FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lin, JT Chen, GQ AF Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Chen, Grace Q. TI Identification of Tetraacylglycerols in Lesquerella Oil by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of the Lithium Adducts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Lesquerolic acid; Tetraacylglycerols; Lesquerella oil; Mass spectrometry; Biosynthetic precursor Physaria fendleri; Lesquerella fendleri ID CASTOR-OIL; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACYLGLYCEROLS AB Tetraacylglycerol (an acylglycerol estolide) contains an acyl chain attached to the hydroxyl group of another acyl chain attached to the glycerol backbone. Lesquerolic acid (Ls, OH(14)20:1(11)) is the main fatty acid in lesquerella oil and may be used industrially for the manufacture of biodegradable industrial products. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the lithium adducts of acylglycerols in the high-performance liquid chromatography fractions from the seed oil of lesquerella (Physaria fendleri) was used to identify thirteen tetraacylglycerols. They were LsLsLsLn, LsLsLsL, LsLs-OH20:2-O, LsLsLsO, LsLsLnLn, LsLsLLn, LsLsOLn, LsLsLL, LsLsOL, LsLsOP, LsLsOO, LsLsLS and LsLsOS. The OH20:2 was auricolic acid (OH(14)20:2(11,17)). For the four tetraacylglycerols containing one normal fatty acid (non-hydroxy fatty acid), LsLsLsLn, LsLsLsL, LsLs-OH20:2-O and LsLsLsO, the normal fatty acids were all directly attached to the glycerol backbone, not to the hydroxyl group of fatty acids. We propose that the biosynthetic precursors (triacylglycerol acyltransferase) of these four tetraacylglycerols were LsLsLn, LsLsL, LsLsO (Ls-OH20:2-O) and LsLsO individually. LsLsO and Ls-OH20:2-O were equally active as the biosynthetic precursors for LsLs-OH20:2-O. For LsLsLS, linoleate were all attached to the glycerol backbone and LsLsL was proposed to be the biosynthetic precursor. For LsLsOS, stearate were all attached to the glycerol backbone and LsLsS was proposed to be the biosynthetic precursor. For the other seven tetraacylglycerols containing two normal fatty acids, LsLsAB, the biosynthetic precursors could be both LsLsA and LsLsB. C1 [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh; Chen, Grace Q.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jiann.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1831 EP 1836 DI 10.1007/s11746-013-2332-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 253KE UT WOS:000327083400007 ER PT J AU Dunn, RO AF Dunn, Robert O. TI Effects of Monoacylglycerols on Kinematic Viscosity and Cold Filter Plugging Point of Biodiesel SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Cold filter plugging point; Density; Kinematic viscosity; Monoacylglycerol; Soybean oil ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY; FLOW PROPERTIES; DIESEL FUEL; BLENDS; OIL AB Biodiesel is an alternative fuel composed of mono-alkyl fatty acid esters made from the transesterification of plant oils or animal fats with methanol or ethanol. After conversion, biodiesel may contain trace concentrations of unconverted monoacylglycerols (MAG). These MAG have low solubility in biodiesel and may form solid residues when stored at cold temperatures. The present study evaluates the measurement of kinematic viscosity (nu) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP)-time to filter (Delta t) as parameters that predict the temperature where small concentrations of MAG may lead to formation of solids or other phase transitions that restrict the flow of soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters (SME) through filters and fuel lines. Mixtures of SME doped with MAG were prepared and nu and Delta t were measured as the temperature decreased from 20 to below 0 A degrees C. Results showed a correlation between nu and Delta t that held for neat SME (SME without added MAG) and SME-MAG mixtures as the temperature decreased to the threshold temperature (T (th)). Sharp increases in a dagger t disrupted the correlation as temperature decreased below T (th). Furthermore, T (th) generally increased as added MAG concentration increased in the mixtures. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Dunn, RO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM robert.dunn@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1883 EP 1894 DI 10.1007/s11746-013-2342-9 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 253KE UT WOS:000327083400014 ER PT J AU Cermak, SC Bredsguard, JW John, BL Kirk, K Thompson, T Isbell, KN Feken, KA Isbell, TA Murray, R AF Cermak, Steven C. Bredsguard, Jakob W. John, Billee L. Kirk, Kristy Thompson, Travis Isbell, Katelyn N. Feken, Kati A. Isbell, Terry A. Murray, Rex TI Physical Properties of Low Viscosity Estolide 2-Ethylhexyl Esters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Acetic; Cloud point; Esters; Estolides; Oleic; Pour point; Viscosity ID OXIDATIVE STABILITY; OILS AB Acetic- and butyric-capped oleic estolide 2-ethylhexyl (2-EH) esters were synthesized in a perchloric acid catalyzed (0.05 equiv) one-pot process from industrial 90 % oleic acid and either acetic or butyric fatty acids at two different ratios. This was directly followed by the esterification process incorporated into an in-situ second step to provide a low viscosity estolide ester functional fluid. The monoestolide and polyestolides were separated via vacuum distillation (6-13 Pa) at 240-250 A degrees C. The physical properties of these materials were followed throughout the synthetic process and are reported. The final low viscosity acetic- and butyric-capped monoestolide 2-EH esters had viscosities of 19.9 and 24.2 cSt at 40 A degrees C and 4.8 and 5.5 cSt at 100 A degrees C with viscosity indexes (VI) of 161 and 163, respectively. Both monoestolide esters displayed excellent pour points (PPs). The PPs of the two were as follows: acetic-capped estolide 2-EH ester PP = -45 A degrees C and butyric-capped estolide 2-EH ester PP = -27 A degrees C. The biodegradable short-capped oleic estolide 2-EH esters had excellent low temperature properties and should perform well in low viscosity applications. C1 [Cermak, Steven C.; Isbell, Katelyn N.; Murray, Rex] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bredsguard, Jakob W.; John, Billee L.; Kirk, Kristy; Thompson, Travis; Isbell, Katelyn N.; Feken, Kati A.] Biosynthet Technol, Irvine, CA 92614 USA. RP Cermak, SC (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Steven.Cermak@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1895 EP 1902 DI 10.1007/s11746-013-2336-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 253KE UT WOS:000327083400015 ER PT J AU Stoops, CA Heintshcel, B El-Hossary, S Kaldas, RM Obenauer, PJ Farooq, M Villinski, JT AF Stoops, Craig A. Heintshcel, Bryan El-Hossary, Shabaan Kaldas, Rania M. Obenauer, Peter J. Farooq, Mohammad Villinski, Jeffrey T. TI Sand fly surveillance and control on Camp Ramadi, Iraq, as part of a leishmaniasis control program SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TALLIL-AIR-BASE; MILITARY OPERATIONS; FLIES; IMPACT C1 [Stoops, Craig A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Navy & Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr Detachment, Gainesville, FL 32068 USA. [Heintshcel, Bryan] US Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit 6, Honolulu, HI USA. [El-Hossary, Shabaan; Kaldas, Rania M.; Obenauer, Peter J.; Villinski, Jeffrey T.] US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Farooq, Mohammad] US Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Stoops, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Navy & Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr Detachment, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32068 USA. EM Craig.Stoops@med.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 EI 1948-7134 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 38 IS 2 BP 411 EP 414 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 251JC UT WOS:000326923500029 PM 24581374 ER PT J AU Jin, S Stark, NM Matuana, LM AF Jin, Shan Stark, Nicole M. Matuana, Laurent M. TI Influence of a Stabilized Cap Layer on the Photodegradation of Coextruded High Density Polyethylene/Wood-Flour Composites SO JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES; LIGHT STABILIZERS; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; UV-ABSORBERS; DURABILITY; POLYOLEFINS; PROTECTION; SYNERGISM; COATINGS AB The effect of light stabilizer's addition method into wood-plastic composites (WPCs), i.e., surface versus bulk, on their photostability was evaluated. Blends of ultraviolet absorbers (benzotriazole or hydroxyphenyltriazine) with a hindered amine light stabilizer were used as the stabilizing additives. Both unstabilized and photostabilized uncapped (control) samples, as well as coextruded WPCs counterparts, were exposed to up to 3000 h of accelerated artificial weathering. The light transmittance, surface morphology, and color of the samples before and after weathering were analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM, and Chroma Meter. The experimental results indicated that the method of adding the light stabilizer had a significant effect on the WPC photostability. While bulk addition reduced the degree of fading in uncapped composite, it did not suppress it completely. On the other hand, coextruded WPCs with photostabilized cap layers showed no visible signs of fading, thus clearly indicating that the stabilized cap layers blocked most of the UV radiation, and thereby prevent of UV light to reach the surface of the inner layer of coextruded composites. Cost-analysis considerations indicated that 50 times more light stabilizer was needed when it was incorporated into the bulk of the composites rather than in the cap layer of coextruded samples. Clearly, these results suggest that adding light stabilizers at the surface of WPCs not only protects them against UV degradation, but also is a most efficient and cost-effective method of photostabilization than bulk addition. (c) 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Jin, Shan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stark, Nicole M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Matuana, Laurent M.] Michigan State Univ, Sch Packaging, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Matuana, LM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Sch Packaging, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM matuana@msu.edu FU USDA-CSREES-Advanced Technology Applications to Eastern Hardwood Utilization [2008-34158-19510] FX Contract grant sponsor: USDA-CSREES-Advanced Technology Applications to Eastern Hardwood Utilization; contract grant number: 2008-34158-19510. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1083-5601 EI 1548-0585 J9 J VINYL ADDIT TECHN JI J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 19 IS 4 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1002/vnl.21315 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 252NC UT WOS:000327011400003 ER PT J AU Miyagi, A Kawai-Yamada, M Uchimiya, M Ojima, N Suzuki, K Uchimiya, H AF Miyagi, Atsuko Kawai-Yamada, Maki Uchimiya, Minori Ojima, Noriyuki Suzuki, Koichi Uchimiya, Hirofumi TI Metabolome analysis of food-chain between plants and insects SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE Lactate; Oxalate; NAD(+); Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry; Gastrophysa atrocyanea; Rumex obtusifolius ID RUMEX-CRISPUS; OBTUSIFOLIUS; OXALATE; STRESS; DOCK AB Evolution has shown the co-dependency between host plants and predators (insects), especially inevitable dependency of predators on plant biomass for securing their energy sources. It was postulated that NAD(+) source used for major energy producing pathway is the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle in insects. Using high throughput metabolomics approach, we found that larva of leaf beetle (Gastrophysa atrocyanea), which feed oxalate-rich plants (Rumex obtusifolius), possessed a unique mechanism for accumulating unusually high amounts of lactate. Similarly, larva of butterfly (Papilio machaon) fed with fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) accumulated lactate. Same butterfly also showed the elevated level of glycerol-3-phosphate equivalent to lactate. These evidences provide new insights into the mechanism underlying metabolite alteration between host plants and insect herbivores. C1 [Miyagi, Atsuko; Kawai-Yamada, Maki; Uchimiya, Hirofumi] Saitama Univ, Inst Environm Sci & Technol, Sakura Ku, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Kawai-Yamada, Maki] Saitama Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Sakura Ku, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Uchimiya, Minori] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Ojima, Noriyuki] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Suzuki, Koichi] Iwate Univ, Off Res Exchange, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. RP Uchimiya, H (reprint author), Saitama Univ, Inst Environm Sci & Technol, Sakura Ku, 225 Shimo Okubo, Saitama 3388570, Japan. EM cuchimiya@hotmail.com RI Miyagi, Atsuko/N-8621-2015 FU Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry (BRAIN); MEXT, Japan FX This research was supported by a Grant from the Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry (BRAIN), and Grants from MEXT, Japan. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 EI 1573-3890 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD DEC PY 2013 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1254 EP 1261 DI 10.1007/s11306-013-0542-9 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 251KF UT WOS:000326926700012 ER PT J AU Zhang, JX Li, HX Zhang, MK Hui, MX Wang, Q Li, L Zhang, LG AF Zhang, Junxiang Li, Huixia Zhang, Mingke Hui, Maixia Wang, Qi Li, Li Zhang, Lugang TI Fine mapping and identification of candidate Br-or gene controlling orange head of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp pekinensis) SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Chinese cabbage; Orange head; SSR and InDel marker; Fine mapping; Carotenoids ID BETA-CAROTENE ACCUMULATION; RESISTANCE; MARKERS; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; PLANTS AB Orange head Chinese cabbage accumulates significant amounts of carotenoids with enhanced nutritional quality. To develop molecular markers for breeding of Chinese cabbage lines with high carotenoid content and to isolate the candidate gene underlying carotenoid synthesis, we performed fine mapping of the orange locus in a F2S4 mapping population. Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of the orange head trait was controlled by a single recessive gene, Br-or. The F2S4 mapping population consisting of 1,724 individuals was developed from the cross between parental lines 11J16 and 11S39-2 by continuous selfing of a single heterozygous individual. Twenty-one tightly linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) and insertion/deletion polymorphism (InDel) markers were obtained. High-resolution genetic mapping of these markers in the F2S4 mapping population placed Br-InDel2 and Br-InDel1 at genetic distances of 0.1 and 0.2 cM, respectively, on either side of the Br-or locus. Based on comparison of these two marker sequences with the fully sequenced Brassica rapa genome, the Br-or locus was delimited to a 16.7 kb genomic region. Three open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted in the target region. ORF1 encoded carotenoid isomerase, which is involved in the isomerization of carotenoids. ORF1 was found to be co-segregated with the Br-or locus and was thus the most likely candidate gene for Br-or. The information obtained here will facilitate the breeding of nutrient-enriched Chinese cabbage through marker-assisted selection and provide a platform for gaining a better understanding of the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in these plants. C1 [Zhang, Junxiang; Li, Huixia; Zhang, Mingke; Hui, Maixia; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Lugang] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Area, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Junxiang; Li, Huixia; Zhang, Mingke; Hui, Maixia; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Lugang] Northwest A&F Univ, Key Lab Hort Plant Biol & Germplasm Innovat North, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Junxiang; Li, Huixia; Zhang, Mingke; Hui, Maixia; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Lugang] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Hort, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Robert Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zhang, LG (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Area, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. EM lugangzh@163.com FU China Scholarship Council (CSC); National Natural Science Foundation of China [31171965]; Science and technology support program of China [2012BAD02B01]; 863 plan [2012AA100105] FX We thank Dr. Xiaowu Wang (Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) for kindly providing the Scaffold sequence in A09 of B. rapa and Divyashree C. Nageswaran (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University) for critical reading of the manuscript. J. X. Zhang thanks the support of China Scholarship Council (CSC). This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31171965), Science and technology support program of China (2012BAD02B01) and 863 plan (2012AA100105). NR 21 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 EI 1572-9788 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 32 IS 4 BP 799 EP 805 DI 10.1007/s11032-013-9907-z PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 255PG UT WOS:000327251700004 ER PT J AU Rebollo, S Milchunas, DG Stapp, P Augustine, DJ Derner, JD AF Rebollo, Salvador Milchunas, Daniel G. Stapp, Paul Augustine, David J. Derner, Justin D. TI Disproportionate effects of non-colonial small herbivores on structure and diversity of grassland dominated by large herbivores SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEED PREDATION LIMITS; LONG-TERM; SPECIES RICHNESS; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; KEYSTONE RODENT; PRODUCTIVITY; PRAIRIE; ABUNDANCE AB The response of semiarid grasslands to small, non-colonial herbivores has received little attention, focusing primarily on the effects of granivore assemblages on annual plant communities. We studied the long-term effects of both small and large herbivores on vegetation structure and species diversity of shortgrass steppe, a perennial semiarid grassland considered marginal habitat for small mammalian herbivores. We hypothesized that 1) large generalist herbivores would affect more abundant species and proportions of litter-bare ground-vegetation cover through non-selective herbivory, 2) small herbivores would affect less common species through selective but limited consumption, and 3) herbivore effects on plant richness would increase with increasing aboveground net primary production (ANPP). Plant community composition was assessed over a 14-year period in pastures grazed at moderate intensities by cattle and in exclosures for large (cattle) and large-plus-small herbivores (additional exclusion of rabbits and rodents). Exclusion of large herbivores affected litter and bare ground and basal cover of abundant, common and uncommon species. Additional exclusion of small herbivores did not affect uncommon components of the plant community, but had indirect effects on abundant species, decreased the cover of the dominant grass Bouteloua gracilis and total vegetation, and increased litter and species diversity. There was no relationship between ANPP and the intensity of effects of either herbivore body size on richness. Exclusion of herbivores of both body sizes had complementary and additive effects which promoted changes in vegetation composition and physiognomy that were linked to increased abundance of tall and decreased abundance of short species. Our findings show that small mammalian herbivores had disproportionately large effects on plant communities relative to their small consumption of biomass. Even in small-seeded perennial grasslands with a long history of intensive grazing by large herbivores, non-colonial small mammalian herbivores should be recognized as an important driver of grassland structure and diversity. C1 [Rebollo, Salvador] Univ Alcala De Henares, Depto Ciencias Vida, ES-28871 Alcala De Henares, Spain. [Milchunas, Daniel G.] Colorado State Univ, Long Term Ecol Res Project, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stapp, Paul] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. [Augustine, David J.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Derner, Justin D.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Rebollo, S (reprint author), Univ Alcala De Henares, Depto Ciencias Vida, ES-28871 Alcala De Henares, Spain. EM salvador.rebollo@uah.es FU NSF-LTER [DEB95-27585, DEB00-87255]; Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research project [DEB96-32852, DEB02-17631, 0823405, DEB-1027319]; Fundacion CajaMadrid; CICYT, Spanish NSF [CGL2007-60661/BOS, CGL2010-18312/BOS] FX Data were collected and archived under the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research group, a partnership between Colorado State Univ., United States Dept of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the US Forest Service Pawnee National Grassland. This research was funded through NSF-LTER DEB95-27585 and DEB00-87255 for cross-site studies and the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research project DEB96-32852, DEB02-17631, 0823405, DEB-1027319. SR was supported by a grant from the Fundacion CajaMadrid and by funds from the projects ref. CGL2007-60661/BOS and CGL2010-18312/BOS (CICYT, Spanish NSF). We thank Ann Hess for statistical advice, Nicole Kaplan, Judy Hendryx and Bob Flynn for data base and laboratory assistance, David Smith (USDA-ARS) for supervising the construction of small mammal exclosures, Mary Ashby for consultation on plant species characteristics, Mark Lindquist for overseeing small mammal population studies, and the many students on the LTER field and lab crews over the years. The USDA-ARS Central Plains Experimental Range maintains the long-term cattle grazing treatments and Crow Valley Livestock Cooperative, Inc. provides the grazing animals. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD DEC PY 2013 VL 122 IS 12 BP 1757 EP 1767 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00403.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254OX UT WOS:000327176100012 ER PT J AU Esquivel, MG Genkov, T Nogueira, AS Salvucci, ME Spreitzer, RJ AF Gloria Esquivel, M. Genkov, Todor Nogueira, Ana S. Salvucci, Michael E. Spreitzer, Robert J. TI Substitutions at the opening of the Rubisco central solvent channel affect holoenzyme stability and CO2/O-2 specificity but not activation by Rubisco activase SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CO2/O-2 specificity; Directed mutagenesis; Photosynthesis; Protein structure; Rubisco; Rubisco activase ID CHLOROPLAST RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; BETA-B LOOP; SMALL-SUBUNIT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; COMPLEMENTING SUBSTITUTIONS; INFLUENCE CATALYSIS; THERMAL-STABILITY; OXYGENASE; BISPHOSPHATE AB Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) catalyzes the initial step of carbon metabolism in photosynthesis. The holoenzyme comprises eight large subunits, arranged as a tetramer of dimers around a central solvent channel that defines a fourfold axis of symmetry, and eight small subunits, arranged as two tetramers at the poles of the axis. The phylogenetically divergent small-subunit loops between beta-strands A and B form the entrance to the solvent channel. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Ile-58 from each of the four small-subunit beta A-beta B loops defines the minimal diameter of the channel opening. To understand the role of the central solvent channel in Rubisco function, directed mutagenesis and transformation of Chlamydomonas were employed to replace Ile-58 with Ala, Lys, Glu, Trp, or three Trp residues (I58W3) to close the entrance to the channel. The I58E, I58K, and I58W substitutions caused only small decreases in photosynthetic growth at 25 and 35 A degrees C, whereas I58W3 had a substantial effect at both temperatures. The mutant enzymes had decreased carboxylation rates, but the I58W3 enzyme had decreases in both carboxylation and CO2/O-2 specificity. The I58E, I58W, and I58W3 enzymes were inactivated at lower temperatures than wild-type Rubisco, and were degraded at slower rates under oxidative stress. However, these mutant enzymes were activated by Rubisco activase at normal rates, indicating that the structural transition required for carboxylation is not affected by altering the solvent channel opening. Structural dynamics alone may not be responsible for these distant effects on the Rubisco active site. C1 [Gloria Esquivel, M.; Nogueira, Ana S.] Univ Tecn Lisboa, ISA, P-1399 Lisbon, Portugal. [Genkov, Todor; Spreitzer, Robert J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Salvucci, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Esquivel, MG (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, ISA, P-1399 Lisbon, Portugal. EM gesquivel@isa.utl.pt OI Esquivel, Maria da Gloria/0000-0003-1772-0015 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the United States Department of Energy [DE-FG02-00ER15044, DE-AI02-97ER20268] FX This study was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the United States Department of Energy through Photosynthetic Systems Grants DE-FG02-00ER15044 to R.J.S. and DE-AI02-97ER20268 to M. E. S. We acknowledge the technical assistance of Dr. Csengele Barta (USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ) for the Rubisco activation assays. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 EI 1573-5079 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1007/s11120-013-9916-0 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253ES UT WOS:000327065900002 PM 24014091 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Geng, HW Beecher, BS Ma, DY AF Morris, Craig F. Geng, Hongwei Beecher, Brian S. Ma, Dongyun TI A review of the occurrence of Grain softness protein-1 genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Grain softness protein-1; Puroindolines; PCR jumping; Gene chimeras; Wheat ID D-GENOME DONOR; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; HARDNESS LOCUS; GRAIN HARDNESS; PUROINDOLINE-B; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; HA LOCUS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MULTIGENE FAMILY; DIPLOID WHEAT AB Grain softness protein-1 (Gsp-1) is a small, 495-bp intronless gene found throughout the Triticeae tribe at the distal end of group 5 chromosomes. With the Puroindolines, it constitutes a key component of the Hardness locus. Gsp-1 likely plays little role in grain hardness, but has direct interest due to its utility in phylogeny and its role in arabinogalactan peptides. Further role(s) remain to be identified. In the polyploid wheats, Triticum aestivum and T. turgidum, the gene is present in a homoeologous series. Since its discovery, there have been conflicting reports and data as to the number of Gsp-1 genes and the level of sequence polymorphism. Little is known about allelic variation within a species. In the simplest model, a single Gsp-1 gene is present in each wheat and Aegilops tauschii genome. The present review critically re-examines the published and some unpublished data (sequence available in the NCBI nucleotide and MIPS Wheat Genome Databases). A number of testable hypotheses are identified, and include the level of polymorphism that may represent (and define) different Gsp-1 alleles, the existence of a fourth Gsp-1 gene, and the apparent, at times, high level of naturally-occurring or artifactual gene chimeras. In summary, the present data provide firm evidence for at most, three Gsp-1 genes in wheat, although there are numerous data that suggest a more complex model. C1 [Morris, Craig F.; Beecher, Brian S.] Washington State Univ, Western Wheat Qual Lab, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Geng, Hongwei] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ma, Dongyun] Henan Agr Univ, Natl Wheat Engn Res Ctr, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Western Wheat Qual Lab, USDA ARS, E-202 Food Qual Bldg,POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 EI 1573-5028 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 83 IS 6 BP 507 EP 521 DI 10.1007/s11103-013-0110-8 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 253ND UT WOS:000327093600001 PM 23904183 ER PT J AU Nicklas, TA Liu, Y Stuff, JE Fisher, JO Mendoza, JA O'Neil, CE AF Nicklas, Theresa A. Liu, Yan Stuff, Janice E. Fisher, Jennifer O. Mendoza, Jason A. O'Neil, Carol E. TI Characterizing lunch meals served and consumed by pre-school children in Head Start SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Lunch meals; Meal consumption; Pre-school children; Head Start ID FOOD PHOTOGRAPHY METHOD; ENERGY-INTAKE; PORTION SIZE; US CHILDREN; DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY; VEGETABLE INTAKE; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; DIETARY RECALL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BODY-WEIGHT AB Objective: To examine the variability of food portions served and consumed by African-American and Hispanic-American pre-school children attending Head Start. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Food consumption by pre-schoolers (n 796) enrolled in sixteen Head Start centres in Houston, Texas (51% boys, 42% African-American, mean age 4 years) were assessed during 3 d of lunch meals using digital photography. Descriptive statistics and multilevel regression models, adjusting for classroom and school clustering effects, were determined. Subjects: Head Start pre-schoolers aged 3-5 years. Results: Mean amount served was 2428 kJ (580 kcal) and 572 g. Mean intake was 1421 kJ (339 kcal) and 331 g: 20% protein, 46% carbohydrate and 34% fat. Plate waste was 43% (range: 38% (fruit) to 61% (vegetables)). Mean CV of food served was 29%: 33% for entrees, 44% for vegetables, 60% for fruit and 76% for starches. Mean CV of food consumed was 46%: 58% for entrees, 86% for fruit, 96% for vegetables and 111% for starches. Total gram amount of food served was positively correlated with consumption (r = 0.43, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Plate waste and variation in amounts served and consumed were substantial; amounts served were associated with amounts consumed. Large portion sizes may contribute to paediatric obesity by promoting excessive intake at meals. Understanding factors influencing portion sizes provides insight about specific intervention strategies that can be used in obesity prevention programmes. C1 [Nicklas, Theresa A.; Liu, Yan; Stuff, Janice E.; Mendoza, Jason A.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Fisher, Jennifer O.] Temple Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [O'Neil, Carol E.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Nicklas, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tnicklas@bcm.edu FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [58-6250-6-003]; National Cancer Institute [5 R01 CA-107545]; USDA Hatch Project [LAB 93951] FX Sources of funding: This research project was supported by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) through specific cooperative agreement 58-6250-6-003 and the National Cancer Institute (Grant 5 R01 CA-107545). Partial support was received from the USDA Hatch Project LAB 93951. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 EI 1475-2727 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2169 EP 2177 DI 10.1017/S1368980013001377 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 250XC UT WOS:000326889000010 PM 23701867 ER PT J AU Magana, HA AF Magana, Hugo A. TI Flood pulse trophic dynamics of larval fishes in a restored arid-land, river-floodplain, Middle Rio Grande, Los Lunas, New Mexico SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Hybognathus amarus; Floodplain; Flood pulse; Stable isotopes ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; HYBOGNATHUS-AMARUS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; SILVERY MINNOW; ENERGY-SOURCES; FOOD-WEB; CARBON; ECOSYSTEMS; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13 AB Rio Grande water is intensively managed and regulated by international and interstate compacts, Native American treaties, local water rights, and federal, state, and local agencies. Legislation and engineering projects in the early twentieth century brought about water impoundment projects and channelization of the Rio Grande which led to the eventual loss of floodplain habitats. In particular, current water management practices in the Middle Rio Grande (MRG) have altered the natural flood regime altering the riparian community and floodplain dynamics which may be causing the demise of many fish species by altering food web processes. The Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus), a federally endangered species, has been classified as an herbivore, detritivore, or carnivore. During low flow conditions H. amarus is primarily an algivore; however, during flood conditions, hydrodynamic scouring reduces or eliminates benthic algal food sources. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize food resources and trophic interactions for H. amarus on a restored floodplain during an extended flood-pulse release from reservoirs using stable isotope analyses (delta C-13 and delta N-15) and paleolimnology techniques. Results from stable isotope ratios indicate that H. amarus obtained carbon primarily from chironomids while aquatic invertebrates (including chironomids) obtained their carbon from macrophytes. Results from the GLIMMIX procedure indicate that the range of isotopic signatures for prey items was much broader at parallel habitats (i.e. floodplain flow parallel to main stem flow) than perpendicular (i.e. floodplain flow perpendicular to main stem flow) or leeward habitats (i.e. leeward sides of island where flow was near zero) indicating a wider selection of food resources. This study suggests that increased duration of floodplain inundation in the MRG provides vital habitats for spawning, nursery, and recruitment of threatened and endangered fish species. A combination of allochthonous and autochthonous resources best describes the nutrient and energy transfers for the Los Lunas, NM restored floodplain. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Magana, HA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway Blvd 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM hmagana@fs.fed.us FU MRGESACP Habitat Restoration Committee [02-IA-11221602-061 Mod 11 BOR] FX This study was funded by MRGESACP Habitat Restoration Committee (02-IA-11221602-061 Mod 11 BOR). Many thanks to Drs. Rudy King and Scott Baggett (USDAFS, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO) for help analyzing data. Los Lunas ArcGIS map courtesy of Dr. Michael Porter (USBR, Albuquerque, NM). Thanks to Dr. T. F. Turner (University of New Mexico) and D. Snyder (Colorado State University) for assistance in identifying larval fish. Thanks to Dr. Jerry Jacobi (Jacobi and Associates) for identification of aquatic macroinvertebrates. I would like to thank the following people for generously donating their time and efforts to this study; Dr. Darin Law, Wade Wilson, Tom Kennedy, and Matt Carleton. Many thanks to my field and lab crew Nick Kennedy, Ben Zimmerman, Doug Price, and Ariel Muldoon for their tireless efforts. H. amarus were collected under U. S. F. W. S. permit number TE097324-0 (H. A. Magana) and other fish were collected under New Mexico permit number 3015 (TFT). Products used in this study do not constitute an endorsement by the USDA Forest Service. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 23 IS 4 BP 507 EP 521 DI 10.1007/s11160-013-9313-y PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 253NG UT WOS:000327094000006 ER PT J AU Boyce, RL Schaberg, PG Hawley, GJ Halman, JM Murakami, PF AF Boyce, Richard L. Schaberg, Paul G. Hawley, Gary J. Halman, Joshua M. Murakami, Paula F. TI Effects of soil calcium and aluminum on the physiology of balsam fir and red spruce saplings in northern New England SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Picea rubens; Abies balsamea; Chlorophyll fluorescence; Foliar cations; Soluble carbohydrates; Antioxidant enzyme activity ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MAPLE ACER-SACCHARUM; HARDWOOD FOREST; HUBBARD-BROOK; SUGAR MAPLE; PICEA-RUBENS; ACID-RAIN; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; NITROGEN SATURATION AB We examined the influence of calcium (Ca) and aluminum (Al) nutrition on the foliar physiology of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] in northern New England, USA. At the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (NH, USA), spruce and fir saplings were sampled from control, Al-, and Ca-supplemented plots at a long-established nutrient perturbation (NuPert) study in fall 2008. Measurements included cation concentrations (roots and foliage), dark-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence (F (v)/F (m)), soluble sugar concentrations, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in current-year foliage. Additional untreated saplings were sampled from base-rich Sleepers River (VT) and base-poor Jeffers Brook (NH) for F (v)/F (m) and foliar nutrient concentrations. At NuPert, there were significantly greater Ca concentrations and Ca:Al ratios in roots from the Ca end vs. the Al end of the Al-control-Ca addition gradient. There were also trends toward greater foliar Ca and Ca:Al ratios and lower Al concentrations across the treatment gradient at NuPert and for foliage at Sleepers River vs. Jeffers Brook. At NuPert, F (v)/F (m) and APX activity increased across the treatment gradient, and red spruce was higher in these measures than balsam fir. These patterns were also observed when Jeffers Brook and Sleepers River were compared. Increased Ca availability appeared to enhance the ability of red spruce and balsam fir to repair oxidative stress damage, including photooxidation. Our findings support work indicating a greater contemporary level of stress for balsam fir relative to red spruce, which is surprising considering the well-documented regional decline of spruce. C1 [Boyce, Richard L.] No Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Highland Hts, KY 41099 USA. [Schaberg, Paul G.; Murakami, Paula F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Hawley, Gary J.; Halman, Joshua M.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Boyce, RL (reprint author), No Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nunn Dr, Highland Hts, KY 41099 USA. EM boycer@nku.edu FU Center for Integrative Natural Sciences and Mathematics at Northern Kentucky University; Northeastern States Research Cooperative; USDA CSREES McIntire-Stennis Forest Research Program; National Science Foundation FX Financial support for this study was provided by the Center for Integrative Natural Sciences and Mathematics at Northern Kentucky University while the senior author was on sabbatical leave. This research was also supported by funds from the Northeastern States Research Cooperative and the USDA CSREES McIntire-Stennis Forest Research Program. Permission to conduct this research at NuPert was granted by the Hubbard Brook Research Advisory Committee. Ian Halm and Scott Bailey of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest also provided advice and logistical support. Assistance with field and laboratory measurements was provided by Chris Hansen and Ali Kosiba, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. Jamie Shanley and his staff at the US Geological Survey, Montpelier, Vermont, provided assistance and support for the work at Sleepers River. Doug Viehmann, Ann Vivian, Susannah McCandless, Ethan Mitchell, Ruah Swennerfelt and Louis Cox all provided logistical support during the study. This manuscript was greatly improved by reviews from Andrew J. Friedland, Anna W. Schoettle, and anonymous reviewers. This study is a contribution of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. Hubbard Brook is part of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 EI 1432-2285 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1657 EP 1667 DI 10.1007/s00468-013-0913-x PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 253LE UT WOS:000327086500014 ER PT J AU Wu, XW Moon, RJ Martini, A AF Wu, Xiawa Moon, Robert J. Martini, Ashlie TI Atomistic Simulation of Frictional Sliding Between Cellulose I beta Nanocrystals SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanotribology; Polymers; Friction mechanisms; Dynamic modeling ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTALLINE; SURFACES; MODELS; DEFORMATION; NANOSCALE; SYSTEM AB Sliding friction between cellulose I beta nanocrystals is studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The effects of sliding velocity, normal load, and relative angle between sliding surface are predicted, and the results analyzed in terms of the number of hydrogen bonds within and between the cellulose chains. We find that although the observed friction trends can be correlated with hydrogen bonding, it may not be the most significant factor in determining frictional behavior on cellulose nanocrystal surfaces. C1 [Wu, Xiawa] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moon, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Martini, Ashlie] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Engn, Merced, CA USA. RP Wu, XW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wu123@purdue.edu; robertmoon@fs.fed.us; amartini@ucmerced.edu FU Forest Products Laboratory [11-JV-11111129-087]; Atomic-Scale Modeling of Cellulose Nanocrystals, and Air Force Office of Sponsored Research [FA9550-11-1-0162] FX The authors are grateful to financial support for this research provided by the Forest Products Laboratory under USDA Grant: 11-JV-11111129-087 - Atomic-Scale Modeling of Cellulose Nanocrystals, and Air Force Office of Sponsored Research Grant: FA9550-11-1-0162-Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nanocellulosic Materials: Integrated Modeling and Experiments. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 EI 1573-2711 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 BP 395 EP 405 DI 10.1007/s11249-013-0223-x PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 250YL UT WOS:000326892900004 ER PT J AU Markland, SM Shortlidge, KL Hoover, DG Yaron, S Patel, J Singh, A Sharma, M Kniel, KE AF Markland, S. M. Shortlidge, K. L. Hoover, D. G. Yaron, S. Patel, J. Singh, A. Sharma, M. Kniel, K. E. TI Survival of Pathogenic Escherichia Coli on Basil, Lettuce, and Spinach SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE E. coli; persistence; irrigation; basil; survival; lettuce; spinach; promix; avian pathogenic E. coli ID BACTERIA; VIRULENCE; SOIL; PERSISTENCE; IRRIGATION; STRAINS; O157H7; HEALTH; GENOME; GROWTH AB The contamination of lettuce, spinach and basil with pathogenic E.coli has caused numerous illnesses over the past decade. E.coliO157:H7, E.coliO104:H4 and avian pathogenic E.coli (APECstx- and APECstx+) were inoculated on basil plants and in promix substrate using drip and overhead irrigation. When overhead inoculated with 7 log CFU/ml of each strain, E.coli populations were significantly (P=0.03) higher on overhead-irrigated plants than on drip-irrigated plants. APECstx-, E.coliO104:H4 and APECstx+ populations were recovered on plants at 3.6, 2.3 and 3.1 log CFU/g at 10 dpi (days post-inoculation), respectively. E.coliO157:H7 was not detected on basil after 4 dpi. The persistence of E.coliO157:H7 and APECstx- were similar when co-inoculated on lettuce and spinach plants. On spinach and lettuce, E.coliO157:H7 and APEC populations declined from 5.7 to 6.1 log CFU/g and 4.5 log CFU/g, to undetectable at 3 dpi and 0.6-1.6 log CFU/g at 7 dpi, respectively. The detection of low populations of APEC and E. coliO104:H4 strains 10 dpi indicates these strains may be more adapted to environmental conditions than E.coliO157:H7. This is the first reported study of E. coliO104:H4 on a produce commodity. C1 [Markland, S. M.; Shortlidge, K. L.; Hoover, D. G.; Kniel, K. E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Yaron, S.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Biotechnol & Food Engn, Haifa, Israel. [Patel, J.; Singh, A.; Sharma, M.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kniel, KE (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, 044 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM kniel@udel.edu FU Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD); Center for Produce Safety (CPS); CPS BARD Research Project [CP-9036-09]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX The authors would like to thank the Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) and the Center for Produce Safety (CPS) for funding this project, CPS BARD Research Project CP-9036-09, 'Persistence and Detection of Norovirus, Salmonella and Pathogenic E. coli on Basil and Leafy Greens'. Funding was also provided by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1863-1959 EI 1863-2378 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 8 BP 563 EP 571 DI 10.1111/zph.12033 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 255QR UT WOS:000327255400007 PM 23280331 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Gowda, PH Arnold, JG Mulla, DJ Ale, S Steiner, JL AF Moriasi, Daniel N. Gowda, Prasanna H. Arnold, Jeffrey G. Mulla, David J. Ale, Srinivasulu Steiner, Jean L. TI Modeling the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application and tile drain configuration on nitrate leaching using SWAT SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ADAPT; Drain depth; Drain spacing; Subsurface drainage ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; WATER MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; LOSSES; QUALITY; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; SOILS; CROP AB Recently, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was revised to improve the partitioning of runoff and tile drainage in poorly drained soils by modifying the algorithm that computes the soil moisture retention parameter. In this study, the Revised SWAT model was used to evaluate the sensitivity and long-term effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates and tile drain spacing (SDRAIN) and depths (DDRAIN) on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) losses through tile drains. Monitoring data for the 1983-1996 period measured on three experimental plots on a poorly drained Webster clay loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquoll) in southern Minnesota was used. Sensitivity analysis covered the 1983-1996 period and long-term simulations were made for the 1915-1996 period. Sensitivity analysis showed a decrease in tile flow as DDRAIN decreased and/or SDRAIN increased. The predicted NO3-N losses in tile drain decreased by 16% (from 33.8 to 28.4 kg ha(-1)) and 14% (from 34.0 to 29.4 kg ha(-1)) when SDRAIN was increased by 122% (from 27 to 60 m) and 40% (from 1.5 to 0.9 m), respectively. However, NO3-N losses were decreased by 67% (from 33.8 to 11.1 kg ha(-1)) when N application rate was decreased by 50% (from 200 to 100 kg ha(-1)). Long-term simulations results indicated that much greater reductions in NO3-N losses can be achieved with reduction in the N application rates than with changing the tile drain spacing and depth. Reductions in NO3-N losses were consistent with the results reported using the Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model, which was developed specifically for understanding effects of tile drainage on water quality in the Upper Midwest U.S. Overall, results from sensitivity analysis and long term simulation indicated that Revised SWAT can be used to adequately evaluate the effects of tile drain configurations on drainage and associated NO3-N losses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moriasi, Daniel N.; Steiner, Jean L.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Gowda, Prasanna H.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Arnold, Jeffrey G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Mulla, David J.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ale, Srinivasulu] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM daniel.moriasi@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX Funding for this study was provided by USDA-ARS. NR 63 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 130 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.003 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 246SR UT WOS:000326559900004 ER PT J AU Jaynes, DB AF Jaynes, D. B. TI Nitrate loss in subsurface drainage and corn yield as affected by timing of sidedress nitrogen SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Corn yield; N fertilizer application timing; Nitrate leaching ID COLOR INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; CHLOROPHYLL METER; ACTIVE SENSOR; RECOMMENDATIONS; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; REQUIREMENTS; IOWA; DEFICIENCY; STRATEGIES AB Using chlorophyll meters, crop sensors, or aerial photography to fine-tune sidedress N application rates have been proposed for optimizing and perhaps reducing overall N fertilizer use on corn Vert mays L.) and thereby improving water quality by reducing NO3 losses to surface and ground waters. However, numerous studies have shown that a range of sensors are unable to detect nitrogen deficiencies until at least the middle of and often late in the growing season. Sidedressing N early in the growing season has proven to be a sound strategy for optimizing yields and minimizing nitrate losses in tile drains. However, delaying sidedressing until mid-season (just before reproductive growth) has been shown to negate much of the yield and nitrate leaching loss benefits. For four years in an Iowa production field (2006-2009), we measured the crop yield and nitrate leaching losses to subsurface drain pipes in a corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] rotation when N fertilizer was sidedressed to corn at three different crop development stages. The first treatment had all of the N fertilizer applied when the corn was at the 2 leaf stage (V2). The other two treatments split the N fertilizer application equally between the V2 stage and when six corn leaves were fully extended (V6) or when 12 corn leaves were fully extended (V12). Waiting until the V12 stage to sidedress the remaining N is a compromise between when plant sensors may be sensitive to N deficiencies and when sidedressing may still provide a water quality benefit without a detrimental impact on corn yield. We found no consistent yield differences for corn among the three treatments with significantly decreasing corn yields in the order of V12 >V2 > V6 in 2008 but no differences in 2006 or when averaged over both years. Similarly, none of the N treatments affected soybean yields grown the following year. When averaged over all years, there were no significant differences in nitrate concentration or leaching losses in subsurface drains among the treatments. Thus, if crop sensors can provide N rate information for sidedressing by the V12 growth stage, optimization of N fertilizer rates for crop yield and minimization of nitrate leaching may be possible. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jaynes, DB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Dan.Jaynes@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX The author appreciates the assistance of K. Heikens, R. Hartwig, J. Cook, J. Erb, C. Pederson, B. Knutson, and A. Nelson with the field operations, the chemical analysis of NO3 supervised by A. Morrow, and the cooperation of B. Larson and family. This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 130 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.010 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 246SR UT WOS:000326559900006 ER PT J AU Wallace, CB Burton, MG Hefner, SG DeWitt, TA AF Wallace, C. B. Burton, M. G. Hefner, S. G. DeWitt, T. A. TI Effect of preceding rainfall on sediment, nutrients, and bacteria in runoff from biosolids and mineral fertilizer applied to a hayfield in a mountainous region SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biosolid; Fertilizer; Nutrient-loading; Runoff; Sediment ID LITTER APPLICATION RATE; POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL-COLIFORM; SURFACE RUNOFF; SOIL; NITROGEN AB Biosolids and mineral fertilizers (MF) can provide nutrient recycling and nutrients for hay production, but excessive or inappropriate applications can also contribute to water quality degradation when sediment, nutrients, and bacteria are included in surface runoff. Rainfall simulation studies were completed in a hayfield typical of the Ozark mountain region to compare sediment and nutrient content, and bacteria concentration in surface runoff from plots receiving biosolids or MF with or without pre-irrigation that simulated small (no runoff) rainfall events. No differences among treatments were detected for total suspended solids. According to an LSD test, fecal coliform colony-forming unit (CFU) levels in runoff in all biosolids treatments and the pre-irrigated MF treatment were similar to the unamended control; however, pre-planned orthogonal contrasts indicated more CFUs were included in runoff from pre-irrigated plots. Pre-irrigating treatments decreased certain forms of nitrogen and phosphorus losses found in surface runoff when compared to treatments that did not receive irrigation before a runoff event. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen, dissolved total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammoniacal-nitrogen, dissolved ammoniacal-nitrogen, total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved phosphorus (DP) losses from the MF treatment that received a runoff producing rainfall immediately after application were greater than any other treatment (P <= 0.05). Similarly, an orthogonal contrast of all MF treatments (with and without pre-irrigation) against the low rate of biosolids treatments (with and without pre-irrigation) revealed that MF had greater runoff losses of TP (P <= 0.0001) and DP (P <= 0.0002). Results suggest that MF applications have the potential to deliver higher nutrient pollutant loads through surface runoff than biosolids applications when a runoff producing rainfall event occurs soon after amendments are applied. This results in increased risk of nutrient loading to surface waters in states or areas where buffer areas are not required to protect them from MF runoff. In addition, nutrient losses in runoff may decrease when application is made such that small rainfall events occur prior to a runoff producing event. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wallace, C. B.; Burton, M. G.; DeWitt, T. A.] Missouri State Univ, William H Darr Sch Agr, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Hefner, S. G.] USDA, Missouri State Staff, Nat Resources Conservat Serv State Off, Parkade Ctr, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Burton, MG (reprint author), Missouri State Univ, William H Darr Sch Agr, 901 S Natl Ave, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM wallace15@live.missouristate.edu; mikeburton@missouristate.edu; steven.hefner@mo.usda.gov; tadewitt@missouristate.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 130 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.006 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 246SR UT WOS:000326559900012 ER PT J AU Deng, DF Ju, ZY Dominy, WG Bechtel, PJ Smiley, S AF Deng, D. F. Ju, Z. Y. Dominy, W. G. Bechtel, P. J. Smiley, S. TI An evaluation of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) testes meal in diets for pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): effect on palatability, digestibility and growth performance SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE digestibility; growth; nutritional composition; palatability; shrimp; testes meal ID TAURINE SUPPLEMENTATION; BY-PRODUCTS; FISHING INDUSTRY; INGREDIENTS; JUVENILE AB This study compared the nutritional profiles of menhaden fishmeal and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) testes meal and investigated the nutritional values of the testes meal based on its effect on palatability, digestibility and growth performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The testes meal replaced 0-91% of fishmeal protein in a control diet containing 150gkg(-1) fishmeal. Replacement of 69% of the fishmeal protein in the control diet significantly increased feed intake of shrimp from 0.61% to 1.10%. The apparent digestibility coefficient of dietary protein increased significantly when 91% of the fishmeal protein was replaced by the testes meal. Replacement of dietary fishmeal protein with up to 46% testes meal protein did not cause adverse effects on growth rate or nutritional composition of tail muscle. However, growth rate was significantly decreased in shrimp fed diets in which 69% or 91% of fishmeal protein was replaced by the testes meal. Results of this study indicate that the testes meal can be used as a feed additive to enhance the palatability and protein digestibility of low fishmeal diets for shrimp. It can replace up to 46% of fishmeal protein without any adverse effect on the growth performance of shrimp. C1 [Deng, D. F.; Ju, Z. Y.; Dominy, W. G.] Ocean Inst, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Bechtel, P. J.] Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Subarctic Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Smiley, S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK USA. RP Deng, DF (reprint author), Ocean Inst, 41-202 Kalanianaole Hwy, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM dfdeng@oceanicinstitute.org FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [58-5341-4-591]; University of Alaska Fairbanks [UAF-10-0043]; USDA-ARS FX Funding for this study, through Grant No 58-5341-4-591 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and through a Specific Cooperative Agreement with the University of Alaska Fairbanks UAF-10-0043, also funded by USDA-ARS, is gratefully acknowledged. We acknowledge the staff members of Aquatic Feeds and Nutrition Department, Oceanic Institute for their assistance in data collection and manuscript preparation. We would like to thank Dr. Robert P. Wilson for his review comments and editorial work on this manuscript. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1353-5773 EI 1365-2095 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 19 IS 6 BP 908 EP 916 DI 10.1111/anu.12036 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 252DQ UT WOS:000326985600007 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Yuan, ZH Jiang, JC AF Zhu, J. Y. Yuan, Z. -H. Jiang, J. C. TI Bioenergy Special Issue: International Conference on Bioenergy Technologies and Joint Symposium with AIChE Forest Products Division, Nanjing, China, October 2012 SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Yuan, Z. -H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Energy Convers Inst, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Jiang, J. C.] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Chem Ind Forest Prod, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 SI SI BP 1127 EP 1127 DI 10.1007/s12155-013-9361-0 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248WB UT WOS:000326735100001 ER PT J AU Liu, ZS AF Liu, Zengshe TI Preparation of Biopolymers from Plant Oils in Green Media SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Soybean oil; Epoxidized soybean oil; Euphorbia oil; Ring-opening polymerization; Supercritical and subcritical carbon dioxide AB The conversion of plant oils to polymers has attracted renewed attention in recent years to replace or augment the traditional petro-chemical based polymers and resins. This is because of concern for the environment, waste disposal, and depletion of fossil and non renewable feedstocks. In this study, the polymerization of soybean oil (SBO), epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), and euphorbia oil (EuO) in carbon dioxide (CO2) media (subcritical and supercritical conditions) catalyzed by Lewis acid were reported. The molecular structures of SBO, ESO, and EuO affected the polymerization. It showed that epoxidized plant oils are easier to polymerize than SBO. The resulting polymers were characterized by FTIR, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, solid state C-13-NMR spectroscopies, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. C1 USDA ARS, Biooils Res, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, ZS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biooils Res, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kevin.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 SI SI BP 1230 EP 1236 DI 10.1007/s12155-013-9323-6 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248WB UT WOS:000326735100013 ER PT J AU Velez, AM Spencer, TA Alves, AP Moellenbeck, D Meagher, RL Chirakkal, H Siegfried, BD AF Velez, A. M. Spencer, T. A. Alves, A. P. Moellenbeck, D. Meagher, R. L. Chirakkal, H. Siegfried, B. D. TI Inheritance of Cry1F resistance, cross-resistance and frequency of resistant alleles in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; Bt maize; Cry1F; inheritance; resistance; cross-resistance; F-1 screen; resistance management; high-dose refuge strategy ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS RESISTANCE; IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; BT TOXIN CRY1AC; HOST STRAINS; PUERTO-RICO; PESTICIDE RESISTANCE; EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; INSECT RESISTANCE AB Transgenic maize, Zea maize L., expressing the Cry1F protein from Bacillus thuringiensis has been registered for Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) control since 2003. Unexpected damage to Cry1F maize was reported in 2006 in Puerto Rico and Cry1F resistance in S. frugiperda was documented. The inheritance of Cry1F resistance was characterized in a S. frugiperda resistant strain originating from Puerto Rico, which displayed >289-fold resistance to purified Cry1F. Concentration-response bioassays of reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible parental populations indicated that resistance is recessive and autosomal. Bioassays of the backcross of the F-1 generation crossed with the resistant parental strain suggest that a single locus is responsible for resistance. In addition, cross-resistance to Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry2Aa and Vip3Aa was assessed in the Cry1F-resistant strain. There was no significant cross-resistance to Cry1Aa, Cry1Ba and Cry2Aa, although only limited effects were observed in the susceptible strain. Vip3Aa was highly effective against susceptible and resistant insects indicating no cross-resistance with Cry1F. In contrast, low levels of cross-resistance were observed for both Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac. Because the resistance is recessive and conferred by a single locus, an F-1 screening assay was used to measure the frequency of Cry1F-resistant alleles from populations of Florida and Texas in 2010 and 2011. A total frequency of resistant alleles of 0.13 and 0.02 was found for Florida and Texas populations, respectively, indicating resistant alleles could be found in US populations, although there have been no reports of reduced efficacy of Cry1F-expressing plants. C1 [Velez, A. M.; Spencer, T. A.; Siegfried, B. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Alves, A. P.] Dupont Pioneer, Johnston, IA USA. [Moellenbeck, D.] DM Crop Res Grp Inc, Polk City, IA USA. [Meagher, R. L.] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL USA. [Chirakkal, H.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Siegfried, BD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bsiegfried1@unl.edu OI Velez, Ana Maria/0000-0002-8329-6243 NR 74 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 38 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 EI 1475-2670 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 103 IS 6 BP 700 EP 713 DI 10.1017/S0007485313000448 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 250UN UT WOS:000326881400009 PM 23941623 ER PT J AU Riday, H Johnson, DW Heyduk, K Raasch, JA Darling, ME Sandman, JM AF Riday, Heathcliffe Johnson, David W. Heyduk, Karolina Raasch, John A. Darling, Mark E. Sandman, Jay M. TI Paternity testing in an autotetraploid alfalfa breeding polycross SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Alfalfa; Paternity testing; Self-fertility; Inbreeding; Seed production ID CROSS-POLLINATION; SATIVA; POPULATION; HONEYBEES; SELECTION; MARKERS; BEES AB Determining unknown parentage in autotetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (2n = 4x = 32) can improve breeding gains. An exclusion analysis-based paternity testing SAS code, amenable to genotyping errors, is presented for autotetraploid species utilizing co-dominant molecular markers with ambiguous dosage. To demonstrate the paternity testing SAS code, 19 SSR loci were genotyped and analyzed on 1,107 progeny from a commercial, isolated, clonally replicated, 16-parent alfalfa breeding polycross which was pollinated by leafcutter bees (Megachile rotundata F.). Paternal assignment success rate was over 90 %. Among typed progeny, 45 % were the result of self-fertilization. Significant differences were detected between the 15 parents that produced seed and were observed as fathers for (1) total fertilizing pollen contribution (% deviation from expectation), (2) self-fertilization rates (%), and (3) outcrossing fertilizing pollen contribution (% deviation from expectation). Physical within-cage distance between parental plants was correlated with outcrossing fertilizing pollen frequency (negative power function). Parental seed yield was positively correlated with total fertilizing pollen contribution, particularly with self-fertilization rates (42 % self-fertilization and 17 % outcrossing). These correlations suggest that selecting for increased seed yield may result in indirect selection for increased self-fertilization rates. Parental total fertilizing pollen contribution was 62 % determined by outcrossing and 35 % by self-fertilization. This study cautions alfalfa breeders that heretofore unconsidered sources of inbreeding could be present in some breeding materials. This study also provides cost effective and easy to use molecular genetic tools for detecting, managing, and/or selecting against (through breeding) those sources of inbreeding. C1 [Riday, Heathcliffe; Raasch, John A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Johnson, David W.; Darling, Mark E.; Sandman, Jay M.] Cal West Seeds, West Salem, WI 54669 USA. [Heyduk, Karolina] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Riday, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Heathcliffe.Riday@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD DEC PY 2013 VL 194 IS 3 BP 335 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s10681-013-0938-7 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 247FH UT WOS:000326600900003 ER PT J AU Mylroie, JE Warburton, ML Wilkinson, JR AF Mylroie, J. E. Warburton, M. L. Wilkinson, J. R. TI Development of a gene-based marker correlated to reduced aflatoxin accumulation in maize SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Resistance; Maize; Quantitative trait loci; Marker ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; KERNEL INFECTION; RESISTANCE; PARADIGM; MP313E; PLANTS; LINES; FIELD AB Aflatoxins are carcinogenic and toxic metabolites produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus during infection of maize (Zea mays L.) and other seed oil crops. Climatic conditions in the southeastern United States favor A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination in maize, making it a major issue for farmers in the region. One of the most promising avenues to combat aflatoxin contamination is the development of resistant maize lines. However, this has proven difficult due to a lack of reliable markers for resistance. Previous studies have identified candidate genes that were differentially expressed in response to A. flavus infection. One gene, encoding a chloroplast precursor, was found to contain multiple polymorphisms that were used to design a marker designated Mississippi Marker 1 (MpM1). The marker differentiates between the "resistance" and "susceptible" forms of the allele. This marker was used to screen three populations of F-2:3 mapping families, where it was found to map to chromosome 4 and was associated with a significant effect for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in the Mp313E x B73 mapping population. Furthermore, the marker MpM1 identified a previously unknown quantitative trait loci for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation on maize chromosome 4. MpM1 is the first gene-based marker developed specifically for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in maize and can now be integrated into existing marker assisted selection programs aimed at incorporating resistance into elite maize breeding lines. C1 [Mylroie, J. E.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Mylroie, J. E.; Warburton, M. L.] Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Mylroie, JE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM erik.mylroie@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University FX The authors would like to thank Jack Haynes, Rowena Kelley, Sam Abbas, Renuka Shivaji, and especially W. Paul Williams for their technical assistance and guidance. This research was funded through a specific cooperative agreement with the USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD DEC PY 2013 VL 194 IS 3 BP 431 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s10681-013-0973-4 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 247FH UT WOS:000326600900011 ER PT J AU Hellerstein, D Higgins, N Horowitz, J AF Hellerstein, Daniel Higgins, Nathaniel Horowitz, John TI The predictive power of risk preference measures for farming decisions SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE risk preference; best management practices; farmer risk aversion; HoltLaury risk measure ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; ELICITING RISK; UNCERTAINTY; ATTITUDES; ADOPTION; AGRICULTURE; AVERSION; DIVERSIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY; DETERMINANTS AB This paper uses a lottery-choice mechanism to measure farmer preferences over money-denominated risks. We look at the ability of these choice data to predict farming decisions for an in-person sample of 68 farmers. A coarse version of our risk preference measure has substantial explanatory power but in an unexpected direction: a farmer who was more risk averse under our measure was less likely to have diversified his operation and less likely to have a crop insurance contract. A fine version of our risk preference measure has essentially no explanatory power. We conclude that despite their widespread use in the lab, lottery-choice measures of risk preferences are unproven for predicting real world farming behaviour. C1 [Hellerstein, Daniel; Higgins, Nathaniel; Horowitz, John] USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Horowitz, J (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM jhorowitz@ers.usda.gov OI Hellerstein, Daniel/0000-0003-0933-8676 FU USDA [58-1000-9-084] FX We thank Brian Brandt, Ann Sorensen, and Anita Zurbrugg of the American Farmland Trust for help in carrying out the risk experiments. Funding for this research came in part through USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-1000-9-084. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 35 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0165-1587 EI 1464-3618 J9 EUR REV AGRIC ECON JI Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5 BP 807 EP 833 DI 10.1093/erae/jbs043 PG 27 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 248EG UT WOS:000326675900004 ER PT J AU Agelet, LE Armstrong, PR Tallada, JG Hurburgh, CR AF Agelet, Lidia Esteve Armstrong, Paul R. Tallada, Jasper G. Hurburgh, Charles R., Jr. TI Differences between conventional and glyphosate tolerant soybeans and moisture effect in their discrimination by near infrared spectroscopy SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NIR; Soybeans; Roundup ready; Genetically modified organisms ID FOOD AB Previous studies showed that Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) could distinguish between Roundup Ready (R) (RR) and conventional soybeans at the bulk and single seed sample level, but it was not clear which compounds drove the classification. In this research the varieties used did not show significant differences in major compounds between RR and conventional beans, but moisture content had a big impact on classification accuracies. Four of the five RR samples had slightly higher moistures and had a higher water uptake than their conventional counterparts. This could be linked with differences in their hulls, being either compositional or morphological. Because water absorption occurs in the same region as main compounds in hulls (mainly carbohydrates) and water causes physical changes from swelling, variations in moisture cause a complex interaction resulting in a large impact on discrimination accuracies. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Agelet, Lidia Esteve; Hurburgh, Charles R., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50014 USA. [Armstrong, Paul R.; Tallada, Jasper G.] USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Agelet, LE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 1545 Food Sci Bldg, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM esteve.lidia@gmail.com NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 141 IS 3 BP 1895 EP 1901 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.087 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 249GW UT WOS:000326766700046 ER PT J AU Lee, J Hwang, YS Chang, WS Moon, JK Choung, MG AF Lee, Jinwook Hwang, Young-Sun Chang, Woo-Suk Moon, Jung-Kyeong Choung, Myoung-Gun TI Seed maturity differentially mediates metabolic responses in black soybean SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbohydrates; Anthocyanins; Isoflavones; Fatty acids; Protein; Oil; Metabolomics; Partial least squares (PLS) analysis ID GLYCINE-MAX L.; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; PROTEIN; ANTHOCYANINS; ISOFLAVONES; COMPONENTS; OIL; ACCUMULATION AB The soybean seed is placed in the middle of the morphological and developmental alterations, such as changes in seed size, weight, and colour, and alteration of the composition and contents of metabolites during maturation. In this study, we used black soybean seeds to investigate the effect of maturity on metabolite levels at different maturity stages. Seeds were sorted into five maturity categories, from M1 to M5, based on seed size and external pigmentation. Maturity stages Ml, M3, and M5 are equivalent to R6, R7, and R8 on the soybean reproductive growth stage scale, indicating full seed, beginning maturity, and full maturity, respectively. As seed maturation progressed, the seed size decreased and the water soluble extract changed, indicating that a change of seed pigmentation occurred. At the same time, numerous metabolites responded differentially to seed maturation. The partial least squares (PLS) scores plot indicated that the metabolic alteration during maturation was clearly visible. Furthermore, isoflavones were highly associated with seed maturity on the PLS loading plot while fatty acids, glucose, fructose, and sucrose were less linked with seed maturity, indicating that those metabolites responded less to seed maturation. Overall, the results indicate that each category of metabolites is mediated differentially during maturation in black soybean seeds. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Jinwook] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Hwang, Young-Sun; Choung, Myoung-Gun] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Herbal Med Resource, Dogye Up 245907, Samcheok, South Korea. [Chang, Woo-Suk; Choung, Myoung-Gun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Moon, Jung-Kyeong] RDA, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Suwon 441857, South Korea. RP Choung, MG (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Herbal Med Resource, Dogye Campus,Hwangjori 3, Dogye Up 245907, Samcheok, South Korea. EM cmg7004@kangwon.ac.kr FU Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (Plant Molecular Breeding Center) [PJ 0090332012]; Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea FX This work was supported by grants from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (Plant Molecular Breeding Center No. PJ 0090332012), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 141 IS 3 BP 2052 EP 2059 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.059 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 249GW UT WOS:000326766700066 PM 23870927 ER PT J AU Lee, J Hwang, YS Lee, JD Chang, WS Choung, MG AF Lee, Jinwook Hwang, Young-Sun Lee, Jeong-Dong Chang, Woo-Suk Choung, Myoung-Gun TI Metabolic alterations of lutein, beta-carotene and chlorophyll a during germination of two soybean sprout varieties SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soybean sprout; Lutein; beta-Carotene; Chlorophyll a; Germination; Partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis ID ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS; NUTRITIONAL-EVALUATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BEANS PHASEOLUS; SEEDS; GLYCINE; ANTIOXIDANT; COMPONENTS; VULGARIS AB The metabolic changes of lutein, beta-carotene and chlorophyll a during germination of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) sprout varieties, 'Pungsannamulkong' and 'Bosug', have been studied. Seeds were germinated at 20 degrees C with 80% humidity in the darkness and sampled at 2 day intervals for 10 days. Partial least squares (PIS) scores plot showed that the responses of three metabolites during germination were linearly linked with each other except for day 2 in both varieties. PLS loading plots indicated that lutein content in whole sprout and cotyledon was closely associated with germination in 'Pungsannamulkong' while the chlorophyll a content in whole sprouts was highly linked with germination in 'Bosug'. Heatmap analyses revealed that lutein and beta-carotene levels, but not those of chlorophyll a, accumulated in whole soybean sprouts and cotyledon. While hypocotyls did not accumulate lipophilic pigments during germination, the accumulation of lutein and beta-carotene in the cotyledons was greater in 'Pungsannamulkong' than in 'Bosug' sprouts. In addition, the contents of lutein, beta-carotene and chlorophyll a increased from those in the seeds. Overall, the metabolic changes of lutein, beta-carotene and chlorophyll a during germination are affected not only by variety but also by organ type. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Jinwook] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Hwang, Young-Sun; Choung, Myoung-Gun] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Herbal Med Resource, Dogye Up 245907, Samcheok, South Korea. [Lee, Jeong-Dong] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Appl Biosci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Chang, Woo-Suk; Choung, Myoung-Gun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Choung, MG (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Herbal Med Resource, Dogye Campus,Hwangjori 3, Dogye Up 245907, Samcheok, South Korea. EM cmg7004@kangwon.ac.kr NR 31 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 141 IS 3 BP 3177 EP 3182 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 249GW UT WOS:000326766700214 PM 23871075 ER PT J AU Seabloom, EW Borer, ET Buckley, Y Cleland, EE Davies, K Firn, J Harpole, WS Hautier, Y Lind, E Macdougall, A Orrock, JL Prober, SM Adler, P Alberti, J Anderson, TM Bakker, JD Biederman, LA Blumenthal, D Brown, CS Brudvig, LA Caldeira, M Chu, CJ Crawley, MJ Daleo, P Damschen, EI D'Antonio, CM Decrappeo, NM Dickman, CR Du, GZ Fay, PA Frater, P Gruner, DS Hagenah, N Hector, A Helm, A Hillebrand, H Hofmockel, KS Humphries, HC Iribarne, O Jin, VL Kay, A Kirkman, KP Klein, JA Knops, JMH La Pierre, KJ Ladwig, LM Lambrinos, JG Leakey, ADB Li, Q Li, W Mcculley, R Melbourne, B Mitchell, CE Moore, JL Morgan, J Mortensen, B O'Halloran, LR Partel, M Pascual, J Pyke, DA Risch, AC Salguero-Gomez, R Sankaran, M Schuetz, M Simonsen, A Smith, M Stevens, C Sullivan, L Wardle, GM Wolkovich, EM Wragg, PD Wright, J Yang, L AF Seabloom, Eric W. Borer, Elizabeth T. Buckley, Yvonne Cleland, Elsa E. Davies, Kendi Firn, Jennifer Harpole, W. Stanley Hautier, Yann Lind, Eric Macdougall, Andrew Orrock, John L. Prober, Suzanne M. Adler, Peter Alberti, Juan Anderson, T. Michael Bakker, Jonathan D. Biederman, Lori A. Blumenthal, Dana Brown, Cynthia S. Brudvig, Lars A. Caldeira, Maria Chu, Chengjin Crawley, Michael J. Daleo, Pedro Damschen, Ellen I. D'Antonio, Carla M. Decrappeo, Nicole M. Dickman, Chris R. Du, Guozhen Fay, Philip A. Frater, Paul Gruner, Daniel S. Hagenah, Nicole Hector, Andrew Helm, Aveliina Hillebrand, Helmut Hofmockel, Kirsten S. Humphries, Hope C. Iribarne, Oscar Jin, Virginia L. Kay, Adam Kirkman, Kevin P. Klein, Julia A. Knops, Johannes M. H. La Pierre, Kimberly J. Ladwig, Laura M. Lambrinos, John G. Leakey, Andrew D. B. Li, Qi Li, Wei Mcculley, Rebecca Melbourne, Brett Mitchell, Charles E. Moore, Joslin L. Morgan, John Mortensen, Brent O'Halloran, Lydia R. Paertel, Meelis Pascual, Jesus Pyke, David A. Risch, Anita C. Salguero-Gomez, Roberto Sankaran, Mahesh Schuetz, Martin Simonsen, Anna Smith, Melinda Stevens, Carly Sullivan, Lauren Wardle, Glenda M. Wolkovich, Elizabeth M. Wragg, Peter D. Wright, Justin Yang, Louie TI Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness? SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; SPECIES INVASIONS; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; CONSERVATION AB Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass-dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic-dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site- or regional-scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring species' relative abundance will more rapidly advance our understanding of invasions. C1 [Seabloom, Eric W.; Borer, Elizabeth T.; Hautier, Yann; Lind, Eric; Wragg, Peter D.] Univ MN, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Buckley, Yvonne; Salguero-Gomez, Roberto] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Cleland, Elsa E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Davies, Kendi; Melbourne, Brett] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Firn, Jennifer] Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. [Harpole, W. Stanley; Biederman, Lori A.; Frater, Paul; Hofmockel, Kirsten S.; Mortensen, Brent; Sullivan, Lauren] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hautier, Yann; Hector, Andrew] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Macdougall, Andrew] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Orrock, John L.; Damschen, Ellen I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Prober, Suzanne M.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. [Adler, Peter] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Adler, Peter] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Alberti, Juan; Daleo, Pedro; Iribarne, Oscar; Pascual, Jesus] Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras UNMdP CONICET, Mar Del Plata, Argentina. [Anderson, T. Michael] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Bakker, Jonathan D.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blumenthal, Dana] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brudvig, Lars A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Caldeira, Maria] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Agron, Ctr Estudos Florestais, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal. [Chu, Chengjin; Du, Guozhen] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Life Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Crawley, Michael J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [D'Antonio, Carla M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Decrappeo, Nicole M.; Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dickman, Chris R.; Wardle, Glenda M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Desert Ecol Res Grp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Fay, Philip A.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Gruner, Daniel S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hagenah, Nicole; Kirkman, Kevin P.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [Hagenah, Nicole; La Pierre, Kimberly J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Helm, Aveliina; Paertel, Meelis] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. [Hillebrand, Helmut] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Humphries, Hope C.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jin, Virginia L.] USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kay, Adam] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Klein, Julia A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knops, Johannes M. H.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ladwig, Laura M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Lambrinos, John G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Leakey, Andrew D. B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Leakey, Andrew D. B.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Li, Qi] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Plateau Biol, Key Lab Adaptat & Evolut Plateau Biota, Xining 810008, Qinghai, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei] Southwest Forestry Univ, Yunnan Acad Biodivers, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China. [Mcculley, Rebecca] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Mitchell, Charles E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Moore, Joslin L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Australian Res Ctr Urban Ecol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Morgan, John] La Trobe Univ, Dept Bot, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [O'Halloran, Lydia R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Risch, Anita C.; Schuetz, Martin] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Sankaran, Mahesh] Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Simonsen, Anna] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [Smith, Melinda] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stevens, Carly] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Wolkovich, Elizabeth M.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Wright, Justin] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Yang, Louie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Seabloom, EW (reprint author), Univ MN, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM seabloom@umn.edu RI Hillebrand, Helmut/I-1717-2014; Hautier, Yann/D-5426-2015; Helm, Aveliina/H-3127-2015; Partel, Meelis/D-5493-2012; Moore, Joslin/C-5270-2009; Gruner, Daniel/A-5166-2010; Li, Qi/H-4374-2011; MacDougall, Andrew/F-2037-2011; Mitchell, Charles/I-3709-2014; Buckley, Yvonne/B-1281-2008; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; Harpole, William/C-2814-2013; Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009; Wragg, Peter/C-8385-2009; Hector, Andrew/H-4199-2011; Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012; Caldeira, Maria/D-4107-2013; Salguero-Gomez, Roberto/N-6016-2016; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016; Prober, Suzanne/G-6465-2010; OI Hillebrand, Helmut/0000-0001-7449-1613; Hautier, Yann/0000-0003-4347-7741; Helm, Aveliina/0000-0003-2338-4564; Partel, Meelis/0000-0002-5874-0138; Moore, Joslin/0000-0001-9809-5092; Gruner, Daniel/0000-0002-3153-4297; Mitchell, Charles/0000-0002-1633-1993; Buckley, Yvonne/0000-0001-7599-3201; Harpole, William/0000-0002-3404-9174; Wragg, Peter/0000-0003-2361-4286; Borer, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2259-5853; La Pierre, Kimberly/0000-0001-7056-4547; Biederman, Lori/0000-0003-2171-7898; Lind, Eric/0000-0003-3051-7724; Hector, Andrew/0000-0002-1309-7716; Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336; Caldeira, Maria/0000-0002-3586-8526; Salguero-Gomez, Roberto/0000-0002-6085-4433; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316; Firn, Jennifer/0000-0001-6026-8912; Seabloom, Eric/0000-0001-6780-9259; Daleo, Pedro/0000-0001-9759-1203 FU Nutrient Network; National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network [NSF-DEB-1042132]; Long Term Ecological Research program [NSF-DEB-1234162]; Institute on the Environment [DG-0001-13] FX This work was generated using data from the Nutrient Network (http://nutnet.org) experiment, funded at the site scale by individual researchers. Coordination and data management have been supported by funding to E. Borer and E. Seabloom from the National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network (NSF-DEB-1042132) and Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-DEB-1234162 to Cedar Creek LTER) programs and the Institute on the Environment (DG-0001-13). We also thank the Minnesota Supercomputer Institute for hosting project data and the Institute on the Environment for hosting Network meetings. Supplemental table S3 provides information on author roles. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 14 U2 157 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 19 IS 12 BP 3677 EP 3687 DI 10.1111/gcb.12370 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250FN UT WOS:000326836000011 PM 24038796 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Cao, FP Roussel, AM Anderson, RA AF Cao, Heping Cao, Fangping Roussel, Anne-Marie Anderson, Richard A. TI Quantitative PCR for glucose transporter and tristetraprolin family gene expression in cultured mouse adipocytes and macrophages SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Gene expression; Mouse; Quantitative real-time PCR; SYBR Green; TaqMan ID REAL-TIME PCR; RT-PCR; TAQMAN AB Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) such as TaqMan and SYBR Green qPCR are widely used for gene expression analysis. The drawbacks of SYBR Green assay are that the dye binds to any double-stranded DNA which can generate false-positive signals and that the length of the amplicon affects the intensity of the amplification. Previous results demonstrate that TaqMan assay is more sensitive but generates lower calculated expression levels than SYBR Green assay in quantifying seven mRNAs in tung tree tissues. The objective of this study is to expand the analysis using animal cells. We compared both qPCR assays for quantifying 24 mRNAs including those coding for glucose transporter (Glut) and mRNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that SYBR Green and TaqMan qPCR were reliable for quantitative gene expression in animal cells. This result was supported by validation analysis of Glut and TTP family gene expression. However, SYBR Green qPCR overestimated the expression levels in most of the genes tested. Finally, both qPCR instruments (Bio-Rad's CFX96 real-time system and Applied Biosystems' Prism 7700 real-time PCR instrument) generated similar gene expression profiles in the mouse cells. These results support the conclusion that both qPCR assays (TaqMan and SYBR Green qPCR) and both qPCR instruments (Bio-Rad's CFX96 real-time system and Applied Biosystems' Prism 7700 real-time PCR instrument) are reliable for quantitative gene expression analyses in animal cells but SYBR Green qPCR generally overestimates gene expression levels than TaqMan qPCR. C1 [Cao, Heping] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Cao, Fangping] Beijing Forestry Univ, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Roussel, Anne-Marie] Univ Grenoble 1, LBFA, INSERM, U884, Grenoble, France. [Anderson, Richard A.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cao, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Heping.Cao@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products Research Program 306 [CRIS 6435-41000-106-00D]; USDA Human Nutrition Research Program 107 through [CRIS 1235-51520-037-00D] FX This work was supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products Research Program 306 through CRIS 6435-41000-106-00D and the Human Nutrition Research Program 107 through CRIS 1235-51520-037-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 49 IS 10 BP 759 EP 770 DI 10.1007/s11626-013-9671-8 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 249UE UT WOS:000326801900004 PM 23949780 ER PT J AU Kitikoon, P Gauger, PC Anderson, TK Culhane, MR Swenson, S Loving, CL Perez, DR Vincent, AL AF Kitikoon, Pravina Gauger, Phillip C. Anderson, Tavis K. Culhane, Marie R. Swenson, Sabrina Loving, Crystal L. Perez, Daniel R. Vincent, Amy L. TI Swine influenza virus vaccine serologic cross-reactivity to contemporary US swine H3N2 and efficacy in pigs infected with an H3N2 similar to 2011-2012 H3N2v SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd ISIRV International Symposium on Neglected Influenza Viruses CY MAR 07-08, 2013 CL Dublin, IRELAND DE Antigenic drift; H3N2v; hemagglutinin inhibition; influenza A virus; maternally derived antibody; vaccines ID MATERNAL ANTIBODY INTERFERENCE; UNITED-STATES; A VIRUSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TRANSMISSION; HUMANS; PATHOGENICITY; NUCLEOPROTEIN; PROTECTION; EVOLUTION AB BackgroundSwine influenza A virus (IAV) reassortment with 2009 H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm09) virus has been documented, and new genotypes and subclusters of H3N2 have since expanded in the US swine population. An H3N2 variant (H3N2v) virus with the H1N1pdm09 matrix gene and the remaining genes of swine triple reassortant H3N2 caused outbreaks at agricultural fairs in 2011-2012. MethodsTo assess commercial swine IAV vaccines' efficacy against H3N2 viruses, including those similar to H3N2v, antisera to three vaccines were tested by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) assay against contemporary H3N2. Vaccine 1, with high HI cross-reactivity, was further investigated for efficacy against H3N2 virus infection in pigs with or without maternally derived antibodies (MDA). In addition, efficacy of a vaccine derived from whole inactivated virus (WIV) was compared with live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) against H3N2. ResultsHemagglutinin inhibition cross-reactivity demonstrated that contemporary swine H3N2 viruses have drifted from viruses in current swine IAV vaccines. The vaccine with the highest level of HI cross-reactivity significantly protected pigs without MDA. However, the presence of MDA at vaccination blocked vaccine efficacy. The performance of WIV and LAIV was comparable in the absence of MDA. ConclusionsSwine IAV in the United States is complex and dynamic. Vaccination to minimize virus shedding can help limit transmission of virus among pigs and people. However, vaccines must be updated. A critical review of the use of WIV in sows is required in the context of the current IAV ecology and vaccine application in pigs with MDA. C1 [Kitikoon, Pravina; Anderson, Tavis K.; Loving, Crystal L.; Vincent, Amy L.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Gauger, Phillip C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. [Culhane, Marie R.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Swenson, Sabrina] USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. [Perez, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vincent, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, NADC, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov OI Perez, Daniel/0000-0002-6569-5689; Anderson, Tavis/0000-0002-3138-5535 FU USDA-ARS; USDA-APHIS FX Authors wish to thank Michelle Harland, Gwen Nordholm, Katie Gibson, and Alicia Janas-Martindale for excellent technical assistance and Jason Huegal, Jason Crabtree, and Tyler Standley for animal care and handling assistance. Thank you to Dr. Matthew Sandbulte for providing MDA-positive piglets. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. Funding was provided by USDA-ARS and USDA-APHIS. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1750-2640 EI 1750-2659 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD DEC PY 2013 VL 7 SU S4 SI SI BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1111/irv.12189 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 250YC UT WOS:000326891700007 PM 24224818 ER PT J AU Anderson, TK Nelson, MI Kitikoon, P Swenson, SL Korslund, JA Vincent, AL AF Anderson, Tavis K. Nelson, Martha I. Kitikoon, Pravina Swenson, Sabrina L. Korslund, John A. Vincent, Amy L. TI Population dynamics of cocirculating swine influenza A viruses in the United States from 2009 to 2012 SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd ISIRV International Symposium on Neglected Influenza Viruses CY MAR 07-08, 2013 CL Dublin, IRELAND DE Epidemiology; influenza A virus; surveillance; swine; vaccines; zoonotic diseases ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; H3N2 VIRUS; PIGS; TRANSMISSION; REASSORTMENT; EVOLUTION; HUMANS; SEASONALITY; INFECTIONS AB BackgroundUnderstanding the ecology and evolution of influenza A viruses (IAV) in mammalian hosts is critical to reduce disease burden in production animals and lower zoonotic infection risk in humans. Recent advances in influenza surveillance in US swine populations allow for timely epidemiological, phylogenetic, and virological analyses that monitor emergence of novel viruses and assess changes in viral population dynamics. MethodsTo better understand IAV in the North American swine population, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis of 1075 HA, 1049 NA, and 1040M sequences of IAV isolated from US swine during 2009-2012 through voluntary and anonymous submissions to the US Department of Agriculture IAV swine surveillance system. ResultsAnalyses revealed changes in population dynamics among multiple clades of A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and A/H1N2 cocirculating in US swine populations during 2009-2012. Viral isolates were categorized into one of seven genetically and antigenically distinct hemagglutinin lineages: H1, H1, H1, H11, H12, H1pdm09, and H3 cluster IV. There was an increase in occurrence of H11 in samples submitted, with a concurrent decrease in H1pdm09. H3 cluster IV exhibited increasing diversification, warranting a re-evaluation of phylogenetic nomenclature criteria. Although H3N2 represented 25% of identified viruses, this subtype was reported in increasing proportion of sequenced isolates since late 2011. ConclusionsSurveillance and reporting of IAV in US swine have increased since 2009, and we demonstrate a period of expanded viral diversity. These data may be used to inform intervention strategies of vaccine and diagnostic updates and changes in swine health management. C1 [Anderson, Tavis K.; Kitikoon, Pravina; Vincent, Amy L.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Nelson, Martha I.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Swenson, Sabrina L.] USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. [Korslund, John A.] USDA APHIS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Riverdale, MD USA. RP Vincent, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, NADC, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, Tavis/0000-0002-3138-5535 FU Supplemental Appropriations Act FX We are grateful to the pork producers, swine veterinarians, and laboratories for participating in the USDA Influenza Virus Surveillance System for swine. Funding was provided from the Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2009 for pandemic influenza preparedness and response to the Department of Health and Human Services, as well as base funding to the USDA-ARS and USDA-APHIS-VS. Disclaimer: Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 55 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1750-2640 EI 1750-2659 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD DEC PY 2013 VL 7 SU S4 SI SI BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1111/irv.12193 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 250YC UT WOS:000326891700008 PM 24224819 ER PT J AU Mosheim, R AF Mosheim, Roberto TI A shadow distance function decomposition of the environmental Kuznets curve: comparing the South China Sea and the Caribbean SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Environmental Kuznets curve; CO2; Distance function ID OF-CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNDESIRABLE OUTPUTS; FRONTIER ESTIMATION; POLLUTION; PRODUCTIVITY; INEFFICIENCY; HETEROSCEDASTICITY; HYPOTHESIS; INPUT; TRADE AB This study decomposes the environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 into scale, composition and technique effects for a sample of countries in the South China Sea and Caribbean basins, regions at risk of increased exposure to extreme tropical weather and at different developmental stages. Effect variation with respect to population density and investment proportion of GDP show evidence of more effective abatement activities and more appropriate technology in the South China Sea economies. The countries with the highest levels of technical efficiency in the different regions also have the most equal distribution of income and the highest population densities. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Mosheim, R (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM rmosheim@ers.usda.gov NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-562X EI 1573-0441 J9 J PROD ANAL JI J. Prod. Anal. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 40 IS 3 SI SI BP 457 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s11123-013-0370-y PG 16 WC Business; Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 247RY UT WOS:000326638600016 ER PT J AU Marsh, AP Lovato, LC Glynn, NW Kennedy, K Castro, C Domanchuk, K McDavitt, E Rodate, R Marsiske, M McGloin, J Groessl, EJ Pahor, M Guralnik, JM AF Marsh, Anthony P. Lovato, Laura C. Glynn, Nancy W. Kennedy, Kimberly Castro, Cynthia Domanchuk, Kathryn McDavitt, Erica Rodate, Ruben Marsiske, Michael McGloin, Joanne Groessl, Erik J. Pahor, Marco Guralnik, Jack M. CA LIFE Study Res Grp TI Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study: Recruitment and Baseline Characteristics SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Mobile disability; Older adults; Physical activity; Minority recruitment; Randomized controlled trial ID LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OLDER-PEOPLE; SUBSEQUENT DISABILITY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; STRATEGIES; ADULTS; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION; RETENTION AB Recruitment of older adults into long-term clinical trials involving behavioral interventions is a significant challenge. The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study is a Phase 3 multicenter randomized controlled multisite trial, designed to compare the effects of a moderate-intensity physical activity program with a successful aging health education program on the incidence of major mobility disability (the inability to walk 400 m) in sedentary adults aged 7089 years, who were at high risk for mobility disability (scoring 9 on the Short Physical Performance Battery) at baseline. Recruitment methods, yields, efficiency, and costs are described together with a summary of participant baseline characteristics. Yields were examined across levels of sex, race and ethnicity, and Short Physical Performance Battery, as well as by site. The 21-month recruiting period resulted in 14,812 telephone screens; 1,635 participants were randomized (67.2% women, 21.0% minorities, 44.7% with Short Physical Performance Battery scores 7). Of the telephone-screened participants, 37.6% were excluded primarily because of regular participation in physical activity, health exclusions, or self-reported mobility disability. Direct mailing was the most productive recruitment strategy (59.5% of randomized participants). Recruitment costs were $840 per randomized participant. Yields differed by sex and Short Physical Performance Battery. We accrued 11% more participant follow-up time than expected during the recruitment period as a result of the accelerated recruitment rate. The LIFE Study achieved all recruitment benchmarks. Bulk mailing is an efficient method for recruiting high-risk community-dwelling older persons (including minorities), from diverse geographic areas for this long-term behavioral trial. C1 [Marsh, Anthony P.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Lovato, Laura C.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biostat Sci, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Glynn, Nancy W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Kennedy, Kimberly] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Sticht Ctr Aging, Sect Gerontol & Geriatr Med,Dept Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Castro, Cynthia] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Domanchuk, Kathryn] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [McDavitt, Erica] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Rodate, Ruben] Louisiana State Univ Syst, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Pahor, Marco] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Inst Aging, Dept Aging & Geriatr Res, Gainesville, FL USA. [McGloin, Joanne] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Groessl, Erik J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Guralnik, Jack M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Gerontol, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Marsh, AP (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM marshap@wfu.edu RI Buford, Thomas /B-1111-2011; OI Buford, Thomas /0000-0002-9541-4358; Marsiske, Michael/0000-0001-5973-2116; Glynn, Nancy/0000-0003-2265-0162 FU WFU Claude D. Pepper Center National Institutes for Aging [P30 AG021332]; Yale Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [P30AG021342]; National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging [UO1 AG22376]; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [3U01AG022376-05A2S]; University of Florida Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [P30AG028740]; Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health FX A.P.M. is supported by the WFU Claude D. Pepper Center National Institutes for Aging (P30 AG021332). J.M. is supported by the Yale Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30AG021342). The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study is funded by a National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging Cooperative Agreement (UO1 AG22376) and a supplement from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (3U01AG022376-05A2S), in part supported by the University of Florida Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30AG028740) and sponsored in part by the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1079-5006 EI 1758-535X J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1549 EP 1558 DI 10.1093/gerona/glt064 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 248DX UT WOS:000326675000012 PM 23716501 ER PT J AU Burow, G Franks, C Xin, ZG Burke, J AF Burow, Gloria Franks, Cleve Xin, Zhanguo Burke, John TI Developmental and genetic characterization of a short leaf mutant of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench.)) SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE Sorghum; Mutant; Plant architecture; Short leaf; Erect leaf; Compact canopy ID GREEN-REVOLUTION; GRAIN-YIELD; PLANT ARCHITECTURE; RICE; MAIZE; ARABIDOPSIS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MORPHOLOGY; BIOMASS; LEAVES AB Changes in plant architecture, specifically conversion to compact canopy for cereal crops, have resulted in significant increases in grain yield for wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa). For sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) a versatile crop with an open canopy, plant architecture is an important feature that merits strong consideration for modification. Here, we report the genetic, developmental, and physiological characterization of a sorghum genetic stock, KFS2061, a stable mutant (in the Western Black Hull Kafir background) which exhibit short and erect leaves resulting in compact plant architecture. Genetic study of an F-2 population derived from the cross of KFS2061 to BTx623 showed that the short leaf is recessive and appeared to be controlled by a single gene. The expression of the short leaf trait commenced with the 3rd leaf and is propagated through the entire leaf hierarchy of the canopy. The short leaf mutant exhibited consistent steep leaf angle, 43A degrees (with the main culm as reference), and greener leaves than wild type. Biochemical analyses indicated significantly higher chlorophyll and cellulose content per leaf area in the mutant than wild type. Histological studies revealed reduction in cell length along the longitudinal axis and enlargement of bulliform cells in the adaxial surface of the mutant leaf. Further evaluation of agronomic traits indicated that this mutation could increase harvest index. This study provides information on a short leaf genetic stock that could serve as a vital resource in understanding how to manipulate plant canopy architecture of sorghum. C1 [Burow, Gloria; Franks, Cleve; Xin, Zhanguo; Burke, John] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Burow, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM gloria.burow@ars.usda.gov; cleve.franks@pioneer.com; zhanguo.xin@ars.usda.gov; john.burke@ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 EI 1573-5087 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 71 IS 3 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s10725-013-9827-2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 247MT UT WOS:000326622700008 ER PT J AU Haff, RP Saranwong, S Thanapase, W Janhiran, A Kasemsumran, S Kawano, S AF Haff, Ronald P. Saranwong, Sirinnapa Thanapase, Warunee Janhiran, Athit Kasemsumran, Sumaporn Kawano, Sumio TI Automatic image analysis and spot classification for detection of fruit fly infestation in hyperspectral images of mangoes SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mango; Fruit fly; Insect detection; NIR imaging; Hyperspectral; Image processing ID DNA MICROARRAYS AB Fruit fly infestation of mangos is a major concern for growers and exporters, leading to requirements for quarantine treatments such as vapor heat treatment or irradiation and subsequent reduction in quality and consumer acceptance. An on-line method for detection and removal of infested fruit would thus benefit producers and consumers. An algorithm has been developed to identify spots generated in hyperspectral images of mangoes infested with fruit fly larvae. The algorithm incorporates background removal, application of a Gaussian blur, thresholding, and particle count analysis to identify locations of infestations. Each of the four algorithm steps involves adjustable parameters which were iteratively tested to find the optimal combination for detection in terms of false positive and false negative results. For algorithm parameters selected to minimize false negative results, a false negative error rate of 1.0% was achieved with 11.1% false positive error and 6.0% overall error in heavily infested samples. For the same sample set, the lowest overall error rate achieved was 2.0%, with 1.0% false positive and 3.0% false negative. For samples with lower infestation rates, the error rates were much higher, the lowest overall error being 12.3%. This therefore demonstrates the feasibility of hyperspectral imaging for fruit fly detection while highlighting the need for technology with improved resolution and signal to noise ratio to allow detection of single larvae. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haff, Ronald P.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Saranwong, Sirinnapa; Kawano, Sumio] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. [Thanapase, Warunee; Janhiran, Athit; Kasemsumran, Sumaporn] Kasetsart Univ, Kasetsart Agr & Agroind Prod Improvement Inst, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. RP Haff, RP (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ron.haff@ars.usda.gov FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) FX We would like to acknowledge Mr. Bertram Lee and Dr. Natsuko Toyofuku for excellent image processing and computer programming assistance. This research is partially supported by the bilateral research project sponsored by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT). NR 11 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 86 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.06.003 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 247YG UT WOS:000326660300004 ER PT J AU McDonald, H Arpaia, ML Caporaso, F Obenland, D Were, L Rakovski, C Prakash, A AF McDonald, Heather Arpaia, Mary Lu Caporaso, Fred Obenland, David Were, Lilian Rakovski, Cyril Prakash, Anuradha TI Effect of gamma irradiation treatment at phytosanitary dose levels on the quality of 'Lane Late' navel oranges SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gamma irradiation; Phytosanitary; Navel oranges; Sensory; Quality ID AROMA VOLATILE COMPOSITION; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; SENSORY QUALITY; PEEL DAMAGE; RADIATION; STORAGE; FRUIT; JUICE; IDENTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION AB The objectives of this study were to determine the dose tolerance of 'Lane Late' navel oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) to irradiation for phytosanitary purposes, identify the sensory attributes that may be affected by the treatment, and determine which changes, if any, influence consumer liking. 'Lane Late' navel oranges on Carrizo citrange (C sinensis Poncirus trifoliate) rootstock were irradiated at target dose levels of 200, 400 and 600 Gy (actual absorbed doses were in the range of 100-300,300-500, and 500-700 Gy, respectively) then stored for 1 d at 5 degrees C, 3 weeks at 5 degrees C (to simulate sea shipment to Asia) or 4 weeks (3 weeks at 5 degrees C and 1 week at 20 degrees C to simulate distribution to retail following sea shipment). Trained sensory panelists found increased pitting and visual damage in oranges treated at doses of 400 and 600 Gy. Consumer liking scores for appearance were significantly lower for oranges treated at 400 Gy, however, their overall liking scores for those same oranges were not significantly different than control. Color, total phenolic content, vitamin C and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) values were not affected by irradiation. Dose effects were seen in terms of visual damage, increased weight loss and increased concentration of certain volatiles and as well as decreased SSC (soluble solids concentration) at doses 400 and 600 Gy. The primary effect of irradiation on fruit quality was external damage and pitting at doses of 400 and 600 Gy. Further research should consider pack configuration and/or combination treatments to possibly mitigate negative irradiation effects on appearance of the fruit. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McDonald, Heather; Caporaso, Fred; Were, Lilian; Prakash, Anuradha] Chapman Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Food Sci Program, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Arpaia, Mary Lu] Univ Calif, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Obenland, David] ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Rakovski, Cyril] Chapman Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fac Math, Orange, CA 92866 USA. RP Prakash, A (reprint author), Chapman Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Food Sci Program, 1 Univ Dr, Orange, CA 92866 USA. EM prakash@chapman.edu FU USDA-FAS FX The project was funded by a TASC Grant from USDA-FAS. The authors wish to thank Mary McCulloch and Yiqui Xia for their assistance in executing the sensory tests and all of the trained panelists and consumers who participated in this study. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 86 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.06.018 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 247YG UT WOS:000326660300013 ER PT J AU Liu, YB AF Liu, Yong-Biao TI Controlled atmosphere treatment for control of grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on harvested table grapes SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Controlled atmosphere; Ultralow oxygen; Phytosanitary; Postharvest pest control; Grape mealybug; Table grape ID ULTRALOW OXYGEN TREATMENT; WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS THYSANOPTERA; POSTHARVEST CONTROL; ICEBERG LETTUCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; QUALITY; INSECT AB Controlled atmosphere (CA) treatments with ultralow oxygen (ULO) alone and in combinations with 50% carbon dioxide were studied to control grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) on harvested table grapes. Two ultralow oxygen levels, 30 and <0.01 mu L L-1,were tested in both ULO and ULO + 50% CO2 treatments. The ULO treatments with the lower oxygen level were more effective than the ULO treatments at the higher oxygen level. The ULO + 50% CO2 treatments were more effective than the ULO treatments. Grape mealybug eggs were significantly more tolerant of ULO and ULO + CO2 treatments than nymphs and adults. A 14 day ULO treatment with 30 mu L L-1 O-2 at 2 degrees C did not achieve 100% mortalities of any life stage. In the presence of 50% CO2, the 14d treatment achieved complete mortality of all life stages of the grape mealybug. A 3d ULO treatment with <0.01 mu L L-1 O-2 at 2 degrees C resulted in 93.3% mortality of nymphs and adults. The 3 d ULO treatment in combination with 50% CO2 treatments, however, achieved complete control of grape mealybug nymphs and adults and caused 70.5% relative egg mortality. Complete egg mortality was achieved in a 10 d ULO + 50% CO2 treatment with <0.01 mu L L-1 O-2 at 2 degrees C. Both the 14 d CA treatment with 30 mu L L-1 O-2 and 50% CO2 and the 10 d CA treatment with <0.01 mu L L-1 O-2 and 50% CO2 were tested on table grapes and grape quality was evaluated after two weeks of post-treatment storage. The CA treatments did not have a significant negative impact on grape quality and were safe for table grapes. The study indicated that CA treatments have potential to be developed for postharvest control of grape mealybug on harvested table grapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Liu, YB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM yongbiao.liu@ars.usda.gov FU California Table Grape Commission; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service FX I thank T. Masuda, Y. Obad, and J. Wasson for technical assistance. I also thank Dr. W. J. Bentley of UC Davis for providing the source of grape mealybug culture. This study was supported in part by funding from the California Table Grape Commission and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 86 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.06.025 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 247YG UT WOS:000326660300016 ER PT J AU Mattheis, J Felicetti, D Rudell, DR AF Mattheis, James Felicetti, David Rudell, David R. TI Pithy brown core in 'd'Anjou' pear (Pyrus communis L.) fruit developing during controlled atmosphere storage at pO(2) determined by monitoring chlorophyll fluorescence SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fruit ripening; Physiological disorders; Ethanol; Fruit quality; Firmness ID LOW-OXYGEN STRESS; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; BARTLETT PEARS; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; QUALITY; TEMPERATURE; ETHYLENE AB Physiological responses and fruit quality of 'd'Anjou' pear fruit from five orchard lots were evaluated after cold storage in air or controlled atmospheres (CA) with the O-2 concentration based on assessment of fruit chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) or standard conditions (1.5 kPa O-2). The pCO(2) for all CA fruit was 0.5 kPa. Softening, acid loss, and peel degreening of all lots were delayed at one or more evaluation dates (2, 4, 6, 8 months) by previous storage at the CF pO(2) compared with fruit stored in 1.5 kPa O-2 or in air. Superficial scald developed on fruit previously stored in air but not on fruit stored in a CA. Pithy brown core developed on fruit from all lots stored at the CF pO(2) and on fruit stored at 1.5 kPa in 3 of the 5 lots. Pithy brown core incidence decreased with advanced harvest maturity. Post-storage ethylene and CO2 production were in most instances lowest for fruit stored at the CF pO(2). A significant relationship between fruit ethanol content and pithy brown core incidence was observed. Results indicate low pO(2) storage based on CF monitoring slows fruit ripening relative to fruit stored at 1.5 kPa O-2, prevents superficial scald development compared with fruit stored in air, however, development of pithy brown core in fruit stored at the CF pO(2) was not accompanied by a change in CF. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mattheis, James; Felicetti, David; Rudell, David R.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mattheis, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM james.mattheis@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 86 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.07.006 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 247YG UT WOS:000326660300034 ER PT J AU Brito, BP Perez, AM Jamal, SM Belsham, GJ Pauszek, SJ Ahmed, Z Rodriguez, LL AF Brito, B. P. Perez, A. M. Jamal, S. M. Belsham, G. J. Pauszek, S. J. Ahmed, Z. Rodriguez, L. L. TI Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Phylodynamics: Genetic Variability Associated with Epidemiological Factors in Pakistan SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Foot-and-mouth disease; Pakistan; epidemiology; genetic variation; buffalo; cattle ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; AFGHANISTAN; OUTBREAKS; EVOLUTION AB One of the most challenging aspects of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control is the high genetic variability of the FMD virus (FMDV). In endemic settings such as the Indian subcontinent, this variability has resulted in the emergence of pandemic strains that have spread widely and caused devastating outbreaks in disease-free areas. In countries trying to control and eradicate FMD using vaccination strategies, the constantly evolving and wide diversity of field FMDV strains is an obstacle for identifying vaccine strains that are successful in conferring protection against infection with field viruses. Consequently, quantitative knowledge on the factors that are associated with variability of the FMDV is prerequisite for preventing and controlling FMD in the Indian subcontinent. A hierarchical linear model was used to assess the association between time, space, host species and the genetic variability of serotype O FMDV using viruses collected in Pakistan from 2005 to 2011. Significant (P<0.05) amino acid and nucleotide variations were associated with spatial distance, but not with differences in host species, which is consistent with the frequent multi-species infection of this serotype O FMDV. Results from this study will contribute to the understanding of FMDV variability and to the design of FMD control strategies in Pakistan. Viruses sequenced here also provide the earliest reported isolate from the Pan Asia IIANT-10 sublineage, which has caused several outbreaks in the Middle East and spread into Europe (Bulgaria) and Africa (Libya). C1 [Brito, B. P.; Perez, A. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Perez, A. M.] Univ Nacl Rosario, Fac Ciencias Vet, CONICET CECSA, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Jamal, S. M.] Natl Vet Lab, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Jamal, S. M.; Belsham, G. J.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, Lindholm, Denmark. [Brito, B. P.; Pauszek, S. J.; Ahmed, Z.; Rodriguez, L. L.] USDA ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Brito, BP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, 1044 Haring Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bbrito@ucdavis.edu FU Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program fellowship; USDA ARS-Pakistan Foot-and-Mouth Disease project [58-1940-7-161F] FX B. Brito and Z. Ahmed are recipients of a Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program fellowship administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). All opinions expressed in this paper are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of the USDA, DOE, ORAU/ORISE. This research was funded in part by USDA ARS-Pakistan Foot-and-Mouth Disease project 58-1940-7-161F. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1865-1674 EI 1865-1682 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 516 EP 524 DI 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01366.x PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 248JU UT WOS:000326696500004 PM 22846206 ER PT J AU Uddowla, S Pacheco, JM Larson, C Bishop, E Rodriguez, LL Rai, DK Arzt, J Rieder, E AF Uddowla, Sabena Pacheco, Juan M. Larson, Christopher Bishop, Elizabeth Rodriguez, Luis L. Rai, Devendra K. Arzt, Jonathan Rieder, Elizabeth TI Characterization of a chimeric foot-and-mouth disease virus bearing a bovine rhinitis B virus leader proteinase SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chimeric foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV); FMDV pathogenesis; Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) leader proteinase ID ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON; I INTERFERON; SWISS-MODEL; PROTEASE; CATTLE; PATHOGENESIS; RECOGNITION; SWINE; RNA; IDENTIFICATION AB Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) shares many motifs and sequence similarities with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). This study examined if the BRBV leader proteinase (L-pro) could functionally replace that of FMDV. A mutant A(24)L(BRV)3D(YR) FMDV engineered with the BRBV L-pro and an antigenic marker in the 3D polymerase exhibited growth properties and eIF4G cleavage similar to parental A(24)WT virus. The A(24)L(BRV)3D(YR) type I interferon activity in infected bovine cells resembled that of A(24)LL virus that lacks L-pro, but this effect was less pronounced for A(24)L(BRV)3D(YR) infected porcine cells. In vivo studies showed that the A(24)L(BRV)3D(YR) virus was attenuated in cattle, and exhibited low virulence in pigs exposed by direct contact. The mutant virus induced protective immunity in cattle against challenge with parental A(24)WT. These results provide evidence that L-pro of different Aphthoviruses are not fully functionally interchangeable and have roles that may depend on the nature of the infected host. