 30, 45, 55, and 70% of the field were the best strategies to maximize both the lint yield and profit under 150, 225, 300, and 375 mm of available irrigation water, respectively. The field partitioning strategies had a more pronounced impact on effective lint yield and profit when lower amounts of irrigation water were available and under low-rainfall conditions. C1 [Nair, Shyam; Wang, Chenggang] Texas Tech Univ, Dep Agr & Appl Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Maas, Stephan] Texas Tech Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Mauget, Steven] ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79424 USA. RP Nair, S (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dep Agr & Appl Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM shyam.nair@ttu.edu NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 124 EP 133 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0219 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087FT UT WOS:000314747400014 ER PT J AU Wang, J Liu, WZ Dang, TH Sainju, UM AF Wang, Jun Liu, Wen-Zhao Dang, Ting-Hui Sainju, Upendra M. TI Nitrogen Fertilization Effect on Soil Water and Wheat Yield in the Chinese Loess Plateau SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION STORAGE EFFICIENCY; WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; DRYLAND; CROP; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; FERTILITY; SORGHUM; BALANCE AB Long-term N fertilization may increase dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield but also result in adverse effects, e.g., soil acidity development and water storage or increased N leaching. This study examined if long-term N fertilization affected the soil water balance and dryland winter wheat yield. We evaluated the effect of five N fertilization rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha(-1)) on the soil water balance, precipitation-storage efficiency (PSE), winter wheat yield, and water-use efficiency (WUE) from 2005 to 2010 in an experiment initiated in 1984 in a Heilutu silt loam in the Loess Plateau of China. Soil water contents at wheat planting and harvest were lower with N fertilization than without. Nitrogen fertilization increased soil water storage during the fallow period (SWSF) from 19 to 22%, water uptake during the growing season from 21 to 25%, PSE from 19 to 22%, and evapotranspiration from 7 to 8% compared to no N fertilization. Increased N rate enhanced soil organic C but had no impact on soil pH in 2005. Wheat yield increased up to 244% and WUE to 220% as the N rate increased. Although more soil water was depleted, N fertilization increased winter wheat yield and WUE by enhancing SWSF and PSE, and increased the water holding capacity by increasing soil organic matter compared to no N fertilization. Long-term N fertilization can increase winter wheat yield by utilizing soil water more efficiently, with minimum impact on soil acidity, in the Chinese Loess Plateau. C1 [Wang, Jun] Northwest Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Xian 710127, Shaanxi Provinc, Peoples R China. [Liu, Wen-Zhao; Dang, Ting-Hui] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Provinc, Peoples R China. [Sainju, Upendra M.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41171033]; Special-Funds of Scientific Research Programs of State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau [10502-Z10] FX We appreciate the funding for this project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 41171033) and Special-Funds of Scientific Research Programs of State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (no. 10502-Z10). NR 31 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0067 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087FT UT WOS:000314747400016 ER PT J AU Brennan, EB Boyd, NS Smith, RF AF Brennan, Eric B. Boyd, Nathan S. Smith, Richard F. TI Winter Cover Crop Seeding Rate and Variety Effects during Eight Years of Organic Vegetables: III. Cover Crop Residue Quality and Nitrogen Mineralization SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS; SOIL PROPERTIES; CARBON; YIELD; MONOCULTURES; MIXTURES; ACCUMULATION; DYNAMICS; RYE AB Winter cover crops (CCs) can improve nutrient-use efficiency in tillage-intensive cropping systems. Shoot residue quality and soil mineral N following incorporation of rye (Secale cereale L.), legume-rye, and mustard CCs was determined in December to February or March during the first 8 yr of the Salinas Organic Cropping Systems trial in Salinas, CA. Legume-rye included Vicia faba L., V. sativa L., V. benghalensis L., Pisum sativum L., and rye; mustard included Sinapis alba L. and Brassica juncea Czern. Cover crops were planted in the fall at standard and three times higher seeding rates (SRs) before vegetables annually. Significant CC x year interactions occurred for C and N concentrations and C/N ratios of CC shoots. In general, C concentrations were higher in rye and legume-rye, N concentrations were higher in mustard and legume-rye, and C/N ratios were higher in rye. During the season, C concentrations and C/N ratios tended to increase, whereas N concentrations decreased. Compared with rye and mustard, legume-rye residue quality changed least during each season. Increasing the SR reduced N concentrations and increased C/N ratios; however, the effect varied with time and by residue. Following CC incorporation, soil mineral N varied between years and CC and was typically highest following legume-rye or mustard and lowest without CC. Rainfall aft er CC incorporation reduced soil N one year, suggesting that leaching occurred. We conclude that mustard and legume-rye produce higher quality residue that will decompose more rapidly and minimize tillage challenges for subsequent vegetables but may be more prone to post-incorporation N leaching. C1 [Brennan, Eric B.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Boyd, Nathan S.] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Smith, Richard F.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. RP Brennan, EB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM eric.brennan@ars.usda.gov FU University of California Specialty Crops Research Program FX The authors thank (1) Patrick Headley, Cristal Cisneros, Joel Thomas, Adriana Marquez, Jared Burchard, and Jose Rico for laboratory and field assistance; (2) Geraldo Ochoa, David Lara, and Jim Leap for assistance with planting the cover crops; (3) David Lara, Jose Orozco, and Jim Leap for assistance with harvesting and incorporating covers crops; and (4) Bruce Makey for statistical assistance. The first 2.5 yr of this study was partially funded by a grant from the University of California Specialty Crops Research Program. We appreciate the input on the design of the trial from Michael Cahn, Steve Fennimore, Hoard Ferris, and Laura Tourte. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 64 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0258 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087FT UT WOS:000314747400019 ER PT J AU Yost, MA Coulter, JA Russelle, MP AF Yost, Matt A. Coulter, Jeffrey A. Russelle, Michael P. TI First-Year Corn after Alfalfa Showed No Response to Fertilizer Nitrogen under No-Tillage SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-NITROGEN; NITRATE TEST; AVAILABILITY AB Although fertilizer N response of first-year corn (Zea mays L.) following alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been reported for more than 350 site-years of research, N responses under no-tillage have been reported for only 17 site-years. To determine the rate of N fertilizer required for first-year corn aft er alfalfa in no-tillage systems, on-farm experiments were conducted at seven locations in southern Minnesota and southwestern Wisconsin. The accuracy of the presidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) and basal stalk nitrate test (BSNT) to identify the need for supplemental N in first-year, no-tillage corn also was evaluated. Across seven site-years, no yield response to fertilizer N was observed for corn grain, cob, stover, or silage yield, confirming that alfalfa N credits can supply the entire N requirement of no-tillage corn following alfalfa. Critical levels of PSNT used in other U. S. Corn Belt states, incorrectly predicted responses to supplemental N at all six locations where PSNT was measured (soil NO3-N concentrations were <= 18 mg kg(-1)), suggesting that critical levels may need to be reduced in no-tillage corn following alfalfa. In this first report under no-tillage conditions, the BSNT concentrations in nonfertilized corn aft er alfalfa were in the marginal range at two locations (between 250 and 700 mg NO3-N kg(-1)) and optimum or above at the other five locations, indicating that the BSNT incorrectly characterized N supply in two of seven cases. C1 [Yost, Matt A.; Coulter, Jeffrey A.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Russelle, Michael P.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Yost, MA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM yostx051@umn.edu FU North Central Region-Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program; Minnesota Agriculture Water Resource Center; Hueg-Harrison Fellowship FX This research was supported by the North Central Region-Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, the Minnesota Agriculture Water Resource Center, and the Hueg-Harrison Fellowship. The authors appreciate the help from several extension educators, state agency personnel, and private consultants to identify potential cooperators, and the technical help from Ryan Maher, Eric Ristau, Jean Dos Santos, Diogo Naves, Robert Renier, Daniel Silveira, Tamas Varga, Isaias de Mambro, and seven growers. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0334 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087FT UT WOS:000314747400023 ER PT J AU Marshall, JM Smith, EL Mech, R Storer, AJ AF Marshall, Jordan M. Smith, Eric L. Mech, Roger Storer, Andrew J. TI Estimates of Agrilus planipennis Infestation Rates and Potential Survival of Ash SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BORER COLEOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; BUPRESTIDAE; SCOLYTIDAE; TREE; ATTACKS; DENSITY; FOREST; BEETLE AB The invasive forest pest, Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer, Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has caused significant mortality of ash (Fraxinus spp.) in southeastern Michigan, USA, where this pest is thought to have been originally introduced into North America. Phloem feeding by A. planipennis larvae leads to girdling of the host tree, which has resulted in the death of millions of ash trees in invaded landscapes. A survey of ash over a large geographic area was used to estimate numbers of dead and infested ash at a landscape scale within Indiana, Michigan and Ohio. Over 50 million ash trees infested with A. planipennis were estimated in the study area. This represented less than 20% of the ash trees at this broad landscape scale. We used an aerial survey with digital sketchmapping to identify individual and clusters of ash trees that were potentially alive in Oakland and Wayne Counties, Michigan, where A. planipennis is believed to have been active the longest. Diameters at breast height (DBH) and bark roughness were compared between live trees and the closest dead tree. Over 200 live trees were identified within five Huron-Clinton Metroparks, with 65% of these expressing signs and symptoms of A. planipennis attack. Trees that had succumbed to A. planipennis attack had significantly rougher bark than those trees that had survived, while DBH did not differ between the two groups. The probability of ash mortality increased with increasing bark roughness. Bark roughness provides insight into the potential survival of ash within forests. This case-control study, in addition to the estimates of infestation, establishes a baseline and the need to identify further individual and environmental characteristics that facilitate ash survival in the presence of A. planipennis. C1 [Marshall, Jordan M.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Smith, Eric L.] US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team Forest Hlth P, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Mech, Roger] Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Storer, Andrew J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Marshall, JM (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. EM marshalj@ipfw.edu RI Marshall, Jordan/B-1934-2009 OI Marshall, Jordan/0000-0001-6024-3758 FU United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northeastern Area Forest Health Protection FX Funding for this study was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northeastern Area Forest Health Protection. We would like to thank Melissa J. Porter for field assistance and the Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority for access to the Metroparks. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 68 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 169 IS 1 BP 179 EP 193 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 069XF UT WOS:000313469700015 ER PT J AU Whitby, M Bergeson, S Carter, T Rutan, S McClanahan, R AF Whitby, Michael Bergeson, Scott Carter, Timothy Rutan, Stephanie McClanahan, Rod TI The Discovery of a Reproductive Population of Eastern Small-footed bat, Myotis leibii, in Southern Illinois Using a Novel Survey Method SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB The only previous reported record of eastern small-footed bats (Myotis leibii) in Illinois was from a 2005 discovery of two individuals under a rock at the Fink Sandstone barrens of Shawnee National Forest (SNF). In Jun. 2011, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service requested information on the species to review potential listing under the Endangered Species Act. In response, managers at the SNF initiated a survey to determine if a resident population of eastern small-footed bats exists on the forest. We surveyed the SNF within Pope and Johnson Counties from 25 Jul.-16 Aug. 2011 by searching for day roosts under loose rocks on exposed rock outcrops. We discovered 29 individuals, including post lactating females and juveniles, along rock outcrops surrounding the 2005 site. While, the extent of M. leibii occurrence in Illinois is still poorly understood, our survey suggests that a resident breeding population occurs within the southern tip of the state. C1 [Whitby, Michael; Bergeson, Scott; Carter, Timothy; Rutan, Stephanie] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [McClanahan, Rod] USFS, Vienna, IL 62995 USA. RP Whitby, M (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM mdwhitby@bsu.edu FU Shawnee National Forest FX Funding was provided by the Shawnee National Forest. We thank B. Shimp, SNF, and M. McCann for their help in the field and the anonymous reviewers who contributed greatly to improving this manuscript. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 169 IS 1 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 069XF UT WOS:000313469700019 ER PT J AU Satar, S Kersting, U Yokomi, R AF Satar, S. Kersting, U. Yokomi, R. TI Presence of two host races of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) collected in Turkey SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cotton aphid; host adaptation; host change; host races; melon aphid ID COTTON APHID; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; LIFE-HISTORY; HOMOPTERA; PLANT; TEMPERATURE; FECUNDITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPERIENCE; EVOLUTION AB The aphid, Aphis gossypii, is a primary pest of citrus, cotton, cucurbits and greenhouse-grown vegetables in Turkey and throughout Europe. There is some previous empirical data suggesting that host-adapted genotypes of this aphid exist which may in fact be host-races. To determine if host races of A. gossypii are indeed present in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey, reciprocal host transfer experiments and life table analyses were performed with multiple asexual lineages (= clones) of the aphid collected from different hosts. The collection hosts included citrus, cucumber, eggplant, okra, sweet pepper and cotton. Aphid developmental times on the host from which the aphid was originally collected (= collection or natal host) were shorter (5.2-6.0 days) and had a higher intrinsic rate of population growth (r(m) = 0.25-0.44) than the 6.6-7.3 days required when the aphid was reared on a non-original collection host (= non-collection host or non-natal host) and had r(m) = 0.03-0.30. Total immature mortality of the cotton clone, especially in the first nymphal stage, was high (51-100%) with low r(m) (0-0.03) on cucumber, citrus and sweet pepper. Aphid populations transferred from citrus, eggplant and okra to cotton (r(m) = 0.29-0.30) did not differ significantly in their performance from that of the cotton population on cotton (r(m) = 0.34), whereas that from sweet pepper and cucumber populations (r(m) = 0.22-0.24) were significantly lower. These data have allowed us to separate A. gossypii into two distinct biological groups: (a) a 'generalist' population obtained from cucumber, sweet pepper, citrus, eggplant and okra which exhibited statistically better development on cotton; versus (b) a population from cotton which, by comparison on reciprocal hosts, developed poorly on non-natal hosts except on eggplant. Development of the cotton clone on cucumber and okra was not improved after four successive generations on the non-natal host. The good development of A. gossypii from eggplant and cotton on these reciprocal hosts suggests that these particular clones were similar, if not identical, host races. C1 [Satar, S.] Cukurova Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. [Yokomi, R.] ARS, USDA, SJVASC, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Yokomi, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SJVASC, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM ray.yokomi@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2013 VL 162 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2012.00578.x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 089KK UT WOS:000314909200004 ER PT J AU Ding, Y Wu, W Wei, W Davis, RE Lee, IM Hammond, RW Sheng, JP Shen, L Jiang, Y Zhao, Y AF Ding, Y. Wu, W. Wei, W. Davis, R. E. Lee, I. -M. Hammond, R. W. Sheng, J. P. Shen, L. Jiang, Y. Zhao, Y. TI Potato purple top phytoplasma-induced disruption of gibberellin homeostasis in tomato plants SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Big bud; feedback regulation; gibberellin homeostasis; gibberellin metabolism genes; potato purple top phytoplasma; tomato ID TRANSMITTED VIRESCENCE AGENT; FEEDBACK-REGULATION; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE-EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; INFECTION; DEACTIVATION; ARABIDOPSIS; METABOLISM AB Phytoplasmas are phloem-inhabiting, cell wall-less bacteria that cause numerous plant diseases worldwide. Plants infected by phytoplasmas often exhibit various symptoms indicative of hormonal imbalance. In this study, we investigated the effects of potato purple top (PPT) phytoplasma infection on gibberellin homeostasis in tomato plants. We found that PPT phytoplasma infection caused a significant reduction in endogenous levels of gibberellic acid (GA(3)). The decrease in GA(3) content in diseased plants was correlated with down regulation of genes responsible for biosynthesis of bioactive GAs (GA20ox1 and GA3ox1) and genes involved in formation of GA precursors [geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPS) and copalyldiphosphate synthase (CPS)]. Exogenous application of GA(3) at 200 mu mol L-1 was able to restore the GA content in infected plants to levels comparable to those in healthy controls, and to attenuate the characteristic 'big bud' symptoms induced by the phytoplasma. The interesting observation that PPT phytoplasma-infected plants had prolonged low expression of key GA biosynthesis genes GA20ox1 and GA3ox1 under GA deficiency conditions led us to hypothesise that there was a diminished sensitivity of the GA metabolism feedback regulation, especially GA biosynthesis negative feedback regulation, in those affected plants, and such diminished sensitization in early stages of infection may represent a central element of the phytoplasma-induced disruption of GA homeostasis and pathogenesis. C1 [Ding, Y.; Sheng, J. P.; Shen, L.] China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Ding, Y.; Wu, W.; Wei, W.; Davis, R. E.; Lee, I. -M.; Hammond, R. W.; Jiang, Y.; Zhao, Y.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wei, W.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2013 VL 162 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1111/aab.12008 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 089KK UT WOS:000314909200013 ER PT J AU Jones, G Loeffler, D Butler, E Hummel, S Chung, W AF Jones, Greg Loeffler, Dan Butler, Edward Hummel, Susan Chung, Woodam TI The financial feasibility of delivering forest treatment residues to bioenergy facilities over a range of diesel fuel and delivered biomass prices SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Woody biomass; Bioenergy; Logging residues; Biomass supply; Biomass price; Biomass cost ID UNITED-STATES; TREES; MANAGEMENT; COST; REDUCTION; ENERGY AB Forest treatments have the potential to produce significant quantities of forest residue biomass, which includes the tops and limbs from merchantable trees and smaller trees removed to meet management objectives. We spatially analyzed the sensitivity of financially feasible biomass volumes for delivery to a bioenergy facility across 16 combinations of delivered biomass and diesel prices for a 515,900 ha area in western Montana. At the lowest delivered biomass price analyzed, $31.52 per oven dried tonne (ODT), 28% of the potential volume was financially feasible at the lowest diesel price, $0.053 L-1, dropping off to 6% of the volume at the highest diesel price analyzed, $1.32 L-1. With a 50% increase in delivered biomass price to $47.28 ODT-1, feasibility increased to 88% at the $0.53 L-1 diesel price, dropping to 36% of the volume at the $1.32 L-1 diesel price. Another 50% increase in delivered biomass price to $63.05 ODT-1 resulted in the feasible volume converging on the total potential volume at the lower diesel prices, and at the highest delivered price, $78.81 ODT-1, nearly all potentially available biomass is financially feasible even at the highest diesel fuel price analyzed. Haul was almost entirely restricted to paved roads closest to the bioenergy facility at the lowest delivered biomass price. As delivered price increased, feasible volume expanded further into areas accessed by unpaved roads as well as paved roads further from the bioenergy facility. Results show that financial feasibility is much more sensitive to changes in delivered biomass prices than diesel prices. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jones, Greg] US Forest Serv, Human Dimens Sci Program, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Loeffler, Dan] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Forest Serv,USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Butler, Edward] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Hummel, Susan] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Chung, Woodam] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Jones, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Human Dimens Sci Program, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM jgjones@fs.fed.us; drloeffler@fs.fed.us; ebbutler@fs.fed.us; shummel@fs.fed.us; woodam.chung@umontana.edu FU USDA Forest Service National Fire Plan Research and Development Program FX Financial support for this research came from the USDA Forest Service National Fire Plan Research and Development Program. This study sponsor did not contribute in the study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.11.023 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 091WA UT WOS:000315079300019 ER PT J AU Kruk, MC Marra, JJ Ruggiero, P Atkinson, D Merrifield, M Levinson, D Lander, M AF Kruk, Michael C. Marra, John J. Ruggiero, Peter Atkinson, David Merrifield, Mark Levinson, David Lander, Mark TI PACIFIC STORMS CLIMATOLOGY PRODUCTS (PSCP) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXTREMES; TRENDS C1 [Kruk, Michael C.] ERT Corp, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Marra, John J.] NOAA, Integrated Data & Environm Applicat Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Atkinson, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Atkinson, David] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Merrifield, Mark] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Levinson, David] US Forest Serv, USDA, Redding, CA USA. [Lander, Mark] Univ Guam, Mangilao, GU USA. RP Kruk, MC (reprint author), ERT Corp, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM michael.kruk@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 94 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00075.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 087QG UT WOS:000314776500003 ER PT J AU Urgenson, LS Halpern, CB Anderson, PD AF Urgenson, Lauren S. Halpern, Charles B. Anderson, Paul D. TI Twelve-year responses of planted and naturally regenerating conifers to variable-retention harvest in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GREEN-TREE RETENTION; DOUGLAS-FIR; DISPERSED-RETENTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GROWTH-RESPONSES; VARYING LEVELS; OLD-GROWTH; FORESTS; OVERSTORY; PATTERNS AB We studied patterns of conifer regeneration over 12 years as part of a regional-scale experiment in variable-retention harvest in the Pacific Northwest, the DEMO Study. We compared survival and height growth of planted conifers and density and seral composition of natural regeneration among treatments with differing retention levels (15% versus 40%) and patterns (dispersed versus aggregated) replicated across a range of latitudes and forest zones. We also assessed plot-scale relationships of natural regeneration with overstory density and basal area, competing vegetation, and slash accumulations. Early (1- to 2-year) survival of planted seedlings was greater in dispersed treatments (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don, Abies spp.) or unaffected by retention level or pattern (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Later (5- to 12-year) survival did not differ (all species), but growth was distinctly reduced in dispersed treatments and (or) at higher levels of retention. Density of natural regeneration was 1.5-2.5 times greater in dispersed treatments than in the cleared areas of aggregated treatments. Low-level dispersed retention promoted Pseudotsuga, the early-seral dominant, presumably by enhancing seed rain within a relatively high-light environment. Dispersed retention favored late-seral conifers. The ability to manipulate retention pattern and level to influence regeneration density and composition provides managers with flexibility in developing structurally complex and compositionally diverse forests. C1 [Urgenson, Lauren S.; Halpern, Charles B.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anderson, Paul D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Urgenson, LS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lsu@uw.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank our many field assistants and S. Evans, in particular, for data collection. G. Spycher, D. Mainwairing, and S. Evans contributed to database management. For logistical assistance, we thank R. Abbott, D. Allaway, R. Bigley, P. Holmberg, J. Hotvedt, S. Macmeeken, J. Nakae, E. Tompkins, and J. White. J. Nakae and two anonymous reviewers provided critical comments on earlier drafts of this paper. This is a product of the Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) Study, a joint effort of the USDA Forest Service Region 6 and Pacific Northwest Research Station. Research partners include the University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Oregon, Gifford Pinchot and Umpqua National Forests, and the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/rmp/demo/). Funds were provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 33 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 43 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2012-0323 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 089OC UT WOS:000314918900006 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Fried, JS Albers, HJ Haight, RG AF Lee, Yohan Fried, Jeremy S. Albers, Heidi J. Haight, Robert G. TI Deploying initial attack resources for wildfire suppression: spatial coordination, budget constraints, and capacity constraints SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION PLANNING-MODEL; WILDLAND FIRE SUPPRESSION; STOCHASTIC REPRESENTATION; FOREST FIRES; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; CONTAINMENT; AIRTANKERS; ALLOCATION AB We combine a scenario-based, standard-response optimization model with stochastic simulation to improve the efficiency of resource deployment for initial attack on wildland fires in three planning units in California. The optimization model minimizes the expected number of fires that do not receive a standard response-defined as the number of resources by type that must arrive at the fire within a specified time limit-subject to budget and station capacity constraints and uncertainty about the daily number and location of fires. We use the California Fire Economics Simulator to predict the number of fires not contained within initial attack modeling limits. Compared with the current deployment, the deployment obtained with optimization shifts resources from the planning unit with highest fire load to the planning unit with the highest standard response requirements but leaves simulated containment success unchanged. This result suggests that, under the current budget and capacity constraints, a range of deployments may perform equally well in terms of fire containment. Resource deployments that result from relaxing constraints on station capacity achieve greater containment success by encouraging consolidation of resources into stations with high dispatch frequency, thus increasing the probability of resource availability on high fire count days. C1 [Lee, Yohan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fried, Jeremy S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Albers, Heidi J.] Oregon State Univ, Appl Econ FES, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yohan.lee@oregonstate.edu FU US Forest Service Northern Research Station; National Fire Plan; USFS-OSU [07-JV-11242300-086] FX We are grateful to Jim Spero, Bill Holmes, and Douglas M. Ferro of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection and Lewis Ntaimo of Texas A&M University for valuable discussions and suggestions. We thank the Associate Editor and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. Research funding was provided by the US Forest Service Northern Research Station and the National Fire Plan. We also gratefully acknowledge the USFS-OSU 07-JV-11242300-086's funding for Y. Lee to pursue his doctoral degree. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 43 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2011-0433 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 089OC UT WOS:000314918900007 ER PT J AU Butler, BW Ottmar, RD Rupp, TS Jandt, R Miller, E Howard, K Schmoll, R Theisen, S Vihnanek, RE Jimenez, D AF Butler, B. W. Ottmar, R. D. Rupp, T. S. Jandt, R. Miller, E. Howard, K. Schmoll, R. Theisen, S. Vihnanek, R. E. Jimenez, D. TI Quantifying the effect of fuel reduction treatments on fire behavior in boreal forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST AB Mechanical (e.g., shearblading) and manual (e.g., thinning) fuel treatments have become the preferred strategy of many fire managers and agencies for reducing fire hazard in boreal forests. This study attempts to characterize the effectiveness of four fuel treatments through direct measurement of fire intensity and forest floor consumption during a single prescribed burn. The treatments included (1) thinning trees and removing debris (THIN-REMOVE-1 and -2), (2) thinning trees and burning the debris onsite, (3) shearblading and leaving the debris in place (SHEAR), and (4) shearblading and piling the debris in windrows (SHEAR-ROW). Fire burned through treatments 1, 3, and 4 and one control unit. The highest fire intensities (maximum temperature of 1150 degrees C, maximum heat flux of 227 kW.m(-2), and fire cumulative energy release of 4277 J.m(-2)) were measured in the control. Treatment 1 exhibited a peak temperature of 267 degrees C, peak heating of 16 kW.m(-2), and cumulative energy release of 2600 J.m(-2). Treatments 3 and 4 exhibited peak temperatures of 170 and 66 degrees C, peak heating of 51 and 3 kW.m(-2), and cumulative energy release of 2500 and 1800 J.m(-2), respectively. The thinned treatment showed the most significant impact in the context of reduced heat release. C1 [Butler, B. W.; Jimenez, D.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. [Ottmar, R. D.; Vihnanek, R. E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Rupp, T. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Jandt, R.] BLM Alaska Fire Serv, Enterprise, OR 97828 USA. [Miller, E.; Howard, K.; Theisen, S.] Alaska Fire Serv, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. [Schmoll, R.] Alaska State Div Forestry, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Butler, BW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Hwy 10 W, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. EM bwbutler@fs.fed.us RI Jandt, Randi/E-9018-2013 FU Joint Fire Science Program; Bureau of Land Management; Alaska Fire Service; State of Alaska FX This research was accomplished with financial support from the Joint Fire Science Program and logistical and financial support from the Bureau of Land Management, Alaska Fire Service, and State of Alaska. Technical support from P. Sopko, K. Shannon, and J. Forthofer is also appreciated. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 43 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2012-0234 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 089OC UT WOS:000314918900011 ER PT J AU Johnson, DA Baker, R Boydston, RA AF Johnson, Dennis A. Baker, Ray Boydston, Rick A. TI Field evaluation of mutant and hybrid lines of mint for resistance to Verticillium wilt and yield SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Verticillium wilt; Soilborne fungus; Mint ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; HOST-RANGE; DAHLIAE; PATHOGENICITY; SOIL; PEPPERMINT; SURVIVAL; STRAINS; DISEASE; POTATO AB Mint lines that were previously identified with low wilt-severity values in the greenhouse were evaluated for resistance to Verticillium wilt and yield in the field in the presence of naturally occurring inoculum and in plots artificially infested with the soilborne fungus. Severity of Verticillium wilt varied significantly among mint lines and cultivars in the inoculated and non-inoculated sub-plots in two field trials. Verticillium wilt was significantly less severe for mutant lines 87M0109-1, 84M0107-7, and M90-11 than for Black Mitcham in 2002 and 2003. Verticillium wilt was significantly less severe for mutant line M83-14 and for Murray Mitcham than for Black Mitcham in 2003 and 2004. At the completion of the first trial, fresh hay yields of both peppermint hybrids 87M0109-1 and 84M0107-7 and peppermint mutant M90-11 were significantly higher than the standards Black Mitcham and Redefined Murray Mitcham. Oil yield in the first trial of standard Black Mitcham declined in years 3 and 4, while the decline in oil yield was less dramatic with the other four peppermint lines. In the second trial, hay yields of both B90-9 and M83-14 were comparable to, but not significantly different from Black Mitcham and Redefined Murray Mitcham. Line 92(B-37 x M0110)-1 yielded significantly less oil than all peppermint lines including both standards Black Mitcham and Redefined Murray Mitcham in six of the seven cuttings in the second trial. Verticillium rating of the lines and cultivars inoculated in trials from a previous greenhouse study were highly correlated with the Verticillium wilt rating of the lines and cultivars the second and third years when inoculated in both field nurseries in this study. Verticillium wilt resistance and yield can be improved in commercial mint cultivars and form a basis for managing the disease. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Dennis A.; Baker, Ray] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Boydston, Rick A.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Johnson, DA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dajohn@wsu.edu FU Washington Mint Commission; Mint Industry Research Council FX We thank Jeremiah Dung and Lyndon Porter for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank the Washington Mint Commission and the Mint Industry Research Council for financial support. PPNS No. 0597, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Agricultural Research Center, Project No. WNPO 0678, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 43 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.08.010 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067PY UT WOS:000313308800001 ER PT J AU Chellemi, DO Mirusso, J Ajwa, HA Sullivan, DA Unruh, JB AF Chellemi, Dan O. Mirusso, John Ajwa, Husein A. Sullivan, David A. Unruh, J. Bryan TI Fumigant persistence and emission from soil under multiple field application scenarios SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Fumigant emissions; Low disturbance technology; Soil fumigation; Virtually impermeable film ID AGRICULTURAL FUMIGANTS; METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; ORGANIC-MATTER; RAISED-BED; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; CHLOROPICRIN; TOMATO; VOLATILIZATION; SYSTEMS; PERMEABILITY AB Chemical fumigants are routinely used for soil disinfestation of high value crops. Good agricultural practices (GAPS) are needed to reduce their human health risks, environmental impacts, and improve their cost-effectiveness. This study investigated the effect of fumigant application methods on soil persistence and emission of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP). Field experiments were conducted to measure the individual and combined effects of pre-application tillage practices, fumigant application technology, and plastic films on 1,3-D soil concentrations to obtain a numerical index (CT value) to estimate their potential for pest control efficacy and to compare soil persistence, atmospheric flux rate, and cumulative emission of CP and 1,3-D under two diverse application scenarios. Greater 1,3-D soil vapor concentrations were observed by combining a pre-application soil seal with low soil disturbance application technology when compared to pre-application soil tillage and the use of back-swept application shanks. Under high density polyethylene plastic, the low disturbance scenario resulted in time weighted exposure concentration (CT) values ranging from 6.8 to 12.2 mu g h cm(-3) of soil as compared to CT values ranging from 2.9 to 5.4 mu g h cm(-3) under the conventional application scenario. Cumulative atmospheric emission of 1,3-D was decreased by 18% under the low disturbance scenario and atmospheric emission of CP by 21% when compared to a conventional application scenario. This study identified GAPs that can be readily implemented in the field to reduce the human and environmental impacts of soil fumigants and improve their cost-effectiveness under solid-tarp (broadcast) applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chellemi, Dan O.