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Uddowla, Sabena; Pacheco, Juan M.; Larson, Christopher; Bishop, Elizabeth; Rodriguez, Luis L.; Rai, Devendra K.; Arzt, Jonathan; Rieder, Elizabeth] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rieder, E (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM Elizabeth.Rieder@ars.usda.gov OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201; Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 FU CRIS [1940-32000-053-00D, 1940-32000-057-00D]; Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture; Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program FX We thank Dr. Alfonso Clavijo for the gift of mAbs against the FMDV 3Dpol and Drs. Marvin Grubman and Paul Lawrence for fruitful discussions. This research was supported by CRIS Project no. 1940-32000-053-00D, 1940-32000-057-00D, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (Dr. Elizabeth Rieder). Dr. Sabena Uddowla, Dr. Devendra K. Rai and Mr. Christopher Larson were the recipient of a fellowship by the Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC PY 2013 VL 447 IS 1-2 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.035 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 246QF UT WOS:000326553500019 PM 24210112 ER PT J AU Wahl, DA Cooper, C Ebeling, PR Eggersdorfer, M Hilger, J Hoffmann, K Josse, R Kanis, JA Mithal, A Pierroz, DD Stenmark, J Stocklin, E Dawson-Hughes, B AF Wahl, D. A. Cooper, C. Ebeling, P. R. Eggersdorfer, M. Hilger, J. Hoffmann, K. Josse, R. Kanis, J. A. Mithal, A. Pierroz, D. D. Stenmark, J. Stoecklin, E. Dawson-Hughes, B. TI A global representation of vitamin D status in healthy populations: reply to comment by Saadi SO ARCHIVES OF OSTEOPOROSIS LA English DT Letter C1 [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wahl, D. A.; Pierroz, D. D.; Stenmark, J.] Int Osteoporosis Fdn, Nyon, Switzerland. [Cooper, C.] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England. [Cooper, C.] Univ Oxford, NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomed Res Unit, Oxford, England. [Ebeling, P. R.] Univ Melbourne, Northwest Acad Ctr, Western Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Eggersdorfer, M.; Stoecklin, E.] DSM Nutr Prod, Nutr Sci & Advocacy & Human Nutr Res & Dev, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland. [Hilger, J.; Hoffmann, K.] Heidelberg Univ, Mannheim Med Fac, Mannheim Inst Publ Hlth Social & Prevent Med, Mannheim, Germany. [Josse, R.] Univ Toronto, Div Endocrinol & Metab, St Michaels Hosp Hlth Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Mithal, A.] Medanta Medicity, Sect 38, Gurgaon, India. [Kanis, J. A.] Univ Sheffield, Sch Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu FU Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12011/1, MC_UP_A620_1014] NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1862-3522 EI 1862-3514 J9 ARCH OSTEOPOROS JI Arch. Osteoporos. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1-2 AR 122 DI 10.1007/s11657-013-0122-7 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Orthopedics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Orthopedics GA V42WW UT WOS:000209644900009 PM 23371520 ER PT J AU Baranowski, T AF Baranowski, Tom TI This Month's Offerings: Why Are They Important? SO GAMES FOR HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med,Pediat Behav Nutr & P, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med,Pediat Behav Nutr & P, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2161-783X EI 2161-7856 J9 GAMES HEALTH J JI Games Health J. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 2 IS 6 BP 315 EP 316 DI 10.1089/g4h.2013.1330 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA V40ZC UT WOS:000209515500001 PM 26197070 ER PT J AU Kirk, PM Stalpers, JA Braun, U Crous, PW Hansen, K Hawksworth, DL Hyde, KD Lucking, R Lumbsch, TH Rossman, AY Seifert, KA Stadler, M AF Kirk, Paul M. Stalpers, Joost A. Braun, Uwe Crous, Pedro W. Hansen, Karen Hawksworth, David L. Hyde, Kevin D. Lucking, Robert Lumbsch, Thorsten H. Rossman, Amy Y. Seifert, Keith A. Stadler, Mark TI A without-prejudice list of generic names of fungi for protection under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants SO IMA FUNGUS LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Basidiomycota; Chytridiomycota; Glomeromycota; Lichens; Myxomycota; Nomenclature; Protected List; Oomycota; Zygomycota AB As a first step towards the production of a List of Protected Generic Names for Fungi, a without-prejudice list is presented here as a basis for future discussion and the production of a List for formal adoption. We include 6995 generic names out of the 17072 validly published names proposed for fungi and invite comments from all interested mycologists by 31 March 2014. The selection of names for inclusion takes note of recent major publications on different groups of fungi, and further the decisions reached so far by international working groups concerned with particular families or genera. Changes will be sought in the Code to provide for this and lists at other ranks to be protected against any competing unlisted names, and to permit the inclusion of names of lichen-forming fungi. A revised draft will be made available for further discussion at the 10th International Mycological Congress in Bangkok in August 2014. A schedule is suggested for the steps needed to produce a list for adoption by the International Botanical Congress in August 2017. This initiative provides mycologists with an opportunity to place nomenclature at the generic level on a more secure and stable base. C1 [Kirk, Paul M.; Hawksworth, David L.] Royal Bot Gardens, Mycol Sect, Richmond TW9 3DS, Surrey, England. [Stalpers, Joost A.; Crous, Pedro W.] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. [Braun, Uwe] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, Bereich Geobot & Bot Garten, Herbarium, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Hansen, Karen] Swedish Museum Nat Hist S, Dept Bot, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hawksworth, David L.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Farm, Dept Biol Vegetal 2, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Hawksworth, David L.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Hyde, Kevin D.] Mae Fah Luang Univ, Inst Excellence Fungal Res, Chiang Rai, Thailand. [Hyde, Kevin D.] Mae Fah Luang Univ, Sch Sci, Chiang Rai, Thailand. [Lucking, Robert; Lumbsch, Thorsten H.] Field Museum, Sci & Educ, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Rossman, Amy Y.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Seifert, Keith A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Biodivers Mycol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Stadler, Mark] Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res GmbH, Dept Microbial Drugs, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Kirk, PM (reprint author), Royal Bot Gardens, Mycol Sect, Richmond TW9 3DS, Surrey, England. EM p.kirk@kew.org RI Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012; OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825; Stadler, Marc/0000-0002-7284-8671 FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [CGL2011-25003] FX We are indebted to numerous mycologists for their co-operation in this venture. In addition, DLH acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion project CGL2011-25003 while this work was being prepared. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA C/O J TAYLOR, DEPT PLANT & MICROBIAL BIOLOGY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 2210-6340 EI 2210-6359 J9 IMA FUNGUS JI IMA Fungus PD DEC PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.02.17 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA V46UH UT WOS:000209908600036 PM 24563844 ER PT J AU Haff, RP Pearson, TC Maghirang, E AF Haff, Ron P. Pearson, Tom C. Maghirang, Elizabeth TI A multispectral sorting device for isolating single wheat kernels with high protein content SO JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE Light emitting diodes; Sorting; Wheat; Protein content AB Automated sorting of single wheat kernels according to protein content was demonstrated using two novel multispectral sorting devices with different spectral ranges: 470-1,070 nm (silicone based detector) and 910-1,550 nm (InGaAs based detector). The multispectral data were acquired by rapidly (similar to 12 kHz) and sequentially pulsing LEDs at nine wavelengths and measuring the amount of light reflected from the wheat kernels at each wavelength as they drop off a feeder chute. A microcontroller was used to direct the LED pulses, digitize the analog signal from the photodiode, perform signal processing, and apply classifications. Sorting was accomplished through activation of an air valve. The instruments were tested by sorting 13 hard red winter samples to select high protein kernels. The resulting sample of high protein kernels was sorted a second and third time to further increase average sample protein content. For the silicone based instrument, the sorted samples had 0.99, 1.60, and 1.86 % higher protein than the original samples after each sort, respectively. Similarly, after sorting with the InGaAs based LED instrument, sorted samples had 0.60, 1.25, and 1.68 % higher protein than the original samples after one, two, and three sorts, respectively. The simple LED-based sorter is very economical as compared to most other small scale sorting systems, with material costs for the prototype of around $6,000. This sorter would likely be most effectively employed to select desired traits of small lots of seed (e.g., breeder size samples), assist in sample purification, and help breeders in selecting the kernels with higher protein. C1 [Haff, Ron P.] USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pearson, Tom C.; Maghirang, Elizabeth] USDA ARS CGAHR, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Haff, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Ron.Haff@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1932-7587 EI 2193-4134 J9 J FOOD MEAS CHARACT JI J. Food Meas. Charact. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 7 IS 4 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s11694-013-9150-7 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V41BI UT WOS:000209521300001 ER PT J AU McElrone, AJ Shapland, TM Calderon, A Fitzmaurice, L Paw, UKT Snyder, RL AF McElrone, Andrew J. Shapland, Thomas M. Calderon, Arturo Fitzmaurice, Li Paw, Kyaw Tha U. Snyder, Richard L. TI Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Environmental Sciences; Issue 82; Conservation of Natural Resources; Engineering; Agriculture; plants; energy balance; irrigated agriculture; flux data; evapotranspiration; agrometeorology AB Advanced micrometeorological methods have become increasingly important in soil, crop, and environmental sciences. For many scientists without formal training in atmospheric science, these techniques are relatively inaccessible. Surface renewal and other flux measurement methods require an understanding of boundary layer meteorology and extensive training in instrumentation and multiple data management programs. To improve accessibility of these techniques, we describe the underlying theory of surface renewal measurements, demonstrate how to set up a field station for surface renewal with eddy covariance calibration, and utilize our open-source turnkey data logger program to perform flux data acquisition and processing. The new turnkey program returns to the user a simple data table with the corrected fluxes and quality control parameters, and eliminates the need for researchers to shuttle between multiple processing programs to obtain the final flux data. An example of data generated from these measurements demonstrates how crop water use is measured with this technique. The output information is useful to growers for making irrigation decisions in a variety of agricultural ecosystems. These stations are currently deployed in numerous field experiments by researchers in our group and the California Department of Water Resources in the following crops: rice, wine and raisin grape vineyards, alfalfa, almond, walnut, peach, lemon, avocado, and corn. C1 [McElrone, Andrew J.] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [McElrone, Andrew J.; Shapland, Thomas M.; Calderon, Arturo] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Calderon, Arturo] Univ Chile, Fac Agr Sci, Santiago, Chile. [Fitzmaurice, Li; Paw, Kyaw Tha U.; Snyder, Richard L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fitzmaurice, Li] URS Corp Australia Pty Ltd, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP McElrone, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ajmcelrone@ucdavis.edu FU J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines, National Grape and Wine Institute, a NIFA Specialty Crops Research Initiative; USDA-ARS CRIS [5306-21220-004-00] FX Partial support for this research was provided by J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines, the National Grape and Wine Institute, a NIFA Specialty Crops Research Initiative grant to AJM, and USDA-ARS CRIS funding (Research Project #5306-21220-004-00). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD DEC PY 2013 IS 82 AR UNSP e50666 DI 10.3791/50666 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36RR UT WOS:000209229000010 PM 24378712 ER PT J AU Loughran, CL Nowak, EM Schofer, J Sullivan, KO Sullivan, BK AF Loughran, Caleb L. Nowak, Erika M. Schofer, Justin Sullivan, Keith O. Sullivan, Brian K. TI LAGOMORPHS AS PREY OF WESTERN DIAMOND-BACKED RATTLESNAKES (CROTALUS ATROX) IN ARIZONA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB The dietary breadth of the western diamond-backed rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) has been well documented; however, the relationship of species of prey and optimum energetic intake (e.g., size) is poorly understood. While lagomorphs have been documented as prey, their regularity in diets of C. atrox has not been examined. During several studies of C. atrox in Arizona, we collected dietary data through direct and indirect observation and analysis of scat. Lagomorphs were regularly included in the diet of adult C. atrox at all sites. Our observations suggest that C. atrox might select prey based on size to benefit from maximum energetic intake per feeding event. C1 [Loughran, Caleb L.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Nowak, Erika M.] No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Schofer, Justin] US Forest Serv, Gila Natl Forest, Reserve, NM 87830 USA. [Sullivan, Keith O.; Sullivan, Brian K.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Nat Sci, Phoenix, AZ 85069 USA. RP Loughran, CL (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM loughranc@cwu.edu FU National Park Service; Western National Parks Association; J. W. Prather Memorial Scholarship; United States Geological Survey FX Support for our research was provided by the National Park Service, the Western National Parks Association, the J. W. Prather Memorial Scholarship, and the United States Geological Survey. M. Cardwell and E. Dugan provided invaluable assistance in refining methods for analysis of scat. R. Parker also assisted with dissection of scat. Assistance in the field was provided by L. Gilmore, M. Hamilton, R. Parker, A. Madara-Yagla, the staffs of Montezuma Castle, Tuzigoot, and Tonto national monuments, and many volunteers. Research on animals was conducted under National Park Service and Arizona Game and Fish Department permits and Northern Arizona University IACUC permit no. 05-010. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 58 IS 4 BP 502 EP 505 DI 10.1894/0038-4909-58.4.502 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V37ZF UT WOS:000209313000022 ER PT J AU Benson, TJ Dinsmore, JJ Hohman, WL AF Benson, Thomas J. Dinsmore, James J. Hohman, William L. TI Soil Disturbances Increase Songbird Use of Monotypic Re-Established Grasslands SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bird density; disking; grassland birds; monotypic grasslands; vegetation management; Wetlands Reserve Program AB Extensive conversion of natural areas for agricultural production has had many consequences, including reduced habitat for nesting birds. Increasing focus on habitat re-establishment has led to the establishment of patches of perennial herbaceous vegetation in these agricultural landscapes, although these often consist of monotypic grass fields with little vegetation diversity. In 2001 and 2002, we assessed songbird responses to mowing followed by a soil disturbance (disking) meant to increase vegetation diversity and abundance of arthropod food resources in conservation easements in East-central Iowa, USA. We randomly assigned fields to disking and control treatments and collected data on breeding bird density and species richness in these habitats before and after treatments were applied. Disking increased density of all species combined, several individual species including dickcissel (Spiza americana; a declining species of concern), and overall conservation value of bird communities in treated fields. Total bird density increased with disking when the size of disked area was relatively small, and dickcissels and American goldfinches (Spinus tristis) responded positively and negatively to block-shaped treatments, respectively. Most species either showed no response or increased in density with disking. Changes associated with disking treatments were likely related to changes in both vegetation structure and increased abundance and biomass of arthropod food resources. Disking appears to be an effective management practice for maintaining herbaceous habitats, increasing vegetation diversity and food availability for insectivorous birds, and increasing habitat quality for priority bird species. Given the increasing availability of monotypic grasslands in agricultural landscapes, this practice may provide a relatively inexpensive way to improve re-established habitats. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Benson, Thomas J.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Dinsmore, James J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hohman, William L.] Iowa State Univ, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Wildlife Habitat Management Inst,Dept Nat Resourc, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Benson, TJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM tjbenson@gmail.com FU USDA NRCS's Wildlife Habitat Management Institute; Iowa State Office; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; IDNR; USFWS; ICFWRU; Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station [3478]; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at ISU; Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation FX We thank R. Trine, T. Smith, R. Bishop, and T. Little of the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR); J. Ayen, M. Lindflott, and T. Meyer of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS); S. Lewis of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); R. Koford of the Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (ICFWRU); and T. Jurik of Iowa State University (ISU) for assistance with the design, funding, or implementation of this study. We are grateful to R. Koford, T. Jurik, D. Johnson, and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the USDA NRCS's Wildlife Habitat Management Institute and Iowa State Office, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the IDNR, the USFWS, the ICFWRU, the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station (project 3478), and the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at ISU. The help of M. Ackelson of the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation was invaluable in facilitating funding of this work. C. Bouchard, A. Carlton, K. DuBois, M. Eich, P. Gesch, G. Lawton, and K. Zeltinger provided valuable laboratory or field assistance. Partners in Flight prioritization scores are available from the Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory at www.rmbo.org/pif/pifdb.html. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 37 IS 4 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.1002/wsb.302 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38IC UT WOS:000209336100006 ER PT J AU Caudell, JN AF Caudell, Joe N. TI Review of Wound Ballistic Research and Its Applicability to Wildlife Management SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ammunition; ballistics; firearms; wound ballistics AB Wound ballistics is a science that has been gaining attention in wildlife management because of the movement toward non-lead bullets for hunting and wildlife management projects. Wildlife biologists and managers are interested in evaluating new bullet technologies and using traditional bullets outside of their initial design parameters; however, much of the background and science that is involved in a wound ballistic study is outside of a typical wildlife biologist's training. I present a review of major wound ballistic history and background, including theories of how bullets wound and kill, and I review the primary techniques used for wound ballistic research. I found that most of the wound ballistic literature is found in a wide range of publications in both gray and primary literature; however, little work has been published that uses these techniques to investigate wound ballistics for wildlife management. Many of the techniques described for assessing the terminal ballistic for medical, military, and law enforcement purposes can be applied in the wildlife management field. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Caudell, JN (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM joe.n.caudell@aphis.usda.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 37 IS 4 BP 824 EP 831 DI 10.1002/wsb.311 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38IC UT WOS:000209336100017 ER PT J AU Dick, BL Findholt, SL Johnson, BK AF Dick, Brian L. Findholt, Scott L. Johnson, Bruce K. TI A Self-Adjusting Expandable GPS Collar for Male Elk SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; expandable collar; GPS; male elk; Oregon; radiotelemetry; telemetry AB It is a challenge to use collars on male cervids because their neck size can increase substantially during the rut and also because of growth as the animal matures. We describe how to build a self-adjusting expandable collar for yearling or adult male Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) to which very high frequency transmitters and global positioning system (GPS) units can be attached. We evaluated performance and durability of 35 expandable collars placed on male elk from 2009 through 2011 within the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range enclosure, Northeast Oregon, USA. Twenty-four (69%) collars remained on elk throughout our sampling period for GPS fixes from March or April to 1 November each year. Eight (23%) collars broke before 1 November and 3 (9%) collars were removed when males were harvested by hunters. Six of 8 collars that broke before 1 November came off during the rut. Mean date these collars broke was 19 September (SE = 7.1 days, 95% CI = 1 Sept. to 7 Oct.). Excluding 1 collar still being worn by a male elk and those collars either recovered when males were harvested by hunters (3) or removed from adult males on the winter feed ground (7), mean number of days collars stayed on was 279 (SE = 25.5, 95% CI = 225.8-331.3 days). No deaths or injuries were attributed to the collars. Because these collars can break, especially during the rut, we recommend sample sizes of males be increased >= 25% to compensate for collars that may come off during that period. Collars are not recommended for multi-year studies of male elk without substantial modifications to our design and further testing. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Dick, Brian L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Findholt, Scott L.; Johnson, Bruce K.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Dick, BL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM scott.l.findholt@state.or.us FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Pacific Northwest Research Station of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service FX Financial support came from the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act administered by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Funding was also provided by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and Pacific Northwest Research Station of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. We thank M. Hansen and M. Wisdom for reviewing an early draft of the manuscript. We also thank Associate Editor C. Jacques and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on our manuscript. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 37 IS 4 BP 887 EP 892 DI 10.1002/wsb.320 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38IC UT WOS:000209336100027 ER PT J AU Matchett, MR Breck, SW Callon, J AF Matchett, Marc R. Breck, Stewart W. Callon, John TI Efficacy of Electronet Fencing for Excluding Coyotes: A Case Study for Enhancing Production of Black-Footed Ferrets SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferret; coyote; electric fence; endangered species; Montana; Mustela nigripes; predation; reintroduction; translocation AB Reducing coyote (Canis latrans) predation can be an important management objective. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of electronet fencing for excluding coyotes from focal areas on black tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies, measured the effect of fencing on wild-born black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) kit survival, and modeled costs and benefits of fencing. From 27 July to 2 October 2010 in north-central Montana, USA, we erected and maintained 7.7 km of electronet that enclosed 108 ha on portions of 2 prairie dog colonies. We monitored 2 female ferrets and 6 kits inside exclosures and 3 females and 12 kits outside of exclosures. Percent of coyote sightings in the protected areas was 6 times less than expected during the exclosure period (42% pre-exclosure, 7% exclosure, 47% post-exclosure). We conclude that the electronet fencing was effective for dramatically decreasing coyote activity in focal areas where black-footed ferret litters were being raised. We found evidence that survival of kits living primarily in protected areas was 22% higher, but we qualify this finding because of low sample sizes and because our monitoring activity on the study site may have influenced coyote activity. We estimated one-time costs for fencing to be US$4,464/km and operation and/or maintenance costs for the 68 days of fence operation to be US$641/km. If fencing increased survival by 20-30%, then total cost per ferret kit not lost to coyote predation would range between US$5,400 and $3,600, or US$ 2,550 and $1,700 if fence set-up-take-down labor and use of an all-terrain vehicle were donated. Published 2013. C1 [Matchett, Marc R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. [Breck, Stewart W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Callon, John] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Matchett, MR (reprint author), 333 Airport Rd, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. EM randy_matchett@fws.gov FU NWRC; CMR FX We thank the numerous Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge (CMR) staff and Rocky Mountain College volunteer students that assisted with construction and take-down of the electric fence in addition to the numerous volunteers that assisted with spotlighting efforts to monitor ferrets. P. Darrow, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Wildlife Service-National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) deserves special mention for his assistance in the field. We thank P. Doherty for advice with the survival analysis. Field technician support was provided by funding from NWRC and we are indebted to CMR for providing funding and logistical support, without which this study could not have been conducted. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 37 IS 4 BP 893 EP 900 DI 10.1002/wsb.348 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38IC UT WOS:000209336100028 ER PT J AU Dimov, L Chambers, J Lockhart, B AF Dimov, Luben D. Chambers, Jim L. Lockhart, Brian Roy TI Tree species exhibit complex patterns of distribution in bottomland hardwood forests SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Univariate and bivariate tree spatial patterns ID SPATIAL-PATTERNS; OLD-GROWTH; STAND; PINE; COMPETITION; DISPERSION; USA AB Understanding tree interactions requires an insight into their spatial distribution. We looked for presence and extent of tree intraspecific spatial point pattern (random, aggregated, or overdispersed) and interspecific spatial point pattern (independent, aggregated, or segregated). We established twelve 0.64-ha plots in natural bottomland hardwood stands in the southeastern USA. Spatial point pattern analyses (Ripley's K, L, and L (12)) indicated that, when species were combined, trees were frequently aggregated and less commonly overdispersed. Plots with larger trees were more likely to exhibit overdispersion, confirming a shift to this pattern as trees grow. The intraspecific pattern of cherrybark oak and water oak was either aggregated or random. Sweetgum was aggregated on all plots and always at smaller distances (less than 5 m) than the two oak species. Intraspecific overdispersion was very rare. Interspecific segregation among the two oak species was more commonly observed (six plots) than aggregation (one plot). Cherrybark oak and sweetgum were segregated at some scale on seven of the 12 plots and aggregated on only two plots. The results from the analyses suggest that strong interspecific competition may result in segregation of trees from different species, while weaker intraspecific competition may lead to aggregations of conspecifics. C1 [Dimov, Luben D.; Chambers, Jim L.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Dimov, Luben D.; Chambers, Jim L.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lockhart, Brian Roy] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Dimov, L (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Forestry Ecol & Wildlife Program, ARC Bldg Rm 101, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM Luben.Dimov@aamu.edu FU McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act FX Partial funding for this project was provided by the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act. In-kind support was provided by Mississippi State University, Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge, Willamette Industries Inc., Resource Management Service Inc., the Department of Forestry at Mississippi State University, and the Thistlethwaite Family. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 EI 1297-966X J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 70 IS 8 BP 813 EP 823 DI 10.1007/s13595-013-0322-8 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 247EJ UT WOS:000326598000006 ER PT J AU Valenzuela, C Olivares, M Brito, A Hamilton-West, C Pizarro, F AF Valenzuela, Carolina Olivares, Manuel Brito, Alex Hamilton-West, Christopher Pizarro, Fernando TI Is a 40 % Absorption of Iron from a Ferrous Ascorbate Reference Dose Appropriate to Assess Iron Absorption Independent of Iron Status? SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Iron absorption; Reference dose; Ferrous ascorbate; Ferritin; Iron deficiency; Micronutrients ID BIOAVAILABILITY; CHILDREN; WOMEN; ACID AB Although a 40 % absorption of a standard reference dose corresponds to iron (Fe) absorption in borderline Fe-deficient subjects, this percentage is currently applied to all subjects independent of Fe status: (a) to assess the use of the 40 % of Fe absorption of the reference dose (FeRD%) for subjects with iron-depleted stores (IDS), normal Fe status (NIS), Fe deficiency without anemia (IDWA), and Fe deficiency anemia (IDA) and (b) to explore relationships between Fe status biomarkers and FeRD%. Six hundred forty-six participants (582 women and 64 men) were selected from multiple Fe bioavailability studies and classified into four groups based on Fe status: NIS, IDS, IDWA, and IDA. All men were classified as normal. The absorption from FeRD% was calculated in each group and correlated with Fe status biomarkers. (a) Women with IDS absorbed 40 (18.9-84.7) % of the reference dose; (b) for male subjects with NIS, the absorption of the reference dose was 19 (9.8-36.1) %, while for females, absorption was observed as to be 34 (16.7-68.6)%. In the case of subjects with IDWA, a 43 (19.7-92.5) % absorption was observed, while subjects with IDA demonstrated 67 (45.2-98.6) % absorption. Serum ferritin (SF) had the strongest inverse correlation with FeRD% (r = -0.41, p < 0.001). A transferrin saturation (TS) < 15 % increases the probability that the FeRD% will be highly elevated (OR, 5.05; 95 % CI, 2.73, 9.31; p < 0.001). A 40 % absorption as reference dose is only appropriate to assess Fe absorption in subjects with IDS and IDWA. SF had an inverse correlation with FeRD%, and TS increases the probability that the FeRD% will be elevated by over fivefold. C1 [Valenzuela, Carolina; Hamilton-West, Christopher] Univ Chile, Fac Vet & Anim Sci, Santiago, Chile. [Olivares, Manuel; Brito, Alex; Pizarro, Fernando] Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Food Technol INTA, Micronutrients Lab, Santiago 13811, Chile. [Brito, Alex] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Pizarro, F (reprint author), Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Food Technol INTA, Micronutrients Lab, Avda El Libano 5524,Casilla, Santiago 13811, Chile. EM fpizarro@inta.cl RI Hamilton-West, Christopher/M-4873-2013; Pizarro, Fernando/K-5266-2012; Brito, Alex/I-2858-2013 OI Hamilton-West, Christopher/0000-0002-5609-2237; Pizarro, Fernando/0000-0001-6088-1119; Brito, Alex/0000-0002-6212-8814 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 EI 1559-0720 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 155 IS 3 BP 322 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s12011-013-9797-2 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 244MY UT WOS:000326394500002 PM 23979964 ER PT J AU Miller, PJ Afonso, CL El Attrache, J Dorsey, KM Courtney, SC Guo, ZJ Kapczynski, DR AF Miller, Patti J. Afonso, Claudio L. El Attrache, John Dorsey, Kristi M. Courtney, Sean C. Guo, Zijing Kapczynski, Darrell R. TI Effects of Newcastle disease virus vaccine antibodies on the shedding and transmission of challenge viruses SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease virus; NDV; Humoral immunity; Vaccines; Transmission; Antigenicity ID HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE GENE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; FOWLPOX VIRUS; CHICKENS; RECOMBINANT; GENOTYPE; PATHOGENICITY; GENERATION; DIVERSITY; OUTBREAKS AB Different genotypes of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 virus (APMV-1) circulate in many parts of the world. Traditionally, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is recognized as having two major divisions represented by classes I and II, with class II being further divided into sixteen genotypes. Although all NDV are members of APMV-1 and are of one serotype, antigenic and genetic diversity is observed between the different genotypes. Reports of vaccine failure from many countries and reports by our lab on the reduced ability of classical vaccines to significantly decrease viral replication and shedding have created renewed interest in developing vaccines formulated with genotypes homologous to the virulent NDV (vNDV) circulating in the field. We assessed how the amount and specificity of humoral antibodies induced by inactivated vaccines affected viral replication, clinical protection and evaluated how non-homologous (heterologous) antibody levels induced by live NDV vaccines relate to transmission of vNDV. In an experimental setting, all inactivated NDV vaccines protected birds from morbidity and mortality, but higher and more specific levels of antibodies were required to significantly decrease viral replication. It was possible to significantly decrease viral replication and shedding with high levels of antibodies and those levels could be more easily reached with vaccines formulated with NDV of the same genotype as the challenge viruses. However, when the levels of heterologous antibodies were sufficiently high, it was possible to prevent transmission. As the level of humoral antibodies increase in vaccinated birds, the number of infected birds and the amount of vNDV shed decreased. Thus, in an experimental setting the effective levels of humoral antibodies could be increased by (I) increasing the homology of the vaccine to the challenge virus, or (2) allowing optimal time for the development of the immune response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Miller, Patti J.; Afonso, Claudio L.; Courtney, Sean C.; Kapczynski, Darrell R.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Exot & Emerging Avian Dis Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [El Attrache, John; Dorsey, Kristi M.] CEVA Anim Hlth, Lenexa, KS USA. [Guo, Zijing] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA USA. RP Miller, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Exot & Emerging Avian Dis Res Unit, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM patti.miller@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS Projects [6612-32000-064-00D, 6612-32000-062-00D]; CEVA Biomune [193-6612-050] FX The authors would like to thank Tim Olivier, Dawn Williams-Copland and Roger Brock for their assistance with these studies. This research was supported by USDA CRIS Projects 6612-32000-064-00D and 6612-32000-062-00D, and a trust agreement with CEVA Biomune 193-6612-050. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X EI 1879-0089 J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 41 IS 4 BP 505 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2013.06.007 PG 9 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 242RA UT WOS:000326258500006 PM 23796788 ER PT J AU Lin, LM Li, RH Bateman, M Mock, R Kinard, G AF Lin, Liming Li, Ruhui Bateman, Margarita Mock, Raymond Kinard, Gary TI Development of a multiplex TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Asian prunus viruses, plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus, and peach latent mosaic viroid SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Multiplex TaqMan real-time RT-PCR; APV; PBNSPaV; PLMVd ID STONE FRUIT-TREES; 1ST REPORT AB Asian prunus viruses (APV 1, APV 2 and APV 3), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV) and Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) are pathogens that infect Prunus species. A single-tube multiplex, TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection and identification of these pathogens. The protocol includes amplification and detection of a fluorogenic cytochrome oxidase gene (COX) as an internal control. The results of the multiplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay correlated with those from conventional RT-PCR, with a 10-fold increase in sensitivity in the multiplex real-time format. The efficiency and accuracy of the assay was evaluated by testing stone fruit trees from positive control collections and several orchard locations. Several mixed infections of target pathogens were detected in peach orchard samples. This assay is simple, rapid and cost-effective and can be used by quarantine and certification programs where numerous stone fruit trees need to be tested for these pathogens. C1 [Lin, Liming; Li, Ruhui; Mock, Raymond; Kinard, Gary] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bateman, Margarita] USDA APHIS PPQ PHP, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kinard, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary.kinard@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 EI 1573-8469 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 137 IS 4 BP 797 EP 804 DI 10.1007/s10658-013-0289-1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 245HR UT WOS:000326454700014 ER PT J AU Espeland, MA Katula, JA Rushing, J Kramer, AF Jennings, JM Sink, KM Nadkarni, NK Reid, KF Castro, CM Church, T Kerwin, DR Williamson, JD Marottoli, RA Rushing, S Marsiske, M Rapp, SR AF Espeland, Mark A. Katula, Jeffrey A. Rushing, Julia Kramer, Arthur F. Jennings, Janine M. Sink, Kaycee M. Nadkarni, Neelesh K. Reid, Kieran F. Castro, Cynthia M. Church, Timothy Kerwin, Diana R. Williamson, Jeff D. Marottoli, Richard A. Rushing, Scott Marsiske, Michael Rapp, Stephen R. CA LIFE Study Grp TI Performance of a computer-based assessment of cognitive function measures in two cohorts of seniors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE cognitive function; clinical trial; performance measures ID LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; PILOT SHARP-P; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; OLDER-PEOPLE; PAPER TASKS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BATTERY; MEMORY; INTERVENTIONS AB BackgroundComputer-administered assessment of cognitive function is being increasingly incorporated in clinical trials; however, its performance in these settings has not been systematically evaluated. DesignThe Seniors Health and Activity Research Program pilot trial (N=73) developed a computer-based tool for assessing memory performance and executive functioning. The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders investigators incorporated this battery in a full-scale multicenter clinical trial (N=1635). We describe relationships that test scores have with those from interviewer-administered cognitive function tests and risk factors for cognitive deficits and describe performance measures (completeness, intraclass correlations [ICC]). ResultsComputer-based assessments of cognitive function had consistent relationships across the pilot and full-scale trial cohorts with interviewer-administered assessments of cognitive function, age, and a measure of physical function. In the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders cohort, their external validity was further demonstrated by associations with other risk factors for cognitive dysfunction: education, hypertension, diabetes, and physical function. Acceptable levels of data completeness (>83%) were achieved on all computer-based measures; however, rates of missing data were higher among older participants (odds ratio=1.06 for each additional year; p<0.001) and those who reported no current computer use (odds ratio=2.71; p<0.001). ICCs among clinics were at least as low (ICC <0.013) as for interviewer measures (ICC<0.023), reflecting good standardization. All cognitive measures loaded onto the first principal component (global cognitive function), which accounted for 40% of the overall variance. ConclusionOur results support the use of computer-based tools for assessing cognitive function in multicenter clinical trials of older individuals. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Espeland, Mark A.; Rushing, Julia; Rushing, Scott] Wake Forest Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27106 USA. [Katula, Jeffrey A.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Kramer, Arthur F.] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL USA. [Jennings, Janine M.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Psychol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Sink, Kaycee M.; Williamson, Jeff D.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Nadkarni, Neelesh K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Div Geriatr Med & Gerontol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Reid, Kieran F.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Castro, Cynthia M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Church, Timothy] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Kerwin, Diana R.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Gen Internal Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Kerwin, Diana R.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Geriatr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Marottoli, Richard A.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Marottoli, Richard A.] VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, West Haven, CT USA. [Marsiske, Michael] Univ Florida, Dept Clin & Hlth Psychol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Rapp, Stephen R.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Espeland, MA (reprint author), Wake Forest Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27106 USA. EM mespelan@wakehealth.edu RI Buford, Thomas /B-1111-2011; OI Buford, Thomas /0000-0002-9541-4358; Marsiske, Michael/0000-0001-5973-2116 FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging Cooperative Agreement [UO1 AG22376]; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [3U01AG022376-05A2S]; National Institute on Aging, NIH FX The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study is funded by a National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging Cooperative Agreement (#UO1 AG22376), a supplement from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (3U01AG022376-05A2S), and sponsored in part by the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6230 EI 1099-1166 J9 INT J GERIATR PSYCH JI Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1239 EP 1250 DI 10.1002/gps.3949 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 245MC UT WOS:000326466800004 PM 23589390 ER PT J AU Peatman, E Li, C Peterson, BC Straus, DL Farmer, BD Beck, BH AF Peatman, Eric Li, Chao Peterson, Brian C. Straus, David L. Farmer, Bradley D. Beck, Benjamin H. TI Basal polarization of the mucosal compartment in Flavobacterium columnare susceptible and resistant channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fish; Mucosal Immunity; Mucin; Lysozyme; Catfish; Mucus; Columnaris ID MUCIN GENE-EXPRESSION; AMEBIC GILL DISEASE; HOST-DEFENSE MECHANISMS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; SALMO-SALAR L.; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; ATLANTIC SALMON; RETINOIC ACID; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS AB The freshwater bacterial pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare, infects a variety of ornamental and farmed fish species worldwide through mucosal attachment points on the gill and skin. While previous studies have demonstrated a chemotactic response of F. columnare to fish mucus, little is known about how host gill mucosal molecular and cellular constituents may impact rates of adhesion, tissue invasion, and ultimately, mortality. Here, we describe the use of RNA-seq to profile gill expression differences between channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) differing in their susceptibility to F. columnare both basally (before infection) and at three early timepoints post-infection (1 h, 2 h, and 8 h). After sequencing and de novo assembly of over 350 million 100 base-pair transcript reads, between group comparisons revealed 1714 unique genes differentially expressed greater than 1.5-fold at one or more timepoints. In the large dataset, we focused our analysis on basal differential expression between resistant and susceptible catfish as these genes could potentially reveal genetic and/or environmental factors linked with differential rates of infection. A number of critical innate immune components including iNOS2b, lysozyme C, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were constitutively higher in resistant catfish gill, while susceptible fish showed high expression levels of secreted mucin forms, a rhamnose-binding lectin previously linked to susceptibility, and mucosal immune factors such as CD103 and IL-17. Taken together, the immune and mucin profiles obtained by RNA-seq suggest a basal polarization in the gill mucosa, with susceptible fish possessing a putative mucosecretory, toleragenic phenotype which may predispose them to F. columnare infection. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peatman, Eric; Li, Chao] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Peterson, Brian C.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. [Straus, David L.; Farmer, Bradley D.; Beck, Benjamin H.] ARS, USDA, Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Peatman, E (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM peatmer@auburn.edu FU Alabama Agriculture Experiment Station Hatch award; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX This project was supported by an Alabama Agriculture Experiment Station Hatch award to E. Peatman. C. Li was supported by a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 84 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 56 IS 4 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.04.014 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 241XZ UT WOS:000326203300001 PM 23895942 ER PT J AU Mao, HY Cao, MJ Maleki, SJ Cai, QF Su, WJ Yang, Y Liu, GM AF Mao, Hai-Yan Cao, Min-Jie Maleki, Soheila J. Cai, Qiu-Feng Su, Wen-Jin Yang, Yang Liu, Guang-Ming TI Structural characterization and IgE epitope analysis of arginine kinase from Scylla paramamosain SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Shellfish allergy; Arginine kinase; IgE epitope; Synthesized peptides; Protein homology modeling; Gene expression ID SHRIMP LITOPENAEUS-VANNAMEI; IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ALLERGENIC PROTEINS; SHELLFISH ALLERGY; PAN-ALLERGEN; IDENTIFICATION; RECOGNITION; PURIFICATION; REACTIVITY; CLONING AB Arginine kinase (AK) is reported to be the pan-allergen of shellfish. However, there is limited information on its IgE epitopes and structural characteristics. In this study, AK from Scylla paramamosain was purified and characterized. The purified AK is a glycoprotein with the molecular weight of 40 kDa and it demonstrates cross-reactivity with the related allergens present in other shellfish. The cDNA of S. paramamosain AK was cloned, which encodes 357 amino acid residues. Nine linear epitopes and seven conformational epitopes were predicted following bioinformatics analysis. In addition, the entire recombinant AK (rAK) and three partial recombinant AKs (rAK1, rAK2, and rAK3) were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The proteins of rAK1, rAK2 and rAK have strong IgE reactivity with the pooled sera from crab allergic patients, while rAK3 has significantly weaker IgE reactivity, which indicates that the IgE epitopes of AK are mainly distributed in the regions of rAK1 and rAK2. Furthermore, three experimental linear epitopes (epitope 1: AA 127-141, epitope 2: AA 141-155, and epitope 3: AA 211-225) were discovered in the region of rAK1 and rAK2 using synthetized overlapping peptides. The experimental linear epitopes were mapped onto the protein homology model of AK. Meanwhile, in the IgE-binding assays of the sera from nine crab allergic patients, only three sera reacted with the denatured, linear AK as shown by Western-blotting, eight sera reacted with the native, folded AK by both dot-blotting and ELISA, which indicates that the conformational IgE epitopes of S. paramamosain AK may be more predominant. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mao, Hai-Yan; Cao, Min-Jie; Cai, Qiu-Feng; Su, Wen-Jin; Yang, Yang; Liu, Guang-Ming] Jimei Univ, Coll Biol Engn, Key Lab Sci & Technol Aquaculture & Food Safety, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Maleki, Soheila J.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Liu, GM (reprint author), Jimei Univ, Coll Biol Engn, Key Lab Sci & Technol Aquaculture & Food Safety, 43 Yindou Rd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM gmliu@jmu.edu.cn FU National Natural Scientific Foundation of China [31171660]; Natural Scientific Foundation of Fujian Province [2010J06012]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University [NCETFJ-2007]; Foundation for Innovative Research Team of Jimei University [2010A005] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (31171660), the Natural Scientific Foundation of Fujian Province (2010J06012), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University (NCETFJ-2007), the Foundation for Innovative Research Team of Jimei University (2010A005). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 56 IS 4 BP 463 EP 470 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.04.016 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 241XZ UT WOS:000326203300017 PM 23911402 ER PT J AU Camargo, ER Senseman, SA Haney, RL Guice, JB McCauley, GN AF Camargo, Edinalvo R. Senseman, Scott A. Haney, Richard L. Guice, John B. McCauley, Garry N. TI Soil residue analysis and degradation of saflufenacil as affected by moisture content and soil characteristics SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE accelerated solvent extraction; field capacity; flooded; half-life; Sharpen (R) ID ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; HORSEWEED CONYZA-CANADENSIS; RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; NO-TILL COTTON; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; VULGARE L.; FLUOMETURON; RESPIRATION; CLOMAZONE; FOODS AB BackgroundSaflufenacil dissipation in soils under different moisture conditions is not available in the scientific literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate saflufenacil degradation and persistence in soils from rice regions under field capacity (non-flooded) and saturated (flooded) conditions. ResultsThe accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) residue analytical method developed to conduct the study resulted in recovery greater than 80% for the combinations of soils and moisture conditions. Saflufenacil degradation was faster at field capacity for all soils, except for Morey soil. Herbicide half-life was 28.6, 15.0 and 23.1 days under field capacity treatments and 58.8, 36.9 and 79.7 under saturated conditions for Nada, Crowley and Gilbert soils respectively. A half-life no longer than 80 days was observed for the combination of soils and moisture treatments. ConclusionAn ASE method was developed and used to extract saflufenacil from soil samples. Half-life averaged among soils was 59 and 33 days for saturated and field capacity respectively. Saflufenacil persistence in the environment was 2-3 times longer under flooded conditions for most of the soils studied. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Camargo, Edinalvo R.; Senseman, Scott A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Camargo, Edinalvo R.] Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif & Tecnol, CNPq, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Haney, Richard L.] ARS, USDA, Temple, TX USA. [Guice, John B.] BASF Corp, Winnsboro, LA USA. [McCauley, Garry N.] David Wintermann Rice Res Ctr, Texas AgriLife Res, Eagle Lake, TX USA. RP Camargo, ER (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Heep Ctr, 370 Olsen Blvd, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM edinalvo_camargo@yahoo.com.br RI Camargo, Edinalvo/I-6650-2013; FAPESP, CDMF/J-3591-2015 FU CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil; BASF FX The authors thank the CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil, for the scholarship awarded to the first author, and BASF for funding this research. They would also like to acknowledge Dr Katherine Carson and Catarine Markus for their assistance in conducting the experiments. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1291 EP 1297 DI 10.1002/ps.3494 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 244OO UT WOS:000326399100001 PM 23908059 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Saona, CR Wise, JC Polk, D Leskey, TC Vandervoort, C AF Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar R. Wise, John C. Polk, Dean Leskey, Tracy C. Vandervoort, Christine TI Lethality of reduced-risk insecticides against plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in blueberries, with emphasis on their curative activity SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium corymbosum; larvicidal; ovicidal; adulticidal; residue profile; novaluron; neonicotinoid; organophosphate ID CHITIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR; CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; GROWTH-REGULATOR; EGG HATCH; NOVALURON; OXADIAZINE; MANAGEMENT; INSECTS; APPLES AB BACKGROUNDHistorically, management of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), in highbush blueberries has focused on post-bloom broad-spectrum insecticide applications targeting the adults. Here, the efficacy of different classes of insecticides against various stages of C. nenuphar was compared, and a prebloom treatment with the chitin synthesis inhibitor novaluron in combination with a post-bloom insecticide application was tested. RESULTSNovaluron decreased the number of oviposition scars and eggs on fruit and reduced larval emergence by >60% when applied prebloom. Post-bloom applications of the oxadiazine indoxacarb and the organophosphate phosmet, but not the neonicotinoid acetamiprid, showed significant adulticidal activity. The neonicotinoids acetamiprid and thiamethoxam and phosmet showed significant curative activity on C. nenuphar larvae when applied topically to infested fruit, whereas the pyrethroid fenpropathrin, indoxacarb and novaluron were weaker curative agents. Residue profiles showed that acetamiprid and phosmet residues had the highest levels while fenpropathrin and novaluron had the lowest levels of fruit penetration. CONCLUSIONSIn blueberries, novaluron showed anti-ovipositional/ovicidal activity, indoxacarb and phosmet showed adulticidal activity, while the neonicotinoids and phosmet showed best curative (larvicidal) control on C. nenuphar. A prebloom novaluron application in combination with a post-bloom treatment with an adulticidal/larvicidal insecticide is recommended for optimal multi-life-stage management of C. nenuphar. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar R.; Polk, Dean] Rutgers State Univ, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Exten, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Wise, John C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Leskey, Tracy C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Vandervoort, Christine] Michigan State Univ, MSU Pesticide Analyt Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Rodriguez-Saona, CR (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Exten, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM crodriguez@aesop.rutgers.edu FU USDA NIFA [2010-34155-21149]; New Jersey Blueberry and Cranberry Research Council, Inc.; hatch funds; corporate agribusinesses Chemtura USA Corporation; United Phosphorus Inc.; DuPont Crop Protection FX The authors thank Robert Holdcraft, Faruque Uz Zaman and Vera Kyryczenko-Roth for assistance in the field and laboratory, and three anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. They also thank Macrie Brothers Blueberry Farm, Atlantic Blueberry Co., Variety Farms and Big Buck Farms for providing field sites. This project was funded by a USDA NIFA Special Grant ("Blueberry and Cranberry Disease, Breeding and Insect Management', No. 2010-34155-21149), the New Jersey Blueberry and Cranberry Research Council, Inc., and hatch funds to Rodriguez-Saona CR, and by the corporate agribusinesses Chemtura USA Corporation, United Phosphorus Inc. and DuPont Crop Protection. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1334 EP 1345 DI 10.1002/ps.3509 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 244OO UT WOS:000326399100006 PM 23564724 ER PT J AU Fonseca, DM Unlu, I Crepeau, T Farajollahi, A Healy, SP Bartlett-Healy, K Strickman, D Gaugler, R Hamilton, G Kline, D Clark, GG AF Fonseca, Dina M. Unlu, Isik Crepeau, Taryn Farajollahi, Ary Healy, Sean P. Bartlett-Healy, Kristen Strickman, Daniel Gaugler, Randy Hamilton, George Kline, Daniel Clark, Gary G. TI Area-wide management of Aedes albopictus. Part 2: Gauging the efficacy of traditional integrated pest control measures against urban container mosquitoes SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE integrated mosquito management; BG-Sentinel traps; ovitraps; door-to-door source reduction; education; larvicides; adulticides; New Jersey ID ASIAN TIGER MOSQUITO; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS; SUBURBAN NEIGHBORHOODS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; PIEDMONT COMMUNITY; JAPONICUS DIPTERA; SOURCE REDUCTION; BREEDING SITES AB BackgroundAedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) is an important disease vector and biting nuisance. During the 2009 active season, six approximate to 1000-parcel sites were studied, three in urban and three in suburban areas of New Jersey, United States, to examine the efficacy of standard integrated urban mosquito control strategies applied area wide. Active source reduction, larviciding, adulticiding and public education (source reduction through education) were implemented in one site in each county, an education-only approach was developed in a second site and a third site was used as an untreated experimental control. Populations were surveyed weekly with BG-Sentinel traps and ovitraps. ResultsA substantial reduction in Ae. albopictus populations was achieved in urban sites, but only modest reductions in suburban sites. Education alone achieved significant reductions in urban adult Ae. albopictus. Egg catches echoed adult catches only in suburban sites. ConclusionsThere are significant socioeconomic and climatic differences between urban and suburban sites that impact upon Ae. albopictus populations and the efficacy of the control methods tested. An integrated pest management approach can affect abundances, but labor-intensive, costly source reduction was not enough to maintain Ae. albopictus counts below a nuisance threshold. Nighttime adult population suppression using truck-mounted adulticides can be effective. Area-wide cost-effective strategies are necessary. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA C1 [Fonseca, Dina M.; Unlu, Isik; Bartlett-Healy, Kristen; Gaugler, Randy; Hamilton, George] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Unlu, Isik; Farajollahi, Ary] Mercer Cty Mosquito Control, West Trenton, NJ USA. [Crepeau, Taryn; Healy, Sean P.] Monmouth Cty Mosquito Exterminat Commiss, Eatontown, NJ USA. [Strickman, Daniel] USDA ARS, Off Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD USA. [Kline, Daniel; Clark, Gary G.] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Fonseca, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, 180 Jones Ave, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM dinafons@rci.rutgers.edu RI Gaugler, Randy/K-3898-2013; OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 FU USDA-ARS [USDA-ARS-58-6615-8-105]; Rutgers University [USDA-ARS-58-6615-8-105] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Roger Nasci, Dawn Wesson, George O'Meara and Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez for detailed scientific discussion. They appreciate the assistance in the lab and in the field of Jane McGivern and Anthony Herold, many students and postdocs from the Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, and vector control personnel from Mercer and Monmouth counties. This work was funded by Cooperative Agreement USDA-ARS-58-6615-8-105 between USDA-ARS and Rutgers University (PI: GGC; PI at Rutgers: DMF). This is publication D-08-08194-02-12 from the NJ Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 66 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1351 EP 1361 DI 10.1002/ps.3511 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 244OO UT WOS:000326399100008 PM 23649950 ER PT J AU Ali, A Murphy, CC Demirci, B Wedge, DE Sampson, BJ Khan, IA Baser, KHC Tabanca, N AF Ali, Abbas Murphy, Christine C. Demirci, Betul Wedge, David E. Sampson, Blair J. Khan, Ikhlas A. Baser, K. Husnu Can Tabanca, Nurhayat TI Insecticidal and biting deterrent activity of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.) essential oils and individual compounds against Stephanitis pyrioides and Aedes aegypti SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rose-scented geranium; citronellol; geranic acid; geraniol; nerolidol; Stephanitis pyrioides; Aedes aegypti ID IDENTIFICATION; LEMONGRASS; CULTIVARS AB BackgroundRose-scented geranium, Pelargonium spp., essential oils from the cultivars Bourbon', China', Egypt', Rober's Lemon Rose' and Frensham' were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 136 compounds were identified from five essential oils, constituting 85.5-99.7% of the oils. Essential oils and pure compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Stephanitis pyrioides and larvicidal and biting deterrent activity against Aedes aegypti. ResultsAll five geranium oils were toxic to S. pyrioides, and four of these five were more potent than malathion and neem. Trans-nerolidol (LD50 = 13.4ppm) was the most toxic compound against one-day-old Ae. aegypti larvae, followed by geraniol (49.3ppm), citronellol (49.9ppm) and geranyl formate (58.5ppm). Essential oil of cultivar Egypt' at 100g cm(-2) [biting deterrent index (BDI)=0.8] showed the highest biting deterrent activity, followed by cultivars Frensham' (BDI = 0.76), China' (BDI = 0.72), Rober's Lemon Rose' (BDI = 0.63) and Bourbon' (BDI = 0.45) essential oils. Among the pure compounds, the biting deterrent activity of geranic acid (BDI = 0.99) was not significantly different from that of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). ConclusionEssential oils and pure compounds showed insecticidal activity against S. pyrioides and Ae. aegypti. The high biting deterrent activity of geranic acid points to the need for further research. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Ali, Abbas; Khan, Ikhlas A.; Tabanca, Nurhayat] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Murphy, Christine C.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Demirci, Betul; Baser, K. Husnu Can] Anadolu Univ, Dept Pharmacognosy, Fac Pharm, Eskisehir, Turkey. [Wedge, David E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. [Sampson, Blair J.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Southern Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS USA. [Khan, Ikhlas A.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Khan, Ikhlas A.] King Saud Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Baser, K. Husnu Can] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. RP Ali, A (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM aali@olemiss.edu RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Baser, Kemal Husnu Can/0000-0003-2710-0231 FU USDA/ARS [56-6402-1-612]; Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program; US Department of Defense, through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB); Department of Entomology, Soils and Plant Sciences at Clemson University FX This study was supported in part by USDA/ARS grant No. 56-6402-1-612 and a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, the US Department of Defense, through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). Thanks to Dr David Bradshaw for providing space in the Heirloom Garden, and to Dr Melissa Riley for help. Thanks also to the Department of Entomology, Soils and Plant Sciences at Clemson University for their support of this research. The authors are grateful to Dr James J Becnel, Mosquito and Fly Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, Florida, for supplying Ae. aegypti eggs. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1385 EP 1392 DI 10.1002/ps.3518 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 244OO UT WOS:000326399100012 PM 23423995 ER PT J AU Mehl, HL Cotty, PJ AF Mehl, H. L. Cotty, P. J. TI Influence of plant host species on intraspecific competition during infection by Aspergillus flavus SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; cottonseed; intraspecific competition; maize ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; SECTION FLAVI; UNITED-STATES; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; SCLEROTIA PRODUCTION; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; GENETIC DIVERSITY; COTTON; MAIZE; POPULATION AB Compositions of Aspergillus flavus populations determine the extent to which crops become contaminated with aflatoxins. In the current study, influences of diverse crop hosts on competition among A.flavus isolates were quantified with pyrosequencing. Maize, cotton, soyabean and sorghum supported different levels of sporulation, but intraspecific differences in sporulation were not detected on any host. However, hosts differentially influenced competition during infection, allowing greater sporulation by some isolates and increased host tissue invasion by others. Furthermore, competitive interactions during host invasion did not predict isolate success during sporulation. Isolates were similarly competitive on maize and sorghum, the two most closely related hosts. Host-specific influences on intraspecific competition may dictate compositions of A.flavus populations and, as a result, the severity of aflatoxin contamination. Host factors should be considered when designing and implementing aflatoxin management strategies including biocontrol with atoxigenic strains. C1 [Mehl, H. L.; Cotty, P. J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Cotty, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM pjcotty@email.arizona.edu OI Mehl, Hillary/0000-0001-8570-3562 FU Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture CRIS [5347-42000-019-00D] FX We thank all the members of our lab, especially J. Tran and L. Price, for technical assistance. We thank Pioneer, Iowa State University, Sorghum Partners, Paul 'Paco' Ollerton and Stoneville Pedigree Seed Company for providing the seeds used in this study. This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture CRIS project 5347-42000-019-00D. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-0862 EI 1365-3059 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1310 EP 1318 DI 10.1111/ppa.12038 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 246PI UT WOS:000326551200012 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B Miller, MG Chu, YF Lyle, BJ Joseph, JA AF Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Miller, Marshall G. Chu, Yi-Fang Lyle, Barbara J. Joseph, James A. TI Coffee, but not caffeine, has positive effects on cognition and psychomotor behavior in aging SO AGE LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant; Anti-inflammatory; Spatial learning and memory; Chlorogenic acid ID AGE-RELATED DEFICITS; AMYLOID-BETA LEVELS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; BLUEBERRY SUPPLEMENTATION; RECOGNITION MEMORY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; WATER-MAZE; BRAIN; MICE AB The complex mixture of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables provides protective health benefits, mainly through additive and/or synergistic effects. The presence of several bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and caffeine, implicates coffee as a potential nutritional therapeutic in aging. Moderate (three to five cups a day) coffee consumption in humans is associated with a significant decrease in the risk of developing certain chronic diseases. However, the ability of coffee supplementation to improve cognitive function in aged individuals and the effect of the individual components in coffee, such as caffeine, have not been fully evaluated. We fed aged rats (19 months) one of five coffee-supplemented diets (0, 0.165, 0.275, 0.55, and 0.825 % of the diet) for 8 weeks prior to motor and cognitive behavior assessment. Aged rats supplemented with a 0.55 % coffee diet, equivalent to ten cups of coffee, performed better in psychomotor testing (rotarod) and in a working memory task (Morris water maze) compared to aged rats fed a control diet. A diet with 0.55 % coffee appeared to be optimal. The 0.165 % coffee-supplemented group (three cups) showed some improvement in reference memory performance in the Morris water maze. In a subsequent study, the effects of caffeine alone did not account for the performance improvements, showing that the neuroprotective benefits of coffee are not due to caffeine alone, but rather to other bioactive compounds in coffee. Therefore, coffee, in achievable amounts, may reduce both motor and cognitive deficits in aging. C1 [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Miller, Marshall G.; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Miller, Marshall G.] Tufts Univ, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Chu, Yi-Fang; Lyle, Barbara J.] Kraft Foods Global Brands LLC, Northfield, IL USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM barbara.shukitthale@ars.usda.gov RI Chu, Yi-Fang/E-8242-2011 OI Chu, Yi-Fang/0000-0003-3136-3368 FU Kraft Foods, Inc. FX This study was supported in part by Kraft Foods, Inc. The United States Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 162 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 EI 1574-4647 J9 AGE JI Age PD DEC PY 2013 VL 35 IS 6 BP 2183 EP 2192 DI 10.1007/s11357-012-9509-4 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 240MK UT WOS:000326100600013 PM 23344884 ER PT J AU Inglett, GE Chen, DJ Xu, JY Lee, S AF Inglett, George. E. Chen, Diejun Xu, Jingyuan Lee, Suyong TI Pasting and rheological properties of chia composites containing barley flour SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barley; -glucan; chia; omega-3; pasting properties; polyunsaturated fatty acids; rheological properties ID GLUCAN-RICH HYDROCOLLOIDS; SALVIA-HISPANICA L.; DIETARY-FIBER; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OAT BRAN; OIL; SEEDS; CHOLESTEROL; TEXTURE; SYSTEMS AB The unique chia-barley composites contain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs) from chia and high -glucan content from barley that are well known for lowering blood cholesterol and preventing coronary heart disease. The pasting and rheological properties of chia and barley composites were characterised using Rapid Visco Analyser followed by an advanced rheometer. Shear-thinning properties were observed for all the composites. The pasting and rheological properties of the products were not greatly influenced by 10% or 20% ground chia replacements but showed differences at the 50% replacement level. The results suggested that the elastic properties of chia-barley composites 1:1 with chia were improved by the chia component. Also, the chia-barley composites gave improved water-holding capacities, particularly at the 50% level. Whole chia seeds are not easily utilised because of their hard coat. These fine particle composites should be helpful for preparing functional food products having enhanced health benefits. C1 [Inglett, George. E.; Chen, Diejun; Xu, Jingyuan] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea. [Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Carbohydrate Bioprod Res Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM george.Inglett@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-5423 EI 1365-2621 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2564 EP 2570 DI 10.1111/ijfs.12250 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 239PK UT WOS:000326037700017 ER PT J AU Bolling, BW Chen, YY Chen, CYO AF Bolling, Bradley W. Chen, Ya-Yen Chen, C-Y. Oliver TI Contributions of phenolics and added vitamin C to the antioxidant capacity of pomegranate and grape juices: synergism and antagonism among constituents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antagonism; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; di(phenyl)-(2; 4; 6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium; grape; juice; oxygen radical absorbance capacity; polyphenol; pomegranate; synergy ID FOLIN-CIOCALTEU REAGENT; RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS; FRUIT JUICES; ANTHOCYANINS; POLYPHENOLS; ASSAY; MIXTURES; PLASMA AB The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of sugar, organic acid, neutral phenol, and anthocyanin fractions and added ascorbic acid to grape and pomegranate-nectarine juice total phenol, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) values. Neutral phenol and anthocyanin fractions contributed 75% of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) for both juices. Intrinsic synergy and antagonism among the fractionated constituents occurred inconsistently in each assay. Sugars and organic acids antagonised pomegranate juice neutral phenols and anthocyanins in the DPPH assay by 50% and the grape juice ORAC value by 21%, but were synergistic to the grape juice FRAP value. The added ascorbic acid was dose-dependently synergistic with pomegranate and grape juice total phenol, DPPH and FRAP assays, but less so in the ORAC assay. Thus, the interactions between grape and pomegranate juice constituents determine TAC and total phenol values, and synergy in these assays could not be attributed solely to polyphenols. C1 [Bolling, Bradley W.; Chen, Ya-Yen; Chen, C-Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Chen, Ya-Yen] Taipei Med Univ, Sch Nutr & Hlth Sci, Taipei 110, Taiwan. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu OI Bolling, Bradley/0000-0002-4222-2467 FU POM Wonderful, LLC; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; NIGMS [K12GM074869] FX Supported by POM Wonderful, LLC, and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. BWB was supported by NIGMS K12GM074869. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the NIH or USDA nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organisations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Parts of this study were presented at the Experimental Biology 2010 conference. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-5423 EI 1365-2621 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2650 EP 2658 DI 10.1111/ijfs.12261 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 239PK UT WOS:000326037700027 ER PT J AU Singh, SK Badgujar, GB Reddy, VR Fleisher, DH Timlin, DJ AF Singh, S. K. Badgujar, G. B. Reddy, V. R. Fleisher, D. H. Timlin, D. J. TI Effect of Phosphorus Nutrition on Growth and Physiology of Cotton Under Ambient and Elevated Carbon Dioxide SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomass partitioning; nitrogen; photosynthesis; specific leaf weight; stomatal conductance ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; POTASSIUM-DEFICIENCY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PLANT-TISSUES; DRY-MATTER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NITROGEN; WHEAT; LIMITATIONS; ENRICHMENT AB Phosphorous deficiency in soil limits crop growth and productivity in the majority of arable lands worldwide and may moderate the growth enhancement effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. To evaluate the interactive effect of these two factors on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growth and physiology, plants were grown in controlled environment growth chambers with three levels of phosphate (Pi) supply (0.20, 0.05 and 0.01mm) under ambient and elevated (400 and 800molmol(-1), respectively) CO2. Phosphate stress caused stunted growth and resulted in early leaf senescence with severely decreased leaf area and photosynthesis. Phosphate stress led to over 77% reduction in total biomass across CO2 levels. There was a below-ground (roots) shift in biomass partitioning under Pi deficiency. While tissue phosphorus (P) decreased, tissue nitrogen (N) content tended to increase under Pi deficiency. The CO(2)xPi interactions were significant on leaf area, photosynthesis and biomass accumulation. The stimulatory effect of elevated CO2 on growth and photosynthesis was reduced or highly depressed suggesting an increased sensitivity of cotton to Pi deficiency under elevated CO2. Although, tissue P and stomatal conductance were lower at elevated CO2, these did not appear to be the main causes of cotton unresponsiveness to elevated CO2 under severe Pi-stress. The alteration in the uptake and utilization of N was suggested due to a consistent reduction (18-21%) in the cotton plant tissue N content under elevated CO2. C1 [Singh, S. K.] Univ Maryland Queenstown, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD USA. [Singh, S. K.; Badgujar, G. B.; Reddy, V. R.; Fleisher, D. H.; Timlin, D. J.] USDA ARS Beltsville, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Badgujar, G. B.] Asian Inst Technol Pathumthani, Pathum Thani, Thailand. RP Singh, SK (reprint author), ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Bldg 001,Rm 342,BARC West,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shardendu.singh@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2250 EI 1439-037X J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 199 IS 6 BP 436 EP 448 DI 10.1111/jac.12033 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 239NC UT WOS:000326031400006 ER PT J AU Bucci, SJ Scholz, FG Peschiutta, ML Arias, NS Meinzer, FC Goldstein, G AF Bucci, Sandra J. Scholz, Fabian G. Peschiutta, Maria Laura Arias, Nadia S. Meinzer, Frederick C. Goldstein, Guillermo TI The stem xylem of Patagonian shrubs operates far from the point of catastrophic dysfunction and is additionally protected from drought-induced embolism by leaves and roots SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductivity; hydraulic segmentation; leaf water potential; safety margin ID LEAF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; CAVITATION RESISTANCE; STOMATAL CLOSURE; WOODY-PLANTS; WATER AVAILABILITY; SAFETY MARGINS; DOUGLAS-FIR; VULNERABILITY; TREES; SAVANNA AB Hydraulic architecture was studied in shrub species differing in rooting depth in a cold desert in Southern Argentina. All species exhibited strong hydraulic segmentation between leaves, stems and roots with leaves being the most vulnerable part of the hydraulic pathway. Two types of safety margins describing the degree of conservation of the hydraulic integrity were used: the difference between minimum stem or leaf water potential () and the at which stem or leaf hydraulic function was reduced by 50% ( - (50)), and the difference between leaf and stem (50). Leaf (50) - stem (50) increased with decreasing rooting depth. Large diurnal decreases in root-specific hydraulic conductivity suggested high root vulnerability to embolism across all species. Although stem (50) became more negative with decreasing species-specific (soil) and minimum stem , leaf (50) was independent of and minimum leaf . Species with embolism-resistant stems also had higher maximum stem hydraulic conductivity. Safety margins for stems were >2.1MPa, whereas those for leaves were negative or only slightly positive. Leaves acted as safety valves to protect the integrity of the upstream hydraulic pathway, whereas embolism in lateral roots may help to decouple portions of the plant from the impact of drier soil layers. C1 [Bucci, Sandra J.; Scholz, Fabian G.; Peschiutta, Maria Laura; Arias, Nadia S.; Goldstein, Guillermo] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, RA-1917 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Bucci, Sandra J.; Scholz, Fabian G.; Peschiutta, Maria Laura; Arias, Nadia S.] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Fac Ciencias Nat, Dept Biol, Grp Estudios Biofis & Ecofisiol GEBEF, RA-9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Ecol Func LEF, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Bucci, SJ (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, RA-1917 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM sj_bucci@unpata.edu.ar RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 FU CONICET [PIP 112-200801-01703] FX This study was supported by CONICET grant (PIP 112-200801-01703). We thank Sandin's family for permission to access the study area at La Dora Ranch and for logistic support. This work complies with Argentinian law. Authors have no conflict of interest. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2163 EP 2174 DI 10.1111/pce.12126 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 239MY UT WOS:000326031000008 PM 23639077 ER PT J AU Patel, J Singh, M Macarisin, D Sharma, M Shelton, D AF Patel, Jitendra Singh, Manpreet Macarisin, Dumitru Sharma, Manan Shelton, Daniel TI Differences in biofilm formation of produce and poultry Salmonella enterica isolates and their persistence on spinach plants SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Spinach; Persistence; Biofilm ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LETTUCE LEAVES; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; IRRIGATION WATER; LEAF SURFACE; OUTBREAK; CELLULOSE; SOIL; INTERNALIZATION; CONTAMINATION AB Spinach plants were irrigated biweekly with water containing 2.1 log CFU Salmonella/100 ml water (the maximum Escherichia coli MPN recommended by the Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement; LGMA), or 4.1 CFU Salmonella/100 ml water to determine Salmonella persistence on spinach leaves. Green Fluorescent protein expressing Salmonella were undetectable by most-probable number (MPN) at 24 h and 7 days following each irrigation event. This study indicates that Salmonella are unlikely to persist on spinach leaves when irrigation water is contaminated at a level below the LGMA standards. In a parallel study, persistence of Salmonella isolated from poultry or produce was compared following biweekly irrigation of spinach plants with water containing 6 log CFU Salmonella/100 ml. Produce Salmonella isolates formed greater biofilms on polystyrene, polycarbonate and stainless steel surfaces and persisted at significantly higher numbers on spinach leaves than those Salmonella from poultry origin during 35 days study. Poultry Salmonella isolates were undetectable (<1 log CFU/g) on spinach plants 7 days following each irrigation event when assayed by direct plating. This study indicates that Salmonella persistence on spinach leaves is affected by the source of contamination and the biofilm forming ability of the strain. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Patel, Jitendra; Macarisin, Dumitru; Sharma, Manan; Shelton, Daniel] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20707 USA. [Singh, Manpreet] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Patel, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 201, Beltsville, MD 20707 USA. EM jitu.patel@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 53 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 388 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.fm2013.06.019 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 226MF UT WOS:000325039700033 PM 24010621 ER PT J AU Jaklitsch, WM Samuels, GJ Ismaiel, A Voglmayr, H AF Jaklitsch, W. M. Samuels, G. J. Ismaiel, A. Voglmayr, H. TI Disentangling the Trichoderma viridescens complex SO PERSOONIA LA English DT Article DE acl1; Hypocrea; Hypocreaceae; phylogenetic analysis; rpb2; systematics; tef1 ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; SP-NOV; PHYLOGENY; SUBSTITUTION; CACAO; FUNGI; MODEL; SETS AB Trichoderma viridescens is recognised as a species complex. Multigene analyses based on the translation elongation factor 1-alpha encoding gene (tef1), a part of the rpb2 gene, encoding the second largest RNA polymerase subunit and the larger subunit of ATP citrate lyase (acl1) reveals 13 phylogenetic species with little or no phenotypic differentiation. This is the first use of acl1 in Trichoderma phylogenetics. The typification of T. virides-cens s. str. is clarified and Hypocrea viridescens is replaced by the new name T. paraviridescens. Besides these two species, eleven are phylogenetically recognised and T. olivascens, T. viridarium, T. virilente, T. trixiae, T. viridialbum, T. appalachiense, T. neosinense, T. composticola, T. nothescens and T. sempervirentis are formally described and illustrated. Several species produce yellow diffusing pigment on cornmeal dextrose agar, particularly after storage at 15 degrees C, while T. olivascens is characterised by the formation of an olivaceous pigment. The results are compared with earlier publications on this group of species. C1 [Jaklitsch, W. M.; Voglmayr, H.] Univ Vienna, Dept Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Fac Ctr Biodivers, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Ismaiel, A.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Jaklitsch, WM (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Dept Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Fac Ctr Biodivers, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. EM walter.jaklitsch@univie.ac.at RI Voglmayr, Hermann/B-1484-2013 OI Voglmayr, Hermann/0000-0001-7666-993X FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P22081-B17] FX We thank Begona Aguirre-Hudson, Esperanza Beltran-Tejera, Liliana Bernardo, Marco Contu, Rose Marie Dahncke, Walter Gams, Quirico Migheli, Neven Matocec, Ivana Kusan, Barbara Scherm, Olga Sukosd and Luis Quijada for excursion support; Trix Merkx and Gerard Verkley (CBS) for patience with our cultures and Anton Hausknecht for insertion of specimens into WU. James Plaskowitz, USDA-ARS, undertook the SEM work. Financial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project P22081-B17) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU RIJKSHERBARIUM PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9514, 2300 RA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-5850 J9 PERSOONIA JI Persoonia PD DEC PY 2013 VL 31 BP 112 EP 146 DI 10.3767/003158513X672234 PG 35 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 230GO UT WOS:000325325300007 PM 24761039 ER PT J AU Feng, YM Wei, XK Liao, WX Huang, LH Zhang, H Liang, SC Peng, H AF Feng, Y. M. Wei, X. K. Liao, W. X. Huang, L. H. Zhang, H. Liang, S. C. Peng, H. TI Molecular analysis of the annexin gene family in soybean SO BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE abscisic acid; cold; drought; gene expression; Glycine max; salinity ID EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS; STRESS; TOBACCO; CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; TOLERANCE; DYNAMICS; PROMOTER; SEQUENCE AB Annexins play a crucial role in plant development and response to environmental stimuli. In this study, a total of 23 annexin genes (GmANN1 - GmANN23) were identified from the soybean genome database and for two of them (GmANN11 and GmANN14), complete cDNAs were cloned. GmANN1 - GmANN23 encoded a set of predicted proteins which showed high similarity to other known annexins. Most GmANN genes contained four putative annexin repeats. Generally, a type II Ca2+-binding site is found to exist in the first and fourth repeats. GmANN1, 10, 11, 12, and 14 showed different organ-specific expression patterns. Furthermore, expression of these five GmANNs was significantly induced by drought and abscisic acid. Expression of four annexins (GmANN1, 11, 12, and 14) was induced by cold and expression of three annexins (GmANN1, 11, and 12) responded to high salinity. C1 [Feng, Y. M.; Wei, X. K.; Liao, W. X.; Zhang, H.; Liang, S. C.; Peng, H.] Guangxi Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. [Huang, L. H.] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Agr Prod Proc Inst, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Peng, H.] ARS, Food Qual Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Peng, H (reprint author), Guangxi Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. EM ph007w@yahoo.com.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31160300]; research fund of Guangxi education department [201103YB017]; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University); Ministry of Education, China [GKN1201Z004, GKN1201Z006]; Major Research plan of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi [2012GXNSFEA053001] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31160300), the research fund of Guangxi education department (201103YB017), the research funds of Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China (GKN1201Z004 and GKN1201Z006), and the Major Research plan of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi (2012GXNSFEA053001). NR 38 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3134 J9 BIOL PLANTARUM JI Biol. Plant. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 57 IS 4 BP 655 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s10535-013-0334-0 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 224IV UT WOS:000324878300008 ER PT J AU Wang, JM Li, C Zhuang, H Zhang, JH AF Wang, Jiamei Li, Can Zhuang, Hong Zhang, Jianhao TI Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria by TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous suspension SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE TiO2; Photocatalytic activity; Methylene blue; E. coli; P. aeruginosa ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; UV-IRRADIATION; E. COLI; WATER; DISINFECTION; ORANGE; DISPERSIONS; ANTIFUNGAL; INTENSITY AB The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (generic) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous suspension were studied. TiO2 resulted in significant reduction in MB absorption and a shift of MB absorption peak from 664 nm to 658 nm after a short time of irradiation. The maximum degradation of MB was observed when the concentration of TiO2 in the aqueous suspension was 0.5 g L-1. TiO2 was also very effective with inhibiting growth of both Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa, although it took more than 60 min to observe the inactivation effects. The photocatalytic inactivation toward E. coli and P. aeruginosa by TiO2 showed a similar trend with much higher effectiveness toward E. coli under the same experimental conditions. The inactivation kinetic behaviors could be explained by the modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and well fitted to a pseudo-first order kinetic equation. The reaction rate constant for E. coli and P. aeruginosa were 7.768 x 10(6) cfu mL(-1) min(-1) and 5.655 x 10(6) cfu mL(-1) min(-1), respectively. The adsorption equilibrium constant for E. coli was 1.053 x 10(-8) mL cfu(-1), while it was 1.438 x 10(-8) mL cfu(-1) for P. aeruginosa. These results further demonstrate that in an aqueous system, TiO2 nanoparticles can effectively both degrade organic compounds and inhibit Gram-negative bacteria under UVA light. Compared with the degradation activity of TiO2 toward organic compounds, its antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria would be delayed by 60 min. The antimicrobial activity of TiO2 against Gram-negative bacteria could vary with bacterial species. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Jiamei; Li, Can; Zhang, Jianhao] Nanjing Agr Univ, Natl Ctr Meat Qual & Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhuang, Hong] ARS, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Zhang, JH (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Natl Ctr Meat Qual & Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM nau_zjh@njau.edu.cn FU National Technology Support Program of China [2012BAD28B01]; Technology Support Program of Suzhou, China [ZXG2012033] FX This study was supported by the National Technology Support Program of China (Grant No. 2012BAD28B01) and the Technology Support Program of Suzhou, China (Grant No. ZXG2012033). NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 120 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD DEC PY 2013 VL 34 IS 2 BP 372 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.046 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 214RL UT WOS:000324153300018 ER PT J AU Liu, JH Miao, SN Huang, WB Turner, ER Luo, YG Li, J Wang, QZ Yan, SL AF Liu, Jihong Miao, Suna Huang, Wenbiao Turner, Ellen R. Luo, Yaguang Li, Jie Wang, Qingzhang Yan, Shoulei TI Identification of Clostridium butyricum as the bacteria causing soy sauce explosion and leakage and its control using nisin SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Clostridium butyricum; Leakage; Nisin; Soy sauce; Swelling ID BLOWN PACK SPOILAGE; PSYCHROTROPHIC CLOSTRIDIUM; MEATS; PRODUCTS; HEAT; MILK; BEEF AB The cause of leakage and explosion of bottled soy sauce was determined by isolating gas-forming bacteria from leaking soy sauce samples, and identifying them as Clostridium butyricum. This is the first report of the isolation of C. butyricum from bottled soy sauce and identification of gas production by the bacteria as the cause of swelling and leakage in soy sauce. Their gas production was further confirmed by inoculating uncontaminated soy sauce with the C. butyricum isolated from a leaking bottle of soy sauce. The source of C. butyricum contamination could be traced back to the ingredient monosodium glutamate (MSG) with C. butyricum spores. Nisin (50 mg/L) was successfully employed to prevent C. butyricum from spoilage. The incidence of leakage of bottled soy sauce was markedly reduced after 50 mg/L nisin was added. The isolation and identification work assist food industry to control the leakage of soy sauce, and the strategy utilized in this work should assist in the characterization of spoilage organisms in other food systems. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Jihong; Miao, Suna] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Sci, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Miao, Suna; Huang, Wenbiao] Foshan Haday Flavoring & Food Co Ltd, Foshan 528000, Peoples R China. [Turner, Ellen R.; Luo, Yaguang; Yan, Shoulei] USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Jie; Wang, Qingzhang; Yan, Shoulei] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. RP Yan, SL (reprint author), Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. EM yanshoulei1225@gmail.com FU Foshan Gaoming District Bureau; Fundamental Research Funds [2012ZYTS024]; Haday Flavoring and Food Co., Ltd. FX This work was conducted with the financial support of the Foshan Gaoming District Bureau, the Fundamental Research Funds (No. 2012ZYTS024) and financial support of Haday Flavoring and Food Co., Ltd. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD DEC PY 2013 VL 34 IS 2 BP 509 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.05.030 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 214RL UT WOS:000324153300037 ER PT J AU Guan, WQ Fan, XT Yan, RX AF Guan, Wenqiang Fan, Xuetong Yan, Ruixiang TI Effect of combination of ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, native microbial loads, and quality of button mushrooms SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Mushrooms; UV-C Radiation; Hydrogen peroxide; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Color ID UV-C TREATMENT; ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES; AGARICUS-BISPORUS; SHELF-LIFE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; FRESH PRODUCE; IRRADIATION; VEGETABLES; RADIATION AB Mushrooms are prone to microbial spoilage and browning during growing and processing. Ultraviolet light (254 nm, UV-C) has been used as an alternative technology to chemical sanitizersfor food products. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is classified as generally recognized as safe for use in foods as a bleaching and antimicrobial agent, and could control the bacterial blotch and browning of mushrooms. This study investigated the effects of water wash (control), 3% H2O2 wash, 0.45 kJ m(-2) UV-C, and combination of H2O2 and UV-C (H2O2 + UV) on microbial loads and product quality of mushrooms during storage for 14 days at 4 degrees C. Additionally, the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated on mushrooms was determined. Results showed that water wash, H2O2, UV-C and H2O2 + UV resulted in 0.44, 0.77, 0.85, and 0.87 logs CFU g(-1) reduction of E. coli O157:H7, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide, UV-C and the combination reduced total aerobic plate counts on the surface of mushrooms by 0.2-1.4 logs CFU g(-1) compared to the control, while there was no significant difference among the three treatments during storage. After storage, UV-C treated mushrooms had similar L* and a* values as the control while H2O2 and H2O2 + UV-C treated mushrooms had higher L* (lighter) and lower a* (less brown) values than the control. Compared to water wash, all the treatments inhibited lesion development on the mushroom surface on day 14. The combination of H2O2 and UV achieved the best overall dual control of lesion and browning. There was no significant difference in ascorbic acid and total phenolic content among the treatments. Overall our results suggested that H2O2 + UV reduced microbial loads, and extended storage life by reducing lesion development without causing deterioration in nutritional quality of button mushrooms. Therefore, when properly utilized, H2O2 + UV could potentially be used for maintaining postharvest quality while marginally reducing populations of E. coli O157:H7 and background microflora. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Guan, Wenqiang] Tianjin Univ Commerce, Coll Biotechnol & Food Sci, Tianjin Key Lab Food Biotechnol, Tianjin 300134, Peoples R China. [Fan, Xuetong] USDA, ARS, NAA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Yan, Ruixiang] Natl Engn & Technol Res Ctr Preservat Agr Prod, Tianjin Key Lab Postharvest Physiol & Storage Agr, Tianjin 300384, Peoples R China. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NAA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gwq18@163.com; Xuetong.Fan@ars.usda.gov; yrxan@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31271949] FX This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31271949). We also thank Drs. Gerald Sapers and Dike Ukuku for reviewing the manuscript and Kimberly Sokorai, Lihan Huang, Aaron Williams, Butch Scullen and Christopher H. Sommers for technical assistance and Phillips Mushroom Farms (Kennett Square, PA, USA) for providing button mushrooms. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD DEC PY 2013 VL 34 IS 2 BP 554 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.05.027 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 214RL UT WOS:000324153300043 ER PT J AU Chirici, G Scotti, R Montaghi, A Barbati, A Cartisano, R Lopez, G Marchetti, M McRoberts, RE Olsson, H Corona, P AF Chirici, G. Scotti, R. Montaghi, A. Barbati, A. Cartisano, R. Lopez, G. Marchetti, M. McRoberts, R. E. Olsson, H. Corona, P. TI Stochastic gradient boosting classification trees for forest fuel types mapping through airborne laser scanning and IRS LISS-III imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Airborne laser scanning; IRS LISS-III imagery; Forest fuel type mapping; Forest fires; Mediterranean forests; Classification and regression trees ID LIDAR DATA; FIRE BEHAVIOR; STATISTICAL-METHODS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; DATA FUSION; LAND-COVER; HEIGHT; MODELS; MANAGEMENT; DENSITY AB This paper presents an application of Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data in conjunction with an IRS LISS-III image for mapping forest fuel types. For two study areas of 165 km(2) and 487 km(2) in Sicily (Italy), 16,761 plots of size 30-m x 30-m were distributed using a tessellation-based stratified sampling scheme. ALS metrics and spectral signatures from IRS extracted for each plot were used as predictors to classify forest fuel types observed and identified by photointerpretation and fieldwork. Following use of traditional parametric methods that produced unsatisfactory results, three non-parametric classification approaches were tested: (i) classification and regression tree (CART), (ii) the CART bagging method called Random Forests, and (iii) the CART bagging/boosting stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) approach. This contribution summarizes previous experiences using ALS data for estimating forest variables useful for fire management in general and for fuel type mapping, in particular. It summarizes characteristics of classification and regression trees, presents the pre-processing operation, the classification algorithms, and the achieved results. The results demonstrated superiority of the SGB method with overall accuracy of 84%. The most relevant ALS metric was canopy cover, defined as the percent of non-ground returns. Other relevant metrics included the spectral information from IRS and several other ALS metrics such as percentiles of the height distribution, the mean height of all returns, and the number of returns. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chirici, G.; Lopez, G.; Marchetti, M.] Univ Molise, Dipartimento Biosci & Terr, I-86090 Pesche, Isernia, Italy. [Scotti, R.] Univ Sassari, Nuoro Forestry Sch, Dipartimento Agr, I-08100 Nuoro, Italy. [Montaghi, A.; Olsson, H.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Barbati, A.; Cartisano, R.; Corona, P.] Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Innovaz Nei Sistemi Biol Agroaliment, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. [McRoberts, R. E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Chirici, G (reprint author), Univ Molise, Dipartimento Biosci & Terr, Cda Fte Lappone Snc, I-86090 Pesche, Isernia, Italy. EM gherardo.chirici@unimol.it RI Chirici, Gherardo/E-6364-2010; Corona, Piermaria/G-1565-2011; BARBATI, ANNA/E-5731-2015; Scotti, Roberto/C-8081-2012; OI Chirici, Gherardo/0000-0002-0669-5726; Corona, Piermaria/0000-0002-8105-0792; BARBATI, ANNA/0000-0002-9064-0903; Scotti, Roberto/0000-0001-7394-4473; Marchetti, Marco/0000-0002-5275-5769 FU Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio of the University of Molise; EC VII FP IP ENV.1.3.1.1 [243888]; Italian Ministry of University and Research [RBFR08LM04] FX This work was carried out within the activities of the EFI Project Center MOUNTFOR, it was supported by the ITALID project of the Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio of the University of Molise. The work was also partially carried out under the project FUME "Forest fires under climate, social and economic changes in Europe, the Mediterranean and other fire-affected areas of the World" (EC VII FP IP ENV.1.3.1.1: grant agreement no. 243888), and partially under the C_FORSAT project "Modeling the carbon sink in Italian forest ecosystems using ancillary data, remote sensing data and productivity models" (national coordinator: Prof. G. Chirici), funded by the FIRB2008 program of the Italian Ministry of University and Research (grant RBFR08LM04). The contribution of Alessandro Montaghi to this manuscript was granted by the "Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Trento e Rovereto" within the project "Using remotely sensed LiDAR data to construct and asses forest attribute maps and related spatial products". NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 99 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 25 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2013.04.006 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 187EM UT WOS:000322099700010 ER PT J AU Bramwell, L AF Bramwell, Lincoln TI Twelve Hundred Miles by Horse and Burro: J. Stokely Ligon and New Mexico's First Breeding Bird Survey SO NEW MEXICO HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Bramwell, Lincoln] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bramwell, L (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 30 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA NEW MEXICO HISTORICAL REVIEW, 1013 MESA VISTA HALL, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1186 USA SN 0028-6206 J9 NEW MEX HIST REV JI N. M. Hist. Rev. PD WIN PY 2013 VL 88 IS 1 BP 110 EP 111 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 141SV UT WOS:000318747700014 ER PT J AU Fageria, NK Ferreira, EPB Baligar, VC Knupp, AM AF Fageria, N. K. Ferreira, E. P. B. Baligar, V. C. Knupp, A. M. TI Growth of Tropical Legume Cover Crops as Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilization and Rhizobia SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Maximum root length; root dry weight; shoot dry weight; specific root length ID USE EFFICIENCY; ROOT-GROWTH; SOIL; GENOTYPES; NITRATE; PLANTS; CORN AB Tropical legume cover crops are important components in cropping systems because of their role in improving soil quality. Information is limited on the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization on growth of tropical legume cover crops grown on Oxisols. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of N fertilization with or without rhizobial inoculation on growth and shoot efficiency index of 10 important tropical cover crops. Nitrogen treatment were (i) 0 mg N kg(-1) (control or N-0), (ii) 0 mg N kg(-1) + inoculation with Bradyrhizobial strains (N-1), (iii) 100 mg N kg(-1) + inoculation with Bradyrhizobial strains (N-2), and (iv) 200 mg N kg(-1) of soil (N-3). The Nxcover crops interactions were significant for shoot dry weight, root dry weight, maximal root length, and specific root length, indicating that cover crop performance varied with varying N rates and inoculation treatments. Shoot dry weight is considered an important growth trait in cover crops and, overall, maximal shoot dry weight was produced at 100 mg N kg(-1) + inoculation treatment. Based on shoot dry-weight efficiency index, cover crops were classified as efficient, moderately efficient, and inefficient in N-use efficiency. Overall, the efficient cover crops were lablab, gray velvet bean, jack bean, and black velvet bean and inefficient cover crops were pueraria, calopo, crotalaria, smooth crotalaria, and showy crotalaria. Pigeonpea was classified as moderately efficient in producing shoot dry weight. C1 [Fageria, N. K.; Ferreira, E. P. B.; Knupp, A. M.] EMBRAPA Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agr, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, BR-75375 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Fageria, NK (reprint author), EMBRAPA Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agr, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, Caixa Postal 179, BR-75375 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. EM nand.fageria@embrapa.br RI Ferreira, Enderson/C-4990-2014 OI Ferreira, Enderson/0000-0002-1964-1516 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 EI 1532-2416 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD NOV 30 PY 2013 VL 44 IS 21 BP 3103 EP 3119 DI 10.1080/00103624.2013.832283 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 242HC UT WOS:000326228500004 ER PT J AU Zimmer, MA Bailey, SW McGuire, KJ Bullen, TD AF Zimmer, Margaret A. Bailey, Scott W. McGuire, Kevin J. Bullen, Thomas D. TI Fine scale variations of surface water chemistry in an ephemeral to perennial drainage network SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE headwater catchments; surface water chemistry; representative elementary area ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; RIPARIAN ZONES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY; STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; HEADWATER STREAM; HOT MOMENTS; CATCHMENT AB Although temporal variation in headwater stream chemistry has long been used to document baseline conditions and response to environmental drivers, less attention is paid to fine scale spatial variations that could yield clues to processes controlling stream water sources. We documented spatial and temporal variation in water composition in a headwater catchment (41ha) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA. We sampled every 50m along an ephemeral to perennial stream network as well as groundwater from seeps and 35 shallow wells across varying flow conditions. Groundwater influences on surface water in this region have not been considered to be important in past studies as relatively coarse soils were assumed to be well drained in steep catchments with flashy runoff response. However, seeps displayed perennial discharge, upslope accumulated areas (UAA) smaller than those for channel initiation sites and higher pH, Ca and Si concentrations than streams, suggesting relatively long groundwater residence time or long subsurface flow paths not bound by topographic divides. Coupled with a large range in groundwater chemistry seen in wells, these results suggest stream chemistry variation reflects the range of connectivity with, and quality of, groundwater controlled by hillslope hydropedological processes. The magnitude of variations of solute concentrations seen in the first order catchment was as broad as that seen at the fifth order Hubbard Brook Valley (3519ha). Reduction in variation in solute concentrations with increasing UAA suggested a representative elementary area (REA) value of less than 3ha in the first order catchment, compared with 100ha for the fifth order basin. Thus, the REA is not necessarily an elementary catchment property. Rather, the partitioning of variation between highly variable upstream sources and relatively homogenous downstream characteristics may have different physical significance depending on the scale and complexity of the catchment under examination. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zimmer, Margaret A.] Oberlin Coll, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Zimmer, Margaret A.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, North Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [McGuire, Kevin J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bailey, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Hubbard Brook Expt Forest, 234 Mirror Lake Rd, North Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. EM swbailey@fs.fed.us RI McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010; OI McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU NSF [DBI/EAR 0754678, EAR 1014507]; US Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX This paper is a contribution to the programme of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is owned and operated by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. Financial support for this research was provided by the NSF grants DBI/EAR 0754678 and EAR 1014507 and the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. The LiDAR data were collected as part of the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) seed award programme. We would like to thank Patricia Brousseau, Adam Finkelman, Katie Harvey, and Stephen Sebestyen for work in the field and GIS lab and Jane Hislop and Jeff Merriam for providing water analyses. We would also like to thank Stephen Sebestyen, Douglas Burns, and anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 29 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 24 BP 3438 EP 3451 DI 10.1002/hyp.9449 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 238YW UT WOS:000325989300007 ER PT J AU Vega-Lopez, S Ausman, LM Matthan, NR Lichtenstein, AH AF Vega-Lopez, Sonia Ausman, Lynne M. Matthan, Nirupa R. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Postprandial lipid responses to standard carbohydrates used to determine glycaemic index values SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Cholesterol; TAG; NEFA; Postprandial responses; Carbohydrate challenges ID NONESTERIFIED FATTY-ACIDS; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; INSULIN RESPONSES; PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; YOUNG-ADULTS; EXPERT PANEL; RISK; METABOLISM AB Prior studies assessing the metabolic effects of different types of carbohydrates have focused on their glycaemic response. However, the response of postprandial cardiometabolic risk indicators has not been considered in these studies. The present study assessed postprandial lipid responses to two forms of carbohydrates used as reference foods for glycaemic index determinations, white bread (50 g available carbohydrate) and glucose (50 g), under controlled conditions and with intra-individual replicate determinations. A total of twenty adults (20-70 years) underwent two cycles of challenges with each pair of reference foods (four challenges/person), administered in a random order on separate days under standard conditions. Serum lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TAG and NEFA), glucose and insulin were monitored for 5 h post-ingestion. Oral glucose resulted in greater glycaemic and insulinaemic responses than white bread for the first 90 min and a greater subsequent decline after 120 min (P = 0.0001). The initial decline in serum NEFA concentrations was greater after the oral glucose than after the white bread challenge, as was the rebound after 150 min (P = 0.001). Nevertheless, the type of carbohydrate had no significant effect on postprandial total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Following an initial modest rise in TAG concentrations in response to both challenges, the values dropped below the fasting values for oral glucose but not for the white bread challenge. These data suggest that the type of carbohydrate used to determine the glycaemic index, bread or glucose, has little or modest effects on postprandial plasma cholesterol concentrations. Differences in TAG and NEFA concentrations over the 5 h time period were modest, and their clinical relevance is unclear. C1 [Vega-Lopez, Sonia] Arizona State Univ, Sch Nutr & Hlth Promot, Hlth Lifestyles Res Ctr, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. [Ausman, Lynne M.; Matthan, Nirupa R.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Vega-Lopez, S (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Nutr & Hlth Promot, Hlth Lifestyles Res Ctr, 500 North 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. EM sonia.vega.lopez@asu.edu FU US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401]; [R01 DK073321] FX The authors acknowledge the study participants as well as the Metabolic Research Unit and Nutrition Evaluation Laboratory staff at the HNRC, Tufts University, for their cooperation. The present study was supported by the R01 DK073321 and a grant from the US Department of Agriculture to Tufts University, under agreement no. 58-1950-4-401. The authors' contributions are as follows: S. V.-L., L. M. A. and A. H. L. designed the study and wrote the manuscript; S. V.-L. and A. H. L. conducted the study; S. V.-L., L. M. A., N. R. M. and A. H. L. conducted the data analysis. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript. None of the authors has conflicts of interest to disclose. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV 28 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 10 BP 1782 EP 1788 DI 10.1017/S000711451300130X PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 250VF UT WOS:000326883600005 PM 23656707 ER PT J AU Luvizotto, RDM Nascimento, AF Imaizumi, E Pierine, DT Conde, SJ Correa, CR Yeum, KJ Ferreira, ALA AF Melo Luvizotto, Renata de Azevedo Nascimento, Andre F. Imaizumi, Erika Pierine, Damiana T. Conde, Sandro J. Correa, Camila R. Yeum, Kyung-Jin Ferreira, Ana Lucia A. TI Lycopene supplementation modulates plasma concentrations and epididymal adipose tissue mRNA of leptin, resistin and IL-6 in diet-induced obese rats SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Lycopene; Obesity; Adipokines ID HIGH-FAT DIET; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; INFLAMMATORY MARKERS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; SERUM RESISTIN; EXPRESSION; DISEASE AB Obesity is characterised by chronic low-grade inflammation, and lycopene has been reported to display anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is not clear whether lycopene supplementation modulates adipokine levels in vivo in obesity. To determine whether lycopene supplementation can regulate adipokine expression in obesity, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive a control diet (C, n 6) or a hyperenergetic diet (DIO, n 12) for 6 weeks. After this period, the DIO animals were randomised into two groups: DIO (n 6) and DIO supplemented with lycopene (DIO + L, n 6). The animals received maize oil (C and DIO) or lycopene (DIO + L, 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) per d) by oral administration for a 6-week period. The animals were then killed by decapitation, and blood samples and epididymal adipose tissue were collected for hormonal determination and gene expression evaluation (IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), TNF-alpha, leptin and resistin). There was no detectable lycopene in the plasma of the C and DIO groups. However, the mean lycopene plasma concentration was 24 nmol in the DIO + L group. Although lycopene supplementation did not affect BW or adiposity, it significantly decreased leptin, resistin and IL-6 gene expression in epididymal adipose tissue and plasma concentrations. Also, it significantly reduced the gene expression of MCP-1 in epididymal adipose tissue. Lycopene affects adipokines by reducing leptin, resistin and plasma IL-6 levels. These data suggest that lycopene may be an effective strategy in reducing inflammation in obesity. C1 [Melo Luvizotto, Renata de Azevedo; Nascimento, Andre F.; Imaizumi, Erika; Conde, Sandro J.; Ferreira, Ana Lucia A.] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Botucatu Med Sch, Internal Med Lab,Dept Internal Med, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Melo Luvizotto, Renata de Azevedo; Nascimento, Andre F.; Pierine, Damiana T.; Yeum, Kyung-Jin] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer United States Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pierine, Damiana T.; Correa, Camila R.] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Botucatu Med Sch, Dept Pathol, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Yeum, Kyung-Jin] Konkuk Univ, Coll Biomed & Hlth Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Luvizotto, RDM (reprint author), Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Botucatu Med Sch, Internal Med Lab,Dept Internal Med, Dist Rubiao Jr S-N, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. EM reluvizotto@yahoo.com RI Nascimento, Andre/K-8857-2015 FU FAPESP [10/06100-9, 10/19746-4, 11/19847-8, 11/22786-0] FX We thank Mario B. Bruno, Jose Carlos Georgette and Renata Capela for their technical support. We appreciate Barbara B. Golner for correcting the English grammar. We are grateful to LycoRed Natural Products Industries, Beer-Sheva, Israel, for supplying the tomato oleoresin. We also thank FAPESP (no. 10/06100-9, 10/19746-4, 11/19847-8 and 11/22786-0) for financial support. The authors' contributions were as follows: A. L. A. F., R. A. M. L. and A. F. N. designed the research; R. A. M. L., A. F. N., E. I., D. T. P., S. J. C. and C. R. C. conducted the research; A. F. N. and R. A. M. L. analysed the data; R. A. M. L., K.-J. Y. and A. L. A. F. wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. None of the authors had a personal or financial conflict of interest. NR 67 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV 28 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 10 BP 1803 EP 1809 DI 10.1017/S0007114513001256 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 250VF UT WOS:000326883600007 ER PT J AU Cai, GH Leadbetter, CW Muehlbauer, MF Molnar, TJ Hillman, BI AF Cai, Guohong Leadbetter, Clayton W. Muehlbauer, Megan F. Molnar, Thomas J. Hillman, Bradley I. TI Genome-Wide Microsatellite Identification in the Fungus Anisogramma anomala Using Illumina Sequencing and Genome Assembly SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN FILBERT BLIGHT; HAZELNUT POLLENIZERS; RESISTANCE; DISEASE; MARKERS AB High-throughput sequencing has been dramatically accelerating the discovery of microsatellite markers (also known as Simple Sequence Repeats). Both 454 and Illumina reads have been used directly in microsatellite discovery and primer design (the "Seq-to-SSR" approach). However, constraints of this approach include: 1) many microsatellite-containing reads do not have sufficient flanking sequences to allow primer design, and 2) difficulties in removing microsatellite loci residing in longer, repetitive regions. In the current study, we applied the novel "Seq-Assembly-SSR" approach to overcome these constraints in Anisogramma anomala. In our approach, Illumina reads were first assembled into a draft genome, and the latter was then used in microsatellite discovery. A. anomala is an obligate biotrophic ascomycete that causes eastern filbert blight disease of commercial European hazelnut. Little is known about its population structure or diversity. Approximately 26 M 146 bp Illumina reads were generated from a paired-end library of a fungal strain from Oregon. The reads were assembled into a draft genome of 333 Mb (excluding gaps), with contig N-50 of 10,384 bp and scaffold N-50 of 32,987 bp. A bioinformatics pipeline identified 46,677 microsatellite motifs at 44,247 loci, including 2,430 compound loci. Primers were successfully designed for 42,923 loci (97%). After removing 2,886 loci close to assembly gaps and 676 loci in repetitive regions, a genome-wide microsatellite database of 39,361 loci was generated for the fungus. In experimental screening of 236 loci using four geographically representative strains, 228 (96.6%) were successfully amplified and 214 (90.7%) produced single PCR products. Twenty-three (9.7%) were found to be perfect polymorphic loci. A small-scale population study using 11 polymorphic loci revealed considerable gene diversity. Clustering analysis grouped isolates of this fungus into two clades in accordance with their geographic origins. Thus, the "Seq-Assembly-SSR" approach has proven to be a successful one for microsatellite discovery. C1 [Cai, Guohong; Leadbetter, Clayton W.; Muehlbauer, Megan F.; Molnar, Thomas J.; Hillman, Bradley I.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Cai, GH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ames, IA USA. EM cai@aesop.rutgers.edu; hillman@aesop.rutgers.edu FU New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science; USDA-NIFA; USDA-NIFA Specialty Crops Research Initiative Competitive [2009-51181-06028] FX Funding was provided by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, the Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science, Hatch funds provided by USDA-NIFA, and the USDA-NIFA Specialty Crops Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2009-51181-06028. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e82408 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0082408 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 261GG UT WOS:000327652100115 PM 24312419 ER PT J AU Ago, M Jakes, JE Rojas, OJ AF Ago, Mariko Jakes, Joseph E. Rojas, Orlando J. TI Thermomechanical Properties of Lignin-Based Electrospun Nanofibers and Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Dynamic Mechanical and Nanoindentation Study SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE cellulose nanocrystals; lignin; nanofibers; electrospinning; dynamic mechanical analysis; nanoindentation; thermomechanical properties; lignin films ID BROAD-BAND NANOINDENTATION; NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); ELASTIC-MODULUS; POLYMERS; WHISKERS; INDENTATION; COMPOSITE; HARDNESS; MICROCRYSTALS AB We produced defect-free electrospun fibers from aqueous dispersions of lignin, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which were used as reinforcing nanoparticles. The thermomechanical performance of the lignin-based electrospun fibers and the spin-coated thin films was improved when they were embedded with CNCs. Isochronal dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to assess the viscoelastic properties of the lignin:PVA electrospun fiber mats loaded with CNCs. DMA revealed that alpha relaxation processes became less prominent with an increased lignin content, an effect that correlated with the loss tangent (tan delta = E"/E') and alpha peak (T-g) that shifted to higher temperatures. This can be ascribed to the restraint of the segmental motion of PVA in the amorphous regions caused by strong intermolecular interactions. The reinforcing effect and high humidity stability attained by addition of CNCs (5, 10, or 15 wt %) in the multicomponent fiber mats were revealed. Nanoindentation was performed to assess the elastic modulus and hardness of as-prepared and cross-section surfaces of spin-coated lignin:PVA (75:25) films loaded with CNC. The properties of the two surfaces differed, and only the trend in cross-section elastic modulus correlated with DMA results. After addition of 5 wt % CNCs, both the DMA and nanoindentation elastic modulus remained constant, while after addition of 15 wt % CNCs, both increased substantially. An indentation size effect was observed in the nanoindentation hardness, and the results provided insight into the effect of addition of CNCs on the microphysical processes controlling the yield behavior in the composites. C1 [Ago, Mariko; Rojas, Orlando J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forest Biomat & Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ago, Mariko; Rojas, Orlando J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ago, Mariko] Tokushima Bunri Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Sanuki, Kagawa 7692101, Japan. [Jakes, Joseph E.] ARS, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Rojas, Orlando J.] Aalto Univ, Sch Chem Technol, Dept Forest Prod Technol, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland. RP Ago, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forest Biomat & Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ago@fe.bunri-u.ac.jp; jjakes@fs.fed.us RI Rojas, Orlando/O-2890-2014 OI Rojas, Orlando/0000-0003-4036-4020 FU North Carolina State University; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2011-10006-30377]; PECASE through the U.S. Forest Service FX We acknowledge financial support of Asahikasei Fibers Corp. Tokushima Bunri University is gratefully acknowledged for funding M.A. during her international exchange program with North Carolina State University (O.J.R). Partial funding support from the U.S. Department of Agriculture via Grant 2011-10006-30377 is greatly appreciated. J.E.J. acknowledges PECASE funding through the U.S. Forest Service. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 22 BP 11768 EP 11776 DI 10.1021/am403451w PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 263MI UT WOS:000327812300040 PM 24168403 ER PT J AU Cheng, S Larson, M McCabe, E Murabito, J Rhee, E Ho, J Jacques, P Ghorbani, A Magnusson, M Snuza, A Deik, A Pierce, K Bullock, K O'Donnell, C Melander, O Clish, C Vasan, R Gerszten, R Wang, T AF Cheng, Susan Larson, Martin McCabe, Elizabeth Murabito, Joanne Rhee, Eugene Ho, Jennifer Jacques, Paul Ghorbani, Anahita Magnusson, Martin Snuza, Amanda Deik, Amy Pierce, Kerry Bullock, Kevin O'Donnell, Christonher Melander, Olle Clish, Clary Vasan, Ramachandran Gerszten, Robert Wang, Thomas TI Metabolomic Correlates of Longevity in the Community SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Scientific Sessions and Resuscitation Science Symposium of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 16-17, 2013 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc DE Metabolomics; Aging; Epidemiology C1 [Cheng, Susan] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Cambridge, MA USA. [Larson, Martin] Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Framingham, MA USA. [McCabe, Elizabeth; Vasan, Ramachandran] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Murabito, Joanne; Ho, Jennifer] Boston Univ, Framingham, MA USA. [Rhee, Eugene; Ghorbani, Anahita; Gerszten, Robert] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Jacques, Paul] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Magnusson, Martin] Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Malmo, Sweden. [Snuza, Amanda; Deik, Amy; Pierce, Kerry; Bullock, Kevin; Clish, Clary] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [O'Donnell, Christonher] NHLBI, Div Intramural Rsch, Framingham, MA USA. [Melander, Olle] Malmo Univ Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Malmo, Sweden. [Wang, Thomas] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 EI 1524-4539 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 26 PY 2013 VL 128 IS 22 SU S MA 10472 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA AC0CR UT WOS:000332162901124 ER PT J AU Dansinger, M Gleason, J Asztalos, BF Schaefer, E AF Dansinger, Michael Gleason, Joi Asztalos, Bela F. Schaefer, Ernst TI Effect of Popular Diets on Large HDL Particle Levels SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Scientific Sessions and Resuscitation Science Symposium of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 16-17, 2013 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc DE Nutrition; Cardiovascular disease prevention; Obesity; Lifestyle; Dietary guidance C1 [Dansinger, Michael] Tufts Med Cntr, Boston, MA USA. [Gleason, Joi; Asztalos, Bela F.; Schaefer, Ernst] Tufts Univ, USDA, Lipid Metab Lab, Human Nutr Rsch Cntr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 EI 1524-4539 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 26 PY 2013 VL 128 IS 22 SU S MA 15899 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA AC0CR UT WOS:000332162905252 ER PT J AU Matsubayashi, M Teramoto-Kimata, I Uni, S Lillehoj, HS Matsuda, H Furuya, M Tani, H Sasai, K AF Matsubayashi, Makoto Teramoto-Kimata, Isao Uni, Shigehiko Lillehoj, Hyun S. Matsuda, Haruo Furuya, Masaru Tani, Hiroyuki Sasai, Kazumi TI Elongation Factor-1 alpha Is a Novel Protein Associated with Host Cell Invasion and a Potential Protective Antigen of Cryptosporidium parvum SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cell-penetrating Peptides; Cytoskeleton; Electron Microscopy (EM); Protozoan; Transcription Elongation Factors; Translation Elongation Factors; Western Blotting ID SEA-URCHIN EGGS; FACTOR-I ALPHA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; TOXOPLASMA INVASION; ACTIN CYTOSKELETON; BINDING PROTEIN; FACTOR 1A; SPOROZOITES; GENE; EIMERIA AB Background: Apicomplexan parasites, including Cryptosporidium, possess organelles associated with host cell invasion. Results: A chicken-derived monoclonal antibody inhibited host cell invasion by C. parvum. The corresponding antigen, which localizes to the apical region of the parasite, was identified as elongation factor-1 (EF-1). Conclusion: EF-1 mediates cryptosporidial cytoskeletal complex critical for host cell invasion. Significance: The findings suggest that cryptosporidial EF-1 could serve as a novel anti-infective target antigen. The phylum Apicomplexa comprises obligate intracellular parasites that infect vertebrates. All invasive forms of Apicomplexa possess an apical complex, a unique assembly of organelles localized to the anterior end of the cell and involved in host cell invasion. Previously, we generated a chicken monoclonal antibody (mAb), 6D-12-G10, with specificity for an antigen located in the apical cytoskeleton of Eimeria acervulina sporozoites. This antigen was highly conserved among Apicomplexan parasites, including other Eimeria spp., Toxoplasma, Neospora, and Cryptosporidium. In the present study, we identified the apical cytoskeletal antigen of Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) and further characterized this antigen in C. parvum to assess its potential as a target molecule against cryptosporidiosis. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that the reactivity of 6D-12-G10 with C. parvum sporozoites was similar to those of anti-- and anti--tubulins antibodies. Immunoelectron microscopy with the 6D-12-G10 mAb detected the antigen both on the sporozoite surface and underneath the inner membrane at the apical region of zoites. The 6D-12-G10 mAb significantly inhibited in vitro host cell invasion by C. parvum. MALDI-TOF/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic peptides revealed that the mAb 6D-12-G10 target antigen was elongation factor-1 (EF-1). These results indicate that C. parvum EF-1 plays an essential role in mediating host cell entry by the parasite and, as such, could be a candidate vaccine antigen against cryptosporidiosis. C1 [Matsubayashi, Makoto] Osaka Yuhigaoka Gakuen Jr Coll, Dept Food & Nutr, Tennoji Ku, Osaka 5430073, Japan. [Matsubayashi, Makoto] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Bacterial & Parasit Dis Res Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan. [Teramoto-Kimata, Isao; Uni, Shigehiko] Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Parasitol, Abeno Ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan. [Uni, Shigehiko] Univ Malaya, Fac Sci, Inst Biol Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] USDA, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matsuda, Haruo] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biosphere Sci, Dept Mol & Appl Biosci, Immunobiol Lab, Higashihiroshima 7398528, Japan. [Furuya, Masaru; Tani, Hiroyuki; Sasai, Kazumi] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Div Vet Sci, Dept Vet Internal Med, Izumisano, Osaka 5988531, Japan. RP Sasai, K (reprint author), Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Div Vet Sci, Dept Vet Internal Med, Izumisano, Osaka 5988531, Japan. EM ksasai@vet.osakafu-u.ac.jp RI uni, shigehiko/A-8940-2012 FU Public Trust for Home Economics Research Support Fund; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and from the Urakami Foundation [22700773]; [23580445] FX This work was supported in part by the Public Trust for Home Economics Research Support Fund (to M.M.), Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research 23580445 (to K.S., H.T., M.F., and M.M.) and 22700773 (to M.M.) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and from the Urakami Foundation (to K.S., H.T., and M.M.). NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 22 PY 2013 VL 288 IS 47 BP 34111 EP 34120 DI 10.1074/jbc.M113.515544 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 255OR UT WOS:000327250200055 PM 24085304 ER PT J AU Agunbiade, TA Sun, WL Coates, BS Djouaka, R Tamo, M Ba, MN Binso-Dabire, C Baoua, I Olds, BP Pittendrigh, BR AF Agunbiade, Tolulope A. Sun, Weilin Coates, Brad S. Djouaka, Rousseau Tamo, Manuele Ba, Malick N. Binso-Dabire, Clementine Baoua, Ibrahim Olds, Brett P. Pittendrigh, Barry R. TI Development of Reference Transcriptomes for the Major Field Insect Pests of Cowpea: A Toolbox for Insect Pest Management Approaches in West Africa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; DE-NOVO TRANSCRIPTOME; BORNE MOSAIC-VIRUS; LEGUME POD-BORER; MARUCA-VITRATA; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; BUCHNERA-APHIDICOLA; SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Cowpea is a widely cultivated and major nutritional source of protein for many people that live in West Africa. Annual yields and longevity of grain storage is greatly reduced by feeding damage caused by a complex of insect pests that include the pod sucking bugs, Anoplocnemis curvipes Fabricius (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal (Hemiptera: Coreidae); as well as phloem-feeding cowpea aphids, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Efforts to control these pests remain a challenge and there is a need to understand the structure and movement of these pest populations in order to facilitate the development of integrated pest management strategies (IPM). Molecular tools have the potential to help facilitate a better understanding of pest populations. Towards this goal, we used 454 pyrosequencing technology to generate 319,126, 176,262, 320,722 and 227,882 raw reads from A. curvipes, A. craccivora, C. tomentosicollis and M. sjostedti, respectively. The reads were de novo assembled into 11,687, 7,647, 10,652 and 7,348 transcripts for A. curvipes, A. craccivora, C. tomentosicollis and M. sjostedti, respectively. Functional annotation of the resulting transcripts identified genes putatively involved in insecticide resistance, pathogen defense and immunity. Additionally, sequences that matched the primary aphid endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, were identified among A. craccivora transcripts. Furthermore, 742, 97, 607 and 180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were respectively predicted among A. curvipes, A. craccivora, C. tomentosicollis and M. sjostedti transcripts, and will likely be valuable tools for future molecular genetic marker development. These results demonstrate that Roche 454-based transcriptome sequencing could be useful for the development of genomic resources for cowpea pest insects in West Africa. C1 [Agunbiade, Tolulope A.; Sun, Weilin; Pittendrigh, Barry R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Coates, Brad S.] ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Djouaka, Rousseau; Tamo, Manuele] Int Inst Trop Agr, Cotonou, Benin. [Ba, Malick N.; Binso-Dabire, Clementine] Inst Environm & Rech Agr, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Baoua, Ibrahim] Inst Natl Rech Agron Niger, Maradi, Niger. [Olds, Brett P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Biol, Urbana, IL USA. RP Agunbiade, TA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM agunbia1@illinois.edu RI Ba, Malick/I-8557-2012 FU Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, United States Agency for International Development [EDH-A-00-07-00005]; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS: CRIS Project) [3625-22000-017-00]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Student Research Fellowship FX This project has been made possible through support provided to the Dry Grains Pulses Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) by the Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, United States Agency for International Development, under the terms of Grant No. EDH-A-00-07-00005. A portion of research data analysis was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS: CRIS Project 3625-22000-017-00). The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TAA was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Student Research Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 101 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 22 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79929 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079929 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 259QP UT WOS:000327541700023 PM 24278221 ER PT J AU Justine, JL Rahmouni, C Gey, D Schoelinck, C Hoberg, EP AF Justine, Jean-Lou Rahmouni, Chahrazed Gey, Delphine Schoelinck, Charlotte Hoberg, Eric P. TI The Monogenean Which Lost Its Clamps SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISH; 28S RDNA SEQUENCES; NEW-CALEDONIA; PARASITE BIODIVERSITY; ANNOTATED LIST; N.-SP; POLYOPISTHOCOTYLEAN MONOGENEANS; ADHESIVE MECHANISMS; CARANX-HIPPOS; MIXED MODELS AB Ectoparasites face a daily challenge: to remain attached to their hosts. Polyopisthocotylean monogeneans usually attach to the surface of fish gills using highly specialized structures, the sclerotized clamps. In the original description of the protomicrocotylid species Lethacotyle fijiensis, described 60 years ago, the clamps were considered to be absent but few specimens were available and this observation was later questioned. In addition, genera within the family Protomicrocotylidae have either clamps of the "gastrocotylid'' or the "microcotylid'' types; this puzzled systematists because these clamp types are characteristic of distinct, major groups. Discovery of another, new, species of the genus Lethacotyle, has allowed us to explore the nature of the attachment structures in protomicrocotylids. Lethacotyle vera n. sp. is described from the gills of the carangid Caranx papuensis off New Caledonia. It is distinguished from Lethacotyle fijiensis, the only other species of the genus, by the length of the male copulatory spines. Sequences of 28S rDNA were used to build a tree, in which Lethacotyle vera grouped with other protomicrocotylids. The identity of the host fish was confirmed with COI barcodes. We observed that protomicrocotylids have specialized structures associated with their attachment organ, such as lateral flaps and transverse striations, which are not known in other monogeneans. We thus hypothesized that the clamps in protomicrocotylids were sequentially lost during evolution, coinciding with the development of other attachment structures. To test the hypothesis, we calculated the surfaces of clamps and body in 120 species of gastrocotylinean monogeneans, based on published descriptions. The ratio of clamp surface: body surface was the lowest in protomicrocotylids. We conclude that clamps in protomicrocotylids are vestigial organs, and that occurrence of "gastrocotylid'' and simpler "microcotylid'' clamps within the same family are steps in an evolutionary sequence, leading to the absence of these attributes in species of Lethacotyle. C1 [Justine, Jean-Lou; Rahmouni, Chahrazed; Schoelinck, Charlotte] Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR Systemat Adaptat Evolut 7138, F-75231 Paris, France. [Gey, Delphine] Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMS Serv Systemat Mol 2700, F-75231 Paris, France. [Schoelinck, Charlotte] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Aquat Anim Hlth, Mol Biol, Moncton, NB, Canada. [Hoberg, Eric P.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Justine, JL (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR Systemat Adaptat Evolut 7138, CP 51, F-75231 Paris, France. EM justine@mnhn.fr RI Justine, Jean-Lou/B-1298-2010 OI Justine, Jean-Lou/0000-0002-7155-4540 FU "Service de Systematique Moleculaire'' of MNHN [CNRS UMS 2700]; network "Bibliotheque du Vivant''; CNRS; MNHN; INRA; CEA (Genoscope); grant (Action Thematique du Museum) FX This project was supported by the "Service de Systematique Moleculaire'' of MNHN (CNRS UMS 2700), the network "Bibliotheque du Vivant'' funded by the CNRS, the MNHN, the INRA and the CEA (Genoscope), and a grant (Action Thematique du Museum (www.mnhn.fr) "Formes possibles, Formes realisees'') awarded by MNHN to JLJ and CR. (These grants have no numbers). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 87 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 22 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79155 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079155 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 259QP UT WOS:000327541700006 PM 24278118 ER PT J AU Binagwaho, A Kyamanywa, P Farmer, PE Nuthulaganti, T Umubyeyi, B Nyemazi, JP Mugeni, SD Asiimwe, A Ndagijimana, U McPherson, HL Ngirabega, JD Sliney, A Uwayezu, A Rusanganwa, V Wagner, CM Nutt, CT Eldon-Edington, M Cancedda, C Magaziner, IC Goosby, E AF Binagwaho, Agnes Kyamanywa, Patrick Farmer, Paul E. Nuthulaganti, Tej Umubyeyi, Benoite Nyemazi, Jean Pierre Mugeni, Soline Dusabeyesu Asiimwe, Anita Ndagijimana, Uzziel McPherson, Helen Lamphere Ngirabega, Jean de Dieu Sliney, Anne Uwayezu, Agnes Rusanganwa, Vincent Wagner, Claire M. Nutt, Cameron T. Eldon-Edington, Mark Cancedda, Corrado Magaziner, Ira C. Goosby, Eric TI The Human Resources for Health Program in Rwanda - A New Partnership SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL HEALTH; CARE; LESSONS; SYSTEMS; PEPFAR AB The authors discuss the Human Resources for Health Program, which is working to improve the quality and quantity of health professionals in Rwanda by means of sustained collaborations with U.S. schools of medicine, nursing, dentistry, and public health. A global shortage of 4.3 million health professionals poses a major bottleneck to poor people worldwide with regard to benefiting from the fruits of modern medicine.(1) Among existing health professionals, there are also staggering inequities in skill levels and geographic distribution.(2)-(4) Unsurprisingly, the deepest national gaps in human resources for health run parallel to poor population-level health outcomes.(1) Sub-Saharan Africa bears 24% of the global burden of disease(5) but is served by only 4% of the global health workforce.(1) The health graduate schools in the region face overwhelming financial, infrastructural, and personnel constraints, limiting their ability to address the ... C1 [Binagwaho, Agnes; Asiimwe, Anita; Ndagijimana, Uzziel; Ngirabega, Jean de Dieu; Rusanganwa, Vincent] Minist Hlth Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. [Umubyeyi, Benoite] Kigali Hlth Inst, Kigali, Rwanda. [Nyemazi, Jean Pierre] Rwanda Biomed Ctr, Kigali, Rwanda. [Uwayezu, Agnes] Natl Council Nurses & Midw, Kigali, Rwanda. [Kyamanywa, Patrick] Natl Univ Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda. [Binagwaho, Agnes; Farmer, Paul E.; Cancedda, Corrado] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Farmer, Paul E.; Cancedda, Corrado] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Farmer, Paul E.; Cancedda, Corrado] Partners Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Nuthulaganti, Tej; Mugeni, Soline Dusabeyesu; McPherson, Helen Lamphere; Sliney, Anne; Magaziner, Ira C.] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Boston, MA USA. [Wagner, Claire M.] Global Hlth Delivery Partnership, Boston, MA USA. [Binagwaho, Agnes] Geisel Sch Med Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA. [Nyemazi, Jean Pierre; Nutt, Cameron T.] Dartmouth Ctr Hlth Care Delivery Sci, Hanover, NH USA. [Eldon-Edington, Mark] Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. [Goosby, Eric] USDA, Off Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Goosby, Eric] USDA, Off Global Hlth Diplomacy, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Binagwaho, A (reprint author), Minist Hlth Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. NR 30 TC 61 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 21 PY 2013 VL 369 IS 21 BP 2054 EP 2059 DI 10.1056/NEJMsr1302176 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254KE UT WOS:000327163000016 PM 24256385 ER PT J AU Boggess, MV Lippolis, JD Hurkman, WJ Fagerquist, CK Briggs, SP Gomes, AV Righetti, PG Bala, K AF Boggess, Mark V. Lippolis, John D. Hurkman, William J. Fagerquist, Clifton K. Briggs, Steve P. Gomes, Aldrin V. Righetti, Pier Giorgio Bala, Kumar TI The need for agriculture phenotyping: "Moving from genotype to phenotype" SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE Plant proteomics; Animal proteomics; Food proteomics; Agricultural proteomics; Combinatorial peptide ligand libraries ID PEPTIDE LIGAND LIBRARIES; TOP-DOWN PROTEOMICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN EXTRACTION; COLIFORM MASTITIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EGG-WHITE; ARABIDOPSIS AB Increase in the world population has called for the increased demand for agricultural productivity. Traditional methods to augment crop and animal production are facing exacerbating pressures in keeping up with population growth. This challenge has in turn led to the transformational change in the use of biotechnology tools to meet increased productivity for both plant and animal systems. Although many challenges exist, the use of proteomic techniques to understand agricultural problems is steadily increasing. This review discusses the impact of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenotypes on plant, animal and bacterial systems to achieve global food security and safety and we highlight examples of intra and extra mural research work that is currently being done to increase agricultural productivity. Biological significance This review focuses on the global demand for increased agricultural productivity arising from population growth and how we can address this challenge using biotechnology. With a population well above seven billion humans, in a very unbalanced nutritional state (20% overweight, 20% risking starvation) drastic measures have to be taken at the political, infrastructure and scientific levels. While we cannot influence politics, it is our duty as scientists to see what can be done to feed humanity. Hence we highlight the transformational change in the use of biotechnology tools over traditional methods to increase agricultural productivity (plant and animal). Specifically, this review deals at length on how a three-pronged attack, namely combined genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, can help to ensure global food security and safety. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Plant Proteomics. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Boggess, Mark V.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Lippolis, John D.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. [Hurkman, William J.; Fagerquist, Clifton K.; Bala, Kumar] USDA ARS, Albany, CA USA. [Briggs, Steve P.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Gomes, Aldrin V.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Righetti, Pier Giorgio] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Chim, IT-20131 Milan, Italy. [Bala, Kumar] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bala, K (reprint author), USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, 1346 Waterfront Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM kbala@nifa.usda.gov OI Gomes, Aldrin/0000-0002-9819-3036 FU USDA-ARS FX We greatly appreciate the support provided by Dr. Andrew Hammond, Dr, Robert Matteri and Dr. Caird Rexroad of USDA-ARS; Dr. Sonny Ramaswamy and Bart Hewitt of USDA-NIFA and the funding for research provided by USDA-ARS. Additionally, we greatly appreciate the review of the manuscript by Dr. Marshall Pope of the University of Iowa and Dr. Guri Johal of Purdue University. NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-3919 EI 1876-7737 J9 J PROTEOMICS JI J. Proteomics PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 93 SI SI BP 20 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.021 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 277FB UT WOS:000328803300003 PM 23563084 ER PT J AU Hossain, MJ Waldbieser, GC Sun, DW Capps, NK Hemstreet, WB Carlisle, K Griffin, MJ Khoo, L Goodwin, AE Sonstegard, TS Schroeder, S Hayden, K Newton, JC Terhune, JS Liles, MR AF Hossain, Mohammad J. Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. Sun, Dawei Capps, Nancy K. Hemstreet, William B. Carlisle, Kristen Griffin, Matt J. Khoo, Lester Goodwin, Andrew E. Sonstegard, Tad S. Schroeder, Steven Hayden, Karl Newton, Joseph C. Terhune, Jeffery S. Liles, Mark R. TI Implication of Lateral Genetic Transfer in the Emergence of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolates of Epidemic Outbreaks in Channel Catfish SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID O-ANTIGEN; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOMIC ISLANDS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; VIRULENCE FACTORS; BIOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; MYOINOSITOL; STRAINS AB To investigate the molecular basis of the emergence of Aeromonas hydrophila responsible for an epidemic outbreak of motile aeromonad septicemia of catfish in the Southeastern United States, we sequenced 11 A. hydrophila isolates that includes five reference and six recent epidemic isolates. Comparative genomics revealed that recent epidemic A. hydrophila isolates are highly clonal, whereas reference isolates are greatly diverse. We identified 55 epidemic-associated genetic regions with 313 predicted genes that are present in epidemic isolates but absent from reference isolates and 35% of these regions are located within genomic islands, suggesting their acquisition through lateral gene transfer. The epidemic-associated regions encode predicted prophage elements, pathogenicity islands, metabolic islands, fitness islands and genes of unknown functions, and 34 of the genes encoded in these regions were predicted as virulence factors. We found two pilus biogenesis gene clusters encoded within predicted pathogenicity islands. A functional metabolic island that encodes a complete pathway for myo-inositol catabolism was evident by the ability of epidemic A. hydrophila isolates to use myo-inositol as a sole carbon source. Testing of A. hydrophila field isolates found a consistent correlation between myo-inositol utilization as a sole carbon source and the presence of an epidemic-specific genetic marker. All epidemic isolates and one reference isolate shared a novel O-antigen cluster. Altogether we identified four different O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters within the 11 sequenced A. hydrophila genomes. Our study reveals new insights into the evolutionary changes that have resulted in the emergence of recent epidemic A. hydrophila strains. C1 [Hossain, Mohammad J.; Capps, Nancy K.; Carlisle, Kristen; Liles, Mark R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.] USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. [Sun, Dawei; Hayden, Karl; Terhune, Jeffery S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hemstreet, William B.] Alabama Fish Farming Ctr, Greensboro, AL USA. [Griffin, Matt J.; Khoo, Lester] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stoneville, MS USA. [Goodwin, Andrew E.] Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, Aquaculture & Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR USA. [Sonstegard, Tad S.; Schroeder, Steven] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Newton, Joseph C.] Auburn Univ, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Liles, MR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lilesma@auburn.edu RI Hossain, Mohammad/I-1542-2014; OI Hossain, Mohammad/0000-0003-3848-9035; Schroeder, Steven/0000-0001-9103-5150 FU Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (Hatch project) [ALA021-1-09005]; Alabama EPSCoR program FX The Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (Hatch project #ALA021-1-09005) provided research funding and the Alabama EPSCoR program provided stipend support for the first author MJH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR UNSP e80943 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080943 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 256LY UT WOS:000327313100128 PM 24278351 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Leddy, M Murinda, SE AF Ibekwe, A. Mark Leddy, Menu Murinda, Shelton E. TI Potential Human Pathogenic Bacteria in a Mixed Urban Watershed as Revealed by Pyrosequencing SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; FECAL POLLUTION; RISK-FACTORS; RIVER; TAXONOMY; INDICATORS; DIVERSITY; SPP. AB Current microbial source tracking (MST) methods for water depend on testing for fecal indicator bacterial counts or specific marker gene sequences to identify fecal contamination where potential human pathogenic bacteria could be present. In this study, we applied 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing to identify bacterial pathogen DNA sequences, including those not traditionally monitored by MST and correlated their abundances to specific sources of contamination such as urban runoff and agricultural runoff from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), recreation park area, waste-water treatment plants, and natural sites with little or no human activities. Samples for pyrosequencing were surface water, and sediment collected from 19 sites. A total of 12,959 16S rRNA gene sequences with average length of <= 400 bp were obtained, and were assigned to corresponding taxonomic ranks using ribosomal database project (RDP), Classifier and Greengenes databases. The percent of total potential pathogens were highest in urban runoff water (7.94%), agricultural runoff sediment (6.52%), and Prado Park sediment (6.00%), respectively. Although the numbers of DNA sequence tags from pyrosequencing were very high for the natural site, corresponding percent potential pathogens were very low (3.78-4.08%). Most of the potential pathogenic bacterial sequences identified were from three major phyla, namely, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. The use of deep sequencing may provide improved and faster methods for the identification of pathogen sources in most watersheds so that better risk assessment methods may be developed to enhance public health. C1 [Ibekwe, A. Mark] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. [Leddy, Menu] Orange Cty Water Dist, Fountain Valley, CA USA. [Murinda, Shelton E.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. EM Mark.Ibekwe@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX This research was supported by the 214 Manure and Byproduct Utilization Project of the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79490 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079490 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 256LY UT WOS:000327313100027 PM 24278139 ER PT J AU Lindholm-Perry, AK Kuehn, LA Oliver, WT Sexten, AK Miles, JR Rempel, LA Cushman, RA Freetly, HC AF Lindholm-Perry, Amanda K. Kuehn, Larry A. Oliver, William T. Sexten, Andrea K. Miles, Jeremy R. Rempel, Lea A. Cushman, Robert A. Freetly, Harvey C. TI Adipose and Muscle Tissue Gene Expression of Two Genes (NCAPG and LCORL) Located in a Chromosomal Region Associated with Cattle Feed Intake and Gain SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; BEEF-CATTLE; GROWTH; CARCASS; PCR AB A region on bovine chromosome 6 has been implicated in cattle birth weight, growth, and length. Non-SMC conodensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG) and ligand dependent nuclear receptor corepressor-like protein (LCORL) are positional candidate genes within this region. Previously identified genetic markers in both genes were associated with average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in a crossbred population of beef steers. These markers were also associated with hot carcass weight, ribeye area and adjusted fat thickness suggesting that they may have a role in lean muscle growth and/or fat deposition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the transcript abundance of either of these genes in cattle adipose and muscle tissue was associated with variation in feed intake and average daily gain phenotypes. Transcript abundance for NCAPG and LCORL in adipose and muscle tissue was measured in heifers (adipose only), cows and steers using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the adipose tissue from cows and heifers, a negative correlation between LCORL transcript abundance and ADFI were detected (P = 0.05). In the muscle tissue from cows, transcript abundance of NCAPG was associated with ADG (r = 0.26; P = 0.009). A positive correlation between LCORL transcript abundance from muscle tissue of steers and ADFI was detected (P = 0.04). LCORL protein levels in the muscle of steers were investigated and were associated with ADFI (P = 0.01). These data support our earlier genetic associations with ADFI and ADG within this region and represent the potential for biological activity of these genes in the muscle and adipose tissues of beef cattle; however, they also suggest that sex, age and/or nutrition-specific interactions may affect the expression of NCAPG and LCORL in these tissues. C1 [Lindholm-Perry, Amanda K.; Kuehn, Larry A.; Oliver, William T.; Sexten, Andrea K.; Miles, Jeremy R.; Rempel, Lea A.; Cushman, Robert A.; Freetly, Harvey C.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Lindholm-Perry, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. EM Amanda.Lindholm@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e80882 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080882 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 256LY UT WOS:000327313100122 PM 24278337 ER PT J AU Gustin, JL Jackson, S Williams, C Patel, A Armstrong, P Peter, GF Settles, AM AF Gustin, Jeffery L. Jackson, Sean Williams, Chekeria Patel, Anokhee Armstrong, Paul Peter, Gary F. Settles, A. Mark TI Analysis of Maize (Zea mays) Kernel Density and Volume Using Microcomputed Tomography and Single-Kernel Near-Infrared Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; maize; corn; kernel density; seed density; computed tomography; near-infrared spectroscopy; test weight ID CORN GRAIN DENSITY; X-RAY; QUALITY; HARDNESS; ENDOSPERM; SEED; L. AB Maize kernel density affects milling quality of the grain. Kernel density of bulk samples can be predicted by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy, but no accurate method to measure individual kernel density has been reported. This study demonstrates that individual kernel density and volume are accurately measured using X-ray microcomputed tomography (mu CT). Kernel density was significantly correlated with kernel volume, air space within the kernel, and protein content. Embryo density and volume did not influence overall kernel density. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression of mu CT traits with single-kernel NIR spectra gave stable predictive models for kernel density (R-2 = 0.78, SEP = 0.034 g/cm(3)) and volume (R-2 = 0.86, SEP = 2.88 cm(3)). Density and volume predictions were accurate for data collected over 10 months based on kernel weights calculated from predicted density and volume (R-2 = 0.83, SEP = 24.78 mg). Kernel density was significantly correlated with bulk test weight (r = 0.80), suggesting that selection of dense kernels can translate to improved agronomic performance. C1 [Gustin, Jeffery L.; Jackson, Sean; Williams, Chekeria; Patel, Anokhee; Settles, A. Mark] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jackson, Sean; Williams, Chekeria] Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Armstrong, Paul] ARS, Grain Mkt Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Peter, Gary F.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Settles, AM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM settles@ufl.edu OI Settles, A. Mark/0000-0002-5846-0996 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-1031416, IOS-PGRP-0501763]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-67003-30215]; Vasil-Monsanto Endowment FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program Awards IOS-1031416 and IOS-PGRP-0501763, National Institute of Food and Agriculture Award 2011-67003-30215, and the Vasil-Monsanto Endowment. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 61 IS 46 BP 10872 EP 10880 DI 10.1021/jf403790v PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 253QC UT WOS:000327103400005 PM 24143871 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Xiao, ZL Lin, LZ Lester, GE Wang, Q Harnly, JM Chen, P AF Sun, Jianghao Xiao, Zhenlei Lin, Long-ze Lester, Gene E. Wang, Qin Harnly, James M. Chen, Pei TI Profiling Polyphenols in Five Brassica Species Microgreens by UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMSn SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE microgreens; Brassicaceae; acylated cyanidin 3-sophroside-5-mono- and diglucosides; acylated flavonol glycosides; hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives; UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMSn ID VAR. COSTATA-DC; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HPLC-DAD; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; RED CABBAGE; CANCER-RISK; HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS; ARRAY DETECTION; MUSTARD GREENS; UNITED-STATES AB Brassica vegetables are known to contain relatively high concentrations of bioactive compounds associated with human health. A comprehensive profiling of polyphenols from five Brassica species microgreens was conducted using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array high-resolution multistage mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMSn). A total of 164 polyphenols including 30 anthocyanins, 105 flavonol glycosides, and 29 hydroxycinnamic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives were putatively identified. The putative identifications were based on UHPLC-HRMSn analysis using retention times, elution orders, UV-vis and high-resolution mass spectra, and an in-house polyphenol database as well as literature comparisons. This study showed that these five Brassica species microgreens could be considered as good sources of food polyphenols. C1 [Sun, Jianghao; Lin, Long-ze; Harnly, James M.; Chen, Pei] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Xiao, Zhenlei; Wang, Qin] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lester, Gene E.] ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Pei.Chen@ars.usda.gov RI Sun, Jianghao/A-6134-2010 FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 61 IS 46 BP 10960 EP 10970 DI 10.1021/jf401802n PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 253QC UT WOS:000327103400016 PM 24144328 ER PT J AU Kim, SP Park, SO Lee, SJ Nam, SH Friedman, M AF Kim, Sung Phil Park, Sun Ok Lee, Sang Jong Nam, Seok Hyun Friedman, Mendel TI A Polysaccharide Isolated from the Liquid Culture of Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) Mushroom Mycelia Containing Black Rice Bran Protects Mice against a Salmonella Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxemia SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lentinus edodes mushroom mycelia culture; black rice bran; biopolymer; HPLC; beta-glucan; oxidative enzymes; myeloperoxidase; cytokines; immunostimulation; mice; histopathology; kidney/liver/lung injury prevention; endotoxemia prevention ID TUMOR-BEARING MICE; INDUCED LIVER-DAMAGE; INNATE IMMUNE CELLS; HULL SMOKE EXTRACT; INFECTED MICE; ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITIES; CANCER-CELLS; INFLAMMATION; TYPHIMURIUM; MORTALITY AB Endotoxemia (sepsis, septic shock) is an inflammatory, virulent disease that results mainly from bacterial infection. The present study investigates the inhibitory effect of a bioprocessed polysaccharide (BPP) isolated from the edible Lentinus edodes liquid mycelial mushroom culture supplemented with black rice bran against murine endotoxemia induced by the Salmonella lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine (LPS/GalN). BPP was obtained after dialysis against water using a cellulose tube with a molecular weight cutoff of 10000. BPP eluted as a single peak on an HPLC chromatogram. Acid hydrolysis of BPP showed the presence of the following sugars: fucose, galactose, galactosamine, glucose, glucosamine, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose. Treatment of BPP with beta-glucanase reduced its immunostimulating activity, suggesting that the polysaccharide has a beta-glucan structure. Pretreatment of mice with BPP via oral or intraperitoneal (ip) administration for 2 weeks resulted in the suppression of LPS/GalN-induced catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and transaminase (GOT/GPT) liver enzymes, amelioration of necrotic liver lesions, and reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitrite serum levels as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, an index of necrotic injury. Immunostimulating macrophage activity was up to 5.4-fold greater than that observed with the culture without the rice bran. BPP also extended the lifespan of the toxemic mice. These positive results with inflammation biomarkers and lifespan studies suggest that the BPP can protect mice against LPS/GalN-induced liver, lung, and kidney injuries and inflammation by blocking oxidative stress and TNF-alpha production, thus increasing the survival of the toxic shock-induced mice. The polysaccharide has the potential to serve as a new functional food. C1 [Kim, Sung Phil; Nam, Seok Hyun] Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. [Park, Sun Ok; Lee, Sang Jong] STR Biotech Co Ltd, Chunchon 200160, South Korea. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Nam, SH (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. EM shnam@ajou.ac.kr; Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 61 IS 46 BP 10987 EP 10994 DI 10.1021/jf403173k PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 253QC UT WOS:000327103400019 PM 24200110 ER PT J AU Trippe, K McPhail, K Armstrong, D Azevedo, M Banowetz, G AF Trippe, Kristin McPhail, Kerry Armstrong, Donald Azevedo, Mark Banowetz, Gary TI Pseudomonas sfluorescens SBW25 produces furanomycin, a non-proteinogenic amino acid with selective antimicrobial properties(vol 13, 111, 2013) SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Trippe, Kristin; Azevedo, Mark; Banowetz, Gary] ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McPhail, Kerry] Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Armstrong, Donald] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Gary.Banowetz@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 13 AR 263 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-13-263 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 277YP UT WOS:000328855500002 ER PT J AU Pedersen, LR Olsen, RH Frederiksen, M Astrup, A Chabanova, E Hasbak, P Holst, JJ Kjaer, A Newman, JW Walzem, R Wisloff, U Sajadieh, A Haugaard, SB Prescott, E AF Pedersen, Lene Rorholm Olsen, Rasmus Huan Frederiksen, Marianne Astrup, Arne Chabanova, Elizaveta Hasbak, Philip Holst, Jens Juul Kjaer, Andreas Newman, John W. Walzem, Rosemary Wisloff, Ulrik Sajadieh, Ahmad Haugaard, Steen Bendix Prescott, Eva TI Copenhagen study of overweight patients with coronary artery disease undergoing low energy diet or interval training: the randomized CUT-IT trial protocol SO BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Coronary artery disease; Secondary prevention; Rehabilitation; Exercise; Overweight; Obesity; Weight loss; Life style changes ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; HEART-FAILURE PATIENTS; FLOW RESERVE; WEIGHT-LOSS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLYCEMIC INDEX; DOPPLER-ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AB Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is accountable for more than 7 million deaths each year according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In a European population 80% of patients diagnosed with CAD are overweight and 31% are obese. Physical inactivity and overweight are major risk factors in CAD, thus central strategies in secondary prevention are increased physical activity and weight loss. Methods/Design: In a randomized controlled trial 70 participants with stable CAD, age 45-75, body mass index 28-40 kg/m(2) and no diabetes are randomized (1: 1) to 12 weeks of intensive exercise or weight loss both succeeded by a 40-week follow-up. The exercise protocol consist of supervised aerobic interval training (AIT) at 85-90% of VO(2)peak 3 times weekly for 12 weeks followed by supervised AIT twice weekly for 40 weeks. In the weight loss arm dieticians instruct the participants in a low energy diet (800-1000 kcal/day) for 12 weeks, followed by 40 weeks of weight maintenance combined with supervised AIT twice weekly. The primary endpoint of the study is change in coronary flow reserve after the first 12 weeks' intervention. Secondary endpoints include cardiovascular, metabolic, inflammatory and anthropometric measures. Discussion: The study will compare the short and long-term effects of a protocol consisting of AIT alone or a rapid weight loss followed by AIT. Additionally, it will provide new insight in mechanisms behind the benefits of exercise and weight loss. We wish to contribute to the creation of effective secondary prevention and sustainable rehabilitation strategies in the large population of overweight and obese patients diagnosed with CAD. C1 [Pedersen, Lene Rorholm; Olsen, Rasmus Huan; Frederiksen, Marianne; Sajadieh, Ahmad; Prescott, Eva] Bispebjerg Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Astrup, Arne] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Nutr Exercise & Sports, Fac Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Chabanova, Elizaveta] Herlev Univ Hosp, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hasbak, Philip] Rigshosp, Dept Clin Physiol Nucl Med & PET, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Holst, Jens Juul] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Biomed Sci, Endocrinol Res Sect, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Newman, John W.] ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Walzem, Rosemary] Texas A&M Univ, Fac Nutr, College Stn, TX USA. [Wisloff, Ulrik] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, KG Jebsen Ctr Exercise Med, Dept Circulat & Med Imaging, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. [Haugaard, Steen Bendix] Amager Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Haugaard, Steen Bendix] Hvidovre Univ Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Pedersen, LR (reprint author), Bispebjerg Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM lrpedersen@gmail.com OI Olsen, Rasmus/0000-0001-8114-365X; Holst, Jens Juul/0000-0001-6853-3805; Wisloff, Ulrik/0000-0002-7211-3587; Kjaer, Andreas/0000-0002-2706-5547 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2261 J9 BMC CARDIOVASC DISOR JI BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 13 AR 106 DI 10.1186/1471-2261-13-106 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 271XX UT WOS:000328426000003 PM 24252596 ER PT J AU Sullivan, TJ Lawrence, GB Bailey, SW McDonnell, TC Beier, CM Weathers, KC McPherson, GT Bishop, DA AF Sullivan, T. J. Lawrence, G. B. Bailey, S. W. McDonnell, T. C. Beier, C. M. Weathers, K. C. McPherson, G. T. Bishop, D. A. TI Effects of Acidic Deposition and Soil Acidification on Sugar Maple Trees in the Adirondack Mountains, New York SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; BEECH BARK DISEASE; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; CALCIUM GRADIENT; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CROWN VIGOR; NUTRITION; GROWTH AB We documented the effects of acidic atmospheric deposition and soil acidification on the canopy health, basal area increment, and regeneration of sugar maple (SM) trees across the Adirondack region of New York State, in the northeastern United States, where SM are plentiful but not well studied and where widespread depletion of soil calcium (Ca) has been documented. Sugar maple is a dominant canopy species in the Adirondack Mountain ecoregion, and it has a high demand for Ca. Trees in this region growing on soils with poor acid base chemistry (low exchangeable Ca and % base saturation [BS]) that receive relatively high levels of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition exhibited a near absence of SM seedling regeneration and lower crown vigor compared with study plots with relatively high exchangeable Ca and BS and lower levels of acidic deposition. Basal area increment averaged over the 20th century was correlated (p < 0.1) with acid base chemistry of the O-a, A, and upper B soil horizons. A lack of Adirondack SM regeneration, reduced canopy condition, and possibly decreased basal area growth over recent decades are associated with low concentrations of nutrient base cations in this region that has undergone soil Ca depletion from acidic deposition. C1 [Sullivan, T. J.; McDonnell, T. C.; McPherson, G. T.] E&S Environm Chem Inc, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. [Lawrence, G. B.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bailey, S. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Hubbard Brook Expt Stn, North Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Beier, C. M.; Bishop, D. A.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Weathers, K. C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Sullivan, TJ (reprint author), E&S Environm Chem Inc, POB 609, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM tim.sullivan@esenvironmental.com OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Environmental Monitoring, Evaluation, and Protection Program FX This research was funded by a grant from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Environmental Monitoring, Evaluation, and Protection Program, under the direction of Greg Lampman, to E&S Environmental Chemistry, Inc. Field sampling assistance was provided by M. Brand and M. Leopold. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 22 BP 12687 EP 12694 DI 10.1021/es401864w PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CI UT WOS:000327360600011 PM 24102084 ER PT J AU Xuan, RC Ashworth, DJ Wu, LS Yates, SR AF Xuan, Richeng Ashworth, Daniel J. Wu, Laosheng Yates, Scott R. TI Mitigating Iodomethane Emissions and Iodide Residues in Fumigated Soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-IODIDE; AGRICULTURAL FILMS; DEGRADATION; BROMIDE; PERMEABILITY AB Although long-regarded as an excellent soil fumigant for killing plant pests, methyl bromide (MeBr) was phased out in 2005 in the USA, because it can deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. Iodomethane (MeI) has been identified as an effective alternative to MeBr and is used in a number of countries for preplant pest control. However, MeI is highly volatile and potentially carcinogenic to humans if inhaled. In addition, iodide anions, a breakdown product of MeI, can build up in fumigated soils and potentially cause plant toxicity and contaminate groundwater via leaching. In order to overcome the above two obstacles in MeI application, a method is proposed to place reactive bags containing ammonium hydroxide solution (NH4OH) on the soil surface underneath an impermeable plastic film covering the fumigated area. Our research showed that using this approach, over 99% of the applied MeI was quantitatively transferred to iodide. Of all the resulting iodide, only 2.7% remained in the fumigated soil, and 97.3% was contained in the reactive bag that can be easily removed after fumigation. C1 [Xuan, Richeng; Ashworth, Daniel J.; Yates, Scott R.] USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Xuan, Richeng; Ashworth, Daniel J.; Wu, Laosheng] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Xuan, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salin Lab, 450 West Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM richeng.xuan@ars.usda.gov; scott.yates@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 22 BP 13047 EP 13052 DI 10.1021/es403954z PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CI UT WOS:000327360600054 PM 24151978 ER PT J AU Jiang, HJ Yu, KZ Kapczynski, DR AF Jiang, Haijun Yu, Kangzhen Kapczynski, Darrell R. TI Transcription factor regulation and cytokine expression following in vitro infection of primary chicken cell culture with low pathogenic avian influenza virus SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza virus; Chicken; Cytokine; Transcription factor ID NF-KAPPA-B; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GENE-EXPRESSION; A VIRUS; PANDEMIC H1N1; SIGNALING PATHWAY; CLEAVAGE SITE; UP-REGULATION; HONG-KONG AB Background: Avian influenza virus (AIV) induced proinflammatory cytokine expression is believed to contribute to the disease pathogenesis following infection of poultry. However, there is limited information on the avian immune response to infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV). Methods: To gain a better understanding of the early viral-host interactions of LPAIV in chickens, primary chicken embryo hepatocytes (CEH) were infected with four different LPAIVs of U.S. origin. Kinetics of virus replication, transcription factor (c-Jun, p50 and IRF-3) activation and immune response gene (IL-6, IL-1beta, IFN-alpha and Mx) expression were studied at four different time points (6, 12, 24 and 48 hours) post infection and compared to non-infected controls. Results: CEH can support growth of the tested LPAIVs when with trypsin supplementation. All four immune response genes tested were upregulated following infection as were transcription factors c-Jun, p50 and IRF-3. Amplification of these genes was dependant on virus replication (e.g. inclusion of trypsin), such that immune response genes and transcription factors were upregulated as viral titers increased. Conclusion: The results of these studies demonstrate the requirement of virus replication for innate immune regulation and broaden our understanding of transcription factor responses related to LPAIV infection in chickens. C1 [Jiang, Haijun; Kapczynski, Darrell R.] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Dis Res Unit, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Jiang, Haijun; Yu, Kangzhen] China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Minist Agr, Key Lab Zoonosis, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Haijun; Yu, Kangzhen] China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. RP Kapczynski, DR (reprint author), ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Dis Res Unit, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM darrell.kapczynski@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; ARS; CRIS [6612-32000-062] FX The authors wish to thank Cam Greene and Aniko Zsak for expert technical help. This research was supported by USDA, ARS, CRIS project 6612-32000-062. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 10 AR 342 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-10-342 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 264MH UT WOS:000327881400003 PM 24252391 ER PT J AU Bayn, A Nol, P Tisch, U Rhyan, J Elis, CK Haick, H AF Bayn, Alona Nol, Pauline Tisch, Ulrike Rhyan, Jack Elis, Christine K. Haick, Hossam TI Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Brucella abortus-Seropositive Bison SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NANOMATERIAL-BASED SENSORS; EXHALED BREATH; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBON NANOTUBES; LUNG-CANCER; NANOPARTICLES; DISEASE; ARRAYS AB Brucellosis is of great public health and economic importance worldwide. Detection of brucellosis currently relies on serologic testing of an antibody response to Brucella infection, which suffers from cross-sensitivities to other antibody responses. Here we present a new method for identifying Brucella exposure that is based on profiling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. Breath samples from Brucella-seropositive bison and controls were chemically analyzed and demonstrated statistically significant differences in the concentration profiles of five VOCs. A point-of-care device incorporating an array of nanomaterial-based sensors could identify VOC patterns indicative of Brucella exposure with excellent discriminative power, using a statistical algorithm. We show that the patterns were not affected by the animals' environment and that the discriminative power of the approach was stable over time. The Brucella-indicative VOCs and collective patterns that were identified in this pilot study could lead to the development of a novel diagnostic screening test for quickly detecting infected animals chute-side, pen-side, or even remotely in populations of free-ranging ungulates. The promising preliminary results presented encourage subsequent larger scale trials in order to further evaluate the proposed method. C1 [Bayn, Alona; Tisch, Ulrike; Haick, Hossam] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, IL-3200003 Haifa, Israel. [Bayn, Alona; Tisch, Ulrike; Haick, Hossam] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Russell Berrie Nanotechnol Inst, IL-3200003 Haifa, Israel. [Nol, Pauline; Rhyan, Jack] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Livestock Dis Invest Team, USDA, Vet Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Elis, Christine K.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Haick, H (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, IL-3200003 Haifa, Israel. EM hhossam@technion.ac.il FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1058560]; USDA; APHIS; Veterinary Services FX We thank P. Clarke, B. Frey, K. Held, M. McCollum, M. Salman, J. Springstead, T. Stoltzfus, and K. Kelly for their assistance in animal handling, sample collection, and article review. We thank also Nir Peled for support and fruitful discussion. This research received partial funding from the Grand Challenges Explorations Grant of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant ID #OPP1058560), USDA, APHIS, and Veterinary Services. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 22 BP 11146 EP 11152 DI 10.1021/ac403134f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 257CK UT WOS:000327360900073 PM 24156543 ER PT J AU Wei, W Davis, RE Nuss, DL Zhao, Y AF Wei, Wei Davis, Robert Edward Nuss, Donald L. Zhao, Yan TI Phytoplasmal infection derails genetically preprogrammed meristem fate and alters plant architecture SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE organogenesis; cauliflower-like inflorescence; sympodial growth; flower malformation; shoot proliferation ID SEQUENCE-VARIABLE MOSAICS; FLORAL ORGAN IDENTITY; MADS-BOX GENES; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; TOMATO; ARABIDOPSIS; ABNORMALITIES; EXPRESSION; PROLIFERATION; MAINTENANCE AB In the life cycle of higher plants, it is the fate of meristem cells that determines the pattern of growth and development, and therefore plant morphotype and fertility. Floral transition, the turning point from vegetative growth to reproductive development, is achieved via genetically programmed sequential changes in meristem fate from vegetative to inflorescence, and to floral, leading to flower formation and eventual seed production. The transition is rarely reversible once initiated. In this communication, we report that a bacterial infection can derail the genetically programmed fate of meristem cells, thereby drastically altering the growth pattern of the host plant. We identified four characteristic symptoms in tomato plants infected with a cell wall-less bacterium, phytoplasma. The symptoms are a manifestation of the pathogen-induced alterations of growth pattern, whereas each symptom corresponds to a distinct phase in the derailment of shoot apical meristem fate. The phases include premature floral meristem termination, suppressed floral meristem initiation, delayed conversion of vegetative meristem to inflorescence meristem, and repetitive initiation and outgrowth of lateral vegetative meristems. We further found that the pathogen-induced alterations of growth pattern were correlated with transcriptional reprogramming of key meristem switching genes. Our findings open an avenue toward understanding pathological alterations in patterns of plant growth and development, thus aiding identification of molecular targets for disease control and symptom alleviation. The findings also provide insights for understanding stem cell pluripotency and raise a tantalizing possibility for using phytoplasma as a tool to dissect the course of normal plant development and to modify plant morphogenesis by manipulating meristem fate. C1 [Wei, Wei; Davis, Robert Edward; Zhao, Yan] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nuss, Donald L.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.davis@ars.usda.gov; yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 47 BP 19149 EP 19154 DI 10.1073/pnas.1318489110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253PD UT WOS:000327100600094 PM 24191032 ER PT J AU Holt, HL Aronstein, KA Grozinger, CM AF Holt, Holly L. Aronstein, Katherine A. Grozinger, Christina M. TI Chronic parasitization by Nosema microsporidia causes global expression changes in core nutritional, metabolic and behavioral pathways in honey bee workers (Apis mellifera) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Nosema; Honey bee; Behavioral maturation; Insulin signaling pathway; Innate immunity; Chronic parasite; Nutrition; Genomics; Stress ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; JUVENILE-HORMONE; CERANAE MICROSPORIDIA; DROSOPHILA TRACHEA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SOCIAL IMMUNITY; INFECTION; PARASITE; STRESS AB Background: Chronic infections can profoundly affect the physiology, behavior, fitness and longevity of individuals, and may alter the organization and demography of social groups. Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are two microsporidian parasites which chronically infect the digestive tract of honey bees (Apis mellifera). These parasites, in addition to other stressors, have been linked to increased mortality of individual workers and colony losses in this key pollinator species. Physiologically, Nosema infection damages midgut tissue, is energetically expensive and alters expression of immune genes in worker honey bees. Infection also accelerates worker transition from nursing to foraging behavior (termed behavioral maturation). Here, using microarrays, we characterized global gene expression patterns in adult worker honey bee midgut and fat body tissue in response to Nosema infection. Results: Our results indicate that N. apis infection in young workers (1 and 2 days old) disrupts midgut development. At 2 and 7 days post-infection in the fat body tissue, N. apis drives metabolic changes consistent with energetic costs of infection. A final experiment characterizing gene expression in the fat bodies of 14 day old workers parasitized with N. apis and N. ceranae demonstrated that Nosema co-infection specifically alters conserved nutritional, metabolic and hormonal pathways, including the insulin signaling pathway, which is also linked to behavioral maturation in workers. Interestingly, in all experiments, Nosema infection did not appear to significantly regulate overall expression of canonical immune response genes, but infection did alter expression of acute immune response genes identified in a previous study. Comparative analyses suggest that changes in nutritional/metabolic processes precede changes in behavioral maturation and immune processes. Conclusions: These genome-wide studies of expression patterns can help us disentangle the direct and indirect effects of chronic infection, and understand the molecular pathways that regulate disease symptoms. C1 [Holt, Holly L.; Grozinger, Christina M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Pollinator Res, Ctr Chem Ecol,Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Aronstein, Katherine A.] USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Holt, Holly L.] Penn State Univ, Chem Ecol Lab 3A, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Holt, HL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Pollinator Res, Ctr Chem Ecol,Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hlh192@psu.edu FU University Fellowship from Pennsylvania State University; Haagan Dazs Fellowship in Honey Bee Health from the Department of Entomology at Pennsylvania State University; National Science Foundation [DGE1255832]; USDA-CAP Managed Pollinator Grant; USDA-AFRI [2009-05207] FX We would like to thank Dr. Thomas Webster for provision of Nosema spores, Bob Cox for expert beekeeping assistance, Kevin Donohue for assistance with RNA extractions, and Eduardo Saldivar for assistance with PCR and qRT-PCR verification of Nosema infection and candidate gene expression levels. HLH was supported by a University Fellowship from Pennsylvania State University and the Haagan Dazs Fellowship in Honey Bee Health from the Department of Entomology at Pennsylvania State University. This material is also based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DGE1255832 to HLH. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This research was also supported by the USDA-CAP Managed Pollinator Grant to KAA and CMG and additional funding from USDA-AFRI (2009-05207) to C.M.G. NR 87 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 10 U2 56 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 14 AR 799 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-14-799 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 274YI UT WOS:000328641700002 PM 24245482 ER PT J AU Joyner, C Mills, MK Nayduch, D AF Joyner, Chester Mills, Mary Katherine Nayduch, Dana TI Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Musca domestica L.: Temporospatial Examination of Bacteria Population Dynamics and House Fly Antimicrobial Responses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AEROMONAS-CAVIAE; DIGESTIVE-TRACT; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HOST-DEFENSE; DROSOPHILA; INFECTION; PEPTIDE; EXPRESSION; DIPTERA; FATE AB House flies associate with microbes throughout their life history. Bacteria ingested by adult flies enter the alimentary canal and face a hostile environment including antimicrobial defenses. Because the outcome of this interaction impacts bacterial survival and dissemination, our primary objective was to understand the temporospatial dynamics of fly-bacteria associations. We concurrently examined the temporospatial fate of GFP-expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GFP-P. aeruginosa) in the house fly alimentary canal along with antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression. Motile, viable GFP-P. aeruginosa were found in all regions of the alimentary canal and were culturable throughout the observation period (2-24 h). A significant decrease in recoverable bacteria occurred between 2 and 12 h, followed by an increase between 12 and 24 h. qRT-PCR analysis showed expression of the AMPs cecropin, diptericin, and defensin both locally (gut) and systemically. Furthermore, mRNA of all AMPs were expressed throughout gut tissues, with some tissue-specific temporal variation. Interestingly, fluctuation in recoverable P. aeruginosa was associated with AMP protein expression in the gut (immunofluorescent signal detection), but not with mRNA (qRTPCR). In regards to vector competence, flies excreted GFP-P. aeruginosa throughout the 24 h period, serving as both reservoirs and disseminators of this bacterium. Collectively, our data show flies can harbor and disseminate P. aeruginosa, and that the interactions of fly defenses with bacteria can influence vector competence. C1 [Joyner, Chester; Mills, Mary Katherine; Nayduch, Dana] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Nayduch, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. EM dana.nayduch@ars.usda.gov FU National Institutes of Health [1R15AI084029-01]; Chandler Foundation; University Honors Program at Georgia Southern University FX This work was supported by R15 Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA) 1R15AI084029-01 from the National Institutes of Health awarded to DN. Additional support was awarded to CJ from the Chandler Foundation and University Honors Program at Georgia Southern University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79224 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079224 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 256KH UT WOS:000327308500037 PM 24260174 ER PT J AU Carrejo, N Diaz, AE Woodley, NE AF Carrejo, Nancy Diaz, Ana E. Woodley, Norman E. TI A new species of Lixophaga Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Colombia, a parasitoid of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Tachinidae; Lixophaga puscolulo; new species; Neotropical Region ID DIATRAEAE AB A new species of Lixophaga Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Colombia, Lixophaga puscolulo Carrejo & Woodley, sp. nov., is described and illustrated. It is a parasitoid of the tomato fruit borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an insect pest of Solanum quitoense Lam., in Colombia. Aspects of its biology are briefly discussed. C1 [Carrejo, Nancy] Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Cali 25630, Colombia. [Diaz, Ana E.] CORPOICA, La Selva, Rionegro Antioq, Colombia. [Woodley, Norman E.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst NHB 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst NHB 168, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nancy.carrejo@correounivalle.edu.co; aediaz@corpoica.org.co; norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 FU Regional Fund for Agricultural Technology (FONTAGRO) FX Many thanks to the Regional Fund for Agricultural Technology (FONTAGRO) for funding this study; to research assistants Mr. Gilberto Higuinio and Mr. Manuel Hincapie (Corpoica, La Selva Research Station); to student Mrs. Bibiana Villada (Universidad Catolica de Oriente (UCO), Rionegro, Antioquia) for the collecting of L. puscolulo in the field and its rearing in the laboratory, and for kindly providing the wonderful photos in Figs. 11-14; to Dr. William H. White (USDA-ARS Sugarcane Research Unit) for the loan of specimens of Lixophaga diatraeae used in this study for comparison with L. puscolulo. We are grateful to Dr. D. M. Wood for discussion about the taxonomy of Lixophaga. Special thanks to Dr. Takumasa Kondo for translating the text originally written in Spanish, and for reviewing the manuscript. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 3737 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 267VO UT WOS:000328126600005 PM 25112737 ER PT J AU McCormick, S AF McCormick, Sheila TI Pollen SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN; TUBES C1 [McCormick, Sheila] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94720 USA. EM sheilamc@berkeley.edu OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 EI 1879-0445 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 23 IS 22 BP R988 EP R990 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 257VX UT WOS:000327417000004 PM 24262831 ER PT J AU He, JS Meyer-Hermann, M Deng, XY Zuan, LY Jones, LA Ramakrishna, L de Vries, VC Dolpady, J Aina, H Joseph, S Narayanan, S Subramaniam, S Puthia, M Wong, G Xiong, HZ Poidinger, M Urban, JF Lafaille, JJ de Lafaille, MAC AF He, Jin-Shu Meyer-Hermann, Michael Deng Xiangying Zuan, Lim Yok Jones, Leigh Ann Ramakrishna, Lakshmi de Vries, Victor C. Dolpady, Jayashree Aina, Hoi Joseph, Sabrina Narayanan, Sriram Subramaniam, Sharrada Puthia, Manoj Wong, Glenn Xiong, Huizhong Poidinger, Michael Urban, Joseph F. Lafaille, Juan J. de lafaille, Maria A. Curotto TI The distinctive germinal center phase of IgE(+) B lymphocytes limits their contribution to the classical memory response SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-FORMING-CELLS; SWITCH CIRCULAR DNA; FC-EPSILON-RI; IN-VIVO; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; AFFINITY MATURATION; SECRETING CELLS; PLASMA-CELLS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; SELECTION AB The mechanisms involved in the maintenance of memory IgE responses are poorly understood, and the role played by germinal center (GC) IgE(+) cells in memory responses is particularly unclear. IgE(+) B cell differentiation is characterized by a transient GC phase, a bias toward the plasma cell (PC) fate, and dependence on sequential switching for the production of high-affinity IgE. We show here that IgE(+) GC B cells are unfit to undergo the conventional GC differentiation program due to impaired B cell receptor function and increased apoptosis. IgE(+) GC cells fail to populate the GC light zone and are unable to contribute to the memory and long-lived PC compartments. Furthermore, we demonstrate that direct and sequential switching are linked to distinct B cell differentiation fates: direct switching generates IgE(+) GC cells, whereas sequential switching gives rise to IgE(+) PCs. We propose a comprehensive model for the generation and memory of IgE responses. C1 [He, Jin-Shu; Deng Xiangying; Zuan, Lim Yok; Jones, Leigh Ann; Ramakrishna, Lakshmi; de Vries, Victor C.; Aina, Hoi; Joseph, Sabrina; Narayanan, Sriram; Subramaniam, Sharrada; Puthia, Manoj; Wong, Glenn; Poidinger, Michael; de lafaille, Maria A. Curotto] ASTAR, Singapore Immunol Network SIgN, Singapore 138648, Singapore. [Meyer-Hermann, Michael] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Dept Syst Immunol, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. [Meyer-Hermann, Michael] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Dept Life Sci, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. [Dolpady, Jayashree; Xiong, Huizhong; Lafaille, Juan J.; de lafaille, Maria A. Curotto] NYU, Sch Med, Skirball Inst, Kimmel Ctr Biol & Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Dolpady, Jayashree; Xiong, Huizhong; Lafaille, Juan J.; de lafaille, Maria A. Curotto] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Urban, Joseph F.] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP de Lafaille, MAC (reprint author), ASTAR, Singapore Immunol Network SIgN, Singapore 138648, Singapore. EM maria_lafaille@immunol.a-star.edu.sg OI Narayanan, Sriram/0000-0002-6484-2800; Xiong, Huizhong/0000-0002-1043-1627; Poidinger, Michael/0000-0002-1047-2277; Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU Bundesministeriums fur Bildung und Forschung GerontoSys initiative; Human Frontier Science Program; SIgN-A*STAR core fund; B. Levine scholarship FX H. Xiong received a B. Levine scholarship. M. Meyer-Hermann was supported by the Bundesministeriums fur Bildung und Forschung GerontoSys initiative and by the Human Frontier Science Program. Work in the M.A. Curotto de Lafaille laboratory is funded by SIgN-A*STAR core fund. NR 62 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 EI 1540-9538 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 210 IS 12 BP 2755 EP 2771 DI 10.1084/jem.20131539 PG 17 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 258GF UT WOS:000327446600019 PM 24218137 ER PT J AU Urgenson, LS Halpern, CB Anderson, PD AF Urgenson, Lauren S. Halpern, Charles B. Anderson, Paul D. TI Level and pattern of overstory retention influence rates and forms of tree mortality in mature, coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aggregated retention; Dispersed retention; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Structural retention; Tree death; Windthrow ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; COASTAL MONTANE FORESTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; VARIABLE-RETENTION; STRUCTURAL RETENTION; VARYING LEVELS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LONG-TERM; SILVICULTURAL IMPLICATIONS; ELEVATED MORTALITY AB Mortality of retained trees can compromise the ecological objectives of variable-retention harvest. We used a large-scale experiment replicated at six locations in western Washington and Oregon to examine the influences of retention level (40% vs. 15% of original basal area) and its spatial pattern (aggregated vs. dispersed) on the rate and form of tree mortality for 11-12 years following harvest. Cumulative mortality of conifers was greater at lower levels of retention and in dispersed treatments a result common to most seral groups and canopy strata. The greatest losses, averaging 18% of stems, occurred at low levels of dispersed retention. Mortality peaked in the first year in dispersed treatments and at low levels of aggregated retention, then rates declined to levels comparable to the controls (similar to 0.8% of stems/year). Harvest-related bole damage common in the dispersed treatments did not increase risk of mortality. Standing dead accounted for most mortality at greater levels of retention, but uprooting was nearly as common at lower retention particularly in dispersed treatments. Forest aggregates (1 ha in size) did not exhibit greater overall mortality than controls. In fact, at 40% retention, mortality rates were reduced in the aggregates due to greater survival of late-seral and suppressed stems, presumably a response to edge creation and increased resource supply. Although cumulative mortality was no higher at 15% retention, larger harvest-unit openings and greater exposure of aggregates resulted in greater uprooting among dead trees. Current standards and guidelines for retention harvests on federal lands in the Pacific Northwest require a minimum of 15% retention within each harvest unit, with 70% of this distributed in aggregates of >= 0.2 ha. Our results suggest that these minimum standards lead to greater risk of tree mortality in dispersed settings and to elevated rates of uprooting regardless of pattern, potentially compromising the objectives of live-tree retention. However, with larger (1-ha) aggregates and moderate levels of retention, managers have considerable flexibility in implementing variable retention without risk of excessive mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Urgenson, Lauren S.; Halpern, Charles B.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anderson, Paul D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Urgenson, LS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lsu@uw.edu FU USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station FX We thank our many field assistants and Shelley Evans, in particular, for data collection. Gody Spycher aided with database management. For logistical assistance we thank Rick Abbott, Dave Allaway, Richard Bigley, Pete Holmberg, Jim Hotvedt, Jon Nakae, Ed Tompkins, and Jim White. We appreciate the comments of three anonymous reviewers. This is a product of the Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) Study, a joint effort of the USDA Forest Service Region 6 and Pacific Northwest Research Station. Research partners include the University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Oregon, Gifford Pinchot and Umpqua National Forests, and the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/rmp/demo/). Funds were provided by the USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station. NR 95 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 308 BP 116 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.021 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 273GB UT WOS:000328522200012 ER PT J AU Aakala, T Fraver, S D'Amato, AW Palik, BJ AF Aakala, Tuomas Fraver, Shawn D'Amato, Anthony W. Palik, Brian J. TI Influence of competition and age on tree growth in structurally complex old-growth forests in northern Minnesota, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest dynamics; Natural forest; Pinus resinosa; Pinus strobus; Mixed effects model; Multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; INDEXES; STANDS; SIZE; LIGHT; AREA; INTENSITY; INCREMENT; GRADIENTS AB Factors influencing tree growth in structurally complex forests remain poorly understood. Here we assessed the influence of competition on Pinus resinosa (n = 224) and Pinus strobus (n = 90) growth in four old-growth stands in Minnesota, using mixed effects models. A subset of trees, with accurate age estimates, was used to further test the influence of tree age. Our analyses included the weighted Voronoi diagram (WVD) as a novel competition index, representing a detailed description of the spatial structure of a tree's neighborhood. Competition was variably expressed depending on stand developmental history and tree species. For P. resinosa in single-cohort stands, and P. strobus in multi-cohort stands, tree size relative to the population mean size best predicted tree growth. In contrast, for P. resinosa in multi-cohort stands, the spatial configuration of competitors became important, as shown by the superior performance of the WVD index. Surprisingly, while tree age had a negative influence on growth, it did not influence the intensity of competition. Our results highlight the importance of considering stand developmental history and tree age in analyses of tree growth and competition, and the potential for improving assessments of competition in complex stands, using detailed quantification of neighborhood structure. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aakala, Tuomas; Fraver, Shawn; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Aakala, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM tuomas.aakala@helsinki.fi OI Aakala, Tuomas/0000-0003-0160-6410 FU Finnish Cultural Foundation; Academy of Finland; (US) National Fire Plan; US Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX We thank B. Anderson, J. Bradford, M. Curzon, S. Erlandson, J. Foster, C. Kerns, S. Jones, A. Milo, L. Patty, C. Peterson, D. Shinneman, K. Sweeney, M. Thompson, H. Telschow, D. Wenker, and J. Zasoski for assistance in the field and/or laboratory. D. Coomes and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and L. Mu for sharing the multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram computer program. Support was provided by the Finnish Cultural Foundation, the Academy of Finland, (US) National Fire Plan and US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 308 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.057 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 273GB UT WOS:000328522200013 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Jensen, NR Domke, GM D'Amato, AW AF Bradford, John B. Jensen, Nicholas R. Domke, Grant M. D'Amato, Anthony W. TI Potential increases in natural disturbance rates could offset forest management impacts on ecosystem carbon stocks SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest inventory; Harvest intensity; Simulation; Carbon pools; Superior National Forest ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; INVENTORY DATA; UNITED-STATES; SOIL CARBON; TEMPERATE FORESTS; LAKE STATES; STORAGE; USA; HARVEST AB Forested ecosystems contain the majority of the world's terrestrial carbon, and forest management has implications for regional and global carbon cycling. Carbon stored in forests changes with stand age and is affected by natural disturbance and timber harvesting. We examined how harvesting and disturbance interact to influence forest carbon stocks over the Superior National Forest, in northern Minnesota. Forest inventory data from the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis program were used to characterize current forest age structure and quantify the relationship between age and carbon stocks for eight forest types. Using these findings, we simulated the impact of alternative management scenarios and natural disturbance rates on forest-wide terrestrial carbon stocks over a 100-year horizon. Under low natural mortality, forest-wide total ecosystem carbon stocks increased when 0% or 40% of planned harvests were implemented; however, the majority of forest-wide carbon stocks decreased with greater harvest levels and elevated disturbance rates. Our results suggest that natural disturbance has the potential to exert stronger influence on forest carbon stocks than timber harvesting activities and that maintaining carbon stocks over the long-term may prove difficult if disturbance frequency increases in response to climate change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bradford, John B.] Univ Arizona, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, USGS, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Jensen, Nicholas R.; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Domke, Grant M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, USGS, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM jbradford@usgs.gov RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; OI Domke, Grant/0000-0003-0485-0355 NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 308 BP 178 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.042 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 273GB UT WOS:000328522200019 ER PT J AU Savage, JA Ribaudo, MO AF Savage, Jeff A. Ribaudo, Marc O. TI Impact of environmental policies on the adoption of manure management practices in the Chesapeake Bay watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Best management practices; Nutrient management; Adoption; Chesapeake Bay TMDL; Animal feeding operation ID FARMERS; QUALITY; AGRICULTURE AB Pollution in the Chesapeake Bay is a problem and has been a focus of federal and state initiatives to reduce nutrient pollution from agriculture and other sources since 1983. In 2010 EPA established a TMDL for the watershed. Producers may voluntarily respond to intense and focused policy scrutiny by adopting best management practices. A detailed analysis of water quality best management practices by animal feeding operations inside and outside the watershed yield insight into this relationship. Our findings support the hypothesis that farmers will adopt water quality measures if links are made clear and there is an expectation of future regulations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Savage, Jeff A.; Ribaudo, Marc O.] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Savage, JA (reprint author), ERS, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave,SW,Mail Stop 1800, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jsavage@ers.usda.gov; mribaudo@ers.usda.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 129 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.06.039 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 264TR UT WOS:000327904400017 PM 23916836 ER PT J AU Yemshanov, D Koch, FH Ducey, MJ Siltanen, M Wilson, K Koehler, K AF Yemshanov, Denys Koch, Frank H. Ducey, Mark J. Siltanen, Marty Wilson, Kirsty Koehler, Klaus TI Exploring critical uncertainties in pathway assessments of human-assisted introductions of alien forest species in Canada SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pathway model; Sensitivity analysis; Alien forest pests; Transportation network; Human-mediated pathways; Species arrival rate ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NETWORK ANALYSIS; COMPLEX NETWORK; PLANT INVASIONS; DISEASE SPREAD; NORTH-AMERICA; TRADE; TRANSPORT; MODELS AB Long-distance introductions of alien species are often driven by socioeconomic factors, such that conventional "biological" invasion models may not be capable of estimating spread fully and reliably. In this study, we demonstrate a new technique for assessing and reconstructing human-mediated pathways of alien forest species entries to major settlements in Canada via commercial road transportation and domestic trade. We undertook our analysis in three steps. First, we used existing data on movement of commodities associated with bark- and wood-boring forest pests to build a probabilistic model of how the organisms may be moved from one location to another through a transportation network. We then used this model to generate multiple sets of predictions of species arrival rates at every location in the transportation network, and to identify the locations with the highest likelihood of new incursions. Finally, we evaluated the sensitivity of the species arrival rates to uncertainty in key model assumptions by testing the impact of additive and multiplicative errors (by respectively adding a uniform random variate or symmetric variation bounds to the arrival rate values) on the probabilities of pest transmission from one location to another, as well as the impact of the removal of one or more nodes and all connecting links to other nodes from the underlying transportation network. Overall, the identification of potential pest arrival hotspots is moderately robust to uncertainties in key modeling assumptions. Large urban areas and major border crossings that have the highest predicted species arrival rates have the lowest sensitivities to uncertainty in the pest transmission potential and to random changes in the structure of the transportation network. The roadside survey data appears to be sufficient to delineate major hubs and hotspots where pests are likely to arrive from other locations in the network via commercial truck transport. However, "pass-through" locations with few incoming and outgoing routes can be identified with lower precision. The arrival rates of alien forest pests appear to be highly sensitive to additive errors. Surprisingly, the impact of random changes in the structure of the transportation network was relatively low. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yemshanov, Denys; Siltanen, Marty; Wilson, Kirsty] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Koch, Frank H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Koehler, Klaus] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y9, Canada. RP Yemshanov, D (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St East, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM dyemshan@nrcan.gc.ca; fhkoch@fs.fed.us; mjducey@cisunix.unh.edu; msiltane@nrcan.gc.ca; kwilson@nrcan.gc.ca; koehlerk@inspection.gc.ca RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016; OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 FU interdepartmental NRCan - CFIA Forest Invasive Alien Species initiative; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program [2010-85605-20584]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture FX The participation of Denys Yemshanov was supported by interdepartmental NRCan - CFIA Forest Invasive Alien Species initiative. The participation of Mark Ducey was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program Grant No. 2010-85605-20584 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 129 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.07.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 264TR UT WOS:000327904400021 PM 23927853 ER PT J AU Dale, LM Thewis, A Boudry, C Rotar, I Pacurar, FS Abbas, O Dardenne, P Baeten, V Pfister, J Pierna, JAF AF Dale, Laura M. Thewis, Andre Boudry, Christelle Rotar, Ioan Pacurar, Florin S. Abbas, Ouissam Dardenne, Pierre Baeten, Vincent Pfister, James Pierna, Juan A. Fernandez TI Discrimination of grassland species and their classification in botanical families by laboratory scale NIR hyperspectral imaging: Preliminary results SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral imaging NIR; Discriminant analyses; Distinct grassland species; Toxic species ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; QUALITY; QUANTIFICATION; CHEMOMETRICS; FOOD AB The objective of this study was to discriminate by a NIR line scan hyperspectral imaging, taxonomic plant families comprised of different grassland species. Plants were collected from semi-natural meadows of the National Apuseni Park, Apuseni Mountains, Garda area (Romania) according to botanical families. Chemometric tools such as PLS-DA were used to discriminate distinct grassland species, and assign the different species to botanical families. Species within the Poacea family and other Botanical families could be distinguished (R-2=0.91 and 0.90, respectively) with greater accuracy than those species in the Fabacea family (R-2=0.60). A correct classification rate of 99% was obtained in the assignment of the various species to the proper family. Moreover a complete study based on wavelength selection has been performed in order to identify the chemical compound related to each botanical family and therefore to the possible toxicity of the plant. This work could be considered as a first step for the development of a complete procedure for the detection and quantification of possible toxic species in semi-natural meadows used by grazing animals. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dale, Laura M.; Thewis, Andre; Boudry, Christelle] Univ Liege, Anim Sci Unit, Gembloux Agrobio Tech, B-5030 Namur, Belgium. [Dale, Laura M.; Rotar, Ioan; Pacurar, Florin S.] Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med Cluj, Forage Crops Unit, Cluj Napoca, Romania. [Abbas, Ouissam; Dardenne, Pierre; Baeten, Vincent; Pierna, Juan A. Fernandez] Walloon Agr Res Ctr, Valorisat Agr Prod Dept, Gembloux, Belgium. [Pfister, James] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Dale, LM (reprint author), Univ Liege, Anim Sci Unit, Gembloux Agrobio Tech, B-5030 Namur, Belgium. EM dale_lm@yahoo.com OI Abbas, Ouissam/0000-0003-4329-358X FU Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liege; USAMV Cluj Napoca FX The authors would like to acknowledge Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liege and USAMV Cluj Napoca for their financial support, to Walloon Agricultural Research Centre in Gembloux, Belgium, for scientific support and advice and to Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory in Logan, Utah, USA for scientific advice. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 EI 1873-3573 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 116 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 268MW UT WOS:000328176000023 PM 24148386 ER PT J AU Zhang, QZ Xu, DH Klesius, PH AF Zhang, Qizhong Xu, De-Hai Klesius, Phillip H. TI Evaluation of an antiparasitic compound extracted from Galla chinensis against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE khthyophthirius multifiliis; Pentagalloylglucose; Antiparasitic effect; Acute toxicity; Antiparasitic mechanism; Galla chinensis ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MALACHITE GREEN; CHANNEL CATFISH; POTASSIUM-PERMANGANATE; COPPER-SULFATE; SALMONID FARMS; ACUTE TOXICITY; THERONTS AB Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) is an important ectoparasitic ciliate that parasitizes gills and skin of freshwater fish resulting in massive mortality of fish. Currently there is no chemotherapeutant available to treat Ich effectively and economically. There is an urgent need to discover effective and safe parasiticides to control ichthyophthiriasis. In this study, anti-lch efficacy of pentagalloylglucose, a compound extracted from the plant Galla chinensis was evaluated and the toxicity of the compound on channel catfish was determined. Pentagalloylglucose can kill all theronts at concentrations of 2.5-20 mg/L during 5.6-233.9 min and terminate reproduction of tomonts at 40 mg/L. Pentagalloylglucose significantly reduced infective ability of theronts at 1, 2 and 5 mg/L. The survival of naive channel catfish was 70% when treated with 10 mg/L and 100% when treated with 20 mg/L of pentagalloylglucose. For Ich infected catfish, the survival was 53.3% when treated with 10 mg/L and 93.3% when treated with 20 mg/L of pentagalloylglucose. Pentagalloylglucose at 20 mg/L was effective for treating Ich infected catfish or preventing naive catfish from Ich infestation. Median lethal concentration of the compound to catfish was 151.3 mg/L, which was 5 times the median effective concentration (30.5 mg/L) for killing tomonts. The compound killed Ich by destroying the plasma membrane of the parasite. The result demonstrated pentagalloylglucose as a safe, effective potential parasiticide against I. multifiliis. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Qizhong] Jinan Univ, Engn Res Ctr Trop & Subtrop Aquat Ecol Engn, Key Lab Aquat Eutrophicat & Control Harmful Algal, Guangdong Higher Educ Inst,Minst Educ,Inst Hydrob, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Xu, De-Hai; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Zhang, QZ (reprint author), Jinan Univ, Engn Res Ctr Trop & Subtrop Aquat Ecol Engn, Key Lab Aquat Eutrophicat & Control Harmful Algal, Guangdong Higher Educ Inst,Minst Educ,Inst Hydrob, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM zhangqzdr@126.com; dehai.xu@ars.usda.gov FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2011AA10A216-2]; Guangzhou Science and Technology Project [2013J4100047] FX This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (no. 2011AA10A216-2) and Guangzhou Science and Technology Project (no. 2013J4100047). The authors thank Dr. Victor Panangala, USDA, ARS, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama for critical reviews of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.019 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 264VR UT WOS:000327909600006 PM 24070778 ER PT J AU Domingues, LN Guerrero, FD Becker, ME Alison, MW Foil, LD AF Domingues, Luisa N. Guerrero, Felix D. Becker, Michael E. Alison, Montgomery W. Foil, Lane D. TI Discovery of the Rdl mutation in association with a cyclodiene resistant population of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insecticide resistance; Resistance to dieldrin (Rdl); Endosulfan; GABA receptor; Target site; Horn fly ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FEMALE ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; AN-STEPHENSI MOSQUITOS; HCH DIELDRIN RESISTANT; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; CROSS-RESISTANCE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GERMAN-COCKROACH; FIPRONIL; FLY AB The horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans, is an obligate blood-feeding parasite of cattle that causes significant economic impact in many countries. We investigated the resistance of a horn fly population from Louisiana/USA to endosulfan, a cyclodiene insecticide. Bioassays were performed in 2010 and 2011 in order to determine the resistance ratio of the population to endosulfan and a PCR assay was developed to detect the Rdl mutation which is the replacement of an alanine with a serine at the GABA receptor locus that has been associated with resistance to cyclodienes in other insect species. Endosulfan tags had provided 8 weeks of effective control in 2010 but only 1 week in 2011. After only one summer (June-September/2010) of exposure to the endosulfan tagged cattle, there was a significant increase in the resistance ratio for endosulfan in the fly population. Most flies surveyed by the PCR diagnostic assay were homozygous susceptible at the Rdl locus, the resistant (R) allele was mainly present in the heterozygous state and there was no difference in the frequency of the R allele between female and male flies. After the first year's exposure of the horn flies to the endosulfan tags, the frequency of the R allele increased significantly. However, after one year without endosulfan treatment (2011-2012), the frequency of the R allele significantly dropped. These results indicate that target site resistance was responsible, at least in part, for the resistance and that a fitness cost is possibly associated with the Rdl mutation. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Domingues, Luisa N.; Becker, Michael E.; Foil, Lane D.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Guerrero, Felix D.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Alison, Montgomery W.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Northeast Res Stn, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. RP Foil, LD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, 404 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM LFoil@agcenter.lsu.edu FU CNPq/LABEX Embrapa, Brazil [202028/2011-9]; USDA-ARS Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Research Laboratory CRIS Project [6205-32000-031-00] FX We thank Lacy Inmon, Kylie Bendele and William Hilbun for technical assistance. LND acknowledges funding support from CNPq/LABEX Embrapa, Brazil (Project Number 202028/2011-9). FDG acknowledges funding support from the USDA-ARS Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Research Laboratory CRIS Project Number 6205-32000-031-00. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.023 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 264VR UT WOS:000327909600023 PM 24055107 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Philipp, D Coffey, KP Hardin, LA Bass, AE Young, AN Rhein, RT Coblentz, WK AF Caldwell, J. D. Philipp, D. Coffey, K. P. Hardin, L. A. Bass, A. E. Young, A. N. Rhein, R. T. Coblentz, W. K. TI Intake and digestibility by sheep, in situ disappearance in cannulated cows, and chemical composition of crabgrass hayed at two moisture concentrations and treated with a non-viable Lactobacillus-lactic acid additive SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crabgrass; Forage chemical composition; Hay additive ID NUTRITIVE-VALUE; ALFALFA HAY; BERMUDAGRASS HAY; STORAGE; QUALITY; NITROGEN; KINETICS; BALES; FIBER AB Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris [Retz.] Koel.) is a high-quality warm-season annual that can be used as hay, but field curing time may be lengthy compared with other forages. A 1.6-ha field of common crabgrass was divided into 12 plots (8.25 m x 50 m) that were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangement to determine the effects of a non-viable Lactobacillus lactic acid additive and moisture concentration at baling on heating characteristics and pre- and post-storage chemical composition. Half of the plots within each block were treated with 0.081 ml/mg dry matter (DM) of a solution containing 110 g lactic acid/kg and non-viable Lactobacillus acidophilus at the time of mowing (T) and half were not treated (U). Within T and U plots, half were baled in small square bales at 163 g moisture/l0.05) by either treatment, but DM digestibility and digestible DM intake were both positively affected (P<0.05) by the spray treatment. In addition, DM digestibility was also affected (P<0.05) by moisture, with H>L. In situ DM disappearance was largely affected by spray treatment x moisture interactions (P<0.05). The immediate soluble fraction and effective ruminal disappearance were greater (P<0.05), and the undegraded portion in the rumen was less (P<0.05) for HT compared to HU, indicating a positive relationship between applied spray treatment and digestibility of high-moisture crabgrass. Treating crabgrass with the additive at mowing may not affect forage chemical composition, but may improve digestibility in hay baled at elevated moisture levels. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Caldwell, J. D.; Philipp, D.; Coffey, K. P.; Hardin, L. A.; Bass, A. E.; Young, A. N.; Rhein, R. T.] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Coblentz, W. K.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Philipp, D (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, AFLS B114, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM dphilipp@uark.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 EI 1873-2216 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.09.002 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 254MD UT WOS:000327168900004 ER PT J AU Li, L Yuan, H AF Li, Li Yuan, Hui TI Chromoplast biogenesis and carotenoid accumulation SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Chromoplast biogenesis; Carotenoid accumulation; Metabolic sink ID LYCOPENE EPSILON-CYCLASE; TOMATO FRUIT CHROMOPLASTS; OUTER ENVELOPE MEMBRANE; FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; L. VAR. BOTRYTIS; BETA-CAROTENE; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; POTATO-TUBERS AB Chromoplasts are special organelles that possess superior ability to synthesize and store massive amounts of carotenoids. They are responsible for the distinctive colors found in fruits, flowers, and roots. Chromoplasts exhibit various morphologies and are derived from either pre-existing chloroplasts or other non-photosynthetic plastids such as proplastids, leucoplasts or amyloplasts. While little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying chromoplast biogenesis, research progress along with proteomics study of chromoplast proteomes signifies various processes and factors important for chromoplast differentiation and development. Chromoplasts act as a metabolic sink that enables great biosynthesis and high storage capacity of carotenoids. The formation of chromoplasts enhances carotenoid metabolic sink strength and controls carotenoid accumulation in plants. The objective of this review is to provide an integrated view on our understanding of chromoplast biogenesis and carotenoid accumulation in plants. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ll37@cornell.edu RI Yuan, Hui/H-6723-2016 FU BARD [US-4423-11]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund; USDA-ARS base fund FX The authors are grateful to many colleagues and collaborators for their contribution to this research. We thank Dr. Yaakov Tadmor, Dr. Joseph Burger, and Mr. Noam Chayut for sharing their unpublished data and Ms. Tara Fish for carefully reading the manuscript. This work was partially supported by grant No. US-4423-11 of BARD, the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, and by the USDA-ARS base fund. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 138 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 10 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 EI 1096-0384 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 539 IS 2 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.002 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 250ND UT WOS:000326858600002 PM 23851381 ER PT J AU Mayne, ST Cartmel, B Scarmo, S Jahns, L Ermakov, IV Gellermann, W AF Mayne, Susan T. Cartmel, Brenda Scarmo, Stephanie Jahns, Lisa Ermakov, Igor V. Gellermann, Werner TI Resonance Raman spectroscopic evaluation of skin carotenoids as a biomarker of carotenoid status for human studies SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Carotenoids; Skin; Resonance Raman spectroscopy; Beta-carotene; Biomarker ID LIGHT-INDUCED ERYTHEMA; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; BETA-CAROTENE; VEGETABLE INTAKE; HUMAN RETINA; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; PLASMA CAROTENOIDS; DERMAL CAROTENOIDS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL AB Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) is a non-invasive method that has been developed to assess carotenoid status in human tissues including human skin in vivo. Skin carotenoid status has been suggested as a promising biomarker for human studies. This manuscript describes research done relevant to the development of this biomarker, including its reproducibility, validity, feasibility for use in field settings, and factors that affect the biomarker such as diet, smoking, and adiposity. Recent studies have evaluated the response of the biomarker to controlled carotenoid interventions, both supplement-based and dietary [e.g., provision of a high-carotenoid fruit and vegetable (F/V)-enriched diet], demonstrating consistent response to intervention. The totality of evidence supports the use of skin carotenoid status as an objective biomarker of F/V intake, although in the cross-sectional setting, diet explains only some of the variation in this biomarker. However, this limitation is also a strength in that skin carotenoids may effectively serve as an integrated biomarker of health, with higher status reflecting greater F/V intake, lack of smoking, and lack of adiposity. Thus, this biomarker holds promise as both a health biomarker and an objective indicator of F/V intake, supporting its further development and utilization for medical and public health purposes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mayne, Susan T.; Cartmel, Brenda; Scarmo, Stephanie] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Mayne, Susan T.; Cartmel, Brenda; Scarmo, Stephanie] Yale Canc Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Scarmo, Stephanie] Ctr Sci Publ Interest, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Jahns, Lisa] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Ermakov, Igor V.; Gellermann, Werner] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Mayne, ST (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St,POB 208034, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM susan.mayne@yale.edu; brenda.cartmel@yale.edu; sscarmo@cspinet.org; lisa.jahns@ars.usda.gov; ermakov@physics.utah.edu; werner@physics.utah.edu OI Jahns, Lisa/0000-0002-1828-6962 FU National Cancer Institute [R01 CA96838]; National Institutes of Health; National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health [R01 EY-11600]; USDA/Agricultural Research Service [USDA 5450-51000-049-00D] FX We wish to thank the participants in our numerous human studies. Some of the research described in this review was supported by an R01 CA96838 grant from the National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health. Additional support was provided by an R01 EY-11600 grant from the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health; and The USDA/Agricultural Research Service, USDA 5450-51000-049-00D. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA or the Agricultural Research Service, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the U.S. government. NR 78 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 EI 1096-0384 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 539 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2013.06.007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 250ND UT WOS:000326858600009 PM 23823930 ER PT J AU Lepczyk, CA Conant, S Duffy, D Bird, DM Calver, M Duval, FP Hutchins, M Lohr, CA Loyd, KA Marra, PP Pitt, WC Sizemore, G Sprague, R Temple, SA van Heezik, Y Wallace, G AF Lepczyk, Christopher A. Conant, Sheila Duffy, David Bird, David M. Calver, Michael Duval, Fern P. Hutchins, Michael Lohr, Cheryl A. Loyd, Kerrie Anne Marra, Peter P. Pitt, William C. Sizemore, Grant Sprague, Rachel Temple, Stanley A. van Heezik, Yolanda Wallace, George TI Feral cat management SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID WILDLIFE C1 [Duffy, David] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Pacif Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bird, David M.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, North Saanich, BC, Canada. [Calver, Michael] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Loyd, Kerrie Anne] Arizona State Univ, Coll Lake Havasu, Life Sci Fac Ecol, Lake Havasu City, AZ USA. [Marra, Peter P.] Inst Biol, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Pitt, William C.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS Wildlife Serv, Hawaii Field Stn, Hilo, HI USA. [Sizemore, Grant] Amer Bird Conservancy, Washington, DC USA. [Sprague, Rachel] Hawaii Chapter Wildlife Soc, Honolulu, HI USA. [Temple, Stanley A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. [van Heezik, Yolanda] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Wallace, George] Amer Bird Conservancy, Plains, VA USA. OI Calver, Michael/0000-0001-9082-2902 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 EI 1943-569X J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 243 IS 10 BP 1391 EP 1392 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 249HQ UT WOS:000326768700001 PM 24171365 ER PT J AU Jirsa, D Salze, GP Barrows, FT Davis, DA Drawbridge, M AF Jirsa, Dave Salze, Guillaume P. Barrows, Frederic T. Davis, D. Allen Drawbridge, Mark TI First-limiting amino acids in soybean-based diets for white seabass Atractoscion nobilis SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Taurine; Methionine; Soy protein; Fish meal replacement ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BREAM PAGRUS-MAJOR; JUVENILE RED DRUM; FISH-MEAL DIET; RAINBOW-TROUT; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; PLANT-PROTEINS; TAURINE; SUPPLEMENTATION; REPLACEMENT AB The present study aims to identify the limiting amino acids in low fish meal, soy-based diets in juvenile white seabass. Two 8-week trials were conducted. The first trial evaluated three diets containing 36, 18 and 9% fish meal in the diet (FM36, FM18, FM9, respectively), with the last two diets being supplemented with methionine and taurine. In the second trial, seven diets were formulated, including a high (36%) fish meal diet (HFM, similar to FM36) and five diets with medium (18%) fishmeal levels. These included an unsupplemented diet (MFM) and four with increasing levels of methionine (+M, +2M) and taurine (+2MT and +2M2T) supplementation. An additional diet was formulated with soy protein and poultry by-product meal to completely replace fish meal (PM). In trial 1, fish fed the FM18 diet grew significantly faster than fish fed the FM36 and FM9 diets. In trial 2, fish fed the +2M2T diet grew better than fish fed any other diets, and feed efficiency was highest in fish fed the +2M2T and PM diets. Fish fed the unsupplemented MFM diet had the lowest growth and feed efficiency. Methionine supplementation (+M and +2M) had a limited but significant effect on growth performance compared to MFM-fed fish. Fish fed the PM diet showed similar growth as those fed the +2MT and commercial diets, but was lower than +2M2T diet. Across both trials, growth rate was highly correlated with dietary taurine, except in diets containing less than 18% fish meal, i.e., diets PM and FM9. Both of these diets had equivalent or superior dietary taurine levels compared to diets +2M2T and FM18, but resulted in significantly poorer growth. This suggests that taurine is the first-limiting nutrient in feeds containing at least 18% fish meal while methionine was marginally deficient. In diets containing lower levels of fish meal however, methionine and taurine supplementation is ineffective; hence another (undetermined) nutrient became first-limiting. Additional research is necessary to identify this limiting nutrient, as well as determine the specific taurine requirement of WSB. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jirsa, Dave; Drawbridge, Mark] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Salze, Guillaume P.; Davis, D. Allen] Auburn Univ, Sch Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Salze, GP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM gsalze@auburn.edu FU United Soybean Board, Soy in Aquaculture Program [SB 9463]; California's Ocean Resources Enhancement and Hatchery Program FX The authors would like to thank Jose Velazquez, Andrea Marino, Karla Aguero and the staff at HSWRI's marine fish hatchery. The authors would also like to extend their thanks to those who have taken the time to critically review this manuscript. This research was funded by the United Soybean Board, Soy in Aquaculture Program (Grant #SB 9463), with support from California's Ocean Resources Enhancement and Hatchery Program. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 414 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.07.050 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 241KB UT WOS:000326164600021 ER PT J AU Novick, KA Walker, J Chan, WS Schmidt, A Sobek, C Vose, JM AF Novick, K. A. Walker, J. Chan, W. S. Schmidt, A. Sobek, C. Vose, J. M. TI Eddy covariance measurements with a new fast-response, enclosed-path analyzer: Spectral characteristics and cross-system comparisons SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eddy covariance; Spectra; Density corrections; Instrument heating; Closed-path; Open-path ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; LONG-TERM; ADVECTION MEASUREMENTS; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS ANALYZERS; MIXING-RATIO; CO2 FLUX; FOREST; SUBLAYER AB A new class of enclosed path gas analyzers suitable for eddy covariance applications combines the advantages of traditional closed-path systems (small density corrections, good performance in poor weather) and open-path systems (good spectral response, low power requirements), and permits estimates of instantaneous gas mixing ratio. Here, the extent to which these advantages are realized in field deployment is assessed, with a focus on the suitability of such an analyzer (the EC155, manufactured by Campbell Scientific) for long-term flux measurements in a new flux monitoring site in the southern Appalachians (NC, USA). The scalar-vertical velocity co-spectra for CO2 fluxes measured with the EC155 were similar to those measured with a co-located open-path system. When humidity was high, attenuation of the EC155 water vapor fluxes for non-dimensional frequencies greater than similar to 2 was noted, though results from an ogive analysis suggest that eddies operating on these time scales contributed <2% of the total turbulent flux in this tall forest ecosystem. Inertial sub-range decay of the vertical velocity-scalar co-spectra generally conformed to a -7/3 power law during near-neutral atmospheric stability conditions, supporting the use of an analytical spectral correction approach to the raw measured fluxes. The EC155 fluxes computed directly from instantaneous mixing ratio agreed with will those calculated from mass-density concentration measurements, provided density terms for temperature, water vapor, and pressure were applied. Biases were observed when the EC155 flux records were compared to those measured with the open-path system. These differences were related to wind angle of attack and to an estimate of apparent fluxes related to instrument self-heating, and the biases were minimized after the application of a friction velocity filter. Finally, the EC155 considerably outperformed open-path analyzers during adverse weather conditions favorable to fog development, which occur frequently in the study site. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Novick, K. A.; Sobek, C.; Vose, J. M.] Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28734 USA. [Walker, J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Chan, W. S.; Schmidt, A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Novick, K. A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Novick, KA (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28734 USA. EM knovick@indiana.edu RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014; OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514; Schmidt, Andres/0000-0001-7110-6652 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER6430] FX Support for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant no. DE-FG02-06ER6430). This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank a number of individuals who assisted with data collection and analysis, including Steven Brantley, Chelcy Ford, Randy Fowler, Stephanie Laseter, and Andres Schmidt. We are grateful to Gaby Katul, William Massman, and Chelcy Ford for providing valuable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 181 BP 17 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.020 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229DR UT WOS:000325242500002 ER PT J AU Heckman, K Grandy, AS Gao, X Keiluweit, M Wickings, K Carpenter, K Chorover, J Rasmussen, C AF Heckman, K. Grandy, A. S. Gao, X. Keiluweit, M. Wickings, K. Carpenter, K. Chorover, J. Rasmussen, C. TI Sorptive fractionation of organic matter and formation of organo-hydroxy-aluminum complexes during litter biodegradation in the presence of gibbsite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ACID FOREST SOILS; X-RAY MICROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE; DRIFT SPECTROSCOPY; FULVIC-ACID; HUMIC-ACID; IRON-OXIDE; CARBON; GOETHITE AB Solid and aqueous phase Al species are recognized to affect organic matter (OM) stabilization in forest soils. However, little is known about the dynamics of formation, composition and dissolution of organo-Al hydroxide complexes in microbially-active soil systems, where plant litter is subject to microbial decomposition in close proximity to mineral weathering reactions. We incubated gibbsite-quartz mineral mixtures in the presence of forest floor material inoculated with a native microbial consortium for periods of 5, 60 and 154 days. At each time step, samples were density separated into light (<1.6 g cm(-3)), intermediate (1.6-2.0 g cm(-3)), and heavy (>2.0 g cm(-3)) fractions. The light fraction was mainly comprised of particulate organic matter, while the intermediate and heavy density fractions contained moderate and large amounts of Al-minerals, respectively. Multi-method interrogation of the fractions indicated the intermediate and heavy fractions differed both in mineral structure and organic compound composition. X-ray diffraction analysis and SEM/EDS of the mineral component of the intermediate fractions indicated some alteration of the original gibbsite structure into less crystalline Al hydroxide and possibly proto-imogolite species, whereas alteration of the gibbsite structure was not evident in the heavy fraction. DRIFT, Py-GC/MS and STXM/NEXAFS results all showed that intermediate fractions were composed mostly of lignin-derived compounds, phenolics, and polysaccharides. Heavy fraction organics were dominated by polysaccharides, and were enriched in proteins, N-bearing compounds, and lipids. The source of organics appeared to differ between the intermediate and heavy fractions. Heavy fractions were enriched in C-13 with lower C/N ratios relative to intermediate fractions, suggesting a microbial origin. The observed differential fractionation of organics among hydroxy-Al mineral types suggests that microbial activity superimposed with abiotic mineral-surface-mediated fractionation leads to strong density differentiation of organo-mineral complex composition even over the short time scales probed in these incubation experiments. The data highlight the strong interdependency of mineral transformation, microbial community activity, and organic matter stabilization during biodegradation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Heckman, K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, CAMS, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Heckman, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Grandy, A. S.; Wickings, K.