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Mirusso, John] Mirusso Enterprises Inc, Delray Beach, FL 33446 USA. [Ajwa, Husein A.] Univ Calif, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Sullivan, David A.] Sullivan Environm Consulting Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Unruh, J. Bryan] Univ Florida, W Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Jay, FL USA. RP Chellemi, DO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM dan.chellemi@ars.usda.gov OI Unruh, Bryan/0000-0003-3621-7861 FU USDA, ARS Area-Wide Pest Management Project; USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs; Florida Specialty Crops Foundation FX Appreciation is expressed to Scott Yates and Qiaoping Zhang at the USDA, ARS for the measurement of fumigant diffusion through the plastic films. Thanks are extended to Nick Rotindo, Randy Driggers, Mike Bobb, Taylor Ivy and Jerry Johnson for technical support and Jamie Tedder of Bethel Farms for logistical support. This study was supported financially with funds from the USDA, ARS Area-Wide Pest Management Project, the USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs, and the Florida Specialty Crops Foundation. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 43 BP 94 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.09.012 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067PY UT WOS:000313308800015 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Hesler, LS Clay, SA Fausti, SF AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Hesler, Louis S. Clay, Sharon A. Fausti, Scott F. TI Insect communities in soybeans of eastern South Dakota: The effects of vegetation management and pesticides on soybean aphids, bean leaf beetles, and their natural enemies SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Cover crop; Integrated pest management; Orius insidiosus; Predator; Systems; Weed ID POD-MOTTLE-VIRUS; POTATO LEAFHOPPER HOMOPTERA; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS; COVER-CROP; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; GLYCINES MATSUMURA; ALLELOCHEMICAL CONTENT; GENERALIST PREDATOR; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WEED MANAGEMENT AB Although most pests of soybeans, Gycine max (L), in the Northern Great Plains are managed using pesticides, farm management practices that encourage biodiversity offer promising long-term, sustainable solutions for controlling insect and weed pests profitably. The recent invasion of the Northern Great Plains by the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura; Hemiptera: Aphididae) has had potentially important implications for insect communities in soybeans of this region, although recent descriptions of this regional community are scarce. We describe how three pest management systems that vary in the intensity with which they rely on herbicides and insecticides (chemically intensive, reduced chemical, and spring cover crop treatments) affect insect pest populations, arthropod predator communities, weed assemblages,, and soybean yield and profitability. Soybean aphids exceeded economic thresholds in all three years, and insecticides successfully suppressed these, outbreaks in the two chemical treatments; aphids exceeded the economic injury level in the cover crop treatment in two of three study years. Bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata Forster; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations were sub-economic in all treatments; insecticides targeting soybean aphid also reduced bean leaf beetles in the first year of study when beetle populations were at their highest. Foliar-dwelling predator populations were substantially higher in the cover crop treatment than in the chemical treatments in all years of study; population declines in the latter treatments were strongly associated with insecticide applications targeting soybean aphids. Foliar predator populations did not rebound within the growing season after insecticides were applied. Soil predator populations were largely unaffected by treatment (except in 2006, when they were more abundant in the cover crop treatment than in the chemical treatments). Weed communities varied among treatments and study years, with few consistent trends except that the chemically intensive treatment had lower weed densities than the other treatments. Although input costs of the cover crop and reduced chemical treatments were lower than the chemically intensive treatment, the chemically intensive treatment was the most profitable of the three. Nevertheless, we contend that the cover crops can be managed more efficiently in order to increase the profitability and competitiveness of this treatment while gaining the long-term benefits gleaned from conserving biodiversity in our agroecosystems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Hesler, Louis S.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab NCARL, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Clay, Sharon A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Fausti, Scott F.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Econ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab NCARL, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jonathan.Lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 84 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 43 BP 104 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.08.005 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067PY UT WOS:000313308800016 ER PT J AU Behrman, KD Kiniry, JR Winchell, M Juenger, TE Keitt, TH AF Behrman, Kathrine D. Kiniry, James R. Winchell, Michael Juenger, Thomas E. Keitt, Timothy H. TI Spatial forecasting of switchgrass productivity under current and future climate change scenarios SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ALMANAC model; biofuel; biomass; environmental change; Panicum virgatum; precipitation; switchgrass; temperature; United States ID X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; BIOENERGY FEEDSTOCK; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; ALAMO SWITCHGRASS; DIVERSE SITES; ALMANAC MODEL; GREAT-PLAINS; LAND-USE; POPULATIONS AB Evaluating the potential of alternative energy crops across large geographic regions, as well as over time, is a necessary component to determining if biofuel production is feasible and sustainable in the face of growing production demands and climatic change. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a native perennial herbaceous grass, is a promising candidate for cellulosic feedstock production. In this study, current and future (from 2080 to 2090) productivity is estimated across the central and eastern United States using ALMANAC, a mechanistic model that simulates plant growth over time. The ALMANAC model was parameterized for representative ecotypes of switchgrass. Our results indicate substantial variation in switchgrass productivity both within regions and over time. States along the Gulf Coast, southern Atlantic Coast, and in the East North Central Midwest have the highest current biomass potential. However, these areas also contain critical wetland habitat necessary for the maintenance of biodiversity and agricultural lands necessary for food production. The southern United States is predicted to have the largest decrease in future biomass production. The Great Plains are expected to experience large increases in productivity by 2080-2090 due to climate change. In general, regions where future temperature and precipitation are predicted to increase are also where larger future biomass production is expected. In contrast, regions that show a future decrease in precipitation are associated with smaller future biomass production. Switchgrass appears to be a promising biofuel crop for the central and eastern United States, with local biomass predicted to be high (>10 Mg/ha) for similar to 50% of the area studied for each climate scenario. In order to minimize land conversion and loss of biodiversity, areas that currently have and maintain high productivity under climate change should be targeted for their long-term growth potential. C1 [Behrman, Kathrine D.; Juenger, Thomas E.; Keitt, Timothy H.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Behrman, Kathrine D.; Kiniry, James R.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Winchell, Michael] Stone Environm Inc, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. RP Behrman, KD (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn,C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kate.behrman@ars.usda.gov FU Plant Genome Research Program [NSF IOS-0922457] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a Plant Genome Research Program Grant to T. E. Juenger and T. H. Keitt (NSF IOS-0922457). NR 55 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 23 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 092FM UT WOS:000315104800007 PM 23495637 ER PT J AU Humber, RA Rocha, LFN Inglis, PW Kipnis, A Luz, C AF Humber, Richard A. Rocha, Luiz F. N. Inglis, Peter W. Kipnis, Andre Luz, Christian TI Morphology and molecular taxonomy of Evlachovaea-like fungi, and the status of this unusual conidial genus SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1F=1N; Cordyceps; Isaria; Paecilomyces; Phylogenetics; South America ID PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION; CENTRAL BRAZIL; CORDYCEPS; INCONGRUENCE; BEAUVERIA; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; BOOTSTRAP; INFERENCE AB The entomopathogenic anamorphic genus Evlachovaea was described to differ from other fungi in forming its conidia obliquely to the axis of the conidiogenous cell and with successive conidia having alternate orientations with a zipper- or chevron-like arrangement resulting in flat, ribbon-like chains. Morphological and molecular studies of six Evlachovaea-like isolates baited from Central Brazilian soils using Triatoma infestans (a vector of Chagas disease) and of other entomopathogens with Evlachovaea-like conidiogenesis led to a re-evaluation of the status of this little known fungal genus. The Brazilian isolates formed two distinct groups based on gene sequences for both the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor (EF-1 alpha) genes, morphology, and growth patterns; both groups also differed from the type species, Evlachovaea kintrischica. More detailed studies of these fungi indicated that the altematingly oblique orientations of forming conidia are neither a stable nor invariant character (even on single phialides). Furthermore, the molecular cladistic analysis unambiguously placed the Eulachovaea isolates firmly within the genus Isaria (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). The ITS sequences of E. kintrischica were very similar or even identical to those of Isaria amoenerosea and Isaria cateniobliqua, thereby suggesting that E. kintrischica is a synonym of one of these species, and that the genus Eulachovaea must be treated as a later synonym of Isaria, which must now be recognized to include several highly divergent modes of conidiogenesis. These taxonomic findings are discussed in the context of dramatic changes recently imposed on the nomen-clatural standards used to determine the correct names of all pleomorphic fungi. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 [Humber, Richard A.] ARS, USDA, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res, Robert W Holley Centerfor Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rocha, Luiz F. N.; Kipnis, Andre; Luz, Christian] Univ Fed Goias, IPTSP, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Inglis, Peter W.] Embrapa Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70770917 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Humber, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res, Robert W Holley Centerfor Agr & Hlth, 538 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM richard.humber@ars.usda.gov; luizfnr@hotmail.com; peteringlis@onetel.com; andre.kipnis@gmail.com; wchrisluz@hotmail.com FU National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Coordination for the Improvement of High Education Personnel (CAPES) FX The authors offer a sincere thanks to Vladimir Likhovidov and the late Fasketdhin Isangalin (State Research Centre for Microbiology and Biotechnology; Obolensk, Russia) and Boris Borisov (ROSAGROSERVICE; Moscow, Russia) for providing awareness of Evlachovaea as well as the ex-type cultures, and to the late Sergio B. Alves (ESALQ; Piracicaba, Brazil) for many of the Brazilian isolates critical to these studies. We thank Regiane O. Silva and Martin Unterseher (IPTSP/UFG) for help with the field collections; Marcos R. Faria and Ana Y. Ciampi (Embrapa Cenargen) for providing cultures and sequencing facilities; Karen Hansen and Micheal Wheeler (Robert W Holley Centre for Agriculture & Health) for technical assistance during morphological studies; Ionizete G. Silva (IPTSP) for providing triatomines; Lorena C. Santos (IPTSP) for assistance during sequencing activities; and the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Coordination for the Improvement of High Education Personnel (CAPES) for financial support. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 EI 1878-6162 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 117 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2012.10.001 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 093FX UT WOS:000315178200001 PM 23332828 ER PT J AU Alexander, A Steel, D Slikas, B Hoekzema, K Carraher, C Parks, M Cronn, R Baker, CS AF Alexander, Alana Steel, Debbie Slikas, Beth Hoekzema, Kendra Carraher, Colm Parks, Matthew Cronn, Richard Baker, C. Scott TI Low Diversity in the Mitogenome of Sperm Whales Revealed by Next-Generation Sequencing SO GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Physeter macrocephalus; nucleotide diversity; mitochondrial genome; mtDNA; substitution rates; Bayesian phylogenetics; cetacean; population genetics ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; HUMPBACK WHALES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; MATRILINEAL WHALES; MOLECULAR ECOLOGY; JAPANESE WATERS AB Large population sizes and global distributions generally associate with high mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) diversity. The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) is an exception, showing low CR diversity relative to other cetaceans; however, diversity levels throughout the remainder of the sperm whale mitogenome are unknown. We sequenced 20 mitogenomes from 17 sperm whales representative of worldwide diversity using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies (Illumina GAIIx, Roche 454 GS Junior). Resequencing of three individuals with both NGS platforms and partial Sanger sequencing showed low discrepancy rates (454-Illumina: 0.0071%; Sanger-Illumina: 0.0034%; and Sanger-454: 0.0023%) confirming suitability of both NGS platforms for investigating low mitogenomic diversity. Using the 17 sperm whale mitogenomes in a phylogenetic reconstruction with 41 other species, including 11 new dolphin mitogenomes, we tested two hypotheses for the low CR diversity. First, the hypothesis that CR-specific constraints have reduced diversity solely in the CR was rejected as diversity was low throughout the mitogenome, not just in the CR (overall diversity pi = 0.096%; protein-coding 3rd codon = 0.22%; CR = 0.35%), and CR phylogenetic signal was congruent with protein-coding regions. Second, the hypothesis that slow substitution rates reduced diversity throughout the sperm whale mitogenome was rejected as sperm whales had significantly higher rates of CR evolution and no evidence of slow coding region evolution relative to other cetaceans. The estimated time to most recent common ancestor for sperm whale mitogenomes was 72,800 to 137,400 years ago (95% highest probability density interval), consistent with previous hypotheses of a bottleneck or selective sweep as likely causes of low mitogenome diversity. C1 [Alexander, Alana; Steel, Debbie; Slikas, Beth; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Alexander, Alana; Steel, Debbie; Slikas, Beth; Hoekzema, Kendra; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Carraher, Colm; Baker, C. Scott] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Carraher, Colm] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. [Parks, Matthew] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cronn, Richard] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alexander, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM alexaala@onid.orst.edu OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 FU Hatfield Marine Science Center; International Fulbright Science & Technology award; ASSURE program of the Department of Defense; National Science Foundation REU Site program [NSF OCE-1004947] FX The authors thank R. Constantine and K. Thompson for curation of the CeTA database, and New Zealand Department of Conservation staff for collecting NZ samples used in this study; J. Rice for curation of the OMMSN database that supplied the Oregon sample; M. Vant for primer development; D. Jacobsen for assistance with 454 prep; K. Jones for assistance with 454 analysis; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Southwest Fisheries Science Center and A. Liston for consultation on cetacean mitogenomics; M. Dasenko and C. Sullivan (Oregon State University Center for Genomics Research and Biocomputing) for Illumina sequencing and computational support; S. Wu and W. L. S. Li for consultation on Bayesian analysis; Oregon State University Cetacean Conservation and Genomics Laboratory for additional lab support; and A. Sremba, A. Hickey, E. Carroll, E. Harvey, P. Alexander, K. Makova, and two anonymous referees for providing valuable comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by a Mamie Markham Award and a Lylian Brucefield Reynolds Award from the Hatfield Marine Science Center; and a 2008-2011 International Fulbright Science & Technology award to A. A; and co-funded by the ASSURE program of the Department of Defense in partnership with the National Science Foundation REU Site program to K. H and C. S. B. [grant number NSF OCE-1004947]. Publication of this paper was supported, in part, by the Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund. NR 112 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 78 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1759-6653 J9 GENOME BIOL EVOL JI Genome Biol. Evol. PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 113 EP 129 DI 10.1093/gbe/evs126 PG 17 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 087RA UT WOS:000314778600010 PM 23254394 ER PT J AU Cristobal, J Anderson, MC AF Cristobal, J. Anderson, M. C. TI Validation of a Meteosat Second Generation solar radiation dataset over the northeastern Iberian Peninsula SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; SATELLITE DATA; TIME-STEP; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; IRRADIANCE; EVAPORATION; MODEL; INSOLATION; CLIMATE AB Solar radiation plays a key role in the Earth's energy balance and is used as an essential input data in radiation-based evapotranspiration (ET) models. Accurate gridded solar radiation data at high spatial and temporal resolution are needed to retrieve ET over large domains. In this work we present an evaluation at hourly, daily and monthly time steps and regional scale (Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula) of a satellite-based solar radiation product developed by the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility (LSA SAF) using data from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). Product performance and accuracy were evaluated for datasets segmented into two terrain classes (flat and hilly areas) and two atmospheric conditions (clear and cloudy sky), as well as for the full dataset as a whole. Evaluation against measurements made with ground-based pyranometers yielded good results in flat areas with an averaged model RMSE of 65 W m(-2) (19%), 34 W m(-2) (9.7%) and 21 W m(-2) (5.6%), for hourly, daily and monthly-averaged solar radiation and including clear and cloudy sky conditions and snow or ice cover. Hilly areas yielded intermediate results with an averaged model RMSE (root mean square error) of 89 W m(-2) (27%), 48 W m(-2) (14.5%) and 32 W m(-2) (9.3%), for hourly, daily and monthly time steps, suggesting the need of further improvements (e.g., terrain corrections) required for retrieving localized variability in solar radiation in these areas. According to the literature, the LSA SAF solar radiation product appears to have sufficient accuracy to serve as a useful and operative input to evaporative flux retrieval models. C1 [Cristobal, J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Anderson, M. C.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Agr Res Serv, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cristobal, J (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jordi.cristobal@gi.alaska.edu RI Cristobal Rossello, Jordi/K-8021-2013; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Cristobal Rossello, Jordi/0000-0001-6244-4289; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU Generalitat de Catalunya, Talencia [2009BE200188]; GRUMETS [2009SGR1511]; United States Department of Agriculture FX This research has been developed thanks to a grant funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya, Talencia (2009BE200188) and GRUMETS (2009SGR1511) and financial support from the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 1 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.5194/hess-17-163-2013 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 087ZD UT WOS:000314802400010 ER PT J AU Tague, CL Choate, JS Grant, G AF Tague, C. L. Choate, J. S. Grant, G. TI Parameterizing sub-surface drainage with geology to improve modeling streamflow responses to climate in data limited environments SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; WATER-RESOURCES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; OREGON CASCADES; UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGY; SENSITIVITY; UNCERTAINTY; CALIFORNIA; CATCHMENT AB Hydrologic models are one of the core tools used to project how water resources may change under a warming climate. These models are typically applied over a range of scales, from headwater streams to higher order rivers, and for a variety of purposes, such as evaluating changes to aquatic habitat or reservoir operation. Most hydrologic models require streamflow data to calibrate subsurface drainage parameters. In many cases, long-term gage records may not be available for calibration, particularly when assessments are focused on low-order stream reaches. Consequently, hydrologic modeling of climate change impacts is often performed in the absence of sufficient data to fully parameterize these hydrologic models. In this paper, we assess a geologic-based strategy for assigning drainage parameters. We examine the performance of this modeling strategy for the McKenzie River watershed in the US Oregon Cascades, a region where previous work has demonstrated sharp contrasts in hydrology based primarily on geological differences between the High and Western Cascades. Based on calibration and verification using existing streamflow data, we demonstrate that: (1) a set of streams ranging from 1st to 3rd order within the Western Cascade geologic region can share the same drainage parameter set, while (2) streams from the High Cascade geologic region require a different parameter set. Further, we show that a watershed comprised of a mixture of High and Western Cascade geologies can be modeled without additional calibration by transferring parameters from these distinctive High and Western Cascade end-member parameter sets. More generally, we show that by defining a set of end-member parameters that reflect different geologic classes, we can more efficiently apply a hydrologic model over a geologically complex landscape and resolve geo-climatic differences in how different watersheds are likely to respond to simple warming scenarios. C1 [Tague, C. L.; Choate, J. S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Grant, G.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Tague, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cltague@bren.ucsb.edu FU US Geological Survey (USGS) FX We gratefully acknowledge the reviewers of this paper for their many helpful remarks and corrections. In particular we thank Charles Luce for his very thoughtful review and comments. This research was conducted as part of the Western Mountain Initiative funded by US Geological Survey (USGS). NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 1 BP 341 EP 354 DI 10.5194/hess-17-341-2013 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 087ZD UT WOS:000314802400022 ER PT J AU Smyth, K Garcia, K Sun, ZF Tuo, WB Xiao, ZG AF Smyth, Kendra Garcia, Karla Sun, Zhifeng Tuo, Wenbin Xiao, Zhengguo TI TLR agonists are highly effective at eliciting functional memory CTLs of effector memory phenotype in peptide immunization SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE T cells; Peptide; Memory; Adjuvant; Boosting; TLR agonist ID T-CELL MEMORY; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-3; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE; DENDRITIC CELLS; HUMAN VACCINES; DIFFERENTIATION; LYMPHOCYTES; VACCINATION AB Given the importance of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in eliminating altered self-cells, including virus-infected and tumor cells, devising effective vaccination strategies for generating memory CTLs is a priority in the field of immunology. Herein, we elaborate upon a novel boosting approach that utilizes synthetic peptides and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists as adjuvants to generate sufficient numbers of memory CTLs to protect against infection in mice. Peptide boosting with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4-ligand, has been shown to progressively enhance memory CTLs. Whether this result is strictly dependent on activation of TLR4 or can be similarly achieved by signaling through other TLRs is of practical interest in vaccine development but is yet unknown. In this report, we present evidence that intravenous peptide boosting together with TLR3 and TLR9 agonists (Poly IC and CpG, respectively) is highly effective and induces large quantities of memory CTLs of effector memory phenotype after three boosts. Compared to LPS, CpG and Poly IC generate more robust immune responses after the first and second boosts, indicating that a protective level of CTLs might be achieved with fewer boosts when CpG or Poly IC is used. Lastly, the resultant memory CTLs from boosting with different TLR agonists as adjuvant are equally protective against pathogen challenge and are not immune senescent. Therefore, TLR agonists are effective adjuvants in intravenous peptide boosting for the generation of functional memory CTLs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Smyth, Kendra; Garcia, Karla; Sun, Zhifeng; Xiao, Zhengguo] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tuo, Wenbin] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Xiao, ZG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xiao0028@umd.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R21AI095715A] FX We thank Drs. MF Mescher and SC Jameson from the University of Minnesota for providing reagents. The authors declare no conflict of interest This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grants R21AI095715A (to X. Z.) and Startup (to X. Z.). NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-5769 J9 INT IMMUNOPHARMACOL JI Int. Immunopharmacol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 15 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.10.019 PG 6 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 091UN UT WOS:000315075400010 PM 23159338 ER PT J AU Espeland, EK AF Espeland, E. K. TI Three California annual forbs show little response to neighbor removal SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Facilitation; Grassland; Interference competition; Resource competition ID LIFE-HISTORY; COMPETITION; RESTORATION; PLANTS; SIZE; FACILITATION; GRASSLAND; GROWTH AB In semi-arid systems, competition among plants has limited effects on performance compared to facilitative interactions and abiotic factors. However, the balance between competition and facilitation can change over the course of plant development. Determining when each interaction is important for plant productivity allows us to identify factors limiting plant growth. In this field study, neighbor removal midway through the growing season did not result in a size change for any species (Clarkia purpurea, Plantago erecta, and Micro pus californicus) in the first year. In the second year, two species had greater biomass when neighbors were removed very early in the growing season, indicating a competitive effect. The third species neither benefited nor suffered from neighbor removal. In some years, P. erecta and M. californicus may be negatively affected by competition at early growth stages and are later unable to capitalize on newly-available resources after removals of competitors. This study shows that early-stage competition can drive biomass production in some annual plants, even in semi-arid systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, NPARL, Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Espeland, EK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NPARL, Pest Management Res Unit, 1500 N Cent AVE, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM erin.espeland@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 88 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.08.017 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 068UY UT WOS:000313392900016 ER PT J AU Uselman, SM Snyder, KA Blank, RR AF Uselman, S. M. Snyder, K. A. Blank, R. R. TI Impacts of insect biological control on soil N transformations in Tamarix-invaded ecosystems in the Great Basin, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Diorhabda carinulata; Insect herbivory; Nitrogen mineralization; Soil nitrogen dynamics ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; UNITED-STATES; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; DIORHABDA-CARINULATA; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CONTROL AGENT; DEFOLIATION; CARBON; RESPIRATION AB We investigated impacts of biocontrol of Tamarix spp. by Diorhabda carinulata on soil nitrogen (N) transformations by surveying organic and mineral soils from three sites. Potential net N mineralization was assayed using laboratory incubations. Results partially supported our hypothesis that herbivory would result in stimulated net N mineralization rates after one year of herbivory exposure, and did not support our hypothesis that herbivory would result in a sustained increase in rates after several years of exposure. Short-term effects differed by site, likely influenced by differences in prevailing soil N status, with net mineralization stimulated at a low fertility site but not at a high fertility site. In the longer-term, there was no impact on overall net N mineralization rates, even though there was a trend towards greater N immobilization in mineral soil. This may result from declining organic matter inputs to soil due to progressive growth limitations from herbivore-induced stress. Results suggest soil N availability will increase in the short-term and eventually decrease in the longer-term at low fertility sites, while soil N availability will not be impacted by herbivory at high fertility sites. Widespread management implications will require further research at sites spanning a range of edaphic characteristics. Published by Elsevier C1 [Uselman, S. M.; Snyder, K. A.; Blank, R. R.] ARS, USDA, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Uselman, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM s.uselman@sbcglobal.net; Keirith.Snyder@ars.usda.gov; Bob.Blank@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 88 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.07.017 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 068UY UT WOS:000313392900020 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, P. Glynn TI Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and their Natural Enemies in Alfalfa in South Georgia SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nezara viridula; Euschistus servus; Medicago sativa; Trichopoda pennipes ID NEZARA-VIRIDULA L; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HEMIPTERA; COTTON; EGGS; PARASITISM AB The objective of this 3-yr study was to determine species composition and abundance of stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and their natural enemies in alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., in Georgia. Six species of phytophagous stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.), Euschistus servus (Say), Thyanta custator custator (F.), Euschistus quadrator Rolston, Oebalus pugnax pugnax (F.), and Chinavia hilaris (Say), and one predatory species, Podisus maculiventris (Say), occurred in alfalfa. Generally, density of N. viridula, the predominant stink bug species, was high in seeding alfalfa in the late spring-early summer, and parasitization of this stink bug by Trichopoda pennipes (E) could reach high levels as density of the pest increased in the crop. Euschistus servus and T c. custator together comprised the second most predominant group of stink bugs in this crop. Based on seasonal occurrence of nymphs (all 5 instars) and adults, nymphal development time, ovarian development time, and reproductive status of adults (N. viridula only), alfalfa is a reproductive host for N. viridula and E. servus, and perhaps for T c. custator. Mainly adults of E. quadrator, O. p. pugnax, and C. hilaris were present in the crop. Stink bug predators included Geocoris spp., Onus insidiosus (Say), spiders, lady beetles, nabids, reduviids, and Solenopsis invicta Buren. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Glynn.Tillman@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 073WY UT WOS:000313775000001 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, P. Glynn TI Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), a Leaffooted Bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae), and their Predators in Sorghum in Georgia SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sorghum; stink bugs; natural enemies ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE EGGS; GREENBUGS HOMOPTERA; ARTHROPOD PREDATORS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; CORN; ABUNDANCE; COTTON; PARASITISM; APHIDIDAE AB The objective of this 4-yr study was to determine species composition and abundance of stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and a leaffooted bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and their predators in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench spp. bicolor] in Georgia. Nezara viridula (L.) was the predominant species in sorghum; density of this stink bug was twice as high as that of the second most abundant stink bug, Oebalus pugnax pugnax (F.). Euschistus servus (Say) was the third most abundant stink bug species. Density of both Leptoglossus phyllopus (L.) and Euschistus quadrator (Rolston) was about half that of E. servus. Chinavia hilaris (Say), Thyanta custator custator (F.), Euschistus tristigmus (Say), Euschistus ictericus (L.), and Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) were minor pests in sorghum. Adult bugs primarily fed on developing seed. For all bug species, except E. tristigmus and E. ictericus, sorghum served as a reproductive host plant. In order of descending overall abundance, bug predators present in sorghum were Onus insidiosus (Say), Geocoris spp. [Geocoris punctipes (Say) and G. uliginosus (Say)], lady beetle species, i.e., Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, Coccinella septempunctata (L.), Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer), and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), spiders, i.e., Peucetia viridans (Hentz), Oxyopes salticus Hentz, and spiders in the Salticidae and Thomisidae families, Solenopsis invicta Buren, Podisus maculiventris (Say), Sinea diadema (F.), and Nabis spp. Conserving these natural enemies of panicle-feeding bugs in sorghum could possibly be used in management of these bugs in southeastern farmscapes. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Glynn.Tillman@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 20 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 073WY UT WOS:000313775000002 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Chapman, PS Tanigoshi, LK AF Yee, Wee L. Chapman, Peter S. Tanigoshi, Lynell K. TI Alternative Fumigants to Methyl Bromide for Killing Pupae and Preventing Emergence of Apple Maggot Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis pomonella; methyl bromide; ECO2FUME; Vapam; chloropicrin; Telone II ID FRUIT-FLY; FUMIGATION AB Effects of methyl bromide, ECO2FUME (phosphine gas + CO2), Vapam (sodium methyldithiocarbamate), chloropicrin, Telone 11 (1, 3 dichloropropene), and chloropicrin + Telone II on killing the pupae and preventing adult emergence of apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), was determined. In an experiment performed inside glass flasks, pupal mortality caused by all fumigants 7 d after a 4-h exposure was significantly higher than in the control, but effects of the five fumigants on pupal mortality 7 d post exposure did not differ consistently even though chloropicrin caused the highest absolute mortality. In contrast, fumigant effects on adult emergence were consistent and clearer in that chloropicrin, Telone II, and chloropicrin + Telone II prevented all emergence of adult flies over 111 - 112 d whereas methyl bromide, ECO2FUME, and Vapam reduced it by only 41 - 73% compared with controls. The differences in pupal mortality and adult emergence patterns suggest that the fumigants acted slowly. This is the first study that shows chloropicrin, Telone II, and the two in combination could be alternative fumigants to methyl bromide for killing pupae and preventing emergence of R. pomonella. C1 [Yee, Wee L.; Chapman, Peter S.; Tanigoshi, Lynell K.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Department of Agriculture [RCA 58-5352-0-325] FX The authors thank Robert Goughnour (USDA-ARS) for collecting fruit and larvae used in this study, Steve Foss (Washington State Department of Agriculture) for issuing the Experimental Use Permit for the study, John Stark (Washington State University, Puyallup) for providing research space, Meralee Nash (USDA-ARS) for help with the experiment, and James Hansen (USDA-ARS) and Bradley Sinclair (Canadian Food Inspection Agency) for reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript. This work was supported by Grant RCA 58-5352-0-325 from the Washington State Department of Agriculture to W. L. Y. This article reports results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement for its use by USDA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 073WY UT WOS:000313775000005 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Mahroof, RM AF Simmons, Alvin M. Mahroof, Rizana M. TI Effect of Yellow Flowers on Abundance of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Plants SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE flowers; attraction; population; sweetpotato whitefly; Bemisia tabaci C1 [Simmons, Alvin M.; Mahroof, Rizana M.