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Gao, X.; Chorover, J.; Rasmussen, C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Keiluweit, M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Div Soils, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Carpenter, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PLS, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heckman, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, CAMS, L-397,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kaheckman@fs.fed.us RI Gao, Xiaodong/C-5291-2012 OI Gao, Xiaodong/0000-0001-8568-0030 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0543130, 0918718, EAR 0724958]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-581333]; NSF [EAR 0929850]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0543130 and 0918718, and EAR 0724958). A portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-581333. Forest floor samples used in this study were collected from the Santa Catalina Mountains Critical Zone Observatory (SCM-CZO, NSF grant EAR 0724958). The authors wish to thank Dr. S. Mercer Meding (through the support of NSF EAR 0929850) for his dedicated assistance throughout this project, and Dr. C Swanston for his unflagging moral and intellectual support. The authors gratefully acknowledge A.L.D. Kilcoyne for his help and support at ALS beamlines 5.3.2.2 and 5.3.2.1 of the Advanced Light Source. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors extend their sincere thanks to the associate editor, Dr. Marc Norman, and two anonymous reviewers who substantially improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 90 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 121 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 121 BP 667 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.043 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 226ZR UT WOS:000325077100040 ER PT J AU Forster, GM Raina, K Kumar, A Kumar, S Agarwal, R Chen, MH Bauer, JE McClung, AM Ryan, EP AF Forster, Genevieve M. Raina, Komal Kumar, Ajay Kumar, Sushil Agarwal, Rajesh Chen, Ming-Hsuan Bauer, John E. McClung, Anna M. Ryan, Elizabeth P. TI Rice varietal differences in bioactive bran components for inhibition of colorectal cancer cell growth SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chemoprevention; Colorectal cancer; Bioactive components; gamma-Tocotrienol; Phenolics; Rice bran; Vitamin E ID FATTY-ACIDS; PHYTOCHEMICALS; CARCINOGENESIS; PERICARP; RATS; MICE; RED AB Rice bran chemical profiles differ across rice varieties and have not yet been analysed for differential chemopreventive bioactivity. A diverse panel of seven rice bran varieties was analysed for growth inhibition of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Inhibition varied from 0% to 99%, depending on the variety of bran used. Across varieties, total lipid content ranged 5-16%, individual fatty acids had 1.4- to 1.9-fold differences, vitamin E isoforms (alpha-, gamma-, delta-tocotrienols, and tocopherols) showed 1.3- to 15.2-fold differences, and differences in gamma-oryzanol and total phenolics ranged between 100-275 ng/mg and 57-146 ng GAE/mg, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify bioactive compounds implicated in CRC cell growth inhibitory activity. Total phenolics and gamma-tocotrienol were positively correlated with reduced CRC cell growth (p < 0.05). Stoichiometric variation in rice bran components and differential effects on CRC viability merit further evaluation elucidate their role in dietary CRC chemoprevention. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Forster, Genevieve M.; Kumar, Ajay; Ryan, Elizabeth P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Raina, Komal; Kumar, Sushil; Agarwal, Rajesh] Univ Colorado, Skaggs Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Agarwal, Rajesh; Ryan, Elizabeth P.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Canc, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Chen, Ming-Hsuan; McClung, Anna M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Bauer, John E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Intercollegiate Fac Nutr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ryan, EP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, 1681 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM e.p.ryan@colostate.edu FU Shipley Foundation; NIH-NCI [R03CA150070, R01CA112304]; Mark L. Morris Professorship of Clinical Nutrition at Texas AM University FX The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. The Shipley Foundation and NIH-NCI R03CA150070 and R01CA112304 supported the work reported in this manuscript. Lipid studies were supported by the Mark L. Morris Professorship of Clinical Nutrition at Texas A&M University. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 141 IS 2 BP 1545 EP 1552 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.020 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 183GW UT WOS:000321803500121 PM 23790950 ER PT J AU Allen, HK Abedon, ST AF Allen, Heather K. Abedon, Stephen T. TI That's disturbing! An exploration of the bacteriophage biology of change SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE virus ecology; ecological disturbance; phage-bacteria interactions ID PHAGE; ENVIRONMENT; COSTS C1 [Allen, Heather K.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Abedon, Stephen T.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Mansfield, OH USA. RP Allen, HK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM heather.allen@ars.usda.gov; abedon.1@osu.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD NOV 14 PY 2013 VL 4 AR 295 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00295 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AB1GG UT WOS:000331538900001 PM 24294211 ER PT J AU Cheng, YF Wang, Q Li, ZJ Cui, JM Hu, SW Zhao, HX Chen, MS AF Cheng, Yufeng Wang, Qian Li, Zhanjie Cui, Jianmin Hu, Shengwu Zhao, Huixian Chen, Mingshun TI Cytological and Comparative Proteomic Analyses on Male Sterility in Brassica napus L. Induced by the Chemical Hybridization Agent Monosulphuron Ester Sodium SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; AMINO-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MATURE POLLEN; ANTHER DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; FLOWERING TIME; PEA-PLANTS; PROTEINS; SYNTHASE AB Male sterility induced by a chemical hybridization agent (CHA) is an important tool for utilizing crop heterosis. Monosulphuron ester sodium (MES), a new acetolactate synthase-inhibitor herbicide belonging to the sulphonylurea family, has been developed as an effective CHA to induce male sterility in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). To understand MES-induced male sterility in rapeseed better, comparative cytological and proteomic analyses were conducted in this study. Cytological analysis indicated that defective tapetal cells and abnormal microspores were gradually generated in the developing anthers of MES-treated plants at various development stages, resulting in unviable microspores and male sterility. A total of 141 differentially expressed proteins between the MES-treated and control plants were revealed, and 131 of them were further identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Most of these proteins decreased in abundance in tissues of MES-treated rapeseed plants, and only a few increased. Notably, some proteins were absent or induced in developing anthers after MES treatment. These proteins were involved in several processes that may be crucial for tapetum and microspore development. Downregulation of these proteins may disrupt the coordination of developmental and metabolic processes, resulting in defective tapetum and abnormal microspores that lead to male sterility in MES-treated plants. Accordingly, a simple model of CHA-MES-induced male sterility in rapeseed was established. This study is the first cytological and dynamic proteomic investigation on CHA-MES-induced male sterility in rapeseed, and the results provide new insights into the molecular events of male sterility. C1 [Cheng, Yufeng; Wang, Qian; Li, Zhanjie; Cui, Jianmin; Hu, Shengwu; Zhao, Huixian] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Yufeng; Wang, Qian; Li, Zhanjie; Zhao, Huixian] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Cui, Jianmin; Hu, Shengwu] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Agron, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, Mingshun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Hu, SW (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM swhu83251@nwsuaf.edu.cn; huixianzhao212@nwsuaf.edu.cn RI Hu, shengwu/A-1053-2010 OI Hu, shengwu/0000-0001-6859-6873 FU China Agriculture Research System [CARS-13]; National Key Technology RD Program [2010BAD01B02]; Northwest AF University FX This work was supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-13), the National Key Technology R&D Program (2010BAD01B02) and a grant of Northwest A&F University to SW Hu. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 14 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e80191 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080191 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 254DJ UT WOS:000327143800136 PM 24244648 ER PT J AU Kim, ES Cole, JB Huson, H Wiggans, GR Van Tassell, CP Crooker, BA Liu, G Da, Y Sonstegard, TS AF Kim, Eui-Soo Cole, John B. Huson, Heather Wiggans, George R. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Crooker, Brian A. Liu, George Da, Yang Sonstegard, Tad S. TI Effect of Artificial Selection on Runs of Homozygosity in US Holstein Cattle SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE SELECTION; DAIRY-CATTLE; GENOMIC DIVERSITY; GENETIC SELECTION; POPULATION; SIGNATURES; TRAITS; POLYMORPHISM; ADMIXTURE; SCAN AB The intensive selection programs for milk made possible by mass artificial insemination increased the similarity among the genomes of North American (NA) Holsteins tremendously since the 1960s. This migration of elite alleles has caused certain regions of the genome to have runs of homozygosity (ROH) occasionally spanning millions of continuous base pairs at a specific locus. In this study, genome signatures of artificial selection in NA Holsteins born between 1953 and 2008 were identified by comparing changes in ROH between three distinct groups under different selective pressure for milk production. The ROH regions were also used to estimate the inbreeding coefficients. The comparisons of genomic autozygosity between groups selected or unselected since 1964 for milk production revealed significant differences with respect to overall ROH frequency and distribution. These results indicate selection has increased overall autozygosity across the genome, whereas the autozygosity in an unselected line has not changed significantly across most of the chromosomes. In addition, ROH distribution was more variable across the genomes of selected animals in comparison to a more even ROH distribution for unselected animals. Further analysis of genome-wide autozygosity changes and the association between traits and haplotypes identified more than 40 genomic regions under selection on several chromosomes (Chr) including Chr 2, 7, 16 and 20. Many of these selection signatures corresponded to quantitative trait loci for milk, fat, and protein yield previously found in contemporary Holsteins. C1 [Kim, Eui-Soo; Huson, Heather; Van Tassell, Curtis P.; Liu, George; Sonstegard, Tad S.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Cole, John B.; Wiggans, George R.; Van Tassell, Curtis P.] USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Crooker, Brian A.; Da, Yang] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sonstegard, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Tad.sonstegard@ars.usda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [1265-31000-104-00D]; Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ008196] FX This project was supported by projects 1265-31000-104-00D (BFGL) from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. E.-S. Kim was partially supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (No. PJ008196), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 14 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e80813 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080813 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 254DJ UT WOS:000327143800165 PM 24348915 ER PT J AU Xu, SH Girouard, N Schueneman, G Shofner, ML Meredith, JC AF Xu, Shanhong Girouard, Natalie Schueneman, Gregory Shofner, Meisha L. Meredith, J. Carson TI Mechanical and thermal properties of waterborne epoxy composites containing cellulose nanocrystals SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nano-composite; Cellulose nanocrystal; Waterborne epoxy ID NATIVE CELLULOSE; SILICA SURFACES; HYDROGEN-BONDS; NANOCOMPOSITES; WHISKERS; OCTADECYLTRICHLOROSILANE; BEHAVIOR; STABILITY; FTIR; SPECTROSCOPY AB Cellulose nanocystals (CNCs) are reinforcing fillers of emerging interest for polymers due to their high modulus and potential for sustainable production. In this study, CNC-based composites with a waterborne epoxy resin matrix were prepared and characterized to determine morphology, water content, and thermal and mechanical properties. While some CNC aggregation was observed, the glass transition temperature (T-g) and modulus for the composites increased with increasing CNC content. Relative to neat epoxy, at 15 wt% CNC the storage modulus increased by 100%, the T-g increased from 66.5 degrees C to 75.5 degrees C, and tensile strength increased from 40 MPa to 60 MPa, suggesting good adhesion between epoxy and CNC surfaces exposed to the matrix. Additionally, no additional water content resulting from CNC addition were observed. These results provide evidence that CNCs can improve thermomechanical performance of waterborne epoxy polymers and that they are promising as reinforcing fillers in structural materials and coatings. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Shanhong; Girouard, Natalie; Meredith, J. Carson] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Schueneman, Gregory] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Shofner, Meisha L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Shofner, Meisha L.; Meredith, J. Carson] Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Meredith, JC (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM carson.meredith@chbe.gatech.edu RI Meredith, Carson/B-3323-2009 OI Meredith, Carson/0000-0003-2519-5003 FU USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) FX The authors of this paper would like to thank the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for their financial support and collaboration. The authors thank Zhen Wang and Professor Frank Fisher of Stevens Institute of Technology for helpful discussions about the mechanical properties obtained in this work, Professor Eric Mintz of Clark Atlanta University for useful discussions, Debby Sherman of DS imaging West Lafayette, IN for the TEM imaging of the CNCs, and Richard Reiner and Alan Rudie of the Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI for providing CNCs for this research. NR 52 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 10 U2 104 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 14 PY 2013 VL 54 IS 24 BP 6589 EP 6598 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.10.011 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 250KG UT WOS:000326851100011 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, Mendel TI Rice Brans, Rice Bran Oils, and Rice Hulls: Composition, Food and Industrial Uses, and Bioactivities in Humans, Animals, and Cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE rice brans; rice bran oils; rice hulls; liquid rice hull smoke; composition; food uses; functional food; industrial uses; allelochemical effects; antibiotic activities; immunostimulating effects; anti-inflammatory effects; antiallergic effects; hypoallergenic; anticarcinogenic effects; anticholesterol effects; antidiabetic properties; human studies; animal studies; cell studies; food safety; human health ID FERMENTED BROWN RICE; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; MILDLY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; TYPE-2 DIABETES PATIENTS; TUMOR-BEARING MICE; HIGH-FAT DIET; GAMMA-ORYZANOL; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AB Rice plants produce bioactive rice brans and hulls that have been reported to have numerous health-promoting effects in cells, animals, and humans. The main objective of this review is to consolidate and integrate the widely scattered information on the composition and the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating effects of rice brans from different rice cultivars, rice bran oils derived from rice brans, rice hulls, liquid rice hull smoke derived from rice hulls, and some of their bioactive compounds. As part of this effort, this paper also presents brief summaries on the preparation of health-promoting foods including bread, corn flakes, frankfurters, ice cream, noodles, pasta, tortillas, and zero-trans-fat shortening as well as industrial products such bioethanol and biodiesel fuels. Also covered are antibiotic, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, allelochemical, and other beneficial effects and the mechanisms of the bioactivities. The results show that food-compatible and safe formulations with desirable nutritional and biological properties can be used to develop new multifunctional foods as well as bioethanol and biodiesel fuel. The overlapping aspects are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact of the described health-promoting potential of the rice-derived brans, oils, and hulls in food and medicine. Such an understanding will enhance nutrition and health and benefit the agricultural and industrial economies. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mendel.friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 205 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 16 U2 115 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 13 PY 2013 VL 61 IS 45 BP 10626 EP 10641 DI 10.1021/jf403635v PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 296BU UT WOS:000330160900002 PM 24175575 ER PT J AU Miller, AJ Matasci, N Schwaninger, H Aradhya, MK Prins, B Zhong, GY Simon, C Buckler, ES Myles, S AF Miller, Allison J. Matasci, Naim Schwaninger, Heidi Aradhya, Mallikarjuna K. Prins, Bernard Zhong, Gan-Yuan Simon, Charles Buckler, Edward S. Myles, Sean TI Vitis Phylogenomics: Hybridization Intensities from a SNP Array Outperform Genotype Calls SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; BAC END SEQUENCES; GENUS VITIS; NEXT-GENERATION; ASCERTAINMENT BIAS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ECOLOGICAL GENOMICS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; LINKAGE MAP AB Understanding relationships among species is a fundamental goal of evolutionary biology. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through next generation sequencing and related technologies enable phylogeny reconstruction by providing unprecedented numbers of characters for analysis. One approach to SNP-based phylogeny reconstruction is to identify SNPs in a subset of individuals, and then to compile SNPs on an array that can be used to genotype additional samples at hundreds or thousands of sites simultaneously. Although powerful and efficient, this method is subject to ascertainment bias because applying variation discovered in a representative subset to a larger sample favors identification of SNPs with high minor allele frequencies and introduces bias against rare alleles. Here, we demonstrate that the use of hybridization intensity data, rather than genotype calls, reduces the effects of ascertainment bias. Whereas traditional SNP calls assess known variants based on diversity housed in the discovery panel, hybridization intensity data survey variation in the broader sample pool, regardless of whether those variants are present in the initial SNP discovery process. We apply SNP genotype and hybridization intensity data derived from the Vitis9kSNP array developed for grape to show the effects of ascertainment bias and to reconstruct evolutionary relationships among Vitis species. We demonstrate that phylogenies constructed using hybridization intensities suffer less from the distorting effects of ascertainment bias, and are thus more accurate than phylogenies based on genotype calls. Moreover, we reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus Vitis using hybridization data, show that North American subgenus Vitis species are monophyletic, and resolve several previously poorly known relationships among North American species. This study builds on earlier work that applied the Vitis9kSNP array to evolutionary questions within Vitis vinifera and has general implications for addressing ascertainment bias in array-enabled phylogeny reconstruction. C1 [Miller, Allison J.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Matasci, Naim] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Matasci, Naim] Univ Arizona, iPlant Collaborat, Tucson, AZ USA. [Schwaninger, Heidi; Zhong, Gan-Yuan; Simon, Charles] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, USDA, ARS,Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Aradhya, Mallikarjuna K.; Prins, Bernard] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhong, Gan-Yuan] Cornell Univ, New York Agr Expt Stn, USDA, ARS,Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY USA. [Myles, Sean] Dalhousie Univ, Fac Agr, Truro, NS, Canada. RP Miller, AJ (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM amille75@slu.edu; sean.myles@dal.ca OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Matasci, Naim/0000-0003-4416-048X FU Canada Research Chairs program; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This article was written, in part, thanks to funding from the Canada Research Chairs program and the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 81 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 13 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e78680 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0078680 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 255QK UT WOS:000327254700032 PM 24236035 ER PT J AU Zhou, HF Zhu, JY Luo, XL Leu, SY Wu, XL Gleisner, R Dien, BS Hector, RE Yang, DJ Qiu, XQ Horn, E Negron, J AF Zhou, Haifeng Zhu, J. Y. Luo, Xiaolin Leu, Shao-Yuan Wu, Xiaolei Gleisner, Roland Dien, Bruce S. Hector, Ronald E. Yang, Dongjie Qiu, Xueqing Horn, Eric Negron, Jose TI Bioconversion of Beetle-Killed Lodgepole Pine Using SPORL: Process Scale-up Design, Lignin Coproduct, and High Solids Fermentation without Detoxification SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CELLULOSIC ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SIMULTANEOUS ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENTS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; BIOMASS PRETREATMENT; HYDROLYSIS; DISPERSANT; LIGNOCELLULOSES; LIGNOSULFONATE; ADSORPTION AB Mountain pine beetle killed Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) wood chips were pretreated using an acidic sulfite solution of approximately pH = 2.0 at a liquor to wood ratio of 3 and sodium bisulfite loading of 8 wt % on wood. The combined hydrolysis factor (CHF), formulated from reaction kinetics, was used to design a scale-up pretreatment on 2000 g wood chips at a relatively low temperature of 165 degrees C that reduced furan formation and facilitated high solids saccharification and fermentation. The pretreated solids and liquor were disk milled together to result in a biomass whole slurry of 25% total solids. The whole biomass slurry was directly used to conduct simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and combined fermentation (SSCombF) using a commercial cellulase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae YRH400 without detoxification. A terminal ethanol titer of 47.1 g L-1 with a yield of 306 L (tonne wood)(-1), or 72.0% theoretical, was achieved when SSCombF was conducted at an unwashed solids loading of 18%. The lignosulfonate (LS) from SPORL was highly sulfonated and showed better dispersibility than a high purity commercial softwood LS, and therefore has potential as a directly marketable coproduct. C1 [Zhou, Haifeng; Wu, Xiaolei; Yang, Dongjie; Qiu, Xueqing] S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Haifeng; Zhu, J. Y.; Luo, Xiaolin; Leu, Shao-Yuan; Gleisner, Roland] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Luo, Xiaolin] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Engn, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. [Leu, Shao-Yuan] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Dien, Bruce S.; Hector, Ronald E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Horn, Eric] BioPulping Int Inc, Madison, WI USA. [Negron, Jose] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us RI Leu, Shao-Yuan/C-7286-2017; OI Leu, Shao-Yuan/0000-0001-7262-1453; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 FU USDA Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase II project [2010-33610-21589]; Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC); International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP) [2013DFA41670] FX This work was conducted while Haifeng Zhou and Xiaolin Luo were visiting students and Shao-Yuan Leu was a postdoctoral fellow at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory and on official government time of Zhu, Gleisner, Dien, Hector, and Negron. This work was supported by a USDA Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase II project (Contract Number: 2010-33610-21589) to Biopulping International, the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC), and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP):2013DFA41670. The funding from these programs made the visiting appointment of Zhou and Luo at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) possible. We would like to acknowledge Jerry Gargulak of LignoTech for providing us the D-748 Lignosulfonate and Fred Matt for conducting carbohydrate measurements. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD NOV 13 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 45 BP 16057 EP 16065 DI 10.1021/ie402873y PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 253QB UT WOS:000327103300037 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD AF Lentz, Rodrick D. TI Delayed Sample Filtration and Storage Effects on Dissolved Nutrients Measured in Agricultural Runoff SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Dissolved P; inorganic N; runoff; sampling protocol; water quality ID PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; WATER; CARBON; PRESERVATION; STREAM AB Few research studies have examined the influence of delayed filtration on sample stability or runoff nutrient loss assessments. Runoff samples from irrigation furrows were each split into four volumes: two were filtered (45 m) in the field and two were filtered 10 days later, with or without boric acid treatment, and stored at 4 degrees C. Sample dissolved reactive P (DRP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and ammonium (NH4)-N concentrations were measured in all filtered samples 10 and 107 days after collection. Samples filtered in the field and those with a 10-day delayed filtration had similar dissolved DRP, NO3-N, and NH4-N concentrations, whether or not boric acid was added. Boric acid stabilized DRP and NH4-N sample concentrations, but not NO3-N, during the 107 days of storage (relative to field-filtered samples). The effect of treatments on computed furrow stream concentration and runoff mass losses was similar to that for sample concentrations, except that furrow NH4-N parameters were unaffected by treatments. The field-filtered or 10-d delayed filtration without boric acid treatments provided the best dissolved nutrient measurements for comparing agricultural management effects at the field edge; however, results suggest that an incubation-type test for field-edge runoff water may provide a more accurate estimate of field management effects on dissolved nutrient loads in downstream aquatic ecosystems. C1 ARS, USDA, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM rick.lentz@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 EI 1532-2416 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD NOV 13 PY 2013 VL 44 IS 20 BP 2952 EP 2960 DI 10.1080/00103624.2013.829849 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 243IR UT WOS:000326310600004 ER PT J AU Zhao, AQ Zhang, MC He, ZQ AF Zhao, Aiqin Zhang, Mingchu He, Zhongqi TI Spectroscopic Characteristics and Biodegradability of Cold and HotWater-Extractable Soil Organic Matter under Different Land Uses in Subarctic Alaska SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE biodegradability; excitation and emission matrix; fluorescence efficiency; humification index; UV-visible; water-extractable organic matter ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CROPPING SYSTEM; FLUORESCENCE; WATER; NITROGEN; FOREST; TILLAGE; ACID; DOM AB Cold (22 C-o) and hot water (80 C-o) extractions have been used to estimate labile organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soils. Sequentially extracted cold and hot water organic matter (WEOM) from 14 Alaskan soils under different land uses were characterized by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopies. Compared to cold WEOM, the ultraviolet (UV) absorptivity at 254 nm and fluorescence index were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in hot WEOM of all soils. The biodegradability, assessed in a 21-d solution incubation, of hot WEOC and WEON was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that of cold WEOC and WEON in all soils. The biodegradability of cold or hot WEOC was correlated with the protein-like component, indicating that a protein-like fluorophore is a labile fraction in both cold and hot WEOM pools. Information derived from this work contributed to better understanding of subarctic soil WEOM properties and their biodegradability. C1 [Zhao, Aiqin; Zhang, Mingchu] Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Dept High Latitude Agr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [He, Zhongqi] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Zhang, MC (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Dept High Latitude Agr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mzhang3@alaska.edu; zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 EI 1532-2416 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD NOV 13 PY 2013 VL 44 IS 20 BP 3030 EP 3048 DI 10.1080/00103624.2013.829086 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 243IR UT WOS:000326310600010 ER PT J AU Falke, JA Dunham, JB Jordan, CE McNyset, KM Reeves, GH AF Falke, Jeffrey A. Dunham, Jason B. Jordan, Christopher E. McNyset, Kristina M. Reeves, Gordon H. TI Spatial Ecological Processes and Local Factors Predict the Distribution and Abundance of Spawning by Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) across a Complex Riverscape SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WATER TEMPERATURE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; STREAM FISHES; TROUT AB Processes that influence habitat selection in landscapes involve the interaction of habitat composition and configuration and are particularly important for species with complex life cycles. We assessed the relative influence of landscape spatial processes and local habitat characteristics on patterns in the distribution and abundance of spawning steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a threatened salmonid fish, across,15,000 stream km in the John Day River basin, Oregon, USA. We used hurdle regression and a multi-model information theoretic approach to identify the relative importance of covariates representing key aspects of the steelhead life cycle (e. g., site access, spawning habitat quality, juvenile survival) at two spatial scales: within 2-km long survey reaches (local sites) and ecological neighborhoods (5 km) surrounding the local sites. Based on Akaike's Information Criterion, models that included covariates describing ecological neighborhoods provided the best description of the distribution and abundance of steelhead spawning given the data. Among these covariates, our representation of offspring survival (growing-season-degree-days, degrees C) had the strongest effect size (7x) relative to other predictors. Predictive performances of model-averaged composite and neighborhood-only models were better than a siteonly model based on both occurrence (percentage of sites correctly classified = 0.8060.03 SD, 0.7860.02 vs. 0.6260.05, respectively) and counts (root mean square error = 3.37, 3.93 vs. 5.57, respectively). The importance of both temperature and stream flow for steelhead spawning suggest this species may be highly sensitive to impacts of land and water uses, and to projected climate impacts in the region and that landscape context, complementation, and connectivity will drive how this species responds to future environments. C1 [Falke, Jeffrey A.; McNyset, Kristina M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jordan, Christopher E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Falke, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM Jeffrey.Falke@alaska.edu FU National Research Council; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Laboratory; U.S. Geological Survey; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; USDA Forest Service FX J. A. Falke and K. M. McNyset were supported by funds from the National Research Council and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Laboratory. J. B. Dunham and G. H. Reeves were supported in part by a collaborative research agreement between U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, and USDA Forest Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 53 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 12 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79232 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079232 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 255PK UT WOS:000327252100095 PM 24265762 ER PT J AU Huang, ZL Zhao, P Medina, J Meilan, R Woeste, K AF Huang, Zhonglian Zhao, Peng Medina, Jose Meilan, Richard Woeste, Keith TI Roles of JnRAP2.6-like from the Transition Zone of Black Walnut in Hormone Signaling SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; PLANT TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; ERF GENE FAMILY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HEARTWOOD FORMATION; GCC-BOX; DEFENSE RESPONSES; ROBINIA-PSEUDOACACIA; DISEASE RESISTANCE AB An EST sequence, designated JnRAP2-like, was isolated from tissue at the heartwood/sapwood transition zone (TZ) in black walnut (Juglans nigra L). The deduced amino acid sequence of JnRAP2-like protein consists of a single AP2-containing domain with significant similarity to conserved AP2/ERF DNA-binding domains in other species. Based on multiple sequence alignment, JnRAP2-like appears to be an ortholog of RAP2.6L (At5g13330), which encodes an ethylene response element binding protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. Real-time PCR revealed that the JnRAP2-like was expressed most abundantly in TZ of trees harvested in fall when compared with other xylem tissues harvested in the fall or summer. Independent transgenic lines over-expressing JnRAP2-like in Arabidopsis developed dramatic ethylene-related phenotypes when treated with 50 mu M methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Taken together, these results indicated that JnRAP2-like may participate in the integration of ethylene and jasmonate signals in the xylem and other tissues. Given the role of ethylene in heartwood formation, it is possible JnRAP2-like expression in the transition zone is part of the signal transduction pathway leading to heartwood formation in black walnut. C1 [Huang, Zhonglian; Meilan, Richard] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhao, Peng] Northwest Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Medina, Jose] Zamorano Univ, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. [Woeste, Keith] Purdue Univ, USDA Forest Serv, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Woeste, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA Forest Serv, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM woeste@purdue.edu FU NSF I/UCRC grant; United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at Purdue University FX Funds for this research were provided by an NSF I/UCRC grant, the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at Purdue University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 12 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e75857 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0075857 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 255PK UT WOS:000327252100004 PM 24265672 ER PT J AU Pechal, JL Crippen, TL Tarone, AM Lewis, AJ Tomberlin, JK Benbow, ME AF Pechal, Jennifer L. Crippen, Tawni L. Tarone, Aaron M. Lewis, Andrew J. Tomberlin, Jeffery K. Benbow, M. Eric TI Microbial Community Functional Change during Vertebrate Carrion Decomposition SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; SOURCE UTILIZATION PROFILES; PACIFIC SALMON CARCASSES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE TISSUE; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; INSECT SUCCESSION; RESOURCE PULSES; BIOLOG PLATES; OVIS-ARIES AB Microorganisms play a critical role in the decomposition of organic matter, which contributes to energy and nutrient transformation in every ecosystem. Yet, little is known about the functional activity of epinecrotic microbial communities associated with carrion. The objective of this study was to provide a description of the carrion associated microbial community functional activity using differential carbon source use throughout decomposition over seasons, between years and when microbial communities were isolated from eukaryotic colonizers (e. g., necrophagous insects). Additionally, microbial communities were identified at the phyletic level using high throughput sequencing during a single study. We hypothesized that carrion microbial community functional profiles would change over the duration of decomposition, and that this change would depend on season, year and presence of necrophagous insect colonization. Biolog EcoPlates (TM) were used to measure the variation in epinecrotic microbial community function by the differential use of 29 carbon sources throughout vertebrate carrion decomposition. Pyrosequencing was used to describe the bacterial community composition in one experiment to identify key phyla associated with community functional changes. Overall, microbial functional activity increased throughout decomposition in spring, summer and winter while it decreased in autumn. Additionally, microbial functional activity was higher in 2011 when necrophagous arthropod colonizer effects were tested. There were inconsistent trends in the microbial function of communities isolated from remains colonized by necrophagous insects between 2010 and 2011, suggesting a greater need for a mechanistic understanding of the process. These data indicate that functional analyses can be implemented in carrion studies and will be important in understanding the influence of microbial communities on an essential ecosystem process, carrion decomposition. C1 [Pechal, Jennifer L.; Lewis, Andrew J.; Benbow, M. Eric] Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Crippen, Tawni L.] USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. [Pechal, Jennifer L.; Tarone, Aaron M.; Tomberlin, Jeffery K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Pechal, JL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jenpechal18@gmail.com; eric.benbow@gmail.com OI Tarone, Aaron/0000-0003-0965-7634 FU University of Dayton Research Council; Department of Biology; Department of Entomology; Whole Systems Genomics Initiative for Improved Human, Animal, and Environmental Wellbeing at Texas A M University; Department of Entomology at Texas A M University; Texas A&M University AgriLife Research; National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, United States Department of Justice [2010-DN-BX-K243] FX The authors (AJL and MEB) would like to thank the University of Dayton Research Council and the Department of Biology for financial support of this project. JLP was funded by the Department of Entomology and the Whole Systems Genomics Initiative for Improved Human, Animal, and Environmental Wellbeing at Texas A & M University. JKT and AMT are funded by the Department of Entomology at Texas A & M University and Texas A&M University AgriLife Research. This project was also funded (TLC, AMT, JKT and MEB), in part, by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, United States Department of Justice through Grant 2010-DN-BX-K243. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the United States Department of Justice. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 95 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 44 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 12 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79035 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079035 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 255PK UT WOS:000327252100074 PM 24265741 ER PT J AU De Frenne, P Rodriguez-Sanchez, F Coomes, DA Baeten, L Verstraeten, G Vellend, M Bernhardt-Romermann, M Brown, CD Brunet, J Cornelis, J Decocq, GM Dierschke, H Eriksson, O Gilliam, FS Hedl, R Heinken, T Hermy, M Hommel, P Jenkins, MA Kelly, DL Kirby, KJ Mitchell, FJG Naaf, T Newman, M Peterken, G Petrik, P Schultz, J Sonnier, G Van Calster, H Waller, DM Walther, GR White, PS Woods, KD Wulf, M Graae, BJ Verheyen, K AF De Frenne, Pieter Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco Coomes, David Anthony Baeten, Lander Verstraeten, Gorik Vellend, Mark Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus Brown, Carissa D. Brunet, Jorg Cornelis, Johnny Decocq, Guillaume M. Dierschke, Hartmut Eriksson, Ove Gilliam, Frank S. Hedl, Radim Heinken, Thilo Hermy, Martin Hommel, Patrick Jenkins, Michael A. Kelly, Daniel L. Kirby, Keith J. Mitchell, Fraser J. G. Naaf, Tobias Newman, Miles Peterken, George Petrik, Petr Schultz, Jan Sonnier, Gregory Van Calster, Hans Waller, Donald M. Walther, Gian-Reto White, Peter S. Woods, Kerry D. Wulf, Monika Graae, Bente Jessen Verheyen, Kris TI Microclimate moderates plant responses to macroclimate warming SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; forest management; understory; climatic debt; range shifts ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST; VEGETATION; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEM; SCALE; DEBT AB Recent global warming is acting across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems to favor species adapted to warmer conditions and/or reduce the abundance of cold-adapted organisms (i.e., "thermophilization" of communities). Lack of community responses to increased temperature, however, has also been reported for several taxa and regions, suggesting that "climatic lags" may be frequent. Here we show that microclimatic effects brought about by forest canopy closure can buffer biotic responses to macroclimate warming, thus explaining an apparent climatic lag. Using data from 1,409 vegetation plots in European and North American temperate forests, each surveyed at least twice over an interval of 12-67 y, we document significant thermophilization of ground-layer plant communities. These changes reflect concurrent declines in species adapted to cooler conditions and increases in species adapted to warmer conditions. However, thermophilization, particularly the increase of warm-adapted species, is attenuated in forests whose canopies have become denser, probably reflecting cooler growing-season ground temperatures via increased shading. As standing stocks of trees have increased in many temperate forests in recent decades, local microclimatic effects may commonly be moderating the impacts of macroclimate warming on forest understories. Conversely, increases in harvesting woody biomass-e.g., for bioenergy-may open forest canopies and accelerate thermophilization of temperate forest biodiversity. C1 [De Frenne, Pieter; Baeten, Lander; Verstraeten, Gorik; Verheyen, Kris] Univ Ghent, Forest & Nat Lab, BE-9090 Gontrode Melle, Belgium. [Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco; Coomes, David Anthony] Univ Cambridge, Forest Ecol & Conservat Grp, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Baeten, Lander] Univ Ghent, Terr Ecol Unit, Dept Biol, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Vellend, Mark; Brown, Carissa D.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus] Univ Regensburg, Inst Bot, DE-93053 Regensburg, Germany. [Brown, Carissa D.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Geog, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Brunet, Jorg] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Southern Swedish Forest Res Ctr, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. [Cornelis, Johnny] Agcy Nat & Forests, BE-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Decocq, Guillaume M.] Univ Picardie Jules Verne, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Edysan FRE 3498, FR-80037 Amiens, France. [Dierschke, Hartmut] Univ Gottingen, Dept Vegetat & Phytodivers Anal, Albrecht von Haller Inst Plant Sci, DE-37073 Gottingen, Germany. [Eriksson, Ove] Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Gilliam, Frank S.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. [Hedl, Radim] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Dept Vegetat Ecol, Inst Bot, CZ-65720 Brno, Czech Republic. [Heinken, Thilo] Univ Potsdam, Dept Biodivers Res Systemat Bot, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. [Hermy, Martin] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Div Forest Nat & Landscape, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Hommel, Patrick] Wageningen UR, Alterra Res Inst, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Jenkins, Michael A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kelly, Daniel L.; Mitchell, Fraser J. G.; Newman, Miles] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Bot Dept, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Kelly, Daniel L.; Mitchell, Fraser J. G.; Newman, Miles] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Trinity Ctr Biodivers Res, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Kirby, Keith J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. [Naaf, Tobias; Wulf, Monika] Leibniz ZALF, Inst Land Use Syst, DE-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. [Peterken, George] Beechwood House, St Briavels Common GL15 6SL, Lydney, England. [Petrik, Petr] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Dept Geog Informat Syst & Remote Sensing, Inst Bot, CZ-25243 Pruhonice, Czech Republic. [Schultz, Jan] US Forest Serv, Milwaukee, WI 53203 USA. [Sonnier, Gregory; Waller, Donald M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Van Calster, Hans] Res Inst Nat & Forest, BE-1070 Brussels, Belgium. [Walther, Gian-Reto] Fed Off Environm FOEN, Landscapes Div, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [White, Peter S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Woods, Kerry D.] Bennington Coll, Program Nat Sci, Bennington, VT 05201 USA. [Graae, Bente Jessen] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP De Frenne, P (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Forest & Nat Lab, BE-9090 Gontrode Melle, Belgium. EM pieter.defrenne@ugent.be RI Bernhardt-Romermann, Markus/B-3027-2009; Hedl, Radim/A-5631-2011; Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco/A-9307-2008; Petrik, Petr/H-1649-2014; Mitchell, Fraser/L-9292-2014; De Frenne, Pieter/N-4969-2014; Jenkins, Michael/F-7396-2016; OI Bernhardt-Romermann, Markus/0000-0002-2740-2304; Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco/0000-0002-7981-1599; Van Calster, Hans/0000-0001-8595-8426; Petrik, Petr/0000-0001-8518-6737; De Frenne, Pieter/0000-0002-8613-0943; Mitchell, Fraser/0000-0002-9857-5632 FU Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO); FWO; European Union [275094]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; [RVO 67985939] FX We thank J. Kartesz and M. Nishino for the American species distribution maps, two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments, and the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) for funding the scientific research network FLEUR. Support for this work was provided by FWO Postdoctoral Fellowships (to P. D. F. and L. B.), European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 Grant 275094 (to F.R.-S.), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (M. V. and C. D. B.), and long-term research development project RVO 67985939 (to R. H. and P.P.). NR 32 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 18 U2 166 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 12 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 46 BP 18561 EP 18565 DI 10.1073/pnas.1311190110 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 250DQ UT WOS:000326830900061 PM 24167287 ER PT J AU Lewis, JD Lee, AHY Hassan, JA Wan, J Hurley, B Jhingree, JR Wang, PW Lo, T Youn, JY Guttman, DS Desveaux, D AF Lewis, Jennifer D. Lee, Amy Huei-Yi Hassan, Jana A. Wan, Janet Hurley, Brenden Jhingree, Jacquelyn R. Wang, Pauline W. Lo, Timothy Youn, Ji-Young Guttman, David S. Desveaux, Darrell TI The Arabidopsis ZED1 pseudokinase is required for ZAR1-mediated immunity induced by the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopZ1a SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ZED1-related kinase; ZRK; hypersensitive response ID PROTEIN-KINASE; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; SUPERFAMILY; ACTIVATION; PATHWAY; TOMATO; PHOSPHORYLATION; IDENTIFICATION; ACETYLATION; PERCEPTION AB Plant and animal pathogenic bacteria can suppress host immunity by injecting type III secreted effector (T3SE) proteins into host cells. However, T3SEs can also elicit host immunity if the host has evolved a means to recognize the presence or activity of specific T3SEs. The diverse YopJ/HopZ/AvrRxv T3SE superfamily, which is found in both animal and plant pathogens, provides examples of T3SEs playing this dual role. The T3SE HopZ1a is an acetyltransferase carried by the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae that elicits effector-triggered immunity (ETI) when recognized in Arabidopsis thaliana by the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) protein ZAR1. However, recognition of HopZ1a does not require any known ETI-related genes. Using a forward genetics approach, we identify a unique ETI-associated gene that is essential for ZAR1-mediated immunity. The hopZ-ETI-deficient1 (zed1) mutant is specifically impaired in the recognition of HopZ1a, but not the recognition of other unrelated T3SEs or in pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-triggered immunity. ZED1 directly interacts with both HopZ1a and ZAR1 and is acetylated on threonines 125 and 177 by HopZ1a. ZED1 is a nonfunctional kinase that forms part of small genomic cluster of kinases in Arabidopsis. We hypothesize that ZED1 acts as a decoy to lure HopZ1a to the ZAR1-resistance complex, resulting in ETI activation. C1 [Lewis, Jennifer D.; Lee, Amy Huei-Yi; Wan, Janet; Hurley, Brenden; Wang, Pauline W.; Lo, Timothy; Guttman, David S.; Desveaux, Darrell] Univ Toronto, Dept Cell & Syst Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [Jhingree, Jacquelyn R.; Wang, Pauline W.; Guttman, David S.; Desveaux, Darrell] Univ Toronto, Ctr Anal Genome Evolut & Funct, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [Lewis, Jennifer D.] USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Lewis, Jennifer D.; Hassan, Jana A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Youn, Ji-Young] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada. RP Guttman, DS (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Cell & Syst Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. EM david.guttman@utoronto.ca; darrell.desveaux@utoronto.ca OI Lee, Amy/0000-0003-3250-3246 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chair in Plant-Microbe Systems Biology; Canada Research Chair in Comparative Genomics; Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function; US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Grant [5335-21000-040-00D] FX We thank Wasan Abada, Ronald Wu, Jing Huang, and Tiffany Tong for help with mutant screening; Gregory Walker for help with N. benthamiana transient assays; Dr. Ryan Austin for help with NGM; Pauline Fung and Dr. Yunchen Gong for help with the Illumina GAII; Drs. Peter McCourt and Shelley Lumba for the SnRK3.22 clone; Dr. Jianfeng Zhang for cloning At3g57700; Dr. Brenda Andrews for yeast expression vectors; Dr. Dinesh Christendat for the modified pET28a vector; Corinna Felsensteiner for constructing the split-YFP vectors; and the Arabidopsis Biological Research Center for providing seed stocks. This work was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada awards (to D.S.G. and D.D.), a Canada Research Chair in Plant-Microbe Systems Biology (to D.D.) or Comparative Genomics (to D.S.G.); the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (D.D. and D.S.G.); and US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Grant 5335-21000-040-00D (to J.D.L.). NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 36 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 12 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 46 BP 18722 EP 18727 DI 10.1073/pnas.1315520110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 250DQ UT WOS:000326830900088 PM 24170858 ER PT J AU Jiang, YL Gao, XY Liu, SK Zhang, Y Liu, H Sun, FY Bao, LS Waldbieser, G Liu, ZJ AF Jiang, Yanliang Gao, Xiaoyu Liu, Shikai Zhang, Yu Liu, Hong Sun, Fanyue Bao, Lisui Waldbieser, Geoff Liu, Zhanjiang TI Whole genome comparative analysis of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with four model fish species SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Catfish; Genome; Comparative mapping; Linkage mapping; Conserved synteny ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; BAC-END SEQUENCES; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RADIATION HYBRID MAP; NILE TILAPIA GENOME; SPARUS-AURATA L; PHYSICAL MAP; ATLANTIC SALMON; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS AB Background: Comparative mapping is a powerful tool to study evolution of genomes. It allows transfer of genome information from the well-studied model species to non-model species. Catfish is an economically important aquaculture species in United States. A large amount of genome resources have been developed from catfish including genetic linkage maps, physical maps, BAC end sequences (BES), integrated linkage and physical maps using BES-derived markers, physical map contig-specific sequences, and draft genome sequences. Application of such genome resources should allow comparative analysis at the genome scale with several other model fish species. Results: In this study, we conducted whole genome comparative analysis between channel catfish and four model fish species with fully sequenced genomes, zebrafish, medaka, stickleback and Tetraodon. A total of 517 Mb draft genome sequences of catfish were anchored to its genetic linkage map, which accounted for 62% of the total draft genome sequences. Based on the location of homologous genes, homologous chromosomes were determined among catfish and the four model fish species. A large number of conserved syntenic blocks were identified. Analysis of the syntenic relationships between catfish and the four model fishes supported that the catfish genome is most similar to the genome of zebrafish. Conclusion: The organization of the catfish genome is similar to that of the four teleost species, zebrafish, medaka, stickleback, and Tetraodon such that homologous chromosomes can be identified. Within each chromosome, extended syntenic blocks were evident, but the conserved syntenies at the chromosome level involve extensive inter-chromosomal and intra-chromosomal rearrangements. This whole genome comparative map should facilitate the whole genome assembly and annotation in catfish, and will be useful for genomic studies of various other fish species. C1 [Jiang, Yanliang; Gao, Xiaoyu; Liu, Shikai; Zhang, Yu; Liu, Hong; Sun, Fanyue; Bao, Lisui; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Program Cell & Mol Biosci,Aquat Genom Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Waldbieser, Geoff] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Program Cell & Mol Biosci,Aquat Genom Unit, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM liuzhan@auburn.edu RI Liu, Shikai /D-4664-2013 OI Liu, Shikai /0000-0001-5777-489X FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2010-65205-20356, 2012-67015-19410] FX This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants with grant no. 2010-65205-20356 and 2012-67015-19410 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA). NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 11 PY 2013 VL 14 AR UNSP 780 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-14-780 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 274XT UT WOS:000328640200006 PM 24215161 ER PT J AU Araneda, L Sim, SC Bae, JJ Chakraborty, N Curley, J Chang, T Inoue, M Warnke, S Jung, G AF Araneda, Loreto Sim, Sung-Chur Bae, Jin-Joo Chakraborty, Nanda Curley, Joe Chang, Taehyun Inoue, Maiko Warnke, Scott Jung, Geunhwa TI Comparative Genome Analysis between Agrostis stolonifera and Members of the Pooideae Subfamily, including Brachypodium distachyon SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; RICE GENOMES; SSR MARKERS; MODEL; RESISTANCE; BENTGRASS; SEQUENCES; GRASSES AB Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera, allotetraploid 2n = 4x = 28) is one of the major cool-season turfgrasses. It is widely used on golf courses due to its tolerance to low mowing and aggressive growth habit. In this study, we investigated genome relationships of creeping bentgrass relative to the Triticeae (a consensus map of Triticum aestivum, T. tauschii, Hordeum vulgare, and H. spontaneum), oat, rice, and ryegrass maps using a common set of 229 EST-RFLP markers. The genome comparisons based on the RFLP markers revealed large-scale chromosomal rearrangements on different numbers of linkage groups (LGs) of creeping bentgrass relative to the Triticeae (3 LGs), oat (4 LGs), and rice (8 LGs). However, we detected no chromosomal rearrangement between creeping bentgrass and ryegrass, suggesting that these recently domesticated species might be closely related, despite their memberships to different Pooideae tribes. In addition, the genome of creeping bentgrass was compared with the complete genome sequence of Brachypodium distachyon in Pooideae subfamily using both sequences of the above-mentioned mapped EST-RFLP markers and sequences of 8,470 publicly available A. stolonifera ESTs (AgEST). We discovered large-scale chromosomal rearrangements on six LGs of creeping bentgrass relative to B. distachyon. Also, a total of 24 syntenic blocks based on 678 orthologus loci were identified between these two grass species. The EST orthologs can be utilized in further comparative mapping of Pooideae species. These results will be useful for genetic improvement of Agrostis species and will provide a better understanding of evolution within Pooideae species. C1 [Araneda, Loreto; Inoue, Maiko; Jung, Geunhwa] Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sim, Sung-Chur] Sejong Univ, Dept Bioresources Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Bae, Jin-Joo] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chakraborty, Nanda; Curley, Joe] Syngenta Seeds Inc, Stanton, MN USA. [Chang, Taehyun] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Syst, Sangju, South Korea. [Warnke, Scott] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Jung, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jung@umass.edu FU United States Golf Association; National Institute of Food and Agriculture; United States Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station; Stockbridge School of Agriculture [MAS00925] FX This work was supported by the United States Golf Association, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, United States Department of Agriculture, the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and the Stockbridge School of Agriculture under Project Number MAS00925. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 11 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79425 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079425 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 255EG UT WOS:000327221600130 PM 24244501 ER PT J AU Sawler, J Reisch, B Aradhya, MK Prins, B Zhong, GY Schwaninger, H Simon, C Buckler, E Myles, S AF Sawler, Jason Reisch, Bruce Aradhya, Mallikarjuna K. Prins, Bernard Zhong, Gan-Yuan Schwaninger, Heidi Simon, Charles Buckler, Edward Myles, Sean TI Genomics Assisted Ancestry Deconvolution in Grape SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DOMESTICATION HISTORY; GENETIC-STRUCTURE AB The genus Vitis (the grapevine) is a group of highly diverse, diploid woody perennial vines consisting of approximately 60 species from across the northern hemisphere. It is the world's most valuable horticultural crop with similar to 8 million hectares planted, most of which is processed into wine. To gain insights into the use of wild Vitis species during the past century of interspecific grape breeding and to provide a foundation for marker-assisted breeding programmes, we present a principal components analysis (PCA) based ancestry estimation method to calculate admixture proportions of hybrid grapes in the United States Department of Agriculture grape germplasm collection using genome-wide polymorphism data. We find that grape breeders have backcrossed to both the domesticated V. vinifera and wild Vitis species and that reasonably accurate genome-wide ancestry estimation can be performed on interspecific Vitis hybrids using a panel of fewer than 50 ancestry informative markers (AIMs). We compare measures of ancestry informativeness used in selecting SNP panels for two-way admixture estimation, and verify the accuracy of our method on simulated populations of admixed offspring. Our method of ancestry deconvolution provides a first step towards selection at the seed or seedling stage for desirable admixture profiles, which will facilitate marker-assisted breeding that aims to introgress traits from wild Vitis species while retaining the desirable characteristics of elite V. vinifera cultivars. C1 [Sawler, Jason; Myles, Sean] Dalhousie Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Truro, NS, Canada. [Reisch, Bruce] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY USA. [Aradhya, Mallikarjuna K.; Prins, Bernard] Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhong, Gan-Yuan] Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit,New York State Agr Exp Stn, Geneva, NY USA. [Zhong, Gan-Yuan; Schwaninger, Heidi; Simon, Charles] Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit,New York State Agr Exp, Geneva, NY USA. [Buckler, Edward] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. [Buckler, Edward] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Myles, S (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Truro, NS, Canada. EM sean.myles@dal.ca OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU Canada Research Chairs program; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This article was written, in part, thanks to funding from the Canada Research Chairs program and the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 37 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 11 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e80791 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080791 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 255EG UT WOS:000327221600217 PM 24244717 ER PT J AU Sun, X Zhou, W Liu, H Zhang, AJ Ai, CR Zhou, SS Zhou, CX Wang, MQ AF Sun, Xiao Zhou, Wen Liu, Hao Zhang, Aijun Ai, Chao-Ren Zhou, Shuang-Shuang Zhou, Chang-Xiang Wang, Man-Qun TI Transgenic Bt Rice Does Not Challenge Host Preference of the Target Pest of Rice Leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BERLINER; PROPYLEA-JAPONICA THUNBERG; PLANT VOLATILES; ELECTRONIC NOSE; NILAPARVATA-LUGENS; PARASITIC WASPS; INDICA RICE; STEM BORER; CRY2A RICE; COTTON AB Background: Transgenic Bt rice line T2A-1 expresses a synthesized cry2A gene that shows high resistance to Lepidoptera pests, including Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Plant volatile orientation cues and the physical characteristics of the leaf surface play key roles in host location or host-plant acceptance of phytophagous insects. These volatile compounds and physical traits may become altered in Bt rice and it is not known whether this influences the behavior of C. medinalis when searching for oviposition sites. Results: The results of electronic nose analysis showed that the Radar map of Bt rice cultivars was analogous to the non-Bt rice cultivars at each growing stage. PCA analysis was able to partly discriminate between some of the Bt vs. non-Bt rice sensors, but could not to separate Bt cultivars from non-Bt cultivars. The total ion chromatogram between Bt and non-Bt rice cultivars at the seedling, booting and tillering stages were similar and 25 main compounds were identified by GC-MS. For most compounds, there was no significant difference in compound quantities between Bt and non-Bt rice cultivars at equivalent growth stages. The densities of the tubercle papicles and the trichomes on the upper and lower surfaces were statistically equal in Bt and non-Bt rice. The target pest, C. medinalis, was attracted to host rice plants, but it could not distinguish between the transgenic and the isogenic rice lines. Conclusions: There were no significant differences between the Bt rice line, T2A-1 and the non-Bt rice for volatiles produced or in its physical characteristics and there were no negative impacts on C. medinalis oviposition behavior. These results add to the mounting evidence that Bt rice has no negative impact on the target insect oviposition behavior. C1 [Sun, Xiao; Zhou, Wen; Liu, Hao; Ai, Chao-Ren; Zhou, Shuang-Shuang; Zhou, Chang-Xiang; Wang, Man-Qun] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Hubei Insect Resources Utilizat & Sustainable Pes, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Aijun] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Wang, MQ (reprint author), Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Hubei Insect Resources Utilizat & Sustainable Pes, Wuhan, Peoples R China. EM mqwang@mail.hzau.edu.cn FU National Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects of China [2011ZZX08001-001]; Huazhong Agricultural University Scientific & Technological Self-innovation Foundation; Ministry of Agriculture of China [200903051] FX This study was supported and funded by the National Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects of China (No: 2011ZZX08001-001), Huazhong Agricultural University Scientific & Technological Self-innovation Foundation and The Industry Project of the Ministry of Agriculture of China (200903051). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 11 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79032 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079032 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 255EG UT WOS:000327221600098 PM 24244410 ER PT J AU Haldar, S Beveridge, AJ Wong, J Singh, A Galimberti, D Borroni, B Zhu, XW Blevins, J Greenlee, J Perry, G Mukhopadhyay, CK Schmotzer, C Singh, N AF Haldar, Swati Beveridge, Alim J. Wong, Joseph Singh, Ajay Galimberti, Daniela Borroni, Barbara Zhu, Xiongwei Blevins, Janis Greenlee, Justin Perry, George Mukhopadhyay, Chinmay K. Schmotzer, Christine Singh, Neena TI A Low-Molecular-Weight Ferroxidase Is Increased in the CSF of sCJD Cases: CSF Ferroxidase and Transferrin as Diagnostic Biomarkers for sCJD SO ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE DEMENTIA; LEWY BODY DISEASE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PRION PROTEIN; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES AB Aims: Most biomarkers used for the premortem diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are surrogate in nature, and provide suboptimal sensitivity and specificity. Results: We report that CJD-associated brain iron dyshomeostasis is reflected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), providing disease-specific diagnostic biomarkers. Analysis of 290 premortem CSF samples from confirmed cases of CJD, Alzheimer's disease, and other dementias (DMs), and 52 non-DM (ND) controls revealed a significant difference in ferroxidase (Frx) activity and transferrin (Tf) levels in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) relative to other DM and ND controls. A combination of CSF Frx and Tf discriminated sCJD from other DMs with a sensitivity of 86.8%, specificity of 92.5%, accuracy of 88.9%, and area-under-the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.94. This combination provided a similar diagnostic accuracy in discriminating CJD from rapidly progressing cases who died within 6 months of sample collection. Surprisingly, ceruloplasmin and amyloid precursor protein, the major brain Frxs, displayed minimal activity in the CSF. Most of the Frx activity was concentrated in the <3-kDa fraction in normal and diseased CSF, and resisted heat and proteinase-K treatment. Innovation: (i) A combination of CSF Frx and Tf provides disease-specific premortem diagnostic biomarkers for sCJD. (ii) A novel, nonenzymatic, nonprotein Frx predominates in human CSF that is distinct from the currently known CSF Frxs. Conclusion: The underlying cause of iron imbalance is distinct in sCJD relative to other DMs associated with the brain iron imbalance. Thus, change in the CSF levels of iron-management proteins can provide disease-specific biomarkers and insight into the cause of iron imbalance in neurodegenerative conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 19, 1662-1675. C1 [Haldar, Swati; Singh, Ajay; Zhu, Xiongwei; Blevins, Janis; Schmotzer, Christine; Singh, Neena] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Beveridge, Alim J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Org Behav, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Wong, Joseph] Case Western Reserve Univ, Case Med Sch, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Galimberti, Daniela] Univ Milan, IRCCS Osped Maggiore Policlin, Fdn Ca Granda, Dept Pathophysiol & Transplantat,Ctr Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy. [Borroni, Barbara] Univ Brescia, Neurol Unit, Ctr Neurodegenerat Disorders, Brescia, Italy. [Greenlee, Justin] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Perry, George] Univ Texas San Antonio, Coll Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. [Mukhopadhyay, Chinmay K.] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Special Ctr Mol Med, New Delhi 110067, India. RP Singh, N (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, 2103 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM neena.singh@case.edu RI Perry, George/A-8611-2009; OI Perry, George/0000-0002-6547-0172; galimberti, daniela/0000-0002-9284-5953 FU NIH [NS077438, NS076139, DK088390] FX We thank Pierluigi Gambetti, the Director of the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (NPDPSC), for providing CSF samples of the sCJD and DM cases. This study was funded by NIH grants NS077438, NS076139, and DK088390 to N.S. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1523-0864 EI 1557-7716 J9 ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN JI Antioxid. Redox Signal. PD NOV 10 PY 2013 VL 19 IS 14 BP 1662 EP 1675 DI 10.1089/ars.2012.5032 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 239PF UT WOS:000326037100005 PM 23379482 ER PT J AU Vaughn, NR Asner, GP Giardina, CP AF Vaughn, Nicholas R. Asner, Gregory P. Giardina, Christian P. TI Polar grid fraction as an estimator of montane tropical forest canopy structure using airborne lidar SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; GAP FRACTION; LIGHT; SEEDLINGS; DENSITY; COVER AB The structure of a forest canopy is the key determinant of light transmission, use and understory availability. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has been used successfully to measure multiple canopy structural properties, thereby greatly reducing the fieldwork required to map spatial variation in structure. However, lidar metrics to date do not reflect the full extent of the three-dimensional information available from the data. To this end, we developed a new metric, the polar grid fraction (GRID), based on gridding lidar returns in polar coordinates, in order to more closely match measurements provided by field instruments on leaf area index (LAI), gap fraction (GF) and percentage photosynthetically active radiation transmittance (tPAR). The metric summarizes the arrangement of lidar point returns for a single ground location rather than to an area surrounding the location.Compared with more traditional proportion-based and height percentile-based estimators, the GRID estimator increased validation R-2 by 14.5% for GF and 6.0% for tPAR over the next best estimator. LAI was still best estimated with the more traditional statistic based on the proportion of ground returns in 14m x 14m moving kernels. By applying the models to a 2 x 2m grid across the lidar coverage area, extreme values occurred in the estimations of all three response variables when using proportion-based and height percentile-based estimators. However, no extreme values were estimated by models using the GRID estimator, indicating that models based on GRID may be less influenced by spurious data. These results suggest that the GRID estimator is a strong candidate for any project requiring estimates of canopy metrics for large areas. C1 [Vaughn, Nicholas R.; Giardina, Christian P.] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Vaughn, Nicholas R.; Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Vaughn, NR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM nvaughn@carnegiescience.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0715593, DEB-1019928]; Carnegie Institute of Science; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station FX We thank Ty Kennedy-Bowdoin, other Carnegie Airborne Observatory staff members, and Devin Leopold for assistance with airborne lidar data collection, processing and analysis. We thank Bernice Hwang, Tony Kovach, Colin Phifer, and Britney Sung for field measurements. We thank the University of Hawai'i at Hilo for access to GPS equipment, and the State of Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife for access to field sites. Funding for this research was provided by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0715593 (GPA), the Carnegie Institute of Science and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station as part of a larger project funded by National Science Foundation grants DEB-1020412 (T. Fukami, CPG, GPA), DEB-1020007 (D. S. Gruner), and DEB-1019928 (D.J. Flaspohler). The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is made possible by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Avatar Alliance Foundation, W. M. Keck Foundation, the Margaret A. Cargill Foundation, Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, Mary Anne Nyburg Baker, G. Leonard Baker Jr., and William R. Hearst III. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 21 BP 7464 EP 7473 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2013.820003 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 218VE UT WOS:000324459800002 ER PT J AU Murray, GGR Woolhouse, MEJ Tapio, M Mbole-Kariuki, MN Sonstegard, TS Thumbi, SM Jennings, AE van Wyk, IC Chase-Topping, M Kiara, H Toye, P Coetzer, K Bronsvoort, BMD Hanotte, O AF Murray, Gemma G. R. Woolhouse, Mark E. J. Tapio, Miika Mbole-Kariuki, Mary N. Sonstegard, Tad S. Thumbi, Samuel M. Jennings, Amy E. van Wyk, Ilana Conradie Chase-Topping, Margo Kiara, Henry Toye, Phil Coetzer, Koos Bronsvoort, Barend M. deC Hanotte, Olivier TI Genetic susceptibility to infectious disease in East African Shorthorn Zebu: a genome-wide analysis of the effect of heterozygosity and exotic introgression SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Inbreeding depression; Heterozygosity; Fitness; Infectious disease; Exotic introgression; Local adaptation; Cattle ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; FITNESS CORRELATIONS; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; THEILERIA-ANNULATA; CATTLE; POPULATIONS; WILD; TRYPANOSOMIASIS; ASSOCIATION; HOLSTEINS AB Background: Positive multi-locus heterozygosity-fitness correlations have been observed in a number of natural populations. They have been explained by the correlation between heterozygosity and inbreeding, and the negative effect of inbreeding on fitness (inbreeding depression). Exotic introgression in a locally adapted population has also been found to reduce fitness (outbreeding depression) through the breaking-up of co-adapted genes, or the introduction of non-locally adapted gene variants. In this study we examined the inter-relationships between genome-wide heterozygosity, introgression, and death or illness as a result of infectious disease in a sample of calves from an indigenous population of East African Shorthorn Zebu (crossbred Bos taurus x Bos indicus) in western Kenya. These calves were observed from birth to one year of age as part of the Infectious Disease in East African Livestock (IDEAL) project. Some of the calves were found to be genetic hybrids, resulting from the recent introgression of European cattle breed(s) into the indigenous population. European cattle are known to be less well adapted to the infectious diseases present in East Africa. If death and illness as a result of infectious disease have a genetic basis within the population, we would expect both a negative association of these outcomes with introgression and a positive association with heterozygosity. Results: In this indigenous livestock population we observed negative associations between heterozygosity and both death and illness as a result of infectious disease and a positive association between European taurine introgression and episodes of clinical illness. Conclusion: We observe the effects of both inbreeding and outbreeding depression in the East African Shorthorn Zebu, and therefore find evidence of a genetic component to vulnerability to infectious disease. These results indicate that the significant burden of infectious disease in this population could, in principle, be reduced by altered breeding practices. C1 [Murray, Gemma G. R.; Woolhouse, Mark E. J.; Thumbi, Samuel M.; Chase-Topping, Margo] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. [Murray, Gemma G. R.; Woolhouse, Mark E. J.; Thumbi, Samuel M.; Chase-Topping, Margo] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. [Murray, Gemma G. R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England. [Tapio, Miika] MTT Agrifood Res Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. [Mbole-Kariuki, Mary N.; Hanotte, Olivier] Univ Nottingham, Sch Life Sci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Sonstegard, Tad S.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jennings, Amy E.; Bronsvoort, Barend M. deC] Univ Edinburgh, Roslin Inst, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. [van Wyk, Ilana Conradie; Coetzer, Koos] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Kiara, Henry; Toye, Phil] Int Livestock Res, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. RP Murray, GGR (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. EM ggrm2@cam.ac.uk RI Murray, Gemma/L-2719-2015 OI Murray, Gemma/0000-0002-9531-1711 FU Wellcome Trust [WT079445MF]; USDA Agricultural Research Service project [1265-31000-104-00D] FX The IDEAL project was funded by the Wellcome Trust (grant reference WT079445MF). USDA-ARS bovine functional laboratory and Geneseek veterinary diagnostics provided invaluable technical assistance for the genotyping of the samples.; This project was also partially supported by USDA Agricultural Research Service project 1265-31000-104-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 26 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD NOV 9 PY 2013 VL 13 AR 246 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-13-246 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 272KV UT WOS:000328460200001 PM 24209611 ER PT J AU Zhang, MQ Powell, CA Benyon, LS Zhou, H Duan, YP AF Zhang, Muqing Powell, Charles A. Benyon, Lesley S. Zhou, Hui Duan, Yongping TI Deciphering the Bacterial Microbiome of Citrus Plants in Response to 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-Infection and Antibiotic Treatments SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SAO-PAULO STATE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; INTERACTIVE TREE; GREENING DISEASE; DIVERSITY; XYLOSOXYDANS; ANNOTATION; ALGORITHM; SEQUENCE AB The bacterial microbiomes of citrus plants were characterized in response to 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las)-infection and treatments with ampicillin (Amp) and gentamicin (Gm) by Phylochip-based metagenomics. The results revealed that 7,407 of over 50,000 known Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in 53 phyla were detected in citrus leaf midribs using the PhyloChip (TM) G3 array, of which five phyla were dominant, Proteobacteria (38.7%), Firmicutes (29.0%), Actinobacteria (16.1%), Bacteroidetes (6.2%) and Cyanobacteria (2.3%). The OTU62806, representing 'Candidatus Liberibacter', was present with a high titer in the plants graft-inoculated with Las-infected scions treated with Gm at 100 mg/L and in the water-treated control (CK1). However, the Las bacterium was not detected in the plants graft-inoculated with Las-infected scions treated with Amp at 1.0 g/L or in plants graft-inoculated with Las-free scions (CK2). The PhyloChip array demonstrated that more OTUs, at a higher abundance, were detected in the Gm-treated plants than in the other treatment and the controls. Pairwise comparisons indicated that 23 OTUs from the Achromobacter spp. and 12 OTUs from the Methylobacterium spp. were more abundant in CK2 and CK1, respectively. Ten abundant OTUs from the Stenotrophomonas spp. were detected only in the Amp-treatment. These results provide new insights into microbial communities that may be associated with the progression of citrus huanglongbing (HLB) and the potential effects of antibiotics on the disease and microbial ecology. C1 [Zhang, Muqing; Powell, Charles A.] IFAS UF, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Zhang, Muqing; Benyon, Lesley S.; Duan, Yongping] USDA ARS, US Hort Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Zhang, Muqing; Zhou, Hui] Guangxi Univ, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Nanning, Guangxi, Peoples R China. RP Duan, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM yongping.duan@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation [161, 162]; Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Service-Specialty Crop Block [018023] FX This work was supported by the Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation awards 161 and 162 and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Service-Specialty Crop Block Grant 018023. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 8 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e76331 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0076331 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 255CG UT WOS:000327216200005 PM 24250784 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Tiwari, K Chikweto, A DeAllie, C Sharma, R Thomas, D Choudhary, S Ferreira, LR Oliveira, S Verma, SK Kwok, OCH Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Tiwari, K. Chikweto, A. DeAllie, C. Sharma, R. Thomas, D. Choudhary, S. Ferreira, L. R. Oliveira, S. Verma, S. K. Kwok, O. C. H. Su, C. TI Isolation and RFLP genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from the domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) from Grenada, West Indies revealed high genetic variability SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Dog (Canis familiaris); Seroprevalence; Isolation; Genetic types; Grenada ID CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; HIGH PREVALENCE; OOCYSTS; RECOMBINATION; TRANSMISSION; LINEAGES; DISEASE AB Stray dogs are considered as sentinels in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii because they are carnivores and eat a variety of foods, including garbage. In the present study, tissues and sera of 249 stray dogs (Canis familiaris) from Grenada, West Indies were examined for T. gondii infection. Sera were examined for antibodies to T. gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT); 89(35.7%) of 249 were seropositive with titers of 25 in seven dogs, 50 in 22 dogs, 100 in 22 dogs, 200 or higher in 38 dogs. Hearts of 76 seropositive dogs were bioassayed in mice. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 12 dogs; these isolates were designated TgDogGr1 to TgDogGr12. These isolates were further propagated in cell culture and DNA isolated from cell culture derived tachyzoites of 12 isolates was genotyped using 10 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism markers (SAG, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, 1358, PK1, and Apico). The results revealed six genotypes, including ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #1, #2, #3, #7, #13 and #224, with 1, 6, 1, 2, 1 and 1 isolates, respectively. The result supports previous findings that T. gondii population genetics is highly diverse in Grenada. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Choudhary, S.; Ferreira, L. R.; Oliveira, S.; Verma, S. K.; Kwok, O. C. H.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tiwari, K.; Chikweto, A.; DeAllie, C.; Sharma, R.] St Georges Univ, Sch Vet Med, Pathobiol Acad Program, St Georges, Grenada. [Thomas, D.] Minist Agr Forestry Fisheries & Environm, Tanteen, St Georges, Grenada. [Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Oliveira , Solange/B-7544-2014; Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 8 PY 2013 VL 197 IS 3-4 BP 623 EP 626 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.029 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 266GD UT WOS:000328010500027 PM 24041485 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Alvarado-Esquivel, C Herrera-Valenzuela, VH Ortiz-Diaz, JJ Oliveira, S Verma, SK Choudhary, S Kwok, OCH Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Alvarado-Esquivel, C. Herrera-Valenzuela, V. H. Ortiz-Diaz, J. J. Oliveira, S. Verma, S. K. Choudhary, S. Kwok, O. C. H. Su, C. TI A new atypical genotype mouse virulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from the heart of a wild caught puma (Felis concolor) from Durango, Mexico SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Wildlife; Seroprevalence; Isolation; Genetic types; Mexico ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; HIGH PREVALENCE; LINEAGES; ANIMALS; DISEASE; CATS AB Nothing is known of the genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii circulating in wildlife in Mexico. In the present study, a mouse virulent T. gondii strain was isolated from the heart of a wild puma (Fells concolor). The puma was found roaming in outskirt of Durango City, Mexico and tranquilized for moving to a zoo. The puma died during translocation and a necropsy examination was performed. The puma had an antibody titer for T. gondii of 200 by the modified agglutination test. Its heart and brain tissue were bioassayed into 2 outbred Swiss Webster (SW) and 1 gamma interferon gene knockout (KO) mouse. The KO mouse and the 2 SW mice that became infected after inoculation with homogenate of puma heart died of acute toxoplasmosis 12,19 and 20 days p.i. respectively and tachyzoites were found in lungs of all 3 mice. None of the 4 SW and 1 KO mouse inoculated with digest of the puma brain became infected with T. gondii. Tachyzoites from the lungs of mice were propagated in cell cultures. Tachyzoites from cell culture were inoculated into 5 SW; the mice died or had to be killed 14 days p.i. and a cat fed tissues of these mice shed T. gondii oocysts. Results of mortality and infectivity of tachyzoites and oocysts in SW mice indicated that the puma T. gondii strain (designated TgPumaMe1) was virulent for outbred mice. DNA isolated from culture-derived tachyzoites was characterized using 11 PCR-RFLP markers (SAG1, 5'- and 3'-SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, STUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico) revealed a new genotype (ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #222). Isolation of atypical genotype T. gondii from wild puma indicates that mouse virulent strains are circulating in wildlife in Mexico. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Oliveira, S.; Verma, S. K.; Choudhary, S.; Kwok, O. C. H.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alvarado-Esquivel, C.] Juarez Univ Durango State, Fac Med & Nutr, Durango 34000, Mexico. [Herrera-Valenzuela, V. H.; Ortiz-Diaz, J. J.] Zool Sahuatoba, Durango 34100, Dgo, Mexico. [Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Oliveira , Solange/B-7544-2014; Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 8 PY 2013 VL 197 IS 3-4 BP 674 EP 677 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.06.005 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 266GD UT WOS:000328010500037 PM 23849518 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Choudhary, S Ferreira, LR Kwok, OCH Butler, E Carstensen, M Yu, L Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Choudhary, S. Ferreira, L. R. Kwok, O. C. H. Butler, E. Carstensen, M. Yu, L. Su, C. TI Isolation and RFLP genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from the gray wolf (Canis lupus) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Gray wolf (Canis lupus); Wildlife; Seroprevalence; Isolation; Genetic types; USA ID OTTERS ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; HIGH PREVALENCE; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; POPULATION-GENETICS; HUMAN CONSUMPTION; UNITED-STATES; WILDLIFE; DIVERSITY; LINEAGES AB Little is known of the genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii circulating in wildlife. In the present study feral gray wolves (Canis lupus) from Minnesota were examined for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 130(52.4%) of 248 wolves tested by the modified agglutination test (cut-off titer of 25). Tissues (hearts, brains or both) of 109 wolves were bioassayed in mice for protozoal isolation. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 25 and the isolates were further propagated in cell culture. T. gondii DNA from these isolates was characterized using 10 PCR-RFLP markers (SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, STUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, 1358, PI(1 and Apico). Four genotypes were detected. Twenty-one isolates were Type 12 (ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotype #5), 2 were Type II clonal (ToxoDB #1), 1 was Type II variant (ToxoDB #3), and 1 was a new genotype designated as ToxoDB genotype #219. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Choudhary, S.; Ferreira, L. R.; Kwok, O. C. H.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Butler, E.; Carstensen, M.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. [Yu, L.] Anhui Med Univ, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Hefei 230022, Peoples R China. [Yu, L.; Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 8 PY 2013 VL 197 IS 3-4 BP 685 EP 690 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.05.011 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 266GD UT WOS:000328010500040 PM 23786787 ER PT J AU Maksimov, P Zerweck, J Dubey, JP Pantchev, N Frey, CF Maksimov, A Reimer, U Schutkowski, M Hosseininejad, M Ziller, M Conraths, FJ Schares, G AF Maksimov, Pavlo Zerweck, Johannes Dubey, Jitender P. Pantchev, Nikola Frey, Caroline F. Maksimov, Aline Reimer, Ulf Schutkowski, Mike Hosseininejad, Morteza Ziller, Mario Conraths, Franz J. Schares, Gereon TI Serotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Cats (Felis domesticus) Reveals Predominance of Type II Infections in Germany SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY MOUSE-VIRULENT; B-CELL EPITOPES; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; MICROARRAY EXPERIMENTS; POLYMORPHIC PEPTIDES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; EPIGENETIC FACTORS; SOUTH-AMERICA; RISK-FACTORS AB Background: Cats are definitive hosts of Toxoplasma gondii and play an essential role in the epidemiology of this parasite. The study aims at clarifying whether cats are able to develop specific antibodies against different clonal types of T. gondii and to determine by serotyping the T. gondii clonal types prevailing in cats as intermediate hosts in Germany. Methodology: To establish a peptide-microarray serotyping test, we identified 24 suitable peptides using serological T. gondii positive (n=21) and negative cat sera (n=52). To determine the clonal type-specific antibody response of cats in Germany, 86 field sera from T. gondii seropositive naturally infected cats were tested. In addition, we analyzed the antibody response in cats experimentally infected with non-canonical T. gondii types (n=7). Findings: Positive cat reference sera reacted predominantly with peptides harbouring amino acid sequences specific for the clonal T. gondii type the cats were infected with. When the array was applied to field sera from Germany, 98.8% (85/86) of naturally-infected cats recognized similar peptide patterns as T. gondii type II reference sera and showed the strongest reaction intensities with clonal type II-specific peptides. In addition, naturally infected cats recognized type II-specific peptides significantly more frequently than peptides of other type-specificities. Cats infected with non-canonical types showed the strongest reactivity with peptides presenting amino-acid sequences specific for both, type I and type III. Conclusions: Cats are able to mount a clonal type-specific antibody response against T. gondii. Serotyping revealed for most seropositive field sera patterns resembling those observed after clonal type II-T. gondii infection. This finding is in accord with our previous results on the occurrence of T. gondii clonal types in oocysts shed by cats in Germany. C1 [Maksimov, Pavlo; Maksimov, Aline; Conraths, Franz J.; Schares, Gereon] Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Epidemiol, Greifswald, Germany. [Zerweck, Johannes; Reimer, Ulf] Peptide Technol GmbH, JPT, Berlin, Germany. [Dubey, Jitender P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, ANRI,BARC East, Beltsville, MD USA. [Pantchev, Nikola] Vet Med Labor GmbH, Div IDEXX Labs, Ludwigsburg, Germany. [Frey, Caroline F.] Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Inst Parasitol, Bern, Switzerland. [Schutkowski, Mike] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Dept Enzymol, Inst Biochem & Biotechnol, D-06108 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Hosseininejad, Morteza] Univ Shahrekord, Fac Vet Med, Shahrekord, Iran. [Ziller, Mario] Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Workgrp Biomath, Greifswald, Germany. RP Maksimov, P (reprint author), Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Epidemiol, Greifswald, Germany. EM pavlo_maksimov@gmx.de; gereon.schares@fli.bund.de OI Frey, Caroline/0000-0002-6478-7493; Schares, Gereon/0000-0002-3217-289X; Conraths, Franz/0000-0002-7400-9409 FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [Toxonet01, Toxonet02, 01KI0765, 01KI1002F] FX The study was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Toxonet01 and Toxonet02) by funds to G. Schares (01KI0765; 01KI1002F). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e80213 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080213 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 254KD UT WOS:000327162900067 PM 24244652 ER PT J AU Tabashnik, BE Fabrick, JA Unnithan, GC Yelich, AJ Masson, L Zhang, J Bravo, A Soberon, M AF Tabashnik, Bruce E. Fabrick, Jeffrey A. Unnithan, Gopalan C. Yelich, Alex J. Masson, Luke Zhang, Jie Bravo, Alejandra Soberon, Mario TI Efficacy of Genetically Modified Bt Toxins Alone and in Combinations Against Pink Bollworm Resistant to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; INSECT RESISTANCE; PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA; FIELD-RESISTANCE; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; LEPIDOPTERA; CROPS; COTTON; PESTS; GELECHIIDAE AB Evolution of resistance in pests threatens the long-term efficacy of insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) used in sprays and transgenic crops. Previous work showed that genetically modified Bt toxins Cry1AbMod and Cry1AcMod effectively countered resistance to native Bt toxins Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac in some pests, including pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella). Here we report that Cry1AbMod and Cry1AcMod were also effective against a laboratory-selected strain of pink bollworm resistant to Cry2Ab as well as to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac. Resistance ratios based on the concentration of toxin killing 50% of larvae for the resistant strain relative to a susceptible strain were 210 for Cry2Ab, 270 for Cry1Ab, and 310 for Cry1Ac, but only 1.6 for Cry1AbMod and 2.1 for Cry1AcMod. To evaluate the interactions among toxins, we tested combinations of Cry1AbMod, Cry1Ac, and Cry2Ab. For both the resistant and susceptible strains, the net results across all concentrations tested showed slight but significant synergism between Cry1AbMod and Cry2Ab, whereas the other combinations of toxins did not show consistent synergism or antagonism. The results suggest that the modified toxins might be useful for controlling populations of pink bollworm resistant to Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab, or both. C1 [Tabashnik, Bruce E.; Unnithan, Gopalan C.; Yelich, Alex J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fabrick, Jeffrey A.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Masson, Luke] Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. [Zhang, Jie] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Bravo, Alejandra; Soberon, Mario] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62191, Morelos, Mexico. RP Tabashnik, BE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM brucet@cals.arizona.edu FU USDA-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative [2008-35302-0390] FX This work was supported by USDA-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Grant 2008-35302-0390. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 44 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e80496 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080496 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 254KD UT WOS:000327162900082 PM 24244692 ER PT J AU Murgia, I De Gara, L Grusak, MA AF Murgia, Irene De Gara, Laura Grusak, Michael A. TI Biofortification: how can we exploit plant science and biotechnology to reduce micronutrient deficiencies? SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE biofortification; human nutrition; micronutrients; mineral deficiencies; vitamin deficiencies ID IRON-BIOFORTIFICATION; RICE; STRATEGIES; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; IODINE C1 [Murgia, Irene] Univ Milan, Dept Biosci, Milan, Italy. [De Gara, Laura] Univ Campus Biomed Roma, Ctr Integrato Ric, Rome, Italy. [Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Murgia, I (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dept Biosci, Milan, Italy. EM irene.murgia@unimi.it; L.Degara@unicampus.it; mgrusak@bcm.edu OI De Gara, Laura/0000-0001-5938-7113 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 26 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PD NOV 6 PY 2013 VL 4 AR 429 DI 10.3389/fpls.2013.00429 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AA9WF UT WOS:000331443000001 PM 24223578 ER PT J AU Huang, YZ Li, MX Wang, J Zhan, ZY Sun, YJ Sun, JJ Li, CJ Lan, XY Lei, CZ Zhang, CL Chen, H AF Huang, Yong-Zhen Li, Ming-Xun Wang, Jing Zhan, Zhao-Yang Sun, Yu-Jia Sun, Jia-Jie Li, Cong-Jun Lan, Xian-Yong Lei, Chu-Zhao Zhang, Chun-Lei Chen, Hong TI A 5 '-Regulatory Region and Two Coding Region Polymorphisms Modulate Promoter Activity and Gene Expression of the Growth Suppressor Gene ZBED6 in Cattle SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENOME-WIDE; MUSCLE MASS; IGF2 LOCUS; TRAITS; INSULIN; BINDING; PIGS; QTL; SKELETAL AB Zinc finger, BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6) is an important transcription factor in placental mammals, affecting development, cell proliferation and growth. Polymorphisms in its promoter and coding regions are likely to impact ZBED6 transcription and growth traits. In this study, rapid amplification of 5' cDNA ends (5'-RACE) analysis revealed two transcription start sites (TSS) for the bovine ZBED6 starting within exon 1 of the ZC3H11A gene (TSS-1) and upstream of the translation start codon of the ZBED6 gene (TSS-2). There was one SNP in the promoter and two missense mutations in the coding region of the bovine ZBED6 by sequencing of the pooled DNA samples (Pool-Seq, n = 100). The promoter and coding region are the key regions for gene function; polymorphisms in these regions can alter gene expression. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that ZBED6 has a broad tissue distribution in cattle and is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Eleven promoter-detection vectors were constructed, which enabled the cloning of putative promoter sequences and analysis of ZBED6 transcriptional activity by luciferase reporter gene assays. The core region of the basal promoter of bovine ZBED6 is located within region -866 to -556. The activity of WT-826G-pGL3 in driving reporter gene transcription is significantly higher than that of the M-826A-pGL3 construct (P < 0.01). Analysis of gene expression patterns in homozygous full-sibling Chinese Qinchuan cattle showed that the mutant-type Hap-AGG exhibited a lower mRNA level than the wild-type Hap-GCA (P < 0.05) in longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM). Moreover, ZBED6 mRNA expression was low in C2C12 cells overexpressing the mutant-type ZBED6 (pcDNA3.1(+)-Hap-GG) (P < 0.01). Our results suggest that the polymorphisms in the promoter and coding regions may modulate the promoter activity and gene expression of bovine ZBED6 in the skeletal muscles of these cattle breeds. C1 [Huang, Yong-Zhen; Li, Ming-Xun; Wang, Jing; Zhan, Zhao-Yang; Sun, Yu-Jia; Sun, Jia-Jie; Lan, Xian-Yong; Lei, Chu-Zhao; Chen, Hong] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Shaanxi Key Lab Mol Biol Agr, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Li, Cong-Jun] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Zhang, Chun-Lei] Jiangsu Normal Univ, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Shaanxi Key Lab Mol Biol Agr, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM chenhong1212@263.net FU National 863 Program of China [2013AA102505]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31272408]; Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Projects of Shaanxi Province [2012NKC01-13]; Program of National Beef Cattle and Yak Industrial Technology System [CARS-38] FX This study was supported by the National 863 Program of China (Grant No. 2013AA102505), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31272408), Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Projects of Shaanxi Province (No. 2012NKC01-13), Program of National Beef Cattle and Yak Industrial Technology System (CARS-38). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 6 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79744 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079744 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247XD UT WOS:000326656200083 PM 24223190 ER PT J AU Comas, LH Becker, SR Cruz, VV Byrne, PF Dierig, DA AF Comas, Louise H. Becker, Steven R. Cruz, Von Mark V. Byrne, Patrick F. Dierig, David A. TI Root traits contributing to plant productivity under drought SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE root mophology; root architecture; hydraulic conductance; hydraulic conductivity; QTL; drought tolerance; MAS ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; WATER-LIMITED ENVIRONMENTS; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE; XYLEM CAVITATION; GRAIN-YIELD; UPLAND RICE; ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AB Geneticists and breeders are positioned to breed plants with root traits that improve productivity under drought. However, a better understanding of root functional traits and how traits are related to whole plant strategies to increase crop productivity under different drought conditions is needed. Root traits associated with maintaining plant productivity under drought include small fine root diameters, long specific root length, and considerable root length density, especially at depths in soil with available water. In environments with late season water deficits, small xylem diameters in targeted seminal roots save soil water deep in the soil profile for use during crop maturation and result in improved yields. Capacity for deep root growth and large xylem diameters in deep roots may also improve root acquisition of water when ample water at depth is available. Xylem pit anatomy that makes xylem less "leaky" and prone to cavitation warrants further exploration holding promise that such traits may improve plant productivity in water-limited environments without negatively impacting yield under adequate water conditions. Rapid resumption of root growth following soil rewetting may improve plant productivity under episodic drought. Genetic control of many of these traits through breeding appears feasible. Several recent reviews have covered methods for screening root traits but an appreciation for the complexity of root systems (e.g., functional differences between fine and coarse roots) needs to be paired with these methods to successfully identify relevant traits for crop improvement. Screening of root traits at early stages in plant development can proxy traits at mature stages but verification is needed on a case by case basis that traits are linked to increased crop productivity under drought. Examples in lesquerella (Physaria) and rice (Oryza) show approaches to phenotyping of root traits and current understanding of root trait genetics for breeding. C1 [Comas, Louise H.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Becker, Steven R.; Byrne, Patrick F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cruz, Von Mark V.; Dierig, David A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Cruz, Von Mark V.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Comas, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Avenue,Bldg D,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM louise.comas@ars.usda.gov NR 205 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 38 U2 265 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 4 AR 442 DI 10.3389/fpls.2013.00442 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AB0FK UT WOS:000331467000001 PM 24204374 ER PT J AU Wang, ZJ Zhu, JY Fu, YJ Qin, MH Shao, ZY Jiang, JG Yang, F AF Wang, Zhaojiang Zhu, J. Y. Fu, Yingjuan Qin, Menghua Shao, Zhiyong Jiang, Jungang Yang, Fang TI Lignosulfonate-mediated cellulase adsorption: enhanced enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose through weakening nonproductive binding to lignin SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS LA English DT Article DE Enzymatic saccharification/hydrolysis; Lignin/lignosulfonate; Nonproductive/nonspecific binding/adsorption; Polyelectrolyte-protein complexes; Pretreatment ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; CORN STOVER; HYDROLYSIS; PROTEIN; PRETREATMENT; INHIBITION; SURFACE; PH; POLYELECTROLYTES; DIGESTIBILITY AB Background: Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulose is crucial to bioconversion in the fields of biorefinery and biofuels. However, the enzyme inhibitors in pretreatment hydrolysate make solid substrate washing and hydrolysate detoxification indispensable prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL) is a relatively new process, but has demonstrated robust performance for sugar and biofuel production from woody biomass in terms of yield and energy efficiency. This study demonstrated the advantage of SPORL pretreatment whereby the presentation of lignosulfonate (LS) renders the hydrolysate non-inhibitory to cellulase (Cel) due to the formation of lignosulfonate-cellulase complexes (LCCs) which can mediate the Cel adsorption between lignin and cellulose, contrary to the conventional belief that pretreatment hydrolysate inhibits the enzymatic hydrolysis unless detoxified. Results: Particular emphasis was made on the formation mechanisms and stability phase of LCCs, the electrostatic interaction between LCCs and lignin, and the redistributed Cel adsorption between lignin and cellulose. The study found that LS, the byproduct of SPORL pretreatment, behaves as a polyelectrolyte to form LCCs with Cel by associating to the oppositely charged groups of protein. Compared to Cel, the zeta potential of LCCs is more negative and adjustable by altering the molar ratio of LS to Cel, and thereby LCCs have the ability to mitigate the nonproductive binding of Cel to lignin because of the enlarged electrostatic repulsion. Experimental results showed that the benefit from the reduced nonproductive binding outweighed the detrimental effects from the inhibitors in pretreatment hydrolysate. Specifically, the glucan conversions of solid substrate from poplar and lodgepole pine were greatly elevated by 25.9% and 31.8%, respectively, with the complete addition of the corresponding hydrolysate. This contradicts the well-acknowledged concept in the fields of biofuels and biorefinery that the pretreatment hydrolysate is inhibitory to enzymes. Conclusions: The results reported in this study also suggest significant advantages of SPORL pretreatment in terms of water consumption and process integration, that is, it should abolish the steps of solid substrate washing and pretreatment hydrolysate detoxification for direct simultaneous saccharification and combined fermentation (SSCombF) of enzymatic and pretreatment hydrolysate, thereby facilitating bioprocess consolidation. Furthermore, this study not only has practical significance to biorefinery and bioenergy, but it also provides scientific importance to the molecular design of composite enzyme-polyelectrolyte systems, such as immobilized enzymes and enzyme activators, as well as to the design of enzyme separation processes using water-soluble polyelectrolytes. C1 [Wang, Zhaojiang; Fu, Yingjuan; Qin, Menghua; Shao, Zhiyong; Jiang, Jungang; Yang, Fang] Qilu Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Paper Sci & Technol, Jinan, Peoples R China. [Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Qin, Menghua] Taishan Univ, Organ Chem Lab, Tai An 271021, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, ZJ (reprint author), Qilu Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Paper Sci & Technol, Jinan, Peoples R China. EM wzj820415@gmail.com FU USDA FPL; South China University of Technology (State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Open Fund) [201240]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31300492, BS2013NJ009] FX This research was supported by the USDA FPL and South China University of Technology (State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Open Fund number: 201240). This research was also sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through the programs of 31300492 and BS2013NJ009. We are very grateful to JY Zhu at USDA FPL who provided critical advice and direction for the study. We also express our gratitude to colleagues ZC Li, DQ Wang, and CJ Wu for pretreatments, DLS analysis, and protein assay, separately. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 73 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-6834 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS JI Biotechnol. Biofuels PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 6 AR 156 DI 10.1186/1754-6834-6-156 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 270YD UT WOS:000328354700001 PM 24188090 ER PT J AU Jaronski, ST AF Jaronski, Stefan T. TI Mycosis inhibits cannibalism by Melanoplus sanguinipes, M. differentialis, Schistocerca americana, and Anabrus simplex SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; behavior; biocontrol; grasshoppers; mormon cricket; Metarhizium acridum ID RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; PLANT ODORS; ACRIDIDAE; SCARABAEIDAE; ATTRACTION; REPELLENCY; COLEOPTERA AB Cannibalism is common among the Acrididae and the Mormon cricket, Anabrus simplex Haldeman (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). This behavior has been proposed as a mechanism for the horizontal transmission of Microsporida and entomopathogenic fungi. Aanecdotal observations suggested that the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes Fabricius (Acrididae), and A. simplex did not eat cadavers that had been killed by insect pathogenic fungi. The hypothesis tested was that A. simplex or M. sanguinipes would not cannibalize individuals freshly killed by the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana Bals.-Criv. (Vuill.) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), or Metarhizium acridum (Driver and Milner) Bischoff, Rehner, and Humber. Cannibalism was examined in a series of no-choice tests with individual insects. Test insects included healthy adults of M. sanguinipes; the differential grasshopper, M. differentialis (Thomas); the American grasshopper, Schistocerca americana (Drury) (Acrididae); and A. simplex. Individual, starved Acrididae or A. simplex were confined in small cages with either a fungus-killed (but unsporulated) or uninfected cadaver. The insects were then observed periodically for the first 4 hr. After 24 hr, the cadavers were scored for the degree to which they had been consumed. Very few mycotic cadavers were fed upon by the healthy insects, and, at most only the tarsi were eaten. All four species generally refused to eat fungus-infected cadavers. In contrast, freeze-killed cadavers were partly or entirely consumed by most of the test insects, often within a few hours. Transmission of infection through contact in these tests was between 0-18.9%, depending upon the fungus and insect species, and was lower than the prevalence of cannibalism in all cases. C1 USDA ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jaronski, ST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM stefan.jaronski@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 13 AR 122 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 265GP UT WOS:000327938500003 PM 24786183 ER PT J AU Joy, SR Bartelt-Hunt, SL Snow, DD Gilley, JE Woodbury, BL Parker, DB Marx, DB Li, X AF Joy, Stacey R. Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L. Snow, Daniel D. Gilley, John E. Woodbury, Bryan L. Parker, David B. Marx, David B. Li, Xu TI Fate and Transport of Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Soil and Runoff Following Land Application of Swine Manure Slurry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TIME PCR ASSAYS; VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; OVERLAND-FLOW; AMENDED SOIL AB Due to the use of antimicrobials in livestock production, residual antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) could enter the environment following the land application of animal wastes and could further contaminate surface and groundwater. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various manure land application methods on the fate and transport of antimicrobials and ARGs in soil and runoff following land application of swine manure slurry. Swine manure slurries were obtained from facilities housing pigs that were fed chlortetracyline, tylosin or bacitracin and were land applied via broadcast, incorporation, and injection methods. Three rainfall simulation tests were then performed on amended and control plots. Results show that land application methods had no statistically significant effect on the aqueous concentrations of antimicrobials in runoff. However, among the three application methods tested broadcast resulted in the highest total mass loading of antimicrobials in runoff from the three rainfall simulation tests. The aqueous concentrations of chlortetracyline and tylosin in runoff decreased in consecutive rainfall events, although the trend was only statistically significant for tylosin. For ARGs, broadcast resulted in significantly higher erm genes in runoff than did incorporation and injection methods. In soil, the effects of land application methods on the fate of antimicrobials in top soil were compound specific. No clear trend was observed in the ARG levels in soil, likely because different host cells may respond differently to the soil environments created by various land application methods. C1 [Joy, Stacey R.; Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L.; Li, Xu] Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Snow, Daniel D.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Water Sci Lab, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Gilley, John E.] ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Woodbury, Bryan L.; Parker, David B.] USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Marx, David B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM xuli@unl.edu RI Li, Xu/K-1957-2014 FU National Pork Board FX Funding for this project was provided in part by National Pork Board. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 16 U2 121 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 21 BP 12081 EP 12088 DI 10.1021/es4026358 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248OP UT WOS:000326711300028 PM 24044357 ER PT J AU Liang, Y Bradford, SA Simunek, J Heggen, M Vereecken, H Klumpp, E AF Liang, Yan Bradford, Scott A. Simunek, Jiri Heggen, Marc Vereecken, Harry Klumpp, Erwin TI Retention and Remobilization of Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles in an Undisturbed Loamy Sand Soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SATURATED SAND; TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION; COLUMNS; WATER; DISSOLUTION; ATTACHMENT AB Column experiments were conducted with undisturbed loamy sand soil under unsaturated conditions (around 90% saturation degree) to investigate the retention of surfactant stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with various input concentration (C-o), flow velocity, and ionic strength (IS), and the remobilization of AgNPs by changing the cation type and IS. The mobility of AgNPs in soil was enhanced with decreasing solution IS, increasing flow rate and input concentration. Significant retardation of AgNP breakthrough and hyperexponential retention profiles (RPs) were observed in almost all the transport experiments. The retention of AgNPs was successfully analyzed using a numerical model that accounted for time- and depth-dependent retention. The simulated retention rate coefficient (k(1)) and maximum retained concentration on the solid phase (S-max) increased with increasing IS and decreasing C-o. The high k(1) resulted in retarded breakthrough curves (BTCs) until S-max was filled and then high effluent concentrations were obtained. Hyperexponential RPs were likely caused by the hydrodynamics at the column inlet which produced a concentrated AgNP flux to the solid surface. Higher IS and lower C. produced more hyperexponential RPs because of larger values of S-max Retention of AgNPs was much more pronounced in the presence of Ca2+ than K+ at the same IS, and the amount of AgNP released with a reduction in IS was larger for K+ than Ca2+ systems. These stronger AgNP interactions in the presence of Ca2+ were attributed to cation bridging. Further release of AgNPs and clay from the soil was induced by cation exchange (K+ for Ca2+) that reduced the bridging interaction and IS reduction that expanded the electrical double layer. Transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and correlations between released soil colloids and AgNPs indicated that some of the released AgNPs were associated with the released clay fraction. C1 [Liang, Yan; Vereecken, Harry; Klumpp, Erwin] Forschungszentrum Julich, Agrosphere Inst IBG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. [Simunek, Jiri] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Heggen, Marc] Peter Grunberg Inst PGI 5, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Heggen, Marc] Forschungszentrum Julich, Ernst Ruska Ctr ER C, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. EM bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Heggen, Marc/K-5099-2013 OI Heggen, Marc/0000-0002-2646-0078 FU China Scholarship Council (CSC); NanoFlow project; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) FX The first author thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for financial support. This research was funded by the NanoFlow project supported by German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The authors would like to acknowledge Ansgar Weuthen and Claudia Walraf for the technical assistance, and Michael Burkhardt for valuable suggestions. NR 53 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 10 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 21 BP 12229 EP 12237 DI 10.1021/es402046u PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248OP UT WOS:000326711300045 PM 24106877 ER PT J AU Hijaz, FM Manthey, JA Folimonova, SY Davis, CL Jones, SE Reyes-De-Corcuera, JI AF Hijaz, Faraj M. Manthey, John A. Folimonova, Svetlana Y. Davis, Craig L. Jones, Shelley E. Reyes-De-Corcuera, Jose I. TI An HPLC-MS Characterization of the Changes in Sweet Orange Leaf Metabolite Profile following Infection by the Bacterial Pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CITRUS GREENING DISEASE; HUANGLONGBING DISEASE; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; TOMATO LEAVES; ZEBRA CHIP; ACID; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Huanglongbing (HLB) presumably caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) threatens the commercial U.S. citrus crop of an annual value of $3 billion. The earliest shift in metabolite profiles of leaves from greenhouse-grown sweet orange trees infected with Clas, and of healthy leaves, was characterized by HPLC-MS concurrently with PCR testing for the presence of Clas bacteria and observation of disease symptoms. Twenty, 8-month-old 'Valencia' and 'Hamlin' trees were grafted with budwood from PCR-positive HLB source trees. Five graft-inoculated trees of each variety and three control trees were sampled biweekly and analyzed by HPLC-MS and PCR. Thirteen weeks after inoculation, Clas was detected in newly growing flushes in 33% and 55% of the inoculated 'Hamlin' and 'Valencia' trees, respectively. Inoculated trees remained asymptomatic in the first 20 weeks, but developed symptoms 30 weeks after grafting. No significant differences in the leaf metabolite profiles were detected in Clas-infected trees 23 weeks after inoculation. However, 27 weeks after inoculation, differences in metabolite profiles between control leaves and those of Clas-infected trees were evident. Affected compounds were identified with authentic standards or structurally classified by their UV and mass spectra. Included among these compounds are flavonoid glycosides, polymethoxylated flavones, and hydroxycinnamates. Four structurally related hydroxycinnamate compounds increased more than 10-fold in leaves from 'Hamlin' and 'Valencia' sweet orange trees in response to Clas infection. Possible roles of these hydroxycinnamates as plant defense compounds against the Clas infection are discussed. C1 [Hijaz, Faraj M.; Davis, Craig L.; Reyes-De-Corcuera, Jose I.] Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL USA. [Manthey, John A.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Folimonova, Svetlana Y.; Davis, Craig L.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Reyes-De-Corcuera, JI (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, CAES, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jireyes@ufl.edu FU USDA CSREES NIFA [2009-34446-20228] FX This research was funded by the USDA CSREES NIFA project number 2009-34446-20228. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79485 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079485 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247EE UT WOS:000326597400068 PM 24223954 ER PT J AU Matos, LA Hilf, ME Chen, JC Folimonova, SY AF Matos, Luis A. Hilf, Mark E. Chen, Jianchi Folimonova, Svetlana Y. TI Validation of 'Variable Number of Tandem Repeat'-Based Approach for Examination of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Diversity and Its Applications for the Analysis of the Pathogen Populations in the Areas of Recent Introduction SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CITRUS SEED COATS; REAL-TIME PCR; GREENING DISEASE; 1ST REPORT; SEQUENCE; BACTERIUM; TRANSMISSION; FLORIDA AB Citrus greening (Huanglongbing, HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. In South Asia HLB has been known for more than a century, while in Americas the disease was found relatively recently. HLB is associated with three species of 'Candidatus Liberibacter' among which 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) has most wide distribution. Recently, a number of studies identified different regions in the CLas genome with variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) that could be used for examination of CLas diversity. One of the objectives of the work presented here was to further validate the VNTR analysis-based approach by assessing the stability of these repeats upon multiplication of the pathogen in a host over an extended period of time and upon its passaging from a host to a host using CLas populations from Florida. Our results showed that the numbers of tandem repeats in the four loci tested display very distinguishable "signature profiles" for the two Florida-type CLas haplotype groups. Remarkably, the profiles do not change upon passage of the pathogen in citrus and psyllid hosts as well as after its presence within a host over a period of five years, suggesting that VNTR analysis-based approach represents a valid methodology for examination of the pathogen populations in various geographical regions. Interestingly, an extended analysis of CLas populations in different locations throughout Florida and in several countries in the Caribbean and Central America regions and in Mexico where the pathogen has been introduced recently demonstrated the dispersion of the same haplotypes of CLas. On the other hand, these CLas populations appeared to differ significantly from those obtained from locations where the disease has been present for a much longer time. C1 [Matos, Luis A.; Folimonova, Svetlana Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Matos, Luis A.] Inst Dominicano Invest Agr Forestales, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [Hilf, Mark E.