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alvin.simmons@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 073WY UT WOS:000313775000008 ER PT J AU Suh, CPC Westbrook, JK Boratynski, TN Rios, PC Armstrong, JS Escarcega, JA Ruelas, CC AF Suh, Charles P. -C. Westbrook, John K. Boratynski, Theodore N. Cano Rios, Pedro Armstrong, John S. Antonio Escarcega, Jesus Campos Ruelas, Carlos TI Evaluation of a New Formulation of Grandlure for the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE boll weevil; grandlure; pheromone; Anthonomus grandis C1 [Suh, Charles P. -C.; Westbrook, John K.; Boratynski, Theodore N.; Cano Rios, Pedro; Armstrong, John S.; Antonio Escarcega, Jesus; Campos Ruelas, Carlos] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Suh, CPC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM charles.suh@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 073WY UT WOS:000313775000011 ER PT J AU Meldrum, JR Champ, PA Bond, CA AF Meldrum, James R. Champ, Patricia A. Bond, Craig A. TI Heterogeneous nonmarket benefits of managing white pine bluster rust in high-elevation pine forests SO JOURNAL OF FOREST ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Invasive species management; Attitudes; Nonmarket valuation; Contingent valuation; Cluster analysis; Factor analysis ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION; BLISTER RUST; NORTH-AMERICA; VALUES; CONSERVATION; PREFERENCES; PERCEPTIONS; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS AB This article describes a nonmarket valuation study about benefits of managing the invasive disease white pine blister rust in high-elevation forests in the Western United States. Results demonstrate that, on average, households in the Western United States are willing to pay $154 to improve the resiliency of these forests. Factor analysis shows that long-run protection of the forests dominates recreation in motivating support. Cluster analysis suggests three groups of survey respondents: those indifferent to the program and not willing to pay, those wanting to protect the future of the high-elevation forests, and those wanting to protect both the forests and related recreational opportunities. (C) 2012 Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Meldrum, James R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Champ, Patricia A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bond, Craig A.] RAND Corp, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Meldrum, JR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, Box 483 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM james.meldrum@colorado.edu OI Meldrum, James/0000-0001-5250-3759 FU USDA-PREISM grant program; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station FX We would like to thank our funding sources, including the USDA-PREISM grant program, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, as well as participants at the 2010 CU Environmental and Resource Economics workshop and the 2010 CU Environmental Studies Graduate Student Seminar Series for constructive comments. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1104-6899 J9 J FOREST ECON JI J. For. Econ. PY 2013 VL 19 IS 1 BP 61 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jfe.2012.10.001 PG 17 WC Economics; Forestry SC Business & Economics; Forestry GA 092ND UT WOS:000315128400004 ER PT J AU Simon, A Poulin, MB Rousseau, AN Dubey, JP Ogden, NH AF Simon, Audrey Poulin, Michel Bigras Rousseau, Alain N. Dubey, Jitender P. Ogden, Nicholas H. TI SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION IN CANADIAN LYNX (LYNX CANADENSIS) IN WESTERN QUEBEC, CANADA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Canadian lynx; predator-prey cycle; snowshoe hare; spatiotemporal dynamic of infection; Toxoplasma gondii ID CATS FELIS-CATUS; RABBIT ORYCTOLAGUS-CUNICULUS; EUROPEAN BROWN HARES; URBAN-RURAL GRADIENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; LEPUS-EUROPAEUS; DOMESTIC CATS; 10-YEAR CYCLE; HOME-RANGE AB Toxoplasma gondii, one of the more common zoonotic parasites in the world, can cause serious illness in humans and other animals worldwide. Fefids are the only known host that can shed T. gondii oocysts, which are essential to the perpetuation of the parasite. In much of boreal Canada, the Canadian lynx (Lynx canadensis) is the only wild felid host that could contribute to environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts. We estimated the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in Canadian lynx from western Quebec and compared our results with earlier findings in the same region 12 yr earlier. We investigated factors associated with seroconversion, including age, sex, geographic location, and possible co-occurrence with domestic cats (Felis catus), and we assessed the proportion of lynx shedding T. gondii oocysts. Blood and fecal samples were collected from 84 lynx harvested by trappers in the eastern part of the study area during winter 2009-2010. Sera were tested for antibodies to T. gondii by the modified agglutination test (cutoff titer 1:50) and fecal samples for parasite eggs by fecal flotation. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in sera of 14% of 84 lynx. Numerous helminth ova and coccidian oocysts were found in feces, whereas T. gondii like oocysts were not detected. Antibody prevalence increased with age class (odds ratio [OR]=4.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.57-11.99, P<0.01). Antibody prevalence (14%) in our study was significantly lower than in 84 lynx (36%) trapped in the western part of the study area during winter 1997-1998 (OR=0.18, 95% CI=0.08-0.44, P<0.001). Our results suggest there may be significant spatiotemporal dynamics of T. gondii infection in lynx in Canada, and we review possible abiotic and biotic ecologic factors supporting these findings. C1 [Simon, Audrey; Poulin, Michel Bigras; Ogden, Nicholas H.] Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Grp Rech Epidemiol Zoonoses & Sante Publ, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. [Rousseau, Alain N.] Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Dubey, Jitender P.] USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ogden, Nicholas H.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Zoonoses Div, Ctr Foodborne Environm & Zoonot Infect Dis, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. RP Simon, A (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Grp Rech Epidemiol Zoonoses & Sante Publ, 3200 Sicotte,CP 5000, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. EM audrey.simon@umontreal.ca NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.7589/2012-02-048 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 070UM UT WOS:000313538100005 PM 23307370 ER PT J AU Mainguy, J Fehlner-Gardiner, C Slate, D Rudd, RJ AF Mainguy, Julien Fehlner-Gardiner, Christine Slate, Dennis Rudd, Robert J. TI Oral Rabies Vaccination in Raccoons: Comparison of ONRAB (R) and RABORAL V-RG (R) Vaccine-Bait Field Performance in Quebec, Canada and Vermont, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Antibody prevalence; oral rabies vaccination; Procyon lotor; raccoon; striped skunk; vaccine-bait AB The control of rabies in raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in North America has been conducted mainly through aerial distribution of oral vaccine-baits. The effectiveness of the vaccine-bait used is therefore of prime importance for disease eradication. In a previous field comparison between the ONRAB (R) bait in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, and RABORAL V-RG (R) bait in the state of Maine, USA, the ONRAB bait produced a higher percentage of antibody-positive raccoons under nearly identical bait distribution for the two vaccines. The main objective of the present study was to conduct a similar cross-border comparison of these two vaccine-baits using raccoon sera collected during post oral rabies vaccination monitoring in Quebec, Canada, and Vermont, USA, where ONRAB and V-RG, respectively, were distributed aerially at a targeted density of 150 baits/km(2). A comparison of the equivalency of two serologic tests used in Canada and the USA was also conducted using sera from raccoons and striped skunks. Rabies virus neutralization assay (USA) yielded similar results to the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Canada), with agreement between the two tests of 92% for raccoon sera and 96% for skunk sera. With both assays, the percentage of antibody-positive raccoons was greater with ONRAB (51%, n=265) than with V-RG (38%, n=66). These new results support the conclusion from the previous study, that ONRAB vaccine-baits may be more effective for the control of rabies in raccoons. C1 [Mainguy, Julien] Direct Biodivers & Malad Faune, Direct Gen Expertise Faune & Ses Habitats, Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4X4, Canada. [Fehlner-Gardiner, Christine] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Expertise Rabies, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. [Slate, Dennis] Wildlife Serv, USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Rudd, Robert J.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RP Mainguy, J (reprint author), Direct Biodivers & Malad Faune, Direct Gen Expertise Faune & Ses Habitats, Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, 880 Chemin St Foy,20E Etage, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4X4, Canada. EM julien.mainguy@mmf.gouv.qc.ca NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 190 EP 193 DI 10.7589/2011-11-342 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 070UM UT WOS:000313538100023 PM 23307388 ER PT J AU Young, RF McPherson, EG AF Young, Robert F. McPherson, E. Gregory TI Governing metropolitan green infrastructure in the United States SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Green infrastructure; Governance; Institutionalization; Sustainability; Urban forestry ID ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE; CITIES; PARTICIPATION; POLICY AB In this paper we explore whether the enhancement of urban ecosystem services through large-scale, metropolitan tree-planting initiatives is being planned and executed as a component of traditional municipal government or represents new, transdisciplinary strategies in environmental governance. Drawing on qualitative interviews with stakeholders in six major cities (n = 58) we further explore institutionalization of these initiatives and relationships. While much current discourse posits government cannot "go it alone" in providing preventative, "front-end" solutions to complex environmental problems, we found the public sector dominant in the visioning, planning, and management of these green infrastructure initiatives and the role of the private sector to be minimal. We also found that, despite this dominance, the initiatives had limited success in becoming institutionalized. This dichotomy reflects that while discourses labeling the public sector unable to grapple with complex environmental issues and the private sector dominant in environmental governance regimes are premature, institutionalizing the solutions into the machinery of government remains a contested arena. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, Robert F.] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Architecture, Community & Reg Planning Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [McPherson, E. Gregory] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA USA. RP Young, RF (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sch Architecture, Community & Reg Planning Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ryoung@utexas.edu; gmcpherson@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 126 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 109 IS 1 SI SI BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.09.004 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 068SV UT WOS:000313387400007 ER PT J AU Connolly, JJ Svendsen, ES Fisher, DR Campbell, LK AF Connolly, James J. Svendsen, Erika S. Fisher, Dana R. Campbell, Lindsay K. TI Organizing urban ecosystem services through environmental stewardship governance in New York City SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Urban stewardship; Civic networks; Social-ecological systems; Urban ecosystem services; Bridge organizations; Social capital ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; ORGANIZATIONAL-STRUCTURE; NETWORKS; PERSPECTIVE; FRAMEWORK; RESILIENCE AB How do stewardship groups contribute to the management of urban ecosystem services? In this paper, we integrate the research on environmental stewardship with the social-ecological systems literature to explain how stewardship groups serve as bridge organizations between public agencies and civic organizations, working across scales and sectors to build the flexible and multi-scaled capacity needed to manage complex urban ecosystems. Analyzing data collected from a survey of stewardship groups in New York City, combined with open-ended semi-structured interviews with representatives from the most connected civic "hub" organizations, we use a mixed-method approach to understand the specific activities of bridge organizations in the process of preserving local ecosystem services. This paper concludes that the role of bridge organizations in the management of urban ecosystem services in New York City is increasing, that these groups have a specific bi-modal role in the network, and that an initial presence of heterarchic organizational relations was crucial in their development. The paper ends with a discussion of the implications of these results. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Connolly, James J.] Northeastern Univ, Sch Publ Policy & Urban Affairs, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Svendsen, Erika S.; Campbell, Lindsay K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. [Campbell, Lindsay K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, New York City Urban Field Stn, Washington, DC USA. [Fisher, Dana R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Connolly, JJ (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Publ Policy & Urban Affairs, 343 Holmes Hall,360 Huntington Ave Boston, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jjc2119@columbia.edu; esvendsen@fs.fed.us; drfisher@umd.edu; lindsaycampbell@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; National Science Foundation [DEB-0948451] FX This project was supported by funding from the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station and a grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0948451). The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and editors at Landscape and Urban Planning for comments on earlier drafts of this paper. NR 61 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 8 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 109 IS 1 SI SI BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.07.001 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 068SV UT WOS:000313387400008 ER PT J AU Eskelson, BNI Anderson, PD Temesgen, H AF Eskelson, Bianca N. I. Anderson, Paul D. Temesgen, Hailemariam TI Modeling Relative Humidity in Headwater Forests Using Correlation with Air Temperature SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE riparian microclimate; Pacific Northwest; linear mixed effects model; localized prediction; subsampling ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; MICROCLIMATIC GRADIENTS; RIPARIAN FOREST; COASTAL OREGON; CLEAR-CUT; WASHINGTON; ECOLOGY; AREAS AB Microclimate variables such as air temperature and relative humidity influence habitat conditions and ecological processes in riparian forests. The increased relative humidity levels within riparian areas are essential for many plant and wildlife species. Information about relative humidity patterns within riparian areas and adjacent uplands are necessary for the prescription of effective buffer widths. Relative humidity monitoring is more expensive than temperature monitoring due to greater sensor costs, and it is primarily conducted for research purposes. To make relative humidity monitoring in riparian areas more cost effective, we explored modeling relative humidity as a function of air temperature and other covariates using linear fixed and linear mixed effects models applied to two case studies. Localizing predictions for stream reaches using a linear mixed effects model or a linear fixed effects model with correction factor improved model predictions, especially when large variability among stream reaches was present. A minimum of three to five relative humidity measurements per stream reach seem sufficient to estimate the random stream reach effect or correction factor for the linear mixed and linear fixed effects models, respectively. Including covariates that describe distance to stream and canopy cover in addition to air temperature improved model performance. Although further model refinement is probably needed to allow detection of small changes in relative humidity associated with changes in stand structure from partial overstory removal, the models developed provide a means towards decreasing the costs of monitoring microclimates of importance to riparian area function. C1 [Eskelson, Bianca N. I.; Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, Paul D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Eskelson, BNI (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bianca.eskelson@oregonstate.edu RI Eskelson, Bianca/P-6095-2016 OI Eskelson, Bianca/0000-0002-3398-2333 FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; USDI, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon State Office [HA-I01-0010]; USGS Forest; Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX This research was funded in part by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the USDI, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon State Office, agreement HA-I01-0010. The microclimate data collection in the Trask watershed was funded by the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. We thank the editor and reviewers of Northwest Science for their valuable comments and feedback throughout the review process. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 87 IS 1 BP 40 EP 58 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 089OT UT WOS:000314920600004 ER PT J AU Morris, JL Brunelle, A DeRose, RJ Seppa, H Power, MJ Carter, V Bares, R AF Morris, Jesse L. Brunelle, Andrea DeRose, R. Justin Seppa, Heikki Power, Mitchell J. Carter, Vachel Bares, Ryan TI Using fire regimes to delineate zones in a high-resolution lake sediment record from the western United States SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Charcoal; Fire regime; Fire season; Forest disturbance; Lake sediments; Pollen; Paleoecology; Regime shift; Spruce-fir forest; Wildfire ID SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CHARCOAL RECORDS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; MARKAGUNT PLATEAU; COLORADO PLATEAU; HOLOCENE RECORDS; LATE-WISCONSIN AB Paleoenvironmental reconstructions are important for understanding the influence of long-term climate variability on ecosystems and landscape disturbance dynamics. In this paper we explore the linkages among past climate, vegetation, and fire regimes using a high-resolution pollen and charcoal reconstruction from Morris Pond located on the Markagunt Plateau in southwestern Utah, USA. A regime shift detection algorithm was applied to background charcoal accumulation to define where statistically significant shifts in fire regimes occurred. The early Holocene was characterized by greater amounts of summer precipitation and less winter precipitation than modern. Ample forest fuel and warm summer temperatures allowed for large fires to occur. The middle Holocene was a transitional period between vegetation conditions and fire disturbance. The late Holocene climate is characterized as cool and wet reflecting an increase in snow cover, which reduced opportunities for fire despite increased availability of fuels. Similarities between modern forest fuel availability and those of the early Holocene suggest that warmer summers projected for the 21st century may yield substantial increases in the recurrence and ecological impacts of fire when compared to the fire regime of the last millennium. (C) 2012 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Morris, Jesse L.; Seppa, Heikki] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Brunelle, Andrea; Power, Mitchell J.; Carter, Vachel; Bares, Ryan] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [DeRose, R. Justin] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Inventory Anal, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Power, Mitchell J.] Univ Utah, Utah Museum Nat Hist, Garrett Herbarium, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Morris, JL (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM jesse.morris@helsinki.fi OI Carter, Vachel/0000-0002-0610-0091; Seppa, Heikki/0000-0003-2494-7955 FU National Science Foundation [1032099]; Joint Fire Science Program [063131] FX Support for this research was provided by a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant from the National Science Foundation to JM (1032099) and from an award from the Joint Fire Science Program to AB (063131). We extend our gratitude to Stacy Morris, Tyler Morris, and Todd Daines for assistance with sediment retrieval and to A Steven Munson, Lesleigh Anderson, and Rosemary Sherriff for theoretical contributions during field work. We thank Douglas Dvoracek at CAIS for AMS consultation and James Budahn at USGS Denver for 210Pb/137Cs analysis. We are grateful to Ken Adams and two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions greatly improved our manuscript NR 98 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 79 IS 1 BP 24 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2012.10.002 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 070TI UT WOS:000313533800004 ER PT J AU Ward, SM Webster, TM Steckel, LE AF Ward, Sarah M. Webster, Theodore M. Steckel, Larry E. TI Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri): A Review SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Biology; genetics; physiology; herbicide resistance; crop interference; integrated management ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDES; WEED MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; 485 WRF COTTON; GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT; GLYCINE-MAX; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; MULTIPLE RESISTANCE AB In little over 20 yr, Palmer amaranth has risen from relative obscurity to its current status as one of the most widespread, troublesome, and economically damaging agronomic weeds in the southeastern U.S. Numerous factors have enabled Palmer amaranth to become such a dominant and difficult-to-control weed, including its rapid growth rate, high fecundity, genetic diversity, ability to tolerate adverse conditions, and its facility for evolving herbicide resistance. It is both a serious threat to several U.S. cropping systems and a fascinating model weed. In this paper, we review the growing body of literature on Palmer amaranth to summarize the current state of knowledge on the biology, agricultural impacts, and management of this weed, and we suggest future directions for research. C1 [Ward, Sarah M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Steckel, Larry E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Ward, SM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sarah.ward@colostate.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 176 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 93 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 12 EP 27 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-00113.1 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 088TB UT WOS:000314858900002 ER PT J AU Garvey, PV Meyers, SL Monks, DW Coble, HD AF Garvey, Paul V., Jr. Meyers, Stephen L. Monks, David W. Coble, Harold D. TI Influence of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) on the Critical Period for Weed Control in Plasticulture-Grown Tomato SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Interspecific competition; intraspecific competition; light; marketable yields; weed-free period ID COMPETITION; INTERFERENCE AB Field studies were conducted in 1996, 1997, and 1998 at Clinton, NC, to determine the influence of Palmer amaranth establishment and removal periods on the yield and quality of plasticulture-grown 'Mountain Spring' fresh market tomato. Treatments consisted of 14 Palmer amaranth establishment and removal periods. Half of the treatments were weed removal treatments (REM), in which Palmer amaranth was sowed at the time tomato transplanting and allowed to remain in the field for 0 (weed-free all season), 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or 10 wk after transplanting (WAT). The second set of the treatments, weed establishment treatments (EST), consisted of sowing Palmer amaranth 0 (weedy all season), 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or 10 WAT and allowing it to grow in competition with tomato the remainder of the season. Tomato shoot dry weight was reduced 23, 7, and 11 g plant(-1) for each week Palmer amaranth removal was delayed from 0 to 10 WAT in 1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively. Marketable tomato yield ranged from 87,000 to 41,000 kg ha(-1) for REM of 0 to 10 WAT and 28,000 to 88,000 kg ha(-1) for EST of 0 to 6 WAT. Percentage of jumbo, large, medium, and cull tomato yields ranged from 49 to 33%, 22 to 31%, 2 to 6%, and 9 to 11%, respectively, for REM of 0 to 10 WAT and 30 to 49%, 38 to 22%, 3 to 2%, and 12 to 9 %, respectively, for EST of 0 to 6 WAT. To avoid losses of marketable tomato yield and percentage of jumbo tomato fruit yield, tomato plots must remain free of Palmer amaranth between 3 and 6 WAT. Observed reduction in marketable tomato yield was likely due to competition for light as Palmer amaranth plants exceeded the tomato plant canopy 6 WAT and remained taller than tomato plants for the remainder of the growing season. C1 [Garvey, Paul V., Jr.; Meyers, Stephen L.; Monks, David W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Coble, Harold D.] ARS, Off Pest Management, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Meyers, SL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM slmeyers@ncsu.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-00028.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 088TB UT WOS:000314858900022 ER PT J AU Seefeldt, SS Kaspari, PN Conn, JS AF Seefeldt, Steven S. Kaspari, Phil N. Conn, Jeffery S. TI Shrub Control in Conservation Reserve Program Lands in Interior Alaska SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brush control; Conservation Reserve Program; Diamond Wet Blade mower; herbicide ID APPLICATION PLACEMENT EQUIPMENT; SUPPRESSION; EFFICACY AB In Alaska Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands, succession of fields planted with grass and clover to shrubs and small trees is resulting in program compliance problems related to ease of reconversion to crop lands. Standard practice for slowing this succession is mowing every 2 to 3 yr, which does not kill the woody vegetation. A field study was conducted at three sites over 2 yr to determine if 2,4-D (2.2 kg ae ha(-1) 2-ethylhexyl ester) or triclopyr (2.2 kg ae ha(-1) butoxyethyl ester) applied broadcast or 2,4-D (2.2 kg ae ha(-1) 2,4-D dimethylamine salt) or triclopyr (1.7 kg ae ha(-1) triclopyr triethylamine salt) applied with a Diamond Wet Blade (TM) mower (DWB) would result in longer shrub control compared to mowing. Mowing was conducted at both 15 and 45 cm above ground level and herbicides were applied with the DWB at three rates. Measurements 2 yr after treatment (YAT) confirmed that both herbicides reduced shrub cover about 50 % compared to controls. Reduced rates of the herbicides applied with the DWB did not result in decreased shrub control. Grass cover was negatively correlated with shrub cover. Typically, mower height did not alter treatment effects. Treatments had little impact on forb cover and composition 2 YAT, with the exception of fireweed, which was generally reduced where herbicides were applied. Application of 2,4-D and triclopyr does not decrease the frequency of shrub control in CRP lands in Alaska. Use of 2,4-D and triclopyr with or without mowing resulted in no widespread improvement over the current practice of mowing to 15 cm every 2 to 3 yr. C1 [Seefeldt, Steven S.; Conn, Jeffery S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kaspari, Phil N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Cooperat Extens Serv Delta Dist, Delta Junction, AK 99737 USA. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ssseefeldt@alaska.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-00052.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 088TB UT WOS:000314858900024 ER PT J AU Brainard, DC Haramoto, E Williams, MM Mirsky, S AF Brainard, Daniel C. Haramoto, Erin Williams, Martin M., II Mirsky, Steven TI Towards a No-Till No-Spray Future? Introduction to a Symposium on Nonchemical Weed Management for Reduced-Tillage Cropping Systems SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SOIL C1 [Brainard, Daniel C.; Haramoto, Erin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Williams, Martin M., II] Univ Illinois, Invas Weed Management Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mirsky, Steven] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brainard, DC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, A440 A Plant & Soil Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM brainar9@msu.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 190 EP 192 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-10001.1 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 088TB UT WOS:000314858900025 ER PT J AU Mirsky, SB Ryan, MR Teasdale, JR Curran, WS Reberg-Horton, CS Spargo, JT Wells, MS Keene, CL Moyer, JW AF Mirsky, Steven B. Ryan, Matthew R. Teasdale, John R. Curran, William S. Reberg-Horton, Chris S. Spargo, John T. Wells, M. Scott Keene, Clair L. Moyer, Jeff W. TI Overcoming Weed Management Challenges in Cover Crop-Based Organic Rotational No-Till Soybean Production in the Eastern United States SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reduced-tillage; organic ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; MID-ATLANTIC REGION; SECALE-CEREALE L; ROLLER-CRIMPER; HAIRY VETCH; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; SOUTHEASTERN USA AB Cover crop based organic rotational no-till soybean production has attracted attention from farmers, researchers, and other agricultural professionals because of the ability of this new system to enhance soil conservation, reduce labor requirements, and decrease diesel fuel use compared to traditional organic production. This system is based on the use of cereal rye cover crops that are mechanically terminated with a roller-crimper to create in situ mulch that suppresses weeds and promotes soybean growth. In this paper, we report experiments that were conducted over the past decade in the eastern region of the United States on cover crop-based organic rotational no-till soybean production, and we outline current management strategies and future research needs. Our research has focused on maximizing cereal rye spring ground cover and biomass because of the crucial role this cover crop plays in weed suppression. Soil fertility and cereal rye sowing and termination timing affect biomass production, and these factors can be manipulated to achieve levels greater than 8,000 kg ha(-1), a threshold identified for consistent suppression of annual weeds. Manipulating cereal rye seeding rate and seeding method also influences ground cover and weed suppression. In general, weed suppression is species-specific, with early emerging summer annual weeds (e.g., common ragweed), high weed seed bank densities (e.g. > 10,000 seeds m(-2)), and perennial weeds (e.g., yellow nutsedge) posing the greatest challenges. Due to the challenges with maximizing cereal rye weed suppression potential, we have also found high-residue cultivation to significantly improve weed control. In addition to cover crop and weed management, we have made progress with planting equipment and planting density for establishing soybean into a thick cover crop residue. Our current and future research will focus on integrated multitactic weed management, cultivar selection, insect pest suppression, and nitrogen management as part of a systems approach to advancing this new production system. C1 [Mirsky, Steven B.; Teasdale, John R.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ryan, Matthew R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Curran, William S.; Keene, Clair L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Reberg-Horton, Chris S.; Wells, M. Scott] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Spargo, John T.] Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Moyer, Jeff W.] Rodale Inst, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. RP Mirsky, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM steven.mirsky@ars.usda.gov OI Wells, M. Scott/0000-0001-9753-7792 NR 77 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 12 U2 118 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-00078.1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 088TB UT WOS:000314858900026 ER PT J AU Price, AJ Norsworthy, JK AF Price, Andrew J. Norsworthy, Jason K. TI Cover Crops for Weed Management in Southern Reduced-Tillage Vegetable Cropping Systems SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternative weed control; conservation agriculture ID SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; RADISH RAPHANUS-RAPHANISTRUM; PROCESSING TOMATO PRODUCTION; NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; SWEET-POTATO SYSTEMS; 3 WINTER CEREALS; CORN ZEA-MAYS; CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; BELL PEPPER; ORGANIC MULCHES AB With growing agricultural demands from both conventional and organic systems comes the need for sustainable practices to ensure long-term productivity. Implementation of reduced- or no-till practices offers a number of environmental benefits for agricultural land and maintains adequate yield for current and future production. Concerns over satisfactory pest control options, particularly weed control, have contributed to the slow adoption of conservation practices in many areas. To identify effective alternative weed management options for use in conservation systems, research in the Southeast has continued to evaluate the use of cover crops in conjunction with reduced-tillage practices. A number of cover crop species, including cereal grains, legumes, and Brassicaceae species, that have potential to suppress weeds through direct crop interference or allelopathic potential have been investigated. Many recent research projects in the Midsouth and southeastern United States have assessed the success of cover crops in reduced-tillage row crop settings with promising outcomes in some systems. However, continued research is necessary to identify appropriate cover crop and tillage systems for use in other agricultural settings, such as vegetable crops and organic production systems. C1 [Price, Andrew J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM andrew.price@ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 100 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-00056.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 088TB UT WOS:000314858900028 ER PT J AU Claassen, R Hellerstein, D Kim, SG AF Claassen, Roger Hellerstein, Daniel Kim, Seung Gyu TI Using Mixed Logit in Land Use Models: Can Expectation-Maximization (EM) Algorithms Facilitate Estimation? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PROGRAMS C1 [Claassen, Roger; Hellerstein, Daniel] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Kim, Seung Gyu] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea. RP Claassen, R (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM claassen@ers.usda.gov; danielh@ers.usda.gov; sgkimwin@knu.ac.kr OI Hellerstein, Daniel/0000-0003-0933-8676 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 95 IS 2 BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1093/ajae/aas111 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 073EI UT WOS:000313725900029 ER PT J AU Baker, JS Murray, BC McCarl, BA Feng, SY Johansson, R AF Baker, Justin S. Murray, Brian C. McCarl, Bruce A. Feng, Siyi Johansson, Robert TI Implications of Alternative Agricultural Productivity Growth Assumptions on Land Management, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Mitigation Potential SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID US AGRICULTURE; INTENSIFICATION; DEFORESTATION; FORESTRY C1 [Baker, Justin S.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Murray, Brian C.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [McCarl, Bruce A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Feng, Siyi] Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Agr & Food Econ, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Johansson, Robert] USDA, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC USA. RP Baker, JS (reprint author), RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM justinbaker@rti.org; bcmurray@duke.edu; mccarl@tamu.edu; siyi.feng@afbini.gov.uk; rjohannson@oce.usda.gov RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 95 IS 2 BP 435 EP 441 DI 10.1093/ajae/aas114 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 073EI UT WOS:000313725900031 ER PT J AU Marre, A Pender, J AF Marre, Alexander Pender, John TI The Distribution Of Household Net Worth Within And Across Rural Areas: Are There Links To The Natural Resource Base? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID WEALTH CREATION C1 [Marre, Alexander; Pender, John] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Marre, A (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM amarre@ers.usda.gov; jpender@ers.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 95 IS 2 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1093/ajae/aas087 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 073EI UT WOS:000313725900034 ER PT J AU Hertz, T Zahniser, S AF Hertz, Tom Zahniser, Steven TI Is There A Farm Labor Shortage? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article C1 [Hertz, Tom; Zahniser, Steven] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Hertz, T (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM thertz@ers.usda.gov; zahniser@ers.usda.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 95 IS 2 BP 476 EP 481 DI 10.1093/ajae/aas090 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 073EI UT WOS:000313725900037 ER PT J AU Glauber, JW AF Glauber, Joseph W. TI The Growth Of The Federal Crop Insurance Program, 1990-2011 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Glauber, JW (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jglauber@oce.usda.gov NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 95 IS 2 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1093/ajae/aas091 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 073EI UT WOS:000313725900038 ER PT J AU Ding, Y Wei, W Wu, W Davis, RE Jiang, Y Lee, IM Hammond, RW Shen, L Sheng, JP Zhao, Y AF Ding, Y. Wei, W. Wu, W. Davis, R. E. Jiang, Y. Lee, I. -M. Hammond, R. W. Shen, L. Sheng, J. -P. Zhao, Y. TI Role of gibberellic acid in tomato defence against potato purple top phytoplasma infection SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Defence response; gibberellins; potato purple top phytoplasma; tomato ID SEQUENCE-VARIABLE MOSAICS; X-DISEASE PHYTOPLASMA; REAL-TIME PCR; YELLOWS PHYTOPLASMA; ARABIDOPSIS SEEDS; PLANT-RESPONSES; RESISTANCE; GENOME; GENES; BENZOTHIADIAZOLE AB Infection of tomato by potato purple top (PPT) phytoplasma causes disruption of gibberellin (GA) homeostasis in the plant host. Such pathologically-induced GA deficiency can be partially reversed by exogenous application of GA. This study was designed to explore the role of GA in tomato defence response against phytoplasmal disease, and to determine whether pretreatment with GA would protect healthy tomato seedlings from subsequent phytoplasmal infection and disease development. Our results revealed that, following exogenous GA application and subsequent PPT phytoplasma graft inoculation, there was an apparently coordinated down-regulation of the gene encoding a key GA signalling component and growth repressor known as DELLA protein (GAI) and up-regulation of genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) synthesis (ICS1), signalling (NIM1) and downstream defence responses (PRP-1). Our results also indicated that differential regulation of the above genes was correlated with an increase in activities of defence-related enzymes -1,3-glucanase and chitinase. The data presented in this communication provide evidence to suggest that GA may act via DELLA and SA signalling pathways to modulate host defence in response to PPT phytoplasma infection. Although the GA pretreatment-induced defence was not sufficient to prevent a systemic infection, it reduced phytoplasma titre and significantly attenuated disease symptoms. While the actual molecular mechanism underlying the GA-induced plant defence remains elusive, findings from the current study open new opportunities for in-depth studies of the functional role of the GA signalling network during defence response against phytoplasmal infection. C1 [Ding, Y.; Shen, L.; Sheng, J. -P.] China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Ding, Y.; Wei, W.; Wu, W.; Davis, R. E.; Jiang, Y.; Lee, I. -M.; Hammond, R. W.; Zhao, Y.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2013 VL 162 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1111/aab.12011 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 085CZ UT WOS:000314591400005 ER PT J AU Prohens, J Whitaker, BD Plazas, M Vilanova, S Hurtado, M Blasco, M Gramazio, P Stommel, JR AF Prohens, J. Whitaker, B. D. Plazas, M. Vilanova, S. Hurtado, M. Blasco, M. Gramazio, P. Stommel, J. R. TI Genetic diversity in morphological characters and phenolic acids content resulting from an interspecific cross between eggplant, Solanum melongena, and its wild ancestor (S.incanum) SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breeding; characterisation; chlorogenic acid; functional quality; interspecific hybridisation; introgression ID CHLOROGENIC ACID; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; DOMESTICATION TRAITS; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; CAFFEIC ACID; L. CULTIVARS; FRUIT; CONSERVATION; TOMATO AB Solanum incanum, the wild ancestor of eggplant, Solanum melongena, has been considered as a source of variation for high content of phenolic acid conjugates in breeding programmes aimed at improving the functional quality of eggplant. We have evaluated the morphological and phenolic acids content in an interspecific family including S. incanum (P1), S. melongena (P2), their interspecific hybrid (F1), progeny from the selfing of the F1 (F2) and the backcross of the F1 to P2 (BC1P2). Many morphological differences were found between parents, while the F1 was intermediate for most traits. However, F1 plants were taller and pricklier and presented higher fruit flesh browning than any of the parents. F2 and BC1P2 were morphologically highly variable and the results obtained suggest that a rapid recovery of the characteristic combination of S. melongena traits can be achieved in a few backcross generations. Segregation for prickliness was found to be compatible with simple genetic control, prickliness being dominant over non-prickliness. A total of 16 phenolic acid conjugates were studied, of which chlorogenic acid (5-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid) was the most common compound in all samples, averaging 77.8% of all hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Contents of total phenolic acid conjugates were much higher in S. incanum than in S. melongena fruit flesh, and no major differences were found in the profile of phenolic acids among parents. The interspecific hybrid (F1) was intermediate between the two parents in phenolic acids content. Non-segregating generations presented considerable variation in phenolic acids content, but the range of variation was wider in segregating F2 and BC1P2 generations. Additive genetic effects were the most important in explaining the results obtained for the phenolic acids content. A number of BC1P2 plants presented a good combination of phenolic acids content and fruit weight or flesh browning. Overall, the results demonstrate that improvement of functional quality in S. melongena can be obtained using S. incanum as a donor of alleles for high phenolic acids content. C1 [Prohens, J.; Plazas, M.; Vilanova, S.; Hurtado, M.; Gramazio, P.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Conservac & Mejora Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Whitaker, B. D.] ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Blasco, M.] Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, E-46113 Moncada, Spain. [Stommel, J. R.] ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Prohens, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Conservac & Mejora Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Camino Vera 14, Valencia 46022, Spain. EM jprohens@btc.upv.es RI Prohens, Jaime/H-2228-2015 OI Prohens, Jaime/0000-0003-1181-9065 FU Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia [AGL2009-07257, RF-2008-00008-00-00] FX This work was partially financed by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia (AGL2009-07257 and RF-2008-00008-00-00). NR 55 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-4746 EI 1744-7348 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2013 VL 162 IS 2 BP 242 EP 257 DI 10.1111/aab.12017 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 085CZ UT WOS:000314591400010 ER PT J AU Henderson, JN Hazra, S Dunkle, AM Salvucci, ME Wachter, RM AF Henderson, J. Nathan Hazra, Suratna Dunkle, Alison M. Salvucci, Michael E. Wachter, Rebekka M. TI Biophysical characterization of higher plant Rubisco activase SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Rubisco regulation; Protein assembly; Quaternary structure; Protein aggregation; Thermostability; Polydispersity ID INTRINSIC FLUORESCENCE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; AAA+ PROTEINS; ATP; RESIDUES; ENZYME; BISPHOSPHATE; ATPASES; BINDING; TOBACCO AB Rubisco activase (Rca) is a chaperone-like protein of the AAA+ family, which uses mechano-chemical energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to release tightly bound inhibitors from the active site of the primary carbon fixing enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase/carboxylase (Rubisco). Mechanistic and structural investigations of Rca have been hampered by its exceptional thermolability, high degree of size polydispersity and propensity towards subunit aggregation. In this work, we have characterized the thermal stability and self-association behavior of recombinant Rca preparations, and have developed ligand screening methods. Thermal denaturation profiles generated by circular dichroism indicate that creosote and tobacco short-form Rcas are the most stable proteins examined, with an estimated mid-point temperature of 45-47 degrees C for protein denaturation. We demonstrate that ADP provides a higher degree of stabilization than ATP, that magnesium ions have a small stabilizing effect on ATP-bound, but a significant destabilizing effect on ADP-bound Rca, and that phosphate provides weak stabilization of the ADP-bound form of the protein. A dimeric species was identified by size-exclusion chromatography, suggesting that the two-subunit module may comprise the basic building block for larger assemblies. Evidence is provided that chromatographic procedures reflect non-equilibrium multimeric states. Dynamic light scattering experiments performed on nucleotide-bearing Rca support the notion that several larger, highly polydisperse assembly states coexist over a broad concentration range. No significant changes in aggregation are observed upon replacement of ADP with ATP. However, in the absence of nucleotides, the major protein population appears to consist of a monodisperse oligomer smaller than a hexamer. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Henderson, J. Nathan; Hazra, Suratna; Dunkle, Alison M.; Wachter, Rebekka M.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Salvucci, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Wachter, RM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM rwachter@asu.edu FU US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Photosynthetic Systems [DE-FG02-09-ER16123, DE-FG02-08ER-20268] FX This work was supported by grants from the US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Photosynthetic Systems Grant No. DE-FG02-09-ER16123 to R.M.W., and Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER-20268 to M.E.S. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD JAN PY 2013 VL 1834 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.09.006 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 085NB UT WOS:000314620400010 PM 22985719 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Milczarek, RR Chiu, MM AF Kahlon, T. S. Milczarek, R. R. Chiu, M. M. TI Whole Grain Gluten-free Egg-free Pastas SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 [Kahlon, T. S.; Milczarek, R. R.] ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Chiu, M. M.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM Talwinder.kahlon@ars.usda.gov; rebecca.milczarek@ars.usda.gov; maggie.chiu@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 BP 4 EP 7 DI 10.1094/CFW-58-1-0004 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 088SA UT WOS:000314856200002 ER PT J AU Nelsen, TC AF Nelsen, T. C. TI Decisions and Distributions SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 [Nelsen, T. C.] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM Nelsent@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1094/CFW-58-1-0008 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 088SA UT WOS:000314856200003 ER PT J AU Ben-Haim, Y Osteen, CD Moffitt, LJ AF Ben-Haim, Yakov Osteen, Craig D. Moffitt, L. Joe TI Policy dilemma of innovation: An info-gap approach SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Innovation; Policy selection; Robustness to uncertainty; Info-gaps; Light brown apple moth ID UNCERTAINTY; ROBUSTNESS; MODELS AB New ideas or technologies are often advocated because of their purported improvements on existing methods. However, what is new is usually less well-known and less widely tested than what is old. New methods may entail greater unknown dangers as well as greater potential advantages. The policy maker who must choose between innovation and convention faces a dilemma of innovation. We present a methodology, based on info-gap robustness, to deal with the innovation dilemma. We illustrate the approach by examining the policy decisions for managing the light brown apple moth in California. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ben-Haim, Yakov] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Mech Engn, Yitzhak Modai Chair Technol & Econ, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Osteen, Craig D.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Moffitt, L. Joe] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Ben-Haim, Y (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Mech Engn, Yitzhak Modai Chair Technol & Econ, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM yakov@technion.ac.il; costeen@ers.usda.gov; moffitt@resecon.umass.edu NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 85 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.08.011 PG 9 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 086GN UT WOS:000314672200015 ER PT J AU Neame, LA Griswold, T Elle, E AF Neame, Lisa A. Griswold, Terry Elle, Elizabeth TI Pollinator nesting guilds respond differently to urban habitat fragmentation in an oak-savannah ecosystem SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Bees; biodiversity; habitat fragmentation; nesting guilds; oak-savannah ecosystem; pollination ID FLOWER-VISITING INSECTS; BEE COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE CONTEXT; TROPICAL COUNTRYSIDE; FORAGING RANGES; DIVERSITY; HYMENOPTERA; BIODIVERSITY; RESOURCES; CONSERVATION AB . 1. Habitat fragmentation is thought to threaten biodiversity, but the response of pollinators to fragmentation is still poorly understood, and research seldom includes pollinator nesting requirements. 2. We investigated pollinator community composition in a highly fragmented oak-savannah ecosystem in south-western British Columbia, Canada. We sampled pollinators in 19 fragments ranging from 0.3 to 31 ha and surrounded by a variety of land-use types, including forest, low-density suburban, and urban neighbourhoods. Pan-trapping and netting surveys captured 4464 bees, flies, and wasps in 138 species and 48 genera. 3. Contrary to expectations, overall species richness did not increase with fragment size. However, ground-nester abundance (not diversity) and cavity-nester diversity (not abundance) were higher in larger fragments, as expected. Floral richness and abundance did not foster pollinator diversity for either guild. Brood parasite responses were complex: host availability (ground-nesting bees) was generally important, richness and abundance increased in fragments with high surrounding road density, and abundance also increased in fragments with other habitat fragments nearby. 4. Responses of different nesting guilds to fragmentation may be related to their use of the landscape surrounding habitat fragments. Some common cavity nesters can nest in fences and gardens, but urban land use may be less hospitable for ground nesters. Brood parasites apparently respond both to host availability and landscape characteristics associated with movement among fragments. 5. Consideration of nesting requirements of pollinators provided some insight into their response to habitat loss in our analysis and should be considered in future studies of fragmentation impacts on pollinator biodiversity. C1 [Neame, Lisa A.; Elle, Elizabeth] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Evolutionary & Behav Ecol Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Griswold, Terry] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Griswold, Terry] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Elle, E (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Evolutionary & Behav Ecol Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM eelle@sfu.ca FU Endangered Species Recovery Fund of WWF-Canada; Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) of Canada FX We are grateful to M. Jackson, T. Jones, Z. Tulcsik, and especially E. Udal for field and laboratory assistance, and O. Messinger, K. Huntzinger, J. Gibbs, and especially H. Ikerd for assistance with insect identification. The National Research Council of Canada, Capital Regional District, The District of Saanich, the District of Central Saanich, the Municipality of Oak Bay, the Municipality of Esquimalt and the City of Victoria provided site access. A. Mooers, N. Dulvy, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the Endangered Species Recovery Fund of WWF-Canada, Environment Canada, and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery Grant to EE. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 12 U2 150 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-458X J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00187.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 075JC UT WOS:000313880200007 ER PT J AU Mickler, RA Cissel, JH Laurence, J AF Mickler, Robert A. Cissel, John H. Laurence, John TI Advances in understanding and managing wildland fire: communicating wildland fire research to land-management practitioners SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Editorial Material DE burn severity; community preparedness; decision support; fire behaviour; fire effects; forest thinning; fuel models; live fuels; mechanical treatment; risk assessment; social science; soil erosion; smoke transport AB The health and function of forest ecosystems throughout the world include periodic exposure to disturbances such as fire. Fire has been instrumental in the evolution of large segments of flora and fauna and in preventing fuel accumulations that resulted in extreme fire behaviour and ecosystem degradation. However, wildland fuels have been accumulating over several of the past decades because of suppression-orientated wildland fire policies, silvicultural and grazing practices, invasions of invasive species, increased density and range of flammable indigenous plants, landscape fragmentation, and related natural and anthropogenic causes. The additional fuels have contributed to increased severe fire behaviour, fire intensity, forest mortality, and post-fire soil damage and erosion. The aftermath of severe wildland fires include ecosystems degraded by extreme fire temperatures and duration, reductions in ecosystem function, altered forest structure, altered natural fire regimes, and increased wildfire risk and imminent threats to life and property from uncontrollable fires. We review 10 years of advances in fire science in the eight papers presented in this Special Issue. The studies and reviews are compiled to present the diverse disciplines of fire science that range from the social science of the public's perception of fire to basic research on the theory of fire spread. C1 [Mickler, Robert A.] Alion Sci & Technology Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Cissel, John H.] Joint Fire Sci Program, Boise, ID 83705 USA. [Laurence, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Mickler, RA (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technology Corp, 100 Pk 40 Plaza,Suite 200, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM rmickler@alionscience.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 45 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP I EP IV DI 10.1071/WFv22n1_FO PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085GR UT WOS:000314603700001 ER PT J AU Miller, C Ager, AA AF Miller, Carol Ager, Alan A. TI A review of recent advances in risk analysis for wildfire management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE burn probability; fire likelihood; hazard; risk assessment; risk science ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; ASSESSING FIRE RISK; FUEL TREATMENT; UNITED-STATES; CROWN FIRE; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; DECISION-MAKING; LANDSCAPE; FOREST; SIMULATION AB Risk analysis evolved out of the need to make decisions concerning highly stochastic events, and is well suited to analyse the timing, location and potential effects of wildfires. Over the past 10 years, the application of risk analysis to wildland fire management has seen steady growth with new risk-based analytical tools that support a wide range of fire and fuels management planning scales from individual incidents to national, strategic interagency programs. After a brief review of the three components of fire risk - likelihood, intensity and effects - this paper reviews recent advances in quantifying and integrating these individual components of fire risk. We also review recent advances in addressing temporal dynamics of fire risk and spatial optimisation of fuels management activities. Risk analysis approaches have become increasingly quantitative and sophisticated but remain quite disparate. We suggest several necessary and fruitful directions for future research and development in wildfire risk analysis. C1 [Miller, Carol] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Ager, Alan A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. RP Miller, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM cmiller04@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Fire and Aviation Management FX We thank the USDA Forest Service Fire and Aviation Management for financial support to the risk management research program at the Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center, as well as the National Fire Plan and Joint Fire Science Program for supporting risk management research. NR 115 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 70 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1071/WF11114 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085GR UT WOS:000314603700002 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, S Toman, E Stidham, M Shindler, B AF McCaffrey, Sarah Toman, Eric Stidham, Melanie Shindler, Bruce TI Social science research related to wildfire management: an overview of recent findings and future research needs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE citizen-agency interactions; communication and outreach; community preparedness; fuels management; homeowner mitigation; public acceptance; risk perception; trust ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; NORTHERN INLAND WEST; FIRE-MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; FOREST-SERVICE; COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES; REDUCTION STRATEGIES; COMMUNITY RESPONSES; FUELS MANAGEMENT; NATIONAL FOREST AB As with other aspects of natural-resource management, the approach to managing wildland fires has evolved over time as scientific understanding has advanced and the broader context surrounding management decisions has changed. Prior to 2000 the primary focus of most fire research was on the physical and ecological aspects of fire; social science research was limited to a small number of studies. However, as more people moved into fire-prone areas interest grew in understanding relevant social dynamics. This growing interest was supported by increased funding for fire research overall with the creation of the Joint Fire Science Program in 1998 and the National Fire Plan in 2000. In subsequent years, a significant body of research has developed on the human dimensions of wildland fire covering diverse topics including: attitudes towards pre-fire mitigation, social acceptability of fire and fuels management, community preparedness, public response during fires, citizen-agency communications and post-fire recovery. This paper reports on two aspects of a Joint Fire Science Program project intended to take stock of the key social science lessons provided to date: a basic review of findings in the non-economic fire social science literature and identification of future research needs. C1 [McCaffrey, Sarah] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Evanston, IL 60626 USA. [Toman, Eric] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Stidham, Melanie; Shindler, Bruce] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McCaffrey, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 1033 Univ Pl,360, Evanston, IL 60626 USA. EM smccaffrey@fs.fed.us NR 114 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 61 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1071/WF11115 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085GR UT WOS:000314603700003 ER PT J AU Finney, MA Cohen, JD McAllister, SS Jolly, WM AF Finney, Mark A. Cohen, Jack D. McAllister, Sara S. Jolly, W. Matt TI On the need for a theory of wildland fire spread SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire behaviour; fuel ignition; heat transfer; live fuels ID LIVE FUEL MOISTURE; PILOTED IGNITION; CROWN-FIRE; FLAME SPREAD; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; COMBUSTIBLE SOLIDS; PHYSICAL MODELS; CRITICAL HEAT; MASS-TRANSFER; FOREST AB We explore the basis of understanding wildland fire behaviour with the intention of stimulating curiosity and promoting fundamental investigations of fire spread problems that persist even in the presence of tremendous modelling advances. Internationally, many fire models have been developed based on a variety of assumptions and expressions for the fundamental heat transfer and combustion processes. The diversity of these assumptions raises the question as to whether the absence of a sound and coherent fire spread theory is partly responsible. We explore the thesis that, without a common understanding of what processes occur and how they occur, model reliability cannot be confirmed. A theory is defined as a collection of logically connected hypotheses that provide a coherent explanation of some aspect of reality. Models implement theory for a particular purpose, including hypotheses of phenomena and practical uses, such as prediction. We emphasise the need for theory and demonstrate the difference between theory and modelling. Increasingly sophisticated fire management requires modelling capabilities well beyond the fundamental basis of current models. These capabilities can only be met with fundamental fire behaviour research. Furthermore, possibilities as well as limitations for modelling may not be known or knowable without first having the theory. C1 [Finney, Mark A.; Cohen, Jack D.; McAllister, Sara S.; Jolly, W. Matt] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Finney, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM mfinney@fs.fed.us; jcohen@fs.fed.us; smcallister@fs.fed.us; mjolly@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service, National Fire Decision Support Center; Joint Fire Sciences Program FX Funding for this work was provided by the US Forest Service, National Fire Decision Support Center and the Joint Fire Sciences Program. NR 113 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 34 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1071/WF11117 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085GR UT WOS:000314603700004 ER PT J AU Hyde, K Dickinson, MB Bohrer, G Calkin, D Evers, L Gilbertson-Day, J Nicolet, T Ryan, K Tague, C AF Hyde, Kevin Dickinson, Matthew B. Bohrer, Gil Calkin, David Evers, Louisa Gilbertson-Day, Julie Nicolet, Tessa Ryan, Kevin Tague, Christina TI Research and development supporting risk-based wildfire effects prediction for fuels and fire management: status and needs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE decision support; integrated assessment; spatial scale; temporal scale ID CROSS-SCALE INTERACTIONS; LONGLEAF PINE FORESTS; WILDLAND FIRE; TREE MORTALITY; SURFACE-FIRE; COMPLEX TERRAIN; DEBRIS FLOWS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; VEGETATION MODEL; EMPIRICAL-MODELS AB Wildland fire management has moved beyond a singular focus on suppression, calling for wildfire management for ecological benefit where no critical human assets are at risk. Processes causing direct effects and indirect, long-term ecosystem changes are complex and multidimensional. Robust risk-assessment tools are required that account for highly variable effects on multiple values-at-risk and balance competing objectives, to support decision making. Providing wildland fire managers with risk-analysis tools requires a broad scientific foundation in fire behaviour and effects prediction as well as high quality computer-based tools and associated databases. We outline a wildfire risk-assessment approach, highlight recent developments in fire effects science and associated research needs, and recommend developing a comprehensive plan for integrated advances in wildfire occurrence, behaviour and effects research leading to improved decision support tools for wildland fire managers. We find that the current state of development in fire behaviour and effects science imposes severe limits on the development of risk-assessment technology. In turn, the development of technology has been largely disconnected from the research enterprise, resulting in a confusing array of ad hoc tools that only partially meet decision-support needs for fuel and fire management. We make the case for defining a common risk-based analytic framework for fire-effects assessment across the range of fire-management activities and developing a research function to support the framework. C1 [Hyde, Kevin] Collins Consulting, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Calkin, David; Gilbertson-Day, Julie] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Evers, Louisa] Oregon State Off, Bur Land Management, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Nicolet, Tessa] US Forest Serv, USDA, Reg Reg Off 3, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Ryan, Kevin] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Tague, Christina] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hyde, K (reprint author), Collins Consulting, 911 W Pedregosa St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM kgeogmt@msn.com RI Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Calkin, David/F-4727-2014; OI Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540; Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 NR 157 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 39 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1071/WF11143 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085GR UT WOS:000314603700005 ER PT J AU Keane, RE AF Keane, Robert E. TI Describing wildland surface fuel loading for fire management: a review of approaches, methods and systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE fire behaviour; fire effects; fuel classification; fuel inventory; fuel models ID CHARACTERISTIC CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MULTIPLE SCALES; BOREAL FORESTS; BEHAVIOR; MODELS; ECOSYSTEM; USA AB Wildland fuelbeds are exceptionally complex, consisting of diverse particles of many sizes, types and shapes with abundances and properties that are highly variable in time and space. This complexity makes it difficult to accurately describe, classify, sample and map fuels for wildland fire research and management. As a result, many fire behaviour and effects software prediction systems use a generalised description of fuels to simplify data collection and entry into various computer programs. There are several major fuel description systems currently used in the United States, Canada and Australia, and this is a source of confusion for many in fire management. This paper (1) summarises the challenges of describing fuels, (2) contrasts approaches (association, classification and abstraction) for developing fuel description systems and (3) discusses possible future directions in wildland fuel description and science to transition to a universal fuel description system. Most discussion centres on surface fuel loadings as the primary descriptive characteristic. This synthesis paper is intended to provide background for understanding surface fuel classification and description systems and their use in simulating fire behaviour and effects, quantifying carbon inventories and evaluating site productivity. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM rkeane@fs.fed.us NR 117 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 54 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1071/WF11139 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085GR UT WOS:000314603700006 ER PT J AU McIver, JD Stephens, SL Agee, JK Barbour, J Boerner, REJ Edminster, CB Erickson, KL Farris, KL Fettig, CJ Fiedler, CE Haase, S Hart, SC Keeley, JE Knapp, EE Lehmkuhl, JF Moghaddas, JJ Otrosina, W Outcalt, KW Schwilk, DW Skinner, CN Waldrop, TA Weatherspoon, CP Yaussy, DA Youngblood, A Zack, S AF McIver, James D. Stephens, Scott L. Agee, James K. Barbour, Jamie Boerner, Ralph E. J. Edminster, Carl B. Erickson, Karen L. Farris, Kerry L. Fettig, Christopher J. Fiedler, Carl E. Haase, Sally Hart, Stephen C. Keeley, Jon E. Knapp, Eric E. Lehmkuhl, John F. Moghaddas, Jason J. Otrosina, William Outcalt, Kenneth W. Schwilk, Dylan W. Skinner, Carl N. Waldrop, Thomas A. Weatherspoon, C. Phillip Yaussy, Daniel A. Youngblood, Andrew Zack, Steve TI Ecological effects of alternative fuel-reduction treatments: highlights of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate study (FFS) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE dry forest management; forest thinning; frequent fire regimes; mechanical treatment; oak; pine; prescribed fire; seasonally dry forests ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; SEASONALLY DRY FORESTS; UPLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION RESPONSE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; BURNING RESTORATION TREATMENTS AB The 12-site National Fire and Fire Surrogate study (FFS) was a multivariate experiment that evaluated ecological consequences of alternative fuel-reduction treatments in seasonally dry forests of the US. Each site was a replicated experiment with a common design that compared an un-manipulated control, prescribed fire, mechanical and mechanical + fire treatments. Variables within the vegetation, fuelbed, forest floor and soil, bark beetles, tree diseases and wildlife were measured in 10-ha stands, and ecological response was compared among treatments at the site level, and across sites, to better understand the influence of differential site conditions. For most sites, treated stands were predicted to be more resilient to wildfire if it occurred shortly after treatment, but for most ecological variables, short-term response to treatments was subtle and transient. Strong site-specificity was observed in the response of most ecosystem variables, suggesting that practitioners employ adaptive management at the local scale. Because ecosystem components were tightly linked, adaptive management would need to include monitoring of a carefully chosen set of key variables. Mechanical treatments did not serve as surrogates for fire for most variables, suggesting that fire be maintained whenever possible. Restoration to pre-settlement conditions will require repeated treatments over time, with eastern forests requiring more frequent applications. C1 [McIver, James D.; Erickson, Karen L.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Stephens, Scott L.; Moghaddas, Jason J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Agee, James K.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barbour, Jamie] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Boerner, Ralph E. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aronoff Lab 280, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Edminster, Carl B.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Farris, Kerry L.; Zack, Steve] N Amer Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Fettig, Christopher J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Fiedler, Carl E.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Haase, Sally] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Hart, Stephen C.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Hart, Stephen C.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.; Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Lehmkuhl, John F.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Otrosina, William; Outcalt, Kenneth W.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schwilk, Dylan W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Waldrop, Thomas A.] Clemson Univ, So Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Yaussy, Daniel A.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Youngblood, Andrew] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP McIver, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, POB E, Union, OR 97883 USA. EM james.mciver@oregonstate.edu OI Yaussy, Daniel/0000-0003-1127-7809 FU US Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) [99-S-1, 04-S-02]; USDA National Research Initiative [96-03859]; 2000 National Fire Plan; management community for the implementation of treatments FX This is contribution number 200 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate study, funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP Grant numbers 99-S-1 and 04-S-02). Partial funding for the Blue Mountains site was provided by a grant from the USDA National Research Initiative (96-03859). Financial support for the Southern Appalachian Mountains and Gulf Coastal Plain sites was provided by the 2000 National Fire Plan. Contributed support, from the management community for the implementation of treatments, and from universities and federal research organisations for payment of permanent salaries, was also necessary to achieve project success. We thank all of our many colleagues and students who helped to design and carry out the FFS study, our partners in the management community whose expertise and dedication was critical for implementation of the treatments, and to the hundreds of individuals who participated in the project over the years. Special thanks as well to Susan Conard, without whom the project would never have got off the ground in the first place. NR 192 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 8 U2 84 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 63 EP 82 DI 10.1071/WF11130 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085GR UT WOS:000314603700007 ER PT J AU Goodrick, SL Achtemeier, GL Larkin, NK Liu, YQ Strand, TM AF Goodrick, Scott L. Achtemeier, Gary L. Larkin, Narasimhan K. Liu, Yongqiang Strand, Tara M. TI Modelling smoke transport from wildland fires: a review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review ID AIR-QUALITY IMPACTS; FOREST-FIRES; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; STOCHASTIC-MODELS; UNITED-STATES; PLUME RISE; SIMULATION; SYSTEM; DISPERSION AB Among the key issues in smoke management is predicting the magnitude and location of smoke effects. These vary in severity from hazardous (acute health conditions and drastic visibility impairment to transportation) to nuisance (regional haze), and occur across a range of scales (local to continental). Over the years a variety of tools have been developed to aid in predicting smoke effects. This review follows the development of these tools, from various indices and simple screening models to complex air quality modelling systems, with a focus on how each tool represents key processes involved in smoke transport. C1 [Goodrick, Scott L.; Achtemeier, Gary L.; Liu, Yongqiang] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Larkin, Narasimhan K.