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Chen, Jianchi] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. RP Folimonova, SY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM svetlana@ufl.edu NR 46 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e78994 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0078994 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247EE UT WOS:000326597400045 PM 24223873 ER PT J AU McIlroy, SK Lind, AJ Allen-Diaz, BH Roche, LM Frost, WE Grasso, RL Tate, KW AF McIlroy, Susan K. Lind, Amy J. Allen-Diaz, Barbara H. Roche, Leslie M. Frost, William E. Grasso, Rob L. Tate, Kenneth W. TI Determining the Effects of Cattle Grazing Treatments on Yosemite Toads (Anaxyrus [=Bufo] canorus) in Montane Meadows SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; COLUMBIA SPOTTED FROG; SIERRA-NEVADA; HABITAT; CALIFORNIA; EXTINCTIONS; COMMUNITIES; FLOODPLAIN; MECHANISMS; LIVESTOCK AB Amphibians are experiencing a precipitous global decline, and population stability on public lands with multiple uses is a key concern for managers. In the Sierra Nevada Mountains (California, USA), managers have specifically identified livestock grazing as an activity that may negatively affect Yosemite toads due to the potential overlap of grazing with toad habitat. Grazing exclusion from Yosemite toad breeding and rearing areas and/or entire meadows have been proposed as possible management actions to alleviate the possible impact of cattle on this species. The primary objective of this study was to determine if different fencing treatments affect Yosemite toad populations. We specifically examined the effect of three fencing treatments on Yosemite toad breeding pool occupancy, tadpoles, and young of the year (YOY). Our hypothesis was that over the course of treatment implementation (2006 through 2010), Yosemite toad breeding pool occupancy and early life stage densities would increase within two fencing treatments relative to actively grazed meadows due to beneficial changes to habitat quality in the absence of grazing. Our results did not support our hypothesis, and showed no benefit to Yosemite toad presence or early life stages in fenced or partially fenced meadows compared to standard USDA Forest Service grazing levels. We found substantial Yosemite toad variation by both meadow and year. This variation was influenced by meadow wetness, with water table depth significant in both the tadpole and YOY models. C1 [McIlroy, Susan K.; Allen-Diaz, Barbara H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Sci Policy & Management Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lind, Amy J.; Grasso, Rob L.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA USA. [Roche, Leslie M.; Tate, Kenneth W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Frost, William E.] Agr & Nat Resources Res & Extens Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP McIlroy, SK (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM smcilroy@usgs.gov FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region FX This research was funded by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region. Other than providing preliminary data, funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79263 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079263 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247EE UT WOS:000326597400057 PM 24223919 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, Lei TI Natural rubber protein as interfacial enhancement for bio-based nano-fillers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rubber; mechanical properties; biomaterial; viscoelasticity ID NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; REINFORCEMENT; COMPOSITES; ELASTOMER; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOCRYSTALS; STARCH AB Natural rubber was enhanced with soy protein nano-aggregates and carbon black using a hybrid process. The rubber composites reinforced with an optimum amount of soy protein or soy protein/carbon black showed useful tensile properties. The stress-strain behaviors were analyzed with a micro-mechanical model that describes the stress-strain measurements well. The model analysis provides insight into filler network characteristics and entanglement modulus. The composites were also analyzed with both linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties. Temperature and frequency dependent modulus as well as the model analysis of stress softening effect describe the ability of soy protein to constraint polymer chains in the highly filled composites. For the composites reinforced with soy protein, the good tensile properties are attributed to good filler-polymer adhesion through the compatibilization effect of natural rubber protein. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2188-2197, 2013 C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lei.jong@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 130 IS 3 BP 2188 EP 2197 DI 10.1002/app.39277 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 197SR UT WOS:000322871700090 ER PT J AU Hagenbucher, S Olson, DM Ruberson, JR Wackers, FL Romeis, J AF Hagenbucher, S. Olson, D. M. Ruberson, J. R. Waeckers, F. L. Romeis, J. TI Resistance Mechanisms Against Arthropod Herbivores in Cotton and Their Interactions with Natural Enemies SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Bt-cotton; Gossypium; gossypol; host plant resistance; optimal defense theory; plant defense ID VIRESCENS F LEPIDOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; BT-TRANSGENIC COTTON; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS COTTON; TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; ALABAMA-ARGILLACEA HUBNER; PINK-BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; INDUCE VOLATILE EMISSIONS; BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA AB Cotton plants (genus Gossypium) are grown on more than 30 million hectares worldwide and are a major source of fiber. The plants possess a wide range of direct and indirect resistance mechanisms against herbivorous arthropods. Direct resistance mechanisms include morphological traits such as trichomes and a range of secondary metabolites. The best known insecticidal compounds are the terpenoid gossypol and its precursors and related compounds. Indirect resistance mechanisms include herbivore-induced volatiles and extrafloral nectaries that allow plants to attract and sustain natural enemy populations. We discuss these resistance traits of cotton, their induction by herbivores, and their impact on herbivores and natural enemies. In addition, we discuss the use of genetically engineered cotton plants to control pest Lepidoptera and the influence of environmental factors on the resistance traits. C1 [Hagenbucher, S.; Romeis, J.] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Olson, D. M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Ruberson, J. R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA USA. [Waeckers, F. L.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Romeis, J (reprint author), Agroscope ART, Reckenholzstr 59, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. EM joerg.romeis@agroscope.admin.ch RI Romeis, Joerg/J-5360-2013; OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 NR 290 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 11 U2 200 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 EI 1549-7836 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PD NOV 2 PY 2013 VL 32 IS 6 BP 458 EP 482 DI 10.1080/07352689.2013.809293 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 176EE UT WOS:000321285700006 ER PT J AU Laine, CM Kettenring, KM Roper, BB AF Laine, Caroline M. Kettenring, Karin M. Roper, Brett B. TI AN ASSESSMENT OF PERMANENT AND NONPERMANENT PLOTS IN RIPARIAN VEGETATION MONITORING SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-PARK; FOREST; HABITATS; DYNAMICS; STREAMS; PLANT; RIVER AB The aim of this research was to determine whether permanent and nonpermanent plots for describing riparian plant communities would yield the same results. This research was conducted at 4 streams in central eastern Idaho. Permanent and nonpermanent greenline plots (first perennial vegetation adjacent to stream) were sampled repeatedly from June to October 2010, and we assessed differences between plot types by comparing species richness, wetland indicator rating, and percent cover of live vegetation, forbs, graminoids, litter/moss, and bare ground. We found few statistically significant differences between permanent and nonpermanent greenline plots. Because both types of plots yielded similar results, we suggest that nonpermanent plots are a better choice for riparian monitoring because they are defined by their spatial relationship to the stream, rendering a permanent marker unnecessary, and they are also less labor intensive. C1 [Laine, Caroline M.; Kettenring, Karin M.; Roper, Brett B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Roper, Brett B.] USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Laine, CM (reprint author), 4180 W 2600 N, Benson, UT 84335 USA. EM lainecaroline@hotmail.com FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University FX We thank the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, for funding this research. In addition, many thanks to F. E. Busby and Susan Durham for guidance and manuscript revisions. Thanks also to Cheyenne Guillois, Mark Vilardi, and Stacey Frisk for fieldwork assistance and Diane Menuz for database assistance. This research was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, and approved as journal paper number 8592. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2013 VL 73 IS 3 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.3398/064.073.0307 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM6GE UT WOS:000339960600006 ER PT J AU Kaya, E Alves, A Rodrigues, L Jenderek, M Hernandez-Ellis, M Ozudogru, A Ellis, D AF Kaya, E. Alves, A. Rodrigues, L. Jenderek, M. Hernandez-Ellis, M. Ozudogru, A. Ellis, D. TI CRYOPRESERVATION OF EUCALYPTUS GENETIC RESOURCES SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE Conservation; forest genetic resources; germplasm; liquid nitrogen; plant genetic resources; PVS2 vitrification ID ENCAPSULATION-DEHYDRATION TECHNIQUE; SHOOT-TIPS; LIQUID-NITROGEN; AXILLARY BUDS; VITRIFICATION; MULTIPLICATION; REGENERATION; PRECULTURE; RESISTANCE; GRAPEVINE AB The long-term preservation of forest genetic resources is a vital part of preserving our forest crops for future generations. Unfortunately, there are few genebanks dedicated to forest trees and very few methods for long-term preservation of forest genetic resources collections aside from field plantings of a limited number of seed-derived or elite clonal individuals. The use of cryopreservation for the long-term storage of elite germplasm is increasingly being used for the long-term preservation of clonal agronomic crops but for forest trees, such as Eucalyptus, the methodology for cryopreservation of diverse genetic resources collections has not been established. We report the successful cryopreservation of a germplasm collection of in vitro shoot cultures of thirteen Eucalyptus spp. lines consisting of two E. grandis x E. camaldulensis lines, seven E. urophylla x E. grandis lines, one E. grandis line, two E. grandis x E. urophylla lines, and one E. camaldulensis line. In a comparison of two cryopreservation methods, sucrose sensitivity limited the application of encapsulation-dehydration. However, with droplet-vitrification, all thirteen lines had good survival after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. A 30 min exposure to Plant Vitrification Solution 2 (PVS2) yielded post-liquid nitrogen survival between 38% and 85% depending on the line. One hundred shoot tips from all thirteen lines are currently in long-term storage as a germplasm collection. C1 [Kaya, E.; Alves, A.; Rodrigues, L.; Jenderek, M.; Hernandez-Ellis, M.; Ellis, D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Kaya, E.] Gebze Inst Technol, Dept Genet & Mol Biol, TR-41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey. [Alves, A.] USDA ARS, Mbrapa Labex USA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rodrigues, L.] Univ Fed Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Ozudogru, A.] CNR IVALSA Ist Valorizzaz Legno & Specie Arboree, Florence, Italy. RP Kaya, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM e.kaya@gyte.edu.tr NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 EI 1742-0644 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 34 IS 6 BP 608 EP 618 PG 11 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA AJ5JO UT WOS:000337718700007 PM 24441371 ER PT J AU Aldrich, JR Chauhan, KR Zhang, AJ Zarbin, PHG AF Aldrich, Jeffrey R. Chauhan, Kamlesh R. Zhang, Aijun Zarbin, Paulo H. G. TI Exocrine Secretions of Wheel Bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Arilus spp.): Clarification and Chemistry SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Ardus; Halyomorpha; Pheromone ID CIMICOMORPHA; HEMIPTERA; PHEROMONE; GLANDS AB Wheel bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae: Arilus) are general predators, the females of which have reddish-orange subrectal glands (SGs) that are eversible like the osmeteria in some caterpillars. The rancid odor of Arilus and other reduviids actually comes from Brindley's glands, which in the North (A. cristatus) and South (A. carinatus) American wheel bugs studied emit similar blends of 2-methylpropanoic, butanoic, 3-methylbutanoic, and 2-methylbutanoic acids. The Arilus SG secretions studied here are absolutely species-specific. The volatile SG components of A. carinatus include (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E)-2-decenal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, (E)-2-undecenal, hexanoic acid, 4-oxo-nonanal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,Z)-2,4- or (Z,E)-2,4-decadienal, and 4-oxo-(E)-2-nonenal; whereas in A. cristatus the SG secretion contains beta-pinene, limonene, terpinolene, terpinen-4-ol, thymol methyl ether, alpha-terpineol, bomyl acetate, methyl eugenol, beta-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and famesol. Arilus spp. SG secretions may be sex pheromones, but verification of this hypothesis requires further testing. C1 [Aldrich, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Davis, Affiliate Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Aldrich, Jeffrey R.] JR Aldrich Consulting LLC, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Chauhan, Kamlesh R.; Zhang, Aijun] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zarbin, Paulo H. G.] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Quim, Lab Semioquim, BR-81531980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil. RP Aldrich, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Affiliate Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM drjeffaldrich@gmail.com RI Zarbin, Paulo/C-1383-2013 FU CNPq [401604/2009-8] FX This study was made possible by CNPq funding for the visit of J.R.A. to the Federal University of Parana (visiting researcher; proc. 401604/2009-8). We thank Drs. Paula M. Shrewsbury and Michael Raupp, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland at College Park, respectively, for bringing to our attention instances of A. cristatus preying upon the brown marmorated stink bug, and providing the photograph of A. cristatus preying upon H. halys. We are also grateful to Mr. and Mrs. Scales of Bowie, Maryland, for collecting the female A. cristatus as it fed on an adult H. halys. Finally, we thank Dr. Christiane Weirauch, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, for sharing information and helpful discussions. Mention of commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, 72016 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 522 EP 526 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AC7AS UT WOS:000332680000011 PM 24601090 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Eckholm, B Huang, MH AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Eckholm, Bruce Huang, Ming Hua TI Concentrations of Nutrients in Pollen Can Change After Conversion to Bee Bread SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Huang, Ming Hua] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 East Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM Gloria.Hoffman@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 153 IS 11 BP 1195 EP 1198 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AA3SF UT WOS:000331011900018 ER PT J AU Turcotte, RM Martin, DKH Smith, PM Kasson, MT Rhodes, D AF Turcotte, Richard M. Martin, Danielle K. H. Smith, Paul M. Kasson, Matthew T. Rhodes, Dana TI A CASE STUDY: WALNUT TWIG BEETLE, PITYOPHTHORUS JUGLANDIS BLACKMAN (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) IN BUCKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article C1 [Turcotte, Richard M.; Martin, Danielle K. H.] USDA Forest Serv, Northeastern Area State & Private Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Smith, Paul M.] Penn DCNR Bur Forestry, Div Forest Pest Management, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Kasson, Matthew T.] Virginia Tech, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rhodes, Dana] Bur Plant Ind, Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Turcotte, RM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Northeastern Area State & Private Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM rturcotte@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X EI 2162-3236 J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 123 IS 4 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.3157/021.123.0404 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AA5KE UT WOS:000331135700007 ER PT J AU Moraes, RM Donega, MA Cantrell, CL Mello, SC McChesney, JD AF Moraes, Rita M. Donega, Mateus A. Cantrell, Charles L. Mello, Simone C. McChesney, James D. TI Effect of harvest timing on leaf production and yield of diterpene glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana Bert: A specialty perennial crop for Mississippi SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Sweetener; Diabetes; Asteraceae; Alternative crop ID SWEETENER; CULTIVAR; OBESITY AB Stevie rebaudiana (Bertoni), a perennial herb of the Asteraceae, is one of the most important sources of non-caloric natural sweeteners. Stevia's plant extracts and glycosides have been used by indigenous cultures for centuries in Paraguay and Brazil. Several studies suggest that Stevia and its glycosides exert beneficial effects on human health, including anti-hyperglycemic and antihypertensive properties (Jeppesen et al., 2000). The objectives of this study were to evaluate Stevia's cold hardness in Mississippi and determine the effects of different harvest timing on leaf production and yield of diterpene glycosides. Plants purchased from Ritchers Herbs were the source of nodal explants for in vitro clonal propagation. Rooted plantlets adapted in trays were later transplanted in the field of the University of Mississippi Biological Field Station. Plant spacing was 30 cm between plants in a row and 60 cm between rows. Drip irrigation supplied water to the field at rate of 1/4 to 1/2 in. per week during summer. To protect plants during the winter of 2010 a plastic in field low tunnel was used, while in 2011 plants remained uncovered. Leaf biomass production and yield of diterpene glycosides were evaluated based on three different harvest timings: (1) Three harvests at 60 day intervals, two leaf harvests at a 90-day interval and a single harvest after 180 days of cultivation. Results revealed that leaf production from plants harvested once a year yielded more than the yield of multiple harvests (2 and 3 harvests per growing season). A total of 13,896.37 kg per hectare of stem and leaves were harvested in a single harvest. The glycosides productivity obtained from a single harvest; rebaudioside A (398.80 kg ha(-1)) and stevioside (512.21 kg ha(-1)) was also greater than the yields of multiple harvests (2 and 3 harvests). (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moraes, Rita M.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Moraes, Rita M.] Univ Mississippi, Ctr Water & Wetland Resources, Abbeville, MS 38601 USA. [Donega, Mateus A.; Mello, Simone C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Dept Prod Vegetal, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [McChesney, James D.] Ironstone Separat Inc, Etta, MS 38627 USA. RP Moraes, RM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Field Stn, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, 15 Cty Rd 2078, Abbeville, MS 38601 USA. EM rmoraes@olemiss.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-6408-7012]; Foundation Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, of the Ministry of Education, Brazil" (CAPES); National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) FX The authors thank the USDA Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agremment No. 58-6408-7012 for the partial financial support to the first author. We also acknowledge the Foundation Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, of the Ministry of Education, Brazil" (CAPES) and National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), for a Doctor' Degree scholarship granted to the second author. We also would like to thank Mr. Solomon Green III, Mr. Gregory Swain and Mr. Mark Baker for their help with analysis, extraction, and/or field work and Michelle Edwards for taking the field pictures. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 51 BP 385 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.09.025 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AA0XN UT WOS:000330820800053 ER PT J AU Vaughn, SF Kenar, JA Thompson, AR Peterson, SC AF Vaughn, Steven F. Kenar, James A. Thompson, Arthur R. Peterson, Steven C. TI Comparison of biochars derived from wood pellets and pelletized wheat straw as replacements for peat in potting substrates SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Biochar; Peat moss; Container production; Potting medium; Soilless substrate ID COCONUT COIR DUST; L STEM CORE; TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; MEDIUM COMPONENT; SOILLESS MEDIA; GROWING MEDIUM; AIRBORNE DUST; GROWTH MEDIA; PLANT-GROWTH AB Biochar is the solid, carbon-rich product resulting from the pyrolysis of biomass in the absence of oxygen. We are examining biochars for several horticultural applications, including as a replacement for peat moss in soilless substrates used in the production of containerized greenhouse and nursery crops. Biochars were prepared from hardwood pellets and from pelletized wheat straw. Straw biochar had a higher potassium content and pH than the wood biochar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses of the biochars showed much greater volatile content in the straw biochar. Both biochars had significantly higher bulk densities than either peat moss or vermiculite. Substituting biochar pellets (at rates of 5%, 10%, and 15%, v/v) for peat moss increased substrate pHs, bulk densities, and electrical conductivities, while having variable effects on physical properties (air porosities, container capacities, and total porosities). Greenhouse experiments were conducted using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) and marigold (Tagetes erecta L) plants grown in 3.0-L pots. Addition of either biochar had no effect on dry weights of tomato plants after 4 weeks of growth, but significantly increased plant heights in all treatments. Marigold plant heights were greater than the control in all but the 5% wood biochar, but had only a minor effect on plant dry weights. These results indicate that both pelletized biochars would be suitable as replacements for peat in soilless substrates when used at these replacement rates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vaughn, Steven F.; Kenar, James A.; Thompson, Arthur R.; Peterson, Steven C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Vaughn, SF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Steven.Vaughn@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 51 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.010 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AA0XN UT WOS:000330820800061 ER PT J AU Pelletier, MG Holt, GA Wanjura, JD Bayer, E McIntyre, G AF Pelletier, M. G. Holt, G. A. Wanjura, J. D. Bayer, E. McIntyre, G. TI An evaluation study of mycelium based acoustic absorbers grown on agricultural by-product substrates SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Mushrooms; Acoustic; By-products; Agricultural AB This research examines the use of a novel new renewable resource in acoustic absorption applications. The new material being tested is based on a fungi that is grown on semi-hydrophobic agricultural byproduct substrates such as switch-grass, rice straw, sorghum stalks, flax shive, kenaf and hemp. The various substrates were tested as this novel composite is limited in the control over density, with the main control being the selection of the constituent parts. The testing of the material for use in acoustics utilized an impedance tube and measured the standing wave ratios in accordance to ISO standard 10534-1. The results of the study show the mycelium based boards are a promising bio-based composite alternative to standard traditional foam insulation board. Results suggest an optimal performance at the key automotive road noise frequency of 1000Hz. A further advantage provided by this new material is that it can be produced economically in comparison to the traditional petroleum based foams with the further advantage of bio-degradation when the product is disposed of at its end-of-life use. Based upon this work, future research is planned to examine this novel new composite in other acoustic applications where shape modifications can further enhance the performance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pelletier, M. G.; Holt, G. A.; Wanjura, J. D.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Bayer, E.; McIntyre, G.] Ecovat Design, Green Isl, NY 12183 USA. RP Pelletier, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM mathew.pelletier@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 51 BP 480 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.09.008 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AA0XN UT WOS:000330820800066 ER PT J AU Lebarbenchon, C Pantin-Jackwood, M Kistler, WM Luttrell, MP Spackman, E Stallknecht, DE Brown, JD AF Lebarbenchon, Camille Pantin-Jackwood, Mary Kistler, Whitney M. Luttrell, M. Page Spackman, Erica Stallknecht, David E. Brown, Justin D. TI Evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against the H5 subtype of Influenza A virus in waterfowl SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; H5; serology; waterfowl ID WILD BIRDS; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE AB The ID Screen Influenza H5 Antibody Competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was tested for the detection of antibodies to the H5 subtype of influenza A (IA) virus in waterfowl. Assays were conducted with sera obtained from Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Pekin Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica), experimentally infected with eight low pathogenic (LP) and nine highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 IA viral strains. Three incubation periods (1, 4 and 18 hours) and two dilutions (1: 2 and 1: 5) were tested. All serum samples from LP H5-infected birds tested positive; however, improved detection rates were observed for viruses belonging to the HP H5N1 clade 2.2.1 as compared with those belonging to clade 2.1.3. C1 [Lebarbenchon, Camille; Kistler, Whitney M.; Luttrell, M. Page; Stallknecht, David E.; Brown, Justin D.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. [Pantin-Jackwood, Mary; Spackman, Erica] ARS, USDA, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Lebarbenchon, C (reprint author), Univ La Reunion, Ave Rene Cassin,BP 7151, St Denis 97715, Reunion. EM camille.lebarbenchon@univ-reunion.fr RI Lebarbenchon, Camille/H-7245-2013 OI Lebarbenchon, Camille/0000-0002-0922-7573 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C] FX The authors thank Taiana Costa and Monique Franca for providing LP H5 serum samples from experimentally infected Mallards. This work was additionally supported by IDVET, which generously provided ELISA test kits and recommendations for protocol adjustments. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN266200700007C funded the current work. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1750-2640 EI 1750-2659 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD NOV PY 2013 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1237 EP 1240 DI 10.1111/irv.12070 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA AA3OG UT WOS:000331001400049 PM 24192340 ER PT J AU Bornhorst, GM Roman, MJ Rutherfurd, SM Burri, BJ Moughan, PJ Singh, RP AF Bornhorst, Gail M. Roman, Maxine J. Rutherfurd, Shane M. Burri, Betty J. Moughan, Paul J. Singh, R. Paul TI Gastric Digestion of Raw and Roasted Almonds In Vivo SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE almonds; alpha-tocopherol; gastric digestion; gastric emptying; gastric secretions ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-E; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; LIPID BIOACCESSIBILITY; POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; COOKED BROWN; WHITE RICE; SEEDS; PIGS AB Almonds are an important dietary source of lipids, protein, and a-tocopherol. It has been demonstrated that the physical form of almond kernels influences their digestion and absorption, but the role of thermal processes on the digestion of almonds has received little attention. The objectives of this study were to examine the gastric emptying and nutrient composition of gastric chyme from pigs (used as a model for the adult human) fed a single meal of either raw or roasted almonds over a 12-h postprandial period (72 pigs total, 6 pigs at each diet-time combination). Concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerols, and a-tocopherol in peripheral plasma during the 12-h postprandial period were determined. For dry matter and lipid, the gastric emptying profile was not different between raw and roasted almonds. Roasting almonds also did not influence gastric pH, or plasma glucose or triacylglycerols levels. In contrast, the gastric emptying of protein was more rapid for raw almonds compared to roasted almonds (P < 0.01) and intragastric protein content exhibited segregation (P < 0.001) throughout the stomach, with raw almonds having a higher level of segregation compared to roasted almonds. Postprandial plasma alpha-tocopherol levels were, on average 33% greater (P < 0.001) after consumption of raw almonds, most likely as a result of the higher concentration of a-tocopherol in raw almonds compared to roasted almonds. Roasting of almonds did not influence the overall gastric emptying process, but did lead to differences in the distribution of protein in the stomach and to the gastric emptying of protein. C1 [Bornhorst, Gail M.; Roman, Maxine J.; Singh, R. Paul] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Rutherfurd, Shane M.; Moughan, Paul J.; Singh, R. Paul] Massey Univ, Riddet Inst, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Burri, Betty J.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Singh, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM rpsingh@ucdavis.edu FU USDA - Natl. Inst. of Food and Agriculture [2009-35503-05195] FX The almonds used in this trial were generously donated by the Almond Board of California. The authors would like to acknowledge Trent Olson, Sharon Henare, and Carlos Montoya (Riddet Inst., Massey Univ.) for their assistance in animal handling and sample procurement and Maggic Zou and Russell Richardson (Riddet Inst., Massey Univ.) for their assistance in development of the plasma et-tocopherol method. This project was partially supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative grant 2009-35503-05195 from the USDA - Natl. Inst. of Food and Agriculture. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 78 IS 11 BP H1807 EP H1813 DI 10.1111/1750-3841.12274 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AA5NE UT WOS:000331145700023 PM 24245891 ER PT J AU Poole, GJ Smiley, RW Walker, C Huggins, D Rupp, R Abatzoglou, J Garland-Campbell, K Paulitz, TC AF Poole, Grant J. Smiley, Richard W. Walker, Carl Huggins, David Rupp, Richard Abatzoglou, John Garland-Campbell, Kimberly Paulitz, Timothy C. TI Effect of Climate on the Distribution of Fusarium spp. Causing Crown Rot of Wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium culmorum ID GRASS STEM BASES; COMMON ROOT-ROT; WINTER-WHEAT; FOOT ROT; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; PATHOGENS; CULMORUM; BARLEY; GRAMINEARUM; WASHINGTON AB Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is one of the most widespread root and crown diseases of wheat in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States. Our objectives were to characterize crown rot severity and distribution throughout the PNW by conducting a survey of 210 fields covering the diverse dryland wheat-producing areas of Washington and Oregon and to utilize a factor analysis statistical approach to determine the effects of climate and geography on species distribution and disease severity. Climatic variables were based on 30-year averages and 2008 and 2009 separately (the 2 years of the survey). Mean annual temperature, mean temperature in the coldest month, mean temperature in the warmest month, mean annual precipitation, snowfall, elevation, soil type, and cropping intensity were highly intercorrelated. The factor analysis of the climate variables resulted in the development of two latent factors that could be used as predictor variables in logistic regression models for the presence or absence of Fusarium spp. and of FCR disease scores. Isolates of Fusarium spp. were recovered from 99% of 105 fields sampled in 2008 and 97% of fields in 2009. There were differences between years for responses of FCR and nodes scores, and isolations of Fusarium pseudograminearum with more significant results in 2008, due to warmer drier weather. Results of the factor analysis showed that the distribution of pseudo graminearum occurred in a greater frequency in areas of the PNW at lower elevations with lower moisture and higher temperatures in 2008, whereas E culmorum occurred in greater frequency in areas at higher elevations with moderate to high moisture and cooler temperatures consistently across both years. Disease scores increased with increasing levels of factors 1. (primarily temperature) and 2 (primarily precipitation). Both the frequeney of pathogen species and disease scores were influenced by the year, indicating that soilborne pathogens are responsive to short-term changes in environment. This factor analysis approach can be utilized in studies to determine the effects of climate and other environmental (soil, cropping system, and so on) factors on the distribution and severity of root diseases. C1 [Poole, Grant J.; Walker, Carl; Rupp, Richard] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Smiley, Richard W.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Huggins, David] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Abatzoglou, John] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Garland-Campbell, Kimberly] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Paulitz, Timothy C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Paulitz, Timothy C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803; Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750 FU Washington Grains Commission [7345, 5345, 6345]; USDA Agricultural Research Service (in-house) [5348-21220-003-00D, 5348-22000-013-00] FX This research was funded by the Washington Grains Commission Project 7345 entitled "The development of wheat varieties resistant or tolerant to Fusarium crown rot". Additional funding was obtained from Washington Grains Commission projects 5345 and 6345, and USDA Agricultural Research Service (in-house) projects 5348-21220-003-00D and 5348-22000-013-00. We thank the Pacific Northwest wheat growers involved with this survey and the Washington Grains Commission. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2013 VL 103 IS 11 BP 1130 EP 1140 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-07-12-0181-R PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 239XR UT WOS:000326059800005 PM 24102211 ER PT J AU De Backer, M Bonants, P Pedley, KF Roldan-Ruiz, MMI Roldan-Ruiz, I Van Bockstaele, E Heungens, K Van der Lee, T AF De Backer, M. Bonants, P. Pedley, K. F. Maes, M. Roldan-Ruiz, I. Van Bockstaele, E. Heungens, K. Van der Lee, T. TI Genetic Relationships in an International Collection of Puccinia horiana Isolates Based on Newly Identified Molecular Markers and Demonstration of Recombination SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRYSANTHEMUM WHITE RUST; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; WHOLE GENOME AMPLIFICATION; F-SP TRITICI; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; X MORIFOLIUM; RESISTANCE; PATHOGENS AB The obligate biotrophic pathogen Puccinia horiana is the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust. Although P. horiana is a quarantine organism, it has been able to spread to most chrysanthemum-producing regions in the world since the 1960s; however, the transfer routes are largely obscure. An extremely low level of allelic diversity was observed in a geographically diverse set of eight isolates using complexity reduction of polymorphic sequences (CRoPS) technology. Only 184 of the 16,196 contigs (1.1 %) showed one or more single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thirty-two SNPs and one simple-sequence repeat were translated into molecular markers and used to genotype 45 isolates originating from North and South America, Asia, and Europe. In most cases, phylogenetic clustering was related to geographic origin, indicating local establishment. The European isolates mostly grouped in two major populations that may relate to the two historic introductions previously reported. However, evidence of recent geographic transfer was also observed, including transfer events between Europe and South America and between Southeast Asia and Europe. In contrast with the presumed clonal propagation of this microcyclic rust, strong indications of marker recombination were observed, presumably as a result of anastomosis, karyogamy, and somatic meiosis. Recombination and transfer also explain the geographic dispersal of specific markers. A near-to-significant correlation between the genotypic data and previously obtained pathotype data was observed and one marker was associated with the most virulent pathotype group. In combination with a fast SNP detection method, the markers presented here will be helpful tools to further elucidate the transfer pathways and local survival of this pathogen. C1 [De Backer, M.; Maes, M.; Roldan-Ruiz, I.; Van Bockstaele, E.; Heungens, K.] Inst Agr & Fisheries Res ILVO, Plant Sci Unit, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [De Backer, M.; Van Bockstaele, E.] Univ Ghent, Dept Plant Prod, Fac Biosci Engn, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Bonants, P.; Van der Lee, T.] Plant Res Int, Biointeract & Plant Hlth, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Pedley, K. F.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Heungens, K (reprint author), Inst Agr & Fisheries Res ILVO, Plant Sci Unit, Burg Van Gansberghelaan 96 Bus 2, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM kurt.heungens@ilvo.vlaanderen.be FU ILVO; Plantum, the Belgian Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FAVV) (NRL agreement10-ILVOCRAPLANTEN); Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation FX M. De Backer expresses his appreciation to ILVO for his Ph.D. scholarship. We thank M. van Gent-Pelzer (Plant Research International) for the whole-genome amplifications of P. horiana DNA; Key Gene for the AFLP and CRoPS analysis; K. van 't Hoenderdal (Dekker Chrysanten), A. Post (Deliflor), B. Brandwagt (Royal Van Zanten), I. Guerrand (BBV), S. McDonough (Fera), A. Wojdyla (INSAD), and W. Janssen (PD) for supplying some of the isolates; Plantum, the Belgian Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FAVV) (NRL agreement10-ILVOCRAPLANTEN), and the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation for partial financial support of this project; and D. Ravier for his help in the maintenance of the isolates. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2013 VL 103 IS 11 BP 1169 EP 1179 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-01-13-0007-R PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 239XR UT WOS:000326059800009 PM 23777407 ER PT J AU Long, DS McCallum, JD Scharf, PA AF Long, D. S. McCallum, J. D. Scharf, P. A. TI Optical-Mechanical System for On-Combine Segregation of Wheat by Grain Protein Concentration SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD AB Grain segregation by grain protein concentration (GPC) may help growers maximize revenues in markets that offer protein premiums. Our objective was to develop an on-combine system for automatically segregating wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by GPC during harvest. A multispectral optical sensor scans the grain as it is conveyed by the combine's grain bin-filling auger. Light from the optical probe is transmitted through a fiber optic cable to a spectrometer, which determines the spectral characteristics of the grain. This information is processed by the instrument control software that is programmed to calculate GPC from a chemometric model. The continuous GPC output is simultaneously fed to a binary computer algorithm for triggering a logic circuit and operating a mechanical diverter valve that diverts the grain into either one of two bins. Field tests of the system were conducted during harvest of hard red spring wheat using a Case IH 1470 combine modified with front and rear bins. Front and rear bins were compared in terms of the mean and frequency distribution of the optically sensed GPC. In addition, the grain in each bin was manually sampled and tested in the laboratory for GPC. Results showed that it is possible to use the GPC measured by an optical sensor to effectively control a mechanical diverter valve for routing the grain into one of two bins on a combine. An advantage of this approach is that prior knowledge of harvesting zones is not required. C1 [Long, D. S.; McCallum, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Scharf, P. A.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Precis Agr Syst, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Long, DS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM dan.long@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1529 EP 1535 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0206 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300IV UT WOS:000330458500007 ER PT J AU Li, Y Allen, VG Hou, F Chen, J Brown, CP AF Li, Yue Allen, V. G. Hou, F. Chen, J. Brown, C. P. TI Steers Grazing a Rye Cover Crop Influence Growth of Rye and No-Till Cotton SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; CYCLIC HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; INTEGRATING COTTON; BEEF-PRODUCTION; TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS; WEED SUPPRESSION; SECALE-CEREALE; SOIL; RESIDUES; SYSTEMS AB Small grain cover crops offer grazing opportunities but effects on following row crops are not well understood. From 1999 through 2008, stocker steers (Bos taurus) grazed small grains in a two-paddock crop rotation of rye (Secale cereale L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), fallow, and rye. Treatments in 2005, 2007, and 2008 included (i) zero-grazed rye from 1999; (ii) ungrazed rye in the current year only; (iii) always grazed rye; and (iv) in 2007 and 2008, monoculture cotton (since 1999) with no cover crop. The experiment, on a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls), was a randomized complete block design with three blocks. Ungrazed rye was mechanically harvested before planting cotton. Rye excluded from grazing in 1 yr only (Treatment 2) was taller (P < 0.05) and produced more forage mass than zero-grazed rye (Treatment 1), likely due to higher rye tiller numbers, weight, and basal cover. Cotton planted into grazed rye had more plants m(-1) row and was taller until July (P < 0.05), and in 2005 had greater (P < 0.05) lint and seed yield than where grazing was excluded. Continuous cotton with no cover crop (Treatment 4) was shorter (P < 0.01) than cotton grown with a cover crop regardless of grazing. Known allelopathic chemicals were detected in rye and soil where rye grew and appeared to be influenced by grazing. Increased growth and productivity of rye and cotton where grazing occurred may be related to suppressive effects of grazing on allelopathy. C1 [Li, Yue; Allen, V. G.; Brown, C. P.] Texas Tech Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hou, F.] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Pastoral Agr Sci Tech, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Chen, J.] ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM yueliyueli@yahoo.com FU USDA-Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program, Southern Region, Griffin, GA FX Approved by the Dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Texas Tech Univ. Publ. no. T-4-634. Supported in part by grants from the USDA-Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program, Southern Region, Griffin, GA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1571 EP 1580 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0020 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300IV UT WOS:000330458500012 ER PT J AU Li, Y Allen, VG Chen, J Hou, F Brown, CP Green, P AF Li, Yue Allen, V. G. Chen, J. Hou, F. Brown, C. P. Green, P. TI Allelopathic Influence of a Wheat or Rye Cover Crop on Growth and Yield of No-Till Cotton SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; SOIL DEGRADATION DYNAMICS; INTEGRATING COTTON; BEEF-PRODUCTION; PHYTOTOXIC ALLELOCHEMICALS; WEED SUPPRESSION; GRAMINEAE; PRODUCTS; 2-BENZOXAZOLINONE; BENZOXAZINOIDS AB No-till planting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) into small grain cover crops has many benefits including allelopathic suppression of weeds but potential to also suppress cotton has been suggested. We investigated effects of rye (Secale cereal L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), or no cover crop on no-till planted cotton in a 3-yr field-plot experiment (randomized block design; 4 blocks), conducted at the Texas Tech Field Laboratory, New Deal. Soil was Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls). From 2007 to 2009, wheat or rye was planted into one-half of each replicate plot each September. Growth, removed in May, was chemically terminated with glyphosate. Cultivar FiberMax 9058F cotton was no-till planted each May and was harvested by December. By the end of the growing season, cotton planted with no cover crop was taller (P < 0.05) than cotton planted into cover crops. Cotton lint and seed yield were reduced (P < 0.05) by cover crops but the magnitude of the effects differed each year. Cotton leaf chlorophyll, measured in September 2009, was greater (P < 0.05) when no cover crop was used than for cotton planted into cover crops. Higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of three allelochemicals [2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA); 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H) -1,4-benzoxazin-3 (4H)-one (DIBOA); 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA)] were detected in soils where cover crops grew than where no cover crops were used but amounts varied due to specific cover crop and sampling date. Results suggest that lower cotton growth and yield due to cover crop may be partly due to their release of allelochemicals. C1 [Li, Yue; Allen, V. G.; Brown, C. P.; Green, P.] Texas Tech Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Chen, J.] ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Hou, F.] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Pastoral Agr Sci Tech, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM yueliyueli@yahoo.com FU USDA-Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education, Southern Region, Griffin, GA FX Approved by the Dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Texas Tech Univ. Publ. no. T-4-636. Supported in part by grants from the USDA-Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education, Southern Region, Griffin, GA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1581 EP 1587 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0065 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300IV UT WOS:000330458500013 ER PT J AU Hutmacher, RB Ulloa, M Wright, SD Campbell, BT Percy, R Wallace, T Myers, G Bourland, F Weaver, D Chee, P Thaxton, P Zhang, JF Smith, W Dever, J Kuraparthy, V Bowman, D Jones, D Burke, J AF Hutmacher, Robert B. Ulloa, Mauricio Wright, Steven D. Campbell, B. Todd Percy, Richard Wallace, Ted Myers, Gerald Bourland, Fred Weaver, David Chee, Peng Thaxton, Peggy Zhang, Jinfa Smith, Wayne Dever, Jane Kuraparthy, Vasu Bowman, Daryl Jones, Don Burke, John TI Elite Upland Cotton Germplasm-Pool Assessment of Fusarium Wilt Resistance in California SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID F-SP VASINFECTUM; PIMA COTTON; REGISTRATION; LINES AB During the past 9 yr, a new race of Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum [FOV Race 4]) has increasingly impacted cotton (Gossypium spp.) in the San Joaquin Valley of California. To assess the vulnerability of upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) in California to FOV disease, elite upland germplasm lines from 13 U. S. public breeding programs across the Cotton Belt and commercial cultivars were evaluated for disease resistance to FOV Races 1 and 4. Ten independent replicated field trials were conducted: three in 2008, four in 2010, and three in 2011. Significant differences (P <= 0.05) were observed for disease severity index of leaves, vascular root staining, and plant survival values among the elite germplasm lines in all 3 yr for the levels of resistance-response to FOV Races 1 and 4. Also, significant interactions among germplasm lines, FOV races (1 and 4), and evaluation sites indicated that germplasm lines differed in mechanisms of plant-defense response for the two FOV races. Selected lines from programs in the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi showed at least a moderate level of tolerance to both FOV races; however, several of these lines produced weak and coarse fibers. Based on these evaluations, many of the entries in public breeders' current elite upland germplasm pools may be more susceptible than expected to some FOV races, and sources of acceptable levels of resistance may be limited when tested under infestation levels that resulted in only 5 to 35% plant survival in susceptible check cultivars. C1 [Hutmacher, Robert B.] Univ Calif Davis, West Side Res & Extens Ctr, Dep Plant Sci, Five Points, CA 93624 USA. [Ulloa, Mauricio; Burke, John] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Wright, Steven D.] Univ Calif, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. [Campbell, B. Todd] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil & Water Conservat Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Percy, Richard] ARS, USDA, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Wallace, Ted] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Myers, Gerald] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bourland, Fred] Univ Arkansas, Northeast Res & Extens Ctr, Keiser, AR 72351 USA. [Weaver, David] Auburn Univ, Dep Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Chee, Peng] Univ Georgia, Natl Environm Sound Prod Agr Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Thaxton, Peggy] Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Zhang, Jinfa] New Mexico State Univ, Dep Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Smith, Wayne] Texas A&M Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Dever, Jane] Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Kuraparthy, Vasu; Bowman, Daryl] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jones, Don] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Ulloa, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM mauricio.ulloa@ars.usda.gov OI Bowman, Daryl T./0000-0001-6623-4035 FU Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC; California State Support Committee of Cotton Incorporated; California Cotton Alliance; Cotton Foundation FX We would like to acknowledge the assistance of University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisors (Dan Munk, Fresno County, and Brian Marsh, Kern County). Special thanks for field project support provided by Monica Biggs, Zulema Garcia (formerly USDA-ARS, Shafter Cotton Research Station), Mark Keeley, Raul Delgado, Gerardo Banuelos, and many student and research assistants from the University of California County Cooperative Extension and Research and Extension Centers, and USDA-ARS, WICSRU. Access to field sites was made possible with the permission and generous assistance of growers. We also thank Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, the California State Support Committee of Cotton Incorporated, the California Cotton Alliance, and the Cotton Foundation for partial support of this study. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA or the University of California. The USDA and the University of California are equal opportunity providers and employers. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1635 EP 1644 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0264 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300IV UT WOS:000330458500020 ER PT J AU Weyers, SL Johnson, JMF Archer, DW AF Weyers, Sharon L. Johnson, Jane M. F. Archer, David W. TI Assessment of Multiple Management Systems in the Upper Midwest SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; FARMING SYSTEMS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; QUALITY INDICATORS; GRAIN PRODUCTION AB Independently, reduced tillage, multicrop rotations, and organic fertilization are expected to enhance soil biological properties; outcomes are less understood when these management strategies are integrated with conventional or organic system management. Over 9 yr, soil biological properties of microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) and soluble organic C (SolC) and total soluble N (SolN) were measured to evaluate these practices. A full factorial arrangement within each management system of the following strategies were used: 2-yr vs. 4-yr rotation; conventional tillage (CT) vs. strip tillage (ST); and unfertilized vs. fertilized with inorganic fertilizer or manure in the conventional and organic systems, respectively. Parsing out independent effects from integrated strategies demonstrated that across all years, MBC and MBN were not influenced by system management but were higher in 4-yr than 2-yr rotations, ST than CT, and fertilized than unfertilized treatments; SolC and SolN were greater in fertilized treatments and SolN greater in CT treatments. Independent strategies, however, reacted differently when integrated under the two management systems. Under conventional system management, MBC increased with time only when ST was combined with a 4-yr rotation, regardless of fertilization strategy; whereas, under organic system management, MBC increased with time in all ST treatments regardless of rotation or fertilization strategy. Results confirmed expectations that reduced tillage and increased rotation diversity positively impacted measured soil parameters, but inorganic vs. organic fertilizer resulted in few differences. Selecting and using individual strategies to achieve positive soil changes will depend on system-level management and how strategies are integrated. C1 [Weyers, Sharon L.; Johnson, Jane M. F.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Archer, David W.] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Weyers, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM Sharon.Weyers@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040; Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 FU USDA-ARS FX We thank A. Wilts, N. Barbour, J. Eklund, C. Hennen, S. Larson, D. Peterson, S. VanKempen, and J. Hanson for their technical assistance in plot maintenance, sample collection, and sample analysis; B. Burmeister for helpful editing; and M. Lehman, USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD, for helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. We also thank our anonymous reviewers for their suggestions on improving the manuscript. This research was funded by the USDA-ARS. It is part of the USDA-ARS GRACEnet project. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1665 EP 1675 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0101 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300IV UT WOS:000330458500023 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Sistani, KR Adeli, A AF Tewolde, Haile Sistani, Karamat R. Adeli, Ardeshir TI Fall- and Spring-Applied Poultry Litter Effectiveness as Corn Fertilizer in the Mid-Southern United States SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; MANURE APPLICATION; AMMONIUM-NITRATE; BROILER LITTER; NITROGEN; TIME; COTTON; SOIL; YIELD; IMPACTS AB The effectiveness of fall-or winter-applied poultry litter, relative to spring-applied litter, as row crop fertilizer in the southern and southeastern United States has not been well researched. A 3-yr field study was conducted in northern Mississippi to determine the effectiveness of litter as corn (Zea mays L.) fertilizer and quantify loss of its potency when applied in the fall. The grain yield and biomass of corn that received fall-applied poultry litter (9 or 18 Mg ha(-1)) or 202 kg ha(-1) NH4NO3-N was compared against that of corn that received the same fertilization treatments applied in the spring including an unfertilized control. Corn fertilized with 18 Mg ha(-1) litter applied in the spring produced 24% less grain yield in the first year but up to 21% more grain yield in the last 2 yr than corn fertilized with spring-applied NH4NO3. Unlike the common assumption that 50 to 65% of the total litter N is available in the same year of application, we estimated only 31% of the total N from 18 Mg ha(-1) spring-applied litter was available to corn in the first year. Applying 18 Mg ha(-1) litter in the fall, relative to spring, reduced grain yield by 12.8% and biomass by 15.0% when averaged across the 3 yr. These results show that applying poultry litter in the fall in regions with warm fall and winter months similar to that of northern Mississippi reduces its value as a fertilizer and could potentially increase environmental risk. C1 [Tewolde, Haile; Adeli, Ardeshir] ARS, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sistani, Karamat R.] ARS, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM haile.tewolde@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1743 EP 1748 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0137 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300IV UT WOS:000330458500031 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Li, Z Gong, Y Lu, X Nielsen, DC AF Zhang, W. Li, Z. Gong, Y. Lu, X. Nielsen, D. C. TI Yield and Water Use of Siberian Wildrye with Ridge and Furrow Planting in Northern China SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS L; SOIL-WATER; CROP PRODUCTION; SEMIARID AREAS; USE EFFICIENCY; IRRIGATION; TEMPERATURE; POTATO; MULCH; TILLAGE AB Siberian wildrye (Elymus sibiricus L.) is a perennial grass that is widely planted in semiarid northern China, but yield is often low due to insufficient soil water supply. Field experiments were conducted from 2009 to 2011 to study the effects of ridge and furrow planting (RFP) on yield, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency (WUE) of Siberian wildrye grassland under rainfed conditions. The treatments included bare flat bed planting (FB), bare ridge with bare furrow (BRB), bare ridge with naked oat (Avena nuda L.) straw mulch in furrow (BRM), plastic mulch on ridge with bare furrow (MRB), and plastic mulch on ridge with straw mulch in furrow (MRM). In the RFP system, the ridge and furrow were each 30 cm wide. Total forage yield with MRB and MRM each year was 46 to 111% and 50 to 135% greater, respectively, than with FB (2580 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)). These two treatments also increased total WUE each year by 79 to 121% and 80 to 150%, respectively, compared with FB (10.8 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) yr(-1)). The BRB and BRM treatments increased total forage yield by 47 and 81% and total WUE by 51 and 81%, respectively, compared with FB only in 2010. The addition of straw mulch did not result in a further increase in total yield or WUE. Therefore, the MRB planting system will be recommended in Siberian wildrye production for achieving relatively high forage yield and WUE. C1 [Zhang, W.; Li, Z.; Gong, Y.; Lu, X.] China Agr Univ, Dep Soil & Water Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Nielsen, D. C.] ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Dep Soil & Water Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM zizhong@cau.edu.cn RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30471228, 41071153]; National Key Technology Research and Development Program [2006BAD16B01, 2012BAD05B01-5] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30471228 and 41071153) and the National Key Technology Research and Development Program (no. 2006BAD16B01 and 2012BAD05B01-5). We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Liwang Ma and Dr. Lajpat R. Ahuja at the USDA-ARS Agricultural System Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO, for the help in improving and editing the paper. We also appreciate researchers at the National Grassland Ecosystem Station located in Bashang Plateau, Hebei Province, for their help with the field experiments. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1787 EP 1796 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0469 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300IV UT WOS:000330458500036 ER PT J AU Main, CL Barber, LT Boman, RK Chapman, K Dodds, DM Duncan, S Edmisten, KL Horn, P Jones, MA Morgan, GD Norton, ER Osborne, S Whitaker, JR Nichols, RL Bronson, KF AF Main, Christopher L. Barber, L. Tomas Boman, Randall K. Chapman, Kent Dodds, Darrin M. Duncan, Stu Edmisten, Keith L. Horn, Patrick Jones, Michael A. Morgan, Gaylon D. Norton, E. Randall Osborne, Shane Whitaker, Jared R. Nichols, Robert L. Bronson, Kevin F. TI Effects of Nitrogen and Planting Seed Size on Cotton Growth, Development, and Yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MIDSOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; HIGH FIBER STRENGTH; DRY-MATTER; RICE PRODUCTION; UPLAND COTTON; LINT YIELD; COMPONENTS; FERTILIZATION; ACCUMULATION; CULTIVARS AB A standardized experiment was conducted during 2009 and 2010 at 20 location-years across U.S. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-producing states to compare the N use requirement of contemporary cotton cultivars based on their planting seed size. Treatments consisted of three cotton varieties with planting seed of different numbers of seed per kg and N rates of 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg ha(-1). Soil at each trial location was sampled and tested for nitrate presence. High levels of soil nitrate (>91 N-NO3 (-)kg ha(-1)) were found in Arizona and western Texas, and soil nitrate in the range of 45 to 73 kg N-NO3 (-)ha(-1) was found at locations in the central United States. Cotton lint yield responded to applied N at 11 of 20 locations. Considering only sites that responded to applied N, highest lint yields were achieved with 112 to 224 kg ha(-1) of applied plus pre-plant residual soil NO3-translating to an optimal N requirement of 23 kg ha(-1) per 218 kg bale of lint produced. Among the varieties tested those with medium-sized seed produced higher yields in response to N than did larger and smaller seeded varieties. Varieties with larger seed had longer and stronger fibers, higher fiber length uniformity than small seeded varieties and decreased micronaire. Seed protein and oil increased and decreased slightly in response to increasing amounts of soil nitrate plus applied N, respectively. C1 [Main, Christopher L.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Barber, L. Tomas] Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. [Boman, Randall K.; Osborne, Shane] Oklahoma State Univ, Altus, OK 73521 USA. [Chapman, Kent; Horn, Patrick] N Texas State Univ, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Dodds, Darrin M.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Duncan, Stu] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Edmisten, Keith L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jones, Michael A.] Clemson Univ, Florence, SC 29506 USA. [Morgan, Gaylon D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Norton, E. Randall] Univ Arizona, Safford, AZ 85548 USA. [Whitaker, Jared R.] Univ Georgia, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Nichols, Robert L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Bronson, Kevin F.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Main, CL (reprint author), Dow AgroSci, 120 Hidden Creek Cv, Medina, TN 38355 USA. EM clmain@dow.com NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1853 EP 1859 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0154 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300IV UT WOS:000330458500044 ER PT J AU Wilson, ML Baker, JM Allan, DL AF Wilson, Melissa L. Baker, John M. Allan, Deborah L. TI Factors Affecting Successful Establishment of Aerially Seeded Winter Rye SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COVER CROP MANAGEMENT; CORN YIELD RESPONSE; REDUCE NITRATE LOSS; SOIL-WATER; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; WEED SUPPRESSION; UPPER MIDWEST; GERMINATION; NITROGEN; WHEAT AB Establishing cover crops in a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation in northern climates can be difficult due to the short time between harvest and freezing temperatures. Aerial seeding into standing crops is one way to increase the time for germination and growth. Field studies were conducted to characterize the physical and chemical properties that affect winter rye (Secale cereale L.) establishment in corn and soybean, while a germination experiment was designed to determine optimal temperature and surface soil moisture content needed for successful germination. In the field study, 31 field-scale sites (22 corn and nine soybean) were aerially seeded in southeastern Minnesota during late August to early September 2009, 2010, and 2011. Aboveground biomass was collected before the ground froze, and multiple regression analysis was used to relate biomass to multiple soil and weather conditions. Total N uptake also was determined. Overall, precipitation the week after seeding was the most important factor in determining rye establishment, although our model accounted for only 43% of the variation in biomass. The germination study characterized winter rye germination on the surface of three different soils equilibrated to -50, -200, and -500 kPa water potential placed in three low-temperature incubators at 10, 18, and 25 degrees C. Total germination was decreased by decreasing water potential in the sandy loam but not the clay or silt loam, suggesting that moisture content may be more important than water potential at the soil surface. Generally, germination was drastically reduced below a moisture content of 0.083 g g(-1). C1 [Wilson, Melissa L.] Community Coll Baltimore Cty, Phys Sci Dep, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. [Baker, John M.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Allan, Deborah L.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Wilson, ML (reprint author), Community Coll Baltimore Cty, Phys Sci Dep, 7201 Rossville Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. EM wilso984@umn.edu FU Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources; Hueg-Harrison Fellowship FX Funding for the project was provided by the Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources and the Hueg-Harrison Fellowship. We'd also like to thank Dr. Carl Rosen, Dr. Jeffrey Strock, Dr. Paul Porter, and Dr. Paulo Pagliari for their input and Keith Piotrowski, Mark Zumwinkle, Adam Herges, and Jaime Alvarez for their technical expertise. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1868 EP 1877 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0133 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300IV UT WOS:000330458500046 ER PT J AU Gates, N Singh, MAF Sachdev, PS Valenzuela, M AF Gates, Nicola Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone Sachdev, Perminder S. Valenzuela, Michael TI The Effect of Exercise Training on Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Exercise; cognition; MCI ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; ELDERLY PERSONS; DECLINE; RISK; DEMENTIA; LIFE; STRENGTH; PROGRAM; SENIORS AB Objectives: Investigations of exercise and cognition have primarily focused on healthy or demented older adults, and results have been equivocal in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our aim was to evaluate efficacy of exercise on cognition in older adults with MCI. Design: We conducted a meta-analysis of random controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise effects on cognitive outcomes in adults with MCI. Searches were conducted in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, SPORTSDICUS, PsychInfo, and PubMed. Participants: Adults aged over 65 years with MCI or Mini-Mental State Exam mean score 24-28 inclusive. Measurements: Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale; data on participant and intervention characteristics and outcomes were extracted, followed by meta-analysis. Results: Fourteen RCTs (1,695 participants; age 65-95 years) met inclusion criteria. Quality was modest and under-powering for small effects prevalent. Overall, 42% of effect sizes (ESs) were potentially clinically relevant (ES > 0.20) with only 8% of cognitive outcomes statistically significant. Meta-analysis revealed negligible but significant effects of exercise on verbal fluency (ES: 0.17 [0.04, 0.30]). No significant benefit was found for additional executive measures, memory, or information processing. Overall results were inconsistent with benefits varying across exercise types and cognitive domains. Conclusions: There is very limited evidence that exercise improves cognitive function in individuals with MCI, although published research is of moderate quality and inconclusive due to low statistical power. Questions remain regarding the magnitude, generalization, persistence, and mechanisms of benefits. Large-scale, high-quality RCTs are required to determine if exercise improves cognition or reduces dementia incidence in those with MCI. C1 [Gates, Nicola; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Valenzuela, Michael] Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychiat, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. [Gates, Nicola; Sachdev, Perminder S.] Univ New S Wales, Fac Med, Brain & Aging Res Program, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. [Valenzuela, Michael] Univ Sydney, Brain & Mind Res Inst, Regenerat Neurosci Grp, Lidcombe, Australia. [Sachdev, Perminder S.] Prince Wales Hosp, Neuropsychiat Inst, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Lidcombe, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Lidcombe, Australia. Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Gates, N (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychiat, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. EM nicola.gates@student.unsw.edu.au OI Sachdev, Perminder/0000-0002-9595-3220 FU Pfizer FX This work received no funding source and all authors declare that they have no competing interests. MV has previously received honoraria for speaking at Pfizer-sponsored events as well as from The Brain Department Pty Ltd. For the remaining authors no funding was declared. MV is a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Career Development Fellow. NR 40 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 73 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1064-7481 EI 1545-7214 J9 AM J GERIAT PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1086 EP 1097 DI 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.02.018 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 298ZG UT WOS:000330363100006 PM 23831175 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, Gerhard TI Avocado and olive oil methyl esters SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Avocado oil methyl esters; Biodiesel; Fuel properties; Olive oil methyl esters; Transesterification ID CATALYZED BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; KINEMATIC VISCOSITY; DIESEL-ENGINE; FATTY-ACIDS; FUEL; TRANSESTERIFICATION; PETRODIESEL; COMPONENTS; FEEDSTOCK; LUBRICITY AB Biodiesel, the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils, animal fats or other triacylglycerol-containing materials and an alternative to conventional petroleum-based diesel fuel, has been derived from a variety of feedstocks. Numerous feedstocks have been investigated as potential biodiesel sources, including commodity oils, however, the methyl esters of avocado and olive oil would likely be suitable as biodiesel fuel. In order to expand the database and comprehensive evaluation of the properties of vegetable oil esters, in this work the fuel-related properties of avocado and olive oil methyl esters, which exhibit similar fatty acid profiles including high oleic acid content, are determined. The cetane numbers of avocado oil methyl esters and olive oil methyl esters are relatively high, determined as 59.2 and 62.5, respectively, due to their elevated content of methyl oleate. Other properties are well within the ranges specified in biodiesel standards. The cloud points of both esters are slightly above 0 C due to their content of saturated esters, especially methyl palmitate. Overall, avocado and olive oil yield methyl esters with fuel properties comparable to methyl esters from other commodity vegetable oils. The H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra of avocado and olive oil methyl esters are reported. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 58 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.09.003 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 300UX UT WOS:000330490600015 ER PT J AU Goerndt, ME Aguilar, FX Skog, K AF Goerndt, Michael E. Aguilar, Francisco X. Skog, Kenneth TI Drivers of biomass co-firing in US coal-fired power plants SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Co-generation facilities; Coal-fired power plant; Internal factor; Environmental regulation; Operational costs ID WOODY BIOMASS; ENERGY FEEDSTOCK; NORTHERN REGION; FLUIDIZED-BED; COCOMBUSTION; OPPORTUNITIES; COMBUSTION; EFFICIENCY AB Substantial knowledge has been generated in the U.S. about the resource base for forest-and other residue-derived biomass for bioenergy including co-firing in power plants. However, a lack of understanding regarding power plant-level operations and manager perceptions of drivers of biomass co-firing remains. This study gathered information from U.S. power plant managers to identify drivers behind co-firing, determine key conditions influencing past and current use, and explore future prospects for biomass in co-firing. Most of the biomass used in co-firing was woody biomass procured within 100 km of a power plant. Results show that the most influential co-firing drivers included: adequate biomass supply, competitive cost of biomass compared to fossil fuels, and costs of biomass transport. Environmental regulations were generally considered second-most influential in decisions to test or co-fire with biomass, but were of high importance to managers of plants that are currently not co-firing but may in the future. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goerndt, Michael E.; Aguilar, Francisco X.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Skog, Kenneth] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Goerndt, ME (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 203 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM goerndtm@missouri.edu; aguilarf@missouri.edu; kskog@fs.fed.us FU University of Missouri [11-JV-11111137-082]; USDA Forest Products Laboratory [11-JV-11111137-082] FX This research was partly funded through Joint Venture Agreement between the University of Missouri and the USDA Forest Products Laboratory 11-JV-11111137-082. We thank Gregg Coffin for his valuable insight regarding power plant operations and his contributions to development of the questionnaire. This publication is not intended to reflect the opinions of this Agency. Any errors remain the responsibility of the authors. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 58 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.09.012 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 300UX UT WOS:000330490600017 ER PT J AU Zhou, MM Kimbeng, CA Andru, S Tew, TL Pontif, MJ Gravois, KA AF Zhou, M. M. Kimbeng, C. A. Andru, S. Tew, T. L. Pontif, M. J. Gravois, K. A. TI Evaluating Sugarcane Families for Yield Potential and Repeatability Using Random Coefficient Models SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION METHODS; SELECTION; EFFICIENCY AB Sugarcane (Saccharum species hybrid) is a clonally propagated crop but during variety development, the first stage of selection occurs among seedlings established from true seed. All subsequent stages are established from vegetative stem cuttings and evaluated as clones. During family selection, whole families of seedlings are selected or rejected based on the family mean performance. Individual seedling selection is restricted to selected families. Confounding due to "seed type" can occur when the relative performance of families or individual genotypes differ between the seedling and clonal stages. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the use of random coefficient models (RCMs) for estimating the potential of sugarcane families to produce elite progeny. Data were collected from 17 families evaluated as seedlings in 2002 and clones in 2003. The elite families selected using RCM analysis produced higher mean cane yield in both the seedling and clonal stages and a higher proportion of high yielding clones than those selected using analysis of covariance and analysis of variance. The slope was the most discriminating parameter for family repeatability and was associated with high within-family variability. C1 [Zhou, M. M.; Kimbeng, C. A.; Andru, S.] LSU AgCtr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Tew, T. L.] ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, USDA, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Pontif, M. J.; Gravois, K. A.] LSU AgCtr, Sugar Res Stn, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. [Zhou, M. M.] South African Sugarcane Res Inst, ZA-4300 Edgecombe, South Africa. [Zhou, M. M.] Univ Orange Free State, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. RP Zhou, MM (reprint author), LSU AgCtr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM Marvellous.Zhou@sugar.org.za FU American Sugar Cane League FX The authors thank American Sugar Cane League for supporting this research and USDA, ARS Sugarcane Research Unit at Houma, LA, for providing the crosses used in this study. The authors extend gratitude to the staff at the USDA, ARS Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA, for their assistance with trial establishment and data collection. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2352 EP 2362 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.01.0052 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 299BY UT WOS:000330371000007 ER PT J AU Warburton, ML Williams, WP Windham, GL Murray, SC Xu, WW Hawkins, LK Duran, JF AF Warburton, Marilyn L. Williams, W. Paul Windham, Gary L. Murray, Seth C. Xu, Wenwei Hawkins, Leigh K. Franco Duran, Jorge TI Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of a Maize Association Mapping Panel Developed for the Identification of New Sources of Resistance to Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Accumulation SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GERMPLASM LINES; CONTRIBUTING RESISTANCE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; EAR ROT; REGISTRATION; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; INOCULATION AB Maize (Zea mays L.) susceptibility to ear rot by Aspergillus flavus (Link:Fr) and aflatoxin accumulation causes global economic and human health damage. Host plant resistance is an ideal solution, but commercial varieties lack sufficient resistance to solve the problem. Due to general lack of resistant maize germplasm, no currently available association mapping panels are expected to contain significant variation for the trait. A new association mapping panel containing the majority of aflatoxin accumulation resistant maize lines at the time of compilation is presented here along with genetic and phenotypic characterization data. Phenotypic data from testcrossed lines include aflatoxin levels, days to silking, and corn earworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] damage measured in seven environments and fungal biomass of kernels measured in three. In addition to identifying previously reported aflatoxin resistant lines, new resistant lines were discovered, which may be used for breeding improved germplasm. The Mexican landrace Tuxpeno is the progenitor or one main contributor for most of the resistant lines and likely the source of resistance, but a few other sources may allow additional novel resistance to be pyramided into future breeding lines. Genetic characterization of kinship, genetic diversity, and substructure analysis presented here will allow this resource to be used for association mapping of aflatoxin and identification of factors responsible for this challenging quantitative trait. C1 [Warburton, Marilyn L.; Williams, W. Paul; Windham, Gary L.; Hawkins, Leigh K.] ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Murray, Seth C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Xu, Wenwei] Texas A&M Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Franco Duran, Jorge] U Republ, Dept Biometria, Paysandu, Uruguay. RP Warburton, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Marilyn.warburton@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2374 EP 2383 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.10.0616 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 299BY UT WOS:000330371000009 ER PT J AU Jain, S Weeden, NF Porter, LD Eigenbrode, SD McPhee, K AF Jain, Shalu Weeden, Norman F. Porter, Lyndon D. Eigenbrode, Sanford D. McPhee, Kevin TI Finding Linked Markers to En for Efficient Selection of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus Resistance in Pea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; PISUM-SATIVUM L.; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; DINITROGEN FIXATION; SSR MARKERS; DNA MARKERS; LEGUMES; MICROSATELLITE; MODEL; GENOMICS AB Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) causes an important disease of cool-season food legumes, resulting in significant yield loss worldwide. The present investigation was carried out to study the inheritance and identify the molecular markers linked with the PEMV resistance gene (En) in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) using an F-7-derived mapping population developed from the cross 'Lifter' (resistant)/'Radley' (susceptible). Three hundred ninety-three recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were phenotyped for reaction to PEMV in the field under natural inoculation and in the greenhouse using artificial inoculation. The RILs segregated in the expected 1: 1 ratio for resistance and susceptibility in the field and greenhouse evaluations. Sequence tagged site markers were developed through an intron targeted amplified polymorphism approach based on comparative mapping with Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and a targeted region amplified polymorphism approach was also used to enrich the genomic region segregating for the En gene. Our results demonstrate that resistance to PEMV in pea is governed by a single gene, En, located on linkage group III between markers CNGC (2.5 cM) and tRNAMet2 (1.3 cM) with many other closely associated markers. These two markers in combination predict the presence of En with 99.4% accuracy in the Lifter/Radley mapping population and have implications for marker-assisted selection for PEMV resistance in pea improvement breeding programs. C1 [Jain, Shalu; McPhee, Kevin] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Weeden, Norman F.] Montana State Univ, Dep Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Porter, Lyndon D.] ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Eigenbrode, Sanford D.] Univ Idaho, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP McPhee, K (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM kevin.mcphee@ndsu.edu FU RAMP (Risk Assessment and Mitigation Program) of NIFA (National Institute for Food and Agriculture) [2008-511010-4522] FX Authors are grateful for funding (grant no. 2008-511010-4522) by the RAMP (Risk Assessment and Mitigation Program) of NIFA (National Institute for Food and Agriculture). Authors also thank Dr. Jim Myers, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, Deven Styczynski, North Dakota State University Fargo, ND, and Virginia A. Coffman, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA, for their help in field and greenhouse screening. Authors also thank Drs. Ted C. Helms and Farhad Ghavami, North Dakota State University Fargo, ND, for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2392 EP 2399 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.04.0211 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 299BY UT WOS:000330371000011 ER PT J AU Hwang, S King, CA Davies, MK Ray, JD Cregan, PB Purcell, LC AF Hwang, Sadal King, C. Andy Davies, Marilynn K. Ray, Jeffery D. Cregan, Perry B. Purcell, Larry C. TI QTL Analysis of Shoot Ureide and Nitrogen Concentrations in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NITRIC-OXIDE; FIXATION RESPONSE; EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; DINITROGEN FIXATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ELEVATED UREIDES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SUCROSE SYNTHASE AB Nitrogen (N) fixation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is more sensitive to drought than photosynthesis, and high concentrations of shoot ureide and N are associated with sensitivity of N-2 fixation to drought. Genotypic differences in ureide and N concentration were evaluated using a mapping population of 97 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between 'KS4895' and 'Jackson'. For three irrigated environments, broad-sense heritability for ureide and N concentration was 0.73 and 0.59, respectively. Under irrigated conditions, five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ureide concentration were identified using composite interval mapping (CIM). Multiple interval mapping (MIM) identified two QTLs with locations similar to those identified with CIM. Four QTLs for N concentration were detected using CIM, and one QTL was identified with MIM with a similar position as that identified with CIM. A QTL on Gm13 for shoot ureide and N appeared to be pleiotropic. In the drought environment, two QTLs were identified using CIM for both shoot ureide and N; a QTL for ureide concentration on Gm19 mapped to the same position as a ureide QTL under irrigated conditions, but the additive effect was opposite in sign. A search for metabolic genes in QTL regions predicted for the pleiotropic effect of N and ureide (Gm13, carbonic anhydrase) and for ureide (Gm19, inosine-uridine nucleoside hydrolase). These QTLs may be useful in selecting lines drought tolerant for N-2 fixation. C1 [Hwang, Sadal; King, C. Andy; Davies, Marilynn K.; Purcell, Larry C.] Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Ray, Jeffery D.] ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Cregan, Perry B.] ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Purcell, LC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lpurcell@uark.edu FU United Soybean Board; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS) [6402-21220-012-00D] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge partial financial support for this research from the United Soybean Board and from the United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS) project number 6402-21220-012-00D. Editorial assistance from Penny McGee is greatly appreciated. NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2421 EP 2433 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.11.0641 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 299BY UT WOS:000330371000014 ER PT J AU Pinson, SRM Jia, YL Gibbons, JW AF Pinson, Shannon R. M. Jia, Yulin Gibbons, James W. TI Three Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Resistance to Kernel Fissuring in Rice Identified by Selective Genotyping in Two Tropical Japonica Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MILLING QUALITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; YIELDS; CULTIVARS; BREAKAGE AB Kernel fissures in rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by pre- or postharvest stresses are the leading cause of breakage among milled rice, causing economic losses for producers, millers, and processors. The present study identified three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with fissure resistance (FisR) through selective genotyping of two mapping populations, one derived from 'Cypress' x 'LaGrue' and the other derived from 'Cybonnet' x 'Saber'. Two QTLs were identified on chromosome 1 and one on chromosome 8 in both populations. Further QTL verification as well as improved estimates of QTL locations and effects were obtained using a set of 275 Cybonnet x Saber recombinant inbred lines (RILs) tagged with markers along chromosomes 1 and 8 and phenotyped using seven replications of seed harvested in four environments. Both QTLs on chromosome 1 were statistically significant in all four environments; the chromosome 8 QTL was significant in three. All alleles for FisR originated from Cypress, which was the FisR parent of Cybonnet. The QTL with largest effect, qFIS1-2, which explained 13% of the RIL variance for FisR, was found linked to the semidwarf sd1 locus on chromosome 1. This explains earlier reports of putative association between FisR and short plant height. This is the first report of rice FisR QTLs whose effects were verified in multiple mapping populations and seed-production environments. C1 [Pinson, Shannon R. M.] ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77706 USA. [Jia, Yulin] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Gibbons, James W.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Pinson, SRM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM shannon.pinson@ars.usda.gov FU Rice Foundation; USDA-ARS; Texas A&M AgriLife Research; University of Arkansas FX Partial funding for this study was provided by the Rice Foundation, with funding also from USDA-ARS, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, and the University of Arkansas. Cypress x LaGrue F2 seed was obtained from Dr. Steve Linscombe, rice breeder at the LSU AgCenter's Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. For technical assistance we thank Faye Seaberg, Erin Franks, Richard Chase, Beth McFaddin, Jerri Daniels, Eric Grunden, Michael Lin, Alicia Stivers, Eddie Castenada, Jill Bulloch, Shelly Kerr, and David Hendrix. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2434 EP 2443 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.03.0132 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 299BY UT WOS:000330371000015 ER PT J AU Fox, CM Cary, TR Colgrove, AL Nafziger, ED Haudenshield, JS Hartman, GL Specht, JE Diers, BW AF Fox, Carolyn M. Cary, Troy R. Colgrove, Alison L. Nafziger, Emerson D. Haudenshield, James S. Hartman, Glen L. Specht, James E. Diers, Brian W. TI Estimating Soybean Genetic Gain for Yield in the Northern United States-Influence of Cropping History SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES ICHINOHE; CYST-NEMATODE; ROTATION SEQUENCE; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; TILLAGE SYSTEM; IMPROVEMENT; CULTIVARS; CORN; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE AB Mean on-farm U. S. soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield increased at a rate of 23.4 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) between 1924 and 2010 due to a combination of genetic improvements, agronomic technologies, and climatic changes. To estimate annual rates of genetic yield gain in three northern U. S. soybean maturity groups (MGs) and determine if these estimates are influenced by cropping history, 45 MG II, 40 MG III, and 45 MG IV cultivars released between 1923 and 2008 were evaluated in split-plot trials conducted in Illinois in 2010 where the main plot prior cropping treatments were either 11 yr of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) or 11 yr of a soybean-corn rotation. The experiment-wide genetic yield gain estimate was 22.8 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) and, after covariate adjustment of yields for maturity, the estimate was 19.8 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). These estimates show that soybean genetic yield potential has been a large contributor to the rate of on-farm yield improvement. The rate of yield gain estimates were not significantly different (P = 0.38) between the two cropping history treatments on an experiment-wide basis or at the MG III and MG IV individual locations but were significantly different at the MG II locations, where yield gain for soybean following continuous corn was significantly greater compared with the soybean-corn rotation treatment. Modern cultivars were not observed to be able to close the yield gap between the two cropping history treatments used in this experiment. C1 [Fox, Carolyn M.; Cary, Troy R.; Colgrove, Alison L.; Nafziger, Emerson D.; Hartman, Glen L.; Diers, Brian W.] Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Haudenshield, James S.; Hartman, Glen L.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Specht, James E.] Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Fox, CM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM cbonin2@illinois.edu FU Illinois Soybean Association; United Soybean Board FX This work was supported by soybean check-off funding from the Illinois Soybean Association to BD and funding from the United Soybean Board to CF. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2473 EP 2482 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.12.0687 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 299BY UT WOS:000330371000019 ER PT J AU Shekoofa, A Devi, JM Sinclair, TR Holbrook, CC Isleib, TG AF Shekoofa, Avat Devi, J. Mura Sinclair, Thomas R. Holbrook, Corley C. Isleib, Thomas G. TI Divergence in Drought-resistance Traits among Parents of Recombinant Peanut Inbred Lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSPIRATION RESPONSE; AQUAPORIN INHIBITORS; GRAIN LEGUMES; SOIL; REGISTRATION; MAIZE; PLANT; BENEFITS; DEFICIT; CELLS AB Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is often grown in climates of intermittent drought on sandy soils. Plants expressing water-conservative traits would minimize exposure to end-of-season, severe drought. Two traits resulting in conservative transpiration rates (TRs) are limitations on TR with soil drying and with increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD). This study focused on parents of existing recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations as sources of divergent expression of these two traits. If divergence is found, their derived RIL population could be used in identifying genetic markers. Since both water-conservation traits are laborious to document, a key extension of this study was to explore the possibility of using aquaporin inhibitors as practical tools in marker identification. Tifrunner had a lower soil water threshold for a decline in TR than NC 3033 and N08082olJCT. Tifrunner also had a higher VPD breakpoint than three genotypes, including NC 3033 and N08082olJCT. The difference between Tifrunner and these other two genotypes extended to their response to aquaporin inhibitors. The decrease in TR of Tifrunner when exposed to aquaporin inhibitors was much larger than NC 3033 when treated with silver and N08082olJCT when treated with zinc. This study indicates that an effort to develop drought markers in peanut RIL population should focus on Tifrunner x NC 3033 using the silver inhibitor and/or Tifrunner x N08082olJCT using the zinc inhibitor. C1 [Shekoofa, Avat; Devi, J. Mura; Sinclair, Thomas R.; Isleib, Thomas G.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Holbrook, Corley C.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM trsincla@ncsu.edu FU Islamic Development Bank, Saudi Arabia FX The senior author gratefully acknowledges the support provided by a scholarship from the Islamic Development Bank, Saudi Arabia. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2569 EP 2576 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.03.0153 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 299BY UT WOS:000330371000028 ER PT J AU Harris-Shultz, K Raymer, P Scheffler, BE Arias, RS AF Harris-Shultz, Karen Raymer, Paul Scheffler, Brian E. Arias, Renee S. TI Development and Characterization of Seashore Paspalum SSR Markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; VAGINATUM SWARTZ; LINKAGE MAP; BERMUDAGRASS; MICROSATELLITES; CONSTRUCTION; MECHANISMS; TOLERANCE; ECOTYPES; BAHIAGRASS AB The increasing use of secondary water sources for irrigation, which is highly linked to salinization, creates a demand for salt tolerant turf. Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a warm-season turfgrass that survives in sand dunes along coastal sites, brackish ponds, and in estuaries. Some seashore paspalum accessions and cultivars are far more salt tolerant than others. To identify genetic regions that are associated with salt tolerance, molecular tools must be developed. In this study, genomic libraries, enriched for microsatellites, were generated using the salt tolerant accession HI33. High throughput sequencing and subsequent assembling of these libraries resulted in 18,967 contigs and 158,595 singletons. The number of simple sequence repeats (SSR) detected in contigs and in singletons was 3511 and 31,949, respectively, and the number of primer sets designed within each group was 937 and 1667. A total of 80 SSR markers, including five markers previously developed, were used to assess genetic relationships among 18 Paspalum accessions. Two major clusters were identified from the seashore paspalum accessions. Accessions that are likely polyploids, all with coarse leaves, grouped together whereas accessions with fine-to mid-fine leaves formed a second group. Furthermore, 33 seashore paspalum SSR markers cross-amplified in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) and these markers can be a useful tool in this species. C1 [Harris-Shultz, Karen] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Raymer, Paul] Univ Georgia, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] ARS, USDA, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Arias, Renee S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Harris-Shultz, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Karen.harris@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2679 EP 2685 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.11.0671 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 299BY UT WOS:000330371000039 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Gowda, PH Arnold, JG Mulla, DJ Ale, S Steiner, JL Tomer, MD AF Moriasi, Daniel N. Gowda, Prasanna H. Arnold, Jeffrey G. Mulla, David J. Ale, Srinivasulu Steiner, Jean L. Tomer, Mark D. TI Evaluation of the Hooghoudt and Kirkham Tile Drain Equations in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to Simulate Tile Flow and Nitrate-Nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; QUALITY; SWAT; LOSSES; CORN; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; DEPTH AB Subsurface tile drains in agricultural systems of the midwestern United States are a major contributor of nitrate-N (NO3-N) loadings to hypoxic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. Hydrologic and water quality models, such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, are widely used to simulate tile drainage systems. The Hooghoudt and Kirkham tile drain equations in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool have not been rigorously tested for predicting tile flow and the corresponding NO3-N losses. In this study, long-term (1983-1996) monitoring plot data from southern Minnesota were used to evaluate the SWAT version 2009 revision 531 (hereafter referred to as SWAT) model for accurately estimating subsurface tile drain flows and associated NO3-N losses. A retention parameter adjustment factor was incorporated to account for the effects of tile drainage and slope changes on the computation of surface runoff using the curve number method (hereafter referred to as Revised SWAT). The SWAT and Revised SWAT models were calibrated and validated for tile flow and associated NO3-N losses. Results indicated that, on average, Revised SWAT predicted monthly tile flow and associated NO3-N losses better than SWAT by 48 and 28%, respectively. For the calibration period, the Revised SWAT model simulated tile flow and NO3-N losses within 4 and 1% of the observed data, respectively. For the validation period, it simulated tile flow and NO3-N losses within 8 and 2%, respectively, of the observed values. Therefore, the Revised SWAT model is expected to provide more accurate simulation of the effectiveness of tile drainage and NO3-N management practices. C1 [Moriasi, Daniel N.; Steiner, Jean L.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Gowda, Prasanna H.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Arnold, Jeffrey G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Mulla, David J.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ale, Srinivasulu] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. [Tomer, Mark D.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM daniel.moriasi@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX Funding for this study was provided by USDA-ARS. Disclaimer: The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this web site is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Assigned to Associate Editor Colleen Rossi. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1699 EP 1710 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.01.0018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KJ UT WOS:000330462500010 PM 25602410 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Cantrell, CL Astatkie, T Schlegel, V Jeliazkova, E Lowe, D AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Cantrell, Charles L. Astatkie, Tess Schlegel, Vicki Jeliazkova, Ekaterina Lowe, Derek TI The Effect of Coal-Bed Methane Water on Spearmint and Peppermint SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POWDER RIVER-BASIN; ESSENTIAL OILS; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; GROWTH; ASSAY AB Coal bed methane is extracted from underground coal seams that are flooded with water. To reduce the pressure and to release the methane, the water needs to be pumped out. The resulting waste water is known as coal bed methane water (CBMW). Major concerns with the use of CBMW are its high concentrations of S, Na, dissolved Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, and bicarbonate (HCO3-). Irrigation water is a scarce resource in most of the western states. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various amounts of CBMW on the growth, essential oil content, composition, and antioxidant activity of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) crops that were irrigated with the water. These two crops are grown in some western states and are potential specialty crops to Wyoming farmers. The irrigation treatments were 0% CBMW (tap water only), 25% CBMW (25% CBMW plus 75% tap water), 50% CBMW (50% CBMW and 50% tap water), 75% CBMW (75% CBMW plus 25% tap water), and 100% CBMW. Analyses of the data revealed that the CBMW treatments did not affect the antioxidant capacity of spearmint or peppermint oil (242 and 377 mu mol L-1 Trolox g(-1), respectively) or their major oil constituents (carvone or menthol). Coal bed methane water at 100% increased total phenols and total flavonoids in spearmint but not in peppermint. Coal bed methane water also affected oil content in peppermint but not in spearmint. Spearmint and peppermint could be watered with CBMW at 50% without suppression of fresh herbage yields. However, CBMW at 75 and 100% reduced fresh herbage yields of both crops and oil yields of peppermint relative to the control. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Jeliazkova, Ekaterina] Univ Wyoming, Sheridan Res & Extens Ctr, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. [Astatkie, Tess] Dalhousie Univ, Fac Agr, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Schlegel, Vicki] Univ Nebraska, Dep Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Lowe, Derek] Beneterra LLC, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Sheridan Res & Extens Ctr, 663 Wyarno Rd, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. EM vjeliazk@uwyo.edu RI Astatkie, Tess/J-7231-2012 OI Astatkie, Tess/0000-0002-9779-8789 FU University of Wyoming FX The authors thank Mrs. Adrienne O. Tatman, Ms. Berva Brock, and Mrs. Leanne Roadifer for help with the greenhouse studies. This research was supported by the University of Wyoming funds awarded to Dr. Valtcho D. Zheljazkov (Jeliazkov). NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1815 EP 1821 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0211 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KJ UT WOS:000330462500021 PM 25602421 ER PT J AU Cogger, CG Bary, AI Kennedy, AC Fortuna, AM AF Cogger, Craig G. Bary, Andy I. Kennedy, Ann C. Fortuna, Ann-Marie TI Long-Term Crop and Soil Response to Biosolids Applications in Dryland Wheat SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CLASS-B BIOSOLIDS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; LAND APPLICATION; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; AMENDED SOILS; CARBON; NITROGEN AB Biosolids have the potential to improve degraded soils in grain-fallow rotations. Our objectives were to determine if repeated biosolids applications in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow could supply adequate but not excessive N for grain production and increase soil C without creating a high risk of P loss. A replicated on-farm experiment was established in 1994 in central Washington, comparing anaerobically digested biosolids with anhydrous NH3 and a zero-N control. Biosolids were applied at 5, 7, and 9 Mg ha(-1) every fourth year through 2010 and incorporated 10 cm deep, while anhydrous NH3 plots received 56 kg ha(-1) N every second year. Grain yield and protein were determined. Soil chemical, biological, and bulk density analyses were made in 2012. Medium and high biosolids rates significantly increased grain yield (3.63 vs. 3.13 Mg ha-1) and protein (103 vs. 85 g kg(-1)) compared with anhydrous NH3 averaged across all crops. The medium biosolids rate had significantly lower bulk density (1.05 vs. 1.22 g kg(-1)) and greater total C (0-10cm depth) (16.9 vs. 9.4 g kg(-1)), mineralizable N (156 vs. 52 mg kg(-1)), and extractable P (114 vs. 16 mg kg(-1)) than anhydrous NH3. The P index site vulnerability increased from low for anhydrous NH3 to medium for the biosolids treatments. Soil NO 3 -N was nearly always < 10 mg N kg(-1) soil (0-30-cm depth). Medium and high biosolids rates significantly increased bacteria/fungi ratios, Gram-negative bacteria, and anaerobic bacteria markers compared with anhydrous NH 3. Biosolids can be an agronomically and environmentally sound management practice in wheat-fallow systems. C1 [Cogger, Craig G.; Bary, Andy I.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Kennedy, Ann C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fortuna, Ann-Marie] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Cogger, CG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM cogger@wsu.edu FU Northwest Biosolids Management Association; King County Dep. of Natural Resources; Agricultural Research Center at Washington State Univ. [0711, 0722] FX The Northwest Biosolids Management Association, the King County Dep. of Natural Resources, and the Agricultural Research Center at Washington State Univ. (Hatch Projects 0711 and 0722) funded this project. We thank Elizabeth Myhre and Jeremy Hansen for their technical support. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1872 EP 1880 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0109 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KJ UT WOS:000330462500027 PM 25602427 ER PT J AU Christopher-Hennings, J Araujo, KPC Souza, CJH Fang, Y Lawson, S Nelson, EA Clement, T Dunn, M Lunney, JK AF Christopher-Hennings, Jane Araujo, Karla P. C. Souza, Carlos J. H. Fang, Ying Lawson, Steven Nelson, Eric A. Clement, Travis Dunn, Michael Lunney, Joan K. TI Opportunities for bead-based multiplex assays in veterinary diagnostic laboratories SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Review DE Bead assay; cytometric bead array; diagnostics; Luminex; xMAP; multiplex; polymerase chain reaction ID FLUORESCENT-MICROSPHERE IMMUNOASSAY; FOOT-AND-MOUTH; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; MICROBEAD-BASED IMMUNOASSAY; RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ASSAYS; SUSPENSION ARRAY TECHNOLOGY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; NUCLEIC-ACID AMPLIFICATION; ATYPICAL BOVINE PESTIVIRUS AB Bead-based multiplex assays (BBMAs) are applicable for high throughput, simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in solution (from several to 50-500 analytes within a single, small sample volume). Currently, few assays are commercially available for veterinary applications, but they are available to identify and measure various cytokines, growth factors and their receptors, inflammatory proteins, kinases and inhibitors, neurobiology proteins, and pathogens and antibodies in human beings, nonhuman primates, and rodent species. In veterinary medicine, various nucleic acid and protein-coupled beads can be used in, or for the development of, antigen and antibody BBMAs, with the advantage that more data can be collected using approximately the same amount of labor as used for other antigen and antibody assays. Veterinary-related BBMAs could be used for detection of pathogens, genotyping, measurement of hormone levels, and in disease surveillance and vaccine assessment. It will be important to evaluate whether BBMAs are fit for purpose, how costs and efficiencies compare between assays, which assays are published or commercially available for specific veterinary applications, and what procedures are involved in the development of the assays. It is expected that many veterinary-related BBMAs will be published and/or become commercially available in the next few years. The current review summarizes the BBMA technology and some of the currently available BBMAs developed for veterinary settings. Some of the human diagnostic BBMAs are also described, providing an example of possible templates for future development of new veterinary-related BBMAs. C1 [Christopher-Hennings, Jane; Fang, Ying; Lawson, Steven; Nelson, Eric A.; Clement, Travis; Dunn, Michael] S Dakota State Univ, Vet & Biomed Sci Dept, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Araujo, Karla P. C.; Souza, Carlos J. H.; Lunney, Joan K.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Souza, Carlos J. H.] Brazilian Agr Res Corp EMBRAPA, Bage, RS, Brazil. RP Christopher-Hennings, J (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Vet & Biomed Sci Dept, N Campus Dr, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM jane.hennings@sdstate.edu RI Souza, Carlos /E-6076-2015 OI Souza, Carlos /0000-0003-3886-2020 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-Embrapa Labex postdoctoral fellowship [200602/2010-1]; National Pork Board [08-189, 09-234, 09-244]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by a Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-Embrapa Labex postdoctoral fellowship (200602/2010-1) to Karla Araujo, by National Pork Board support through grants 08-189, 09-234, 09-244, and by U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service project funds. NR 169 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 28 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 25 IS 6 BP 671 EP 691 DI 10.1177/1040638713507256 PG 21 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 296YK UT WOS:000330221100002 PM 24153036 ER PT J AU Hoon-Hanks, LL Regan, D Dubey, JP Porter, MC Duncan, CG AF Hoon-Hanks, Laura L. Regan, Daniel Dubey, Jitender P. Porter, Merry Carol Duncan, Colleen G. TI Hepatic neosporosis in a dog treated for pemphigus foliaceus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Azathioprine; dogs; immunosuppression; Neospora caninum; pemphigus foliaceus ID IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY; CUTANEOUS NEOSPOROSIS; DIAGNOSIS; CANINUM; DISEASE; LIVER AB A 4-year-old, female, spayed Border Collie dog was presented for progressive lethargy, inappetence, and weakness of 4 days duration. The animal had been diagnosed with pemphigus foliaceus 3 months prior and was receiving combination immunosuppressive therapy. Serum biochemistry revealed severely elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin, and humane euthanasia was elected. Gross postmortem examination revealed a diffusely pale tan to slightly yellow, enlarged, markedly friable liver with an enhanced reticular pattern. Histologically, the hepatic changes consisted of multifocal to coalescing areas of severe vacuolar degeneration, numerous coalescing foci of hepatocellular necrosis, and myriad intra- and extracellular protozoa that reacted immunohistochemically with polyclonal antibodies to Neospora caninum, and not Toxoplasma gondii. Neosporosis in the current case is thought to be due to reactivation of latent N. caninum occurring with the administration of glucocorticoid therapy. The severe complication in the present case highlights the importance of early detection and mitigation of common infections in immunosuppressed animals. C1 [Hoon-Hanks, Laura L.; Regan, Daniel; Duncan, Colleen G.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dubey, Jitender P.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Porter, Merry Carol] VCA All Pets Anim Hosp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Duncan, CG (reprint author), CSU Diagnost Med Ctr, 300 West Drake Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM duncan@colostate.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 25 IS 6 BP 807 EP 810 DI 10.1177/1040638713507257 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 296YK UT WOS:000330221100021 PM 24202993 ER PT J AU Wang, H Pandey, MK Qiao, LX Qin, HD Culbreath, AK He, GH Varshney, RK Scully, BT Guo, BZ AF Wang, Hui Pandey, Manish K. Qiao, Lixian Qin, Hongde Culbreath, Albert K. He, Guohao Varshney, Rajeev K. Scully, Brian T. Guo, Baozhu TI Genetic Mapping and Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis for Disease Resistance Using F-2 and F-5 Generation-based Genetic Maps Derived from 'Tifrunner' x 'GT-C20' in Peanut SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; CULTIVATED PEANUT; REGISTRATION AB One mapping population derived from Tifrunner x GT-C20 has shown great potential in developing a high density genetic map and identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) for important disease resistance, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and leaf spot (LS). Both F-2 and F-5 generation-based genetic maps were previously constructed with 318 and 239 marker loci, respectively. Higher map density could be achieved with the F-2 map (5.3 cM per locus) as compared to the F-5 (5.7 cM per locus). Quantitative trait loci analysis using multi-environment phenotyping data from F-8 and higher generations for disease resistance identified 54 QTL in the F-2 map including two QTL for thrips (12.14-19.43% phenotypic variation explained [PVE]), 15 for TSWV (4.40-34.92% PVE), and 37 for LS (6.61-27.35% PVE). Twenty-three QTL could be identified in the F-5 map including one QTL for thrips (5.86% PVE), nine for TSWV (5.20-14.14% PVE), and 13 for LS (5.95-21.45% PVE). Consistent QTL identified in each map have shown higher phenotypic variance than nonconsistent QTL. As expected, the number of QTL and their estimates of phenotypic variance were lower in the F-5 map. This is the first QTL study reporting novel QTL for thrips, TSWV, and LS in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), and therefore, future studies will be conducted to refine these QTL. C1 [Wang, Hui] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hui; Pandey, Manish K.; Qiao, Lixian; Culbreath, Albert K.] Univ Georgia, Dep Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Wang, Hui; Pandey, Manish K.; Qiao, Lixian; Scully, Brian T.; Guo, Baozhu] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Pandey, Manish K.; Varshney, Rajeev K.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Qiao, Lixian] Qingdao Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Qin, Hongde] Hubei Acad Agr Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [He, Guohao] Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Wang, Hui] Shandong Acad Agr Sci, Peanut Res Inst, Qingdao, Peoples R China. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Baozhu.Guo@ars.usda.gov RI Varshney, Rajeev/C-5295-2014 OI Varshney, Rajeev/0000-0002-4562-9131 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Peanuts; Peanut Foundation; National Peanut Board; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI-0605251]; USDA/CSREES/Capacity Building Program [2006-38814-17489] FX We thank Billy Wilson, Jake Fountain, Stephanie Lee, Lucero Gutierrez, and Sara Beth Pelham for technical assistance in the field and the laboratory. This research was partially supported by funds provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Peanuts, Peanut Foundation, and National Peanut Board. We are also thankful to National Science Foundation to DRC (NSF, DBI-0605251) and USDA/CSREES/Capacity Building Program to GH (#2006-38814-17489) for supporting this research. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2013.05.0018 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 299AK UT WOS:000330366400012 ER PT J AU Yan, FF Hester, PY Enneking, SA Cheng, HW AF Yan, F. F. Hester, P. Y. Enneking, S. A. Cheng, H. W. TI Effects of perch access and age on physiological measures of stress in caged White Leghorn pullets SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE perch; catecholamine; corticosterone; serotonin; age ID DIFFERENT HOUSING SYSTEMS; LAYING HENS; LYMPHOCYTE RATIO; FURNISHED CAGES; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; BREAKING STRENGTH; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SEROTONIN RELEASE; TONIC IMMOBILITY; BATTERY CAGES AB The neuroendocrine system controls animals' adaptability to their environments by releasing psychotropic compounds such as catecholamines [epinephrine (EP), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA)], corticosterone (CORT), and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT). Changes of these neuroendocrine compounds have been used as biomarkers of animals' stress responses associated with their well-being. Assuming that pullets, like laying hens, are highly motivated to perch, we hypothesize that pullets with access to perches will experience less stress than pullets that never have access to perches. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of perch access and age on physiological measurements of stress in White Leghorn pullets housed in conventional cages. Hatchlings (n = 1,064) were randomly assigned to 28 cages. Two parallel metal round perches were installed in each of 14 cages assigned the perch treatment, whereas control cages were without perches. Two birds per cage were bled at wk 4, 6, and 12 wk of age. Plasma levels of CORT, DA, EP, and NE, blood concentrations of 5-HT and Trp, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios were measured. Data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA. The perch treatment or its interaction with age did not affect any parameter measured in the study. The increase in the concentrations of circulating EP, NE, 5-HT (numerical increase at 4 wk), and Trp in 4- and 6-wk-old pullets compared with 12-wk-old pullets is unclear, but may have been due to acute handling stress at younger ages. In contrast, concentrations of DA were less at 4 wk compared with levels at 6 and 12 wk of age. Plasma CORT levels and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, indicators of long-term stress, were unaffected by age (P = 0.07 and 0.49, respectively). These results indicated that age, but not perch access, affects neuroendocrine homeostasis in White Leghorn pullets. Pullets that were never exposed to perches showed no evidence of eliciting a stress response. C1 [Yan, F. F.; Hester, P. Y.; Enneking, S. A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cheng, H. W.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Heng-Wei.Cheng@ars.usda.gov FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-67021-30114] FX This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant no. 2011-67021-30114 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Perches were donated by T. L. Pollard of Big Dutchman (Holland, MI) and the hatchlings were provided by Hy-Line Hatchery (Warren, IN). We thank F. A. Haan and B. D. Little from the Poultry Farm of Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN) for the management and care of the birds. Also, we thank A. M. Hargarten, J. L. Heinke, G. L. Nowling, R. J. Lockridge, R. L. Dennis, J. Y. Hu, and G. M. Morello of the USDA Livestock Behavior Research (West Lafayette, IN) for technical assistance. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 92 IS 11 BP 2853 EP 2859 DI 10.3382/ps.2013-03271 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 301IE UT WOS:000330525200005 PM 24135587 ER PT J AU Dymond, J Vinyard, B Nicholson, AD French, NA Bakst, MR AF Dymond, J. Vinyard, B. Nicholson, A. D. French, N. A. Bakst, M. R. TI Short periods of incubation during egg storage increase hatchability and chick quality in long-stored broiler eggs SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; hatchability; egg storage; blastoderm; early embryo mortality ID EARLY EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; HATCHING EGGS; PRESTORAGE INCUBATION; PREINCUBATION STORAGE; BREEDER EGGS; TURKEY EGGS; CELL-DEATH; BLASTODERM; AGE; RESISTANCE AB It is recognized that cool egg storage for 8 d or longer, commonly employed in broiler parent and commercial layer production, reduces hatchability. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of short periods of incubation during egg storage (SPIDES) in the restoration of hatchability of broiler hatching eggs stored for 21 d. Prolonged cool storage reduced hatchability of untreated eggs from 92 to 71%. The SPIDES treatment, which consisted of four 4-h preincubations at 4- to 5-d intervals during storage, reduced the incubation time and restored hatchability to 84% by lowering both early and late embryo mortality (P = 0.0002). The SPIDES-treated embryos exhibited higher proportions of viable cells after each preincubation (P = 0.02), potentially alleviating the negative effects of storage-induced cell death on embryo development. After completion of 4 preincubations, SPIDES embryos were advanced to intermediate primitive streak formation, a developmental stage previously associated with embryo mortality during storage. In contrast to reported preincubation methods imposed on-farm immediately before the eggs are first cooled, the SPIDES technique permits 4 d of cool storage before the initial preincubation treatment, introducing flexibility in the incubation protocol and enabling cool storage up to 3 wk with much improved hatch rates than would usually be expected. Although SPIDES chicks exhibited a BW equivalent to that of embryos derived from unstored eggs at hatch, the initial relative growth was increased as a result of SPIDES, generating a higher BW over the first 4 wk post-hatch (P < 0.05). Single preincubations of 6 and 12 h at 4 d of storage caused similar advances in embryo stage to the SPIDES treatment, but the hatchability was worse than in the untreated controls, suggesting small multiple preincubations during storage have a greater benefit than a single incubation performed on d 4 of storage. Future research regarding the cellular and molecular basis of physiological stress reduction in SPIDES embryos will yield new insights into the alleviation of early embryo mortality associated with egg storage. C1 [Dymond, J.; Bakst, M. R.