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Strand, Tara M.] New Zealand Forestry Inst, Rotrua 3046, New Zealand. RP Goodrick, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sgoodrick@fs.fed.us RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 FU Joint Fire Science Program [08-1-6-04, 08-1-6-06, 08-1-10] FX The authors acknowledge support from the Joint Fire Science Program through multiple grants (08-1-6-04, 08-1-6-06, 08-1-10). NR 67 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 45 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1071/WF11116 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085GR UT WOS:000314603700008 ER PT J AU Robichaud, PR Ashmun, LE AF Robichaud, Peter R. Ashmun, Louise E. TI Tools to aid post-wildfire assessment and erosion-mitigation treatment decisions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE burn severity; erosion modeling; remote sensing; resource valuation ID BURN SEVERITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE SEVERITY; FOREST; REGIMES; RATES; USA AB A considerable investment in post-fire research over the past decade has improved our understanding of wildfire effects on soil, hydrology, erosion and erosion-mitigation treatment effectiveness. Using this new knowledge, we have developed several tools to assist land managers with post-wildfire assessment and treatment decisions, such as prediction models, research syntheses, equipment and methods for field measurements, reference catalogues and databases of past-practice, and spreadsheets for calculating resource valuation and cost-benefit analysis. These tools provide relevant science to post-fire assessment teams and land managers in formats that often can be directly entered into assessment and treatment decision-making protocols. Providing public access to these tools through the internet not only has increased their dissemination, but also has allowed them to be updated and improved as new knowledge and technology become available. The use of these science-based tools has facilitated a broader application of current knowledge to post-fire management in the United States and in other fire-prone areas around the world. C1 [Robichaud, Peter R.; Ashmun, Louise E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Robichaud, PR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM probichaud@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We are grateful for over a decade of generous support from the Joint Fire Science Program, a cooperative effort of the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service and Department of Interior. This research was also supported by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and several National Forests where our studies have been done. Our research is integrated and dependent on all of the work done by the engineering research groups at the Moscow, Idaho Laboratory; thus we want to thank Drs William Elliot and Randy Foltz along with their research teams for the open collaboration that has resulted in so many useful tools. We also thank all the past and present BAERBONES RESEARCH associates whose hard work and enthusiasm for the often tedious and difficult tasks make this research not only possible but enjoyable. We thank three anonymous reviewers, the guest editor, and the journal editor who provided comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 35 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1071/WF11162 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085GR UT WOS:000314603700009 ER PT J AU Edwards, JF Dubey, JP AF Edwards, J. F. Dubey, J. P. TI TOXOPLASMOSIS: DOES RECRUDESCENCE OCCUR IN A FLOCK IN BREEDING SEASONS AFTER AN OUTBREAK? SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Edwards, J. F.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 148 IS 1 BP 52 EP 52 PG 1 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 086HE UT WOS:000314673900026 ER PT J AU Fleisher, DH Wang, Q Timlin, DJ Chun, JA Reddy, VR AF Fleisher, D. H. Wang, Q. Timlin, D. J. Chun, J. -A. Reddy, V. R. TI EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY ON POTATO DRY MATTER ALLOCATION AND CANOPY MORPHOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE potato; phosphorus; carbon dioxide; climate change; carbon allocation ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; DIFFERING P-REGIMES; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; INDIVIDUAL LEAVES; LEAF APPEARANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER-STRESS; GROWTH AB Data on combined effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) and phosphorus fertilization (P) on potato are scarce. Growth chamber studies (E1 and E2) that used three P and two CO2 levels were conducted. Leaf, stem, tuber, and stolon dry matter increased with P. Lateral-stem production was sensitive to P with a minimum 2.5-fold increase in mass. Leaf length increased an average 20.2% in E1 and 38.2% in E2 and leaf area increased an average 336% in E1 and 470% in E2 across CO2 levels. Tuber dry mass increased 22% in E1 and 38.2% in E2 in response to elevated CO2 and total dry mass by 14.1 and 15.4%. Tissue P contents increased with P but were unaffected by CO2. Effects of P on canopy branching were associated with plant N status. The studies suggest elevated CO2 levels are unlikely to alter potato P requirements on a unit mass basis. C1 [Fleisher, D. H.; Timlin, D. J.; Chun, J. -A.; Reddy, V. R.] ARS, USDA, ANRI Crop Syst & Global Change, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Q.] Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD USA. RP Fleisher, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI Crop Syst & Global Change, Bldg 001,Rm 342,Barc W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.fleisher@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 36 IS 4 BP 566 EP 586 DI 10.1080/01904167.2012.751998 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 085UI UT WOS:000314639400006 ER PT J AU Wang, HF Livingston, KA Fox, CS Meigs, JB Jacques, PF AF Wang, Huifen Livingston, Kara A. Fox, Caroline S. Meigs, James B. Jacques, Paul F. TI Yogurt consumption is associated with better diet quality and metabolic profile in American men and women SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Yogurt; Milk; Diet; Nutrition status; Metabolic profile; Human ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DAIRY CONSUMPTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CONTINUING SURVEY; MAGNESIUM INTAKE; MILK-PRODUCTS; UNITED-STATES; ADULTS; RISK; PLASMA AB The evidence-based Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends increasing the intake of fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products. However, yogurt, a nutrient-dense milk product, has been understudied. This cross-sectional study examined whether yogurt consumption was associated with better diet quality and metabolic profile among adults (n = 6526) participating in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring (1998-2001) and Third Generation (2002-2005) cohorts. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake, and the Dietary Guidelines Adherence Index (DGAI) was used to measure overall diet quality. Standardized clinical examinations and laboratory tests were conducted. Generalized estimating equations examined the associations of yogurt consumption with diet quality and levels of metabolic factors. Approximately 64% of women (vs 41% of men) were yogurt consumers (ie, consumed >0 servings/week). Yogurt consumers had a higher DGAI score (ie, better diet quality) than nonconsumers. Adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors and DGAI, yogurt consumers, compared with nonconsumers, had higher potassium intakes (difference, 0.12 g/d) and were 47%, 55%, 48%, 38%, and 34% less likely to have inadequate intakes (based on Dietary Reference Intake) of vitamins B2 and B12, calcium, magnesium, and zinc, respectively (all P <= .001). In addition, yogurt consumption was associated with lower levels of circulating triglycerides, glucose, and lower systolic blood pressure and insulin resistance (all P < .05). Yogurt is a good source of several micronutrients and may help to improve diet quality and maintain metabolic well-being as part of a healthy, energy-balanced dietary pattern. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Huifen; Livingston, Kara A.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Fox, Caroline S.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Gen Internal Med Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Paul.jacques@tufts.edu FU National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institute of Health [NO1-HC-25195]; US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; The Dannon Company, Inc. FX This work was supported by National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institute of Health (contract number: NO1-HC-25195), US Department of Agriculture Agreement 58-1950-7-707, and a research grant from The Dannon Company, Inc. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.11.009 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 084TE UT WOS:000314561200003 PM 23351406 ER PT J AU Carey, AN Fisher, DR Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B AF Carey, Amanda N. Fisher, Derek R. Joseph, James A. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara TI The ability of walnut extract and fatty acids to protect against the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and inflammation in hippocampal cells SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hippocampal cells; Inflammation; Omega-3; Oxidative stress; Walnut ID CALCIUM HYPOTHESIS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BRAIN; NEURODEGENERATION; POLYPHENOLS; ACTIVATION; DECREMENTS; DOPAMINE; BENEFITS; NEURONS AB Previous research from our lab has demonstrated that dietary walnut supplementation protects against age-related cognitive declines in rats; however, the cellular mechanisms by which walnuts and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may affect neuronal health and functioning in aging are undetermined. Objectives: We assessed if pretreatment of primary hippocampal neurons with walnut extract or PUFAs would protect cells against dopamine- and lipopolysaccharide-mediated cell death and calcium dysregulation. Methods: Rat primary hippocampal neurons were pretreated with varying concentrations of walnut extract, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, or docosahexaenoic acid prior to exposure to either dopamine or lipopolysaccharide. Viability was assessed using the Live/Dead Cellular Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit. Also, the ability of the cells to return to baseline calcium levels after depolarization was measured with fluorescent imaging. Results: Results indicated that walnut extract, alpha-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid provided significant protection against cell death and calcium dysregulation; the effects were pretreatment concentration dependent and stressor dependent. Linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were not as effective at protecting hippocampal cells from these insults. Discussion: Walnut extract and omega-3 fatty acids may protect against age-related cellular dysfunction, but not all PUFAs are equivalent in their beneficial effects. C1 [Carey, Amanda N.; Fisher, Derek R.; Joseph, James A.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara] Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA HNRCA, Neurosci & Aging Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM barbara.shukitthale@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Intramural; California Walnut Commission FX This research was supported by USDA Intramural and the California Walnut Commission. We thank Katharine Luskin and Vivian Cheng for assistance in completing the experiments. Also, we thank Dr Lauren Willis for preparation of the walnut extract. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 24 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1028-415X J9 NUTR NEUROSCI JI Nutr. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1179/1476830512Y.0000000023 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 087OL UT WOS:000314771400003 PM 23321679 ER PT J AU Vishwanathan, R Neuringer, M Snodderly, DM Schalch, W Johnson, EJ AF Vishwanathan, Rohini Neuringer, Martha Snodderly, D. Max Schalch, Wolfgang Johnson, Elizabeth J. TI Macular lutein and zeaxanthin are related to brain lutein and zeaxanthin in primates SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brain; Cognition; Lutein; Macula; Zeaxanthin ID PIGMENT OPTICAL-DENSITY; OCULAR-DOMINANCE COLUMNS; MONKEY STRIATE CORTEX; N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; NUTRITIONAL MANIPULATION; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; RHESUS-MONKEYS; CAROTENOIDS; AGE; RETINAS AB Objectives: Xanthophyll pigments lutein and zeaxanthin cross the blood-retina barrier to preferentially accumulate in the macular region of the neural retina. There they form macular pigment, protecting the retina from blue light damage and oxidative stress. Lutein and zeaxanthin also accumulate in brain tissue. The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between retinal and brain levels of these xanthophylls in non-human primates. Methods: Study animals included rhesus monkeys reared on diets devoid of xanthophylls that were subsequently fed pure lutein or pure zeaxanthin (both at 3.9 mu mol/kg per day, n = 6/group) and normal rhesus monkeys fed a stock diet (0.26 mu mol/kg per day lutein and 0.24 mu mol/kg per day zeaxanthin, n = 5). Retina (4 mm macular punch, 4-8 mm annulus, and periphery) and brain tissue (cerebellum, frontal cortex, occipital cortex, and pons) from the same animals were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Lutein in the macula and annulus was significantly related to lutein levels in the cerebellum, occipital cortex, and pons, both in bivariate analysis and after adjusting for age, sex and n-3 fatty acid status. In the frontal cortex the relationship was marginally significant. Macular zeaxanthin was significantly related to zeaxanthin in the cerebellum and frontal cortex, while the relationship was marginally significant in the occipital cortex and pons in a bivariate model. Discussion: An integrated measure of total macular pigment optical density, which can be measured non-invasively, has the potential to be used as a biomarker to assess brain lutein and zeaxanthin status. C1 [Vishwanathan, Rohini; Johnson, Elizabeth J.] Tufts Univ, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Neuringer, Martha] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Oregon Natl Primate Res Ctr, Beaverton, OR USA. [Snodderly, D. Max] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Snodderly, D. Max] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Neurosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Snodderly, D. Max] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Perceptual Syst, Neurobiol Sect, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Schalch, Wolfgang] DSM Nutr Prod Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland. RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM elizabeth.johnson@tufts.edu FU USDA [581950-7-07]; DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. [DK29930, RR000163]; Foundation Fighting Blindness FX USDA 581950-7-07 and DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., NIH grants DK29930 and RR000163, and The Foundation Fighting Blindness. NR 43 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 12 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1028-415X J9 NUTR NEUROSCI JI Nutr. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1179/1476830512Y.0000000024 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 087OL UT WOS:000314771400004 PM 22780947 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Ma, JB Chen, X Wang, XJ Ding, K Han, DJ Qu, ZP Huang, LL Kang, ZS AF Huang, Xue-Ling Ma, Jin-Biao Chen, Xianming Wang, Xiao-Jie Ding, Ke Han, De-Jun Qu, Zhi-Peng Huang, Li-Li Kang, Zhen-Sheng TI Genes involved in adult plant resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104 SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Puccinia striiformis; Adult plant resistance; Suppressive subtractive hybridization; Expression profiling ID F-SP TRITICI; BARLEY BAX INHIBITOR-1; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; PENETRATION RESISTANCE; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; COMPATIBLE INTERACTION; DURABLE RESISTANCE; BLUMERIA-GRAMINIS; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; EXPRESSION AB Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. Adult plant resistance to stripe rust resistance in wheat is often durable. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism of adult plant resistance, a suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) approach was used to identify wheat genes induced by Pst infection at the adult plant stage. Based on the putative functions of 436 SSH-derived unigene sequences, we characterized defense responses triggered during infection and development of adult plant resistance in wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104. Eighty nine genes were found to be involved in defense and signal transduction. Twelve of the genes were selected for time-course expression analyses using quantitative RT-PCR. Nine of those genes were induced by Pst infection, including those predicted to encode peroxidase, BAX inhibitor, Concanavalin A-like lectin/glucanase, subtilisin-chymotrypsin inhibitor, chinase, glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase and acidic PR5 precursor. We found that some PR protein genes kept high expression levels longer in the adult plants than in seedlings after Pst infection. This study is the first to report a concanavalin A-like lectin/glucanase involved in plant defense against pathogen infection. The large number of genes obtained through constructing the SSH library are valuable for further studies to achieve a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of stripe rust resistance in wheat and also useful for studying resistance mechanisms in other plant pathosystems. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Xue-Ling; Ma, Jin-Biao; Wang, Xiao-Jie; Ding, Ke; Han, De-Jun; Qu, Zhi-Peng; Huang, Li-Li; Kang, Zhen-Sheng] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Huang, Xue-Ling; Ma, Jin-Biao; Wang, Xiao-Jie; Ding, Ke; Han, De-Jun; Qu, Zhi-Peng; Huang, Li-Li; Kang, Zhen-Sheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kang, ZS (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn OI Wang, Xiaojie/0000-0001-9968-0373 FU Nature Science Foundation of China [30930064]; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB127700]; Specialized Project of Transgenic Crops of Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011ZX08002-001]; Ministry of Education of China [B07049] FX This study was supported by grants from the Nature Science Foundation of China (30930064), the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2013CB127700), the Specialized Project of Transgenic Crops of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2011ZX08002-001) and the 111 Project from Ministry of Education of China (B07049). NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 81 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2012.10.004 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 088DT UT WOS:000314814700005 ER PT J AU Bailey, BA Crozier, J Sicher, RC Strem, MD Melnick, R Carazzolle, MF Costa, GGL Pereira, GAG Zhang, DP Maximova, S Guiltinan, M Meinhardt, L AF Bailey, Bryan A. Crozier, Jayne Sicher, Richard C. Strem, Mary D. Melnick, Rachel Carazzolle, Marcelo F. Costa, Gustavo G. L. Pereira, Goncalo A. G. Zhang, Dapeng Maximova, Siela Guiltinan, Mark Meinhardt, Lyndel TI Dynamic changes in pod and fungal physiology associated with the shift from biotrophy to necrotrophy during the infection of Theobroma cacao by Moniliophthora roreri SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frosty pod; Cacao; Molecular plant microbe interactions; Metabolomics; Hemibiotroph; Glyoxylate cycle ID WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; ATP-BINDING CASSETTE; CRINIPELLIS-PERNICIOSA; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORTER; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; DROUGHT RESPONSE AB Theobroma cacao pods were inoculated with meiospores of Moniliophthora roreri (Mr), a hemibiotrophic basidiomycete causing frosty pod rot. Pods were malformed 30 days after inoculation (DAI) and sporulation was observed 60 DAI. Glucose and asparagine concentrations decreased and mannitol and malonate increased in infected pods 30 DAI. By 60 DAI, most carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids were drastically reduced by infection. Mannitol and succinic acid levels increased 60 DAI and likely originated from Mr. RT-qPCR analysis of cacao ESTs indicated a strong response to infection 30 DAI in malformed pod. Evidence indicated that biotrophic hyphae colonized pods and a shift to necrotrophic growth occurred later (during the end stages of infection). Expression of cacao ESTs associated with plant hormone biosynthesis and action was altered. Changes in the expression of Mr ESTs in response to nutrient deficiency in pure culture were small. Changes in Mr gene expression patterns and levels of specific metabolites in necrotic sporulating pods 60 DAI compared to malformed pods 30 DAI indicated that the glyoxylate cycle of Mr was up regulated during the shift from biotrophic to necrotrophic phases of the disease cycle. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bailey, Bryan A.; Strem, Mary D.; Melnick, Rachel; Zhang, Dapeng; Meinhardt, Lyndel] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Crozier, Jayne] CATIE, CABI Caribbean & Latin Amer CATIE Off, Turrialba 7170, Costa Rica. [Sicher, Richard C.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Carazzolle, Marcelo F.; Costa, Gustavo G. L.; Pereira, Goncalo A. G.] U Estadual Campinas, Lab Genom & Expressao, Dept Genet Evolucao & Bioagentes, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Maximova, Siela; Guiltinan, Mark] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bryan.bailey@ars.usda.gov RI Pereira, Goncalo /B-7944-2012; Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella/C-6503-2012; Costa, Gustavo/B-6312-2009; UNICAMP, CCES - /J-7787-2015; OI Melnick, Rachel/0000-0002-5113-2551 FU USDA ARS FX This work was funded by USDA ARS. References to a company and/or product by the USDA are only for the purposes of information and do not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S. W., Washington, D. C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 81 BP 84 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2012.11.005 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 088DT UT WOS:000314814700011 ER PT J AU Chaudhari, SS Arakane, Y Specht, CA Moussian, B Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S Beeman, RW AF Chaudhari, Sujata S. Arakane, Yasuyuki Specht, Charles A. Moussian, Bernard Kramer, Karl J. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Beeman, Richard W. TI Retroactive Maintains Cuticle Integrity by Promoting the Trafficking of Knickkopf into the Procuticle of Tribolium castaneum SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CHITIN SYNTHASES; DIFFERENTIATION; ORGANIZATION; PROTEINS; INSECTS; FAMILY AB Molting, or the replacement of the old exoskeleton with a new cuticle, is a complex developmental process that all insects must undergo to allow unhindered growth and development. Prior to each molt, the developing new cuticle must resist the actions of potent chitinolytic enzymes that degrade the overlying old cuticle. We recently disproved the classical dogma that a physical barrier prevents chitinases from accessing the new cuticle and showed that the chitin-binding protein Knickkopf (Knk) protects the new cuticle from degradation. Here we demonstrate that, in Tribolium castaneum, the protein Retroactive (TcRtv) is an essential mediator of this protective effect of Knk. TcRtv localizes within epidermal cells and specifically confers protection to the new cuticle against chitinases by facilitating the trafficking of TcKnk into the procuticle. Down-regulation of TcRtv resulted in entrapment of TcKnk within the epidermal cells and caused molting defects and lethality in all stages of insect growth, consistent with the loss of TcKnk function. Given the ubiquity of Rtv and Knk orthologs in arthropods, we propose that this mechanism of new cuticle protection is conserved throughout the phylum. C1 [Chaudhari, Sujata S.; Kramer, Karl J.; Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Arakane, Yasuyuki] Chonnam Natl Univ, Div Plant Biotechnol, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Kwangju, South Korea. [Specht, Charles A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Moussian, Bernard] Univ Tubingen, Interfac Inst Cell Biol, Tubingen, Germany. [Kramer, Karl J.; Beeman, Richard W.] ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Chaudhari, SS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM sujatasv@ksu.edu; rbeeman@cox.net OI Moussian, Bernard/0000-0002-2854-9500 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-1022227] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant IOS-1022227. This is contribution 13-036-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7404 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 AR e1003268 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003268 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 085YZ UT WOS:000314651500086 PM 23382702 ER PT J AU Lu, F Lipka, AE Glaubitz, J Elshire, R Cherney, JH Casler, MD Buckler, ES Costich, DE AF Lu, Fei Lipka, Alexander E. Glaubitz, Jeff Elshire, Rob Cherney, Jerome H. Casler, Michael D. Buckler, Edward S. Costich, Denise E. TI Switchgrass Genomic Diversity, Ploidy, and Evolution: Novel Insights from a Network-Based SNP Discovery Protocol SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID REDUCED REPRESENTATION LIBRARY; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; POLYMORPHISM DISCOVERY; LINKAGE MAP; MAIZE; SEQUENCE; MODEL; COMPLEXITY; SELECTION; SOFTWARE AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial grass that has been designated as an herbaceous model biofuel crop for the United States of America. To facilitate accelerated breeding programs of switchgrass, we developed both an association panel and linkage populations for genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS). All of the 840 individuals were then genotyped using genotyping by sequencing (GBS), generating 350 GB of sequence in total. As a highly heterozygous polyploid (tetraploid and octoploid) species lacking a reference genome, switchgrass is highly intractable with earlier methodologies of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery. To access the genetic diversity of species like switchgrass, we developed a SNP discovery pipeline based on a network approach called the Universal Network-Enabled Analysis Kit (UNEAK). Complexities that hinder single nucleotide polymorphism discovery, such as repeats, paralogs, and sequencing errors, are easily resolved with UNEAK. Here, 1.2 million putative SNPs were discovered in a diverse collection of primarily upland, northern-adapted switchgrass populations. Further analysis of this data set revealed the fundamentally diploid nature of tetraploid switchgrass. Taking advantage of the high conservation of genome structure between switchgrass and foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.), two parent-specific, synteny-based, ultra high-density linkage maps containing a total of 88,217 SNPs were constructed. Also, our results showed clear patterns of isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-ploidy in natural populations of switchgrass. Phylogenetic analysis supported a general south-to-north migration path of switchgrass. In addition, this analysis suggested that upland tetraploid arose from upland octoploid. All together, this study provides unparalleled insights into the diversity, genomic complexity, population structure, phylogeny, phylogeography, ploidy, and evolutionary dynamics of switchgrass. C1 [Lu, Fei; Lipka, Alexander E.; Glaubitz, Jeff; Elshire, Rob; Buckler, Edward S.; Costich, Denise E.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Lipka, Alexander E.; Buckler, Edward S.; Costich, Denise E.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. [Cherney, Jerome H.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [Casler, Michael D.] ARS, USDA, Madison, WI USA. [Casler, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lu, F (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM d.costich@cgiar.org OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Elshire, Robert/0000-0003-1753-6920 FU United States Department of Energy; United States Department of Agriculture Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Program [DE-AI02-07ER64454]; National Science Foundation [0820619, 0965342]; United States Department of Agriculture FX This project was funded by the United States Department of Energy and United States Department of Agriculture Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Program (Project no. DE-AI02-07ER64454), National Science Foundation awards 0820619 and 0965342, and the United States Department of Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 190 Z9 191 U1 21 U2 208 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7404 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 AR e1003215 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003215 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 085YZ UT WOS:000314651500057 PM 23349638 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Mayba, O Pfeiffer, A Shi, H Tepperman, JM Speed, TP Quail, PH AF Zhang, Yu Mayba, Oleg Pfeiffer, Anne Shi, Hui Tepperman, James M. Speed, Terence P. Quail, Peter H. TI A Quartet of PIF bHLH Factors Provides a Transcriptionally Centered Signaling Hub That Regulates Seedling Morphogenesis through Differential Expression-Patterning of Shared Target Genes in Arabidopsis SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS; GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION; CHLOROPHYLL BIOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; SHADE AVOIDANCE; FAMILY-MEMBERS; CHIP-CHIP; LIGHT; NETWORK AB Dark-grown seedlings exhibit skotomorphogenic development. Genetic and molecular evidence indicates that a quartet of Arabidopsis Phytochrome (phy)-Interacting bHLH Factors (PIF1, 3, 4, and 5) are critically necessary to maintaining this developmental state and that light activation of phy induces a switch to photomorphogenic development by inducing rapid degradation of the PIFs. Here, using integrated ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses, we have identified genes that are direct targets of PIF3 transcriptional regulation, exerted by sequence-specific binding to G-box (CACGTG) or PBE-box (CACATG) motifs in the target promoters genome-wide. In addition, expression analysis of selected genes in this set, in all triple pif-mutant combinations, provides evidence that the PIF quartet members collaborate to generate an expression pattern that is the product of a mosaic of differential transcriptional responsiveness of individual genes to the different PIFs and of differential regulatory activity of individual PIFs toward the different genes. Together with prior evidence that all four PIFs can bind to G-boxes, the data suggest that this collective activity may be exerted via shared occupancy of binding sites in target promoters. C1 [Zhang, Yu; Pfeiffer, Anne; Shi, Hui; Tepperman, James M.; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Yu; Pfeiffer, Anne; Shi, Hui; Tepperman, James M.; Quail, Peter H.] ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Mayba, Oleg; Speed, Terence P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@berkeley.edu FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; China Scholarship Council; NIH [5R01 GM083084-03, 2R01 GM-047475]; DOE [DEFG03-87ER13742]; USDA ARS Current Research Information System [5335-21000-027-00D] FX This work was supported by a Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation to AP; by China Scholarship Council to HS; by NIH Grant 5R01 GM083084-03 to TPS; and by NIH Grant 2R01 GM-047475, DOE Grant DEFG03-87ER13742, and USDA ARS Current Research Information System Grant 5335-21000-027-00D to PHQ. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 5 U2 110 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7404 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 AR e1003244 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003244 PG 20 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 085YZ UT WOS:000314651500079 PM 23382695 ER PT J AU Crawford, MA Broadhurst, CL Guest, M Nagar, A Wang, YQ Ghebremeskel, K Schmidt, WF AF Crawford, Michael A. Broadhurst, C. Leigh Guest, Martin Nagar, Atulya Wang, Yiqun Ghebremeskel, Kebreab Schmidt, Walter F. TI A quantum theory for the irreplaceable role of docosahexaenoic acid in neural cell signalling throughout evolution SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Fatty Acids and Cell Signaling meeting (FACS) CY NOV 06-09, 2011 CL Louisiana State Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA SP Sch Med Neuroscience Ctr Excellence HO Louisiana State Univ Hlth Sci Ctr ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; BRAIN; MEMBRANES; PROTEINS; STATE; DHA AB Six hundred million years ago, the fossil record displays the sudden appearance of intracellular detail and the 32 phyla. The "Cambrian Explosion" marks the onset of dominant aerobic life. Fossil intracellular structures are so similar to extant organisms that they were likely made with similar membrane lipids and proteins, which together provided for organisation and specialisation. While amino acids could be synthesised over 4 billion years ago, only oxidative metabolism allows for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids, thus producing novel lipid molecular species for specialised cell membranes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) provided the core for the development of the photoreceptor, and conversion of photons into electricity stimulated the evolution of the nervous system and brain. Since then, DHA has been conserved as the principle acyl component of photoreceptor synaptic and neuronal signalling membranes in the cephalopods, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds, mammals and humans. This extreme conservation in electrical signalling membranes despite great genomic change suggests it was DHA dictating to DNA rather than the generally accepted other way around. We offer a theoretical explanation based on the quantum mechanical properties of DHA for such extreme conservation. The unique molecular structure of DHA allows for quantum transfer and communication of pi-electrons, which explains the precise depolarisation of retinal membranes and the cohesive, organised neural signalling which characterises higher intelligence. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Crawford, Michael A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Canc & Surg, Div Reprod Physiol Obstet & Gynaecol, London SW10 9NH, England. [Broadhurst, C. Leigh; Schmidt, Walter F.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Guest, Martin; Nagar, Atulya] Liverpool Hope Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Wang, Yiqun; Ghebremeskel, Kebreab] London Metropolitan Univ, London, England. RP Crawford, MA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Canc & Surg, Div Reprod Physiol Obstet & Gynaecol, Room 334,Chelsea & Westminster Hosp Campus,369 Fu, London SW10 9NH, England. EM michael.crawford@imperial.ac.uk RI Nagar, Atulya/A-6387-2012; OI Nagar, Atulya/0000-0001-5549-6435; Wang, Yiqun/0000-0003-4225-3033 FU Letten Foundation; Mother and Child Foundation FX We wish to thank the Letten and Mother and Child Foundations for their support. We are also grateful to the Uganda Game Department, Makerere Medical College and the Zoological Society of London for their contribution to the initial evidence for the significance of DHA in the evolution of the brain. This paper is in recognition and memory of the late Philip Tobias whose support following his Dual Congress of Paleoanthropology and Biology, in Sun City, South Africa 1998 was an important stimulus to persevere with this story. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-3278 EI 1532-2823 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD JAN PY 2013 VL 88 IS 1 SI SI BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.08.005 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 085LD UT WOS:000314615400003 PM 23206328 ER PT J AU Cutler, WG Brewer, RC El-Kadi, A Hue, NV Niemeyer, PG Peard, J Ray, C AF Cutler, William G. Brewer, Roger C. El-Kadi, Aly Hue, Nguyen V. Niemeyer, Patrick G. Peard, John Ray, Chittaranjan TI Bioaccessible arsenic in soils of former sugar cane plantations, Island of Hawaii SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Andisols; Arsenic; Bioaccessibility; In vitro assay; Soil contamination; Hawaii ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; IN-VIVO; IRON; LEAD; SPECIATION; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION AB Arsenical herbicides were used extensively for emergent weed control in Hawaiian sugar cane cultivation from 1913 to about 1950. As a result, surface soil arsenic concentrations average 280 mg kg(-1) across more than 60 km(2) of former sugar plantation land in the eastern portion of the Island of Hawaii. This study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between soil properties and arsenic bioaccessibility in the iron-rich volcanic soils. Soils are predominantly Andisols, formed by weathering of basaltic lava and tephra, with pedogenic solid phases consisting of short-range order iron oxyhydroxides, allophane-like aluminosilicates, and metal-humus compounds. These reactive solid phases strongly adsorb oxyanions, such as phosphate and arsenite/arsenate. High arsenic sorption capacity limits desorption and vertical migration within the soil column and prevents contamination of the underlying groundwater aquifer, despite high arsenic loading and precipitation rates. In vitro arsenic bioaccessibility, as measured by the SBRC gastric-phase test, ranges from 2% to 35% and averages 9% of total arsenic. Bioaccessible arsenic is higher in less weathered soils (Udifolists, Typic and Lithic Hydrudands) and lower in more weathered ash-dominant soils (Acrudoxic Hydrudands). Soil weathering indicators, such as reactive iron content, are strong predictors of arsenic bioaccessibility. Based on evidence from soil mineralogy, geochemistry and arsenic speciation, as well as limited soil arsenic bioavailability/bioaccessibility comparisons, risks to human health from direct contact (soil ingestion) are significantly reduced by low arsenic bioaccessibility. Nonetheless, some soils within former sugar cane cultivation areas contain bioaccessible arsenic concentrations exceeding Hawaii Department of Health risk-based action levels, and will require mitigating actions. Even higher levels of soil arsenic contamination have been identified at former pesticide storage and mixing areas, but are generally of localized extent. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cutler, William G.] Integral Consulting Inc, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Cutler, William G.; El-Kadi, Aly] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Brewer, Roger C.] Hawaii Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [El-Kadi, Aly; Ray, Chittaranjan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hue, Nguyen V.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Niemeyer, Patrick G.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Peard, John] Hawaii Dept Hlth, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Ray, Chittaranjan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Cutler, WG (reprint author), Integral Consulting Inc, 285 Century Pl,Suite 190, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. EM wcutler@integral-corp.com FU Hawaii Department of Health FX This work was conducted under a funding by Hawaii Department of Health to the University of Hawaii at Manoa Water Resources Research Center. Support was provided by Dr. John Drexler of the University of Colorado Laboratory for Environmental and Geological Studies (in vitro assays and microprobe analysis), Dr. Peggy O'Day of University of California, Merced (XAFS training and analysis), and Dr. John Sinton of the University of Hawaii at Manoa (WDXRF analysis). Project mentors included Dr. Kathleen Ruttenberg and Dr. Rosalind Schoof. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 442 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.081 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075WP UT WOS:000313918200023 PM 23178778 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Dunne, EJ Novak, J King, KW McLellan, E Smith, DR Strock, J Boomer, K Tomer, M Noe, GB AF Kroeger, R. Dunne, E. J. Novak, J. King, K. W. McLellan, E. Smith, D. R. Strock, J. Boomer, K. Tomer, M. Noe, G. B. TI Downstream approaches to phosphorus management in agricultural landscapes: Regional applicability and use SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Phosphorus; Best management practice; Aquatic system; Agriculture ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; IN-STREAM WETLAND; PALUSTRINE FORESTED WETLANDS; WATER TREATMENT RESIDUALS; 2-STAGE CHANNEL SYSTEMS; APPLIED POULTRY LITTER; FURNACE STEEL SLAG; LOW-GRADE WEIRS; DRAINAGE DITCHES; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS AB This review provides a critical overview of conservation practices that are aimed at improving water quality by retaining phosphorus (P) downstream of runoff genesis. The review is structured around specific downstream practices that are prevalent in various parts of the United States. Specific practices that we discuss include the use of controlled drainage, chemical treatment of waters and soils, receiving ditch management, and wetlands. The review also focuses on the specific hydrology and biogeochemistry associated with each of those practices. The practices are structured sequentially along flowpaths as you move through the landscape, from the edge-of-field, to adjacent aquatic systems, and ultimately to downstream P retention. Often practices are region specific based on geology, cropping practices, and specific P related problems and thus require a right practice, and right place mentality to management. Each practice has fundamental P transport and retention processes by systems that can be optimized by management with the goal of reducing downstream P loading after P has left agricultural fields. The management of P requires a system-wide assessment of the stability of P in different biogeochemical forms (particulate vs. dissolved, organic vs. inorganic), in different storage pools (soil, sediment, streams etc.), and under varying biogeochemical and hydrological conditions that act to convert P from one form to another and promote its retention in or transport out of different landscape components. There is significant potential of hierarchically placing practices in the agricultural landscape and enhancing the associated P mitigation. But an understanding is needed of short- and long-term P retention mechanisms within a certain practice and incorporating maintenance schedules if necessary to improve P retention times and minimize exceeding retention capacity. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kroeger, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dunne, E. J.] Bur Environm Sci, St Johns River Water Management Dist, Div Water Resources, Palatka, FL 32177 USA. [Novak, J.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [King, K. W.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [McLellan, E.] Environm Def Fund, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Smith, D. R.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Strock, J.] Univ Minnesota, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. [Boomer, K.] Nat Conservancy Maryland DC Off, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Tomer, M.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Noe, G. B.] USGS, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rkroger@cfr.msstate.edu OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU Joyce Foundation; Mississippi Agricultural Forestry Experiment Station; Forest and Wildlife Research Center FX Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) organized a workshop in July 2011 on "Increasing the Assimilative Capacity of Agricultural Landscapes". The workshop brought together experts from multiple backgrounds studying the movement transformation and storage of P. The authors would gratefully acknowledge funding from the Joyce Foundation for associated costs of the workshop. Robbie Kroger would like to acknowledge the Mississippi Agricultural Forestry Experiment Station and the Forest and Wildlife Research Center for support. NR 142 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 109 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 442 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.038 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075WP UT WOS:000313918200032 PM 23178830 ER PT J AU Hua, B Yan, WG Yang, J AF Hua, Bin Yan, Wengui Yang, John TI Response of rice genotype to straighthead disease as influenced by arsenic level and water management practices in soil SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Rice; Straighthead disease; Arsenic uptake; MSMA; Soil iron redox transformation; Water management ID IRON; GRAIN; ACCUMULATION; ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATE; L.; BANGLADESH; SPECIATION; CULTIVARS; BEHAVIOR AB Arsenic (As) uptake by rice plants and the straighthead disease induced by As-based herbicide are of environmental concerns. Bioavailability or mobility of inorganic As in soil has been reported to be significantly influenced by soil minerals such as iron (hydr) oxide; however, the interactions of organic As such as monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) with soil minerals are little studied, thus largely unknown. In an effort to minimize the As uptake by rice and determine rice cultivar response to soil MSMA level, a field experiment was conducted on three rice cultivars grown in both MSMA-treated and -untreated soils under continuous or intermittent flood water management practices. Results indicated that the grain yield and the occurrence of straighthead disease were cultivar-dependent and influenced by soil As level and water management practices. Straighthead-resistant cultivars yielded more and had lower grain As than the susceptible ones. Elevated soil As with continuous flood management significantly reduced the grain yield of susceptible cultivars by >89% due to substantially increased straighthead, which were induced by increased As content in grains. Yield reduction by MSMA treatment could be partially mitigated with intermittent flood water practice. The As accumulation was found to be associated with soil iron redox transformation influenced by the water management. This study demonstrates that the selection of less As-susceptible cultivars and intermittent flood water practice could be effective means to lower the As accumulation in grains and minimize the occurrence of the As-induced straighthead symptom and yield reduction. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hua, Bin; Yang, John] Lincoln Univ Missouri, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. [Yan, Wengui] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Lincoln Univ Missouri, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, 310 Foster Hall, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. EM huab@lincolnu.edu; Wengui.Yan@ars.usda.gov; yangj@lincolnu.edu FU USDA-NIFA [0215149]; Cooperative Research Program, Lincoln University of Missouri [2012013] FX Contribution from the Cooperative Research Program, Lincoln University of Missouri, No. 2012013.; This research was funded by the USDA-NIFA through grant (No. 0215149) to Lincoln University of Missouri. Authors would like to thank Tiffany Sookaserm, Yao Zhou and Biaolin Hu for the sample collection and preparation, and Brandid Clark and Joy Pyles for the assistance in sample analysis. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 442 BP 432 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.032 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075WP UT WOS:000313918200048 PM 23183123 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JB Solis, MA AF Sullivan, J. Bolling Solis, M. Alma TI A new species of Palpita (Crambidae, Spilomelinae) from the coastal plains of southeastern United States SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Taxonomy; Palpita; Spilomelinae; coastal plain; North Carolina; Florida; Alabama AB A new species of Palpita Hubner (Crambidae, Spilomelinae), P. maritima, sp. n., is described from maritime forests of the coastal plains of southeastern United States. C1 [Solis, M. Alma] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Sullivan, JB (reprint author), 200 Craven St, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM sullivan14@earthlink.net; alma.solis@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Forest Service FX Thanks to Mark Metz (SEL) who made genitalic dissections for MAS. James Hayden, Florida Department of Agriculture, provided additional specimens from Florida for morphological study. Richard Broadwell and Brad Smith helped collect material for this study that was partially funded by the U.S. Forest Service (Hall et al. 1999). NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2013 IS 264 SI SI BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.3897/zookeys.264.4363 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 086KW UT WOS:000314683500002 PM 23730175 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI A review of the Paectes arcigera species complex (Guenee) (Lepidoptera, Euteliidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Taxonomy; new species; Brazilian peppertree; Schinus terebinthifolius; Anacardiaceae; invasive species; new host records ID FLORIDA AB Five new species of Paectes Hubner [1818] related to Paectes arcigera (Guenee) (Puerto Rico, U. S. Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Lucia, Trinidad) and P. longiformis Pogue (Brazil) are described: P. asper sp. n. (Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, British Virgin Islands, U. S. Virgin Islands, Dominica, Colombia), P. medialba sp. n. (Argentina), P. similis sp. n. (Brazil), P. sinuosa sp. n. (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay), and P. tumida sp. n. (Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana). Adults and genitalia are illustrated for all species. Taxonomic changes include the rev. stat. of P. nana (Walker) (Florida, Greater Antilles, Mexico, Guatemala, Galapagos) as a valid species and revised synonyms P. indefatigabilis Schaus and P. isabel Schaus as junior synonyms of P. nana instead of P. arcigera. New host records for P. sinuosa and P. nana reared on Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae) are presented. The holotype and female genitalia of P. obrotunda (Guenee) are illustrated. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA,NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA,NMNH, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2013 IS 264 SI SI BP 125 EP 163 DI 10.3897/zookeys.264.3274 PG 39 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 086KW UT WOS:000314683500007 PM 23730180 ER PT J AU Metzler, EH Knudson, EC Poole, RW Lafontaine, JD Pogue, MG AF Metzler, Eric H. Knudson, Edward C. Poole, Robert W. Lafontaine, J. Donald Pogue, Michael G. TI A review of the genus Ogdoconta Butler (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Condicinae, Condicini) from North America north of Mexico with descriptions of three new species SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Review DE Biological diversity; Condicinae; Condicini; Arizona; New Mexico; Texas; Ogdoconta; Carlsbad Caverns National Park; Louisiana; Mississippi; Florida AB The species of the genus Ogdoconta Butler, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Condicinae, Condicini) from North America north of Mexico are reviewed, and a description of the genus is given. Ogdoconta satana Metzler, Knudson & Poole, sp. n., is described from New Mexico and Texas, Ogdoconta rufipenna Metzler, Knudson & Poole, sp. n., is described from Arizona, and Ogdoconta fergusoni Metzler & Lafontaine, sp. n., is described from Florida, Mississippi, and Louisiana. A key to the species of Ogdoconta of North America north of Mexico is provided. Adult moths and male and female genitalia of Ogdoconta satana, O. rufipenna, O. fergusoni, O. cinereola (Guenee, 1852), O. moreno Barnes, 1907, O. sexta Barnes & McDunnough, 1913, O. altura Barnes, 1904, and O. tacna (Barnes, 1904) are illustrated. C1 [Metzler, Eric H.] USNM Nat Hist Museum, Alamogordo, NM 88311 USA. [Knudson, Edward C.] Texas Lepidoptera Survey, Houston, TX 77055 USA. [Poole, Robert W.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lafontaine, J. Donald] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Canadian Natl Collect Insects Arachnids & Nematod, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Pogue, Michael G.] Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Metzler, EH (reprint author), USNM Nat Hist Museum, POB 45, Alamogordo, NM 88311 USA. EM metzlere@msu.edu FU Chihuahuan Desert Conservation Alliance, Carlsbad, NM FX The National Parks Foundation, Washington, DC, the Adopt-A-Bat program, administered by the Carlsbad Caverns-Guadalupe Mountain Association, Carlsbad, NM, and the Chihuahuan Desert Conservation Alliance, Carlsbad, NM all contributed travel funding for the study of Lepidoptera at Carlsbad Caverns National Park. We are grateful for their financial support. Renee West, Supervisory Biologist, Carlsbad Caverns National Park was especially helpful with logistics. Jocelyn Gill provided her special skills in preparation of the figures. Several persons were available for consultation, or made specimens or photographs or data available for study from their institutions or personal collections; Vernon A. Brou, Jr., Richard L. Brown, Charles V. Covell, Jr., Jason J. Dombroskie, Julian P. Donahue, John B. Heppner, E. Richard Hoebeke, Leroy C. Koehn, Jon A. Lewis, James K. Liebherr, Philip D. Perkins, Michele A. Touchet, J. Bruce Walsh, Andrew D. Warren, and Weiping Xie. Martin Honey from the Natural History Museum, London, examined the type of O. cymographa Hampson, 1910, and he placed the Lectotype label on the syntype specimen of Placodes cinereola Guenee, 1852. Patricia A. Metzler faithfully accompanied Metzler on his many collecting trips to Carlsbad Caverns National Park, and she accompanied him on several long driving trips to Washington, DC and other locations for the purpose of identifying specimens. She contributed financially to the study. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2013 IS 264 SI SI BP 165 EP 191 DI 10.3897/zookeys.264.4060 PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 086KW UT WOS:000314683500008 PM 23717183 ER PT J AU Saito, S Dunne, KJ Evans, KJ Barry, K Cadle-Davidson, L Wilcox, WF AF Saito, S. Dunne, K. J. Evans, K. J. Barry, K. Cadle-Davidson, L. Wilcox, W. F. TI Optimisation of techniques for quantification of Botrytis cinerea in grape berries and receptacles by quantitative polymerase chain reaction SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Botrytis cinerea; Botryotinia fuckeliana; detection; pathogen coefficient; quantitative PCR ID TIME PCR ASSAY; DISEASE EXPRESSION; INFECTION; LATENCY; DETECT; IDENTIFICATION; FLOWERS; PLANTA; LEAVES; DNA AB Background and Aims Bunch rot symptoms can appear weeks after the infection of grape flowers by Botrytis cinerea. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detects changes in the DNA mass of a target organism and is a potential tool for studying quiescent infections. The aim was to optimise a duplex qPCR to quantify B.?cinerea DNA in the background of endogenous Vitis vinifera DNA. Methods and Results Three DNA extraction techniques and three probe sets were compared. The optimised qPCR using the Bc3 probe set was 1000-fold more sensitive than other probe sets, with a threshold cycle value of <33 for as little as 1 picogram of B.?cinerea DNA. The duplex assay successfully detected an increasing amount of B.?cinerea DNA when mixed with V.?vinifera DNA or of B.?cinerea conidia when added to grape receptacles. Conclusions Duplex assays quantifying B.?cinerea DNA in the background of endogenous grape DNA were efficient and sensitive, with calculation of a pathogen coefficient allowing comparison of results among assays. Significance of the Study The results demonstrate the potential to monitor symptomless, quiescent infections and to investigate the consequence of an intervention (e.g. a fungicide treatment) before disease symptoms are visible. C1 [Saito, S.; Cadle-Davidson, L.; Wilcox, W. F.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Dunne, K. J.; Evans, K. J.; Barry, K.] Univ Tasmania, Tasmanian Inst Agr, Perennial Hort Ctr, Newtown, Tas 7008, Australia. [Cadle-Davidson, L.] Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Cadle-Davidson, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM lance.cadledavidson@ars.usda.gov RI Barry, Karen/D-8161-2012; Evans, Katherine/C-3157-2008 OI Barry, Karen/0000-0003-2297-7931; FU Cornell University; USDA-NIFA Viticulture Consortium-East; New York Wine and Grape Foundation; Australian grape growers and winemakers through Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation [UT0601]; Australian wine sector (Australian Government) FX The authors acknowledge Dr Marc Fuchs, Dr Chris Smart, Judy Burr, Duane Riegel, John Gottula and Dr Kameka Johnson for helpful conversations related to the project and manuscript; Dr Peter Cousins and Dr Gan-Yuan Zhong for providing plant material; and Holly Lange and Nicholas Trask for technical support in qPCR manipulation. Cornell University, USDA-NIFA Viticulture Consortium-East and the New York Wine and Grape Foundation provided support for the project. This work was also supported by Australian grape growers and winemakers through their investment body Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation (Project No UT0601). Support from the Australian wine sector was matched by the Australian Government. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1322-7130 J9 AUST J GRAPE WINE R JI Aust. J. Grape Wine Res. PY 2013 VL 19 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1111/ajgw.12011 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 077TA UT WOS:000314049700009 ER PT J AU Neill, JD AF Neill, John D. TI o Molecular biology of bovine viral diarrhea virus SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article DE Pestivirus; Viral proteins; Non-structural proteins; Polyprotein processing ID GLYCOPROTEIN E-RNS; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-3; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; PESTIVIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HEPATITIS-C; PROTEASOMAL DEGRADATION; 5'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; RUMINANT PESTIVIRUSES AB Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) are arguably the most important viral pathogen of ruminants worldwide and can cause severe economic loss. Clinical symptoms of the disease caused by BVDV range from subclinical to severe acute hemorrhagic syndrome, with the severity of disease being strain dependent. These viruses are classified as members of the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae. BVDV are considered primarily a pathogen of cattle but can infect most ruminant species. The virus particle consists of a lipid bilayer membrane surrounding the encapsidated genomic RNA. Inserted in the outer membrane are two virus-encoded glycoproteins that contain the major antigenic determinants of the virus as well as receptor binding and cell fusion functions. A third glycoprotein is weakly associated with the virion, but also possesses unique features that play important roles in suppression of innate immunity. The viral proteins are encoded in a single, large open reading frame. The viral proteins are proteolytically cleaved from the polyprotein by different proteases. The structural proteins are processed by cellular signal peptidases while the processing of the nonstructural proteins is by the viral serine protease. The virus is assembled and matures in the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi bodies of the cell. The virus is released via exocytosis, where viral proteins are not exposed on the surface of the cell. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Alliance for Biological Standardization. C1 USDA ARS, RDIRU, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Neill, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, RDIRU, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM john.neill@ars.usda.gov NR 115 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD JAN PY 2013 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.07.002 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 083DE UT WOS:000314442100002 PM 22884672 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF AF Ridpath, Julia F. TI Immunology of BVDV vaccines SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article DE Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Vaccine; Immunology ID BOVINE-VIRAL-DIARRHEA; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY ACCESSIONS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MUCOSAL DISEASE; NEUTRALIZING ACTIVITY; CONTAMINATED VACCINE; MATERNAL ANTIBODY AB Providing acquired immune protection against infection with bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) is challenging due to the heterogeneity that exists among BVDV strains and the ability of the virus to infect the fetus and establish persistent infections. Both modified live and killed vaccines have been shown to be efficacious under controlled conditions. Both humoral and cellular immune responses are protective. Following natural infection or vaccination with a modified live vaccine, the majority of the B cell response (as measured by serum antibodies) is directed against the viral proteins E2 and NS2/3, with minor responses against the Ems and E1 proteins. Vaccination with killed vaccines results in serum antibodies directed mainly at the E2 protein. It appears that the major neutralizing epitopes are conformational and are located within the N-terminal half of the E2 protein. While it is thought that the E2 and NS2/3 proteins induce protective T cell responses, these epitopes have not been mapped. Prevention of fetal infections requires T and B cell response levels that approach sterilizing immunity. The heterogeneity that exists among circulating BVDV strains, works against establishing such immunity. Vaccination, while not 100% effective in every individual animal, is effective at the herd level. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Alliance for Biological Standardization. C1 USDA ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Julia.Ridpath@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 107 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD JAN PY 2013 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.07.003 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 083DE UT WOS:000314442100004 PM 22883306 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Neill, JD AF Ridpath, Julia F. Neill, John D. TI Conclusions and final remarks SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ridpath, Julia F.; Neill, John D.] ARS, RDIRU, USDA, NADC, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD JAN PY 2013 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 61 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.07.008 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 083DE UT WOS:000314442100010 ER PT J AU Backoulou, GF Elliott, NC Giles, KL Rao, MN AF Backoulou, Georges F. Elliott, Norman C. Giles, Kristopher L. Rao, Mahesh N. TI Differentiating stress to wheat fields induced by Diuraphis noxia from other stress causing factors SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Stress; Diuraphis noxia; Discriminant function analysis; Spatial pattern analysis; Multispectral imagery ID DISEASE VECTOR PLANTHOPPER; RUSSIAN WHEAT; APHID HOMOPTERA; DAMAGE; MANAGEMENT; HEMIPTERA; ABUNDANCE; PEST AB The objective of this study was to develop a method to differentiate two categories of stress to wheat fields, stress induced by the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and stress caused by other factors. The study used a set of spatial pattern metrics derived from multispectral imagery acquired with an MS3100-CIR digital camera. Thematic maps were generated from the subset of multispectral image of each wheat field. A discriminant function analysis was used to determine whether the set of spatial pattern metrics derived from thematic imps could differentiate the categories of stress. The study concluded that it was possible to use class-based spatial pattern metrics to differentiate stress induced by D. noxia from other stress factors. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Backoulou, Georges F.; Giles, Kristopher L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Elliott, Norman C.] USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Rao, Mahesh N.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Backoulou, GF (reprint author), OSU Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM Georges.Backoulou@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, Oklahoma Applied Plant Science Research Program [PSA08-01] FX We thank Drs. Tom Royer and Carmen Greenwood for reviewing this manuscript, Mr. Tim Johnson for assistance with all technical aspects of the project. This study was supported by grant PSA08-01 from the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, Oklahoma Applied Plant Science Research Program. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 90 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2012.09.013 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 082KD UT WOS:000314389800007 ER PT J AU Loeb, SC Winters, EA AF Loeb, Susan C. Winters, Eric A. TI Indiana bat summer maternity distribution: effects of current and future climates SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Indiana bats; maternity habitat; Myotis sodalis; species distribution models ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MYOTIS-SODALIS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; CHAMPLAIN VALLEY; RANGE EXPANSION; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY; LACTATION; MAMMALS AB Temperate zone bats may be more sensitive to climate change than other groups of mammals because many aspects of their ecology are closely linked to temperature. However, few studies have tried to predict the responses of bats to climate change. The Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) is a federally listed endangered species that is found in the eastern United States. The northerly distribution of Indiana bat summer maternity colonies relative to their winter distributions suggests that warmer climates may result in a shift in their summer distribution. Our objectives were to determine the climatic factors associated with Indiana bat maternity range and forecast changes in the amount and distribution of the range under future climates. We used Maxent to model the suitable climatic habitat of Indiana bats under current conditions and four future climate forecasts for 202130, 203140, 204150, and 205160. Average maximum temperature across the maternity season (MayAugust) was the most important variable in the model of current distribution of Indiana bat maternity colonies with suitability decreasing considerably above 28 degrees C. The areal extent of the summer maternity distribution of Indiana bats was forecasted to decline and be concentrated in the northeastern United States and Appalachian Mountains; the western part of the current maternity range (Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio) was forecasted to become climatically unsuitable under most future climates. Our models suggest that high temperatures may be a factor in roost-site selection at the regional scale and in the future, may also be an important variable at the microhabitat scale. When behavioral changes fail to mitigate the effects of high temperature, range shifts are likely to occur. Thus, habitat management for Indiana bat maternity colonies in the northeastern United States and Appalachian Mountains of the Southeast is critical as these areas will most likely serve as climatic refugia. C1 [Loeb, Susan C.; Winters, Eric A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sloeb@fs.fed.us NR 77 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 106 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 103 EP 114 DI 10.1002/ece3.440 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 074AJ UT WOS:000313783900009 PM 23404047 ER PT J AU Anderson, N Jones, JG Page-Dumroese, D McCollum, D Baker, S Loeffler, D Chung, W AF Anderson, Nathaniel Jones, J. Greg Page-Dumroese, Deborah McCollum, Daniel Baker, Stephen Loeffler, Daniel Chung, Woodam TI A Comparison of Producer Gas, Biochar, and Activated Carbon from Two Distributed Scale Thermochemical Conversion Systems Used to Process Forest Biomass SO ENERGIES LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis; gasification; biomass; biochar; activated carbon; synthesis gas ID FAST PYROLYSIS; GASIFICATION; WOOD; COAL; SOIL; TECHNOLOGIES; TORREFACTION; GENERATION; EXPERIENCE; BIOENERGY AB Thermochemical biomass conversion systems have the potential to produce heat, power, fuels and other products from forest biomass at distributed scales that meet the needs of some forest industry facilities. However, many of these systems have not been deployed in this sector and the products they produce from forest biomass have not been adequately described or characterized with regards to chemical properties, possible uses, and markets. This paper characterizes the producer gas, biochar, and activated carbon of a 700 kg h(-1) prototype gasification system and a 225 kg h(-1) pyrolysis system used to process coniferous sawmill and forest residues. Producer gas from sawmill residues processed with the gasifier had higher energy content than gas from forest residues, with averages of 12.4 MJ m(-3) and 9.8 MJ m(-3), respectively. Gases from the pyrolysis system averaged 1.3 MJ m(-3) for mill residues and 2.5 MJ m(-3) for forest residues. Biochars produced have similar particle size distributions and bulk density, but vary in pH and carbon content. Biochars from both systems were successfully activated using steam activation, with resulting BET surface area in the range of commercial activated carbon. Results are discussed in the context of co-locating these systems with forest industry operations. C1 [Anderson, Nathaniel; Jones, J. Greg] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Page-Dumroese, Deborah] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [McCollum, Daniel] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Baker, Stephen] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Loeffler, Daniel; Chung, Woodam] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Anderson, N (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM nathanielmanderson@fs.fed.us; jgjones@fs.fed.us; ddumroese@fs.fed.us; dmccollum@fs.fed.us; sbaker03@fs.fed.us; drloeffler@fs.fed.us; woodam.chung@umontana.edu FU Rocky Mountain Research Station's Competitive Research Initiative; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Biomass Research and Development Initiative FX The authors would like to thank our research partners, Tricon Timber, LLC; Biochar Solutions, Inc.; and Tucker Engineering Associates, especially Charlie Sells, Johan Levine and Richard Tucker. Emily Lincoln, Joanne Tirocke, Wilfredo Perez, and other personnel at the Rocky Mountain Research Station worked meticulously to analyze dozens of samples in the laboratories of Wei Min Hao, Deborah Page-Dumroese, and Jim Reardon. We would also like to acknowledge the work and guidance of Colleen Rostad and David Rutherford of the USGS, as well as the assistance of Chuck Rhoades and Kelly Elder in feedstock procurement. Additional thanks to Porous Materials, Inc.; Chem-Bac Laboratories, Inc.; Professional Analytical and Consulting Services; and Alstom Power. This research was supported by funding from the Rocky Mountain Research Station's Competitive Research Initiative and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Biomass Research and Development Initiative. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 76 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 164 EP 183 DI 10.3390/en6010164 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 077IU UT WOS:000314021900010 ER PT J AU Smith, AR Kapheim, KM Perez-Ortega, B Brent, CS Wcislo, WT AF Smith, Adam R. Kapheim, Karen M. Perez-Ortega, Betzi Brent, Colin S. Wcislo, William T. TI Juvenile hormone levels reflect social opportunities in the facultatively eusocial sweat bee Megalopta genalis (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Megalopta genalis; Juvenile hormone; Social dominance; Eusociality; Endocrine physiology ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; POGONOMYRMEX-CALIFORNICUS; ECUADORIA HYMENOPTERA; ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; POLISTES-GALLICUS; BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; WASP; QUEENS; DOMINANCE AB The evolution of eusociality is hypothesized to have involved de-coupling parental care from reproduction mediated by changes in endocrine regulation. While data for obligately eusocial insects are consistent with this hypothesis, we lack information from species representative of the transition from solitary reproduction to eusociality. Here we report the first evidence for a link between endocrine processes and social behavior in a facultatively eusocial bee, Megalopta genalis (Halictidae). Using females that varied in social, reproductive, and ecological context, we measured juvenile hormone (JH), a major regulator of colony caste dynamics in other eusocial species. JH was low at adult emergence, but elevated after 10 days in all nesting females. Females reared in cages with ad lib nutrition, however, did not elevate JH levels after 10 days. All reproductive females had significantly more JH than all age-matched non-reproductive females, suggesting a gonadotropic function. Among females in established nests, RI was higher in queens than workers and solitary reproductives, suggesting a role for JH in social dominance. A lack of significant differences in JH between solitary reproductives and non-reproductive workers suggests that JH content reflects more than reproductive status. Our data support the hypothesis that endocrine modifications are involved in the evolutionary decoupling of reproductive and somatic effort in social insects. These are the first measurements of JH in a solitary-nesting hymenopteran, and the first to compare eusocial and solitary nesting individuals of the same species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Smith, Adam R.; Kapheim, Karen M.; Perez-Ortega, Betzi; Wcislo, William T.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Kapheim, Karen M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Brent, Colin S.] USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Smith, AR (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM arsmith2@gmail.com FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); general STRI research funds; Short Term Fellowship from STRI; Holmes O. Miller grant from UCLA EEB; Joan Wright Goodman award from American Women in Science; GAANN fellowship from US Department of Education; graduate mentor fellowship from the UCLA Graduate Division; graduate fellowship from the Center for Society 82 Genetics; NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant FX ARS was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) and general STRI research funds to WTW. KMK was supported by a Short Term Fellowship from STRI, a 10-week and pre-doctoral fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution, a Holmes O. Miller grant and a George Bartholomew fellowship from UCLA EEB, a Joan Wright Goodman award from American Women in Science, a GAANN fellowship from US Department of Education, a graduate mentor fellowship from the UCLA Graduate Division, a graduate fellowship from the Center for Society 82 Genetics, and a NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant. Oris Acevedo, Belkys Jimenez, and Orelis Arosemena and the rest of the STRI staff provided valuable logistic support; MJ West-Eberhard and WOH Hughes provided comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Research on BCI was conducted with permission from the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Panama. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 63 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.08.012 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 080QW UT WOS:000314259400001 PM 22986338 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Olmstead, JW Finn, CE Janick, J AF Volk, Gayle M. Olmstead, James W. Finn, Chad E. Janick, Jules TI The ASHS Outstanding Fruit Cultivar Award: A 25-year Retrospective SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fruit industry; horticulture; plant breeding; pomology ID SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; RED RASPBERRY; PEACH; APPLE AB The Outstanding Fruit Cultivar Award is a medal presented annually by the Fruit Breeding Working Group of the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) for noteworthy new fruits released over the previous 35 years. Since 1987, 38 cultivars have been recognized with medals presented at the Annual Conference of the Society. The awards celebrate the progress achieved by fruit breeders and their contributions to the world's fruit industry. C1 [Volk, Gayle M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Olmstead, James W.] Univ Florida IFAS, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Janick, Jules] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 079SS UT WOS:000314193100001 ER PT J AU Bausher, MG AF Bausher, Michael G. TI Graft Angle and Its Relationship to Tomato Plant Survival SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Solanum lycopersicum; robotics; manual grafting; pull force; rootstocks ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY-INCOMPATIBILITY AB Growing transplants that can withstand the rigors of open-field production is imperative for the successful adoption of grafting in large-scale commercial fields and especially for those who seek to adopt this technology as an alternative to soil fumigation. This study examines the relationship of tensile strength to graft angle and plant survival. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings of 'FL-47' and 'Rutgers' were used as scions on 'Roma' rootstock under greenhouse and healing chamber conditions. Scions were grafted at angles of 20 degrees, 45 degrees, and 70 degrees. After a period of 10 days, the plants were severed near ground level and subjected to pull force analysis. Pull force of the graft increased significantly with the increased graft angle. Pull force between the 20 degrees vs. 70 degrees angles increased significantly as well as those of 45 degrees vs. 70 degrees grafts (P <= 0.001). Increase in graft angle resulted in greater survival of grafted plants from 79% (20 degrees), 81% (45 degrees), and 92% (70 degrees). Fifteen commercial rootstocks grafted at 70 degrees had survival percentage rates between 97% and 100%. These studies demonstrate that the angle can significantly impact graft integrity and plant survival. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Bausher, MG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM michael.bausher@ars.usda.gov FU USDA NIFA [2011-51181-30963] FX Partial funding provided by USDA NIFA Grant 2011-51181-30963. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 079SS UT WOS:000314193100005 ER PT J AU Bausher, MG AF Bausher, Michael G. TI Serial Transmission of Plant Viruses by Cutting Implements during Grafting SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE meristem; axillary buds; plant pathogens; vegetable production ID MOSAIC-VIRUS; INFECTION AB Reciprocal grafts of two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars were made by hand using commercial grafting techniques. The razor blade used to cut the rootstock or scion was first contaminated by making a single cut on tomato plants infected with either Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) or Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). Although no transmission of TSWV was observed in these experiments, ToMV was spread plant to plant through razor blade exposure to this virus. The presence of this virus was confirmed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) at 21 days post-inoculation. The highest rate of infection was 25% of the inoculated plants. The greatest number of positive virus assays was found in the first 10 plants of each experiment. These areas contained 84% of the DAS-ELISA-positive plants. Gaps of up to 10 plants occurred during serial inoculation before infection resumed. Random dispersion occurred in two experiments. Similar results were observed whether the contaminated implement was used to cut the rootstock or the scion before graft assembly. This work demonstrates that some viruses from a single contamination can be moved in a serial manner during the grafting process, especially with varieties with minimal or no resistance to viral plant pathogens. Also, visual diagnosis cannot always be relied on as a means of eliminating virus-infected plants, especially when higher greenhouse and annealing temperatures are maintained. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Bausher, MG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM michael.bausher@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6618-13000-035-00D]; USDA NIFA [2011-51181-30963] FX Partial funding provided by USDA NIFA Grant 2011-51181-30963.; I thank Scott Adkins for his advice and assistance with the virus assays and Joseph Albano, USDA, ARS, and Pete Stoffella, University of Florida, for organizational reviews of the manuscript. I also thank Andrew Bantel, Carrie Vanderspool, and Lynn Faulkner for their technical assistance during this work and the funding agency USDA-ARS. This work is associated with USDA-ARS Research Project 6618-13000-035-00D. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 079SS UT WOS:000314193100006 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Fujiyoshi, P Browne, GT Leslie, C Kluepfel, DA AF Baumgartner, Kendra Fujiyoshi, Phillip Browne, Greg T. Leslie, Chuck Kluepfel, Daniel A. TI Evaluating Paradox Walnut Rootstocks for Resistance to Armillaria Root Disease SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Armillaria mellea; black walnut; clonal rootstocks; Juglans regia; Pterocmya stenoptera ID MELLEA; GRAPEVINE AB The most common rootstock for Juglans regia (Persian or "English" walnut) in California is Paradox, typically a hybrid off hindsii (Northern California black walnut) x J. regia. Unfortunately, Paradox is very susceptible to Armillaria root disease. The relative resistance to Armillaria mellea of six clonally propagated Paradox rootstocks (AX1, Px1, RR4 11A, RX1, Vlach, VX211) was evaluated and compared with that of clonally propagated J. hindsii rootstock selection W17, J. regia scion cultivar Chandler, and Pterocarya stenoptera (Chinese wingnut). In a growth-chamber assay, plants were micropropagated and rooted in vitro before inoculating the culture medium with A. mellea. At two months post-inoculation, the most resistant and susceptible Paradox rootstocks were AX1 and VX211, respectively, with 9% vs. 70% mortality, and this finding was consistent across three isolates of A. mellea and three replicate experiments. This broad range of resistance within Paradox is consistent with past field trials that tested other genotypes. Our finding of similarly high susceptibility of 'Chandler' and W17 (61% vs. 69% mortality) is in contrast to two field trials, in which other J. regia genotypes were more susceptible than those off. hindsii. A third trial, however, identified some J. regia genotypes as more resistant than those off. hindsii. Therefore, it is possible that W17, which was not previously tested, is an Armillaria-susceptible genotype of J. hindsii. Based on our findings of repeatable mortality levels across three isolates of A. mellea and three replicate experiments, the growth-chamber assay has promise, albeit with confirmed resistant and susceptible controls, for identifying putative resistant rootstocks (e.g., AX1) in preparation for a field trial with controlled inoculations. C1 [Baumgartner, Kendra; Fujiyoshi, Phillip; Browne, Greg T.; Kluepfel, Daniel A.] ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Leslie, Chuck] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu FU California Department of Food and Agriculture FX This research was funded by a grant to Daniel Kluepfel (PI) from the California Department of Food and Agriculture. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 079SS UT WOS:000314193100012 ER PT J AU Rinehart, TA Edwards, NC Spiers, JM AF Rinehart, Timothy A. Edwards, Ned C. Spiers, James M. TI Vernicia fordii 'Anna Bella', a New Ornamental Tung Tree Ornamental Tung Tree SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Vernicia fordii; Aleurites fordii; tung oil tree; tung nut C1 [Rinehart, Timothy A.; Edwards, Ned C.; Spiers, James M.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Rinehart, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, 810 Highway 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM Tim.Rinehart@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 123 EP 125 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 079SS UT WOS:000314193100021 ER PT J AU Beckman, TG Chaparro, JX Conner, PJ AF Beckman, Thomas G. Chaparro, Jose X. Conner, Patrick J. TI 'Gulfsnow' Peach SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Prunus persica; non-melting; breeding C1 [Beckman, Thomas G.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Chaparro, Jose X.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Conner, Patrick J.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM tom.beckman@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 126 EP 127 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 079SS UT WOS:000314193100022 ER PT J AU Stringer, SJ Draper, AD Spiers, JM Marshall, DA Smith, BJ AF Stringer, Stephen J. Draper, Arlen D. Spiers, James M. Marshall, Donna A. Smith, Barbara J. TI 'Pearl' Southern Highbush Blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Vaccinium spp.; southern highbush hybrid; fruit breeding; blueberry cultivar C1 [Stringer, Stephen J.; Marshall, Donna A.; Smith, Barbara J.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Draper, Arlen D.] ARS, USDA, Payson, AZ 85541 USA. [Spiers, James M.] ARS, USDA, Wiggins, MS 39577 USA. RP Stringer, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM Stephen.stringer@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 130 EP 131 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 079SS UT WOS:000314193100024 ER PT J AU Luo, B Yang, CH Chanussot, J Zhang, LP AF Luo, Bin Yang, Chenghai Chanussot, Jocelyn Zhang, Liangpei TI Crop Yield Estimation Based on Unsupervised Linear Unmixing of Multidate Hyperspectral Imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Airborne hyperspectral imagery; crop yield; grain sorghum field; multidate; unmixing ID VEGETATION INDEXES; COMPONENT ANALYSIS; AIRBORNE; EXTRACTION; REGRESSION; ALGORITHM; COTTON AB Hyperspectral imagery, which contains hundreds of spectral bands, has the potential to better describe the biological and chemical attributes on the plants than multispectral imagery and has been evaluated in this paper for the purpose of crop yield estimation. The spectrum of each pixel in a hyperspectral image is considered as a linear combinations of the spectra of the vegetation and the bare soil. Recently developed linear unmixing approaches are evaluated in this paper, which automatically extracts the spectra of the vegetation and bare soil from the images. The vegetation abundances are then computed based on the extracted spectra. In order to reduce the influences of this uncertainty and obtain a robust estimation results, the vegetation abundances extracted on two different dates on the same fields are then combined. The experiments are carried on the multidate hyperspectral images taken from two grain sorghum fields. The results show that the correlation coefficients between the vegetation abundances obtained by unsupervised linear unmixing approaches are as good as the results obtained by supervised methods, where the spectra of the vegetation and bare soil are measured in the laboratory. In addition, the combination of vegetation abundances extracted on different dates can improve the correlations (from 0.6 to 0.7). C1 [Luo, Bin; Zhang, Liangpei] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Luo, Bin; Chanussot, Jocelyn] GIPSA Lab, Dept Image & Signal, F-38401 Grenoble, France. [Yang, Chenghai] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Luo, B (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM robinlb2002@gmail.com; Chenghai.Yang@ars.usda.gov; jocelyn.chanussot@gipsa-lab.grenoble-inp.fr FU NSFC-ANR project XIMRI [NSFC 41061130553]; NSFC [61102129] FX Manuscript received April 1, 2011; revised October 19, 2011; accepted March 19, 2012. Date of publication June 19, 2012; date of current version December 19, 2012. This work has been funded by NSFC-ANR project XIMRI (NSFC 41061130553) and NSFC project 61102129. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 31 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 162 EP 173 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2198826 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 076NR UT WOS:000313963700018 ER PT J AU Cooper, JS Kahn, E Ebel, R AF Cooper, Joyce Smith Kahn, Ezra Ebel, Robert TI Sampling error in US field crop unit process data for life cycle assessment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Error; Inventory data; Life cycle assessment; Meta data; Parameterization; Uncertainty AB The research presented here was motivated by an interest in understanding the magnitude of sampling error in crop production unit process data developed for life cycle assessments (LCAs) of food, biofuel, and bioproduct production. More broadly, uncertainty data are placed within the context of conclusive interpretations of comparative bioproduct LCA results. Data from the US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Resource Management Survey were parameterized for 466 crop-state-year combinations, using 146 variables representing the previous crop, tillage and seed operations, irrigation, and applications of synthetic fertilizer, lime, nitrogen inhibitor, organic fertilizer, and pesticides. Data are described by Student's t distributions representing sampling error through the relative standard error (RSE) and are organized by the magnitude of the RSE by data point. Also, instances in which the bounds of the 95 % confidence intervals are less than zero or exceed actual limits are identified. Although the vast majority of the data have a RSE less than 100 %, values range from 0 to 1,600 %. The least precision was found in data collected between 2001 and 2002, in the production of corn and soybeans and in synthetic and pesticide applications and irrigation data. The highest precision was seen in the production of durum wheat, rice, oats, and peanuts and in data representing previous crops and till and seed technology use. Additionally, upwards of 20 % of the unit process, data had 95 % confidence intervals that are less than or exceed actual limits, such as an estimation of a negative area or a portion exceeding a total area, as a consequence of using a jackknife on subsets of data for which the weights are not calibrated explicitly and a low presence of certain practices. High RSE values arise from the RSE representing a biased distribution, a jackknife estimate being nearly zero, or error propagation using low-precision data. As error propagates to the final unit process data, care is required when interpreting an inventory, e.g., Monte Carlo simulation should only be sampled within the appropriate bounds. At high levels of sampling error such as those described here, comparisons of LCA bioproduct results must be made with caution and must be tested to ensure mean values are different to a desired level of significance. C1 [Cooper, Joyce Smith; Kahn, Ezra] Univ Washington, Design Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ebel, Robert] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Cooper, JS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Design Environm Lab, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cooperjs@u.washington.edu FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Library [58-8201-0-149] FX The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Library (agreement number 58-8201-0-149) funded this research. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the Economic Research Service or the US Department of Agriculture. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or Economic Research Service. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 44 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0948-3349 J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s11367-012-0454-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065RE UT WOS:000313165600017 ER PT J AU Brockerhoff, EG Suckling, DM Roques, A Jactel, H Branco, M Twidle, AM Mastro, VC Kimberley, MO AF Brockerhoff, Eckehard G. Suckling, D. Maxwell Roques, Alain Jactel, Herve Branco, Manuela Twidle, Andrew M. Mastro, Victor C. Kimberley, Mark O. TI Improving the Efficiency of Lepidopteran Pest Detection and Surveillance: Constraints and Opportunities for Multiple-Species Trapping SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Pheromones; Repellency; Lepidoptera; Lymantria dispar; Hyphantria cunea; Thaumetopoea pityocampa; Rhyacionia buoliana ID PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; LYMANTRIIDAE; SPREAD; COSTS; PINE; SLOW AB Surveillance using attractants for invasive species can allow early detection of new incursions and provide decision support to response programs. Simultaneous trapping for multiple species, by baiting traps with several lures, is expected to increase the number of species that can be targeted in surveillance programs and improve the cost-effectiveness without affecting surveillance coverage. We tested this hypothesis by choosing four potential forest and urban lepidopteran pest species that are present in Europe but not yet in New Zealand and many other countries. We deployed traps in central and southern Europe with single lures or all possible species combinations (up to four lures per trap). There was only limited interference, apparently due to trap saturation, but no evidence for interspecific repellency among lures for gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, and pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana. To assess what factors may be important in species compatibility/suitability for multiple-species trapping, we combined our results with those of previous studies conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture. For 75 combinations of pheromones, tested singly or in combination, 19 % showed no effect on trap catch for any of the species tested. In the other cases, either one or both species showed a reduction in trap catch. However, few lure combinations caused complete or nearly complete suppression. For most combinations, catches were still sufficiently high for detection purposes. Species from the same superfamily exhibited more interference than more distantly related species. Together, these results suggest that there are opportunities to improve the range of exotic pests under surveillance, at little additional cost, by multiple-species trapping for which compatibility has been demonstrated. C1 [Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.] Scion New Zealand Forest Res Inst, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand. [Suckling, D. Maxwell; Twidle, Andrew M.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Roques, Alain] INRA UR0633 Zool Forestiere, F-45075 Orleans, France. [Jactel, Herve] UMR BIOGECO INRA, Lab Forest Entomol & Biodivers, F-33612 Cestas, France. [Branco, Manuela] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Agron, Forest Res Ctr, Ctr Estudos Florestais, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. [Mastro, Victor C.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Kimberley, Mark O.] Scion New Zealand Forest Res Inst, Rotorua, New Zealand. RP Brockerhoff, EG (reprint author), Scion New Zealand Forest Res Inst, POB 29237, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand. EM eckehard.brockerhoff@scionresearch.com RI Branco, Manuela/D-5274-2011; Brockerhoff, Eckehard/C-1528-2009; Suckling, David/F-7005-2010 OI Branco, Manuela/0000-0002-8140-1257; Brockerhoff, Eckehard/0000-0002-5962-3208; Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348 FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology [C02X0501] FX We thank Ashraf El-Sayed and Lee-Anne Manning for advice on pheromone compounds and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Funding from the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology (contract C02X0501, the 'Better Border Biosecurity' programme, www.b3nz.org) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0223-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082AB UT WOS:000314363000005 PM 23254379 ER PT J AU Pearse, IS Gee, WS Beck, JJ AF Pearse, Ian S. Gee, Wai S. Beck, John J. TI Headspace Volatiles from 52 oak Species Advertise Induction, Species Identity, and Evolution, but not Defense SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VOC; Volatile; Quercus; Aposematic; Green leaf volatiles; Macroevolution ID INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; HERBIVORE; EMISSIONS; SPECIFICITY; SPECIALIST; SUFFICIENT; SELECTION; PATTERNS; TAXONOMY; INSECTS AB Leaf volatiles convey information about a plant to other organisms in their proximity. Despite increasing interest in understanding the relevance of volatile emissions for particular ecological interactions, there has been relatively little effort to assess generally what information volatile profiles transmit. We surveyed the volatile profiles of wounded and unwounded leaves of 52 oak (Quercus) species. We used phylogenetic comparison and multivariate techniques to assess in what circumstances oak individuals advertised their species identity, evolutionary history, direct defenses, or damage. We found that both species identity and evolutionary history were advertised when leaves were wounded, but species could not be differentiated by odor when leaves were not wounded. Various fatty-acid derivative compounds showed the strongest phylogenetic signal suggesting that they may best disclose taxonomic affiliations in oaks. We tested whether oak volatile composition or diversity advertised high defensive investment, but we found no evidence for this. Wounded leaves disclose much about an oak species' identity and taxonomic affiliation, but unwounded leaves do not. This is consistent with the idea that volatile information is targeted toward natural enemy recruitment. C1 [Pearse, Ian S.; Beck, John J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pearse, Ian S.; Gee, Wai S.; Beck, John J.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pearse, Ian S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Pearse, IS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ianspearse@gmail.com NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 90 EP 100 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0224-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082AB UT WOS:000314363000009 PM 23264100 ER PT J AU Parry, MAJ Andralojc, PJ Scales, JC Salvucci, ME Carmo-Silva, AE Alonso, H Whitney, SM AF Parry, Martin A. J. Andralojc, P. John Scales, Joanna C. Salvucci, Michael E. Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete Alonso, Hernan Whitney, Spencer M. TI Rubisco activity and regulation as targets for crop improvement SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE Chloroplast; photosynthesis; Rubisco; Rubisco activase; regulation; specificity; transformation ID RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; MODERATELY HIGH-TEMPERATURES; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; LARGE-SUBUNIT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HEAT-STRESS; ACTIVATION STATE; 2-CARBOXY-D-ARABINITOL 1-PHOSPHATE; BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE AB Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase) enables net carbon fixation through the carboxylation of RuBP. However, some characteristics of Rubisco make it surprisingly inefficient and compromise photosynthetic productivity. For example, Rubisco catalyses a wasteful reaction with oxygen that leads to the release of previously fixed CO2 and NH3 and the consumption of energy during photorespiration. Furthermore, Rubisco is slow and large amounts are needed to support adequate photosynthetic rates. Consequently, Rubisco has been studied intensively as a prime target for manipulations to osupercharge' photosynthesis and improve both productivity and resource use efficiency. The catalytic properties of Rubiscos from diverse sources vary considerably, suggesting that changes in turnover rate, affinity, or specificity for CO2 can be introduced to improve Rubisco performance in specific crops and environments. While attempts to manipulate plant Rubisco by nuclear transformation have had limited success, modifying its catalysis by targeted changes to its catalytic large subunit via chloroplast transformation have been much more successful. However, this technique is still in need of development for most major food crops including maize, wheat, and rice. Other bioengineering approaches for improving Rubisco performance include improving the activity of its ancillary protein, Rubisco activase, in addition to modulating the synthesis and degradation of Rubisco's inhibitory sugar phosphate ligands. As the rate-limiting step in carbon assimilation, even modest improvements in the overall performance of Rubisco pose a viable pathway for obtaining significant gains in plant yield, particularly under stressful environmental conditions. C1 [Parry, Martin A. J.; Andralojc, P. John; Scales, Joanna C.] Rothamsted Res, Plant Biol & Crop Sci, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Salvucci, Michael E.; Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Alonso, Hernan; Whitney, Spencer M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Plant Sci Div, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. RP Parry, MAJ (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Plant Biol & Crop Sci, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM martin.parry@rothamsted.ac.uk RI Whitney, Spencer/C-9266-2009; Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/G-7437-2012; OI Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/0000-0001-6059-9359; Parry, Martin/0000-0002-4477-672X FU BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-10ER20268]; Australian Research Council FX MAJP and PJA are scientists within 20: 20 Wheat which is supported by a BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme. MES and ECS work on Rubisco and Rubisco activase was funded by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy (grant no. DE-FG02-10ER20268 to MES). Research by HA and SMW was funded by the Australian Research Council. We thank the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) support of the Photosynthesis Workshop in Canberra, 2009, that catalysed this collaboration. NR 116 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 15 U2 233 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 64 IS 3 SI SI BP 717 EP 730 DI 10.1093/jxb/ers336 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 078WA UT WOS:000314129600003 PM 23162118 ER PT J AU Shirak, A Palti, Y Bern, O Kocher, TD Gootwine, E Seroussi, E Hulata, G Ron, M Avtalion, RR AF Shirak, A. Palti, Y. Bern, O. Kocher, T. D. Gootwine, E. Seroussi, E. Hulata, G. Ron, M. Avtalion, R. R. TI A deleterious effect associated with UNH159 is attenuated in twin embryos of an inbred line of blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gynogenetic line; microsatellite marker; monozygotic; twinning ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; CONJOINED TWINS; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; SIAMESE-TWINS; HETEROZYGOSITY; MOUSE; INDUCTION; ALLELES AB Offspring of a highly inbred gynogenetic line of Oreochromis aureus displayed 12-fold increase in twinning rate compared to the outbred population. Asymmetric conjoined twins, which consist of a normal embryo attached to a malformed-atrophic twin, were frequently encountered in both gynogenetic (90.7%) and outbred (38.2%) embryos. The monozygotic origin of these twins was determined using five microsatellite markers. Progeny of heterozygous parents for the microsatellite UNH159 were separated into sub-sets of twins and normal full-sibs. Consistent with previous reports, the normal embryo sub-set exhibited elimination of both types of homozygotes for the UNH159 genetic marker at 28 days after fertilization. Unexpectedly, this elimination was less frequent in twins. The UNH159 marker as well as RNA-binding motif protein, X-linked (rbmx), SRY-box containing gene 3 (sox3) and alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (atrx) genes were mapped to linkage group 2. These gene orthologues are all located on the mammalian X chromosome and atrx is necessary for the X-chromosome inactivation. C1 [Shirak, A.; Gootwine, E.; Seroussi, E.; Hulata, G.; Ron, M.] Agr Res Org, Inst Anim Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Palti, Y.] ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Bern, O.; Avtalion, R. R.] Bar Ilan Univ, Lab Fish Immunol & Genet, Everard & Mina Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Kocher, T. D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Shirak, A (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Inst Anim Sci, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM shiraka@agri.gov.il RI Hulata, Gideon/B-4238-2008; OI Hulata, Gideon/0000-0001-7318-7505; Kocher, Thomas/0000-0002-7547-0133 FU United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research [IS-3561-04] FX This work was supported by research grant no. IS-3561-04 from the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 82 IS 1 BP 42 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03474.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 074IV UT WOS:000313807000005 PM 23331137 ER PT J AU Samarakoon, U Skoda, SR Baxendale, FP Foster, JE AF Samarakoon, Upeka Skoda, Steven R. Baxendale, Frederick P. Foster, John E. TI A Molecular Key for the Identification of Blow Flies in Southeastern Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic entomology; Calliphoridae; mitochondrial DNA; cytochrome oxidase subunit I; polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism; molecular taxonomic key ID FORENSICALLY IMPORTANT BLOWFLIES; DNA-BASED IDENTIFICATION; FLY SPECIES DIPTERA; CALLIPHORIDAE; ENTOMOLOGY; AUSTRALIA; SEQUENCES; UTILITY; GENE AB Immature blow flies (Calliphoridae) are typically the first colonizers of cadavers. Identification of the early instars using traditional, morphology-based keys is difficult because of their small size, similarity, and simplicity in external morphology. Information derived from molecular genetic data would augment the accurate identification of immature flies. Nine species of blow flies commonly found in southeastern Nebraska were used to examine the utility of molecular-based keys. Polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCRRFLP) were investigated with 10 common, inexpensive, restriction enzymes from an amplicon of approximately 1500 bp spanning the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. A simple molecular taxonomic key, comprising RFLP from the restriction enzymes HinfI and DraI, enabled the differentiation of all species used. Further development of PCRRFLP, including more extensive and intensive examination of blow flies, would benefit forensic laboratories in the accurate identification of evidence consisting of immature blow flies. C1 [Samarakoon, Upeka; Baxendale, Frederick P.; Foster, John E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Skoda, Steven R.] ARS, USDA, KBUSLIRL Screwworm Res Unit, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Skoda, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, KBUSLIRL Screwworm Res Unit, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM steve.skoda@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02182.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 072YG UT WOS:000313709500027 PM 22563809 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, Don C. TI Standing on the Shoulders of Giants SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR USA. EM braggd@safnet.org NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 7 EP 8 DI 10.5849/jof.12-127 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 078FG UT WOS:000314083400001 ER PT J AU Galik, CS Murray, BC Mercer, DE AF Galik, Christopher S. Murray, Brian C. Mercer, D. Evan TI Where Is the Carbon? Carbon Sequestration Potential from Private Forestland in the Southern United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon; nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF); southern United States; forest offset; National Woodland Owner Survey ID MITIGATING CLIMATE-CHANGE; LANDOWNER PARTICIPATION; TRANSACTION COSTS; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; MARKETS; OWNERS; WILLINGNESS; INCENTIVES; PROGRAMS AB Uncertainty surrounding the future supply of timber in the southern United States prompted the question, "Where is all the wood?" (Cubbage et al. 1995). We ask a similar question about the potential of southern forests to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by sequestering carbon. Because significant carbon sequestration potential occurs on individual nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) lands owned by individuals, the accuracy of projections depends on how NIPF landowners respond to prices and their ability and willingness to participate in carbon offset programs. Striving to produce a more realistic assessment of the potential for southern forests to sequester carbon in response to future markets or policies, we use National Woodland Owner Survey data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis program to link landowner demographic and behavioral data with forest conditions. We also examine barriers to NIPF participation in carbon offset programs and offer recommendations for overcoming those barriers. C1 [Galik, Christopher S.; Murray, Brian C.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Mercer, D. Evan] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Galik, CS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM csg9@duke.edu; bcmurray@duke.edu; emercer@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 24 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.5849/jof.12-055 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 078FG UT WOS:000314083400005 ER PT J AU Vaughan, RC Munsell, JF Chamberlain, JL AF Vaughan, Ritchie C. Munsell, John F. Chamberlain, James L. TI Opportunities for Enhancing Nontimber Forest Products Management in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review DE forest management; wildcrafting; forest farming; forest inventory; NTFPs ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; EXTENSION; HARVEST; CONSERVATION; AMERICA; MARKETS; MOSS AB This article addresses aspects of nontimber forest products (NTFPs) management in the United States. Results from a thematic synthesis of literature germane to harvesters and forest managers indicate that many NTFPs have considerable markets but most are inadequately monitored, economically underregulated, and ecologically poorly understood. The people who harvest wild-grown NTFPs are often referred to as wildcrafters. Literature suggests that wildcrafters have historically been marginalized and are often reticent to share information or to participate in government-led initiatives. Additionally, forest managers and wildcrafters often are unable or unwilling to work together. Social networking has been suggested as a way to improve collaboration between the two stakeholders. Some examples of successful networks exist, but norms and priorities may inhibit greater participation. Asynchronous communication via the Internet and other wireless technology could improve the situation. Developing systematic inventory systems, designing NTH output reporting protocols, advancing forest farming, and improving access to information on NTFP markets, policies, and practices may also be useful. The need for improvement on all fronts is increasingly relevant because of growing demand for NTFPs. C1 [Vaughan, Ritchie C.; Munsell, John F.] Virginia Tech & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Chamberlain, James L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Vaughan, RC (reprint author), Virginia Tech & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. EM inatr33@gmail.com; jfmunsel@vt.edu; jachambe@vt.edu NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 27 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.5849/jof.10-106 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 078FG UT WOS:000314083400006 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Vaillant, NM Haas, JR Gebert, KM Stockmann, KD AF Thompson, Matthew P. Vaillant, Nicole M. Haas, Jessica R. Gebert, Krista M. Stockmann, Keith D. TI Quantifying the Potential Impacts of Fuel Treatments on Wildfire Suppression Costs SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildfire management; hazardous fuels; suppression cost; risk assessment ID FIRE SUPPRESSION; NATIONAL FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; RISK; EXPENDITURES; SIMULATION; TIME; CONTAINMENT AB Modeling the impacts and effects of hazardous fuel reduction treatments is a pressing issue within the wildfire management community. Prospective evaluation of fuel treatment effectiveness allows for comparison of alternative treatment strategies in terms of socioeconomic and ecological impacts and facilitates analysis of tradeoffs across land-management objectives. Studies have yet to rigorously examine potential impacts to fire suppression expenditures associated with prior hazardous fuel reduction treatments. Such information would be helpful for federal land-management agencies struggling to contain escalating wildfire management costs. In this article we establish a methodology for estimating potential reductions in wildfire suppression costs. Our approach pairs wildfire simulation outputs with a regression cost model and quantifies the influence of fuel treatments on distributions of wildfire sizes and suppression costs. Our case study focuses on a landscape within the Deschutes National Forest in central Oregon that was selected to receive funding under the auspices of the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program. Results suggest substantial reductions in distributions of wildfire size and suppression cost on a per fire basis. Furthermore, because fewer ignitions become large fires on the treated landscape, distributions of annual area burned and annual suppression costs also shift downward because of fuel treatments. Results are contingent on four key factors: large-scale implementation of fuel treatments across the landscape, assumed treatment effectiveness over the duration of the analysis period, accuracy of wildfire and cost models, and accuracy of projected changes to fire behavior fuel models resulting from fuel treatments. We discuss strengths and limitations of the modeling approach and offer suggestions for future improvements and applications. C1 [Thompson, Matthew P.; Haas, Jessica R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. [Vaillant, Nicole M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildlands Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Prineville, OR USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. EM mpthompson02@fs.fed.us; nvaillant@fs.fed.us; jrhaas@fs.fed.us; kgebert@fs.fed.us; kstockmann@fs.fed.us FU National Fire Decision Support Center FX The authors thank Deschutes National Forest staff especially Tom Mafira and Dave Owens. They are also gratefid to Amy Waltz of The Nature Conservancy, who was helpful in the initial stages of this project, and Amy Steinke and Julie Gilbertson-Day for data analysis. Additionally, the National Fire Decision Support Center supported this effort. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 44 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.5849/jof.12-027 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 078FG UT WOS:000314083400009 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, EA Zhen, C Bilger, M Nonnemaker, J Farooqui, AM Todd, JE AF Finkelstein, Eric A. Zhen, Chen Bilger, Marcel Nonnemaker, James Farooqui, Assad M. Todd, Jessica E. TI Implications of a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax when substitutions to non-beverage items are considered SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Sugar-sweetened beverage tax; Obesity; Nutrient demand models; Instrumental variables ID GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; IMPERFECT COMPETITION; QUANTILE REGRESSION; PORTION SIZE; FOOD PRICE; CONSUMPTION; WEIGHT; HEALTH; TAXATION; QUALITY AB Using the 2006 Homescan panel, we estimate the changes in energy, fat and sodium purchases resulting from a tax that increases the price of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) by 20% and the effect of such a tax on body weight. In addition to substitutions that may arise with other beverages, we account for substitutions between SSBs and 12 major food categories. Our main findings are that the tax would result in a decrease in store-bought energy of 24.3 kcal per day per person, which would translate into an average weight loss of 1.6 pounds during the first year and a cumulated weight loss of 2.9 pounds in the long run. We do not find evidence of substitution to sugary foods and show that complementary foods could contribute to decreasing energy purchases. Despite their significantly lower price elasticity, the tax has a similar effect on calories for the largest purchasers of SSBs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Finkelstein, Eric A.; Bilger, Marcel; Farooqui, Assad M.] Duke NUS Grad Med Sch Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore. [Zhen, Chen; Nonnemaker, James] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Todd, Jessica E.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Finkelstein, EA (reprint author), Duke NUS Grad Med Sch Singapore, Hlth Serv & Syst Res Program, 8 Coll Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore. EM eric.finkelstein@duke-nus.edu.sg FU Healthy Eating Research, a national program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [65062] FX The authors wish to thank Shawn Karns for considerable assistance in preparing the data for analyses as well as Eliza Kruger and Chay Junxing for their assistance with NHANES and census data respectively. This grant was supported by funding from Healthy Eating Research, a national program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Grant #65062). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of any funding body, others whose support is acknowledged, or the USDA. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 10 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6296 EI 1879-1646 J9 J HEALTH ECON JI J. Health Econ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 219 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.10.005 PG 21 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 082HZ UT WOS:000314384200018 PM 23202266 ER PT J AU Valaitis, AP Podgwaite, JD AF Valaitis, Algimantas P. Podgwaite, John D. TI Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxin-binding glycoconjugates present on the brush border membrane and in the peritrophic membrane of the Douglas-fir tussock moth are peritrophins SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Douglas-fir tussock moth; Cry1A toxin-binding glycoconjugates; Peritrophins ID INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; MIDGUT EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; AMINOPEPTIDASE-N; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; DELTA-ENDOTOXINS; LARVAL MIDGUT; HIGH-AFFINITY AB Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1A toxin-binding sites in the Douglas fir tussock moth (DFTM) larval gut were localized using immunofluorescence microscopy. Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac all bound strongly to the DFTM peritrophic membrane (PM); weaker binding of the Cry1A toxins was observed along the apical brush border of the midgut epithelium. Comparative analysis of the Cry1A toxin-binding molecules in the PM and brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) showed that a similar toxin-binding complex was present in both. The Cry1A toxin-binding substance, a broad band with an apparent size of 180 kDa, consisted of a closely spaced doublet. The doublet was present in peritrophins, proteins tightly bound to the PM. Lectin binding studies of the PM and BBMV toxin-binding components revealed that they are glyconjugates with terminal alpha-GalNAc residues comprised exclusively of O-linked oligosaccharides in their glycan structures. Mild periodate oxidation, release of O-linked glycans by beta-elimination, and enzymatic removal of terminal alpha-linked GalNAc residues with N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminidase digestion abolished Cry1A toxin-binding to the PM and BBMV components. These data provide strong evidence that O-linked glycans are the target structures on the toxin-binding glycoconjugates for the Cry1A class of insecticidal proteins in DFTM larvae. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Valaitis, Algimantas P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Podgwaite, John D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Valaitis, AP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM avalaitis@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 112 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2012.10.002 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 073QW UT WOS:000313758600001 PM 23108174 ER PT J AU Klinger, EG James, RR Youssef, NN Welker, DL AF Klinger, E. G. James, R. R. Youssef, N. N. Welker, D. L. TI A multi-gene phylogeny provides additional insight into the relationships between several Ascosphaera species SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ascosphaera; Chalkbrood; Bee disease; Multi-gene phylogeny; Pathogen evolution ID ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; ISOZYME CHARACTERIZATION; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; SP-NOV; AGGREGATA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; LARVIS; RDNA; ATRA AB Ascosphaera fungi are highly associated with social and solitary bees, with some species being pathogenic to bees (causing chalkbrood) while others are not, and proper identification within this genus is important. Unfortunately, morphological characterizations can be difficult, and molecular characterizations have only used one genetic region. We evaluated multiple phylogenies of the Ascosphaera using up to six loci: the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, Elongation Factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), and the second largest subunit (RPB2). The ITS sequence alone produced an inadequate phylogeny, and the addition of both the 18S and 28S rRNA loci to the ITS sequence produced a phylogeny similar to that based on all six genetic regions. For all phylogenies, Ascosphaera torchioi was in a separate clade that was the most basal, with a strong genetic similarity to Eremascus albus, introducing the possibility of paraphyly within Ascosphaera. Also, based on this new phylogeny, we now suggest that the Apis mellifera (honey bee) pathogens arose within a group of saprophytes, and the Megachile (leafcutting bees) pathogens arose separately. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Klinger, E. G.; James, R. R.] USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, N Logan, UT 84325 USA. [Klinger, E. G.; Youssef, N. N.; Welker, D. L.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Klinger, EG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, 1410 N,800 E, N Logan, UT 84325 USA. EM ellen.klinger@ars.usda.gov FU Utah State University Center for Integrated Biosystems; Pollinating Insects Research Unit (USDA-ARS) FX We thank J.W. Taylor for the gift of E. albus, G. Weinstock (BCM-HGSC), K. Aronstein (USDA, Subtropical Agricultural Research Center) and the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center for making available the preliminary A. apis genome information (http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu). We also thank the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life (AFTOL) project (http://aftol.org/about.php) for making available fungal gene sequences and gene alignments, C. von Dohlen (Utah State University Biology Department) and T. Griswold (USDA Pollinating Insect Research Unit) for advice and encouragement. We are also grateful to M. Rightmyer Gee and A.A. Wynns for review comments on an early draft of the manuscript. This work was supported by funding from the Utah State University Center for Integrated Biosystems and from the Pollinating Insects Research Unit (USDA-ARS). NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 112 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2012.10.011 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 073QW UT WOS:000313758600007 PM 23147103 ER PT J AU Liu, YL AF Liu, Yongliang TI Recent Progress in Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Study of Compositional, Structural and Physical Attributes of Developmental Cotton Fibers SO MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE cotton fiber; cellulose; crystalline and amorphous cellulose; fiber maturity; fiber crystallinity; FTIR; attenuated total reflection; ATR ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; MATURITY; MICROSCOPY; IMMATURE; STRENGTH AB Cotton fibers are natural plant products, and their end-use qualities depend on their stages of development. In general, the quantity of cellulose in cotton fibers increases rapidly, thus it leads to compositional, structural and physical attribute variations among the fibers with shorter and longer growth periods. This article discusses recent progress in applying the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique to characterize these differences, to discriminate immature fibers from mature fibers, to assess fiber maturity and crystallinity and also to unravel the band assignments in crystalline and amorphous celluloses. The results were achieved through the use of various strategies, including wet chemical analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), simple algorithm development, two-dimensional correlation analysis and other independent fiber tests. Of particular interest is that, in general, immature fibers might have the characteristics of less than 21-28 dpa, M-IR < 0.58 (in the maturity range of 0 to 1.0) and CIIR < 42% (in the crystallinity range of 0 to 100%). C1 ARS, Cotton Struct & Qual Res Unit, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Liu, YL (reprint author), ARS, Cotton Struct & Qual Res Unit, SRRC, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM yongliang.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 55 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 299 EP 313 DI 10.3390/ma6010299 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 077OS UT WOS:000314037600020 ER PT J AU Lynch, SC Eskalen, A Zambino, PJ Mayorquin, JS Wang, DH AF Lynch, Shannon C. Eskalen, Akif Zambino, Paul J. Mayorquin, Joey S. Wang, Danny H. TI Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) decline in southern California SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bot canker; Botryosphaeria; coast live oak; Diplodia; Dothiorella; gold-spotted oak borer ID CATALONIA NE SPAIN; COLEOPTERA BUPRESTIDAE; 1ST REPORT; DIPLODIA-CORTICOLA; GRAPEVINE CANKERS; BRANCH CANKERS; CORK OAK; DIEBACK; STEVENSII; DOTHIDEA AB Symptoms of decline have been observed on dying coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) trees in areas throughout southern California that are both infested and uninfested by the gold-spotted oak borer (GSOB). The purpose of this study was to identify and assess the pathogenicity of several anamorph species of the Botryosphaeriaceae, including Diplodia corticola, Dothiorella iberica and Diplodia agrifolia sp. nov., that were recovered consistently from symptomatic tissues. Species were identified morphologically and by phylogenetic analyses of the complete sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rDNA and partial sequences of beta-tubulin and elongation factor (EF1-alpha) genes. Results from morphological assessments and phylogenetic analyses support the erection of a new species closely related to D. mutila, described herein as Diplodia agrifolia sp. nov. Pathogenicity of all species was verified by wound inoculation of 1 y old coast live oak seedlings under controlled conditions. Isolates of D. corticola were the most aggressive tested, and isolates of D. agrifolia were the second most aggressive. Both species caused bleeding symptoms on inoculated seedlings. Seedlings inoculated with D. corticola died within 4 wk, with the pathogen progressing up and down through the xylem in advance of living phloem and moving throughout the taproot in 70% of inoculated seedlings. Colonization and re-isolation was successful for all species. All three fungal species represent newly recorded fungal pathogens of coast live oak in California. Results from the pathogenicity test suggest that these fungi play a role in the decline of coast live oaks throughout southern California. C1 [Lynch, Shannon C.; Eskalen, Akif; Mayorquin, Joey S.; Wang, Danny H.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Lynch, Shannon C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Zambino, Paul J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Reg, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. RP Eskalen, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM akif.eskalen@ucr.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region FX We thank the staff of the Cleveland National Forest, especially Tom Coleman, Russell Lajoie, Owen Martin and Jeffrey Wells, staff of San Diego City and County Parks including Elise Lavallee, Roger Covalt, Mary Ramsey, James Stowers, Carole Bell from the Nature Conservancy, Jack Easton and Gail Egenes from the Riverside Land Conservancy, Dave Holt and Nick Sloan from Wilderness Gardens Preserve, David Hodges and Michael Hall from Mataguay Scout Camp and Tom Powell for granting permission to conduct research on respective lands. Andi Koonce (d) assisted in the early coordination of this project and Tom Scott provided assistance locating study sites and coordinating with park officials and landowners. Wesley Tom, Melinda Ho, Lisa Yeung and Tina Cheung provided lab assistance. We gratefully acknowledge Greg Douhan for review of this manuscript in addition to three anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions. Special thanks to Beverlee Taub, Ashley Fiala, Joe Medeiros, Patricia Maloney, Kris Preston, Michael Allen, Veronique Rorive and James Parham. This project was financially supported in part by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 27 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.3852/12-047 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 082JB UT WOS:000314387000010 PM 23074176 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Cao, JJ Combs, GF AF Zeng, Huawei Cao, Jay J. Combs, Gerald F., Jr. TI Selenium in Bone Health: Roles in Antioxidant Protection and Cell Proliferation SO NUTRIENTS LA English DT Review DE antioxidant; bone health; cell proliferation ID CASPASE-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MINERAL DENSITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; OSTEOBLASTIC DIFFERENTIATION; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN AB Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and several findings suggest that dietary Se intake may be necessary for bone health. Such findings may relate to roles of Se in antioxidant protection, enhanced immune surveillance and modulation of cell proliferation. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which Se supports these cellular processes can lead to a better understanding of the role of this nutrient in normal bone metabolism. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the molecular functions of Se relevant to bone health. C1 [Zeng, Huawei; Cao, Jay J.; Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM huawei.zeng@ars.usda.gov; jay.cao@ars.usda.gov; gerald.combs@ars.usda.gov NR 92 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 34 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6643 J9 NUTRIENTS JI Nutrients PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.3390/nu5010097 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 077KN UT WOS:000314026700007 PM 23306191 ER PT J AU Wu, K Center, TD Yang, CH Zhang, J Zhang, JL Ding, JG AF Wu, Kai Center, Ted D. Yang, Chunhua Zhang, Jun Zhang, Jialiang Ding, Jianging TI Potential Classical Biological Control of Invasive Himalayan Yellow Raspberry, Rubus ellipticus (Rosaceae) SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARTHENIUM-HYSTEROPHORUS ASTERACEAE; CONTROL AGENT; LANTANA-CAMARA; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-AFRICA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; CHLAMISINAE; PERSPECTIVE; TORTRICIDAE; INSECTS AB Rubus ellipticus is one of the world's worst invasive alien species. It is a serious problematic weed in Hawai'i and has naturalized in many other countries. Biological control is being considered as a means to suppress it by introducing natural enemies from Asia, its native region. In this paper, we report 62 herbivorous insect species in 22 families that were collected on R. ellipticus during 2006-2010 in China. Two leaf-rolling moth species, Epinotia ustulana and Epiblema tetragonana; two warty beetle species, Chlamisus setosus and Chlamisus sp.; two flea beetle species in the genus Chaetocnema; four unidentified weevil species; five unidentified buprestids; one pyralid species; and one sawfly species were considered important. We also report results of preliminary host-range determinations for some of them. In addition, we summarize the literature on natural enemies associated with Rubus species in Asia, which encompasses 50 arthropod species in 14 families and 63 fungi species in 18 orders. C1 [Wu, Kai; Zhang, Jun; Zhang, Jialiang; Ding, Jianging] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Wu, Kai] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Center, Ted D.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Yang, Chunhua] Sichuan Agr Univ, Anim Sci & Technol Inst, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jun] Huazhong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Ding, JG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM Wukai0923@gmail.com; dingjianqing@yahoo.com FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Grant [07-IG-11272177-051] FX This project was supported by a U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Grant (07-IG-11272177-051). Manuscript accepted 12 March 2012. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 30 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 67 IS 1 BP 59 EP 80 DI 10.2984/67.1.5 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 077AG UT WOS:000313999700005 ER PT J AU Melo, JO Lana, UGP Pineros, MA Alves, VMC Guimaraes, CT Liu, JP Zheng, Y Zhong, SL Fei, ZJ Maron, LG Schaffert, RE Kochian, LV Magalhaes, JV AF Melo, Janaina O. Lana, Ubiraci G. P. Pineros, Miguel A. Alves, Vera M. C. Guimaraes, Claudia T. Liu, Jiping Zheng, Yi Zhong, Silin Fei, Zhangjun Maron, Lyza G. Schaffert, Robert E. Kochian, Leon V. Magalhaes, Jurandir V. TI Incomplete transfer of accessory loci influencing SbMATE expression underlies genetic background effects for aluminum tolerance in sorghum SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sorghum; aluminum tolerance; multi-drug and toxic compound extrusion family; transporter protein; alternative splicing; gene expression ID MESSENGER-RNA DECAY; MALATE TRANSPORTER; ACTIVATED CITRATE; CIS MUTATIONS; ACID SOILS; ARABIDOPSIS; RESISTANCE; WHEAT; MAIZE; RICE AB Impaired root development caused by aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major cause of grain yield reduction in crops cultivated on acid soils, which are widespread worldwide. In sorghum, the major Al-tolerance locus, Alt(SB), is due to the function of SbMATE, which is an Al-activated root citrate transporter. Here we performed a molecular and physiological characterization of various Alt(SB) donors and near-isogenic lines harboring various Alt(SB) alleles. We observed a partial transfer of Al tolerance from the parents to the near-isogenic lines that was consistent across donor alleles, emphasizing the occurrence of strong genetic background effects related to Alt(SB). This reduction in tolerance was variable, with a 20% reduction being observed when highly Al-tolerant lines were the Alt(SB) donors, and a reduction as great as 70% when other Alt(SB) alleles were introgressed. This reduction in Al tolerance was closely correlated with a reduction in SbMATE expression in near-isogenic lines, suggesting incomplete transfer of loci acting in trans on SbMATE. Nevertheless, Alt(SB) alleles from the highly Al-tolerant sources SC283 and SC566 were found to retain high SbMATE expression, presumably via elements present within or near the Alt(SB) locus, resulting in significant transfer of the Al-tolerance phenotype to the derived near-isogenic lines. Allelic effects could not be explained by coding region polymorphisms, although occasional mutations may affect Al tolerance. Finally, we report on the extensive occurrence of alternative splicing for SbMATE, which may be an important component regulating SbMATE expression in sorghum by means of the nonsense-mediated RNA decay pathway. C1 [Melo, Janaina O.; Lana, Ubiraci G. P.; Alves, Vera M. C.; Guimaraes, Claudia T.; Schaffert, Robert E.; Magalhaes, Jurandir V.] Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. [Melo, Janaina O.; Lana, Ubiraci G. P.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Biol Geral, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Pineros, Miguel A.; Liu, Jiping; Fei, Zhangjun; Maron, Lyza G.; Kochian, Leon V.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zheng, Yi; Zhong, Silin; Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Magalhaes, JV (reprint author), Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, Rd MG 424,Km 65, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. EM jurandir@cnpms.embrapa.br RI zhong, silin/O-7029-2015; Zheng, Yi/F-6150-2016; Maron, Lyza/B-5644-2008; OI zhong, silin/0000-0002-0198-7383; Zheng, Yi/0000-0002-8042-7770; Maron, Lyza/0000-0001-6475-2357; Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Pineros, Miguel/0000-0002-7166-1848 FU Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Generation Challenge Program; Embrapa Macroprogram; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development FX We acknowledge funding from the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Generation Challenge Program and the Embrapa Macroprogram. We are also grateful to the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais for a fellowship granted to J.O.M., and to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development for a PhD fellowship granted to J.O.M. and support for J.V.M. and C.T.G. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 73 IS 2 BP 276 EP 288 DI 10.1111/tpj.12029 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 079PR UT WOS:000314184000009 PM 22989115 ER PT J AU Tchouassi, DP Sang, R Sole, CL Bastos, ADS Teal, PEA Borgemeister, C Torto, B AF Tchouassi, David P. Sang, Rosemary Sole, Catherine L. Bastos, Armanda D. S. Teal, Peter E. A. Borgemeister, Christian Torto, Baldwyn TI Common Host-Derived Chemicals Increase Catches of Disease-Transmitting Mosquitoes and Can Improve Early Warning Systems for Rift Valley Fever Virus SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NONPREFERRED WATERBUCK HOSTS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; PREFERRED BUFFALO; AEDES-AEGYPTI; TSETSE-FLIES; ODOR; KENYA; VECTORS AB Rift Valley fever (RVF), a mosquito-borne zoonosis, is a major public health and veterinary problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Surveillance to monitor mosquito populations during the inter-epidemic period (IEP) and viral activity in these vectors is critical to informing public health decisions for early warning and control of the disease. Using a combination of field bioassays, electrophysiological and chemical analyses we demonstrated that skin-derived aldehydes (heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal) common to RVF virus (RVFV) hosts including sheep, cow, donkey, goat and human serve as potent attractants for RVFV mosquito vectors. Furthermore, a blend formulated from the four aldehydes and combined with CO(2-)baited CDC trap without a light bulb doubled to tripled trap captures compared to control traps baited with CO2 alone. Our results reveal that (a) because of the commonality of the host chemical signature required for attraction, the host-vector interaction appears to favor the mosquito vector allowing it to find and opportunistically feed on a wide range of mammalian hosts of the disease, and (b) the sensitivity, specificity and superiority of this trapping system offers the potential for its wider use in surveillance programs for RVFV mosquito vectors especially during the IEP. C1 [Tchouassi, David P.; Sang, Rosemary; Borgemeister, Christian; Torto, Baldwyn] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol Icipe, Nairobi, Kenya. [Tchouassi, David P.; Sole, Catherine L.; Bastos, Armanda D. S.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Sang, Rosemary] Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Ctr Virus Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Teal, Peter E. A.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Tchouassi, DP (reprint author), Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol Icipe, Nairobi, Kenya. EM btorto@icipe.org RI Bastos, Armanda/B-6357-2009; Sole, Catherine/A-9200-2012 OI Bastos, Armanda/0000-0002-9223-4204; FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Google.org FX The support through a scholarship to DPT by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) is greatly acknowledged. This research was funded by Google.org, the philanthropic arm of Google. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1 AR e2007 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002007 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 081ZB UT WOS:000314360200035 PM 23326620 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ Milchunas, DG Derner, JD AF Augustine, David J. Milchunas, Daniel G. Derner, Justin D. TI Spatial Redistribution of Nitrogen by Cattle in Semiarid Rangeland SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grazing management; Great Plains; large herbivores; nitrogen cycling; semiarid grassland; shortgrass steppe ID COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; ELEVATED CO2; N2O FLUXES; LONG-TERM; CARBON; LIMITATION; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; PRAIRIE AB Nitrogen (N) availability can strongly influence forage quality and the capacity for semiarid rangelands to respond to increasing atmospheric CO2. Although many pathways of nitrogen input and loss from rangelands have been carefully quantified, cattle-mediated N losses are often poorly understood. We used measurements of cattle N consumption rate, weight gains, and spatial distribution in shortgrass rangeland of northeastern Colorado to evaluate the influence of cattle on rangeland N balance. Specifically, we estimated annual rates of N loss via cattle weight gains and spatial redistribution of N into pasture corners and areas near water tanks, and used previous studies to calculate ammonia volatilization from urine patches. Using measurements of plant biomass and N content inside and outside grazing cages over 13 yr, we estimate that cattle stocked at 0.65 animal unit months (AUM) . ha(-1) consumed 3.34 kg N . ha(-1) . yr(-1). Using an independent animal-based method, we estimate that cattle consumed 3.58 kg N . ha(-1) . yr(-1) for the same stocking rate and years. A global positioning system tracking study revealed that cattle spent an average of 27% of their time in pasture corners or adjacent to water tanks, even though these areas represented only 2.5% of pasture area. Based on these measurements, we estimate that cattle stocked at 0.65 AUM . ha(-1) during the summer can remove 0.60 kg N . ha(-1) in cattle biomass gain and spatially redistribute 0.73 kg N . ha(-1) to areas near corners and water tanks. An additional 0.17 kg N . ha(-1) can be lost as NH3 volatilization from urine patches. Cumulatively, these cattle-mediated pathways (1.50 kg N . ha(-1)) may explain the imbalance between current estimates of atmospheric inputs and trace gas losses. While NOx emission remains the largest pathway of N loss, spatial N redistribution by cattle and N removed in cattle biomass are the second and third largest losses, respectively. Management of cattle-mediated N fluxes should be recognized as one means to influence long-term sustainability of semiarid rangelands. C1 [Augustine, David J.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Milchunas, Daniel G.] Colorado State Univ, Forest & Rangeland Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Milchunas, Daniel G.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Derner, Justin D.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM david.augustine@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research Program by the National Science Foundation [NSF DEB-0217631, 0823405] FX Research was funded by the USDA-ARS and the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research Program by the National Science Foundation (NSF DEB-0217631 and 0823405). NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 53 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 66 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00228.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082YH UT WOS:000314429400008 ER PT J AU Weber, KT Chen, F Booth, DT Raza, M Serr, K Gokhale, B AF Weber, Keith T. Chen, Fang Booth, D. Terrance Raza, Mansoor Serr, Kindra Gokhale, Bhushan TI Comparing Two Ground-Cover Measurement Methodologies for Semiarid Rangelands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial imagery; GIS; remote sensing; VLSA ID INVASIVE PLANT; VEGETATION; IMAGERY; TECHNOLOGIES; AGREEMENT; ERROR AB The limited field of view (FOV) associated with single-resolution very-large-scale aerial (VLSA) imagery requires users to balance FOV and resolution needs. This balance varies by the specific questions being asked of the data. Here, we tested a FOV-resolution question by comparing ground cover measured in the field with the use of point-intercept transects with similar data measured from 50-mm-per-pixel (mmpp) VLSA imagery of the same locations. Particular care was given to spatial control of ground and aerial sample points from which observations were made, yet percent cover estimates were very different between methods. An error budget was used to calculate error of location and error of quantification. These results indicated location error (43.5%) played a substantial role with significant quantification error (21.6%) also present. We conclude that 1) although the georectification accuracy achieved in this project was actually quite good, the level of accuracy required to match ground and aerial sample points represents an unrealistic expectation with currently available positioning technologies, 2) 50-mmpp VLSA imagery is not adequate for accurate species identification or cover assessments of plant functional groups, and 3) the balance between resolution and FOV needs is best addressed by using multiple cameras to acquire nested imagery at multiple VLSA resolutions simultaneously. We recommend ground cover be measured from 1-mmpp imagery and that the imagery be nested in lower-resolution, larger FOV images simultaneously acquired. C1 [Weber, Keith T.; Chen, Fang; Raza, Mansoor; Serr, Kindra; Gokhale, Bhushan] Idaho State Univ, GIS Training & Res Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Booth, D. Terrance] USDA ARS, High Plains Grassland Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Weber, KT (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, GIS Training & Res Ctr, 921 S 8th Ave,Stop 8104, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM webekeit@isu.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 66 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00135.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082YH UT WOS:000314429400011 ER PT J AU Damiran, D DelCurto, T Findholt, SL Johnson, BK Vavra, M AF Damiran, Daalkhaijav DelCurto, Timothy Findholt, Scott L. Johnson, Bruce K. Vavra, Martin TI Comparison of Bite-Count and Rumen Evacuation Techniques to Estimate Cattle Diet Quality SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE diet sampling; diet selection; foraging trials; free-ranging animals; mixed-conifer rangeland ID ESTIMATING FORAGE INTAKE; ESOPHAGEAL-FISTULA; GRAZING CATTLE; RUMINANT DIETS; RANGELANDS; ANIMALS AB We conducted a study to compare the bite-count technique (BC) of estimating forage intake and synthesized diet quality to direct estimates of diet quantity and quality with the use of the rumen evacuation technique (RE). We used four rumen-fistulated steers to evaluate both techniques. Four enclosures in a mixed-conifer rangeland were used. Each enclosure contained two 0.25-ha paddocks that were either nonstocked or stocked by cattle to remove 32 +/- 4% of standing crop. We recorded bite-count data during foraging bouts for each steer in each paddock, and then evacuated each rumen following each foraging bout during summer (August). Paddocks stocked prior to each 20-min trial had a reduced (P < 0.05) quantity of forage consumed regardless of technique. BC and RE gave similar (P > 0.10) results on diet quantity and digestibility. However, BC-derived estimates were lower (P < 0.05) for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). In summary, although BC has the advantage of not requiring rumen-fistulated animals, it did not yield comparable results to RE under range conditions with dense and diverse vegetation. Therefore, investigators should calibrate bite-count technique against fistula technique to solve any accuracy problem in their specific experimental conditions whenever possible. C1 [Damiran, Daalkhaijav] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [DelCurto, Timothy] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Ag & Nat Resource Program, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Findholt, Scott L.; Johnson, Bruce K.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Vavra, Martin] USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Damiran, D (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. EM daal.damiran@usask.ca NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 66 IS 1 BP 106 EP 109 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00046.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082YH UT WOS:000314429400014 ER PT J AU Branson, DH Vermeire, LT AF Branson, David H. Vermeire, Lance T. TI Heat Dosage and Oviposition Depth Influence Egg Mortality of Two Common Rangeland Grasshopper Species SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aulocara elliotti; bigheaded grasshopper; fire; grassland; obscure grasshopper; Orthoptera ID NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; FIRE; ACRIDIDAE; ORTHOPTERA; ASSEMBLAGES AB Rangeland fire is a common naturally occurring event and management tool, with the amount and structure of biomass controlling transfer of heat belowground. Temperatures that grasshopper eggs are exposed to during rangeland fires are mediated by species-specific oviposition traits. This experiment examined egg mortality in two slant-faced grasshopper species with differing oviposition traits, namely Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) and Opeia obscura (Thomas). We hypothesized that A. elliotti egg mortality would increase with fire intensity because the shallow egg location below the soil surface would result in exposure to higher temperatures, and that the deeper O. obscura eggs would not be affected by fire intensity. Fire intensity did not significantly affect the mortality of O. obscura eggs, with very low mortality in all treatments. Fire intensity significantly affected mortality of A. elliotti eggs, which are laid in shallow egg pods with the midpoint of the egg clutch at a depth of similar to 0.825 cm. Aulocara elliotti egg mortality increased with higher levels of heat application, with 79% egg mortality in the 4500 kg.ha(-1) heat treatment. Heat effects on A. elliotti egg mortality were similar to those previously observed for another shallow-egg-laying species. Limited research has examined if rangeland fires reduce population densities of specific economically important grasshopper species. The results from this experiment indicate that grasshopper species with the midpoint of the egg pod less than 1 cm below the surface are likely in general to be vulnerable to fire-induced egg mortality during rangeland fires. C1 [Branson, David H.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Vermeire, Lance T.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Branson, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM dave.branson@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 66 IS 1 BP 110 EP 113 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00187.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082YH UT WOS:000314429400015 ER PT J AU Watson, AE AF Watson, Alan E. TI The Role of Wilderness Protection and Societal Engagement as Indicators of Well-Being: An Examination of Change at the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness SO SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Emerging adults; Ecosystem services; Under-represented populations; Quality of life; Protected nature AB A societal decision to protect over 9 million acres of land and water for its wilderness character in the early 1960s reflected US wealth in natural resources, pride in the nation's cultural history and our commitment to the well-being of future generations to both experience wild nature and enjoy benefits flowing from these natural ecosystems. There is no question that our relationship with wilderness has changed. Individually it is probably quite easy to examine differences in the role wilderness plays in the quality of our lives today compared to some previous time. But how the role of wilderness protection has changed for society is more difficult to describe. In only a few places do we have data across multiple decades that would allow us to even examine how users or their use may have changed over time. At the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in northern Minnesota we are fortunate to have multiple studies that can give us some 40 years of insight into how some aspects of use have changed there. For example, an analysis of results of visitor studies at the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in 1969, 1991 and 2007 reveal some big differences in who is out there today, most notably the presence of a much older, more experienced and better educated user population, almost exclusively white and predominantly male. It is time to decide whether the best thing for wilderness and or society is to try to restore historic patterns of use (to include younger people, the less wealthy and lower educated) in greater numbers, to try to identify new marke