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vinyard, B.] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nicholson, A. D.; French, N. A.] Aviagen Ltd, Newbridge EH28 8SZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM murray.bakst@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [1265-31000-093-02T] FX Supported by USDA Agricultural Research Service Project No. 1265-31000-093-02T. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 92 IS 11 BP 2977 EP 2987 DI 10.3382/ps.2012-02816 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 301IE UT WOS:000330525200020 PM 24135602 ER PT J AU Zhuang, H Savage, EM AF Zhuang, Hong Savage, Elizabeth M. TI Comparison of cook loss, shear force, and sensory descriptive profiles of boneless skinless white meat cooked from a frozen or thawed state SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE white meat; broiler breast; quality; freeze; thaw ID BROILER BREAST MEAT; WARNER-BRATZLER SHEAR; CHICKEN BREAST; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; BEEF PATTIES; THAWING TEMPERATURE; ALLO-KRAMER; QUALITY; COLOR; PALATABILITY AB Four replications were conducted to compare quality measurements, cook loss, shear force, and sensory quality attributes of cooked boneless skinless white meat, broiler breast fillets (pectoralis major) prepared directly from a frozen state or prepared from a thawed state. In each replication, fresh broiler fillets (removed from carcasses 6-8 h postmortem) were procured from a local commercial processing plant and stored in a -20 degrees C freezer until use. On the sensory evaluation date, fillets were cooked to an endpoint temperature of 78 degrees C either directly from the frozen state (thawing during cooking) or after the frozen samples were thawed in a refrigerator (2 degrees C) overnight (thawing before cooking). Cook loss and Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear force were used as indicators for instrumental quality measurements. Sensory quality measurements were conducted by trained descriptive panelists using 0 to 15 universal intensity scales for 8 texture and 10 flavor attributes. Results show that there were no differences (P > 0.05) in measurements for sensory descriptive flavor attributes of cooked fillets between the 2 sample thawing methods, indicating that the sensory flavor profiles of both methods were similar to each other. However, WB shear force (36.98 N), cook loss (21.2%), sensory texture attributes of cohesiveness (intensity score was 5.59), hardness (5.14), rate of breakdown (5.50), and chewiness (5.21) of the breast fillets cooked directly from the frozen state were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the breast meat cooked after being thawed (30.56 N, 19.0%, 5.19, 4.78, 5.29, and 5.02, respectively). These results indicate that cookery directly from frozen boneless skinless white meat can result in different measurement values of cook loss, shear force, and sensory descriptive texture attributes compared with cookery after frozen fillets are thawed. C1 [Zhuang, Hong; Savage, Elizabeth M.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Zhuang, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM hong.zhuang@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 92 IS 11 BP 3003 EP 3009 DI 10.3382/ps.2012-02801 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 301IE UT WOS:000330525200023 PM 24135605 ER PT J AU Trimble, LM Alali, WQ Gibson, KE Ricke, SC Crandall, P Jaroni, D Berrang, M Habteselassie, MY AF Trimble, Lisa M. Alali, Walid Q. Gibson, Kristen E. Ricke, Steven C. Crandall, Philip Jaroni, Divya Berrang, Mark Habteselassie, Mussie Y. TI Prevalence and concentration of Salmonella and Campylobacter in the processing environment of small-scale pastured broiler farms SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Campylobacter; pastured poultry; processing environment ID ON-FARM; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POULTRY MANURE; SURVIVAL; COMPOST; SOILS; INACTIVATION; MORTALITIES; IMPACTS AB A growing niche in the locally grown food movement is the small-scale production of broiler chickens using the pasture-raised poultry production model. Limited research exists that focuses on Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination in the environment associated with on-farm processing of pasture-raised broilers. The objective of this study was to establish data relative to Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence and concentration in soil and mortality compost resulting from prior processing waste disposal in the small-scale, on-farm broiler processing environment. Salmonella and Campylobacter concentrations were determined in soil (n = 42), compost (n = 39), and processing wastewater (PWW; n = 46) samples from 4 small broiler farms using a 3-tube most probable number (MPN) method for Salmonella and direct plating method for Campylobacter. Salmonella prevalence and concentration (mean log(10) MPN per sample weight or volume) in soil [60%, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.66 to 1.27)], compost [64%, 0.95 (95% CI: 0.66 to 1.24)], and wastewater [48%, 1.29 (95% CI: 0.87 to 1.71)] were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Although Campylobacter prevalence was not significantly different by sample type (64.3, 64.3, and 45.7% in soil, compost, and PWW, respectively), the concentration (mean log10 cfu) of this pathogen was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in wastewater [2.19 (95% CI: 0.36 to 3.03)] samples compared with soil [3.08 (95% CI: 2.23 to 3.94)], and compost [3.83 (95% CI: 2.71 to 4.95)]. These data provide insight into small-scale poultry production waste disposal practices and provides a record of data that may serve as a guide for future improvement of these practices. Further research is needed regarding the small-scale broiler production environment in relation to improving disposal of processing waste for optimum control of human pathogens. C1 [Trimble, Lisa M.; Alali, Walid Q.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Trimble, Lisa M.; Alali, Walid Q.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Gibson, Kristen E.; Ricke, Steven C.; Crandall, Philip] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Gibson, Kristen E.; Ricke, Steven C.; Crandall, Philip] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Jaroni, Divya] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. [Berrang, Mark] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Habteselassie, Mussie Y.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Alali, WQ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM walali@uga.edu FU USDA-Southern Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SSARE) project [LS11-245] FX The authors thank the USDA-Southern Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SSARE) project #LS11-245 for providing the funding for this project. The authors also thank all participating farmers in this study. We thank Eric Adams at the USDA-Agriculture Research Services in Athens, Georgia, and Meghan Keys, Jared Smith, Nathan Flitcroft, Jarred Sturm, and David Mann at the University of Georgia Center for Food Safety. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 92 IS 11 BP 3060 EP 3066 DI 10.3382/ps.2013-03114 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 301IE UT WOS:000330525200030 PM 24135612 ER PT J AU Derscheid, RJ van Geelen, A McGill, JL Gallup, JM Cihlar, T Sacco, RE Ackermann, MR AF Derscheid, Rachel J. van Geelen, Albert McGill, Jodi L. Gallup, Jack M. Cihlar, Tomas Sacco, Randy E. Ackermann, Mark R. TI Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Memphis 37 Grown in HEp-2 Cells Causes more Severe Disease in Lambs than Virus Grown in Vero Cells SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE G protein; HEp-2; Infant; lamb; lung; respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); Vero ID GLYCOPROTEIN-G; O-GLYCOSYLATION; POLYPEPTIDES; INFECTION; PROTEINS; REPLICATION; MODEL AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children. A small percentage of these individuals develop severe and even fatal disease. To better understand the pathogenesis of severe disease and develop therapies unique to the less-developed infant immune system, a model of infant disease is needed. The neonatal lamb pulmonary development and physiology is similar to that of infants, and sheep are susceptible to ovine, bovine, or human strains of RSV. RSV grown in Vero (African green monkey) cells has a truncated attachment G glycoprotein as compared to that grown in HEp-2 cells. We hypothesized that the virus grown in HEp-2 cells would cause more severe clinical symptoms and cause more severe pathology. To confirm the hypothesis, lambs were inoculated simultaneously by two different delivery methods (intranasal and nebulized inoculation) with either Vero-grown or HEp-2-grown RSV Memphis 37 (M37) strain of virus to compare viral infection and disease symptoms. Lambs infected with HEp-2 cell-derived virus by either intranasal or nebulization inoculation had significantly higher levels of viral RNA in lungs as well as greater clinical disease including both gross and histopathologic lesions compared to lambs similarly inoculated with Vero-grown virus. Thus, our results provide convincing in vivo evidence for differences in viral infectivity that corroborate previous in vitro mechanistic studies demonstrating differences in the G glycoprotein expression by RSV grown in Vero cells. C1 [Derscheid, Rachel J.; van Geelen, Albert; Gallup, Jack M.; Ackermann, Mark R.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McGill, Jodi L.; Sacco, Randy E.] ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Cihlar, Tomas] Gilead Sci Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. RP Derscheid, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, 1600 S 16th St, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rachelderscheid@gmail.com; avg@iastate.edu; Jodi.McGill@ars.usda.gov; eag@iastate.edu; tomas.cihlar@gilead.com; Randy.Sacco@ars.usda.gov; mackerma@iastate.edu FU NIH NIAID [1R56AI091000-01A1]; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Iowa State University CVM Seed Grants FX This work was funded in part by NIH NIAID 1R56AI091000-01A1, Gilead Sciences, Inc., and Iowa State University CVM Seed Grants. The authors would like to thank Allison Hannen for her assistance in optimizing the immunohistochemical technique, and Jacob Tupper for his assistance throughout the study. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD NOV PY 2013 VL 5 IS 11 BP 2881 EP 2897 DI 10.3390/v5112881 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA 301HK UT WOS:000330523200015 PM 24284879 ER PT J AU Way, TR Watts, DB Tewolde, H Sistani, KR Torbert, HA AF Way, T. R. Watts, D. B. Tewolde, H. Sistani, K. R. Torbert, H. A. TI IMPLEMENT WITH ADJUSTABLE BAND SPACING FOR SUBSURFACE BAND APPLICATION OF POULTRY LITTER SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Animal waste; Manures; Poultry manure; Subsurface banding ID BROILER LITTER; RUNOFF WATER; QUALITY; PASTURE; COTTON; NUTRIENT; LOSSES; SOILS AB Poultry litter; which is a mixture of poultry manure and a bedding material, is typically land-applied using broadcast application. During rainfall events, nutrients from surface-applied litter may be transported in runoff water, into streams, rivers, lakes, and other water bodies. A four-band implement for subsurface band application of poultry litter and similar solid products in row crops and pastures was developed. A novel feature of the implement is its adjustable band spacing, from 25 to 102 cm (10 to 40 in) in 2.5 cm (1 in) increments. Prior to development of the four-band implement, a single-band implement was developed Using the implements, subsurface band application of broiler litter to row crops and pastures greatly decreased nutrient losses and bacterial concentrations in runoff water compared to surface broadcast application. Compared to surface broadcast application, subsurface band application increased cotton yield, improved cotton fiber length, and improved the efficiency with which cotton plants made use of the litter-derived nitrogen. C1 [Way, T. R.; Watts, D. B.; Torbert, H. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Tewolde, H.] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY USA. RP Way, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM tom.way@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 831 EP 839 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 295VA UT WOS:000330143200002 ER PT J AU Kornecki, TS Arriaga, FJ Price, AJ Balkcom, KS AF Kornecki, T. S. Arriaga, F. J. Price, A. J. Balkcom, K. S. TI EFFECTS OF RECURRENT ROLLING/CRIMPING OPERATIONS ON COVER CROP TERMINATION, SOIL MOISTURE, AND SOIL STRENGTH FOR CONSERVATION ORGANIC SYSTEMS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cover crops; Roller/crimper; Soil strength; Conservation systems ID REDUCING VIBRATION; YIELD AB Rolling/crimping technology has been utilized to mechanically terminate cover crops in conservation agriculture. In the southeastern United States, to eliminate competition for valuable soil moisture, three weeks are typically required after rolling to plant a cash crop into the desiccated cover crop residue. A common method to enhance the cover crop termination is a supplemental application of herbicides such as glyphosate. However, synthetic herbicides cannot be used in organic production, thus additional rolling operations might speed the desiccation process. On the other hand, recurrent rolling/crimping operations could cause additional soil compaction, which could be detrimental for water infiltration and crop root development. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effectiveness of a single-stage roller with straight bars and a new two-stage roller in terminating either rye (Secale cereale L) or a mixture of rye, crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L) with repeated rolling operations, and the effect of repeated rolling on volumetric soil water content and soil strength. Cover crop termination dates were selected three weeks before planting date recommendations for vegetables in the northern Alabama region. In three growing seasons (2007, 2008, 2009), three weeks after rolling, both roller designs effectively terminated rye > 90%, which is above the recommended rye termination rate to plant a cash crop. No difference in termination rates were observed between two rollers. Rolling two or three times did not cause additional soil compaction, and rolled residue reduced soil strength compared to standing cover crops due to an improved termination rate and associated moisture conservation. Soil volumetric moisture content (VMC) after repeated rolling operations was significantly higher compared with standing rye and mixture covers. In the mixture, hairy vetch was actively growing two weeks after rolling even after three rolling operations, most likely due to too early growth stage for hairy vetch. Repeated rolling can be beneficial for faster mechanical termination of cover crops such as rye and crimson clover, but may not be adequate for mixtures that include hairy vetch. C1 [Kornecki, T. S.; Price, A. J.; Balkcom, K. S.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Arriaga, F. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kornecki, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 South Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM ted.kornecki@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 841 EP 850 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 295VA UT WOS:000330143200003 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, SA Evett, SR Colaizzi, PD Howell, TA AF O'Shaughnessy, S. A. Evett, S. R. Colaizzi, P. D. Howell, T. A. TI WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK EFFECTIVELY CONTROLS CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION OF SORGHUM SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Irrigation scheduling; Crop water stress index; Center pivot; sorghum; Variable rate irrigation; Wireless ID CROP WATER-STRESS; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; THRESHOLD METHOD; TIME-THRESHOLD; GRAIN-SORGHUM; COTTON; SYSTEM; INDEX; WHEAT AB Automatic irrigation scheduling has been demonstrated using wired sensors and sensor network systems with subsurface drip and moving irrigation systems. However, there are limited studies that report on crop yield and water use efficiency resulting from the use of wireless networks to automatically schedule and control irrigations. In this 2011 study, a multinode wireless sensor network (WSN) system was mounted onto a six-span center pivot equipped with a commercial variable rate irrigation (VRI) system. Data from the WSN was used to calculate an integrated crop water stress index (iCWSI) threshold for automatic irrigation scheduling of grain sorghum. Crop response to the automatic method was compared with manual irrigation scheduling using weekly direct soil water measurements. The WSN system was operational throughout 98% of the growing season, and the delivery rates for data packets from the different nodes ranged between 90% and 98%. Dry grain yields and WUE in the automatic and manual treatment plots were not significantly different from each other at any of the irrigation levels. Crop water use and WUE were highest in the I-80% irrigation treatment level. Average seasonal integrated crop water stress indices were negatively correlated to irrigation treatment amounts in both the manual and automatic plots and correlated well to crop water use. These results demonstrate that it is feasible to use WSN systems for irrigation management on afield-scale level. C1 [O'Shaughnessy, S. A.; Evett, S. R.; Colaizzi, P. D.; Howell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Bushland, TX USA. RP O'Shaughnessy, SA (reprint author), PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM susan.oshaughnessy@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program; USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. Work reported in this paper was accomplished as part of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between USDA-ARS and Valmont Industries, Inc., Valley, Nebraska (Agreement No.: 58-3K95-0-1455-M). The authors also acknowledge the dedicated work performed by Luke Britten, Agricultural Science Technician, and Brice Ruthardt, Scientist, USDA-ARS, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 853 EP 864 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 295VA UT WOS:000330143200004 ER PT J AU Atungulu, GG Teh, HE Wang, T Fu, R Wang, X Khir, R Pan, Z AF Atungulu, G. G. Teh, H. E. Wang, T. Fu, R. Wang, X. Khir, R. Pan, Z. TI INFRARED PRE-DRYING AND DRY-DEHULLING OF WALNUTS FOR IMPROVED PROCESSING EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCT QUALITY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Walnuts; Infrared pre-drying; Shelf life; Dry dehulling; Processing efficiency ID RADIO-FREQUENCY TREATMENTS; IN-SHELL WALNUTS; RANCIDITY AB The walnut industry is faced with an urgent need to improve post-harvest processing efficiency, particularly drying and dehulling operations. This research investigated the feasibility of dry-dehulling and infrared (IR) pre-drying of walnuts for improved processing efficiency and dried product quality. Freshly harvested walnuts (ethephon and non-ethephon treated) with whole and partly-attached hulls were dehulled using a test device to determine dry-dehulling time and frequency. The physical dimensions of walnuts without, with partly-attached, and with whole hulls were determined. In-shell walnuts of high (43%, w.b) and low (18%, w.b) moisture were pre-dried with IR for 2, 3, and 4 min followed by hot air (HA) drying at 43 degrees C for up to 24 h and effects on drying rate and product quality were studied Based on results, walnuts with whole and partly-attached hulls could be dry-dehulled to achieve over 90% dehulled nut in 45 and 15 s, respectively. Ethephon treatment had no significant influence on dry-dehulling of walnuts with partly-attached hulls. Contrarily, Ethephon-treated walnuts with whole hulls had dehulled nut percentage higher than untreated ones. Walnuts without, with partly-attached, and with whole hulls could be separated based on axial dimensions. IR pre-drying improved walnut drying rate. Up to 7% moisture reduction for high moisture nuts was achievable in 240 s of IR pre-drying with nut center temperature relatively below 43 degrees C in the first 150 s. IR pre-drying for 180 s followed by HA drying had no effect on the quality of processed products compared with HA. The studied approaches have potential to improve processing efficiency and quality of dried walnuts. C1 [Atungulu, G. G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Teh, H. E.; Wang, T.; Fu, R.; Wang, X.; Khir, R.; Pan, Z.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Khir, R.] Suez Canal Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Engn, Ismailia, Egypt. [Pan, Z.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zhongli.pan@ars.usda.gov FU Energy Innovations Small Grants (EISG) program FX The authors wish to express appreciation to James Thompson and Brian De La Cruz of the University of California, Davis, for their strong support with the research, Cilker Orchards for supplying walnuts samples, and the Energy Innovations Small Grants (EISG) program for providing partial funding to conduct this research. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 961 EP 971 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 295VA UT WOS:000330143200014 ER PT J AU Noland, TL Morneault, AE Dey, DC Deugo, D AF Noland, Thomas L. Morneault, Andree E. Dey, Daniel C. Deugo, Dave TI The effect of storage temperature and duration on northern red oak acorn viability and vigour SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE germination; recalcitrant seed storage; seed storage temperature; seed storage longevity; Quercus rubra ID SEED-GERMINATION; QUERCUS-RUBRA; REGENERATION; FAILURE; FOREST AB Three separate collections of Ontario sources of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) acorns were made to determine the effects of long-term cold storage at +2 degrees C, -1 degrees C, and -2 degrees C on their viability and vigour. We measured acorn moisture content, percent germination during storage, speed of germination and total germination values, root regrowth of seeds that germinated in storage, incidence of fungal contamination, and condition of ungerminated acorns. Viability and vigour peaked six to 12 months after acorns were placed in storage, but decreased with continued storage. After 18 months in storage, >= 60% of the acorns germinated in four of the five seedlots tested and, after 30 months in storage, >= 53% of the acorns germinated in three of the five seedlots tested. Acorn viability was only minimally affected by storage temperature; however, since temperatures above -2 degrees C allowed acorns to germinate during storage, the preferred long-term storage temperature was -2 degrees C. Our results suggest that, assuming proper storage conditions, most red oak seedlots will maintain relatively high germination levels when stored at -2 degrees C for 18 months. Seedlots with particularly high initial germination and vigour may be successfully stored for up to 30 months. C1 [Noland, Thomas L.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Ontario Forest Res Inst, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Morneault, Andree E.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Southern Sci & Informat Sect, North Bay, ON P1A 4L7, Canada. [Dey, Daniel C.] Univ Missouri, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Deugo, Dave] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Bracebridge, ON P1L 1W9, Canada. RP Noland, TL (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Ontario Forest Res Inst, 1235 Queen St East, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM tom.noland@ontario.ca NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI MATTAWA PA C/O CANADIAN ECOLOGY CENTRE, PO BOX 430, 6905 HWY 17 W, MATTAWA, ONTARIO P0H 1V0, CANADA SN 0015-7546 EI 1499-9315 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 89 IS 6 BP 769 EP 776 DI 10.5558/tfc2013-139 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 293PT UT WOS:000329986200016 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Ozkan, HE Zhu, H Derksen, RC Krause, CR AF Chen, Y. Ozkan, H. E. Zhu, H. Derksen, R. C. Krause, C. R. TI SPRAY DEPOSITION INSIDE TREE CANOPIES FROM A NEWLY DEVELOPED VARIABLE-RATE AIR-ASSISTED SPRAYER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Canopy sensing; Laser sensor; Orchard sprayer; Precision farming; Spray coverage ID NURSERY LINER APPLICATIONS; ORCHARD APPLICATIONS; LASER SCANNER; PENETRATION; COVERAGE; VINEYARD; SENSORS; VOLUME; CROPS AB Conventional spray applications in orchards and ornamental nurseries are not target-oriented, resulting in significant waste of pesticides and contamination of the environment. To address this problem, a variable-rate air-assisted sprayer implementing laser scanning technology was developed to apply appropriate amounts of pesticides based on tree canopy characteristics including tree height, width, volume, foliage density, and occurrence. The new sprayer performance was evaluated in an apple orchard by quantifying spray deposition inside canopies at three different growth stages (leafing, half-foliage, and full-foliage) with three sprayer treatments: the new variable-rate sprayer (S-1), the same sprayer without the variable-rate function (52), and a conventional air-blast sprayer (S-3). Their spray coverage and deposits inside canopies were measured and compared with water-sensitive papers and nylon screens. The three sprayer treatments provided fairly consistent spray coverage and deposits in the spray direction (or canopy depth direction) at the leafing stage. The variations in spray coverage and deposits in the spray direction increased considerably for S-2 and S3 at the half-foliage and full-foliage stages. S1 produced better uniformity in spray coverage and deposits across the tree height direction than S2 and S3 at all growth stages. Compared to constant-rate sprayers, the new variable-rate sprayer only consumed 27% to 53% of the spray mixture while still achieving adequate spray coverage inside the canopies. In addition, the spray deposition from the new sprayer was very consistent regardless of the canopy growth stage. Therefore, the new sprayer increased spray efficiency and improved spray accuracy by greatly lowering the possibility of overspray, resulting in reduced spray costs and potential reduction of environmental pollution. C1 [Chen, Y.] Ohio State Univ OARDC, USDA ARS Applicat Technol Res Unit ATRU, Wooster, OH USA. [Chen, Y.] Ohio State Univ OARDC, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn FABE, Wooster, OH USA. [Ozkan, H. E.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zhu, H.; Derksen, R. C.; Krause, C. R.] USDA ARS ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIAR SCRI [2009-51181-06002]; OARDC SEEDS fund FX The authors express their appreciation to A. Clark, K. Williams, B. Nudd, H. Jeon, J. Gu, A. Doklovic, and L. Morris for their assistance throughout this research. This research was supported by the USDA-NIAR SCRI (Grant No. 2009-51181-06002). Financial support from the OARDC SEEDS fund is also acknowledged. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1263 EP 1272 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 288HQ UT WOS:000329603000001 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Zhu, H Ozkan, HE Derksen, RC Krause, CR AF Chen, Y. Zhu, H. Ozkan, H. E. Derksen, R. C. Krause, C. R. TI SPRAY DRIFT AND OFF-TARGET LOSS REDUCTIONS WITH A PRECISION AIR-ASSISTED SPRAYER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Environment pollution; Laser scanner; Orchard; Ornamental nursery; Variable-rate sprayer ID VARIABLE-RATE SPRAYER; APPLE ORCHARDS; FRUIT-TREES; SENSOR; VOLUME; SIZE AB Spray drift and off-target losses are inherent problems of conventional air-assisted sprayers; consequently, their low efficiencies cause environmental pollution and public anxiety. A new drift reduction technology incorporating laser scanning capabilities with a variable-rate air-assisted sprayer was developed to address these problems. This new sprayer, the same sprayer with the variable-rate function disabled, and a conventional constant-rate air-blast sprayer were tested for comparison of spray drift and off-target losses in an apple orchard. Tests were conducted at three different growth stages: trees just beginning to leaf (leafing), half foliage, and full foliage. Spray deposits from spray drift and off-target losses were collected within tree rows at ground level, above and behind the sprayed trees, in the spaces between trees, and from 3.2 m tall poles at 5, 15, and 35 m from the tree rows. Compared to the constant-rate sprayers, the laser-guided variable-rate sprayer reduced average spray losses on the ground by 68% to 90% and around tree canopies by 70% to 92%, reduced airborne spray drift by 70% to 100%, and most importantly, reduced the spray volume by 47% to 73%, while spray deposition quality inside the canopy for these sprayers was comparable. These results demonstrate that the variable-rate sprayer incorporating the innovative laser scanning technology reduced spray drift and off-target losses of pesticides, was environmentally sustainable, and was economically beneficial to growers. C1 [Chen, Y.] Ohio State Univ OARDC, USDA ARS Applicat Technol Res Unit ATRU, Wooster, OH USA. [Chen, Y.] Ohio State Univ OARDC, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn FABE, Wooster, OH USA. [Zhu, H.; Derksen, R. C.; Krause, C. R.] USDA ARS ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ozkan, H. E.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA NIFA SCRI [2009-51181-06002]; Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) SEEDS Fund FX The authors express their appreciation to A. Clark, K. Williams, B. Nudd, H. Jeon, J. Gu, A. Doklovic, and L. Morris for their assistance throughout this study. This research was supported by USDA NIFA SCRI (Grant No. 2009-51181-06002). Financial support was also provided by The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) SEEDS Fund. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1273 EP 1281 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 288HQ UT WOS:000329603000002 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Bartelt-Hunt, SL Lamb, SJ Li, X Marx, DB Snow, DD Parker, DB Woodbury, BL AF Gilley, J. E. Bartelt-Hunt, S. L. Lamb, S. J. Li, X. Marx, D. B. Snow, D. D. Parker, D. B. Woodbury, B. L. TI RUNOFF NUTRIENT TRANSPORT AS AFFECTED BY LAND APPLICATION METHOD, SWINE GROWTH STAGE, AND RUNOFF RATE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Land application; Manure management; Manure runoff; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Runoff; Soil loss; Swine manure; Water quality ID INTERRILL SOIL-EROSION; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; MANURE APPLICATION; MODEL-EQUATIONS; PLOT-SCALE; PHOSPHORUS; FERTILIZER; NITROGEN; AREAS AB This study was conducted to measure the effects of slurry application method, swine growth stage, and flow rate on runoff nutrient transport. Swine slurry was obtained from production units containing grower pigs, finisher pigs, or sows and gilts. The swine slurry was applied using broadcast, disk, or injection methods at a rate required to meet annual nitrogen requirements for corn. Three 30 min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24 h intervals, were applied to the experimental plots at an intensity of 70 mm. Inflow was applied at the top of each plot in four successive increments after the third rainfall simulation run to simulate greater plot lengths. The dissolved phosphorus (DP) load of 0.20 kg ha(-1) obtained on the broadcast treatment was significantly greater than the 0.11 and 0.08 kg ha(-1) measured on the disk and injected treatments, respectively. The DP runoff load of 0.17 kg ha(-1) measured for the sows and gilts treatment was significantly greater than the 0.11 kg ha(-1) obtained for the finisher treatment. In contrast, the NH4-N load of 0.70 kg ha(-1) obtained on the finisher treatment was significantly greater than the 0.32 kg ha(-1) measured on the grower treatment and the sows and gilts treatment. Runoff rate was an important variable significantly influencing each of the measured water quality parameters. Runoff loads of DR total phosphorus, NO3-N, and total nitrogen increased from 8.4 to 40.1, from 101 to 659, from 420 to 2470, and from 470 to 2850 g ha(-1) min(-1), respectively, as runoff rate increased from 3.2 to 21.2 L min(-1). C1 [Gilley, J. E.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Bartelt-Hunt, S. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Lamb, S. J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Environm Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Li, X.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Snow, D. D.] Univ Nebraska, Water Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Parker, D. B.] West Texas A&M Univ, Commercial Core Lab, Canyon, TX USA. [Woodbury, B. L.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, 251 Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1295 EP 1303 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 288HQ UT WOS:000329603000004 ER PT J AU Lerch, RN Harbourt, CM Broz, RR Thevary, TJ AF Lerch, R. N. Harbourt, C. M. Broz, R. R. Thevary, T. J. TI ATRAZINE INCORPORATION AND SOIL EROSION: BALANCING COMPETING WATER QUALITY CONCERNS FOR CLAYPAN SOILS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Atrazine; Claypan soils; Erosion; Minimum till; No till; Rotary harrow; Runoff; Water quality ID LONG-TERM RESEARCH; HERBICIDE TRANSPORT; SURFACE RUNOFF; RANDOM ROUGHNESS; CORN; RAINFALL; LOSSES; TILLAGE; VULNERABILITY; METOLACHLOR AB In the U.S. Corn Belt, claypan soils are vulnerable to both erosion and transport of unincorporated herbicides. Thus, there is a need to identify tillage practices that can achieve a balance between herbicide transport and soil erosion for these soils. The objectives of this research were to compare the effect of three tillage systems on sediment and atrazine transport in surface runoff for a claypan soil and to compare their agronomic utility. The tillage treatments were: (1) rotary harrow with atrazine incorporated to similar to 5 cm (RH), (2) no-till without incorporation (NT), and (3) minimum till with atrazine incorporated to similar to 10 cm (MT). Three main tillage plots were established on a Leonard silt loam (2% to 3% slopes), a typical claypan soil series. For each treatment, two sets of runoff subplots, with three replicates each, were established within the main plots. Runoff was generated with a rainfall simulator at an average rate of 27 mm h(-1). Runoff samples were collected at unequal time intervals from I to 90 min after runoff initiation and analyzed for total suspended sediment (TSS) and dissolved-phase atrazine concentrations. The RH treatment had significantly lower mean TSS concentrations and load (0.25 g L-1 and 67 kg ha(-1)) than MT (0.58 g L-1 and 155 kg ha(-1)), but it did not significantly increase erosion compared to NT (0.16 g L-1 and 42 kg ha(-1)). The RH treatment also significantly decreased atrazine concentrations and relative loads compared to NT but it did not significantly increase atrazine transport compared to MT Average atrazine concentrations (in mu g L-1) and relative loads (as a percentage of applied) were: 2100 and 22.2% for NT 850 and 10.6% for RH, and 405 and 6.4% for MT The RH treatment also resulted in comparable or better grain yield than the other treatments. Results indicated that the RH treatment successfully managed the trade-off between erosion and atrazine transport and, thus, holds promise as a best management practice for claypan and related restrictive layer soils. C1 [Lerch, R. N.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Harbourt, C. M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Broz, R. R.] Univ Missouri Agr Extens, Columbia, MO USA. [Thevary, T. J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. RP Lerch, RN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, 1407 Rollins Rd, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bob.lerch@ars.usda.gov FU Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. FX The authors wish to acknowledge Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., for the partial funding support for this project, the helpful input on the experimental design details, and assistance with the field work. We wish to thank our field crew from Waterborne Environmental, Inc., the USDA-ARS, and University of Missouri Extension for their valuable help in conducting the field portion of the study. We also wish to thank Tim Reinbott, superintendent of the Bradford Research and Extension Center, for providing the plot area, irrigation infrastructure, and assistance with the plot preparation, planting, and harvesting for the study. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1305 EP 1316 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 288HQ UT WOS:000329603000005 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Cantrell, KB Bauer, PJ Miller, JO AF Hunt, P. G. Cantrell, K. B. Bauer, P. J. Miller, J. O. TI PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION OF RYEGRASS WITH TEN PRECISELY PREPARED MANURE BIOCHARS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Manure management; Mehlich 3 extraction; Plant nutrients; Pyrolysis; Thermochemical conversion ID SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION; SWINE WASTE-WATER; SPACE TEMPERATURE REGULATION; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; SOIL; CARBON; ACCUMULATION; PYROLYSIS; COPPER; GREEN AB Biochars made from livestock manures need to be better understood in relation to their high nutrient contents. Accordingly, the objective of this investigation was to assess the plant availability and agronomic efficacy of phosphorus (P) contained within chemical fertilization compared to the P contained in ten precisely prepared and characterized manure-derived biochars. Two identical greenhouse experiments were conducted using ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). The ten biochars were created from dairy, swine, beef turkey, and chicken manures. Each manure feedstock was converted into biochar at two temperatures (350 degrees C and 700 degrees C). The soil was a sand (Uchee series; loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Kanhapludults) with a low P content. The biochar-amended treatments received P on a basis of 50 mg P2O5 kg(-1) soil. The biochar treatments were compared to chemically fertilized treatments of 0 to 150 mg P kg(-1) soil. The biochars did not contain yield-limiting levels of EC, pH, Zn, or Cu. Phosphorus in the manure-derived biochars was readily plant available. The biochars generally produced ryegrass yields similar to chemical fertilizer. The chicken 350 degrees C biochar produced the highest ryegrass yield, and the swine 350 degrees C biochar produced the lowest ryegrass yield. For the biochar treatments, the ryegrass Cu and Zn concentrations were within normal ranges, and they were not significantly different from the simple chemical fertilization treatments. Thus, for ryegrass growth, manure biochars can be used for their P-supplying capacities. This can be important to manure management, crop fertilization, and conservation of global P resources. C1 [Hunt, P. G.; Cantrell, K. B.; Bauer, P. J.; Miller, J. O.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), 2611 West Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM patrick.hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1317 EP 1324 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 288HQ UT WOS:000329603000006 ER PT J AU Purswell, JL Branton, SL Luck, BD Davis, JD AF Purswell, J. L. Branton, S. L. Luck, B. D. Davis, J. D. TI EFFECTS OF AIR VELOCITY ON LAYING HEN PRODUCTION FROM 24 TO 27 WEEKS UNDER SIMULATED EVAPORATIVELY COOLED CONDITIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cooling; Egg production; Heat stress; Tunnel ventilation ID HIGH DEW-POINT; BROILER-CHICKENS; GROWTH-RESPONSES; HEAT-TRANSFER; PERFORMANCE; TEMPERATURES; HOUSE; OPTIMIZATION; CAGE AB Thermal conditions play a major role in production efficiency in commercial poultry production. Mitigation of thermal stress can improve productivity, but it must be achieved economically Weather and system design can limit the effectiveness of evaporative cooling, and increased air movement has been shown to improve production efficiency in broilers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of varied levels of air velocity on the productivity of laying hens housed under evaporatively cooled conditions by assessing hen-day egg production (HDEP), feed consumption (FC), feed consumption per dozen eggs (FD), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and egg weight (EW). Three treatments were tested (still air, constant 0.76 m s(-1), and constant 1.52 m s(-1)) at 27.8 degrees C and 82% RH to mimic an evaporatively cooled poultry house in the southeastern U.S. under summer weather conditions. Air velocity test units (wind tunnels) containing cages were constructed; still air treatment groups were housed in identical cage units without the surrounding wind tunnel structure. Four trials were conducted, with two replicate treatment groups per trial, for a total of eight replicate treatment groups in the study Hens (Hy-Line W-36 variety) were obtained from a commercial laying operation for each trial at 23 weeks of age and housed in an adjacent facility until transfer into the test cages; 48 hens were used in each trial, with eight hens per replicate treatment group, for a total of 192 hens in the study Feed and water were provided ad libitum, and the lighting program followed primary breeder (Hy-Line) recommendations. Eggs were collected and group weighed for each treatment group for 28 days, and feed consumption was assessed weekly. Results showed that HDEP for the 1.52 m s(-1) treatment group improved by 3.8% and 3.3% over still air and 0.76 m s(-1), respectively FC was observed to increase with air velocity (p <= 0.05). FD increased with increasing air velocity and was significantly greater (p = 0.0043) for both air velocity treatments compared to still air. Other measures of performance including EW and FCR were not different, suggesting that the improvement in HDEP resulted from increased FC. Increased convective cooling increases productivity of laying hens during hot weather by improving thermal comfort when evaporative cooling is limited by weather or system design. C1 [Purswell, J. L.; Branton, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Luck, B. D.; Davis, J. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Purswell, JL (reprint author), POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM joseph.purswell@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1503 EP 1508 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 288HQ UT WOS:000329603000026 ER PT J AU Ge, LQ Huang, LJ Yang, GQ Song, QS Stanley, D Gurr, GM Wu, JC AF Ge, Lin-Quan Huang, Liu-Juan Yang, Guo-Qin Song, Qi-Sheng Stanley, David Gurr, G. M. Wu, Jin-Cai TI Molecular basis for insecticide-enhanced thermotolerance in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens St(a)over-circlel (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arginine kinase; brown planthopper; heat-shock proteins; insecticides; thermotolerance ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LARVAL THERMOTOLERANCE; ARGININE KINASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; STAL HEMIPTERA; ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; ADULT FEMALES; HSP70; STRESS AB Climate change is likely to have marked ecological effects on terrestrial ecosystems, including the activities of insect pests. Most attention has focused on the increasing geographical ranges of pests; however, if extrinsic factors enhance their thermotolerance, populations may express increased voltinism and longer daily and annual activity periods. These changes in pest populations have the potential for severe consequences, including increased crop losses and decreased food security at the global level. The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is a serious pest of rice crops in temperate and tropical regions of Asia. It is often present in rice microclimates at temperatures close to its maximum thermotolerance. Recent BPH outbreaks in tropical Asia are considered to be associated with excess use of pesticides and increasing temperature. This study tested whether exposure to sublethal concentrations of triazophos (tzp), an insecticide widely used in Asian rice production, enhances thermotolerance of BPH. Tzp exposure (40ppm at 40 degrees C) significantly decreased mortality (from 94% in controls to 50% at 48h post-treatment) and increased lethal mean time (LT50) of adults by 17.2h. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of this tzp-enhanced thermotolerance, we selected Hsp70 and Arginine kinase (Argk) for detailed study. Transcripts encoding both proteins in third-instar nymphs and brachypterous adult females were up-regulated, compared with controls, after exposure to tzp. RNAi silencing of both genes demonstrated that Hsp70 and Argk are essential for survival and tzp-increased thermotolerance. We propose that tzp induces thermotolerance in BPHs by increasing the expression of genes that act in cell protection mechanisms. The significance of our proposal relates to the importance of understanding the influence of sublethal concentrations of insecticides on pest biology. In addition to its influence on thermotolerance, tzp also enhances BPH reproduction. We infer that exposure to a pesticide stressor can produce cross-tolerance, that is, increased tolerance to one stressor also increases tolerance to other stressors, including temperature. Aside from needing a better understanding of these effects in nature and in other pest/cropping systems, we suggest that pest management programmes can be improved with better understanding of the influences of stressors, including increased environmental temperatures and sublethal concentrations of insecticides, on pest biology. C1 [Ge, Lin-Quan; Huang, Liu-Juan; Yang, Guo-Qin; Wu, Jin-Cai] Yangzhou Univ, Sch Plant Protect, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. [Song, Qi-Sheng] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stanley, David] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Gurr, G. M.] Charles Sturt Univ, Graham Ctr Agr Innovat, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia. RP Wu, JC (reprint author), Yangzhou Univ, Sch Plant Protect, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. EM jincaiwu1952@sina.com OI Gurr, Geoff/0000-0001-5008-7966 FU Major State Basic Research Program of China (973 program) [2010CB126200]; Ph.D. Advisor Fund of the Ministry of Education of China [20123250110008] FX This research was supported by the Major State Basic Research Program of China (973 program, Grant No. 2010CB126200) and the Ph.D. Advisor Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (No. 20123250110008). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. All programmes and services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, colour, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status or handicap. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 22 IS 22 BP 5624 EP 5634 DI 10.1111/mec.12502 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 290VO UT WOS:000329786700010 PM 24303791 ER PT J AU Eckert, AJ Bower, AD Jermstad, KD Wegrzyn, JL Knaus, BJ Syring, JV Neale, DB AF Eckert, Andrew J. Bower, Andrew D. Jermstad, Kathleen D. Wegrzyn, Jill L. Knaus, Brian J. Syring, John V. Neale, David B. TI Multilocus analyses reveal little evidence for lineage-wide adaptive evolution within major clades of soft pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive evolution; distribution of deleterious fitness effects; nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution; Pinus; purifying selection; subgenus Strobus ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SITE FREQUENCY-SPECTRUM; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; NONSYNONYMOUS MUTATIONS; DELETERIOUS MUTATIONS; ASSOCIATION GENETICS; PURIFYING SELECTION; PROTEIN EVOLUTION; NATURAL-SELECTION AB Estimates from molecular data for the fraction of new nonsynonymous mutations that are adaptive vary strongly across plant species. Much of this variation is due to differences in life history strategies as they influence the effective population size (N-e). Ample variation for these estimates, however, remains even when comparisons are made across species with similar values of N-e. An open question thus remains as to why the large disparity for estimates of adaptive evolution exists among plant species. Here, we have estimated the distribution of deleterious fitness effects (DFE) and the fraction of adaptive nonsynonymous substitutions () for 11 species of soft pines (subgenus Strobus) using DNA sequence data from 167 orthologous nuclear gene fragments. Most newly arising nonsynonymous mutations were inferred to be so strongly deleterious that they would rarely become fixed. Little evidence for long-term adaptive evolution was detected, as all 11 estimates for were not significantly different from zero. Nucleotide diversity at synonymous sites, moreover, was strongly correlated with attributes of the DFE across species, thus illustrating a strong consistency with the expectations from the Nearly Neutral Theory of molecular evolution. Application of these patterns to genome-wide expectations for these species, however, was difficult as the loci chosen for the analysis were a biased set of conserved loci, which greatly influenced the estimates of the DFE and . This implies that genome-wide parameter estimates will need truly genome-wide data, so that many of the existing patterns documented previously for forest trees (e.g. little evidence for signature of selection) may need revision. C1 [Eckert, Andrew J.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Bower, Andrew D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Jermstad, Kathleen D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Wegrzyn, Jill L.; Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Knaus, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Syring, John V.] Linfield Coll, Dept Biol, Mcminnville, OR 97128 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Eckert, Andrew/E-4788-2011 OI Eckert, Andrew/0000-0002-6522-2646 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-PGRP 0638502] FX Samples were kindly provided by Paul Berrang, Gaetan Doust, Joan Dunlap, Tom Ledig, Aaron Liston, Sierra Curtis-McLean, Donna Palamarek, Ken Roeder, Anna Schoettle, Dale Simpson and Det Vogler. Erik Grimstad and Ismael Grachico contributed many hours of work on determining and confirming gene structure. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (IOS-PGRP 0638502 to D. B. Neale and C. H. Langley). NR 81 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 22 IS 22 BP 5635 EP 5650 DI 10.1111/mec.12514 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 290VO UT WOS:000329786700011 PM 24134614 ER PT J AU Hocking, DJ Babbitt, KJ Yamasaki, M AF Hocking, Daniel J. Babbitt, Kimberly J. Yamasaki, Mariko TI Comparison of silvicultural and natural disturbance effects on terrestrial salamanders in northern hardwood forests SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Forest management; Red-backed salamander; Plethodon cinereus; Disturbance; Ice-storm; Timber harvest ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FORESTS; POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; RED-BACKED SALAMANDER; TIMBER HARVEST; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; CANOPY GAPS; REDBACK SALAMANDERS; FRAGMENTED FORESTS; STREAM SALAMANDERS; WIND DISTURBANCE AB In forested ecosystems timber harvesting has the potential to emulate natural disturbances, thereby maintaining the natural communities adapted to particular disturbances. We compared the effects of even-aged (clearcut and patch cut) and uneven-aged (group cut, single-tree selection) timber management techniques with natural ice-storm damage and unmanipulated reference forest sites on red-backed salamanders. We used cover boards and litter searches to survey for salamanders in northern hardwood forests in New Hampshire, USA. We estimated abundance while accounting for detection probability using the Dail-Madsen open population model. We found significant reduction in salamander abundance in recent group cuts, patch cuts, and clearcuts compared to reference forest sites, and significant but less effect of single-tree selection and ice-storm damage. Our results contribute to the evidence of detrimental effects of even-aged harvests on salamander abundance, but in contrast to most previous research, we also found lower abundance in sites following uneven-aged harvest practices when we accounted for detection probability. To more accurately reflect the total effect of harvests on salamanders, we also employed a parametric, nonlinear hierarchical model to estimate edge effects while accounting for imperfect detection. We found that group cut, patch cut, and clearcut logging reduced salamander abundance 34 m into the surrounding forest. These edge effects can greatly expand the total area affected by logging, especially in the northeastern US where cuts tend to be relatively small. This novel method for estimating edge effects will allow managers to directly calculate the total effects on populations for various size and shape harvesting plans. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hocking, Daniel J.; Babbitt, Kimberly J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Yamasaki, Mariko] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hocking, DJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM dhocking@unh.edu; kbabbitt@unh.edu; myamasaki@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension FX We would like to thank S. Callahan, T. Luther, K. Starke, S. Fay, and the Bartlett Experimental Forest researchers, C. Costello, M. Medeiros, and J. Sweeney, M. Baber, J. Clancy, A. Shutt, E. Baldwin, M. Libby, M. Cole, C. Meaney, G. Barr, H. Givens, M. Tarr, T. Tarr for help on various aspects of this project. We would also like to thank J. Vessey, S. Coster, C. Gabrielsen, R. Stephens, and one anonymous reviewer for providing thoughtful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. The USDA Forest Service and University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension provided funding for this research project. NR 89 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 167 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.08.006 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277FL UT WOS:000328804300022 ER PT J AU Baruch-Mordo, S Evans, JS Severson, JP Naugle, DE Maestas, JD Kiesecker, JM Falkowski, MJ Hagen, CA Reese, KP AF Baruch-Mordo, Sharon Evans, Jeffrey S. Severson, John P. Naugle, David E. Maestas, Jeremy D. Kiesecker, Joseph M. Falkowski, Michael J. Hagen, Christian A. Reese, Kerry P. TI Saving sage-grouse from the trees: A proactive solution to reducing a key threat to a candidate species SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conifer encroachment; Ecological economics; Juniperus occidentalis; Proactive management; Random forest models; Sage-Grouse Initiative; Spatial wavelet analysis ID WESTERN JUNIPER; SAGEBRUSH HABITATS; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; RANDOM FORESTS; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; LEKS; ENCROACHMENT; CONNECTIVITY; VEGETATION AB Conservation investment in management of at-risk species can be less costly than a delay-and-repair approach implemented after species receive legal protection. The United States Endangered Species Act candidate species designation represents an opportunity to implement proactive management to avoid future listing. Such efforts require substantial investments, and the challenge becomes one of optimization of limited conservation funds to maximize return. Focusing on conifer encroachment threats to greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), we demonstrated an approach that links species demographics with attributes of conservation threats to inform targeting of investments. We mapped conifer stand characteristics using spatial wavelet analysis, and modeled lek activity as a function of conifer-related and additional lek site covariates using random forests. We applied modeling results to identify leks of high management potential and to estimate management costs. Results suggest sage-grouse incur population-level impacts at very low levels of encroachment, and leks were less likely to be active where smaller trees were dispersed. We estimated costs of prevention (treating active leks in jeopardy) and restoration (treating inactive leks with recolonization potential) management across the study area (2.5 million ha) at a total of US$17.5 million, which is within the scope of landscape-level conservation already implemented. An annual investment of US$8.75 million can potentially address encroachment issues near all known Oregon leks within the next decade. Investments in proactive conservation with public and private landowners can increase ecosystem health to benefit species conservation and sustainable land uses, replace top-down regulatory approaches, and prevent conservation reliance of at-risk species. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baruch-Mordo, Sharon; Evans, Jeffrey S.; Kiesecker, Joseph M.] Nature Conservancy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Severson, John P.; Reese, Kerry P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Naugle, David E.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Naugle, David E.; Maestas, Jeremy D.] Sage Grouse Initiat, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Maestas, Jeremy D.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Redmond, OR 97756 USA. [Falkowski, Michael J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hagen, Christian A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Baruch-Mordo, S (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM sbaruch-mordo@tnc.org FU Nature Conservancy, Natural Resources Conservation Service - Sage Grouse Initiative; Robertson Foundation; Anne Ray Charitable Trust FX We thank the following for funding support: The Nature Conservancy, Natural Resources Conservation Service - Sage Grouse Initiative, The Robertson Foundation, Anne Ray Charitable Trust. We thank Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife biologists, Prineville District BLM biologists, and volunteers that have spent numerous hours conducting sage-grouse lek counts over the years. NR 71 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 167 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.08.017 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277FL UT WOS:000328804300026 ER PT J AU Vincent, H Wiersema, J Kell, S Fielder, H Dobbie, S Castaneda-Alvarez, NP Guarino, L Eastwood, R Leon, B Maxted, N AF Vincent, Holly Wiersema, John Kell, Shelagh Fielder, Hannah Dobbie, Samantha Castaneda-Alvarez, Nora P. Guarino, Luigi Eastwood, Ruth Leon, Blanca Maxted, Nigel TI A prioritized crop wild relative inventory to help underpin global food security SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Crop wild relative; Gene pool; Food security; Plant conservation; Plant genetic resources ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; GAP ANALYSIS; PRODUCTIVITY; CONSERVATION; DISEASES; WALK; SIDE; L. AB The potentially devastating impacts of climate change on biodiversity and food security, together with the growing world population, means taking action to conserve crop wild relative (CWR) diversity is no longer an option it is an urgent priority. CWR are species closely related to crops, including their progenitors, which have potential to contribute traits for crop improvement. However, their utilisation is hampered by a lack of systematic conservation which in turn is due to a lack of clarity over their identity. We used gene pool and taxon group concepts to estimate CWR relatedness for 173 priority crops to create the Harlan and de Wet inventory of globally important CWR taxa. Further taxa more remotely related to crops were added if they have historically been found to have useful traits for crop improvement. The inventory contains 1667 taxa, divided between 37 families, 108 genera, 1392 species and 299 sub-specific taxa. The region with the highest number of priority CWR is western Asia with 262 taxa, followed by China with 222 and southeastern Europe with 181. Within the primary gene pool, 242 taxa were found to be under-represented in ex situ collections and the countries identified as the highest priority for further germplasm collection are China, Mexico and Brazil. The inventory database is web-enabled (http://www.cwrcliversity.org/checklisti) and can be used to facilitate in situ and ex situ conservation planning at global, regional and national levels. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vincent, Holly; Kell, Shelagh; Fielder, Hannah; Dobbie, Samantha; Castaneda-Alvarez, Nora P.; Maxted, Nigel] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Wiersema, John] BARC West, Agr Res Serv, Natl Genet Resources Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Castaneda-Alvarez, Nora P.] Ctr Int Agr Trop, Recta Cali Palmira, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia. [Guarino, Luigi] Global Crop Div Trust, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. [Eastwood, Ruth] Royal Bot Gardens, Millennium Seed Bank, Ardingly RH17 6TN, England. [Leon, Blanca] Univ Texas Austin, Plant Resources Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Maxted, N (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM nigel.maxted@dial.pipex.com RI Castaneda-Alvarez, Nora/I-8026-2015; OI Castaneda-Alvarez, Nora/0000-0003-1827-4782; Wiersema, John/0000-0001-9383-2807 FU Norwegian Government via the Global Crop Diversity Trust FX The research accomplished in this project was conducted with the financial support of the Norwegian Government via the Global Crop Diversity Trust. NR 58 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 8 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 167 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.08.011 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277FL UT WOS:000328804300030 ER PT J AU Hudson, JR Hanula, JL Horn, S AF Hudson, Jacob R. Hanula, James L. Horn, Scott TI Removing Chinese privet from riparian forests still benefits pollinators five years later SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Invasive plants; Chinese privet; Long term; Pollinators; Bees; Butterflies ID PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE; NESTING RESOURCES; LIGUSTRUM-SINENSE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; VISITING INSECTS; INVASIVE PLANTS; BEE COMMUNITIES; RAIN-FOREST; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION AB Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) is an invasive shrub of the Southeastern U.S. that forms dense stands and limits biodiversity. It was removed from heavily infested riparian forests of the Georgia Piedmont in 2005 by mulching machine or chainsaw felling and subsequent herbicide application. Abundance and species richness of bees and butterflies were sampled using pan traps on removal plots, heavily invaded control plots, and reference plots in 2012, approximately five years after complete removal of privet. Removal plots had nearly three times as many species as control plots and were similar to reference plots in numbers of species. Traps on removal plots captured four times more individuals than those on control plots and similar numbers to reference plots. Bee and butterfly abundance and richness were positively correlated with non-privet plant cover, diversity, and evenness and negatively correlated with privet shrub cover. Removing Chinese privet from riparian forests had a beneficial effect on insect pollinator communities five years after removal and is a relatively simple method of improving pollinator habitat. These findings provide justification for allocating resources for invasive shrub species removal to support long term conservation of these important insect groups and the ecological services they provide. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hudson, Jacob R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hanula, James L.; Horn, Scott] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hudson, JR (reprint author), 972 Philadelphia Rd, Deville, LA 71328 USA. EM jrhudson777@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service; Special Technology Development Program; USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station's research work unit, Insects, Diseases, and Invasive Plants [SRS 4552] FX We thank M. Cody for field assistance, and K. Braman and D. Batzer for providing helpful suggestions on earlier drafts of this paper. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Special Technology Development Program and the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station's research work unit, SRS 4552, Insects, Diseases, and Invasive Plants. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 167 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.09.001 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277FL UT WOS:000328804300041 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Davidson, JW Summerfelt, ST AF Schrader, Kevin K. Davidson, John W. Summerfelt, Steven T. TI Evaluation of the impact of nitrate-nitrogen levels in recirculating aquaculture systems on concentrations of the off-flavor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Actinomycetes; Geosmin; 2-Methylisoborneol; Nitrate; Off-flavor; Rainbow trout ID STREPTOMYCES-HALSTEDII; DEPURATION; QUALITY; BIOMASS; RATES AB Aquatic animals raised in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) can develop preharvest "off-flavors" such as "earthy" or "musty" which are caused by the bioaccumulation of the odorous compounds geosmin or 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), respectively, in their flesh. Tainted aquatic products cause large economic losses to producers due to the inability to market them. Certain species of actinomycetes, a group of filamentous bacteria, have been attributed as the main sources of geosmin and MIB in RAS. Previous studies have demonstrated that certain nutritional factors can stimulate or inhibit bacterial biomass and geosmin production by certain actinomycetes. In the current study, the effects of two nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) levels (20-40 mg/L and 80-100 mg/L) on geosmin and MIB levels in culture water and the flesh of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) raised in RAS were monitored. Water and fish tissue samples were collected over an approximately nine-week period from six RAS, three replicates each of low and high NO3--N, and analyzed for geosmin concentrations using solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results indicated no significant difference in geosmin concentrations in water or fish flesh between the low and high NO3--N RAS. Therefore, higher NO3--N levels that may occur in RAS will not adversely or beneficially impact geosmin-related off-flavor problems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schrader, Kevin K.] USDA, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, University, MS 38677 USA. [Davidson, John W.; Summerfelt, Steven T.] Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kevin.schrader@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 57 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.07.002 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 282CG UT WOS:000329147300016 ER PT J AU Altintas, A Tabanca, N Tyihak, E Ott, PG Moricz, AM Mincsovics, E Wedge, DE AF Altintas, Ayhan Tabanca, Nurhayat Tyihak, Erno Ott, Peter G. Moricz, Agnes M. Mincsovics, Emil Wedge, Davm E. TI Characterization of Volatile Constituents from Origanum onites and Their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ESSENTIAL OILS; EXTRACTION; PLANTS; OPLC; WILD AB Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted HD (MWHD) of Origanum onites aerial parts were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-one constituents representing 98.6% of the water-distilled oil and 52 constituents representing 99.6% of the microwave-distilled oil were identified. Carvacrol (76.8% HD and 79.2% MWHD) and thymol (4.7% HD and 4.4% MWHD) were characterized as major constituents in both essential oils. Separation of carvacrol and thymol was achieved by overpressured layer chromatography. HPTLC and TLC separations were also compared. Essential oils were evaluated for antifungal activity against the strawberry anthracnose-causing fungal plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae, and C. gloeosporioides using a direct overlay bioautography assay. Furthermore, main oil components carvacrol and thymol were then evaluated for antifungal activity; only carvacrol demonstrated nonselective antifungal activity against the three Calletotrichum species. Thymol and carvacrol were subsequently evaluated in a 96-well microdilution broth assay against Phomopsis obscurans, Fusarium oxysporum, three Colletotrichum species, and Botrytis cinerea. No activity was observed against any of the three Colletotrichum species at or below 30 mu M. However, thymol demonstrated antifungal activity and produced 31.7% growth inhibition of P. obscurans at 120 h and 0.3 mu M, whereas carvacrol appeared inactive. Thymol and carvacrol at 30 mu M showed 51.5 and 36.9% growth inhibition of B. cinerea at 72 h. The mechanism of antibacterial activity was studied in a bioautography-based BioArena system. Thymol and carvacrol showed similar inhibition/killing effect against Bacillus subtilis soil bacteria; the action could be enhanced by the formaldehyde generator and transporter copper(II) ions and could be decreased in the presence of L-arginine, a formaldehyde capturer. Results indicated that Origanum essential oils and its major components thymol and carvacrol appear to generate antimicrobial activity through a mechanism of action where formaldehyde and its reaction products are produced. C1 [Altintas, Ayhan] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Altintas, Ayhan; Tabanca, Nurhayat] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tyihak, Erno; Ott, Peter G.; Moricz, Agnes M.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Protect, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Mincsovics, Emil] OPLC NIT Ltd, H-1119 Budapest, Hungary. [Mincsovics, Emil] Corvinus Univ, Fac Hort Sci, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. [Wedge, Davm E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Wedge, DE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dwedge@olemiss.edu OI Ott, Peter/0000-0002-2252-7482 FU OTKA [PD83487, K101271]; Bolyai grant FX We are grateful to Jozsef Farkas (Central Food Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary) for B. subtilis. This work was partially supported by OTKA grants No. PD83487 and K101271, and A.M. Moricz was supported by a Bolyai grant. We also thank J. Linda Robertson and Ramona Pace for assistance in performing antifungal bioassays. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 26 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1200 EP 1208 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.SGEAltintas PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 278YR UT WOS:000328926300005 PM 24645494 ER PT J AU Harnly, J Chen, P Harrington, PD AF Harnly, James Chen, Pei Harrington, Peter de B. TI Probability of Identification: Adulteration of American Ginseng with Asian Ginseng SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION AB The AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods were applied to the detection of Asian Ginseng [Panax ginseng (PG)] as an adulterant for American Ginseng [P. quinquefolius (PQ)] using spectral fingerprints obtained by flow injection mass spectrometry (FIMS). Samples of 100% PQ and 100% PG were physically mixed to provide 90, 80, and 50% PQ. The multivariate FIMS fingerprint data were analyzed using soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) based on 100% PQ. The Q statistic, a measure of the degree of non-fit of the test samples with the calibration model, was used as the analytical parameter. FIMS was able to discriminate between 100% PQ and 100% PG, and between 100% PQ and 90, 80, and 50% PQ. The probability of identification (POI) curve was estimated based on the SD of 90% PQ. A digital model of adulteration, obtained by mathematically summing the experimentally acquired spectra of 100% PQ and 100% PG in the desired ratios, agreed well with the physical data and provided an easy and more accurate method for constructing the POI curve. Two chemometric modeling methods, SIMCA and fuzzy optimal associative memories, and two classification methods, partial least squares-discriminant analysis and fuzzy rule-building expert systems, were applied to the data. The modeling methods correctly identified the adulterated samples; the classification methods did not. C1 [Harnly, James; Chen, Pei] ARS, USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Harrington, Peter de B.] Ohio Univ, Clippinger Labs, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Dept Chem & Biochem, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Harnly, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr,BARC East, Bldg 161, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.harnly@ars.usda.gov OI Harrington, Peter/0000-0003-0268-8630 FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 21 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1258 EP 1265 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.13-290 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 278YR UT WOS:000328926300013 PM 24645502 ER PT J AU Turk, GC Sharpless, KE Cleveland, D Jongsma, C Mackey, EA Marlow, AF Oflaz, R Paul, RL Sieber, JR Thompson, RQ Wood, LJ Yu, LL Zeisler, R Wise, SA Yen, JH Christopher, SJ Day, RD Long, SE Greene, E Harnly, J Ho, IP Betz, JM AF Turk, Gregory C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Cleveland, Danielle Jongsma, Candice Mackey, Elizabeth A. Marlow, Anthony F. Oflaz, Rabia Paul, Rick L. Sieber, John R. Thompson, Robert Q. Wood, Laura J. Yu, Lee L. Zeisler, Rolf Wise, Stephen A. Yen, James H. Christopher, Steven J. Day, Russell D. Long, Stephen E. Greene, Ella Harnly, James Ho, I-Pin Betz, Joseph M. TI Certification of Elements in and Use of Standard Reference Material 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SUPPLEMENT INGREDIENT DATABASE; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; NIH OFFICE; ICP-MS; CADMIUM; VITAMINS; PROGRESS; LEAD AB Standard Reference Material 3280 Multivitamin/ Multielement Tablets was issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in 2009, and has certified and reference mass fraction values for 13 vitamins, 26 elements, and two carotenoids. Elements were measured using two or more analytical methods at NIST with additional data contributed by collaborating laboratories. This reference material is expected to serve a dual purpose: to provide quality assurance in support of a database of dietary supplement products and to provide a means for analysts, dietary supplement manufacturers, and researchers to assess the appropriateness and validity of their analytical methods and the accuracy of their results. C1 [Turk, Gregory C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Cleveland, Danielle; Jongsma, Candice; Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Marlow, Anthony F.; Oflaz, Rabia; Paul, Rick L.; Sieber, John R.; Thompson, Robert Q.; Wood, Laura J.; Yu, Lee L.; Zeisler, Rolf; Wise, Stephen A.; Yen, James H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Christopher, Steven J.; Day, Russell D.; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Greene, Ella; Harnly, James] USDA, Food Composit Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ho, I-Pin] Grocery Manufacturers Assoc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Betz, Joseph M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sharpless, KE (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katherine.sharpless@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015; OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853; Cleveland, Danielle/0000-0003-3880-4584 FU National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements through Interagency [Y1-OD-4147-01] FX We extend our thanks to Brandi S. Benford and Barbara J. Porter, both formerly of NIST, for their contributions to this effort. Partial funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements through Interagency Agreement No. Y1-OD-4147-01. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1281 EP 1287 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.13-135 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 278YR UT WOS:000328926300016 PM 24645505 ER PT J AU Albright, WL Peterson, DL AF Albright, Whitney L. Peterson, David L. TI Tree growth and climate in the Pacific Northwest, North America: a broad-scale analysis of changing growth environments SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Abies lasiocarpa; climate change; energy-limited; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; tree growth; Tsuga mertensiana; water-limited ID FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; SUB-ALPINE FIR; DOUGLAS-FIR; OLYMPIC-MOUNTAINS; RADIAL-GROWTH; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; CASCADE MOUNTAINS; ABIES-LASIOCARPA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FOREST GROWTH AB AimClimate change in the 21st century will affect tree growth in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, although complex climate-growth relationships make it difficult to identify how radial growth will respond across different species distributions. We used a novel method to examine potential growth responses to climate change at a broad geographical scale with a focus on visual inspection of patterns and applications beyond sampled areas. LocationWashington and Oregon, USA. MethodsWe examined projected changes in climate within species distributions of mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in Washington and Oregon based on three different future climate scenarios. By drawing on knowledge from previous climate-growth studies and organizing information into climate space plots, we inferred directional changes in future radial growth. ResultsIncreased moisture stress will reduce growth throughout the distribution of Douglas-fir, but growth may increase at some energy-limited locations. Decreased snowpack will increase growing season length and increase growth of subalpine fir and mountain hemlock at most locations, although growth may decrease at some low-elevation sites. Main conclusionsAn altered Pacific Northwest climate will elicit different growth responses from common conifer species within their current distributions. The methodology developed in this study allowed us to qualitatively extrapolate climate-growth relationships from individual sites to entire species distributions and can identify growth responses where climate-growth data are limited. C1 [Albright, Whitney L.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Albright, WL (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, 1416 9th St, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM Whitney.Albright@wildlife.ca.gov FU US Geological Survey Global Change Research Program; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank Gregory Ettl and Jeremy Littell for their input to this study and for reviewing previous versions of the manuscript. Don McKenzie, David W. Peterson and Nathan Stephenson also provided detailed comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We thank Maureen Kennedy for assistance with statistical analysis, and Robert Norheim for creating the maps. Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey Global Change Research Program and the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. This paper is a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2119 EP 2133 DI 10.1111/jbi.12157 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 279EK UT WOS:000328943000008 ER PT J AU Fang, B Lakshmi, V Bindlish, R Jackson, TJ Cosh, M Basara, J AF Fang, Bin Lakshmi, Venkat Bindlish, Rajat Jackson, Thomas J. Cosh, Michael Basara, Jeffrey TI Passive Microwave Soil Moisture Downscaling Using Vegetation Index and Skin Surface Temperature (vol 12, 0089, 2013) SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Fang, Bin; Lakshmi, Venkat] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Bindlish, Rajat; Jackson, Thomas J.; Cosh, Michael] USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Basara, Jeffrey] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Fang, B (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM bfang@geol.sc.edu RI Basara, Jeffrey/A-4907-2008 OI Basara, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2096-6844 NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 12 IS 4 DI 10.2136/vzj2013.05.0089er PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 274TF UT WOS:000328628400050 ER PT J AU Loving, CL Kehrli, ME Brockmeier, SL Bayles, DO Michael, DD Schlink, SN Lager, KM AF Loving, Crystal L. Kehrli, Marcus E. Brockmeier, Susan L. Bayles, Darrell O. Michael, David D. Schlink, Sarah N. Lager, Kelly M. TI Porcine granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) delivered via replication-defective adenovirus induces a sustained increase in circulating peripheral blood neutrophils SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article DE Neutrophils; G-CSF; Porcine; Neutrophilia; Adenovirus gene delivery; Alternatives to antibiotics ID SINGLE-ADMINISTRATION PEGFILGRASTIM; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; DAILY FILGRASTIM; IN-VIVO; BOVINE; CHEMOTHERAPY; MULTICENTER; INFECTION; LIFETIME; DISEASE AB The use of immunomodulators is a promising area for biotherapeutic, prophylactic, and metaphylactic use to prevent and combat infectious disease. Cytokines, including granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), have been investigated for potential value as biotherapeutic proteins. G-CSF enhances the production and release of neutrophils from bone marrow and is already licensed for use in humans. A limitation of cytokines as immunomodulators is their short half-life which may limit their usefulness as a one-time injectable in production-animal medicine. Here we report that administration of recombinant G-CSF induced a transient neutrophilia in pigs; however, delivery of porcine G-CSF encoded in a replication-defective adenovirus (Ad5) vector significantly increased the neutrophilia pharmacodynamics effect. Pigs given one injection of the Ad5-G-CSF had a neutrophilia that peaked between days 3-11 post-treatment and neutrophil counts remained elevated for more than 2 weeks. Neutrophils from Ad5-G-CSF treated pigs were fully functional based on their ability to release neutrophil extracellular traps and oxidative metabolism after in vitro stimulation. Since acceptable alternatives to the use of antibiotics in food-animal production need to be explored, we provide evidence for G-CSF as a possible candidate for agents in which neutrophils can provide protection. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Alliance for Biological Standardization. C1 [Loving, Crystal L.; Kehrli, Marcus E.; Brockmeier, Susan L.; Michael, David D.; Schlink, Sarah N.; Lager, Kelly M.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Bayles, Darrell O.] ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Loving, CL (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM crystal.loving@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 EI 1095-8320 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD NOV PY 2013 VL 41 IS 6 BP 368 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.07.001 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 274HG UT WOS:000328596800005 PM 23891494 ER PT J AU Chen, CX Gmitter, FG AF Chen, Chunxian Gmitter, Fred G., Jr. TI Mining of haplotype-based expressed sequence tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in citrus SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Haplotype; Heterozygosity; Polymorphism; Transition; Transversion; Insertion/deletion; Non-synonymous; Synonymous ID GENETIC MAPS; SNPS; RESISTANCE; DISCOVERY; MARKERS; SET; SELECTION; SINENSIS; GENOME; APPLE AB Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the most abundant variations in a genome, have been widely used in various studies. Detection and characterization of citrus haplotype-based expressed sequence tag (EST) SNPs will greatly facilitate further utilization of these gene-based resources. Results: In this paper, haplotype-based SNPs were mined out of publicly available citrus expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from different citrus cultivars (genotypes) individually and collectively for comparison. There were a total of 567,297 ESTs belonging to 27 cultivars in varying numbers and consequentially yielding different numbers of haplotype-based quality SNPs. Sweet orange (SO) had the most (213,830) ESTs, generating 11,182 quality SNPs in 3,327 out of 4,228 usable contigs. Summed from all the individually mining results, a total of 25,417 quality SNPs were discovered - 15,010 (59.1%) were transitions (AG and CT), 9,114 (35.9%) were transversions (AC, GT, CG, and AT), and 1,293 (5.0%) were insertion/deletions (indels). A vast majority of SNP-containing contigs consisted of only 2 haplotypes, as expected, but the percentages of 2 haplotype contigs varied widely in these citrus cultivars. BLAST of the 25,417 25-mer SNP oligos to the Clementine reference genome scaffolds revealed 2,947 SNPs had "no hits found", 19,943 had 1 unique hit / alignment, 1,571 had one hit and 2+ alignments per hit, and 956 had 2+ hits and 1+ alignment per hit. Of the total 24,293 scaffold hits, 23,955 (98.6%) were on the main scaffolds 1 to 9, and only 338 were on 87 minor scaffolds. Most alignments had 100% (25/25) or 96% (24/25) nucleotide identities, accounting for 93% of all the alignments. Considering almost all the nucleotide discrepancies in the 24/25 alignments were at the SNP sites, it served well as in silico validation of these SNPs, in addition to and consistent with the rate (81%) validated by sequencing and SNaPshot assay. Conclusions: High-quality EST-SNPs from different citrus genotypes were detected, and compared to estimate the heterozygosity of each genome. All the SNP oligo sequences were aligned with the Clementine citrus genome to determine their distribution and uniqueness and for in silico validation, in addition to SNaPshot and sequencing validation of selected SNPs. C1 [Chen, Chunxian; Gmitter, Fred G., Jr.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Chen, Chunxian] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Chen, CX (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, IFAS, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM chunxian.chen@ars.usda.gov FU Citrus Research and Development Foundation on behalf of the Florida citrus growers [67, 71] FX We thank Dr. Harm Nijveen for contributing his valuable time to fix a bug in one C program in the QualitySNP pipeline and Dr. Frank You to modify some code in the BatchPrimer3 script to meet some primer output requests. The work was partially supported by grants from the Citrus Research and Development Foundation (#67, #71), on behalf of the Florida citrus growers. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 14 AR 746 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-14-746 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 274WF UT WOS:000328636200002 PM 24175923 ER PT J AU Webb, NP Strong, CL Chappell, A Marx, SK McTainsh, GH AF Webb, Nicholas P. Strong, Craig L. Chappell, Adrian Marx, Samuel K. McTainsh, Grant H. TI Soil organic carbon enrichment of dust emissions: magnitude, mechanisms and its implications for the carbon cycle SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; aeolian dust; carbon cycle; soil nutrients; rangelands ID WIND EROSION; DESERT GRASSLAND; AEOLIAN DUST; SAMPLERS; TRANSPORT; AUSTRALIA; SEDIMENT; IMPACT AB Soil erosion is an important component of the global carbon cycle. However, little attention has been given to the role of aeolian processes in influencing soil organic carbon (SOC) flux and the release of greenhouse gasses, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), to the atmosphere. Understanding the magnitude and mechanisms of SOC enrichment in dust emissions is necessary to evaluate the impact of wind erosion on the carbon cycle. This research examines the SOC content and enrichment of dust emissions measured using Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) wind-vane samplers across five land types in the rangelands of western Queensland, Australia. Our results show that sandy soils and finer particulate quartz-rich soils are more efficient at SOC emission and have larger SOC dust enrichment than clay-rich aggregated soils. The SOC enrichment ratios of dusts originating from sites with sand-rich soil ranged from 21-419, while the mean enrichment ratio for dusts originating from the clay soil was 21. We hypothesize that stronger inter-particle bonds and the low grain density of the aggregated clay soil explain its reduced capacity to release SOC during saltation, relative to the particulate sandy soils. We also show that size-selective sorting of SOC during transport may lead to further enrichment of SOC dust emissions. Two dust samples from regional transport events were found to contain 15-20% SOC. These preliminary results provide impetus for additional research into dust SOC enrichment processes to elucidate the impact of wind erosion on SOC flux and reduce uncertainty about the role of soil erosion in the global carbon cycle. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Webb, Nicholas P.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Strong, Craig L.; McTainsh, Grant H.] Griffith Univ, Griffith Sch Environm, Atmospher Environm Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Chappell, Adrian] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Marx, Samuel K.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. RP Webb, NP (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3 JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM nwebb@nmsu.edu RI XIN, Zhongbao/G-5404-2010; Chappell, Adrian/A-7058-2011 OI Chappell, Adrian/0000-0002-0694-7348 FU University of Queensland; Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre FX This research was supported in part by funding through the University of Queensland and the Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre. The authors thank H. McGowan, S. Phinn and J. Leys for their input to the project design and use of equipment, K. Barton for conducting the particle-size analyses and C. Winters for scientific programming. A special thanks to J. and J. Sedgewick, M. and J. Handley, G. Newell, A. Dermer, K. Harland, S. Morrison and S. Abdulla for servicing the field sites and to G. Bastin and S. Wilkinson for comments on an early version of the manuscript. The use of trade names in this paper is for the information and convenience of the reader; such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the authors or their affiliated organizations. Any omissions or error in the manuscript remain the responsibility of the authors. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 38 IS 14 BP 1662 EP 1671 DI 10.1002/esp.3404 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 270PI UT WOS:000328330400004 ER PT J AU Wang, B Zhang, GH Shi, YY Zhang, XC Ren, ZP Zhu, LJ AF Wang, Bing Zhang, Guang-hui Shi, Yang-yang Zhang, X. C. Ren, Zong-ping Zhu, Liang-jun TI Effect of natural restoration time of abandoned farmland on soil detachment by overland flow in the Loess Plateau of China SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; flow detachment; vegetation; restoration age; Loess Plateau ID MODELING WATER EROSION; DIFFERENT LAND USES; CONCENTRATED FLOW; SHALLOW FLOW; PLANT-ROOTS; VEGETATION RESTORATION; PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES; HILLY AREA; ERODIBILITY; RILL AB Vegetation restoration has significant effects on soil properties and vegetation cover and thus affects soil detachment by overland flow. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate this effect in the Loess Plateau where a Great Green Project was implemented in the past decade. This study was carried out to quantify the effects of age of abandoned farmland under natural vegetation restoration on soil detachment by overland flow and soil resistance to erosion as reflected by soil erodibility and critical shear stress. The undisturbed soil samples were collected from five abandoned farmlands with natural restoration age varying from 3 to 37 years. The samples were subjected to flow scouring in a 4.0 m long by 0.35 m wide hydraulic flume under six different shear stresses ranging from 5.60 to 18.15 Pa. The results showed that the measured soil detachment capacities in currently cultivated farmland were 24.1 to 35.4 times greater than those of the abandoned farmlands. For the abandoned farmlands, soil detachment capacities fluctuated greatly due to the complex effects of root density and biological crust thickness, and could be simulated well by flow shear stress and biological crust thickness with a power function (NSE=0.851). Soil erodibility of abandoned farmlands decreased gradually with restoration age and reached a steady stage when restoration age was greater than 28 years. The critical shear stress of the natural abandoned farmlands declined when restoration age was less than 18 years and then increased due to the episodic influences of vegetation recovery and biological crust development. More studies in the Loess Plateau are necessary to quantify the relationship between soil detachment capacity and biological crust thickness for better understanding the mechanism of soil detachment under natural vegetation restoration. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wang, Bing; Zhang, Guang-hui; Shi, Yang-yang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Water & Soil Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wang, Bing; Zhang, Guang-hui; Shi, Yang-yang] Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wang, Bing; Zhang, Guang-hui; Ren, Zong-ping; Zhu, Liang-jun] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Shi, Yang-yang] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X. C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Zhang, GH (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn RI Zhu, Liangjun/M-6729-2015 OI Zhu, Liangjun/0000-0001-6181-4313 FU Hundred Talents Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271287]; Open Fund from State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau [K318009902-1313] FX Financial assistance for this work was provided by the Hundred Talents Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41271287), and the Open Fund from State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (K318009902-1313). The authors thank the members of the Ansai Research Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Recourses for technical assistance. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 38 IS 14 BP 1725 EP 1734 DI 10.1002/esp.3459 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 270PI UT WOS:000328330400009 ER PT J AU Domke, GM Oswalt, CM Woodall, CW Turner, JA AF Domke, Grant M. Oswalt, Christopher M. Woodall, Christopher W. Turner, Jeffery A. TI Estimation of Merchantable Bole Volume and Biomass above Saw log Top in the National Forest Inventory of the United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; small-diameter roundwood; sawtimber; utilization; Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA); biomass; volume ID ENERGY; ROUNDWOOD; REGION AB Emerging markets for small-diameter roundwood along with a renewed interest in forest biomass for energy have created a need for estimates of merchantable biomass above the minimum sawlog top diameter for timber species in the national forest inventory of the United States. The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service recently adopted the component ratio method for estimation of aboveground live tree component biomass, which incorporates regionally specific volume models by species and species group. The merchantable bole component is the biomass of sound wood from a 1.0-ft stump height to a minimum 4.0-in. top diameter. Minimum sawlog top diameters for softwoods and hardwoods in the FIA program are substantially larger than the merchantable bole top diameter, leaving additional bole biomass potentially available for utilization. This article describes a method for estimating merchantable bole biomass for the sawlog component and the component above the minimum sawlog top diameter for timber species in the FIA program. C1 [Domke, Grant M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Oswalt, Christopher M.; Woodall, Christopher W.; Turner, Jeffery A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. RP Domke, GM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. EM gmdomke@fs.fed.us; coswalt@fs.fed.us; cwoodall@fs.fed.us; jturner02@fs.fed.us OI Domke, Grant/0000-0003-0485-0355 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 111 IS 6 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.5849/jof.13-042 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 275ID UT WOS:000328668600003 ER PT J AU Nielsen-Pincus, M Moseley, C Gebert, K AF Nielsen-Pincus, Max Moseley, Cassandra Gebert, Krista TI The Effects of Large Wildfires on Employment and Wage Growth and Volatility in the Western United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE employment; per worker earnings; suppression costs; local economy ID LOCAL-LABOR MARKETS; RODEO-CHEDISKI FIRE; WILDLAND FIRE; MOUNTAIN WEST; COMMUNITIES; VULNERABILITY; HURRICANES; RESIDENTS; LANDS AB We examined the effect of large wildfires on economic growth and volatility in the western United States. We matched wildfire data with quarterly employment and earnings growth data to assess the specific effect of wildfire on employment and wage growth in western US counties. Wildfires generally tended to exhibit positive effects on employment and wage growth in the quarter(s) during which suppression efforts were active. However, this effect transitioned to increased economic volatility following a wildfire. The effect of wildfire also varied by the type of county in which wildfire occurred. The amount of suppression costs invested locally had the strongest influence on employment growth, indicating that there may be room for augmenting how local economies experience wildfire either through the development of community capacity or by addressing barriers to local spending in federal wildfire policy. C1 [Nielsen-Pincus, Max; Moseley, Cassandra] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Gebert, Krista] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Nielsen-Pincus, M (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM maxnp@pdx.edu; cmoseley@uoregon.edu; kgebert@fs.fed.us FU US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Interior Joint Fire Sciences Program [11242309-069] FX We thank L. Leete, E.J. Davis, C.E. Evers, L. Podowski, and B. Rishel at the University of Oregon and P.J. fakes at the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station for their useful comments and technical assistance. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Interior Joint Fire Sciences Program, grant number 11242309-069. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor whose comments and insights greatly improved the original manuscript. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 111 IS 6 BP 404 EP 411 DI 10.5849/jof.13-012 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 275ID UT WOS:000328668600006 ER PT J AU Seekamp, E Barrow, LA Cerveny, LK AF Seekamp, Erin Barrow, Lori A. Cerveny, Lee K. TI The Growing Phenomenon of Partnerships: A Survey of Personnel Perceptions SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE partnership capacity; institutional support; public participation AB Partnerships have a long history in federal land management, particularly related to trail maintenance and habitat management; however, increasingly constrained appropriations and greater public demand have elevated the agency's use of partnerships from an alternative management strategy to a critical component of task accomplishment. Despite the growing reliance on partnerships to meet management goals, few systematic partnership studies exist. This paper presents survey data collected from agency personnel on 13 national forests identified using stratified random sampling. Results from 611 respondents (40% response rate) illustrate that agency leaders strongly encourage partnerships and partnership reliance has substantially increased over the past 5 years. While partnerships are widely encouraged, few incentives or rewards for employees' partnership work were reported. The study has implications for future partnership development and draws attention to both the need for finding an appropriate balance of partner reliance and the importance of internal support and recognition. C1 [Seekamp, Erin] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Pk Recreat & Tourism Management, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cerveny, Lee K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Seekamp, E (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Pk Recreat & Tourism Management, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM erin_seekamp@ncsu.edu; lori@southatlanticlcc.org; lcerveny@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Research and Development (R&D) Division (Pacific Northwest Research Station) FX The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. We are also grateful for the support of the participating national forests and the time personnel spent responding to our lengthy questionnaire. This study was funded by the USDA Forest Service Research and Development (R&D) Division (Pacific Northwest Research Station). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 111 IS 6 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.5849/jof.13-046 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 275ID UT WOS:000328668600007 ER PT J AU Xu, JY Finkenstadt, VL AF Xu, Jingyuan Finkenstadt, Victoria L. TI Rheological properties of reactive extrusion modified waxy starch and waxy starch-polyacrylamide copolymer gels SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE Graft copolymer; Polyacrylamide; Reactive extrusion; Starch; Viscoelastic properties ID GRAFT-COPOLYMERS; CARBOPOL GELS; CORN; BEHAVIOR; SHEAR AB The rheological properties of modified waxy starch and waxy starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymers prepared by reactive extrusion were investigated. Both materials can absorb huge amount of water and form gels. The modified waxy starch and waxy starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymer gels all exhibited viscoelastic solid properties. The waxy starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymer gels with the concentration 10% showed weaker viscoelastic behaviors than those of the same concentrations of modified waxy starch gels. However, at concentration 11.25%, the waxy starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymer gels displayed much stronger viscoelastic properties than those of the same concentrations of modified waxy starch gels. The analysis of modulus and concentration dependence and stress relaxation measurements indicated that both modified waxy starch and waxy starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymer gels were physical gels meaning the cross-linkers between the molecules were physical junctions. The nonlinear steady shearing rheological properties studies indicated that both modified waxy starch and waxy starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymer gels exhibited shear thinning behavior, which can be well fitted with the power law constitutive equation. The function and behavior of the modified waxy starch and waxy starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymer gels suggest that these starch-based biomaterials should be potential candidates for applications in cosmetic gels, wound skin care materials, and agricultural products. C1 [Xu, Jingyuan; Finkenstadt, Victoria L.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr & Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Xu, JY (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr & Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 North Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM james.xu@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX This work was financially supported by US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 EI 1521-379X J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD NOV PY 2013 VL 65 IS 11-12 BP 984 EP 990 DI 10.1002/star.201200199 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 262KT UT WOS:000327734700012 ER PT J AU Stanker, LH Scotcher, MC Cheng, L Ching, K McGarvey, J Hodge, D Hnasko, R AF Stanker, Larry H. Scotcher, Miles C. Cheng, Luisa Ching, Kathryn McGarvey, Jeffery Hodge, David Hnasko, Robert TI A Monoclonal Antibody Based Capture ELISA for Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype B: Toxin Detection in Food SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE monoclonal antibodies; botulinum neurotoxin serotype B; capture ELISA; toxin detection in food ID OUTBREAK; TETANUS AB Botulism is a serious foodborne neuroparalytic disease, caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Seven toxin serotypes (A - H) have been described. The majority of human cases of botulism are caused by serotypes A and B followed by E and F. We report here a group of serotype B specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of binding toxin under physiological conditions. Thus, they serve as capture antibodies for a sandwich (capture) ELISA. The antibodies were generated using recombinant peptide fragments corresponding to the receptor-binding domain of the toxin heavy chain as immunogen. Their binding properties suggest that they bind a complex epitope with dissociation constants (KD's) for individual antibodies ranging from 10 to 48 x 10(-11) M. Assay performance for all possible combinations of capture-detector antibody pairs was evaluated and the antibody pair resulting in the lowest level of detection (L.O.D.), 20 pg/mL was determined. Toxin was detected in spiked dairy samples with good recoveries at concentrations as low as 0.5 pg/mL and in ground beef samples at levels as low as 2 ng/g. Thus, the sandwich ELISA described here uses mAb for both the capture and detector antibodies (binding different epitopes on the toxin molecule) and readily detects toxin in those food samples tested. C1 [Stanker, Larry H.; Scotcher, Miles C.; Cheng, Luisa; Ching, Kathryn; McGarvey, Jeffery; Hnasko, Robert] ARS, Foodborne Toxin Detect & Prevent Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94510 USA. [Scotcher, Miles C.] DuPont Ind Biosci, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Hodge, David] US Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC 20528 USA. RP Stanker, LH (reprint author), ARS, Foodborne Toxin Detect & Prevent Unit, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94510 USA. EM larry.stanker@ars.usda.gov; Miles.Scotcher@dupont.com; luisa.cheng@ars.usda.gov; kathryn.ching@ars.usda.gov; jeffery.mcgarvey@ars.usda.gov; David.Hodge@HQ.DHS.GOV; robert.hnasko@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service; CRIS project [5325-42000-048-00D]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security IAA [40768] FX We gratefully thank Thomas Henderson for assistance with recombinant peptide expression and purification and Paul Merrill for antibody purification and biotin conjugation. We acknowledge funding by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, CRIS project 5325-42000-048-00D, and U.S. Department of Homeland Security IAA #40768. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 21 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD NOV PY 2013 VL 5 IS 11 BP 2212 EP 2226 DI 10.3390/toxins5112212 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 274TK UT WOS:000328628900015 PM 24253240 ER PT J AU Gariglio, FP Tonina, D Luce, CH AF Gariglio, Frank P. Tonina, Daniele Luce, Charles H. TI Spatiotemporal variability of hyporheic exchange through a pool-riffle-pool sequence SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TIME-SERIES; SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; REDD SITE SELECTION; FALL CHINOOK SALMON; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SPAWNING HABITAT; LOSING STREAM; FLUID-FLOW; RIVER AB Stream water enters and exits the streambed sediment due to hyporheic fluxes, which stem primarily from the interaction between surface water hydraulics and streambed morphology. These fluxes sustain a rich ecotone, whose habitat quality depends on their direction and magnitude. The spatiotemporal variability of hyporheic fluxes is not well understood over several temporal scales and consequently, we studied their spatial and temporal variation over a pool-riffle-pool sequence at multiple locations from winter to summer. We instrumented a pool-riffle-pool sequence of Bear Valley Creek, an important salmonid spawning gravel-bed stream in central Idaho, with temperature monitoring probes recording at high temporal resolution (12 minute intervals). Using the thermal time series, weekly winter season seepage fluxes were calculated with a steady-state analytical solution and spring-summer fluxes with a new analytical solution that can also quantify the streambed thermal properties. Longitudinal pool-riffle-pool conceptualizations of downwelling and upwelling behavior were generally observed, except during the winter season when seepage fluxes tended toward downwelling conditions. Seepage fluxes near the edges of the channel were typically greater than fluxes near the center of the channel, and demonstrated greater seasonal variability. Results show that the interaction between streamflow and streambed topography has a primary control near the center of the channel, whereas the interaction between stream water and groundwater table has a primary control on seepage fluxes near the banks of the stream. C1 [Gariglio, Frank P.; Tonina, Daniele] Univ Idaho, Coll Engn, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Luce, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. RP Gariglio, FP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Engn, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, 322 E Front St,Suite 340, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM gari8094@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013 FU US Forest Service Department of Agriculture [RJVA 10-JV-11221634-247] FX We thank Carolyn Bohn for assistance installing the wells and Jim McKean for providing materials and time for the initial measurements and background information for the interesting Bear Valley Creek experimental reach. This manuscript was greatly improved by the thorough examination and thoughtful comments from three anonymous reviewers. Partial funding was provided for Frank Gariglio by the US Forest Service Department of Agriculture, RJVA 10-JV-11221634-247. NR 76 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 49 IS 11 BP 7185 EP 7204 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20419 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 275NJ UT WOS:000328683800002 ER PT J AU Bunte, K Abt, SR Swingle, KW Cenderelli, DA Schneider, JM AF Bunte, Kristin Abt, Steven R. Swingle, Kurt W. Cenderelli, Dan A. Schneider, Johannes M. TI Critical Shields values in coarse-bedded steep streams SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE gravel bed load transport; mountain streams; particle mobility; critical shields values; flow competence; relative bed mobility ID CRITICAL SHEAR-STRESS; GRAVEL-BED; SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; LOAD TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC ROUGHNESS; OBSERVER VARIATION; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE TEXTURES AB Critical Shields values (tau*(c)) suitable for specific applications are back-calculated from representative bed load samples in mountain streams and a flow competence/critical flow approach. The general increase of tau*(c50) (for the bed D-50 size) as well as tau*(c16) and tau*(c84) (for the bed D-16 and D-84 sizes) with stream gradient S-x and also the stratification of tau*(c50) by relative flow depth and relative roughness are confirmed. Critical Shields values tau*(c16) are shown to exceed tau*(c50) by about threefold, while those for tau*(c84) are nearly half of tau*(c50). However, it remains unclear to what extent physical processes or numerical artifacts contribute to determining critical Shields values. Critical bankfull Shields values (tau*(cbf)) back-computed from the average largest particles mobile at bankfull flow D-Bmax,D-bf approach tau*(c16) at steep gradients and tau*(c84) at low gradients and therefore increase very steeply with S-x. The relation tau*(cbf) = f(S-x) is stratified by bed stability (D-50/D-Bmax,D-bf) and predictable if bed stability can be field categorized. Noncritical Shields values (tau*(bf50)) computed from bankfull flow depth and the D-50 size differ from tau*(c50) and tau*(cbf). Only in bankfull mobile streams where D-50/D-Bmax = 1 can tau*(cbf), tau*(c50), and tau*(bf50) be used interchangeably. In highly mobile streams, substituting tau*(cbf) by tau*(bf50) overpredicts the D-Bmax,D-bf size by up to fivefold and underpredicts D-Bmax,D-bf by the same amount in highly stable streams. A value of 0.03 is appropriate for tau*(cbf) only on low stability beds with S-x congruent to 0.01, but overpredicts D-Bmax,D-bf by 30-fold on highly stable beds with S-x congruent to 0.1. Differences in field and computational methods also affect critical Shields values. C1 [Bunte, Kristin; Abt, Steven R.] Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cenderelli, Dan A.] US Forest Serv, Stream Syst Technol Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Schneider, Johannes M.] WSL, Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Birmensdorf, The Canton Of Z, Switzerland. RP Bunte, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr, 1320 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kbunte@engr.colostate.edu RI Schneider, Johannes/A-7197-2016 OI Schneider, Johannes/0000-0003-2442-7159 FU United States Forest Service Stream Systems Technology Center FX We dedicate this paper to John Potyondy (ret., USFS) who initiated the study. We appreciate John's foresight and longterm support of this work. We are grateful to Dieter Rickenmann and Jens Turowski (Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape, WSL) for giving us access to their gravel bed load data obtained from moving baskets at the Erlenbach. Field data from the studies by Milhous [1973], Whitaker [1997], Hassan and Church [2001], and Schmid [2011] were likewise very useful. Discussions with Tom Lisle, John Buffington, and Peter Wilcock provided food for thought that went into this study. Comments from Mike Church, Alain Recking, Dieter Rickenmann, Rob Ferguson, and an anonymous reviewer helped to improve the manuscript. This study as well as the collection of detailed bed load data over many years was funded by the United States Forest Service Stream Systems Technology Center. NR 115 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 49 IS 11 BP 7427 EP 7447 DI 10.1002/2012WR012672 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 275NJ UT WOS:000328683800019 ER PT J AU Baffaut, C Ghidey, F Sudduth, KA Lerch, RN Sadler, EJ AF Baffaut, Claire Ghidey, Fessehaie Sudduth, Kenneth A. Lerch, Robert N. Sadler, E. John TI Long-term suspended sediment transport in the Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed and Salt River Basin, Missouri, USA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rivers; geomorphology; surface transport ID MANAGEMENT AB Since 1992, efforts have been conducted in Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed to assess suspended sediment transport from this 73 km(2) watershed located in the Salt River Basin, Missouri, USA. This effort was complemented by assessment of field-scale sediment loss and of suspended sediment transport at 12 watersheds in the Salt River Basin. The database includes 10 to 20 years of data from 3 fields ranging from 7 to 35 ha, and 5 to 20 years of data from 15 stream sites ranging from 10 to 6200 km(2). Sampling techniques, analytical methods, site locations, and equipment infrastructure are described in this paper. C1 [Baffaut, Claire; Ghidey, Fessehaie; Sudduth, Kenneth A.; Lerch, Robert N.; Sadler, E. John] ARS, USDA, CSWQRU, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Baffaut, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CSWQRU, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Claire.Baffaut@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 49 IS 11 BP 7827 EP 7830 AR 7827-7830 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20511 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 275NJ UT WOS:000328683800049 ER PT J AU Ryan, MG AF Ryan, Michael G. TI Three decades of research at Flakaliden advancing whole-tree physiology, forest ecosystem and global change research SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE autotrophic respiration; delta C-13; elevated [CO2]; long-term research; Norway spruce; photosynthetic recovery; Picea abies; soil respiration; soil warming; temperature; tree nutrition; whole-tree chamber; wood formation ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; BOREAL NORWAY SPRUCE; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; LONG-TERM RESPONSE; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; WATER AVAILABILITY; SOIL RESPIRATION; SCOTS PINE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AB Nutrient supply often limits growth in forest ecosystems and may limit the response of growth to an increase in other resources, or to more favorable environmental factors such as temperature and soil water. To explore the consequences and mechanisms of optimum nutrient supply for forest growth, the Flakaliden research site was established in 1986 on a young Norway spruce site with nutrient-poor soil. This special section on research at Flakaliden presents five papers that explore different facets of nutrition, atmospheric CO2 concentration, [CO2], and increased temperature treatments, using the original experiment as a base. Research at Flakaliden shows the dominant role of nutrition in controlling the response of growth to the increased photosynthesis promoted by elevated [CO2] and temperature. Experiments with whole-tree chambers showed that all treatments (air temperature warming, elevated [CO2] and optimum nutrition) increased shoot photosynthesis by 30-50%, but growth only increased with [CO2] when combined with the optimum nutrition treatment. Elevated [CO2] and temperature increased shoot photosynthesis by increasing the slope between light-saturated photosynthesis and foliar nitrogen by 122%, the initial slope of the light response curve by 52% and apparent quantum yield by 10%. Optimum nutrition also decreased photosynthetic capacity by 17%, but increased it by 62% in elevated [CO2], as estimated from wood delta C-13. Elevated air temperature advanced spring recovery of photosynthesis by 37%, but spring frost events remained the controlling factor for photosynthetic recovery, and elevated [CO2] did not affect this. Increased nutrient availability increased wood growth primarily through a 50% increase in tracheid formation, mostly during the peak growth season. Other notable contributions of research at Flakaliden include exploring the role of optimal nutrition in large-scale field trials with foliar analysis, using an ecosystem approach for multifactor experiments, development of whole-tree chambers allowing inexpensive environmental manipulations, long-term deployment of shoot chambers for continuous measurements of gas exchange and exploring the ecosystem response to soil and aboveground tree warming. The enduring legacy of Flakaliden will be the rich data set of long-term, multifactor experiments that has been and will continue to be used in many modeling and cross-site comparison studies. C1 [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mike.ryan@colostate.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 103 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1123 EP 1131 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpt100 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 271EP UT WOS:000328374500001 PM 24300337 ER PT J AU Halman, JM Schaberg, PG Hawley, GJ Pardo, LH Fahey, TJ AF Halman, Joshua M. Schaberg, Paul G. Hawley, Gary J. Pardo, Linda H. Fahey, Timothy J. TI Calcium and aluminum impacts on sugar maple physiology in a northern hardwood forest SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid deposition; antioxidant activity; carbon partitioning; cations; frost injury; Hubbard Brook; membrane integrity; reproductive capacity ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; SPRUCE PICEA-RUBENS; HUBBARD-BROOK; ACER-SACCHARUM; RED SPRUCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SOLUTION CULTURE; TREE SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; HEALTH AB Forests of northeastern North America have been exposed to anthropogenic acidic inputs for decades, resulting in altered cation relations and disruptions to associated physiological processes in multiple tree species, including sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). In the current study, the impacts of calcium (Ca) and aluminum (Al) additions on mature sugar maple physiology were evaluated at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (Thornton, NH, USA) to assess remediation (Ca addition) or exacerbation (Al addition) of current acidified conditions. Fine root cation concentrations and membrane integrity, carbon (C) allocation, foliar cation concentrations and antioxidant activity, foliar response to a spring freezing event and reproductive ability (flowering, seed quantity, filled seed and seed germination) were evaluated for dominant sugar maple trees in a replicated plot study. Root damage and foliar antioxidant activity were highest in Al-treated trees, while growth-associated C, foliar re-flush following a spring frost and reproductive ability were highest in Ca-treated trees. In general, we found that trees on Ca-treated plots preferentially used C resources for growth and reproductive processes, whereas Al-treated trees devoted C to defense-based processes. Similarities between Al-treated and control trees were observed for foliar cation concentrations, C partitioning and seed production, suggesting that sugar maples growing in native forests may be more stressed than previously perceived. Our experiment suggests that disruption of the balance of Ca and Al in sugar maples by acid deposition continues to be an important driver of tree health. C1 [Halman, Joshua M.; Hawley, Gary J.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Schaberg, Paul G.; Pardo, Linda H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Fahey, Timothy J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Halman, JM (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM Joshua.Halman@uvm.edu FU Forest Service Northern Research Station; USDA CSREES McIntire-Stennis Forest Research Program; Northeastern States Research Cooperative FX This research was supported by funds provided by the Forest Service Northern Research Station, USDA CSREES McIntire-Stennis Forest Research Program, and the Northeastern States Research Cooperative. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1242 EP 1251 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpt099 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 271EP UT WOS:000328374500010 PM 24300338 ER PT J AU Madeira, PT Center, TD Coetzee, JA Pemberton, RW Purcell, MF Hill, MP AF Madeira, Paul T. Center, Ted D. Coetzee, Julie A. Pemberton, Robert W. Purcell, Matthew F. Hill, Martin P. TI Identity and origins of introduced and native Azolla species in Florida SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Azolla; Biocontrol; Exotic; Invasive; Listed Federal Noxious Weed; Molecular taxonomy; Morphology ID 3 NONCODING REGIONS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; STENOPELMUS-RUFINASUS; SOUTH-AFRICA; HOST-RANGE; FILICULOIDES; GENUS; PLANT; DNA AB Azolla pinnata, an introduced aquatic fern, is spreading rapidly causing concern that it may displace native Azolla. It is now present in the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, the northernmost portion of the Florida Everglades. Because A. pinnata subspecies are native to Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia, determining the actual geographic origin of the Florida exotic is important to the discovery of efficacious biological control agents. Both the exotic and native Azollas were examined using morphological and molecular criteria. Both criteria distinguished three A. pinnata subspecies with the Florida exotic matching the Australian A. pinnata subsp. pinnata. Molecular divergence between the A. pinnata subspecies indicates the three types should be considered separate species. The Florida native was characterized by both molecular and morphological methods as Azolla caroliniana. The discovery of a previously uncharacterized Ecuadorian Azolla, which appears to be a paternal ancestor of A. caroliniana, indicates that A. caroliniana is a hybrid species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Madeira, Paul T.; Center, Ted D.; Pemberton, Robert W.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Coetzee, Julie A.; Hill, Martin P.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Purcell, Matthew F.] ARS, USDA, Matthew Purcell CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Australian Biol Control Lab, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. RP Madeira, PT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM paul.madeira@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 EI 1879-1522 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 111 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.07.009 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 267LS UT WOS:000328099800003 ER PT J AU Lintz, HE Gray, AN McCune, B AF Lintz, Heather E. Gray, Andrew N. McCune, Bruce TI Effect of inventory method on niche models: Random versus systematic error SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Niche model; Forest Inventory; Sample design; Uncertainty; Non-parametric Multiplicative Regression ID NONPARAMETRIC FUNCTION ESTIMATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; ENVELOPE MODELS; UNITED-STATES; SAMPLE-SIZE; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSERVATION AB Data from large-scale biological inventories are essential for understanding and managing Earth's ecosystems. The Forest Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA) of the U.S. Forest Service is the largest biological inventory in North America: however, the RA inventory recently changed from an amalgam of different approaches to a nationally-standardized approach in 2000. Full use of both data sets is clearly warranted to target many pressing research questions including those related to climate change and forest resources. However, full use requires lumping FIA data from different regionally-based designs (pre-2000) and/or lumping the data across the temporal changeover. Combining data from different inventory,types must be approached with caution as inventory types represent different probabilities of detecting trees per sample unit, which can ultimately confound temporal and spatial patterns found in the data. Consequently, the main goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of inventory on a common analysis in ecology, modeling of climatic niches (or species-climate relations). We use non-parametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) to build and compare niche models for 41 tree species from the old and new FIA design in the Pacific coastal United States. We discover two likely effects of inventory on niche models and their predictions. First, there is an increase from 4 to 6% in random error for modeled predictions from the different inventories when compared to modeled predictions from two samples of the same inventory. Second, systematic error (or directional disagreement among modeled predictions) is detectable for 4 out of 41 species among the different inventories: Calocedrus decurrens, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Pinus ponderosa, and Abies concolor. Hence, at least 90% of niche models and predictions of probability of occurrence demonstrate no obvious effect from the change in inventory design. Further, niche models built from sub-samples of the same data set can yield systematic error that rivals systematic error in predictions for models built from two separate data sets. This work corroborates the pervasive and pressing need to quantify different types of error in niche modeling to address issues associated with data quality and large-scale data integration. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lintz, Heather E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Oregon Climate Change Res Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gray, Andrew N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [McCune, Bruce] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lintz, HE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Oregon Climate Change Res Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hlintz@coas.oregonstate.edu FU USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program FX This research was supported in part by funds provided by the USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 18 BP 20 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.001 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 264XP UT WOS:000327914600003 ER PT J AU Long, A Fehringer, TR Swain, MA LaFrentz, BR Call, DR Cain, KD AF Long, Amy Fehringer, Tyson R. Swain, Marissa A. LaFrentz, Benjamin R. Call, Douglas R. Cain, Kenneth D. TI Enhanced efficacy of an attenuated Flavobacterium psychrophilum strain cultured under iron-limited conditions SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium psychrophilum; Iron-limited medium; Live-attenuated vaccine; Live-attenuated F. psychrophilum; Vaccine efficacy ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; MOLECULAR-MASS FRACTIONS; IN-VIVO GROWTH; RAINBOW-TROUT; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; PASTEURELLA-PISCICIDA; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; VACCINE CANDIDATES; COLDWATER DISEASE AB An attenuated strain of Flavobacterium psychrophilum (CSF259-93B.17) has shown potential as a vaccine for prevention of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Because BCWD outbreaks can result in high mortality in other salmonid species, specifically coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), the live-attenuated strain was tested as a vaccine in this species. Additionally, we hypothesized that culture of the vaccine strain under iron-limited conditions would lead to improved protection against BCWD. To test this hypothesis, coho salmon were either injection or immersion immunized with CSF259-93B.17 cultured in iron-replete or iron-limited medium. Resultant antibody titers were low and not significantly different between the two treatments regardless of vaccine delivery method (P>0.05). Following injection challenge with a virulent F. psychrophilum strain, mortality for injection vaccinated fish was significantly reduced compared to the control but did not differ by treatment (P>0.05). Relative percent survival (RPS) was high in both treatments (90% in iron-replete, 98% in iron-limited medium). Fish immunized by immersion with CSF259-93B.17 grown in iron-replete medium exhibited lower mortality (29.3%; RPS 46%) when compared to mock immunized fish, but this was not significant. However, mortality was significantly lower in fish immunized with CSF259-93B.17 grown in iron-limited medium (14.7%; RPS 73%) when compared to mock immunized fish. The results demonstrate that the live-attenuated E psychrophilum strain can confer protection to coho salmon and vaccine efficacy is enhanced by culturing the strain under iron-limited conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Long, Amy; Fehringer, Tyson R.; Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Long, Amy; Fehringer, Tyson R.; Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Swain, Marissa A.] Eckerd Coll, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. [LaFrentz, Benjamin R.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Call, Douglas R.] Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Cain, KD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Nash Hall Room 220, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM long8524@vandals.uidaho.edu; tfehringer@vandals.uidaho.edu; maswain@eckerd.edu; benjamin.lafrentz@ars.usda.gov; drcall@vetmed.wsu.edu; kcain@uidaho.edu FU National Science Foundation Center for Research on Invasive Species & Small Populations Research Experience for Undergraduates; U.S. Department of Agriculture [715623, 603298, 464697, 688010]; University of Idaho; Washington State University Aquaculture Initiative; Washington State Agricultural Research Center FX This work was supported by in part by the National Science Foundation Center for Research on Invasive Species & Small Populations Research Experience for Undergraduates (M.S.), the U.S. Department of Agriculture through a grant to the Western Regional Aquaculture Center (grant nos. 715623, 603298, 464697, and 688010), the University of Idaho and Washington State University Aquaculture Initiative, and the Washington State Agricultural Research Center. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1477 EP 1482 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.009 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 266ER UT WOS:000328006700015 PM 23989039 ER PT J AU Mu, XJ Pridgeon, JW Klesius, PH AF Mu, Xingjiang Pridgeon, Julia W. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Comparative transcriptional analysis reveals distinct expression patterns of channel catfish genes after the first infection and re-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ictalurus punctatus; Aeromonas hydrophila; Transcription; Innate immunity; Adaptive immunity ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; ANTERIOR KIDNEY; MULTIPLE GENES; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; COMMON CARP; MACROPHAGES AB To determine whether transcriptional levels of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) genes are differentially regulated between a first infection with Aeromonas hydrophila and a re-infection, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed in this study using anterior kidney cDNA after the reinfection as tester. Of the 96 clones isolated from the SSH library, 28 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained, of which eight were confirmed to be slightly but significantly (P < 0.05) more upregulated by the re-infection at 6 h post infection (hpi). Expression kinetics studies at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hpi revealed that the eight ESTs were significantly (P = 0.016) more up-regulated by the first infection, with a major peak at 3 hpi. A total of 96 genes reported in literature to be up-regulated by bacterial infections were selected and subjected to expression analysis at 3 hpi. Of the 96 selected genes, 19 were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) induced by A. hydrophila after the first infection and the re-infection. The 19 genes belonged to the following five main categories: 1) toll-like receptor (TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR21); 2) antimicrobial peptide (NK-lysin type 1, NK-lysin type 2, NK-lysin type 3, cathepsin D, transferrin, hepcidin); 3) cytokine or chemokine (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor a, chemokine CXCL-10); 4) signaling proteins (cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 1, very large inducible GTPase 1, arginine deiminase type 2, lymphokine-activated killer T-cell originated protein kinase); 5) lysozyme (lysozyme c). Overall, the total 27 genes (8 ESTs plus the 19 selected genes) were significantly (P < 0.001) more induced by the first infection. Peaked expression of lysozyme c and serum lysozyme activity after the first infection were seen at 24 hpi, whereas that after the re-infection were seen at 12 hpi, suggesting that both innate and adaptive immunity were involved in the defense against the re-infection of A. hydrophila. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mu, Xingjiang; Pridgeon, Julia W.; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-ODD] FX We thank Drs. Dunhua Zhang (USDA-ARS) and Mediha Aksoy (Tuskegee University) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Beth Peterman (USDA-ARS) for her excellent technical support. We thank Dr. Brian Scheffler and Fanny Liu (USDA-ARS-Catfish Genetics Research Unit) for their excellent sequencing work. We thank Beth Peterman (USDA-ARS) for her excellent technical support. We also thank the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care and management of the fish. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-024-ODD. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1566 EP 1576 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.027 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 266ER UT WOS:000328006700024 PM 24036330 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M Ohno, T He, ZQ AF Uchimiya, Minori Ohno, Tsutomu He, Zhongqi TI Pyrolysis temperature-dependent release of dissolved organic carbon from plant, manure, and biorefinery wastes SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Charcoal; Volatile matter; Biomass; Thermochemical conversion; Bioenergy ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARALLEL FACTOR-ANALYSIS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; BLACK CARBON; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; CHICKEN MANURE; FOREST SOIL; FULVIC-ACID AB Limited information is available to understand the chemical structure of biochar's labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fraction that will alter soil organic carbon (SOC) composition. This study utilized the high sensitivity of fluorescence excitation-emission (EEM) spectrophotometry to understand the structural changes in biochar-derived DOC as a function of (1) chemical property of feedstock and (2) pyrolysis temperature (350-800 degrees C). Regardless of feedstock (almond shell, broiler litter, lignin, cottonseed hull, and pecan shell), low temperature (350-400 degrees C) pyrolysis shifted EEM of hot water (80 degrees C for 16h) extracts toward longer emission wavelengths, higher aromaticity regions. Five component parallel factor (PARAFAC) modeling of EEM afforded: (Cl) (poly)phenolic pyrolysis products and other water-soluble aromatic structures similar to fulvic-like SOC; (C2-C3) aromatic structures similar to humic-like SOC having low water solubility that decomposed above 350 degrees C; (C4) carboxyl and other transient thermochemical conversion intermediates that decomposed above 500 degrees C; and (C5) thermally stable DOC fraction of lignin-rich biomass (pecan shell and lignin). Relative contribution of fulvic-like component exceeded that of humic-like components, and increased as a function of pyrolysis temperature. The C4 showed disproportionately high contributions to 500 degrees C broiler litter and cottonseed hull biochars. The carboxyl-enriched DOC of biochars pyrolyzed at 350-500 degrees C can have diverse environmental consequences, including the mobilization of heavy metals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Uchimiya, Minori; He, Zhongqi] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Ohno, Tsutomu] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Uchimiya, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sophie.uchimiya@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 66 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 EI 1873-250X J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD NOV PY 2013 VL 104 BP 84 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2013.09.003 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 264TQ UT WOS:000327904300011 ER PT J AU Zhao, W Hu, HX Zsak, L Yu, QZ Yang, ZQ AF Zhao, Wei Hu, Haixia Zsak, Laszlo Yu, Qingzhong Yang, Zengqi TI Application of the ligation-independent cloning (LIC) method for rapid construction of a minigenome rescue system for Newcastle disease virus VG/GA strain SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Ligation-independent cloning (LIC); NDV VG/GA strain; Minigenome rescue; Green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression ID HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT-DNA; INTERGENIC REGIONS; LETHAL CHALLENGE; AVIAN INFLUENZA; RNA-POLYMERASE; VACCINE; FUSION; REPLICATION; EXPRESSION AB Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can cause serious diseases and substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. To gain a better understanding of NDV pathogenesis, several reverse genetics systems for different NDV strains have been established. However, the construction of infectious cDNA clone by conventional restriction digestion/ligation cloning methods is a time-consuming process and has many drawbacks by its nature. To address the problems, we employed a novel and robust ligation-independent cloning (LIC) method for efficient assembly of multiple DNA fragments. Using this method, we successfully generated a NDV minigenome construct within three weeks by assembling RT-PCR products of the VG/GA strain genomic termini and a cDNA coding for the green fluorescence protein (GFP), as a reporter, into a modified pBluescript vector. Co-transfection of the NDV minigenome with three supporting plasmids expressing the N, P, and L proteins into MVA-T7 infected HEp-2 cells and followed by infection with NDV VG/GA resulted in the minigenome replication, transcription, and packaging as evidenced by the reporter gene GFP expression. These results suggest that this LIC approach is a powerful tool for all sequence-independent DNA cloning and multi-DNA fragment assembly, which has a potential application for rapid development of gene therapy and recombinant vaccines. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Wei; Yang, Zengqi] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Vet Med, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Wei; Hu, Haixia; Zsak, Laszlo; Yu, Qingzhong] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Hu, Haixia] Southwest Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China. RP Yu, QZ (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Qingzhong.Yu@ARS.USDA.GOV FU China Scholarship Council; USDA, ARS CRIS Project [6612-32000-067-00D] FX The authors wish to thank Xiuqin Xia and Fenglan Li for excellent technical assistance, and the SEPRL sequencing facility personnel for nucleotide sequencing. W. Zhao and H. Hu were sponsored by a scholarship from China Scholarship Council. This research was supported by USDA, ARS CRIS Project 6612-32000-067-00D. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X EI 1095-9890 J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD NOV PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2013.07.005 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 268MS UT WOS:000328175600003 PM 23928042 ER PT J AU Scudiero, E Teatini, P Corwin, DL Deiana, R Berti, A Morari, F AF Scudiero, Elia Teatini, Pietro Corwin, Dennis L. Deiana, Rita Berti, Antonio Morari, Francesco TI Delineation of site-specific management units in a saline region at the Venice Lagoon margin, Italy, using soil reflectance and apparent electrical conductivity SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Site-specific management; Spatial variability; Fuzzy clustering; Soil apparent electrical conductivity; Bare-soil NDVI; Soil salinity ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; LINEAR-REGRESSION; YIELD MAPS; ZONES; CARBON; SPECTROSCOPY; PREDICTION; COLOR; CLASSIFICATION AB Site-specific crop management utilizes site-specific management units (SSMUs) to apply inputs when, where, and in the amount needed to increase food productivity, optimize resource utilization, increase profitability, and reduce detrimental environmental impacts. It is the objective of this study to demonstrate the delineation of SSMUs using geospatial apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and bare-soil reflectance measurements. The study site was a 21-ha field at the southern margin of the Venice Lagoon, Italy, which is known to have considerable spatial variability of soil properties influencing crop yield. Maize (Zea mais L.) yield maps from 2010 and 2011 showed high spatial heterogeneity primarily due to variation in soil-related factors. Approximately 53% of the spatial variation in maize yield was successfully modeled according to the variability of four soil properties: salinity, texture, organic carbon content, and bulk density. The spatial variability of these soil properties was characterized by the combined use of intensive geospatial ECa measurements and bare-soil normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) survey data. On the basis of the relationships with these soil properties, ECa and NDVI were used to divide the field into five SSMUs using fuzzy c-means clustering: one homogeneous with optimal maize yield, one unit affected by high soil salinity, one characterized by very coarse texture (i.e., sandy paleochannels), and two zones with both soil salinity and high organic carbon content. Yield monitoring maps provide valuable spatial information, but do not provide reasons for the variation in yield. However, even in cases where measurements like ECa and bare-soil NDVI are not directly correlated to maize yield, their combined use can help classify the soil according to its fertility. The identification of areas where soil properties are fairly homogeneous can help managing diverse soil-related issues optimizing resource use, lowering costs, and increasing soil quality. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scudiero, Elia; Berti, Antonio; Morari, Francesco] Univ Padua, Dept Agron Food Nat Resources Anim & Environm DAF, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Teatini, Pietro] Univ Padua, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn ICEA, I-35121 Padua, Italy. [Corwin, Dennis L.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Deiana, Rita] Univ Padua, Dept Cultural Heritage Archaeol Hist Art Cinema &, I-35139 Padua, Italy. RP Scudiero, E (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Agron Food Nat Resources Anim & Environm DAF, Viale Univ 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. EM scudiero@dmsa.unipd.it RI Scudiero, Elia/K-3580-2013; OI DEIANA, RITA/0000-0002-3736-9181; Scudiero, Elia/0000-0003-4944-721X; Teatini, Pietro/0000-0001-9525-4561 FU Research Programme "GEO-RISKS: Geological, Morphological and Hydrological Processes: Monitoring, Modeling and Impact in the North-Eastern Italy", WP4, the University of Padua, Italy FX This study was funded within the Research Programme "GEO-RISKS: Geological, Morphological and Hydrological Processes: Monitoring, Modeling and Impact in the North-Eastern Italy", WP4, the University of Padua, Italy. The authors acknowledge the outstanding work of Dr. Gianluca Simonetti and Davide Piragnolo, who helped in the laboratory analyses. NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 99 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2013.08.023 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 264ZO UT WOS:000327919700007 ER PT J AU Mauget, S Leiker, G Nair, S AF Mauget, Steven Leiker, Gary Nair, Shyam TI A web application for cotton irrigation management on the US Southern High Plains. Part I: Crop yield modeling and profit analysis SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Irrigation; Decision support tools; Profit estimation; Ogallala aquifer AB Irrigated cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) production is a central part of west Texas agriculture that depends on the essentially non-renewable water resource of the Ogallala aquifer. Web-based decision support tools that estimate the profit effects of irrigation for cotton under varying lint price, production cost, and well capacity conditions could help to optimize the agricultural value of the Ogallala's water. The crop modeling and profit analysis component of such a support tool is demonstrated here. This web application is based on a database of modeled yields generated from the meteorological records of four weather stations under un-irrigated (dryland) conditions and under center pivot irrigation with 12 total irrigation (TI) levels spanning deficit to full irrigation conditions. The application converts the database's dryland and irrigated yield outcomes into corresponding values of profit per hectare based on user-defined yield values and production costs. Given the resulting values of dryland and irrigated profit per unit area and the additional constraints of a user's well capacity and center pivot area, the application also calculates the profit effects of dividing center pivot area into dryland and irrigated production under the 12 irrigation levels. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mauget, Steven; Leiker, Gary] ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Nair, Shyam] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Mauget, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM Steven.Mauget@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 99 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2013.10.003 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 264ZO UT WOS:000327919700030 ER PT J AU Mauget, S Leiker, G Nair, S AF Mauget, Steven Leiker, Gary Nair, Shyam TI A web application for cotton irrigation management on the US Southern High Plains. Part II: Application design SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Irrigation; Decision support tools; Profit estimation; Ogallala Aquifer AB A web-based application to help Southern High Plains cotton producers estimate profitability under center pivot irrigated production is described. The application's crop modeling and general profit calculation approach are outlined in a preceding companion paper, while additional details of the profit model and the application's operational features and GUI design are presented here. In addition, the assumptions and approximations made in the application's crop modeling and profit calculation are summarized, and directions are provided for accessing the application on the Ogallala Aquifer Project web page. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mauget, Steven; Leiker, Gary] ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Nair, Shyam] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Mauget, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM Steven.Mauget@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 99 BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2013.08.019 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 264ZO UT WOS:000327919700031 ER PT J AU Dou, QW Wang, RRC Lei, YT Yu, F Li, Y Wang, HQ Chen, ZG AF Dou, Quanwen Wang, Richard R. -C. Lei, Yuting Yu, Feng Li, Yuan Wang, Haiqing Chen, Zhiguo TI Genome analysis of seven species of Kengyilia (Triticeae: Poaceae) with FISH and GISH SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE species of Kengyilia; molecular karyotype; karyotype evolution ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMOSOMES; WHEAT; DNA; TRANSLOCATIONS; SEQUENCES; RYE AB The genome compositions and genetic relationships of seven species of Kengyilia were assessed using a sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique. Five species, K. kokonorica, K. rigidula, K. hirsuta, K. grandiglumis, and K. thoroldiana, are native to Qinghai (China). The other two, K. alatavica and K. batalinii, are distributed in Xinjiang (China) and Kyrgyzstan, respectively. Each chromosome could be easily identified using chromosome markers (45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, pAs1, and AAG repeats) by FISH and allocated to the St, P, or Y genome by GISH. Molecular karyotype comparison indicated that K. alatavica and K. batalinii were distinct from the Qinghai species in all three genomes. These results support that the species of Kengyilia from Central Asia and the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau have independent origins. Genomic differentiation was still detected among the species of Kengyilia from Qinghai. Specifically, a common species-specific pericentric inversion was identified in both K. grandiglumis and K. thoroldiana, and an identical St-P non-Robertsonian translocation was frequently detected in K. hirsuta. The Qinghai species formed three genetic groups, K. kokonorica-K. rigidula, K. hirsuta, and K. grandiglumis-K. thoroldiana. The possible role of species-specific inversions and translocations in the evolution of StPY species is discussed. C1 [Dou, Quanwen; Lei, Yuting; Yu, Feng; Li, Yuan; Wang, Haiqing; Chen, Zhiguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Plateau Inst Biol, Key Lab Adaptat & Evolut Plateau Biota, Xining 810008, Peoples R China. [Wang, Richard R. -C.] Utah State Univ, ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Dou, QW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Plateau Inst Biol, Key Lab Adaptat & Evolut Plateau Biota, Xining 810008, Peoples R China. EM douqw@nwipb.cas.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31072075]; Joint Scholars project of The Dawn of West China Talent Training Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 31072075) and the Joint Scholars project of The Dawn of West China Talent Training Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 EI 1480-3321 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD NOV PY 2013 VL 56 IS 11 BP 641 EP 649 DI 10.1139/gen-2013-0113 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 265IM UT WOS:000327944400001 PM 24299103 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Acharya, A Burrell, AM Klein, RR Klein, PE Hasenstein, KH AF Wang, Yi-Hong Acharya, Aniruddha Burrell, A. Millie Klein, Robert R. Klein, Patricia E. Hasenstein, Karl H. TI Mapping and candidate genes associated with saccharification yield in sorghum SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE sorghum; saccharification yield; single nucleotide polymorphism; association mapping; mini core collection ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; CELL-WALL COMPOSITION; MINI CORE COLLECTION; BROWN-MIDRIB MUTANTS; BICOLOR L. MOENCH; CELLULOSIC ETHANOL; FERMENTABLE SUGAR; ENZYMATIC DIGESTIBILITY; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; FORAGE SORGHUM AB Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a high-yielding, stress tolerant energy crop for lignocellulosic-based biofuel production. Saccharification is a process by which hydrolytic enzymes break down lignocellulosic materials to fermentable sugars for biofuel production, and mapping and identifying genes underlying saccharification yield is an important first step to genetically improve the plant for higher biofuel productivity. In this study, we used the ICRISAT sorghum mini core germplasm collection and 14 739 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to map saccharification yield. Seven marker loci were associated with saccharification yield and five of these loci were syntenic with regions in the maize genome that contain quantitative trait loci underlying saccharification yield and cell wall component traits. Candidate genes from the seven loci were identified but must be validated, with the most promising candidates being beta-tubulin, which determines the orientation of cellulose microfibrils in plant secondary cell walls, and NST1, a master transcription factor controlling secondary cell wall biosynthesis in fibers. Other candidate genes underlying the different saccharification loci included genes that play a role in vascular development and suberin deposition in plants. The identified loci and candidate genes provide information into the factors controlling saccharification yield and may facilitate increasing biofuel production in sorghum. C1 [Wang, Yi-Hong; Acharya, Aniruddha; Hasenstein, Karl H.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Burrell, A. Millie; Klein, Patricia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Burrell, A. Millie; Klein, Patricia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Klein, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Wang, YH (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM yxw9887@louisiana.edu RI Burrell, Millie/L-9684-2014 OI Burrell, Millie/0000-0002-8761-0279 FU LA EPSCoR [298]; University of Louisiana at Lafayette FX We thank S. Mopper and A. Daugereaux for access to University of Louisiana at Lafayette's Ecology Center facilities. We acknowledge the reviewers for suggestions to improve the manuscript. The study is supported in part by LA EPSCoR (LEQSF-EPS(2012)-PFUND-298) and the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 EI 1480-3321 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD NOV PY 2013 VL 56 IS 11 BP 659 EP 665 DI 10.1139/gen-2013-0134 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 265IM UT WOS:000327944400003 PM 24299105 ER PT J AU Rudeen, ML Jaronski, ST Petzold-Maxwell, JL Gassmann, AJ AF Rudeen, Melissa L. Jaronski, Stefan T. Petzold-Maxwell, Jennifer L. Gassmann, Aaron J. TI Entomopathogenic fungi in cornfields and their potential to manage larval western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioassays; Cornfield; Beauveria bassiana; Galleria mellonella; Metarhizium; Tenebrio molitor ID INSECT PATHOGENIC FUNGI; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; NEMATODES; ECOLOGY; SOILS AB Entomopathogenic ascomycete fungi are ubiquitous in soil and on phylloplanes, and are important natural enemies of many soil-borne arthropods including larval western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, which is a major pest of corn. We measured the prevalence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato in ten cornfields in Iowa, USA by baiting with larval insects. B. bassiana and M. anisopliae s.l. were present in 60% +/- 6.3% and 55% +/- 6.4% of soil samples, respectively. Subsequent laboratory bioassays found that some M. anisopliae s.l. strains collected from cornfields killed a greater proportion of D.v. virgifera larvae than a standard commercial strain. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rudeen, Melissa L.; Petzold-Maxwell, Jennifer L.; Gassmann, Aaron J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jaronski, Stefan T.] ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Rudeen, ML (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Ecol Evolut & Behav Dept, 1987 Upper Buford Circle,100 Ecol Bldg, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ryne0008@umn.edu; stefan.jaronski@ars.usda.-gov; jennifer.maxwell@wartburg.edu; aaronj-g@iastate.edu FU DuPont-Pioneer FX We thank Ximena Cibils, Mike Dunbar, Bob Gunnarson, Amanda Hoffmann, Ryan Keweshan and Jim Robbins. Funding was provided by DuPont-Pioneer. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 114 IS 3 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2013.09.009 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 263QZ UT WOS:000327824400020 PM 24120889 ER PT J AU Hajek, AE Longcore, JE Simmons, DR Peters, K Humber, RA AF Hajek, Ann E. Longcore, Joyce E. Simmons, D. Rabern Peters, Kenlyn Humber, Richard A. TI Chytrid mycoparasitism of entomophthoralean azygospores SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Azygospores; Chytridiomycota; Gypsy moth; Entomophaga maimaiga; Gaerntneriomyces semiglobifer; Biological control ID PATHOGEN ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA; SPIZELLOMYCETALES; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; DNA AB Mycoparasitism - when one fungus parasitizes another - has been reported to affect Beauveria bassiana and mycorrhizal fungi in the field. However, mycoparasitism of any fungi in the Order Entomophthorales has never been reported before now. The majority of entomophthoralean species persist as resting spores (either zygospores or azygospores) in the environment and dormant entomophthoralean resting spores (whether formed as zygospores or azygospores) are thought to be especially well adapted for survival over long periods due to their thick double walls. Entomophthoralean resting spores can accumulate in the soil as large reservoirs of inoculum which can facilitate the onset and development of epizootics. We report parasitism of azygospores of the gypsy moth pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga caged in soil from southern Ohio by the chytrid fungus Gaertneriomyces semiglobifer. G. semiglobifer had previously been isolated from soil samples from North America, Europe and Australia or horse manure from Virginia. After isolation and identification of G. semiglobifer, azygospores of E. maimaiga exposed to zoospores of G. semiglobifer exhibited high levels of mycoparasitism and G. semiglobifer was subsequently reisolated from mycoparasitized resting spores. We discuss the importance of this finding to the epizootiology of insect diseases caused by entomophthoralean fungi. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hajek, Ann E.; Peters, Kenlyn] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Longcore, Joyce E.; Simmons, D. Rabern] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Humber, Richard A.] ARS, USDA, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM aeh4@cornell.edu FU USDA; CSREES NRI [2006-1774]; Hatch [2010-11-283] FX We thank Keith Ciccaglione, Ruth Plymale, and Jessica Greenberg for assistance with collecting soil and conducting the initial bioassays and Brad Regester, Pennsylvania DCNR, Bureau of Forestry, for suggesting locations where late instar gypsy moth larvae killed by E. maimaiga could be collected. This work was supported with funding from USDA, CSREES NRI 2006-1774 and Hatch 2010-11-283. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 114 IS 3 BP 333 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2013.10.002 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 263QZ UT WOS:000327824400021 PM 24140499 ER PT J AU Maier, S Sidelnikov, E Dawson-Hughes, B Egli, A Theiler, R Platz, A Staehelin, HB Simmen, HP Meier, C Dick, W Grob, D von Eckardstein, A Bischoff-Ferrari, HA AF Maier, S. Sidelnikov, E. Dawson-Hughes, B. Egli, A. Theiler, R. Platz, A. Staehelin, H. B. Simmen, H-P. Meier, C. Dick, W. Grob, D. von Eckardstein, A. Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A. TI Before and after hip fracture, vitamin D deficiency may not be treated sufficiently SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Clinical care; Cohort study; Elderly; Hip fracture; Vitamin D deficiency ID FEMORAL-NECK FRACTURES; RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIALS; MINI-MENTAL STATE; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; SEASONAL-VARIATION; NURSING-HOME; OSTEOMALACIA; PREVENTION; WOMEN; RISK AB Our findings show that only about 20 % of seniors receive vitamin D supplementation prior to their index hip fracture or after the event. We further confirm the high prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency in this population and show that those who receive supplementation have significantly higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status. The aim of this study is to assess current practice in pre- and post-hip fracture care practice with respect to vitamin D supplementation. We surveyed 1,090 acute hip fracture patients age 65 and older admitted to acute care for hip fracture repair; 844 had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels measured upon admission to acute care, and 362 agreed to be followed at 12 month after their hip fracture. Prevalence of vitamin D supplementation was assessed upon admission to acute care (at the time of hip fracture), upon discharge from acute care, and at 6 and 12 months follow-up. Of 1,090 acute hip fracture patients (mean age 85 years, 78 % women, 59 % community-dwelling), 19 % had received any dose of vitamin D prior to the index hip fracture, 27 % (of 854 assessed) at discharge from acute care, 22 % (of 321 assessed) at 6 month, and 21 % (of 285 assessed) at 12 month after their hip fracture. At the time of fracture, 45 % had 25(OH)D levels below 10 ng/ml, 81 % had levels below 20 ng/ml, and 96 % had levels below 30 ng/ml. Notably, 25(OH)D levels did not differ by season or gender but were significantly higher among 164 hip fracture patients, with any vitamin D supplementation compared with 680 without supplementation (19.9 versus 10.8 ng/ml; p < 0.0001). Only about 20 % of seniors receive vitamin D at the time of their fracture and after the event. This is despite the documented 81 % prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Interdisciplinary efforts may be warranted to improve vitamin D supplementation in seniors both before a hip fracture occurs and after. C1 [Maier, S.; Sidelnikov, E.; Egli, A.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Maier, S.; Sidelnikov, E.; Egli, A.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Waid City Hosp, Dept Geriatr & Aging Res, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Maier, S.] Cantonal Hosp St Gallen, Dept Orthoped Surg, St Gallen, Switzerland. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Theiler, R.] City Hosp Triemli, Dept Rheumatol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Platz, A.] City Hosp Triemli, Dept Traumatol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Staehelin, H. B.] Univ Basel, Dept Geriatr, Basel, Switzerland. [Simmen, H-P.] Univ Hosp, Dept Traumatol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Meier, C.] City Hosp Waid, Dept Traumatol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Dick, W.] Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. [Grob, D.] City Hosp Waid, Dept Geriatr, Zurich, Switzerland. [von Eckardstein, A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Clin Chem, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM Heike.Bischoff@usz.ch NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X EI 1433-2965 J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2765 EP 2773 DI 10.1007/s00198-013-2400-z PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 264KW UT WOS:000327877100004 PM 23716038 ER PT J AU Scott, JG Leichter, CA Rinkevihc, FD Harris, SA Su, C Aberegg, LC Moon, R Geden, CJ Gerry, AC Taylor, DB Byford, RL Watson, W Johnson, G Boxler, D Zurek, L AF Scott, Jeffrey G. Leichter, Cheryl A. Rinkevihc, Frank D. Harris, Sarah A. Su, Cathy Aberegg, Lauren C. Moon, Roger Geden, Christopher J. Gerry, Alec C. Taylor, David B. Byford, Ronnie L. Watson, Wes Johnson, Gregory Boxler, David Zurek, Ludek TI Insecticide resistance in house flies from the United States: Resistance levels and frequency of pyrethroid resistance alleles SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Organophosphate; Carbamate; Musca domestica; Neonicotinoid; kdr-type resistance; CYP6D1 ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA L.; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; PERMETHRIN RESISTANCE; FIELD POPULATIONS; FLY DIPTERA; NEW-YORK; MUSCIDAE; KDR; CYTOCHROME-P450; CYP6D1 AB Although insecticide resistance is a widespread problem for most insect pests, frequently the assessment of resistance occurs over a limited geographic range. Herein, we report the first widespread survey of insecticide resistance in the USA ever undertaken for the house fly, Musca domestica, a major pest in animal production facilities. The levels of resistance to six different insecticides were determined (using discriminating concentration bioassays) in 10 collections of house flies from dairies in nine different states. In addition, the frequencies of Vssc and CYP6D1 alleles that confer resistance to pyrethroid insecticides were determined for each fly population. Levels of resistance to the six insecticides varied among states and insecticides. Resistance to permethrin was highest overall and most consistent across the states. Resistance to methomyl was relatively consistent, with 65-91% survival in nine of the ten collections. In contrast, resistance to cyfluthrin and pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide varied considerably (2.9-76% survival). Resistance to imidacloprid was overall modest and showed no signs of increasing relative to collections made in 2004, despite increasing use of this insecticide. The frequency of Vssc alleles that confer pyrethroid resistance was variable between locations. The highest frequencies of kdr, kdr-his and super-kdr were found in Minnesota, North Carolina and Kansas, respectively. In contrast, the New Mexico population had the highest frequency (0.67) of the susceptible allele. The implications of these results to resistance management and to the understanding of the evolution of insecticide resistance are discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Scott, Jeffrey G.; Leichter, Cheryl A.; Rinkevihc, Frank D.; Harris, Sarah A.; Su, Cathy; Aberegg, Lauren C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Geden, Christopher J.] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Gerry, Alec C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Taylor, David B.] ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Byford, Ronnie L.] NMSU, Ctr Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Watson, Wes] NCSU, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Moon, Roger] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Johnson, Gregory] Montana State Univ, Dept A & RS, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Boxler, David] UNL, West Cent Res & Extens Ctr, North Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Zurek, Ludek] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Scott, JG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM JGS5@CORNELL.EDU RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 FU [S-1030]; [S-1060] FX This research was supported by multistate Projects S-1030 and S-1060. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 EI 1095-9939 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 107 IS 3 BP 377 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.10.006 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 265AR UT WOS:000327922600012 PM 24267700 ER PT J AU Buhnerkempe, MG Grear, DA Portacci, K Miller, RS Lombard, JE Webb, CT AF Buhnerkempe, Michael G. Grear, Daniel A. Portacci, Katie Miller, Ryan S. Lombard, Jason E. Webb, Colleen T. TI A national-scale picture of US cattle movements obtained from Interstate Certificate of Veterinary Inspection data SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Cattle transport; US cattle industry; Network; Interstate Certificate of Veterinary; Inspection; ICVI; Livestock health ID MOUTH-DISEASE; NETWORK ANALYSIS; GREAT-BRITAIN; LIVESTOCK MOVEMENTS; ANIMAL MOVEMENTS; TRADE PATTERNS; SPREAD; SHEEP; DYNAMICS; MARKETS AB We present the first comprehensive description of how shipments of cattle connect the geographic extent and production diversity of the United States cattle industry. We built a network of cattle movement from a state-stratified 10% systematic sample of calendar year 2009 Interstate Certificates of Veterinary Inspection (ICVI) data. ICVIs are required to certify the apparent health of cattle moving across state borders and allow us to examine cattle movements at the county scale. The majority of the ICVI sample consisted of small shipments (<20 head) moved for feeding and beef production. Geographically, the central plains states had the most connections, correlated to feeding infrastructure. The entire nation was closely connected when interstate movements were summarized at the state level. At the county-level, the U.S. is still well connected geographically, but significant heterogeneities in the location and identity of counties central to the network emerge. Overall, the network of interstate movements is described by a hub structure, with a few counties sending or receiving extremely large numbers of shipments and many counties sending and receiving few shipments. The county-level network also has a very low proportion of reciprocal movements, indicating that high-order network properties may be better at describing a county's importance than simple summaries of the number of shipments or animals sent and received. We suggest that summarizing cattle movements at the state level homogenizes the network and a county level approach is most appropriate for examining processes influenced by cattle shipments, such as economic analyses and disease outbreaks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Buhnerkempe, Michael G.; Grear, Daniel A.; Webb, Colleen T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Portacci, Katie; Miller, Ryan S.; Lombard, Jason E.] USDA APHIS Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Portacci, Katie; Miller, Ryan S.; Lombard, Jason E.] USDA APHIS Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Grear, DA (reprint author), 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Daniel.A.Grear@aphis.usda.gov OI Miller, Ryan/0000-0003-3892-0251; Grear, Daniel/0000-0002-5478-1549 FU Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) Program, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; Foreign Animal Disease Modeling Program, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security [ST-108-000017]; USDA [11-9208-0269-CA 11-1, 09-9208-0235-CA] FX Funding provided by the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) Program, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; Foreign Animal Disease Modeling Program, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security (Grant ST-108-000017); and USDA Cooperative Agreement 11-9208-0269-CA 11-1 and 09-9208-0235-CA. Data was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services; however the analyses, views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the regulatory opinions, official policies, either expressed or implied, of the USDA-APHIS-Veterinary Services or the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. We also acknowledge the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis for supporting and hosting the Modeling Bovine Tuberculosis working group, where the initial ideas for collecting and using ICVI data were developed. We also thank to the state veterinarians and staff, whose cooperation and effort made the data collection possible. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 EI 1873-1716 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 112 IS 3-4 BP 318 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.08.002 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 255GT UT WOS:000327228100016 PM 24035137 ER PT J AU Bhattarai, B Fosgate, GT Osterstock, JB Fossler, CP Park, SC Roussel, AJ AF Bhattarai, Bikash Fosgate, Geoffrey T. Osterstock, Jason B. Fossler, Charles P. Park, Seong C. Roussel, Allen J. TI Perceptions of veterinarians in bovine practice and producers with beef cow-calf operations enrolled in the US Voluntary Bovine Johne's Disease Control Program concerning economic losses associated with Johne's disease SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Johne's disease; Beef cattle; Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis; Economics ID MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; ESTIMATED PREVALENCE; DAIRY HERDS; 2 MINNESOTA; CATTLE; FARMS AB This study compares the perceptions of producers and veterinarians on the economic impacts of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in cow-calf herds. Questionnaires were mailed to beef producers through the Designated Johne's Coordinators and to veterinarians belonging to a nationwide professional organization. Important components of losses associated with MAP infected cows were used to estimate total loss per infected cow-year using an iterative approach based on collected survey data. Veterinarians were more likely to perceive a lower calving percentage in MAP infected cows compared to producers (P=0.02). Income lost due to the presence of Johne's disease (JD) in an infected cattle herd was perceived to be higher by veterinarians (P<0.01). Compared to veterinarians without JD certification, seedstock producers were more likely to perceive genetic losses due to culling cows positive for MAP (P<0.01). There were mixed opinions regarding the magnitude of lowered weaning weight in calves from infected cows and perceived differences in risk of other diseases or conditions in infected cows. An annual loss of $235 (95% CR: $89-$457) for each infected animal was estimated based on information from the producer survey. The analogous estimate using information inputs from veterinarians was $250 ($82-$486). Mean annual loss due to JD in a 100 cow herd with a 7% true prevalence was $1644 ($625-$3250) based on information provided by producers. Similarly, mean annual loss based on information collected from veterinarians was $1747 ($575-$3375). (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhattarai, Bikash] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fosgate, Geoffrey T.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Prod Anim Studies, Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Osterstock, Jason B.] Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA. [Fossler, Charles P.] USDA APHIS VS CEAH, Natl Anim Hlth Monitoring Syst, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Park, Seong C.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. [Roussel, Allen J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bhattarai, B (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bbhattarai@cvm.tamu.edu FU Program for the Study of Johne's Disease in Texas; USDA-APHIS-VS FX Funding for this study was provided by the Program for the Study of Johne's Disease in Texas and by a cooperative agreement with USDA-APHIS-VS. We would like to thank Dr. Lisa Benjamin for her valuable feedback on the questionnaires, and state DJCs of FL, GA, IA, MO, ND, SC, SD, WI, and WV for their help to administer producer questionnaires. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 EI 1873-1716 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 112 IS 3-4 BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.08.009 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 255GT UT WOS:000327228100017 PM 24034813 ER PT J AU Alvarado-Esquivel, C Silva-Aguilar, D Villena, I Dubey, JP AF Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme Silva-Aguilar, Dante Villena, Isabelle Dubey, Jitender P. TI Seroprevalence and correlates of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic sheep in Michoacan State, Mexico SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma; Sheep; Seroprevalence; Mexico ID RISK-FACTORS; ANTIBODIES AB Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep is of public health and economic importance. Seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and correlates were determined in 405 sheep from 7 farms in 4 geographical regions in Michoacan State, Mexico using the modified agglutination test (MAT). General sheep and environmental characteristics were obtained by a questionnaire. All sheep were raised in semi-extensive conditions in temperate climate. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 121 (29.9%) of the 405 sheep with MAT titers of 1:25 in 46, 1:50 in 20, 1:100 in 7, 1:200 in 5, 1:400 in 7,1:800 in 11, 1:1600 in 5, and 1:3200 or higher in 20. Seropositivity did not vary significantly with age, sex or breed. In contrast, seroprevalence varied among farms, geographic region, municipality, altitude, mean annual temperature, and mean annual rainfall. The median seroprevalence in farms was 32.6% (range 7.1-71.4%). Sheep raised in farms at >= 1900 m above sea level had a higher seroprevalence (44.1%) than those in farms at lower sea level (16.3%). Sheep raised in municipalities with <= 17.7 degrees C mean annual temperature had a higher seroprevalence (37.2%) than those in municipalities with higher mean annual temperature (14.1%). Sheep raised in a municipality with 600 mm of mean annual rainfall had a higher seroprevalence (71.4%) than municipalities with higher mean annual rainfall (29.1%). This is the first report on the seroprevalence and correlates of T. gondii infection in sheep in Michoacan State, Mexico. The role of environmental characteristics for T. gondii infection in sheep deserves further research. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme] Juarez Univ Durango State, Fac Med & Nutr, Biomed Res Lab, Durango 34000, Mexico. [Silva-Aguilar, Dante] Lab Anim Pathol Morelia, Morelia 58240, Michoacan, Mexico. [Villena, Isabelle] Hosp Maison Blanche, Natl Reference Ctr Toxoplasmosis, Biol Resources Ctr Toxoplasma, Lab Parasitol Mycol, F-51092 Reims, France. [Dubey, Jitender P.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alvaradocosme@yahoo.com; jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 EI 1873-1716 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 112 IS 3-4 BP 433 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.08.013 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 255GT UT WOS:000327228100028 PM 24063950 ER PT J AU Perry, GA Cushman, R AF Perry, George A. Cushman, Robert TI Effect of Age at Puberty/Conception Date on Cow Longevity SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Longevity; Heifers; Conception date; Puberty ID REPLACEMENT BEEF HEIFERS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; SUBSEQUENT REPRODUCTION; POSTPARTUM-ANESTRUS; PUBERTY; CATTLE; WEIGHT; FEMALES; GROWTH; NUTRITION AB Age at puberty is a critical trait, because pregnancy success during the breeding season is correlated with the percentage of heifers that reach puberty before or early in the breeding season. A negative genetic correlation between age at puberty and heifer pregnancy rate indicate that selection to decrease age at puberty would increase heifer pregnancy rates. Calving late has been reported to increase the chance of calving late or not calving the following year, and heifers need to wean 3 to 5 calves to pay for development costs. Therefore, puberty is important to the sustainability and profitability of beef operations. C1 [Perry, George A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Cushman, Robert] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Perry, GA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, North Campus Dr, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM George.Perry@sdstate.edu NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 22 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 EI 1558-4240 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 579 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.07.011 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 261QT UT WOS:000327680400009 PM 24182436 ER PT J AU Jose, MS Leblanc, L Geib, SM Rubinoff, D AF Jose, Michael San Leblanc, Luc Geib, Scott M. Rubinoff, Daniel TI An Evaluation of the Species Status of Bactrocera invadens and the Systematics of the Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Complex SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera dorsalis; Diptera; Tephritidae; B. invadens; invasive species ID FRUIT-FLY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; PHYLOGENETIC UTILITY; AEDEAGAL LENGTH; NUCLEAR GENE; PRIMERS; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; EVOLUTION AB The genus Bactrocera (Tephritidae) contains >500 species, including many severe pests of fruits and vegetables. Although native to tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Australasia, a number of the pest species, largely members of the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex, have become widespread through accidental introduction associated with agricultural trade. The B. dorsalis complex includes several morphologically and ecologically similar pests, making species designations uncertain. One of these, Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta, and White, endemic to Sri Lanka, has spread across Africa in the last decade and become a major agricultural pest. We sequenced one mitochondrial and two nuclear genes from 73 specimens, belonging to 19 species to construct phylogenies and examine species relationships and limits within the genus Bactrocera and several species of the B. dorsalis complex-specifically addressing the placement of B. invadens. Results indicate the B. dorsalis complex is polyphyletic. B. invadens and several other species within the B. dorsalis complex (B. dorsalis, Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, and Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock) are also paraphyletic with respect to each other and probably represent a single genetically indistinguishable, phenotypically plastic, pest species that has spread throughout the world. C1 [Jose, Michael San; Leblanc, Luc; Rubinoff, Daniel] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Geib, Scott M.] USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Rubinoff, D (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, 3050 Maile Way,Gilmore 310, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rubinoff@hawaii.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [3.0251] FX We are indebted to Rudolph Putoa, Kemo Badji, and Sylvain Ouedraogo for providing specimens from French Polynesia and Africa. We also thank Will Haines, Jesse Eiben, Tony Wong, Emmett Easton, and David Haymer for providing additional material from Asia and Hawaii. Saba Young and Dan Nitta helped with molecular work. We greatly appreciate the help of Chi-Yeh Chien (Thai Royal Project Foundation), Thongsavanh Taipangnavong (Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)-integrated pest management (IPM) Laos), Vornthalom Chanthavong (FAO-IPM Laos), Lira Chea (FAO-IPM Cambodia), Ajay Markanday (FAO-IPM Cambodia), Johannes Ketellar (FAO-Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific), Prabhat Kumar (Asian Institute of Techonology) and Po-Yung Lai (University of Hawaii Manoa College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources), with permits and logistics in our international collecting trips. We especially thank Norman Barr (U. S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [USDA-APHIS]) and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was made possible, in part, by a Cooperative Agreement from the United States Department of Agriculture through Farm Bill funding (project 3.0251) administered by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. It may not necessarily express the views of the USDA. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 106 IS 6 BP 684 EP 694 DI 10.1603/AN13017 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 258GX UT WOS:000327448400002 ER PT J AU Feng, PCH Reddy, S AF Feng, Peter C. H. Reddy, Shanker TI Prevalences of Shiga Toxin Subtypes and Selected Other Virulence Factors among Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Fresh Produce SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; MULTIPLEX PCR; SUBTILASE CYTOTOXIN; ENTEROCYTE EFFACEMENT; PUTATIVE ADHESINS; GENE VARIANTS; SAA GENE; CATTLE; FOOD; PROFILES AB Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains were isolated from a variety of fresh produce, but mostly from spinach, with an estimated prevalence rate of 0.5%. A panel of 132 produce STEC strains were characterized for the presence of virulence and putative virulence factor genes and for Shiga toxin subtypes. About 9% of the isolates were found to have the eae gene, which encodes the intimin binding protein, and most of these belonged to known pathogenic STEC serotypes, such as O157:H7 and O26:H11, or to serotypes that reportedly have caused human illness. Among the eae-negative strains, there were three O113:H21 strains and one O91:H21 strain, which historically have been implicated in illness and therefore may be of concern as well. The ehxA gene, which encodes enterohemolysin, was found in similar to 60% of the isolates, and the saa and subAB genes, which encode STEC agglutinating adhesin and subtilase cytotoxin, respectively, were found in similar to 30% of the isolates. However, the precise roles of these three putative virulence factors in STEC pathogenesis have not yet been fully established. The stx(1a) and stx(2a) subtypes were present in 22% and 56%, respectively, of the strains overall and were the most common subtypes among produce STEC strains. The stx(2d) subtype was the second most common subtype (28% overall), followed by stx(2c) (7.5%), and only 2 to 3% of the produce STEC strains had the stx(2e) and stx(2g) subtypes. Almost half of the produce STEC strains had only partial serotypes or were untyped, and most of those that were identified belonged to unremarkable serotypes. Considering the uncertainties of some of these Stx subtypes and putative virulence factors in causing human illness, it is difficult to determine the health risk of many of these produce STEC strains. C1 [Feng, Peter C. H.] US FDA, Div Microbiol, College Pk, MD USA. [Reddy, Shanker] USDA, Monitoring Programs Div, Manassas, VA USA. RP Feng, PCH (reprint author), US FDA, Div Microbiol, College Pk, MD USA. EM peter.feng@fda.hhs.gov NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 79 IS 22 BP 6917 EP 6923 DI 10.1128/AEM.02455-13 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 259CE UT WOS:000327504200011 PM 23995936 ER PT J AU Jung, WK Bono, JL Clawson, ML Leopold, SR Shringi, S Besser, TE AF Jung, Woo Kyung Bono, James L. Clawson, Michael L. Leopold, Shana R. Shringi, Smriti Besser, Thomas E. TI Lineage and Genogroup-Defining Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHIGA TOXIN; O157-H7 STRAINS; BOVINE ORIGIN; VIRULENCE; CATTLE; SUBPOPULATIONS; ASSOCIATION; DIVERSITY; EMERGENCE; INFECTION AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a zoonotic human pathogen for which cattle are an important reservoir host. Using both previously published and new sequencing data, a 48-locus single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing panel was developed that redundantly identified 11 genogroups that span six of the eight lineages recently described for E. coli O157:H7 (J. L. Bono, T. P. Smith, J. E. Keen, G. P. Harhay, T. G. McDaneld, R. E. Mandrell, W. K. Jung, T. E. Besser, P. Gerner-Smidt, M. Bielaszewska, H. Karch, M. L. Clawson, Mol. Biol. Evol. 29:2047-2062, 2012) and additionally defined subgroups within four of those lineages. This assay was applied to 530 isolates from human and bovine sources. The SNP-based lineage groups were concordant with previously identified E. coli O157:H7 genotypes identified by other methods and were strongly associated with carriage of specific Stx genes. Two SNP lineages (Ia and Vb) were disproportionately represented among cattle isolates, and three others (IIa, Ib, and IIb) were disproportionately represented among human clinical isolates. This 48-plex SNP assay efficiently and economically identifies biologically relevant lineages within E. coli O157:H7. C1 [Jung, Woo Kyung; Shringi, Smriti; Besser, Thomas E.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bono, James L.; Clawson, Michael L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr USMARC, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Leopold, Shana R.] Univ Klinikum Munster, Inst Hyg, Munster, Germany. RP Besser, TE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tbesser@vetmed.wsu.edu OI Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-04248, 2010-04487] FX This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grants no. 2009-04248 and 2010-04487, from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 79 IS 22 BP 7036 EP 7041 DI 10.1128/AEM.02173-13 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 259CE UT WOS:000327504200026 PM 24014531 ER PT J AU Lee, KW Lillehoj, HS Jang, SI Lee, SH Bautista, DA Siragusa, GR AF Lee, K. W. Lillehoj, H. S. Jang, S. I. Lee, S. H. Bautista, D. A. Siragusa, G. R. TI Effect of Bacillus Subtilis-based Direct-fed Microbials on Immune Status in Broiler Chickens Raised on Fresh or Used Litter SO ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Direct-fed Microbials; Cytokines; Broiler Chickens; Used Litter; Immunity ID GANGRENOUS DERMATITIS; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; NECROTIC ENTERITIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; EIMERIA-MAXIMA; POULTRY LITTER; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; VACCINATION; PROBIOTICS AB Type of dietary direct-fed microbials (DFMs) or poultry litter could directly influence the composition of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota plays an important role in shaping the developing immune system and maintaining the homeostasis of the mature immune system in mammal and chickens. The present study was carried out to investigate the interaction among litter, DFMs and immunity in broiler chickens exposed to a field-simulated environment. Immune status of broiler chickens was assessed by serum antibodies against Eimeria spp. and Clostridium spp. and intestinal cytokine mRNA expression. The current experimental design had a 3 x2 factorial arrangement of treatments with three types of litter, i.e., fresh litter or used litter that was obtained from a farm with no disease outbreak (used litter) or a farm with history of a gangrenous dermatitis outbreak (GD litter), and two dietary treatments with or without DFMs. It was found that either DFM addition or type of litter significantly affected anticoccidial antibody levels of broiler chickens at d 42. In general, dietary DFMs increased the anticoccidial antibodies in the fresh-litter raised chickens, but lowered the levels in the GD-litter raised chickens. Serum antibodies against Clostridium "perfringens alpha-toxin were significantly (p<0.05) higher in chickens raised on GD litter compared with those raised on fresh litter. Cytokine mRNA expression was significantly (p<0.05) altered by either the type of litter or DFMs. Of interest, dietary DFMs lowered interferon-gamma, interleukin 1beta, and CXCLi2 cytokine mRNA expression in chickens raised on fresh litter but increased them in GD-litter raised chickens. In conclusion, dietary DFMs modulate various immune parameters of broiler chickens, but the DFM-mediated effects were dependent upon the type of litter on which chickens were raised. C1 [Lee, K. W.; Lillehoj, H. S.; Jang, S. I.; Lee, S. H.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bautista, D. A.] Univ Delaware, Lasher Poultry Diagnost Lab, Georgetown, DE USA. [Siragusa, G. R.] Danisco, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 FU ARS-USDA; Danisco; ARS in-house project [1245-32000-097-00] FX This project was supported by a Trust agreement established between ARS-USDA and Danisco and partially by the ARS in-house project 1245-32000-097-00. We thank Marjorie Nichols and Stacy O'Donnell for their technical assistances. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 21 PU ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN ASSOC ANIMAL PRODUCTION SOC PI SEOUL PA ROOM 708 SAMMO SPOREX, 1638-32, SEOWON-DONG, GWANAK-GU, SEOUL 151-730, SOUTH KOREA SN 1011-2367 EI 1976-5517 J9 ASIAN AUSTRAL J ANIM JI Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1592 EP 1597 DI 10.5713/ajas.2013.13178 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 255HP UT WOS:000327230300012 PM 25049746 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF AF Ridpath, Julia F. TI A need to define characteristics to be used in the taxonomy of the expanding pestivirus genus SO BERLINER UND MUNCHENER TIERARZTLICHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA English DT Article DE Taxonomy; Pestivirus; species; genotype ID VIRAL-DIARRHEA-VIRUS; BORDER DISEASE VIRUS; CROSS-NEUTRALIZATION ASSAYS; HOBI-LIKE PESTIVIRUS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GENOMIC SEQUENCE; UNITED-STATES; CALVES; BVDV; CATTLE AB The relatively high rate of genetic drift observed with pestiviruses results not only in the emergence of new species but also in heterogeneity within recognized species. The grouping of pestiviruses into species was first based on host and to a lesser extent on clinical presentation, then later by antigenic comparisons and more recently genetic comparisons. Subgrouping within species is a more recent taxonomic development and has been based primarily on genetic comparisons. While there are a number of publications proposing new species within the Pestivirus genus or new subgroups within recognized pestivirus species, there is no consensus on the criteria required to declare a new species and subgroup. Defining the criteria used for segregation of species and subgroups within a species is important because differentiating viral species and subspecies and determining the regions in which they are endemic has profound implications for eradication efforts, the design of vaccines and for regulation of trade in livestock and animal derived products, such as fetal bovine serum. This review outlines criteria used for differentiating species within the different genera of the Flaviviridae, compares criteria previously used for differentiating pestiviruses and discusses the need for the development of a unified system for defining species and subgroups within the Pestivirus genus. C1 ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70,1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SCHLUETERSCHE VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH & CO KG PI HANNOVER PA HANS-BOCKLER-ALLEE 7, 30173 HANNOVER, GERMANY SN 0005-9366 EI 1439-0299 J9 BERL MUNCH TIERARZTL JI Berliner Munchener Tierarztl. Wochenschr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 126 IS 11-12 BP 462 EP 467 DI 10.2376/0005-9366-126-462 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 252LC UT WOS:000327005200004 PM 24511820 ER PT J AU Panoutsou, C Bauen, A Duffield, J AF Panoutsou, Calliope Bauen, Ausilio Duffield, Jim TI Policy regimes and funding schemes to support investment for next-generation biofuels in the USA and the EU-27 SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR LA English DT Review AB The production of next-generation biofuels both in the EU-27 and the USA involves producing biofuels beyond the conventional sugar, starch, vegetable oils, and animal-fat-based biofuels now produced commercially. Next-generation biofuels can be derived from non-food crops or agricultural residues, fast-growing trees, forestry, and municipal wastes, etc., and include (cellulosic) ethanol, butanol, methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), Fischer-Tropsch diesel, upgraded pyrolysis oils, microbial drop-in gasoline and diesel substitutes, and biofuels made from microbial oils and algae. The context of policy development for next-generation biofuels both in the USA and the EU-27 is based on the evidence that as demand for biofuels is growing and both the market and policies become more ambitious, a broader variety of feedstocks are needed to meet increasing production and use goals. At the moment, in both regions, policies to support conventional biofuels are still in place, but new strategies are being adopted at a fast rate to build a bridge from first-generation to next-generation biofuels and ensure sustainable supply. This paper presents the background and rationale for the current policy regimes and funding schemes in the USA and EU-27 in relation to next-generation biofuels, gives an update of the current market developments and provides a set of recommendations on the key issues that future policy formation should take into account to efficiently translate the ambitious' targets into a commercialization prospects. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 [Panoutsou, Calliope] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Environm Policy, London SW7 1NA, England. [Bauen, Ausilio] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Energy Policy & Technol, Bioenergy Grp, London SW7 1NA, England. [Duffield, Jim] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Panoutsou, C (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Energy Policy & Technol, 14 Princes Gardens, London SW7 1NA, England. EM c.panoutsou@imperial.ac.uk NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1932-104X EI 1932-1031 J9 BIOFUEL BIOPROD BIOR JI Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining PD NOV PY 2013 VL 7 IS 6 SI SI BP 685 EP 701 DI 10.1002/bbb.1428 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 250YQ UT WOS:000326893400016 ER PT J AU Bett-Garber, KL Lea, JM McClung, AM Chen, MH AF Bett-Garber, Karen L. Lea, Jeanne M. McClung, Anna M. Chen, Ming-Hsuan TI Correlation of Sensory, Cooking, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Whole Grain Rice with Diverse Bran Color SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITIES; COOKED RICE; ASTRINGENCY; BITTERNESS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; PHYTOCHEMICALS; TEXTURE; SORGHUM; FLAVOR AB Whole grain rice is nutrient dense because of the intact bran layer. The literature indicates that there is genetic variability for compounds in the bran layer of whole grain rice with some compounds in high concentrations in varieties with pigmented bran. The purpose of this study was to compare factors that impact sensory characteristics between different classes of rice bran color. Ten varieties, two from each of five bran colors (white, light brown, brown, red, and purple), were evaluated for descriptive flavor and texture, physical characteristics, gelatinization temperature, apparent amylose content, and polyphenols. Rice that has red or purple pigmented bran has higher contents of phenols and flavonoids, and these varieties were strongly correlated with some flavor attributes. The bran/hay/straw attribute correlated with bran weight and bran thickness, and sweet taste negatively correlated with amylose content. The texture attribute of hardness was significantly different among bran colors, and a 64% variance can be explained by kernel density and bran thickness. Physical traits of kernel width, kernel thickness, and bran weight can explain 68.7% of cook time variance. This report advances our understanding of contributing factors to the flavor and texture attributes of the whole grain rice with diverse bran color. C1 [Bett-Garber, Karen L.; Lea, Jeanne M.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [McClung, Anna M.; Chen, Ming-Hsuan] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Bett-Garber, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM karen.bett@ars.usda.gov; ming.chen@ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 36 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 90 IS 6 BP 521 EP 528 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-10-12-0126-R PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259AG UT WOS:000327499200001 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Hicks, KB AF Moreau, Robert A. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Removal and Isolation of Germ-Rich Fractions from Hull-less Barley Using a Fitzpatrick Comminuting Mill and Sieves SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AIR CLASSIFICATION; FUNCTIONAL LIPIDS; BETA-GLUCAN; OIL; SCARIFICATION; PROTEIN AB A process was developed to produce a germ-enriched fraction from hull-less barley using a Fitzpatrick comminuting mill (FitzMilling) followed by sieving. Hulled and hull-less barleys contain 1.5-2.5% oil and, like wheat kernels, which contain wheat germ oil, much of the oil in barley kernels is in the germ fraction. A process that combined FitzMilling and sieving produced a germ-enriched fraction with an oil content of approximate to 15% and a yield of approximate to 1.1%. For comparison, this is higher than the levels of oil in most samples of commercial wheat germ. Experimental conditions were also described to produce a germ-enriched fraction with a higher yield (2.16%), but it would have lower oil con-tent (10.24%). Germination and compositional analysis studies suggested that FitzMilling hull-less barley for 2 min or longer reduced germination rates to 1% or less, which was interpreted to mean that almost the entire viable germ was removed. In contrast, FitzMilling conventional hulled barley for 4 min had no effect on germination, and milling for 6 and 8 min resulted in germination rates of 36 and 12%, respectively. The oil extracted from germ-enriched fractions was rich in free phytosterols (approximate to 1%), phytosterol esters (3-7%), and free fatty acids (2-10%). These germ-enriched fractions and the extracted oil they contain may have value as nutraceuticals or premium edible oils. C1 [Moreau, Robert A.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Sustainable Biofuels & Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Biofuels & Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM robert.moreau@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 90 IS 6 BP 546 EP 551 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-09-12-0118-R PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259AG UT WOS:000327499200005 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Simsek, S Thavarajah, D Thavarajah, P Ohm, JB AF Doehlert, Douglas C. Simsek, Senay Thavarajah, Dil Thavarajah, Pushparajah Ohm, Jae-Bom TI Detailed Composition Analyses of Diverse Oat Genotype Kernels Grown in Different Environments in North Dakota SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY FIBER; BETA-GLUCAN; GRAIN; CULINARIS; QUALITY; PROTEIN; ACID; FOOD; L. AB Nutritional composition of oat kernels from 18 genotypes grown in six environments in North Dakota, U.S.A., was analyzed by chemical means. Of the macronutrients, mean starch concentration was 56.5%, protein was 18.1%, oil was 7.9%, neutral detergent fiber (insoluble fiber) was 6.0%, beta-glucan (soluble fiber) was 5.2%, ash was 1.9%, and soluble carbohydrate was 0.6%. These add up to 96.2%, which appears to account for most of the mass of the oat kernel. Protein amino acid analysis indicated 4.5% lysine and 1.8% methionine. Free amino acid analysis indicated 1,129 mu g of asparagine per gram of flour. The 18:1 and 18: 2 fatty acids were the most abundant in oat lipids. Mean micro-nutrient concentrations in oat kernels included potassium (3,419 ppm), magnesium (1,416 ppm), calcium (441 ppm), iron (52 ppm), zinc (26 ppm), and selenium (0.38 ppm). Analysis of variance indicated significant genotypic and environmental variation, as well as significant genotype x environmental interaction for most of the nutritional components. In general, protein was higher in drier, hotter environments, whereas oil, beta-glucan, and starch were higher in wetter, cooler environments. The results provide a unique database of a collection of compositional components for specific oat genotypes in diverse environments. C1 [Doehlert, Douglas C.; Ohm, Jae-Bom] N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Simsek, Senay] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Thavarajah, Dil; Thavarajah, Pushparajah] N Dakota State Univ, Sch Food Syst, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Simsek, S (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Dept 7670,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM senay.simsek@ndsu.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 90 IS 6 BP 572 EP 578 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-09-12-0111-R PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259AG UT WOS:000327499200009 ER PT J AU Saenz, D Fucik, EM Kwiatkowski, MA AF Saenz, Daniel Fucik, Erin M. Kwiatkowski, Matthew A. TI Synergistic effects of the invasive Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) and climate change on aquatic amphibian survival SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; breeding phenology; Chinese tallow; climate change; invasive plant; weather ID FROG RANA-SPHENOCEPHALA; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; CALLING PHENOLOGY; LARVAL AMPHIBIANS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; UNITED-STATES; ANURAN LARVAE; LEGGED FROG; TREE FROG; PLANT AB Changes in climate and the introduction of invasive species are two major stressors to amphibians, although little is known about the interaction between these two factors with regard to impacts on amphibians. We focused our study on an invasive tree species, the Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera), that annually sheds its leaves and produces leaf litter that is known to negatively impact aquatic amphibian survival. The purpose of our research was to determine whether the timing of leaf fall from Chinese tallow and the timing of amphibian breeding (determined by weather) influence survival of amphibian larvae. We simulated a range of winter weather scenarios, ranging from cold to warm, by altering the relative timing of when leaf litter and amphibian larvae were introduced into aquatic mesocosms. Our results indicate that amphibian larvae survival was greatly affected by the length of time Chinese tallow leaf litter decomposes in water prior to the introduction of the larvae. Larvae in treatments simulating warm winters (early amphibian breeding) were introduced to the mesocosms early in the aquatic decomposition process of the leaf litter and had significantly lower survival compared with cold winters (late amphibian breeding), likely due to significantly lower dissolved oxygen levels. Shifts to earlier breeding phenology, linked to warming climate, have already been observed in many amphibian taxa, and with most climate models predicting a significant warming trend over the next century, the trend toward earlier breeding should continue if not increase. Our results strongly suggest that a warming climate can interact with the effects of invasive plant species, in ways we have not previously considered, to reduce the survival of an already declining group of organisms. C1 [Saenz, Daniel] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. [Fucik, Erin M.; Kwiatkowski, Matthew A.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Saenz, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, 506 Hayter St, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM dsaenz@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service FX Funding for this study was provided by the US Forest Service. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 3 IS 14 BP 4828 EP 4840 DI 10.1002/ece3.857 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 256IT UT WOS:000327304000017 PM 24363907 ER PT J AU Crossa, J Beyene, Y Kassa, S Perez, P Hickey, JM Chen, C de los Campos, G Burgueno, J Windhausen, VS Buckler, E Jannink, JL Cruz, MAL Babu, R AF Crossa, Jose Beyene, Yoseph Kassa, Semagn Perez, Paulino Hickey, John M. Chen, Charles de los Campos, Gustavo Burgueno, Juan Windhausen, Vanessa S. Buckler, Ed Jannink, Jean-Luc Lopez Cruz, Marco A. Babu, Raman TI Genomic Prediction in Maize Breeding Populations with Genotyping-by-Sequencing SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GenPred; shared data resources ID DENSE MOLECULAR MARKERS; ENABLED PREDICTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; GENETIC VALUES; REGRESSION-MODELS; NEURAL-NETWORKS; SELECTION; PEDIGREE; WHEAT; ACCURACY AB Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technologies have proven capacity for delivering large numbers of marker genotypes with potentially less ascertainment bias than standard single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Therefore, GBS has become an attractive alternative technology for genomic selection. However, the use of GBS data poses important challenges, and the accuracy of genomic prediction using GBS is currently undergoing investigation in several crops, including maize, wheat, and cassava. The main objective of this study was to evaluate various methods for incorporating GBS information and compare them with pedigree models for predicting genetic values of lines from two maize populations evaluated for different traits measured in different environments (experiments 1 and 2). Given that GBS data come with a large percentage of uncalled genotypes, we evaluated methods using nonimputed, imputed, and GBS-inferred haplotypes of different lengths (short or long). GBS and pedigree data were incorporated into statistical models using either the genomic best linear unbiased predictors (GBLUP) or the reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) regressions, and prediction accuracy was quantified using cross-validation methods. The following results were found: relative to pedigree or marker-only models, there were consistent gains in prediction accuracy by combining pedigree and GBS data; there was increased predictive ability when using imputed or nonimputed GBS data over inferred haplotype in experiment 1, or nonimputed GBS and information-based imputed short and long haplotypes, as compared to the other methods in experiment 2; the level of prediction accuracy achieved using GBS data in experiment 2 is comparable to those reported by previous authors who analyzed this data set using SNP arrays; and GBLUP and RKHS models with pedigree with nonimputed and imputed GBS data provided the best prediction correlations for the three traits in experiment 1, whereas for experiment 2 RKHS provided slightly better prediction than GBLUP for drought-stressed environments, and both models provided similar predictions in well-watered environments. C1 [Crossa, Jose; Beyene, Yoseph; Kassa, Semagn; Chen, Charles; Burgueno, Juan; Lopez Cruz, Marco A.; Babu, Raman] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Perez, Paulino] Colegio Postgrad, Montecillos 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. [Hickey, John M.] Univ Edinburgh, Roslin Inst, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. [de los Campos, Gustavo] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Windhausen, Vanessa S.] Saaten Union Rech, F-60190 Estrees St Denis, France. [Buckler, Ed; Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Crossa, J (reprint author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. EM j.crossa@cgiar.org OI Crossa, Jose/0000-0001-9429-5855; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Burgueno, Juan/0000-0002-1468-4867 FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Howard Buffet Foundation; National Institutes of Health [R01GM099992-01A1, R01GM101219-01] FX We thank all national programs in Africa and Mexico that performed the experiments and collected the data analyzed in this study. We acknowledge the financial support provided to the Drought Tolerance Maize for Africa project, to the Water Effective Maize for Africa project, and to Cornell-CIMMYT by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and by the Howard Buffet Foundation. National Institutes of Health also provided financial support (grants R01GM099992-01A1 and R01GM101219-01 to G.d.l.C. and P.P.). NR 37 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 72 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1903 EP 1926 DI 10.1534/g3.113.008227 PG 24 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 255LY UT WOS:000327241900003 PM 24022750 ER PT J AU Morris, GP Rhodes, DH Brenton, Z Ramu, P Thayil, VM Deshpande, S Hash, CT Acharya, C Mitchell, SE Buckler, ES Yu, JM Kresovich, S AF Morris, Geoffrey P. Rhodes, Davina H. Brenton, Zachary Ramu, Punna Thayil, Vinayan Madhumal Deshpande, Santosh Hash, C. Thomas Acharya, Charlotte Mitchell, Sharon E. Buckler, Edward S. Yu, Jianming Kresovich, Stephen TI Dissecting Genome-Wide Association Signals for Loss-of-Function Phenotypes in Sorghum Flavonoid Pigmentation Traits SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE quantitative trait loci; null alleles; structured populations; genome scan; grain pigmentation ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MODEL APPROACH; GENES; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE; GENOTYPE AB Genome-wide association studies are a powerful method to dissect the genetic basis of traits, although in practice the effects of complex genetic architecture and population structure remain poorly understood. To compare mapping strategies we dissected the genetic control of flavonoid pigmentation traits in the cereal grass sorghum by using high-resolution genotyping-by-sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. Studying the grain tannin trait, we find that general linear models (GLMs) are not able to precisely map tan1-a, a known loss-of-function allele of the Tannin1 gene, with either a small panel (n = 142) or large association panel (n = 336), and that indirect associations limit the mapping of the Tannin1 locus to Mb-resolution. A GLM that accounts for population structure (Q) or standard mixed linear model that accounts for kinship (K) can identify tan1-a, whereas a compressed mixed linear model performs worse than the naive GLM. Interestingly, a simple loss-of-function genome scan, for genotype-phenotype covariation only in the putative loss-of-function allele, is able to precisely identify the Tannin1 gene without considering relatedness. We also find that the tan1-a allele can be mapped with gene resolution in a biparental recombinant inbred line family (n = 263) using genotyping-by-sequencing markers but lower precision in the mapping of vegetative pigmentation traits suggest that consistent gene-level resolution will likely require larger families or multiple recombinant inbred lines. These findings highlight that complex association signals can emerge from even the simplest traits given epistasis and structured alleles, but that gene-resolution mapping of these traits is possible with high marker density and appropriate models. C1 [Morris, Geoffrey P.; Rhodes, Davina H.; Brenton, Zachary; Kresovich, Stephen] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ramu, Punna; Thayil, Vinayan Madhumal; Deshpande, Santosh] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Hyderabad 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Hash, C. Thomas] ICRISAT Sadore, Niamey, Niger. [Acharya, Charlotte; Mitchell, Sharon E.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Yu, Jianming] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Morris, GP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gpmorris@ksu.edu OI Morris, Geoffrey/0000-0002-3067-3359; Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU National Science Foundation [ID: IOS-0965342]; United States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Program [2011-03502] FX We thank National Science Foundation for providing funds (ID: IOS-0965342) to carry out this research under Basic Research to Enable Agricultural Development project. This work was also supported by a grant from United States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Program (#2011-03502) to S. K. This work has been undertaken as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Cereals. We thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 25 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 3 IS 11 BP 2085 EP 2094 DI 10.1534/g3.113.008417 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 255LY UT WOS:000327241900015 PM 24048646 ER PT J AU Zila, CT Samayoa, LF Santiago, R Butron, A Holland, JB AF Zila, Charles T. Fernando Samayoa, L. Santiago, Rogelio Butron, Ana Holland, James B. TI A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Genes Associated with Fusarium Ear Rot Resistance in a Maize Core Diversity Panel SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE association analysis; disease resistance; genotype-by-environment interaction; maize; quantitative trait ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION RESISTANCE; KERNEL INFECTION; COMPLEX TRAITS; PLANTS; GRAIN; VERTICILLIOIDES; ARCHITECTURE; MONILIFORME; POPULATIONS AB Fusarium ear rot is a common disease of maize that affects food and feed quality globally. Resistance to the disease is highly quantitative, and maize breeders have difficulty incorporating polygenic resistance alleles from unadapted donor sources into elite breeding populations without having a negative impact on agronomic performance. Identification of specific allele variants contributing to improved resistance may be useful to breeders by allowing selection of resistance alleles in coupling phase linkage with favorable agronomic characteristics. We report the results of a genome-wide association study to detect allele variants associated with increased resistance to Fusarium ear rot in a maize core diversity panel of 267 inbred lines evaluated in two sets of environments. We performed association tests with 47,445 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) while controlling for background genomic relationships with a mixed model and identified three marker loci significantly associated with disease resistance in at least one subset of environments. Each associated SNP locus had relatively small additive effects on disease resistance (+/- 1.1% on a 0-100% scale), but nevertheless were associated with 3 to 12% of the genotypic variation within or across environment subsets. Two of three identified SNPs colocalized with genes that have been implicated with programmed cell death. An analysis of associated allele frequencies within the major maize subpopulations revealed enrichment for resistance alleles in the tropical/subtropical and popcorn subpopulations compared with other temperate breeding pools. C1 [Zila, Charles T.; Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fernando Samayoa, L.; Santiago, Rogelio; Butron, Ana] CSIC, Mision Biol Galicia, Pontevedra 36080, Spain. [Holland, James B.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_holland@ncsu.edu RI Samayoa, Luis Fernando/I-7425-2014; Santiago, Rogelio/E-7610-2012; OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467, IOS-0820619, IOS-0604923]; USDA-ARS; National Plan for Research and Development of Spain [AGL2009-12770]; Excma. Diputacion Provincial de Pontevedra; Autonomous Government of Galicia; European Social Fund FX We thank Jason Brewer, Steve Pigozzo, David Horne, Brittany Scott, Sarah Davidson-Dyer, and Colt Jackson for technical assistance and Bode Olukolu, Funda Ogut, and Shang Xue for assistance with the analyses. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (projects DBI-0321467, IOS-0820619, and IOS-0604923), USDA-ARS, the National Plan for Research and Development of Spain (AGL2009-12770), and the Excma. Diputacion Provincial de Pontevedra. USDA-ARS supported the graduate fellowship of C.T.Z. R. S. acknowledges postdoctoral contract "Isidro Parga Pondal," supported by the Autonomous Government of Galicia and the European Social Fund. NR 56 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 51 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 3 IS 11 BP 2095 EP 2104 DI 10.1534/g3.113.007328 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 255LY UT WOS:000327241900016 PM 24048647 ER PT J AU Tarara, JM Chaves, B Strik, BC AF Tarara, Julie M. Chaves, Bernardo Strik, Bernadine C. TI Above- and Belowground Microclimate of Grow Tubes in an Organic Mulch-incorporated, Raised Bed System for Blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humidity; solar radiation; temperature; tree shelter; Vaccinium corymbosum; vapor pressure deficit ID HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; TREE SHELTER; SEEDLING GROWTH; GAS-EXCHANGE; L. SEEDLINGS; TREESHELTERS; ESTABLISHMENT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENVIRONMENT; LIMITATION AB Grow tubes are well established in forestry and are gaining attention in establishing some woody perennial crops. To date, microclimate descriptions have addressed the aboveground environment, hula mulched raised bed system with organic mulch-incorporated soil requires both the above- and belowground microclimate to be quantified. We measured the microclimate of commercially used, non-ventilated translucent and non-ventilated opaque grow tubes in a model crop of blueberry (Vaccinium corymzbosum L.) grown on sawdust-mulch-covered raised beds formed from sawdust-incorporated tilled soil. The differences in air temperature between tubes and ambient were consistent with those reported in the literature. Air temperature in translucent tubes was up to 19.7 degrees C higher than ambient. Differences in vapor pressure deficit were largely a function of differences in air temperature between tubes and ambient rather than actual vapor pressure. Stem temperatures were highest outside of the tubes as a result of radiation load. The surface temperature of ambient sawdust mulch (maximum 53 degrees C) was up to 14 degrees C above that in the translucent tube and 20 degrees C above that in the opaque tube. The largest gradients in the bed system were between the loose dry mulch and the soil mulch interface. The presence of a grow tube did not influence soil temperature or its daily amplitude at 15 cm below the surface the native tilled soil. Temperatures associated with the opaque tubes were between ambient and those in the translucent tubes. The temperature data indicate that both opaque and translucent unventilated grow tubes should influence shoot and crown growth but may have little influence on root growth in this shallow-rooted plant. C1 [Tarara, Julie M.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Chaves, Bernardo] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Strik, Bernadine C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Tarara, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM julie.tarara@ars.usda.gov FU Oregon Blueberry Commission FX We acknowledge and are grateful for Gil Buller's technical support, partial funding provided by the Oregon Blueberry Commission, and the valuable contributions of our grower collaborator (PanAmerican Berry Growers, Salem, OR). NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2013 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1363 EP 1369 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 261OF UT WOS:000327673800005 ER PT J AU Altland, JE Locke, JC AF Altland, James E. Locke, James C. TI Effect of Biochar Type on Macronutrient Retention and Release from Soilless Substrate SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE columns; fertilizer; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SPHAGNUM PEAT; TEMPERATURE; QUALITY; PH AB A series of column studies were conducted to determine the influence of three different biochar types on nitrate, phosphate, and potassium retention and leaching in a typical greenhouse soilless substrate. A commercial substrate composed of 85 sphagnum peatmoss : 15 perlite (v:v) was amended with 10% by volume of three different biochar types including: gasified rice hull biochar (GRHB), sawdust biochar (SDB), and a bark and wood biochar (BWB). The non-amended control substrate, along with substrates amended with one of three biochar materials, were each packed into three columns. Columns were drenched with nutrient solution and leached to determine the impact of biochar on nutrient retention and leaching. Nitrate release curves were exponential and peaked lower, at later leaching events, and had higher residual nitrate release over time with each biochar amendment. The impact of biochar amendment on phosphate retention and release was more variable within and across the two experiments. In both experiments, the GRHB was a net source of phosphate, providing more phosphate to the system than the fertilizer application and hence obscuring any retention and release effect it might have. Potassium release varied by amendment type within each experiment, but within each amendment type was relatively consistent across the two experiments. All biochar types were a source of potassium, with GRHB providing more than SDB, but both providing far more potassium than the fertilizer event. The BWB amendment resulted in more leached potassium than the control substrate, but relatively little compared with GRHB and SDB amendments. C1 [Altland, James E.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Res Lab 27, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Locke, James C.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Greenhouse Prod Res Grp, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Locke, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Greenhouse Prod Res Grp, 2801 W Bancroft St,Mail Stop 604, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM jim.locke@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2013 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1397 EP 1402 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 261OF UT WOS:000327673800010 ER PT J AU Payyavula, RS Singh, RK Navarre, DA AF Payyavula, Raja S. Singh, Rajesh K. Navarre, Duroy A. TI Transcription factors, sucrose, and sucrose metabolic genes interact to regulate potato phenylpropanoid metabolism SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanins; bHLH; chlorogenic acid; nutrition; MYB; phenolics; phenylpropanoids; phytonutrients; potato; sucrose; tobacco ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; WD40 REPEAT PROTEIN; ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROGENIC ACID; MYB DOMAIN; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; TOMATO FRUIT; APPLE FRUIT; EXPRESSION AB Much remains unknown about how transcription factors and sugars regulate phenylpropanoid metabolism in tuber crops like potato (Solanum tuberosum). Based on phylogeny and protein similarity to known regulators of phenylpropanoid metabolism, 15 transcription factors were selected and their expression was compared in white, yellow, red, and purple genotypes with contrasting phenolic and anthocyanin profiles. Red and purple genotypes had increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, markedly higher levels of phenylpropanoids, and elevated expression of most phenylpropanoid structural genes, including a novel anthocyanin O-methyltransferase. The transcription factors Anthocyanin1 (StAN1), basic Helix Loop Helix1 (StbHLH1), and StWD40 were more strongly expressed in red and purple potatoes. Expression of 12 other transcription factors was not associated with phenylpropanoid content, except for StMYB12B, which showed a negative relationship. Increased expression of AN1, bHLH1, and WD40 was also associated with environmentally mediated increases in tuber phenylpropanoids. Treatment of potato plantlets with sucrose induced hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, structural genes, AN1, bHLH1, WD40, and genes encoding the sucrose-hydrolysing enzymes SUSY1, SUSY4, and INV2. Transient expression of StAN1 in tobacco leaves induced bHLH1, structural genes, SUSY1, SUSY4, and INV1, and increased phenylpropanoid amounts. StAN1 infiltration into tobacco leaves decreased sucrose and glucose concentrations. In silico promoter analysis revealed the presence of MYB and bHLH regulatory elements on sucrolytic gene promoters and sucrose-responsive elements on the AN1 promoter. These findings reveal an interesting dynamic between AN1, sucrose, and sucrose metabolic genes in modulating potato phenylpropanoids. C1 [Payyavula, Raja S.; Singh, Rajesh K.; Navarre, Duroy A.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Payyavula, Raja S.; Singh, Rajesh K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Navarre, Duroy A.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Navarre, DA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM navarrer@wsu.edu FU Washington State Potato Commission FX We thank Mel Martin, the J.R. Simplot Company, Joe Kuhl, and Creighton Miller for providing the potatoes used in this study and Vijaya Pasapula for statistical analysis. We thank the Washington State Potato Commission for support. NR 83 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 46 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 64 IS 16 BP 5115 EP 5131 DI 10.1093/jxb/ert303 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 259EL UT WOS:000327510100022 PM 24098049 ER PT J AU Ali, A Demirci, B Kiyan, HT Bernier, UR Tsikolia, M Wedge, DE Khan, IA Baser, KHC Tabanca, N AF Ali, Abbas Demirci, Betul Kiyan, Hulya Tuba Bernier, Ulrich R. Tsikolia, Maia Wedge, David E. Khan, Ikhlas A. Baser, Kemal Husnu Can Tabanca, Nurhayat TI Biting Deterrence, Repellency, and Larvicidal Activity of Ruta chalepensis (Sapindales: Rutaceae) Essential Oil and Its Major Individual Constituents Against Mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ruta chalepensis; biting deterrent; repellent; larvicide; Aedes aegypti ID AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; L.; CULICIDAE; PLANTS AB The essential oil from aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis L. (Sapindales: Rutaceae) was obtained by hydrodistillation, and its chemical profile was identified using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compounds, 2-undecanone (43.2%), 2-nonanone (27.9%), and 2-nonyl acetate (10.6%) were the major constituents of the oil. Biting deterrent activity of R. chalepensis essential oil at 10 and 50 mu g/cm(2), 2-undecanone at 8.5 mu g/cm(2), 2-nonanone at 9 mu g/cm(2), and 2-nonyl acetate at 9.3 mu g/cm(2) was similar to DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) at 4.8 mu g/cm(2), against Aedes aegypti L. Biting deterrent activity of R. chalepensis oil at 50 mu g/cm(2) against Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say was statistically similar to DEET at 4.8 mu g/cm(2), whereas the activity was lower in the other compounds tested. In cloth patch assay, R. chalepensis essential oil was effective at 187 mu g/cm(2), whereas 2-undecanone was effective at 108.9 mu g/cm2 against Ae. aegypti. In larval bioassays, 2-undecanone showed similar toxicity whereas toxicity of R. chalepensis essential oil and 2-nonanone was higher at 24-h posttreatment at the LD50 in An. quadrimaculatus than Ae. aegypti. This study revealed that R. chalepensis essential oil and its major compounds were active biting deterrents against Ae. aegypti at higher application rates whereas only the essential oil showed activity similar to DEET against An. quadrimaculatus. 2-undecanone was the most active compound in in vivo repellency bioassay against Ae. aegypti. Chemical composition of R. chalepensis essential oil varies because of plant production and harvest practices, and the activity level of the essential oil may depend on the source of the sample. C1 [Ali, Abbas; Khan, Ikhlas A.; Tabanca, Nurhayat] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Demirci, Betul; Kiyan, Hulya Tuba; Baser, Kemal Husnu Can] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Bernier, Ulrich R.; Tsikolia, Maia] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Wedge, David E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Khan, Ikhlas A.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Khan, Ikhlas A.] King Saud Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Baser, Kemal Husnu Can] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. RP Ali, A (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM aali@olemiss.edu RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008 FU USDA-ARS [56-6402-1-612]; Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program Grant; U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX We thank Junaid-ur-Rehman, National Center for Natural Products Research, and Natasha M. Agramonte, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, for their technical assistance. We thank James J. Becnel and Dan Kline, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, for supplying mosquito eggs. This study was supported in part by USDA-ARS grant 56-6402-1-612 and Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program Grant funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1274 DI 10.1603/ME12177 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 258GZ UT WOS:000327448700011 PM 24843931 ER PT J AU Wise, LN Kappmeyer, LS Mealey, RH Knowles, DP AF Wise, L. N. Kappmeyer, L. S. Mealey, R. H. Knowles, D. P. TI Review of Equine Piroplasmosis SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Anemia; Babesia caballi; Erythrocytic parasite; Theileria equi; Tick-transmitted ID BABESIA-CABALLI INFECTIONS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; DERMACENTOR NITENS NEUMANN; TICK BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; THEILERIA-EQUI; IMIDOCARB DIPROPIONATE; TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION; SOUTH-AFRICA AB Equine piroplasmosis is caused by one of 2 erythrocytic parasites Babesia caballi or Theileria equi. Although the genus of the latter remains controversial, the most recent designation, Theileria, is utilized in this review. Shared pathogenesis includes tick-borne transmission and erythrolysis leading to anemia as the primary clinical outcome. Although both parasites are able to persist indefinitely in their equid hosts, thus far, only B.caballi transmits across tick generations. Pathogenesis further diverges after transmission to equids in that B.caballi immediately infects erythrocytes, whereas T.equi infects peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The recent re-emergence of T.equi in the United States has increased awareness of these tick-borne pathogens, especially in terms of diagnosis and control. This review focuses in part on factors leading to the re-emergence of infection and disease of these globally important pathogens. C1 [Wise, L. N.; Mealey, R. H.; Knowles, D. P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wise, L. N.; Kappmeyer, L. S.; Knowles, D. P.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. [Knowles, D. P.] OIE Reference Lab Equine Piroplasmosis, Pullman, WA USA. RP Wise, LN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM nwise@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 131 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0891-6640 EI 1939-1676 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1334 EP 1346 DI 10.1111/jvim.12168 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 251ZA UT WOS:000326972600005 PM 24033559 ER PT J AU Stoughton, W Poole, T Kuskie, K Liu, M Bishop, K Morrissey, A Takai, S Cohen, N AF Stoughton, W. Poole, T. Kuskie, K. Liu, M. Bishop, K. Morrissey, A. Takai, S. Cohen, N. TI Transfer of the Virulence-Associated Protein A-Bearing Plasmid between Field Strains of Virulent and Avirulent Rhodococcus equi SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Conjugation; Epidemiology; Foal; Microbiology; Pneumonia ID HORSE-BREEDING FARMS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; 17-KILODALTON ANTIGENS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DNA-SEQUENCE; VAPA GENE; FOALS; PNEUMONIA; SOIL; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB BackgroundVirulent and avirulent isolates of Rhodococcus equi coexist in equine feces and the environment and are a source of infection for foals. The extent to which plasmid transfer occurs among field strains is ill-defined and this information is important for understanding the epidemiology of R.equi infections of foals. ObjectivesTo estimate the frequency of transfer of the virulence plasmid between virulent and avirulent strains of R.equi derived from foals and their environment. AnimalsNone. MethodsIn vitro study; 5 rifampin-susceptible, virulent R.equi isolates obtained from clinically affected foals or air samples from a farm with a history of recurrent R.equi foal pneumonia were each mixed with 5 rifampin-resistant, avirulent isolates derived from soil samples, using solid medium, at a ratio of 10 donor cells (virulent) per recipient cell. Presumed transconjugates were detected by plating on media with rifampin and colony immunoblotting to detect the presence of the virulence-associated protein A. ResultsThree presumed transconjugates were detected among 2,037 recipient colonies, indicating an overall estimated transfer frequency of 0.15% (95% CI, 0.03-0.43%). All 3 transconjugates were associated with a single donor and 2 recipient strains. Genotyping and multiplex PCR of presumed transconjugates demonstrated transfer of the virulence-associated protein A-bearing plasmid between virulent and avirulent R.equi. Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTransfer of the virulence plasmid occurs with relatively high frequency. These findings could impact strategies to control or prevent R.equi through environmental management. C1 [Stoughton, W.; Kuskie, K.; Liu, M.; Bishop, K.; Morrissey, A.; Cohen, N.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Poole, T.] ARS, USDA, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. [Takai, S.] Kitasoto Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Towada, Aomori, Japan. RP Cohen, N (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, 4475 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ncohen@cvm.tamu.edu OI Stoughton, William/0000-0002-1015-4826; Cohen, Noah/0000-0002-0384-2903 FU NIH; Merck-Merial Foundation Summer Veterinary Medical Scientist Training Program; Link Equine Research Endowment FX This work was done in the Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. The authors thank Drs Angela Bordin, Jessica Harrington, and Sara Lawhon, and Ms Courtney Brake, Ms Stephanie Buntain, Ms Kaytee Weaver, and Mr Grant Wicks for technical assistance. Kimberly Bishop and Audrey Morrissey were supported by the NIH and Merck-Merial Foundation Summer Veterinary Medical Scientist Training Program.; Funding: This study was funded by the Link Equine Research Endowment. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0891-6640 EI 1939-1676 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1555 EP 1562 DI 10.1111/jvim.12210 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 251ZA UT WOS:000326972600035 PM 24627901 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Santana, B Lindner, DL Miettinen, O Justo, A Hibbett, DS AF Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz Lindner, Daniel L. Miettinen, Otto Justo, Alfredo Hibbett, David S. TI A phylogenetic overview of the antrodia clade (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE brown rot; molecular phylogeny ID WOOD-ROTTING FUNGI; ANTARCTIC PIPTOPORUS POLYPORACEAE; MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL DNA; NON POROID APHYLLOPHORALES; WOLFIPORIA-COCOS; BROWN-ROT; NORTH-AMERICA; SP-NOV; INTERCOMPATIBILITY TESTS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AB Phylogenetic relationships among members of the antrodia clade were investigated with molecular data from two nuclear ribosomal DNA regions, LSU and ITS. A total of 123 species representing 26 genera producing a brown rot were included in the present study. Three DNA datasets (combined LSU-ITS dataset, LSU dataset, ITS dataset) comprising sequences of 449 isolates were evaluated with three different phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference). We present a phylogenetic overview of the five main groups recovered: the fibroporia, laetiporus, postia, laricifomes and core antrodia groups. Not all of the main groups received strong support in the analyses, requiring further research. We were able to identify a number of well supported clades within the main groups. C1 [Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz; Lindner, Daniel L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Miettinen, Otto] Univ Helsinki, Bot Museum, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Justo, Alfredo; Hibbett, David S.] Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Ortiz-Santana, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM bortizana@fs.fed.us OI Miettinen, Otto/0000-0001-7502-710X FU National Science Foundation PolyPEET [DEB 0933081] FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, PolyPEET (DEB 0933081) to DSH. The authors thank Harold H. Burdsall, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Karen Nakasone, Tuomo Niemela and Leif Ryvarden for advice regarding taxonomy of Polyporales. Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Tuomo Niemela and Dmitry Schigel kindly provided a number of previously unpublished sequences. NR 175 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1391 EP 1411 DI 10.3852/13-051 PG 21 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 260BJ UT WOS:000327569700004 PM 23935025 ER PT J AU Hori, C Gaskell, J Igarashi, K Samejima, M Hibbett, D Henrissat, B Cullen, D AF Hori, Chiaki Gaskell, Jill Igarashi, Kiyohiko Samejima, Masahiro Hibbett, David Henrissat, Bernard Cullen, Dan TI Genomewide analysis of polysaccharides degrading enzymes in 11 white- and brown-rot Polyporales provides insight into mechanisms of wood decay SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate active enzymes; genome; proteome; Secretome; wood-rot fungi ID GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE FAMILY; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM STRAIN; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CELLOBIOSE DEHYDROGENASE; GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; POSTIA-PLACENTA; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; SECRETOME ANALYSIS AB To degrade the polysaccharides, wood-decay fungi secrete a variety of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and carbohydrate esterases (CEs) classified into various sequence-based families of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys) and their appended carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM). Oxidative enzymes, such as cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO, formerly GH61), also have been implicated in cellulose degradation. To examine polysaccharide-degrading potential between white- and brown-rot fungi, we performed genomewide analysis of CAZys and these oxidative enzymes in 11 Polyporales, including recently sequenced monokaryotic strains of Bjerkandera adusta, Ganoderrna sp. and Phlebia brevispora. Furthermore, we conducted comparative secretome analysis of seven Polyporales grown on wood culture. As a result, it was found that genes encoding celluloses belonging to families GH6, GH7, GH9 and carbohydrate-binding module family CBM1 are lacking in genomes of brown-rot polyporales. In addition, the presence of CDH and the expansion of LPMO were observed only in white-rot genomes. Indeed, GH6, GH7, CDH and LPMO peptides were identified only in white-rot polypores. Genes encoding aldose 1-epimerase (ALE), previously detected with CDH and celluloses in the culture filtrates, also were identified in white-rot genomes, suggesting a physiological connection between ALE, CDH, cellulose and possibly LPMO. For hemicellulose degradation, genes and peptides corresponding to GH74 xyloglucanase, GH10 endo-xylanase, GH79 beta-glucuronidase, CE1 acetyl xylan esterase and CE15 glucuronoyl methylesterase were significantly increased in white-rot genomes compared to brown-rot genomes. Overall, relative to brown-rot Polyporales, white-rot Polyporales maintain greater enzymatic diversity supporting lignocellulose attack. C1 [Hori, Chiaki; Igarashi, Kiyohiko; Samejima, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Biomat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Hori, Chiaki; Gaskell, Jill; Cullen, Dan] Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Hibbett, David] Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Henrissat, Bernard] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, F-13288 Marseille, France. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dcullen@wisc.edu RI Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Igarashi, Kiyohiko/E-6799-2016 OI Igarashi, Kiyohiko/0000-0001-5152-7177 FU Technology and a Research Fellowship [233288]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX This research was supported by Technology and a Research Fellowship (No. 233288) to C.H. from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). NR 63 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 65 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1412 EP 1427 DI 10.3852/13-072 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 260BJ UT WOS:000327569700005 PM 23935027 ER PT J AU Hughes, KW Petersen, RH Lodge, DJ Bergemann, SE Baumgartner, K Tulloss, RE Lickey, E Cifuentes, J AF Hughes, Karen W. Petersen, Ronald H. Lodge, D. Jean Bergemann, Sarah E. Baumgartner, Kendra Tulloss, Rodham E. Lickey, Edgar Cifuentes, Joaquin TI Evolutionary consequences of putative intra-and interspecific hybridization in agaric fungi SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility; hybridization; speciation ID GEOGRAPHICALLY SEPARATED COLLECTIONS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MELLEA-SENSU-STRICTO; ARMILLARIA-MELLEA; INTERBREEDING POPULATIONS; INFRASPECIFIC VARIATION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; PANELLUS-STYPTICUS; MOSAIC STRUCTURE; NATURAL HYBRID AB Agaric fungi of the southern Appalachian Mountains including Great Smoky Mountains National Park are often heterozygous for the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) with >42% of collections showing some heterozygosity for indels and/or base-pair substitutions. For these collections, intra-individual haplotype divergence is typically less than 2%, but for 3% of these collections intraindividual haplotype divergence exceeds that figure. We hypothesize that high intra-individual haplotype divergence is due to hybridization between agaric fungi with divergent haplotypes, possibly migrants from geographically isolated glacial refugia. Four species with relatively high haplotype divergence were examined: Armillaria mellea, Amanita citrina f. lavendula, Gymnopus dichrous and the Hygrocybe flavescens/ chlorophana complex. The ITS region was sequenced, haplotypes of heterozygotes were resolved through cloning, and phylogenetic analyses were used to determine the outcome of hybridization events. Within Armillaria mellea and Amanita citrina f. lavendula, we found evidence of interbreeding and recombination. Within G. dichrous and H. flavescens/ chlorophana, hybrids were identified but there was no evidence for F-2 or higher progeny in natural populations suggesting that the hybrid fruitbodies might be an evolutionary dead end and that the genetically divergent Mendelian populations from which they were derived are, in fact, different species. The association between ITS haplotype divergence of less than 5% (Armillaria mellea = 2.6% excluding gaps; Amanita citrina f. lavendula = 3.3%) with the presence of putative recombinants and greater than 5% (Gymnopus dichrous = 5.7%; Hygrogbe flavescens/ chlorophana = 14.1%) with apparent failure of F-1 hybrids to produce F-2 or higher progeny in populations may suggest a correlation between genetic distance and reproductive isolation.to determine the outcome of hybridization events. Within Armillaria mellea and Amanita citrina f. lavendula, we found evidence of interbreeding and recombination. Within G. dichrous and H. flavescens/ chlorophana, hybrids were identified but there was no evidence for F-2 or higher progeny in natural populations suggesting that the hybrid fruitbodies might be an evolutionary dead end and that the genetically divergent Mendelian populations from which they were derived are, in fact, different species. The association between ITS haplotype divergence of less than 5% (Armillaria mellea = 2.6% excluding gaps; Amanita citrina f. lavendula = 3.3%) with the presence of putative recombinants and greater than 5% (Gymnopus dichrous = 5.7%; Hygrogbe flavescens/ chlorophana = 14.1%) with apparent failure of F-1 hybrids to produce F-2 or higher progeny in populations may suggest a correlation between genetic distance and reproductive isolation. C1 [Hughes, Karen W.; Petersen, Ronald H.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lodge, D. Jean] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, USDA, No Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Bergemann, Sarah E.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. [Baumgartner, Kendra] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lickey, Edgar] Bridgewater Coll, Dept Biol, Bridgewater, VA 22812 USA. [Cifuentes, Joaquin] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Herbario FCME, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Hughes, KW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM khughes@utk.edu FU NSF [DEB 6338699, DEB1144974] FX We thank Great Smoky Mountain National Park for providing the necessary permissions to collect in the Park and numerous individuals who helped with collections and documentation of materials from the southern Appalachians including Vince Hustad, Nadezhda Psurtseva (Komarov Botanical Institute) and Rick Kerrigan. Research was supported by NSF DEB 6338699 and NSF DEB1144974. We thank Dan Lindner and Ned Klopfenstein for presubmission comments and two anonymous reviewers. We thank undergraduates Samuel Morris, Ana Reboredo-Segovia and Whit Hoskins for help with sequencing. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 30 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1577 EP 1594 DI 10.3852/13-041 PG 18 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 260BJ UT WOS:000327569700018 PM 23928423 ER PT J AU Freeman, S Sharon, M Maymon, M Mendel, Z Protasov, A Aoki, T Eskalen, A O'Donnell, K AF Freeman, S. Sharon, M. Maymon, M. Mendel, Z. Protasov, A. Aoki, T. Eskalen, A. O'Donnell, K. TI Fusarium euwallaceae sp nov.-a symbiotic fungus of Euwallacea sp., an invasive ambrosia beetle in Israel and California SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ambrosia beetle; ap-PCR; EF-1 alpha; Euwallacea fornicatus; Fusarium ambrosium; Fusarium solani species complex; gene genealogies; molecular phylogenetics; morphology; mutualism; mycangia; Persea americana; RPB1; RPB2 ID SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; SCOLYTINAE; CURCULIONIDAE; PLATYPODINAE; AGRICULTURE; EVOLUTION; AVOCADO; FOREST; DNA AB The invasive Asian ambrosia beetle Euwallacea sp. (Coleoptera, Scolytinae, Xyleborini) and a novel Fusarium sp. that it farms in its galleries as a source of nutrition causes serious damage to more than 20 species of live trees and pose a serious threat to avocado production (Persea americana) in Israel and California. Adult female beetles are equipped with mandibular mycangia in which its fungal symbiont is transported within and from the natal galleries. Damage caused to the xylem is associated with disease symptoms that include sugar or gum exudates, dieback, wilt and ultimately host tree mortality. In 2012 the beetle was recorded on more than 200 and 20 different urban landscape species in southern California and Israel respectively. Euwallacea sp. and its symbiont are closely related to the tea shot-hole borer (E. fornicatus) and its obligate symbiont, F. ambrosium occurring in Sri Lanka and India. To distinguish these beetles, hereafter the unnamed xyleborine in Israel and California will be referred to as Euwallacea sp. IS/CA. Both fusaria exhibit distinctive ecologies and produce clavate macroconidia, which we think might represent an adaption to the species-specific beetle partner. Both fusaria comprise a genealogically exclusive lineage within Clade 3 of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) that can be differentiated with arbitrarily primed PCR. Currently these fusaria can be distinguished only phenotypically by the abundant production of blue to brownish macroconidia in the symbiont of Euwallacea sp. IS/CA and their rarity or absence in F. ambrosium. We speculate that obligate symbiosis of Euwallacea and Fusarium, might have driven ecological speciation in these mutualists. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe and illustrate the novel, economically destructive avocado pathogen as Fusarium euwallaceae sp. nov. S. Freeman et al. C1 [Freeman, S.; Sharon, M.; Maymon, M.] Agr Res Org, Dept Plant Pathol & Weed Res, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Mendel, Z.; Protasov, A.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Aoki, T.] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Genet Resources Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Eskalen, A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [O'Donnell, K.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Freeman, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Dept Plant Pathol & Weed Res, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM freeman@volcani.agri.goy.il FU chief scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Organization; Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel [517/13] FX SF and ZM also thank the Israeli avocado growers' organization, Jonathan Maoz for his assistance in the field studies, and the chief scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture for financially supporting this research. Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No. 517/13. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 615 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1595 EP 1606 DI 10.3852/13-066 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 260BJ UT WOS:000327569700019 PM 23928415 ER PT J AU Lubell, MN Cutts, BB Roche, LM Hamilton, M Derner, JD Kachergis, E Tate, KW AF Lubell, M. N. Cutts, B. B. Roche, L. M. Hamilton, M. Derner, J. D. Kachergis, E. Tate, K. W. TI Conservation Program Participation and Adaptive Rangeland Decision-Making SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; management; social networks ID PROPERTY-RIGHTS ORIENTATIONS; BOUNDARY ORGANIZATIONS; MANAGEMENT; TEXAS; UTAH; POLICY; RANCHERS; ADOPTION; SYSTEMS; LAND AB This paper analyzes rancher participation in conservation programs in the context of a social-ecological framework for adaptive rangeland decision-making. We argue that conservation programs are best understood as one of many strategies of adaptively managing rangelands in ways that sustain livelihoods and ecosystem services. The framework hypothesizes four categories of variables affecting conservation program participation: operation/operator characteristics, time horizon, social network connections, and social values. Based on a mail survey of California ranchers, multinomial logit models are used to estimate the impact of these variables on different levels of rancher involvement in conservation programs. The findings suggest that ranchers with larger amounts of land, an orientation towards the future, and who are opinion leaders with access to conservation information, are more likely to participate in conservation programs. C1 [Lubell, M. N.; Hamilton, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cutts, B. B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Roche, L. M.; Tate, K. W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Derner, J. D.; Kachergis, E.] ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Lubell, MN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mnlubell@ucdavis.edu OI Hamilton, Matthew/0000-0003-0509-4467 FU USDA-NIFA, Rangeland Research Program [2009-38415-20265] FX Research was funded by the USDA-NIFA, Rangeland Research Program, Grant 2009-38415-20265. NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 42 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 66 IS 6 BP 609 EP 620 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00025.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257EB UT WOS:000327365300001 ER PT J AU Smart, AJ Scott, TK Clay, SA Clay, DE Ohrtman, M Mousel, EM AF Smart, Alexander J. Scott, Tabithia K. Clay, Sharon A. Clay, David E. Ohrtman, Michelle Mousel, Eric M. TI Spring Clipping, Fire, and Simulated Increased Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Effects on Tallgrass Prairie Vegetation SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE big bluestem; burning; introduced grasses; mowing; native grasses; nitrogen ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; GRASSLAND; SOIL; CONSERVATION; ATRAZINE; GRASSES; SEASON; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; SUCCESSION AB Defoliation aimed at introduced cool-season grasses, which uses similar resources of native grasses, could substantially reduce their competitiveness and improve the quality of the northern tallgrass prairie. The objective was to evaluate the use of early season clipping and fire in conjunction with simulated increased levels of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on foliar canopy cover of tallgrass prairie vegetation. This study was conducted from 2009 to 2012 at two locations in eastern South Dakota. Small plots arranged in a split-plot treatment design were randomized in four complete blocks on a warm-season grass interseeded and a native prairie site in east-central South Dakota. The whole plot consisted of seven treatments: annual clip, biennial clip, triennial clip, annual fire, biennial fire, triennial fire, and undefoliated control. The clip plots consisted of weekly clipping in May to simulate heavy grazing. Fire was applied in late April or early May. The subplot consisted of nitrogen applied at 0 or 15 kg N . ha(-1) in early June. All treatments were initially applied in 2009. Biennial and triennial treatments were reapplied in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Canopy cover of species/major plant functional groups was estimated in late August/early September. Annual clipping was just as effective as annual fire in increasing native warm-season grass and decreasing introduced cool-season grass cover. Annual defoliation resulted in greater native warm-season grass cover, less introduced cool-season grass cover, and less native cool-season grass cover than biennial or triennial defoliation applications. Low levels of nitrogen did not affect native warm-season grass or introduced cool-season cover for any of the defoliation treatments, but it increased introduced cool-season grass cover in the undefoliated control at the native prairie site. This study supports the hypothesis that appropriately applied management results in consistent desired outcomes regardless of increased simulated atmospheric nitrogen depositions. C1 [Smart, Alexander J.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Scott, Tabithia K.] USDA NRCS, Madison, SD 57042 USA. [Clay, Sharon A.; Clay, David E.; Ohrtman, Michelle] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Mousel, Eric M.] Univ Minnesota, North Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Smart, AJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Alexander.smart@sdstate.edu NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 27 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 66 IS 6 BP 680 EP 687 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00054.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257EB UT WOS:000327365300007 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, JR Jones, TA Monaco, TA AF Mukherjee, Jayanti Ray Jones, Thomas A. Monaco, Thomas A. TI Biomass and Defoliation Tolerance of 12 Populations of Pseudoroegneria spicata at Two Densities SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bluebunch wheatgrass; grazing compensation; Intermountain West; root biomass; shoot biomass ID BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS; AGROPYRON BUNCHGRASSES; PERENNIAL GRASSES; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; GRAZING PRESSURE; LARGE HERBIVORES; GROWTH-RESPONSE; COMPETITION; GRAMINOIDS; GRASSLANDS AB Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh.) A. Love is an important native grass of the rangelands of the Intermountain West, USA and is widely used in this region for restoration applications. High grazing preference, together with high grazing sensitivity, has reduced the abundance of this species, indicating the need for the development of grazing-tolerant plant materials. While a genotype may be defoliation tolerant at low density, e.g., in an experimental setting, an effective grazing-tolerant genotype must also display this trait at higher densities resembling those found in natural and restoration settings. We compared 12 restoration plant materials for response to spring-defoliation at high (25 plants.m(-2)) and low (8 plants.m(-2)) plant densities in a field experiment. Two consecutive years of spring-defoliation reduced shoot biomass 19% compared to the nonspring-defoliated control, and this reduction was similar for the two densities examined. Two populations, P-3 and Acc:238, were able to compensate for shoot biomass after 2 yr of spring-defoliation, while the remaining 10 populations undercompensated, as is commonly reported for cool-season grasses in arid and semiarid regions. While the association between control and spring-defoliated shoot biomass was marginally positive (R-2=0.26; P < 0.10), we found a stronger negative association (R-2=0.36; P < 0.05) between spring-defoliation tolerance and control shoot-biomass production. This suggests a possible trade-off between growth and defoliation tolerance (calculated as percentage of control biomass) among populations. Of the four commercially available plant materials in our study, the more recent prevariety germplasm, P-7, exhibited higher control shoot biomass and higher spring-defoliation tolerance than the older cultivars, Whitmar and Goldar. Anatone germplasm was intermediate but not statistically different from these other plant materials for these two traits. C1 [Mukherjee, Jayanti Ray] Utah State Univ, Grad Program, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Mukherjee, Jayanti Ray] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jones, Thomas A.; Monaco, Thomas A.] ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Mukherjee, JR (reprint author), Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, Westville Campus,Private Bag X54001, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. EM plants@scientist.com NR 40 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 66 IS 6 BP 706 EP 713 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00049.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257EB UT WOS:000327365300010 ER PT J AU Clark, A DelCurto, T Vavra, M Dick, BL AF Clark, Abe DelCurto, Tim Vavra, Martin Dick, Brian L. TI Stocking Rate and Fuels Reduction Effects on Beef Cattle Diet Composition and Quality SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE diet quality; diet selection; forage preference; fuels reduction ID NORTHEASTERN OREGON; ELK SEDGE; MULE DEER; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; FORAGE; STEERS AB An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of forest fuels reduction on diet quality, botanical composition, relative preference, and foraging efficiency of beef cattle grazing at different stocking rates. A split plot factorial design was used, with whole plots (3 ha) being fuel reduced or no treatment (control), and split plots (1 ha) within whole plots were grazed to three levels of forage utilization; (low) 3 heifers.ha(-1), (moderate) 6 heifers.ha(-1), (high) 9 heifers.ha(-1), with a 48-h grazing duration. Grazing treatments were applied in August of 2005 and 2006. Cattle diet composition and masticate samples were collected during 20-min grazing bouts using six ruminally cannulated cows in each experimental unit. Relative preference indices indicated a strong preference for grass regardless of treatment and stocking rate. Grass consumption was lower in control pastures (P < 0.05) and tended (P < 0.095) to decrease with increased stocking rates. Shrub use was higher in control pastures displaying a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) due to stocking, whereas shrub use increased with stocking rate across all treatments. Cattle grazing control pastures consumed diets higher in crude protein compared to cattle grazing treated pastures (P < 0.05). In vitro dry matter digestibility values were lower (P < 0.05) in control sites and tended (P=0.10) to decrease with increased stocking rates. In both control and treated pastures, bites per minute and grams consumed per minute declined (P=0.003) with increased stocking, indicating foraging efficiency of cattle decreases with increased stocking rates. Our data indicated cattle grazing late season grand fir habitat types have a strong preference for grasses regardless of treatment or stocking rate. However, as stocking rate increased in both control and treated pastures, grass consumption decreased, shrub consumption increased, and foraging efficiency decreased. C1 [Clark, Abe; DelCurto, Tim] Oregon State Univ, Union Stn, Eastern Oregon Agr & Nat Resource Program, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Vavra, Martin] Pacific NW Res Stn, OSU EOARC & Starkey Project, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Dick, Brian L.] Pacific NW Res Stn, USFS, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP DelCurto, T (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Union Stn, Eastern Oregon Agr & Nat Resource Program, Union, OR 97883 USA. EM delcurto@oregonstate.edu FU Pacific Northwest Research Station; USDA Forest Service Starkey Project; Eastern Oregon Agriculture and Natural Resource Program, Union Station FX Funding was provided by the Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Starkey Project, and Eastern Oregon Agriculture and Natural Resource Program, Union Station. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 66 IS 6 BP 714 EP 720 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00122.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257EB UT WOS:000327365300011 ER PT J AU Edwards, V Condon, B Sawhney, P Reynolds, M Allen, C Nam, S Bopp, A Chen, J Prevost, N AF Edwards, Vince Condon, Brian Sawhney, Paul Reynolds, Michael Allen, Chuck Nam, Sunghyun Bopp, Alvin Chen, Jonathan Prevost, Nicolette TI Electrokinetic analysis of hydroentangled greige cotton-synthetic fiber blends for absorbent technologies SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Greige cotton; nonwoven fabrics; incontinence; absorbent products; electrokinetic analysis; cotton-synthetic blends; water contact angle ID PRODUCTS AB Through nonwoven hydroentanglement of greige cotton blends with polyester and nylon, varying degrees of fiber surface polarity, swelling, and absorbance can be achieved. Electrokinetic properties of nonwoven blends made with Ultra Clean cotton (100% greige or virgin cotton) and polyester or nylon in 40:60 and 60:40 ratios demonstrated distinct differences in charge, swell, and per-cent moisture uptake capability. An electrochemical double layer analysis of charge based on a pH titration (pH 1.5-11 in 1mM KCl) was employed to measure the relative fiber and fabric surface polarity ((plateau)), which ranged from -60 to -26 millivolts. A linear relationship of fiber swelling () and per cent moisture content is apparent when greige cotton and synthetic fibers are blended. Water contact angles revealed that the cotton/synthetic fiber blends were hydrophobic (contact angle >80 degrees) while retaining significant absorbency. The greige cotton/synthetic nonwoven materials, however, possess absorbent properties characterized by varying degrees of moisture uptake, fiber polarity, and swelling attributes similar to absorbent fluid transport materials present in the layers of incontinence products. Electrokinetic properties of the blended greige cotton/synthetic nonwovens are correlated to absorbent incontinence materials. C1 [Edwards, Vince; Condon, Brian; Sawhney, Paul; Reynolds, Michael; Allen, Chuck; Nam, Sunghyun; Prevost, Nicolette] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Bopp, Alvin] Southern Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA USA. [Chen, Jonathan] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Ecol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Edwards, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Vince.Edwards@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the USDA FX This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 EI 1746-7748 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 83 IS 18 BP 1949 EP 1960 DI 10.1177/0040517513483856 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 257GY UT WOS:000327372800007 ER PT J AU Kasuga, T Gijzen, M AF Kasuga, Takao Gijzen, Mark TI Epigenetics and the evolution of virulence SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE avirulence; effector; plant pathogen; immunity ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; PLANT IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; MAGNAPORTHE-ORYZAE; AVIRULENCE GENES; GENOME EVOLUTION; CLONAL LINEAGES AB A feature of pathogenic and invasive organisms is their adaptability when confronted with host and environmental challenges. Recent studies have demonstrated that plant pathogens rely on epigenetic processes for this purpose. Epiallelic variation of effector genes that results in evasion of host immunity is one emerging phenomenon. Another is the epigenetically induced reprogramming and diversification of transcriptional patterns by de-repression of transposable elements. These observations indicate that epigenetic control of gene expression provides a versatile means of generating phenotypic diversity that is adaptable and heritable across generations. C1 [Kasuga, Takao] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA USA. [Gijzen, Mark] Agr & Agri Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. RP Gijzen, M (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. EM mark.gijzen@agr.gc.ca OI Gijzen, Mark/0000-0002-3715-6389 FU Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada GRDI projects; US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, CRIS [5306-22000-014-00D] FX We authors thank our co-workers in the oomycete research community for valuable discussions and for sharing insights. Funding from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada GRDI projects (M.G.) and US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, CRIS Project 5306-22000-014-00D (T.K.) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank our colleagues Qijun Xiang, Ioannis Stergiopoulos, and Yuhai Cui for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X EI 1878-4380 J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 21 IS 11 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1016/j.tim.2013.09.003 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 261OD UT WOS:000327673600005 PM 24095304 ER PT J AU Birt, DF Boylston, T Hendrich, S Jane, JL Hollis, J Li, L McClelland, J Moore, S Phillips, GJ Rowling, M Schalinske, K Scott, MP Whitley, EM AF Birt, Diane F. Boylston, Terri Hendrich, Suzanne Jane, Jay-Lin Hollis, James Li, Li McClelland, John Moore, Samuel Phillips, Gregory J. Rowling, Matthew Schalinske, Kevin Scott, M. Paul Whitley, Elizabeth M. TI Resistant Starch: Promise for Improving Human Health SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Review ID BUTYRATE-PRODUCING BACTERIA; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D; GERMPLASM LINE GEMS-0067; HUMAN SMALL-INTESTINE; COLONIC DNA-DAMAGE; RAW POTATO STARCH; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; D-BINDING PROTEIN; RATS FED DIETS; LARGE-BOWEL AB Ongoing research to develop digestion-resistant starch for human health promotion integrates the disciplines of starch chemistry, agronomy, analytical chemistry, food science, nutrition, pathology, and microbiology. The objectives of this research include identifying components of starch structure that confer digestion resistance, developing novel plants and starches, and modifying foods to incorporate these starches. Furthermore, recent and ongoing studies address the impact of digestion-resistant starches on the prevention and control of chronic human diseases, including diabetes, colon cancer, and obesity. This review provides a transdisciplinary overview of this field, including a description of types of resistant starches; factors in plants that affect digestion resistance; methods for starch analysis; challenges in developing food products with resistant starches; mammalian intestinal and gut bacterial metabolism; potential effects on gut microbiota; and impacts and mechanisms for the prevention and control of colon cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Although this has been an active area of research and considerable progress has been made, many questions regarding how to best use digestion-resistant starches in human diets for disease prevention must be answered before the full potential of resistant starches can be realized. C1 [Birt, Diane F.; Boylston, Terri; Hendrich, Suzanne; Jane, Jay-Lin; Hollis, James; Li, Li; Moore, Samuel; Rowling, Matthew; Schalinske, Kevin] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McClelland, John] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab USDOE, Ames, IA USA. [McClelland, John] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Phillips, Gregory J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA USA. [Whitley, Elizabeth M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA USA. [Scott, M. Paul] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Birt, DF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dbirt@iastate.edu OI Hendrich, Suzanne/0000-0001-8700-4765 FU Plant Sciences Institute at Iowa State University; USDA NRI/AFRI FX Supported by the Plant Sciences Institute at Iowa State University and the USDA NRI/AFRI project "Effects of Lipids on Physical Properties, Digestibility, and Nutritional Benefits of Starchy Foods." NR 182 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 20 U2 148 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 4 IS 6 BP 587 EP 601 DI 10.3945/an.113.004325 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 253TT UT WOS:000327112900001 PM 24228189 ER PT J AU Dao, MC Meydani, SN AF Dao, Maria Carlota Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Iron Biology, Immunology, Aging, and Obesity: Four Fields Connected by the Small Peptide Hormone Hepcidin SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Review ID BODY-MASS INDEX; REACTIVE PROTEIN-LEVELS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; WEIGHT-LOSS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CHRONIC DISEASE; OLDER-ADULTS; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR AB Iron status and immune response become impaired in situations that involve chronic inflammation, such as obesity or aging. Little is known, however, about the additional burden that obesity may place on the iron status and immune response in the elderly. This question is relevant given the rising numbers of elderly obese (BMI >30 kg/m(2)) individuals and the high prevalence of iron deficiency worldwide. Iron is necessary for proper function of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Hepcidin, a peptide hormone that regulates cellular iron export, is essential for the maintenance of iron homeostasis. Therefore, since immune cells require iron for proper function hepcidin may also play an important role in immune response. In this review, we summarize the evidence for hepcidin as a link between the fields of gerontology, obesity, iron biology, and immunology. We also identify several gaps in knowledge and unanswered questions pertaining to iron homeostasis and immunity in obese populations. Finally, we review studies that have shown the impact of weight loss, focusing on calorie restriction, iron homeostasis, and immunity. These studies are important both in elucidating mechanistic links between obesity and health impairments and identifying possible approaches to target immune impairment and iron deficiency as comorbidities of obesity. C1 [Dao, Maria Carlota; Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dao, MC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU Stanley N. Gershoff Scholarship; National Institutes of Health T32 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease Training Program; USDA [58-1950-0-014] FX Supported by the Stanley N. Gershoff Scholarship, National Institutes of Health T32 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease Training Program, and USDA contract 58-1950-0-014. NR 113 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 4 IS 6 BP 602 EP 617 DI 10.3945/an.113.004424 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 253TT UT WOS:000327112900002 PM 24228190 ER PT J AU Blumberg, JB Camesano, TA Cassidy, A Kris-Etherton, P Howell, A Manach, C Ostertag, LM Sies, H Skulas-Ray, A Vita, JA AF Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Camesano, Terri A. Cassidy, Aedin Kris-Etherton, Penny Howell, Amy Manach, Claudine Ostertag, Luisa M. Sies, Helmut Skulas-Ray, Ann Vita, Joseph A. TI Cranberries and Their Bioactive Constituents in Human Health SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Review ID URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; FIMBRIATED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; HDL-CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; PLASMA ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; DIETARY FLAVONOL INTAKE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AB Recent observational and clinical studies have raised interest in the potential health effects of cranberry consumption, an association that appears to be due to the phytochemical content of this fruit. The profile of cranberry bioactives is distinct from that of other berry fruit, being rich in A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) in contrast to the B-type PACs present in most other fruit. Basic research has suggested a number of potential mechanisms of action of cranberry bioactives, although further molecular studies are necessary. Human studies on the health effects of cranberry products have focused principally on urinary tract and cardiovascular health, with some attention also directed to oral health and gastrointestinal epithelia. Evidence suggesting that cranberries may decrease the recurrence of urinary tract infections is important because a nutritional approach to this condition could lower the use of antibiotic treatment and the consequent development of resistance to these drugs. There is encouraging, but limited, evidence of a cardioprotective effect of cranberries mediated via actions on antioxidant capacity and lipoprotein profiles. The mixed outcomes from clinical studies with cranberry products could result from interventions testing a variety of products, often uncharacterized in their composition of bioactives, using different doses and regimens, as well as the absence of a biomarker for compliance to the protocol. Daily consumption of a variety of fruit is necessary to achieve a healthy dietary pattern, meet recommendations for micronutrient intake, and promote the intake of a diversity of phytochemicals. Berry fruit, including cranberries, represent a rich source of phenolic bioactives that may contribute to human health. C1 [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Camesano, Terri A.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Cassidy, Aedin; Ostertag, Luisa M.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich Med Sch, Dept Nutr, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Kris-Etherton, Penny; Skulas-Ray, Ann] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Howell, Amy] Rutgers State Univ, Marucci Ctr Blueberry Cranberry Res, Chatsworth, NJ USA. [Manach, Claudine] Ctr Rech Clermont Ferrand Theix, INRA, Nutr Humaine UMR1019, St Genes Champanelle, France. [Sies, Helmut] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol 1, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Vita, Joseph A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Evans Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Vita, Joseph A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Whitaker Cardiovasc Inst, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jeffrey.blumberg@tufts.edu FU Cranberry Institute FX The Cranberry Institute offered support for this article by providing an honorarium to each author, except J. A. Vita. J. A. Vita reports no conflicts of interest The Cranberry Institute is a not-for-profit trade association of companies that handle, process, and sell cranberries, with the mission to support cranberry growers and the industry through health, agricultural, and environmental stewardship research, as well as cranberry promotion and education. J. B. Blumberg and H. Sies are members of the Scientific Advisory Board of the U.S. Cranberry Marketing Committee, an instrumentality of the Agriculture Marketing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This is a free access article, distributed under terms (http://www.nutrition.org/publications/guidelines-and-policies/license/) that permit unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. NR 156 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 8 U2 69 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 4 IS 6 BP 618 EP 632 DI 10.3945/an.113.004473 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 253TT UT WOS:000327112900003 PM 24228191 ER PT J AU Wang, J Liu, ZP Li, GQ Li, J Kim, HJ Shelver, WL Li, QX Xu, T AF Wang, Jia Liu, Zhiping Li, Ganqiong Li, Ji Kim, Hee-Joo Shelver, Weilin L. Li, Qing X. Xu, Ting TI Simultaneous development of both competitive and noncompetitive immunoassays for 2,2 ',4,4 '-tetrabromodiphenyl ether using phage-displayed peptides SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2,2 ',4,4 '-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether; Phage-displayed peptide; Competitive phage ELISA; Noncompetitive phage ELISA; Flame retardant AB Twenty-five phages that selectively bind to a monoclonal antibody (Mab) 1H2 specific to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47) in the absence or presence of BDE47 have been selected from phageaEurodisplay libraries containing cyclic 7-mer, linear 7-mer, and linear 12-mer randomized peptides. Competitive and noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for BDE47 were developed by using a clone C7-1 specific to the BDE47-free Mab 1H2 and a clone XC7-8 specific to the BDE47-bound Mab 1H2, respectively. The half-maximum signal inhibition concentration (IC50) of the competitive phage ELISA and the half-maximum signal enhancement concentration (EC50) of the noncompetitive phage ELISA for BDE47 were 6.8 ng mL(-1) and 4.2 ng mL(-1), respectively. The noncompetitive phage ELISA showed higher cross-reactivity with BDE28, BDE99, and BDE100 than the competitive one, ranging between 1.3 and 6.5 % versus 0.3 and 0.8 %. Recoveries of the competitive and the noncompetitive phage ELISAs for BDE47 in sewage sludge and fillet samples were 96-124 % and 97-120 %, respectively. The results of the two types of phage ELISAs for BDE47 in the real-world samples agreed well with a gas chromatography/electron capture detector-ion trap mass spectrometer method. C1 [Wang, Jia; Liu, Zhiping; Xu, Ting] China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Li, Ganqiong] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Informat Inst, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Kim, Hee-Joo] Bayer HealthCare LLC, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM xuting@cau.edu.cn FU National Natural and Science Foundation (NNSF) of China [20977111]; Chinese University Scientific Fund; Special Project on the Integration of Industry, Education and Research of Guangdong Province [2012B091100281] FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural and Science Foundation (NNSF) of China (20977111), the Chinese University Scientific Fund and the Special Project on the Integration of Industry, Education and Research of Guangdong Province (2012B091100281). NR 5 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 405 IS 29 BP 9579 EP 9583 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7364-5 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 254YN UT WOS:000327206100028 PM 24096567 ER PT J AU Kovacs, KF Haight, RG Jung, S Locke, DH O'Neil-Dunne, J AF Kovacs, Kent F. Haight, Robert G. Jung, Suhyun Locke, Dexter H. O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath TI The marginal cost of carbon abatement from planting street trees in New York City SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cost-effectiveness; Carbon; Street trees; New York City ID UNITED-STATES; URBAN TREES; SEQUESTRATION; STORAGE; FORESTS; SINKS; USA AB Urban trees can store carbon through the growth process and reduce fossil fuel use by lowering cooling and heating energy consumption of buildings through the process of transpiration, shading, and the blocking of wind. However, the planting and maintenance of urban trees come at a cost. We estimate the discounted cost of net carbon reductions associated with planting and caring for street trees in New York City (NYC) over 50-and 100-year horizons. Depending on the species planted, the cost of reducing carbon, averaged across planting locations, ranges from $3133 to $8888 per tonne carbon (tC), which is higher than current cost estimates of forest-based carbon sequestration. The London plane tree is the most cost-effective species because of its long life span and large canopy, and the marginal cost of carbon reduction for the species ranges from $1553 to $7396/tC across planting locations. The boroughs of Staten Island and Queens have planting locations with the lowest average costs of carbon reduction ($2657/tC and $2755/tC, respectively), resulting from greater reductions in energy consumption in nearby buildings, which have fewer stories and more residential use than buildings in the other boroughs. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kovacs, Kent F.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jung, Suhyun] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Locke, Dexter H.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Spatial Anal Lab, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Kovacs, KF (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, 216 Agr Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM kkovacs@uark.edu; rhaight@fs.fed.us; jungx219@umn.edu; dexter.locke@gmail.com; joneildu@uvm.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX We thank the NYC Department of Parks and Recreation, and Jacqueline Lu and Kristen King in particular, for completing the forestry expenditure survey and sharing the results. Paula Peper patiently answered questions about the CUFR carbon calculator, and Andrew Newman provided valuable information about the MillionTreesNYC initiative. We thank Jeremy Barrick, Geoffrey Donovan, Jacqueline Lu, David Nowak, and Lynne Westphal for insightful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This work was supported by USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 95 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.08.012 PG 10 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 249KM UT WOS:000326776100001 ER PT J AU Latif, QS Saab, VA Dudley, JG Hollenbeck, JP AF Latif, Quresh S. Saab, Victoria A. Dudley, Jonathan G. Hollenbeck, Jeff P. TI Ensemble modeling to predict habitat suitability for a large-scale disturbance specialist SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Black-backed Woodpeckers; forested habitat management; habitat suitability models; Mahalanobis D-2 models; Maxent models; model prediction in no-analogue environments; Picoides arcticus; resource selection models; species distribution models; wildfire ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; DISTRIBUTIONS; WOODPECKERS; FIRE; CONSERVATION; SELECTION; FUTURE AB To conserve habitat for disturbance specialist species, ecologists must identify where individuals will likely settle in newly disturbed areas. Habitat suitability models can predict which sites at new disturbances will most likely attract specialists. Without validation data from newly disturbed areas, however, the best approach for maximizing predictive accuracy can be unclear (Northwestern U.S.A.). We predicted habitat suitability for nesting Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus; a burned-forest specialist) at 20 recently (6years postwildfire) burned locations in Montana using models calibrated with data from three locations in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. We developed 8 models using three techniques (weighted logistic regression, Maxent, and Mahalanobis D-2 models) and various combinations of four environmental variables describing burn severity, the north-south orientation of topographic slope, and prefire canopy cover. After translating model predictions into binary classifications (0=low suitability to unsuitable, 1=high to moderate suitability), we compiled ensemble predictions, consisting of the number of models (0-8) predicting any given site as highly suitable. The suitability status for 40% of the area burned by eastside Montana wildfires was consistent across models and therefore robust to uncertainty in the relative accuracy of particular models and in alternative ecological hypotheses they described. Ensemble predictions exhibited two desirable properties: (1) a positive relationship with apparent rates of nest occurrence at calibration locations and (2) declining model agreement outside surveyed environments consistent with our reduced confidence in novel (i.e., no-analogue) environments. Areas of disagreement among models suggested where future surveys could help validate and refine models for an improved understanding of Black-backed Woodpecker nesting habitat relationships. Ensemble predictions presented here can help guide managers attempting to balance salvage logging with habitat conservation in burned-forest landscapes where black-backed woodpecker nest location data are not immediately available. Ensemble modeling represents a promising tool for guiding conservation of large-scale disturbance specialists. C1 [Latif, Quresh S.; Saab, Victoria A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Dudley, Jonathan G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Hollenbeck, Jeff P.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Latif, QS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1648 S 7th Ave, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM qlatif@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program; National Fire Plan; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Boise National Forest; Fremont-Winema National Forest; Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest; Pacific Northwest Region; Pacific Northern Region FX This study was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program, National Fire Plan, the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Boise National Forest, Fremont-Winema National Forest, Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, and Pacific Northwest and Northern Regions. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 3 IS 13 BP 4348 EP 4364 DI 10.1002/ece3.790 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 250BE UT WOS:000326824300006 PM 24340177 ER PT J AU Popkin, JH Duke, JM Borchers, AM Ilvento, T AF Popkin, Jennifer H. Duke, Joshua M. Borchers, Allison M. Ilvento, Thomas TI Social costs from proximity to hydraulic fracturing in New York State SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Fracking; Choice experiment; Welfare ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CHOICE EXPERIMENTS; GREEN ELECTRICITY; VALUATION AB The study reports data from an economic choice experiment to determine the likely welfare impacts of hydraulic fracturing, in this case using natural gas extracted by hydraulic fracturing for household electricity. Data were collected from an Internet survey of 515 residents of New York State. The welfare analysis indicated that on average households incur a welfare loss from in-state hydraulic fracturing as the source of their electricity. The evidence suggests that households in shale counties bear more costs from HF electricity than households out of shale counties. The average welfare loss is substantive, estimated at 40-46% of average household electric bills in shale counties and 16-20% of bills in counties without shale. The evidence also suggests that relative proximity to HF well sites also increases cost borne by households. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Popkin, Jennifer H.; Duke, Joshua M.; Ilvento, Thomas] Univ Delaware, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Borchers, Allison M.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Popkin, JH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, 531 S Coll Ave, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM JPopkin@udel.edu FU Hatch project [H633 NR Policies] FX Without attribution of errors, the authors acknowledge Steven Hastings for reactions to a preliminary version of this research. The authors also thank the residents of New York State who participated in the survey. The authors also thank two referees for reactions to an earlier version of the manuscript. The research was supported by a Hatch project (H633 NR Policies). NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 EI 1873-6777 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD NOV PY 2013 VL 62 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.080 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 249IG UT WOS:000326770300008 ER PT J AU Motari, EM Bushkin, GG Dubey, JP Costello, CE Robbins, PW Samuelson, J AF Motari, Edwin M. Bushkin, G. Guy Dubey, Jitender P. Costello, Catherine E. Robbins, Phillips W. Samuelson, John TI The oocyst walls of Toxoplasma have an inner layer of beta-1,3-glucan (like fungi) and an outer layer of acid-fast lipids (like mycobacteria) SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology CY NOV 17-20, 2013 CL St Petersburg, FL SP Soc Glycobiol C1 [Motari, Edwin M.; Robbins, Phillips W.; Samuelson, John] Boston Univ, Sch Dent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bushkin, G. Guy] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dubey, Jitender P.] USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Costello, Catherine E.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 EI 1460-2423 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD NOV PY 2013 VL 23 IS 11 MA 37 BP 1342 EP 1342 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 251YY UT WOS:000326972400047 ER PT J AU Artz, DR Allan, MJ Wardell, GI Pitts-Singer, TL AF Artz, Derek R. Allan, Matthew J. Wardell, Gordon I. Pitts-Singer, Theresa L. TI Nesting site density and distribution affect Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) reproductive success and almond yield in a commercial orchard SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Blue orchard bee; ecosystem services; foraging; fruit set; honey bee; orchard pollination; propagation; Prunus dulcis ID PROPINQUA CRESSON; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; APPLE ORCHARDS; BEE; POLLINATION; RESOURCES; HONEY; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; INCREASES AB The potential of commercially managed, native blue orchard bees, Osmia lignaria, to augment honey bees in orchard pollination depends on various factors, particularly how to enhance O. lignaria retention while optimising even pollination throughout orchards by varying their stocking density and nesting site distribution. In 2011, we investigated how artificial nest box density and the number of cavities within nest boxes influenced O. lignaria retention and reproduction in a 61ha almond orchard pollinated by a mixture of O. lignaria and Apis mellifera in the southern Central Valley of California. We assessed how localised O. lignaria nesting affected total nut yield. Retention of O. lignaria females was significantly greater in orchard areas with high density nest boxes compared with areas with low density nest boxes. Females preferred to nest in high density (low cavity) nest boxes compared to low density (high cavity) nest boxes. All measures of O. lignaria reproductive success were greater in orchard areas with high density nest boxes than areas with low density nest boxes. Localised O. lignaria foraging and nesting activity influenced nut yield by producing more nuts in orchard areas with high density nest boxes compared with low density nest boxes, although differences in nut yield just failed to meet statistical significance. Results of this study show that the density and distribution of nest boxes for nesting O. lignaria females can strongly influence the reproductive success of an alternative, managed bee pollinator in a large production orchard. C1 [Artz, Derek R.; Pitts-Singer, Theresa L.] USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Allan, Matthew J.] Pacific Pollinat, LLC, El Dorado, AR USA. [Wardell, Gordon I.] Paramount Farming Co, Bakersfield, CA USA. RP Artz, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Derek.Artz@ars.usda.gov OI Quicke, Donald/0000-0003-4471-6775 NR 47 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-458X EI 1752-4598 J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 6 IS 6 BP 715 EP 724 DI 10.1111/icad.12026 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 254ZF UT WOS:000327208100008 ER PT J AU Weyand, PG Smith, BR Schultz, NS Ludlow, LW Puyau, MR Butte, NF AF Weyand, Peter G. Smith, Bethany R. Schultz, Nicole S. Ludlow, Lindsay W. Puyau, Maurice R. Butte, Nancy F. TI Predicting metabolic rate across walking speed: one fit for all body sizes? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy expenditure; height; weight; gait; biomechanics; generalized equation; algorithm ID TO-STEP TRANSITIONS; ENERGY-COST; TREADMILL WALKING; HUMAN LOCOMOTION; MECHANICAL WORK; PREFERRED SPEED; AEROBIC DEMAND; GRADE WALKING; OXYGEN COST; CHILDREN AB We formulated a "one-size-fits-all" model that predicts the energy requirements of level human walking from height, weight, and walking speed. Our three-component model theorizes that the energy expended per kilogram per stride is independent of stature at mechanically equivalent walking speeds. We measured steady-state rates of oxygen uptake of 78 subjects who spanned a nearly twofold range of statures (1.07-2.11 m) and sevenfold range of body masses (16-112 kg) at treadmill speeds from 0.4 to 1.9 m/s. We tested the size independence of the model by deriving best-fit equations in the form of the model on four stature groups (n >= 15): short, moderately short, moderately tall, and tall. The mean walking metabolic rates predicted by these four independently derived equations for the same set of reference subjects (n = 16; stature range: 1.30-1.90 m) agreed with one another to within an average of 5.2 +/- 3.7% at the four intermediate speeds in our protocol. We next evaluated the model's gross predictive accuracy by dividing our 78 subjects into 39 stature-matched pairs of experimental and validation group subjects. The model best-fit equation derived on the experimental group subjects predicted the walking metabolic rates of the validation group subjects to within an average of 8.1 +/- 6.7% (R-2 = 0.90; standard error of estimate = 1.34 ml O-2.kg(-1).min(-1)). The predictive error of the American College of Sports Medicine equation (18.0 +/- 13.1%), which does not include stature as a predictor, was more than twice as large for the same subject group. We conclude that the energy cost of level human walking can be accurately predicted from height, weight, and walking speed. C1 [Weyand, Peter G.; Schultz, Nicole S.; Ludlow, Lindsay W.] So Methodist Univ, Locomotor Performance Lab, Dept Appl Physiol & Wellness, Dallas, TX 75206 USA. [Smith, Bethany R.] St Lukes Episcopal Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Puyau, Maurice R.; Butte, Nancy F.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Weyand, PG (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Locomotor Performance Lab, Dept Appl Physiol & Wellness, 5538 Dyer St, Dallas, TX 75206 USA. EM pweyand@smu.edu FU Medical and Materiel command of the United States DOD [DAMD17-03-2-005]; Southern Methodist University FX This work was made possible in part from grant DAMD17-03-2-005 from the Medical and Materiel command of the United States DOD and internal funds from Southern Methodist University to P. G. Weyand. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 EI 1522-1601 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 115 IS 9 BP 1332 EP 1342 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01333.2012 PG 11 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 246XV UT WOS:000326576000015 PM 23928111 ER PT J AU Macarisin, D Patel, J Bauchan, G Giron, JA Ravishankar, S AF Macarisin, Dumitru Patel, Jitendra Bauchan, Gary Giron, Jorge A. Ravishankar, Sadhana TI Effect of Spinach Cultivar and Bacterial Adherence Factors on Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Spinach Leaves SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; POPULATION SIZES; LEAF SURFACES; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; EPIPHYTIC BACTERIA; BIOFILM FORMATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ALFALFA SPROUTS AB Similar to phytopathogens, human bacterial pathogens have been shown to colonize the plant phylloplane. In addition to environmental factors, such as temperature, UV, relative humidity, etc., the plant cultivar and, specifically, the leaf blade morphological characteristics may affect the persistence of enteropathogens on leafy greens. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cultivar-dependent leaf topography and the role of strain phenotypic characteristics on Escherichia coli O157:H7 persistence on organic spinach. Spinach cultivars Emilia, Lazio, Space, and Waitiki were experimentally inoculated with the foodborne E. coli O157:H7 isolate EDL933 and its isogenic mutants deficient in cellulose, curli, or both curli and cellulose production. Leaves of 6-week-old plants were inoculated with 6.5 log CFU per leaf in a biosafety level 2 growth chamber. At 0, 1, 7, and 14 days, E. coli O157:H7 populations were determined by plating on selective medium and verified by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Leaf morphology (blade roughness and stoma density) was evaluated by low-temperature and variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy. E. coli O157:H7 persistence on spinach was significantly affected by cultivar and strain phenotypic characteristics, specifically, the expression of curli. Leaf blade roughness and stoma density influenced the persistence of E. coli O157:H7 on spinach. Cultivar Waitiki, which had the greatest leaf roughness, supported significantly higher E. coli O157:H7 populations than the other cultivars. These two morphological characteristics of spinach cultivars should be taken into consideration in developing intervention strategies to enhance the microbial safety of leafy greens. C1 [Macarisin, Dumitru; Patel, Jitendra] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bauchan, Gary] ARS, USDA, Elect & Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Giron, Jorge A.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Ravishankar, Sadhana] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Patel, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 201,Beltsville Agr Res C, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitu.patel@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Organic Research and Extension Initiative competitive grant [2010-51300-21760] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Organic Research and Extension Initiative competitive grant no. 2010-51300-21760. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 25 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1829 EP 1837 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-556 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 253NV UT WOS:000327096000002 PM 24215684 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Meinersmann, RJ Frank, JF AF Berrang, M. E. Meinersmann, R. J. Frank, J. F. TI Use of Germicidal UV Light To Reduce Low Numbers of Listeria monocytogenes on Raw Chicken Meat SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID POULTRY-PROCESSING PLANT; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; CONTAMINATION; CAMPYLOBACTER; PRODUCTS; EFFICACY; LEVEL AB Listeria monocytogenes is a common constituent of the microbiological community in poultry processing plants and can be found in low numbers on raw poultry. Raw meat is the most important source of this pathogen in commercial cooking facilities. Germicidal UV light was tested as a means to kill L. monocytogenes inoculated onto broiler breast fillets. Treatments at 800 mu W/cm(2) for 5 s to 5 min of exposure were tested against inocula of 35 to 60 cells per fillet. All fillets were sampled by rinsing in enrichment broth, and surviving pathogens were quantified using most-probable-number (MPN) analysis. Five replications each with 5 fillets per treatment were analyzed to achieve 25 sample fillets per treatment. All treatment times resulted in a significant decrease in L. monocytogenes numbers compared with paired untreated controls. Treated samples retained 0.2 to 1.5 MPN L. monocytogenes per fillet, and exposure time had no significant effect on the number of surviving cells. A 5-s treatment with germicidal UV light has potential as an intervention method to limit the transfer of L. monocytogenes on raw skinless breast fillets from a slaughter plant to a cooking plant. C1 [Berrang, M. E.; Meinersmann, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Frank, J. F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mark.berrang@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 23 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1969 EP 1971 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-181 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 253NV UT WOS:000327096000021 PM 24215703 ER PT J AU Krueger, ES Baker, JM Ochsner, TE Wente, CD Feyereisen, GW Reicosky, DC AF Krueger, E. S. Baker, J. M. Ochsner, T. E. Wente, C. D. Feyereisen, G. W. Reicosky, D. C. TI On-farm environmental assessment of corn silage production systems receiving liquid dairy manure SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE corn; cover crop; dairy; manure; subsurface drainage ID RYE COVER CROP; SOIL TEST PHOSPHORUS; REDUCE NITRATE LOSS; ORGANIC-CARBON; HYBRID INFLUENCE; CATTLE MANURE; TILE DRAINAGE; FORAGE YIELD; RUNOFF; WATER AB Increased corn (Zea mays L.) silage and manure production accompanying the proliferation of large dairies has prompted concern regarding their environmental impacts. The objectives of this on-farm, field-scale study were (1) to quantify environmental impacts, e. g., soil chemical properties and offsite nutrient transport, of corn silage production with dairy manure application on artificially drained soils and (2) to assess the environmental benefits of and agronomic constraints on the adoption of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover cropping by a large dairy in west central Minnesota. From 2007 to 2009, corn for silage was grown on two adjacent 65 ha (160 ac) fields, with rye planted after corn on one field in 2007. Liquid manure was fall applied annually at average total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) rates of 410 and 98 kg ha(-1) (365 and 87 lb ac(-1)), respectively. Soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and Olsen P accumulation did not occur with the studied cropping systems, but average annual NO3-N and dissolved reactive P (DRP) subsurface drainage loads were 52 and 0.8 kg ha(-1) y(-1) (46 and 0.7 lb ac(-1) yr(-1)), respectively. Soil organic carbon (C) concentration was maintained on the field without rye and increased 15% to a depth of 15 cm (6 in) on the field with rye, but C additions with manure likely contributed to the increase. Rye reduced spring soil NO3-N by 46% and increased ground cover an average of fourfold compared with winter fallow. Subsurface drainage NO3-N concentration was reduced from 53 mg L-1 (53 ppm) without rye to 39 mg L-1 (39 ppm) with rye, but rye had no impact on DRP concentration. Rye aboveground dry matter yield was 2 Mg ha(-1) (0.9 tn ac(-1)). Corn dry matter yield was 16%, or 2.7 Mg ha(-1) (1.2 tn ac(-1)), lower after rye than after winter fallow. This reduced yield and the persistence of high NO3-N and DRP concentrations in subsurface drainage with rye indicate alternative conservation practices are warranted at this site. In general, cover cropping with winter rye provided environmental benefits over corn silage alone but also increased economic risks. C1 [Krueger, E. S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Baker, J. M.; Feyereisen, G. W.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN USA. [Ochsner, T. E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Wente, C. D.; Reicosky, D. C.] USDA ARS, Morris, MN USA. RP Krueger, ES (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. FU USDA ARS through the St. Paul, Minnesota; USDA ARS through the Morris, Minnesota; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors thank the operators of the cooperating dairy farm for allowing us field access for sample collection and for performing agronomic management during the study. We thank Todd Schumacher, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), St. Paul, Minnesota, for his assistance in all aspects of data collection for this study. We also thank Steve Wagner, USDA ARS, Morris, Minnesota, for his assistance with watershed delineation and site mapping, and Seth Miller USDA ARS, Morris, Minnesota, for his assistance with data collection. We thank Jamis J. Perrett, Texas A& M University Statistics Department, College Station, Texas, for his assistance with the statistical analyses. Funding was provided by USDA ARS through the St. Paul, Minnesota, and Morris, Minnesota, locations and by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 68 IS 6 BP 438 EP 449 DI 10.2489/jswc.68.6.438 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254QT UT WOS:000327181100006 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Nelson, NO AF Ippolito, J. A. Nelson, N. O. TI Assessment of phosphorus retention in irrigation laterals SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE coulee; irrigation lateral; retention; soluble reactive phosphorus; transport ID STREAM NUTRIENT RETENTION; SEDIMENT; PHOSPHATE; LIMITATION; ADDITIONS; DYNAMICS; RELEASE; RIVERS; INPUTS; CREEK AB Irrigation laterals transport irrigation return flow, including water, sediment, and dissolved nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), back to surface water bodies. Phosphorus transformations during transport can affect both P bioavailability and the best management practices selected to minimize P inputs to waters of the United States. The objective of this study was to determine P retention in three irrigation laterals. Soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations in lateral waters were increased from 0.08 to 0.25 mg L-1 (0.08 to 0.25 ppm) by constantly injecting a phosphate (PO4) solution for 2.5 hours. Bromide (Br) was used as a conservative tracer to determine dilution effects. Water was sampled at 10-minute intervals, beginning 30 minutes prior to injection and 120 minutes following injection, at one upstream location and various downstream locations to approximately 1,550 m (similar to 1 mi) from injection sites. When at steady state, SRP concentrations only decreased by 5% over the lengths studied, equating to P uptake lengths of over 18 km (11.2 mi), which was one to two orders of magnitude greater than natural streams; the linear SRP uptake rate was 0.011 mg L-1 km(-1) (0.018 ppm mi(-1)). Longer P uptake lengths and lower uptake rates in irrigation laterals, as compared to natural streams, may be due to the elevated sediment equilibrium P concentration, greater water velocities, and removal of vegetation causing a reduction in frictional resistance. Reducing water velocities should optimize irrigation lateral conditions to reduce uptake length and maximize P uptake. C1 [Ippolito, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab Kimberly, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Nelson, N. O.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab Kimberly, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 68 IS 6 BP 450 EP 459 DI 10.2489/jswc.68.6.450 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254QT UT WOS:000327181100007 ER PT J AU Endale, DM Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA Seman, DS Franklin, DH Schomberg, HH AF Endale, D. M. Franzluebbers, A. J. Stuedemann, J. A. Seman, D. S. Franklin, D. H. Schomberg, H. H. TI Runoff under natural rainfall from small tall fescue catchments in the Georgia Piedmont, United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE broiler litter; endophyte; ergot alkaloid; grazing; hydrology; pasture ID WATER-QUALITY; SOUTHERN PIEDMONT; ORGANIC-CARBON; SOIL CARBON; ENDOPHYTE; NITROGEN; PASTURE; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZATION; ASSOCIATION AB The environmental outcomes from tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum [Schreb.] Darbysh.) pastures managed with different levels of endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) infection and choices of harvest and fertilization methods are not well known. We monitored runoff from 14 tall fescue paddocks, 0.9 to 1.1 ha (2.2 to 2.7 ac) each, from April of 2002 to April of 2010 near Watkinsville in the Georgia Piedmont. Three grazed Jesup tall fescue-endpohyte associations (endophyte infected high alkaloid-Wild, endophyte infected low alkaloid-MaxQ, and endophyte free-Free), and two sources of fertilization (inorganic and broiler litter), were replicated twice in a randomized block design. A replicated hayed treatment was planted to Jesup MaxQ with inorganic fertilization as a grazing control. Drought reduced the maximum number of runoff events to 77. A Standardized Precipitation Index analysis showed that the degree of drought was dependent on the time scale considered. The near normal period peaked at a 1-month (74%) scale and was least at a 9-month time scale (32%). Considering a 1-month time scale, there were on average 4 times as many runoff events per month during the near normal, and 16 times as many during the wet and wetter period, as those in the dry and drier period. Fertilizer and fertilizer by fescue interactions in grazed paddocks had significant effect on runoff, whereas main effects of fescue type and harvest methods (graze versus hay) did not. Inorganically fertilized paddocks had 30% greater runoff than those with broiler litter fertilization. The largest runoff amount occurred with inorganic fertilizer and endophyte-free fescue, suggesting a combined impact of reduced persistence of the endophyte-free fescue, with low organic matter input from the inorganic fertilizer. Grazing of Piedmont pastures with MaxQ-endophyte association of tall fescue, and fertilized with broiler litter, does not appear to pose additional risk for runoff, compared to tall fescue pastures under the common wild-type-endophyte association that are hayed or grazed, and fertilized inorganically or with broiler litter. These results further support a previous recommendation for increased adoption of MaxQ with broiler litter fertilization in the southeastern United States, because of excellent average daily gain by cattle and stand persistence of MaxQ. C1 [Endale, D. M.] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Franzluebbers, A. J.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Stuedemann, J. A.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA USA. [Seman, D. S.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Franklin, D. H.] Univ Georgia, Crop & Soil Sci Dept, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schomberg, H. H.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Endale, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-IA0200ER63021]; USDA National Research Initiative, Soil Processes Program [2007-35107-17868] FX The research was supported in part by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-IA0200ER63021, and USDA National Research Initiative, Soil Processes Program, Grant No. 2007-35107-17868. We are very grateful to Stephen Norris, physical science technician, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Athens, Georgia, for his vital role in running, maintaining, and managing the monitoring system and downloading, processing. and archiving all the hydrologic data. We gratefully acknowledge the competent technical support provided by Steve Knapp, biological science technician, USDA ARS, Athens, Georgia; Eric Elsner, superintendent, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension, Athens, Georgia; Robert Sheats, retired, USDA ARS, Watkinsville, Georgia; Fred Hale, retired, USDA ARS, Watkinsville, Georgia; the Land Herd Management crew headed by Clara Parker, farm manager, USDA ARS, Athens, Georgia, and students and other technical staff at the Center. The help of Deborah Beese, retired, USDA ARS, Watkinsville, Georgia, with GPS/ GIS work and analyses is much appreciated. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 68 IS 6 BP 474 EP 486 DI 10.2489/jswc.68.6.474 PG 13 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254QT UT WOS:000327181100009 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV Shipitalo, MJ AF Bonta, J. V. Shipitalo, M. J. TI Curve numbers for long-term no-till corn and agricultural practices with high watershed infiltration SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; cover crops; earthworms; hay production; meadow; organic agriculture ID STOVER REMOVAL; SOIL; RUNOFF; MACROPORES; MOVEMENT; BURROWS; FIELD; OHIO AB The Curve Number (CN) method is an engineering and land management tool for estimating surface runoff from rainstorms. We investigated CN under continuous longterm no-till corn (Zea mays L.; watershed WS191) and compared it with other potentially high infiltration agricultural practices using data from three experimental watersheds (average area = 0.74 ha [1.83 ac]) at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed (NAEW) near Coshocton, Ohio. Practices compared were wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and first-and second- year meadow as part of a 4-year corn-wheat-meadow-meadow rotation (CWMM), continuous meadow, and continuous no-till corn, mulch-tilled corn, and conventionally tilled corn (i.e., moldboard plow). Double-mass curves of runoff for no-till and permanent meadow documented the significant and immediate reduction in runoff from the no-till management. Runoff was generated at a rate of 4.9 mm y(-1) (0.19 in yr-1) during the no-till period compared with permanent pasture at 44 mm y-1 (1.73 in yr(-1)) (no-till was 11% of the meadow rate). The asymptotic CN (CNi) for the 48-year record of continuous no-till corn practice at WS191 decreased substantially to 66.3 (-24.3 CN units) from the period of conventional corn in rotation on the same site. The Natural Resources Conservation Service handbook value for no-till CN was 16 CN units larger at 82. The larger than expected reduction in CN was probably due the presence of a thriving earthworm population and numerous earthworm-created macropores that enhance infiltration. The CN for the mulchtilled corn culture treatment (74.6) was lower than conventional corn (90.6 largest) by 16 CN units. CN was surprisingly high (77.4) for a watershed in continuous meadow, which was similar to mulch-tilled corn. The wheat years in rotation also had some of the smallest CN values (63.7), suggesting a smaller CN for a practice similar to that used in organic agriculture today. Continuous no-till corn had a slightly larger CN (66.3) than meadow (61.9) in the CWMM rotation, suggesting that simple grass establishment can be as effective as longterm no-till to reduce runoff. CN of approximately 60 was the lowest found. The results are applicable for areas of similar terrain, management practices, geology, soils, subsoil permeability, and climate of the NAEW watersheds. Differences between handbook and measured CN suggest that local values are more representative than handbook values. C1 [Bonta, J. V.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. [Shipitalo, M. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Soil Water & Air Resources Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. FU School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona FX The author appreciates guidance on CN determination provided by R. H. Hawkins, professor emeritus, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, and guidance on statistics provided by Deborah Boykin, statistician, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, Mississippi. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 68 IS 6 BP 487 EP 500 DI 10.2489/jswc.68.6.487 PG 14 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254QT UT WOS:000327181100010 ER PT J AU Hernandez, M Nearing, MA Stone, JJ Pierson, FB Wei, H Spaeth, KE Heilman, P Weltz, MA Goodrich, DC AF Hernandez, M. Nearing, M. A. Stone, J. J. Pierson, F. B. Wei, H. Spaeth, K. E. Heilman, P. Weltz, M. A. Goodrich, D. C. TI Application of a rangeland soil erosion model using National Resources Inventory data in southeastern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation; hydrology; landscapes; rangeland health; Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model; soil erosion ID CONSERVATION PRACTICES; SPATIAL-PATTERN; ROCK FRAGMENTS; STABLE STATES; THRESHOLDS; ECOSYSTEMS; RUNOFF; WATER; DESERTIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Rangelands comprise a large portion of the western United States. They are important for providing ecosystem services such as sources of clean water and air, wildlife habitat, ecosystem biodiversity, recreation, and aesthetics. The National Resources Inventory (NRI) is a primary data source for ongoing assessment of nonfederal land in the United States, including rangelands, and the data collected during an NRI assessment is typical of rangeland monitoring conducted by managers. This study outlines a methodology for using that type of monitoring data to run a rangeland hydrology and erosion model in order to estimate the relative soil erosion rates across ecosystems located in the American Southwest. The model was run on 134 NRI rangeland field locations with data collected between 2003 and 2006 in Major Land Resource Area 41, the Southeastern Arizona Basin and Range, which is a diverse ecological area of 40,765 km(2) (15, 739 mi(2)) in the transition zone between the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts. Results of the study showed that the data collected was adequate to run the model and effectively assess the influence of foliar cover, ground cover, plant life forms, soils, and topography on current soil erosion rates. Results suggested that the model could be further improved with additional measured experimental data on infiltration, runoff, and soil erosion within key ecological sites in order to better quantify model parameters to reflect ecosystem changes and risk of crossing interdependent biotic and abiotic thresholds. C1 [Hernandez, M.; Wei, H.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nearing, M. A.; Stone, J. J.; Heilman, P.; Goodrich, D. C.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Pierson, F. B.] USDA ARS, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Spaeth, K. E.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Weltz, M. A.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV USA. RP Hernandez, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service FX Funding for this project was made available by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 27 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 68 IS 6 BP 512 EP 525 DI 10.2489/jswc.68.6.512 PG 14 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254QT UT WOS:000327181100012 ER PT J AU Au, LE Rogers, GT Harris, SS Dwyer, JT Jacques, PF Sacheck, JM AF Au, Lauren E. Rogers, Gail T. Harris, Susan S. Dwyer, Johanna T. Jacques, Paul F. Sacheck, Jennifer M. TI Associations of Vitamin D Intake with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Overweight and Racially/Ethnically Diverse US Children SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article DE Vitamin D intake; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Obesity; Children; Ethnically diverse ID D DEFICIENCY; ADULTS; OBESITY; HEALTH AB Overweight children and minorities are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Little information exists on whether overweight children and minorities who do not meet dietary vitamin D recommendations are at risk for low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (250HD) status. Vitamin D intake from foods and dietary supplements was estimated in 3,310 children/ adolescents who were examined as part of the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weight status was dichotomized into healthy weight or overweight/obese. Parent-reported race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, or other. Adjusted logistic regression was used to determine whether children who did not achieve the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were at increased risk for inadequate 250HD. Nearly 75% of children failed to meet the EAR. Overall, not meeting the EAR was associated with inadequate 250HD (odds ratio=2.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 4.5). However, this association differed by weight status (P=0.02) and race/ethnicity (P=0.02). Overweight/obese children who failed to meet the EAR were five times more likely to be at risk for inadequate 250HD than overweight/obese children who met it (95% CI 2.0 to 12.7; P<0.001). Non-Hispanic blacks with intakes below the EAR were nearly four times more likely to be at risk for inadequate 250HD than those who met the EAR (95% CI 1.5 to 9.7; P<0.01). The majority of US children failed to meet current vitamin D recommendations. Overweight/ obese and non-Hispanic black children were especially likely to be at risk for inadequate 250HD when not consuming the EAR. C1 [Au, Lauren E.; Harris, Susan S.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; Jacques, Paul F.; Sacheck, Jennifer M.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rogers, Gail T.; Harris, Susan S.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; Jacques, Paul F.] Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Au, LE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lauren.au@alumni.tufts.edu OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU US Department of Agriculture Doctoral Fellowship in Obesity [DAG700] FX The study was sponsored by an unrestricted educational grant from Gerber. The corresponding author also received a US Department of Agriculture Doctoral Fellowship in Obesity no. DAG700. The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose. None of the authors received an honorarium, grant, or other form of payment to produce this manuscript. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 113 IS 11 BP 1511 EP 1516 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2013.05.025 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 253QH UT WOS:000327103900011 PM 23916971 ER PT J AU Parmenter, BJ Raymond, J Dinnen, P Lusby, RJ Singh, MAF AF Parmenter, Belinda J. Raymond, Jacqueline Dinnen, Paul Lusby, Robert J. Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI High-Intensity Progressive Resistance Training Improves Flat-Ground Walking in Older Adults with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE claudication; weight training; exercise; peripheral arterial disease ID ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX; INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION; LOWER-EXTREMITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; OCCLUSIVE DISEASE; 6-MINUTE WALK; EXERCISE; STRENGTH; PERFORMANCE AB ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of whole-body progressive resistance training (PRT) as a treatment for the symptoms of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in older adults. DesignRandomized controlled pilot trial. SettingUniversity clinical weight training facility in Sydney, Australia. ParticipantsTwenty-two older adults with symptomatic PAD. InterventionsThe efficacy of supervised whole-body high-intensity PRT (H-PRT) with low-intensity nonprogressive resistance training (L-RT) and a usual care control group that performed unsupervised walking for 6months was compared. MeasurementsPilot outcome measures included 6-minute walk (6MW) outcomes, body composition, dynamic muscle strength and endurance, and performance-based tests of function. ResultsMean age was 71.17.2. Mean ankle brachial index was 0.55 +/- 0.13. Exercise adherence was similar in all groups (P=.29). H-PRT (n=8) improved total 6MW distance (mean difference (MD) 62.6 +/- 58.0m, P=.02) significantly more than L-RT (n=7; MD=-48.2 +/- 67.6m) and controls (n=7; MD=-9.9 +/- 52.9m). Change in 6MW onset of claudication was significantly and independently related to change in bilateral calf endurance (correlation coefficient (r)=0.65, P=.03), and change in 6MW distance was significantly and independently related to change in bilateral hip extensor endurance (r=0.71, P=.02) in all groups. ConclusionH-PRT significantly improved 6MW ability in older adults with intermittent claudication from PAD, whereas L-RT and unsupervised walking did not. Improvement in walking ability was significantly related to improvements in bilateral calf and hip extensor endurance, supporting further investigations targeted at musculoskeletal impairment in this cohort. C1 [Parmenter, Belinda J.; Raymond, Jacqueline; Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. [Parmenter, Belinda J.] Univ New S Wales, Fac Med, Exercise Physiol Unit, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. [Dinnen, Paul] Gold Coast Vasc Ctr, Ashmore, Qld, Australia. [Lusby, Robert J.; Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Parmenter, BJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Fac Med, Sch Med Sci, Exercise Physiol Unit, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM b.parmenter@unsw.edu.au OI Parmenter, Belinda/0000-0001-8013-5658 FU Tom Penrose Community; ESSA FX REPAIR IT has been funded in part by the Tom Penrose Community and Service Grant of the ESSA. REPAIR IT was conducted at Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Results from this paper were presented at the 18th Congress of the European College of Sports Science, Barcelona, Spain, June 26 to 29, 2013. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-8614 EI 1532-5415 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 61 IS 11 BP 1964 EP 1970 DI 10.1111/jgs.12500 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 251VZ UT WOS:000326961300017 PM 24219197 ER PT J AU Yang, JY Cushman, SA Yang, J Yang, MB Bao, TJ AF Yang, Jiuyan Cushman, Samuel A. Yang, Jie Yang, Mingbo Bao, Tiejun TI Effects of climatic gradients on genetic differentiation of Caragana on the Ordos Plateau, China SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caragana; Landscape genetics; Adaptive radiation; Gene flow; Climate gradients ID PARAPATRIC SPECIATION; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; MANTEL TEST; FLOW; DIVERGENCE; REGRESSION; PHENOLOGY; INFERENCE; DISTANCE; ISLAND AB The genus Caragana (Fabr.) in the Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, China, provides a strong opportunity to investigate patterns of genetic differentiation along steep climatic gradients, and to identify the environmental factors most likely to be responsible for driving the radiation. This study used a factorial, multi-model approach to evaluate alternative hypotheses and identify the combination of environmental factors that appear to drive genetic divergence of Caragana in the Ordos Plateau. We had three specific hypotheses. First, we expected that gradients of changing climate would act as resistant factors limiting gene flow, and would provide stronger prediction of genetic differentiation than isolation by distance. Second, we expected that variation in precipitation would be a stronger predictor of genetic differentiation among populations than variation in temperature. Third, we expected that the pattern of phylogenetic differences, in terms of derived versus ancestral states of rachis and leaf shape, would be highly correlated with these gradients of changing precipitation, reflecting adaptive radiation along gradients of changing precipitation driven by reduced gene flow and differential patterns of directional selection. As we expected, variation in precipitation was a much stronger predictor of genetic differentiation than were other climatic variables or isolation by distance. The pattern of phylogenetic differentiation among Caragana species is also closely associated with gradients of changing patterns of precipitation, suggesting that differential precipitation plays a major role in driving the genetic differentiation and adaptive radiation of the Caragana genus in the region of the Ordos Plateau. C1 [Yang, Jiuyan; Yang, Jie; Yang, Mingbo; Bao, Tiejun] Inner Mongolia Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hohhot 010021, Peoples R China. [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM yangjy1122@sina.com; scushman@fs.fed.us FU Science Foundation of Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011BAC07B01] FX This work was supported by Science Foundation of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2011BAC07B01). NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1729 EP 1741 DI 10.1007/s10980-013-9913-x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 251KD UT WOS:000326926400008 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ Kubiske, ME Sturtevant, BR Miranda, BR AF Gustafson, Eric J. Kubiske, Mark E. Sturtevant, Brian R. Miranda, Brian R. TI Scaling Aspen-FACE experimental results to century and landscape scales SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspen-FACE; Scaling; Global change; Ozone pollution; Forest composition; Carbon dynamics; Forest landscape modeling; LANDIS-II ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC LIGHT RESPONSE; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; SIMULATION-MODEL; GROWTH-RESPONSES; NITROGEN UPTAKE; AND/OR O-3; ECOSYSTEM; BIOMASS AB The Aspen-FACE experiment generated 11 years of empirical data on the effect of CO2 enrichment and elevated ozone on the growth of field-grown trees (maple, birch and six aspen clones) in northern Wisconsin, but it is not known how these short-term plot-level responses might play out at the landscape scale over multiple decades where competition, succession and disturbances interact with tree-level responses. In this study we used a forest landscape model (LANDIS-II) to scale these site level results to broader temporal and spatial scales. These general principles emerged from the results. (1) The productivity of taxa under future conditions is the primary determinant of short-term taxon dominance. (2) Longer-term, longevity and shade tolerance may supersede productivity as the determinant of importance, depending on the disturbance regime. This result offers hope that, even in the face of atmospheric changes, managers may have some control over future forest composition and carbon sequestration through modification of disturbance regimes. (3) Changes in the abundance of taxa were mostly gradual and none of the taxa were extirpated from the landscape, even under treatments for which they were poorly adapted. This suggests that as atmospheric conditions change, abrupt extirpations are expected to be rare. (4) Similarly, different taxa fared relatively well under different treatments. This suggests that maintaining species and genetic diversity is a prudent forest management strategy in the face of global change. (5) Accounting for spatial processes is important because seed dispersal and establishment may limit the ability of some species to colonize available habitat. C1 [Gustafson, Eric J.; Kubiske, Mark E.; Sturtevant, Brian R.; Miranda, Brian R.] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI USA. EM egustafson@fs.fed.us FU Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER62125, DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AI02-09ER64717]; US Forest Service Northern Global Change Program; Canadian Forest Service FX We thank Sue Lietz for technical assistance processing LANDIS inputs and outputs. We thank Jonathan Thompson, Jeffrey Herrick and several anonymous reviewers for critique of the manuscript. Funding provided by the Northern Research Station. The Aspen-FACE experiment was principally supported by the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-95ER62125 to Michigan Technological University; Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 to Brookhaven National Laboratory; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-09ER64717 to the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station; the US Forest Service Northern Global Change Program; and the Canadian Forest Service. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1785 EP 1800 DI 10.1007/s10980-013-9921-x PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 251KD UT WOS:000326926400012 ER PT J AU Collins, BM Roller, GB AF Collins, Brandon M. Roller, Gary B. TI Early forest dynamics in stand-replacing fire patches in the northern Sierra Nevada, California, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fire ecology; High severity; Tree regeneration; Mixed-conifer ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; TREE REGENERATION; SOUTHERN CASCADES; WILDLAND FIRES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; BURN SEVERITY AB There is considerable concern over the occurrence of stand-replacing fire in forest types historically associated with low- to moderate-severity fire. The concern is largely over whether contemporary levels of stand-replacing fire are outside the historical range of variability, and what natural forest recovery is in these forest types following stand-replacing fire. In this study we quantified shrub characteristics and tree regeneration patterns in stand-replacing patches for five fires in the northern Sierra Nevada. These fires occurred between 1999 and 2008, and our field measurements were conducted in 2010. We analyzed tree regeneration patterns at two scales: patch level, in which field observations and spatial data were aggregated for a given stand-replacing patch, and plot level. Although tree regeneration densities varied considerably across sampled fires, over 50 % of the patches and approximately 80 % all plots had no tree regeneration. The percentage of patches, and to a greater extent plots, without pine regeneration was even higher, 72 and 87 %, respectively. Hardwood regeneration was present on a higher proportion of plots than either the pine or non-pine conifer groups. Shrub cover was generally high, with approximately 60 % of both patches and individual plots exceeding 60 % cover. Patch characteristics (size, perimeter-to-area ratio, distance-to-edge) appeared to have little effect on observed tree regeneration patterns. Conifer regeneration was higher in areas with post-fire management activities (salvage harvesting, planting). Our results indicate that the natural return of pine/mixed-conifer forests is uncertain in many areas affected by stand-replacing fire. C1 [Collins, Brandon M.; Roller, Gary B.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Collins, BM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM bmcollins@fs.fed.us FU Storrie Fire Restoration Project; Plumas-Lassen Administration Study FX We would like to thank Christopher Dow and Anu Kramer for their assistance in the field under some of the toughest field sampling conditions we have been involved in. Anu Kramer also helped with GIS support. Jay Miller kindly provided the pre-fire vegetation maps. We thank the Plumas National Forest staff, in particular Ryan Tompkins, for providing information and input on this work. This work was funded by the Storrie Fire Restoration Project and the Plumas-Lassen Administration Study. NR 85 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1801 EP 1813 DI 10.1007/s10980-013-9923-8 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 251KD UT WOS:000326926400013 ER PT J AU Zhu, Y Dumroese, RK Pinto, JR Li, GL Liu, Y AF Zhu, Y. Dumroese, R. K. Pinto, J. R. Li, G. L. Liu, Y. TI Fall fertilization enhanced nitrogen storage and translocation in Larix olgensis seedlings SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Fertilizer use efficiency; Deciduous forest seedling; Nitrogen storage; Nutrient translocation ID LATE-SEASON FERTILIZATION; PICEA-MARIANA SEEDLINGS; EXPONENTIAL FERTILIZATION; OUTPLANTING PERFORMANCE; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; NURSERY CULTURE; PINUS-RESINOSA; LITTER FALL; GROWTH AB Fall nutrient loading of deciduous forest nursery seedlings is of special interest because of foliage abscission and varied translocation patterns. For non-deciduous seedlings in the nursery, fall fertilization typically can reverse nutrient dilution and possibly increase nutrient reserves; however, this technique has received little attention with deciduous conifer trees that translocate nutrients before abscising foliage. We evaluated how fall nitrogen (N) fertilization affected N storage and translocation in the deciduous conifer Olga Bay larch (Larix olgensis Henry) seedlings during the hardening period. Seedlings were supplied with 25 mg N seedling(-1) for 15 weeks before hardening and fall fertilization treatments began with a three week application period of (KNO3)-N-15 at 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg N seedling(-1). During the hardening period, fall N fertilization had little effect on seedling morphology. The N concentration and content of needles decreased dramatically as needles abscised, while that of stems and roots increased. Six weeks after fall N fertilization ceased, all seedlings translocated similar net N from their needles. For the control seedlings, this accounted for 84 % of the N stored in stems and roots. For fall fertilized seedlings, however, the proportion of N stored in stems and roots translocated from needles accounted for only 41-61 % of the total because of absorption of fall fertilizer that was translocated directly to stems and roots. Six weeks after fall fertilization, the distribution pattern of N concentration and content in seedlings was found in this order: stems > fine roots > coarse roots > needles. Our results suggest that providing deciduous conifer seedlings N during hardening, in this case Olga Bay larch, is a way to promote nutrient loading during nursery production. C1 [Zhu, Y.; Li, G. L.; Liu, Y.] Beijing Forestry Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Dumroese, R. K.; Pinto, J. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Li, GL (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM glli226@163.com; lyong@bjfu.edu.cn FU Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [TD2011-08, JD2011-3]; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetics Resources FX This study was funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Contract TD2011-08, JD2011-3) and the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and the National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetics Resources. We sincerely appreciate assistance from Dr. John D. Marshall and Margaret Ward at the University of Idaho Stable Isotope Laboratory; Dr. Deborah Page-Dumroese and Joanne Tirocke at the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. We especially thank Associate Editor Dr. Barbara J. Hawkins for her efficient work and valuable suggestions, Editor-in-Chief Dr. Douglass F. Jacobs for the insightful comments, and the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that improved this manuscript. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 EI 1573-5095 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 44 IS 6 BP 849 EP 861 DI 10.1007/s11056-013-9370-z PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 253EI UT WOS:000327064800003 ER PT J AU Dumroese, RK Sung, SJS Pinto, JR Ross-Davis, A Scott, DA AF Dumroese, R. Kasten Sung, Shi-Jean Susana Pinto, Jeremiah R. Ross-Davis, Amy Scott, D. Andrew TI Morphology, gas exchange, and chlorophyll content of longleaf pine seedlings in response to rooting volume, copper root pruning, and nitrogen supply in a container nursery SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Pinus palustris; Seedling quality; Morphology; Fertilization; Physiology; Copper oxychloride ID PALUSTRIS SEEDLINGS; LODGEPOLE PINE; SURFACE-AREA; CAVITY SIZE; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; WATER; CARBONATE; INDICATOR; SURVIVAL AB Few pine species develop a seedling grass stage; this growth phase, characterized by strong, carrot-like taproots and a stem-less nature, poses unique challenges during nursery production. Fertilization levels beyond optimum could result in excessive diameter growth that reduces seedling quality as measured by the root bound index (RBI). We grew longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), a grass stage species, in containers of four different volumes (60-336 ml) either coated with copper oxychloride or left untreated and fertilized at low, medium, or high levels of nitrogen (N). In general, N concentration of tissues rose as N rate increased, with larger changes in concentration occurring between low and medium levels than between medium and high levels. N rate influenced root tissue N concentration less than it did stems and needles. Subtle needle color differences caused by N rate were significant, suggesting its potential utility during nursery production. As expected, seedlings grew larger as container volume increased and as N rate increased. Copper treatment, which we posited could influence the RBI, tended to increase root-collar diameter and tap root biomass and decrease total root volume. Chlorophyll abundance was affected more by N rate than by container volume or copper treatment, but photosynthesis was affected more by copper treatment than N rate or container size. Although RBI was 25 % greater for seedlings grown in small containers with high N rates than those grown in large containers with low N rates, RBI ranged only from 11 to 15 %, well below the critical 27 % threshold. C1 [Dumroese, R. Kasten; Pinto, Jeremiah R.; Ross-Davis, Amy] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Sung, Shi-Jean Susana] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Scott, D. Andrew] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Dumroese, RK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 South Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM kdumroese@fs.fed.us OI Scott, D. Andrew/0000-0002-2592-1522 FU USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources FX This project was supported by the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Rocky Mountain Research Station, and the National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources. We thank B Bird (statistician, Rocky Mountain Research Station) and JP Barnett (emeritus scientist, Southern Research Station) for their contributions, as well as the associate editor and anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 EI 1573-5095 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 44 IS 6 BP 881 EP 897 DI 10.1007/s11056-013-9377-5 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 253EI UT WOS:000327064800005 ER PT J AU Brouwers, MCGJ Konrad, RJ van Himbergen, TM Isaacs, A Otokozawa, S Troutt, JS Schaefer, EJ van Greevenbroek, MMJ Stalenhoef, AFH de Graaf, J AF Brouwers, M. C. G. J. Konrad, R. J. van Himbergen, T. M. Isaacs, A. Otokozawa, S. Troutt, J. S. Schaefer, E. J. van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. Stalenhoef, A. F. H. de Graaf, J. TI Plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 levels are related to markers of cholesterol synthesis in familial combined hyperlipidemia SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Lipid metabolism; Cholesterol; LDL; PCSK9; FCHL ID LDL CHOLESTEROL; PCSK9; HUMANS; TRAIT; LIVER; MICE AB Background and aims: Two recent independent studies showed that patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) have elevated plasma levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and markers of cholesterol synthesis. Both PCSK9 expression and cholesterol synthesis are downstream effects of hepatic activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2). The present study was conducted to study the relationship between plasma PCSK9 and markers of cholesterol synthesis in FCHL. Methods and results: Markers of cholesterol synthesis (squalene, desmosterol, lathosterol), cholesterol absorption (campesterol, sitosterol, cholestanol) and PCSK9 were measured in plasma of FCHL patients (n = 103) and their normolipidemic relatives (NLR; n = 240). Plasma PCSK9, lathosterol and desmosterol levels were higher in FCHL patients than their NLR (p < 0.001, age and sex adjusted). Heritability calculations demonstrated that 35% of the variance in PCSK9 levels could be explained by additive genetic effects (p < 0.001). Significant age-and sex-adjusted correlations were observed for the relationship between PCSK9 and lathosterol, both unadjusted and adjusted for cholesterol, in the overall FCHL population (both p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analyses, with PCSK9 as the dependent variable, showed that the regression coefficient for FCHL status decreased by 25% (from 0.8 to 0.6) when lathosterol was included. Nevertheless, FCHL status remained an independent contributor to plasma PCSK9 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The present study confirms the previously reported high and heritable PCSK9 levels in FCHL patients. Furthermore, we now show that high PCSK9 levels are, in part, explained by plasma lathosterol, suggesting that SREBP2 activation partly accounts for elevated PCSK9 levels in FCHL. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brouwers, M. C. G. J.; van Greevenbroek, M. M. J.] Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Cardiovasc Res Inst Maastricht, Dept Internal Med,Div Gen Internal Med, NL-6202 AZ Maastricht, Netherlands. [Brouwers, M. C. G. J.; van Greevenbroek, M. M. J.] Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Cardiovasc Res Inst Maastricht, Dept Internal Med,Div Endocrinol, NL-6202 AZ Maastricht, Netherlands. [Konrad, R. J.; Troutt, J. S.] Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Indianapolis, IN USA. [van Himbergen, T. M.; Otokozawa, S.; Schaefer, E. J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Isaacs, A.] Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, Genet Epidemiol Unit, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Isaacs, A.] Ctr Med Syst Biol, Leiden, Netherlands. [Otokozawa, S.] Sapporo Med Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Stalenhoef, A. F. H.; de Graaf, J.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Div Vasc Med, Dept Internal Med, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Brouwers, MCGJ (reprint author), Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Cardiovasc Res Inst Maastricht, Dept Internal Med,Div Gen Internal Med, POB 5800, NL-6202 AZ Maastricht, Netherlands. EM Martijn.brouwers@maastrichtuniversity.nl RI Stalenhoef, A.F.H./H-8094-2014; Graaf, J./H-8038-2014 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 EI 1590-3729 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1115 EP 1121 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.11.008 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 252EC UT WOS:000326986800012 PM 23333725 ER PT J AU Frazier-Wood, AC Kabagambe, EK Wojczynski, MK Borecki, IB Tiwari, HK Smith, CE Ordovas, JM Arnett, DK AF Frazier-Wood, A. C. Kabagambe, E. K. Wojczynski, M. K. Borecki, I. B. Tiwari, H. K. Smith, C. E. Ordovas, J. M. Arnett, D. K. TI The association between LRP-1 variants and chylomicron uptake after a high fat meal SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Candidate gene; LRP-1; Postprandial; Uptake; Clearance; GOLDN ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; VISUALIZATION AB Background and aims: In vitro studies suggest that low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) plays a role in the secondary uptake of chylomicrons. In addition, in vivo studies using LRP-1 knockout mice show these animals exhibit delayed chylomicron clearance. Whether this is true in humans is unknown. We aimed to determine whether genetic variants in LRP-1 are associated with postprandial chylomicron uptake in humans given an oral fat challenge. Methods and results: As many as 817 men and women (mean age +/ - standard deviation = 48.4 +/ - 16.4 years) forming the study population for the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs Network (GOLDN) study ingested an oral fat load of 700 kilocalories per m(2) of body surface area at 83% fat, after an 8-h fast. Chylomicrons were measured by nuclear resonance spectroscopy (NMR) at fasting, and 3.5 and 6 h after the meal. 26 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LRP-1 gene were genotyped on the Affymetrix 6.0 array. Chylomicrons were, as expected, zero at fasting. Mixed linear models adjusted for age, sex, study site and pedigree tested for associations between LRP-1 SNPs and changes in chylomicron concentrations 3.5-6 h. A gene-based test across all 26 SNPs was conducted which corrected for the linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNPs. 11 LRP-1 SNPs were significantly associated with the change in chylomicron concentration correction for multiple testing (Q < 0.05). The subsequent gene-based test, was also significant (P = 0.01). Conclusion: These results require replication but strongly indicate the role of LRP1 in postprandial lipoprotein uptake and/or clearance. Clinical trial registration no: NCT00083369. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Frazier-Wood, A. C.; Kabagambe, E. K.; Arnett, D. K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Frazier-Wood, A. C.; Tiwari, H. K.] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kabagambe, E. K.; Arnett, D. K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Nutr Obes Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Wojczynski, M. K.; Borecki, I. B.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Smith, C. E.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, J. M.] CNIC, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, J. M.] IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain. RP Frazier-Wood, AC (reprint author), Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, 1200 Herman Pressler,Rm E-517, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Lekki.Wood@Gmail.com RI Wood, Lekki/B-8053-2010 OI Kabagambe, Edmond/0000-0002-8993-3186; Wood, Lekki/0000-0001-7616-2119 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL072524, R01 HL091357, K08 HL112845]; NIMHD NIH HHS [L60 MD003562] NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 EI 1590-3729 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1154 EP 1158 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.12.007 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 252EC UT WOS:000326986800018 PM 23484911 ER PT J AU Shypailo, RJ Ellis, KJ AF Shypailo, Roman J. Ellis, Kenneth J. TI Solid anthropomorphic infant whole-body DXA phantom: design, evaluation, and multisite testing SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; AIR-DISPLACEMENT PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; CROSS-CALIBRATION; QUALITY-CONTROL; BONE DENSITOMETERS; OFFICIAL POSITIONS; PRETERM INFANTS; CHILDREN; PRECISION; BEAM AB BACKGROUND: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) requires phantoms for quality control and cross-calibration. No commercially available phantoms are designed specifically for whole-body scanning of infants. METHODS: We fabricated a phantom closely matching a 7-kg human infant in body habitus using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), nylon mix, and polyethylene for bone, lean tissue, and fat, respectively, for evaluating the comparability of instruments used in studies on infant body composition. We scanned the phantom multiple times for short- and long-term repeatability and then shipped it to six other sites for comparison scans. All instruments were Hologic Delphi or Discovery models. Scan analyses were in-house procedures (Hologic V12.1). RESULTS: Short- and long-term results were not significantly different. Nylon mix underrepresented expected lean mass values by 5%, PVC underrepresented bone by 12%, and polyethylene overrepresented fat by 30%. Precision values were as follows: lean mass approximate to 3%; bone approximate to 3.5%; and fat = 5.5-7.5%. Instruments differed significantly for bone mineral content and density results in most instances. Three instruments differed in fat and lean mass. The two Hologic models differed significantly in all compartments except bone density. CONCLUSION:The phantom design came close to emulating bone, lean tissue, and fat and showed good reproducibility. Significant differences among various DXA instruments highlight the necessity of cross-calibration for any multicenter studies. C1 [Shypailo, Roman J.; Ellis, Kenneth J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shypailo, RJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM shypailo@bcm.edu FU US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-001] FX Funding for this work has been provided from the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service under cooperative agreement 58-6250-6-001. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0031-3998 EI 1530-0447 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 74 IS 5 BP 486 EP 493 DI 10.1038/pr.2013.148 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 254LZ UT WOS:000327168500001 PM 23999072 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MA Kreinberg, AJ Gonzalez, JM Halvorson, JJ French, E Bollmann, A Hagerman, AE AF Schmidt, Michael A. Kreinberg, Allison J. Gonzalez, Javier M. Halvorson, Jonathan J. French, Elizabeth Bollmann, Annette Hagerman, Ann E. TI Soil microbial communities respond differently to three chemically defined polyphenols SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ammonia oxidizing species; AOX; Community level physiological profiling (CLPP); Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE); Tannin; Soil nitrogen cycle; Microresp (TM) ID LEVEL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILES; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING ARCHAEA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; CONDENSED TANNINS; KALMIA-ANGUSTIFOLIA; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; PROTEIN COMPLEXES AB High molecular weight polyphenols (e.g. tannins) that enter the soil may affect microbial populations, by serving as substrates for microbial respiration or by selecting for certain microbes. In this study we examined how three phenolic compounds that represent some environmentally widespread tannins or their constituent functional groups were respired by soil microorganisms and how the compounds affected the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and archaea, including ammonia oxidizers. An acidic, silt loam soil from a pine forest was incubated for two weeks with the monomeric phenol methyl gallate, the small polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate, or the large polyphenol oenothein B. Respiration of the polyphenols during the incubation was measured using the Microresp (TM) system. After incubation, metabolic diversity was determined by community level physiological profiling (CLPP), and genetic diversity was determined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis on DNA extracted from the soil samples. Total microbial populations and ammonia-oxidizing populations were measured using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Methyl gallate was respired more efficiently than the higher molecular weight tannins but not as efficiently as glucose. Methyl gallate and epigallocatechin gallate selected for genetically or physiologically unique populations compared to glucose. None of the polyphenols supported microbial growth, and none of the polyphenols affected ammonia-oxidizing bacterial populations or ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Additional studies using both a wider range of polyphenols and a wider range of soils and environments are needed to elucidate the role of polyphenols in determining soil microbiological diversity. (C) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmidt, Michael A.; Kreinberg, Allison J.; Hagerman, Ann E.] Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Gonzalez, Javier M.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Halvorson, Jonathan J.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [French, Elizabeth; Bollmann, Annette] Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Hagerman, AE (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM hagermae@miamioh.edu FU USDA [58-1902-1-195] FX This work was funded by USDA Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-1902-1-195 to Miami University. Statistics were run with assistance from the Statistical Consulting Center at Miami University. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 72 SI SI BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.03.003 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253SO UT WOS:000327109800020 PM 23545181 ER PT J AU Ochsner, TE Cosh, MH Cuenca, RH Dorigo, WA Draper, CS Hagimoto, Y Kerr, YH Larson, KM Njoku, EG Small, EE Zreda, M AF Ochsner, Tyson E. Cosh, Michael H. Cuenca, Richard H. Dorigo, Wouter A. Draper, Clara S. Hagimoto, Yutaka Kerr, Yann H. Larson, Kristine M. Njoku, Eni G. Small, Eric E. Zreda, Marek TI State of the Art in Large-Scale Soil Moisture Monitoring SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; HEAT-PULSE METHOD; APERTURE MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; BOUNDARY-LAYER DEVELOPMENT; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; COSMIC-RAY NEUTRONS; WATER-CONTENT; IN-SITU; DATA ASSIMILATION AB Soil moisture is an essential climate variable influencing land-atmosphere interactions, an essential hydrologic variable impacting rainfall-runoff processes, an essential ecological variable regulating net ecosystem exchange, and an essential agricultural variable constraining food security. Large-scale soil moisture monitoring has advanced in recent years, creating opportunities to transform scientific understanding of soil moisture and related processes. These advances are being driven by researchers from a broad range of disciplines, but this complicates collaboration and communication; and, for some applications, the science required to utilize large-scale soil moisture data is poorly developed. In this review, we describe the state of the art in large-scale soil moisture monitoring and identify some critical needs for research to optimize the use of increasingly available soil moisture data. We review representative examples of (i) emerging in situ and proximal sensing techniques, (ii) dedicated soil moisture remote sensing missions, (iii) soil moisture monitoring networks, and (iv) applications of large-scale soil moisture measurements. Significant near-term progress seems possible in the use of large-scale soil moisture data for drought monitoring. Assimilation of soil moisture data for meteorological or hydrologic forecasting also shows promise, but significant challenges related to spatial variability and model structures remain. Little progress has been made in the use of large-scale soil moisture observations within the context of ecological or agricultural modeling. Opportunities abound to advance the science and practice of large-scale soil moisture monitoring for the sake of improved Earth system monitoring, modeling, and forecasting. C1 [Ochsner, Tyson E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cuenca, Richard H.; Hagimoto, Yutaka] Oregon State Univ, Dep Biol & Ecol Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dorigo, Wouter A.] Vienna Univ Technol, Dep Geodesy & Geoinformat, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Draper, Clara S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Draper, Clara S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Kerr, Yann H.] Ctr Etudes Spatiales Biosphere, F-31401 Toulouse, France. [Larson, Kristine M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Njoku, Eni G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Small, Eric E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zreda, Marek] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ochsner, TE (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 368 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM tyson.ochsner@okstate.edu RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Small, eric/K-6007-2015; Draper, Clara/P-6097-2016; OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Draper, Clara/0000-0002-8299-4939; Dorigo, Wouter/0000-0001-8054-7572 FU SMOS Soil Moisture Network Study- Operational Phase (ESA ESTEC) [4000102722/10]; NASA [NNX10AU84G]; NSF [AGS 0935725]; U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-0838491]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX The contribution of Tyson Ochsner has been funded by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. The contribution of Wouter Dorigo has been funded through the SMOS Soil Moisture Network Study- Operational Phase (ESA ESTEC Contract no.4000102722/10). The contributions of Eric Small and Kristine Larson were funded by grants from NASA (NNX10AU84G) and NSF (AGS 0935725). The contribution of Marek Zreda has been funded through the COSMOS project by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant no. ATM-0838491). The contribution of Eni Njoku was funded through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. NR 230 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 16 U2 130 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1888 EP 1919 DI 10.2136/sssaj2013.03.0093 PG 32 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 252QS UT WOS:000327024500002 ER PT J AU Richardson, M Stolt, M AF Richardson, Matthew Stolt, Mark TI Measuring Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Aggrading Temperate Forests SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NEW-ENGLAND; NITROGEN ACCUMULATION; ECOSYSTEM CARBON; STORAGE; CHRONOSEQUENCE; AFFORESTATION; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; FLUXES; USA AB Over the past 150 yr, 70-90% of the lands once cleared for agriculture in New England have returned to forests. Most scientists agree that these forests serve as significant C sinks; however, there is uncertainty as to the rate at which soil organic C (SOC) is being sequestered and in which horizons the SOC is being stored. We compared the paired site and chronosequence approaches to estimate SOC sequestration at decadal to near-century scales to determine if one of these methods may be better at clarifying these uncertainties. Seventeen sites in southern New England were used to determine SOC sequestration rates. Each site consisted of an agricultural field and an adjacent forest having the same soil type; both were once part of the same field (paired site). We tested for the effects of drainage class [well-drained (WD) Typic Dystrudepts vs. moderately well-drained (MWD) Aquic Dystrudepts] and forest type (coniferous vs. deciduous) on SOC sequestration. We sampled soils by master horizon to a depth of 1 m to calculate SOC content and pools. Forest SOC pools averaged 152 Mg C ha(-1) and did not differ between MWD and WD or by forest type. Mean agricultural field SOC pools (111 Mg C ha(-1)) were significantly lower than forest pools (p < 0.01). Sequestration rates, and where the SOC was sequestered, differed between the chronosequence and paired site approaches. The paired site approach showed that 70% of the SOC was being sequestered in the O horizons whereas the chronosequence method suggested most SOC was being sequestered in A horizons. The chronosequence method estimated that these 25- to 86-yr-old aggrading forests sequestered SOC at a rate of 0.56 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1). The average paired site sequestration rate (0.84 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1)) was 50% higher than the chronosequence rate, suggesting that the chronosequence approach may underestimate SOC sequestration. The paired-site rate suggests that C is being sequestered in these soils nearly as quickly (55-82%) as in the overlying forest. C1 [Richardson, Matthew] USDA NRCS, Warwick, RI 02886 USA. [Stolt, Mark] Univ Rhode Isl, Dep Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Stolt, M (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dep Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM mstolt@uri.edu NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 34 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 77 IS 6 BP 2164 EP 2172 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0411 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 252QS UT WOS:000327024500028 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Bantchev, GB AF Biresaw, Girma Bantchev, Grigor B. TI Elastohydroynamic EHD Traction Properties of Seed Oils SO TRIBOLOGY & LUBRICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Castor Oil; Jojoba; Hexadecane; Polyalphaolefins; Seed Oils; Slide-to-Roll Ratio; Limiting Traction Coefficient; Elastohydrodynamic Traction Coefficient ID FILM-FORMING PROPERTIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; VEGETABLE-OILS; BASE OILS; LUBRICATION; FRICTION; BIODEGRADABILITY; COMPOSITES; BIODIESEL; MODELS AB The elastohydrodynamic traction coefficient (tc) properties of nine seed oils of varying chemical structures, polyalphaolefin oil (PAO) and hexadecane, were investigated using a ball-on-dish traction apparatus. The seed oils were castor oil, a triglyceride with hydroxyl functional group; jojoba, a monoglyceride; and seven triglyceride seed oils with varying fatty acid compositions. Two types of experiments were conducted at constant temperature (40 or 100 C) and constant load (10, 20, 30, or 40 N): tc as a Junction of slide-to-roll ratio (srr) at 1 m/s entrainment speed (u); and tc as a function of u at 50% srr In both types of experiments, tc increased with decreasing temperature, increasing load, and increasing srr. All u vs. tc experiments gave the familiar Stribeck-type profiles. A maximum in tc values was observed in some srr vs. tc experiments. Regression analysis showed excellent agreement between limiting tc (tc at 1 m/s u and 50% srr) values from these two types of experiments. Hexadecane and PAO displayed higher tc values than the seed oils, even though their viscosities were up to 80 and 7 times lower, respectively, than that of seed oils. This observation cannot be rationalized using molecular structure arguments. The results were attributed to differences in polarity between the two groups of oils. Unlike PAO and hexadecane, seed oils are polar; adsorb on friction surfaces, and lower boundary friction, which contributes to the lowering of tc in the EHD regime. C1 [Biresaw, Girma; Bantchev, Grigor B.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biooils Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biooils Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1545-858X J9 TRIBOL LUBR TECHNOL JI Tribol. Lubr. Technol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 69 IS 11 BP 75 EP 85 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 250LX UT WOS:000326855400017 ER PT J AU Silva, MSE Rissi, DR Pantin-Jackwood, M Swayne, DE AF Sa e Silva, M. Rissi, D. R. Pantin-Jackwood, M. Swayne, D. E. TI High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in the Reproductive Tract of Chickens SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high pathogenicity; avian influenza virus; reproductive tract; layers; chickens ID H5N1; DUCKS; EGGS AB Infection with high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has been associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations in poultry, including severe depression in egg production and isolation of HPAIV from eggs laid by infected hens. To evaluate the pathobiology in the reproductive tract of chickens, adult hens were inoculated intranasally with 3 HPAIV strains. All 3 strains induced lesions in the reproductive tract 36 to 72 hours after inoculation. Positive immunostaining was observed in all segments of the reproductive tract, occurring predominantly in stromal cells and superficial germinal epithelium of the ovary, in mucosal epithelial cells and less often glandular epithelium throughout the oviduct, and in vascular endothelium. This study generates important data and explains previously reported virus isolation from yolk, due to ovarian virus replication, and virus recovery from albumin, due to virus replication in epithelial cells in several segments of the oviduct. C1 [Sa e Silva, M.; Pantin-Jackwood, M.; Swayne, D. E.] ARS, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rissi, D. R.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service, Cooperative Research Information System (ARIS) [6612-32000-063-00D] FX The authors received the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded by Agricultural Research Service, Cooperative Research Information System (ARIS) project 6612-32000-063-00D. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 50 IS 6 BP 956 EP 960 DI 10.1177/0300985813490755 PG 5 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 252BX UT WOS:000326980600008 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Brown, JD Stallknecht, DE Howerth, EW Newman, SH Swayne, DE AF Nemeth, N. M. Brown, J. D. Stallknecht, D. E. Howerth, E. W. Newman, S. H. Swayne, D. E. TI Experimental Infection of Bar-Headed Geese (Anser indicus) and Ruddy Shelducks (Tadorna ferruginea) With a Clade 2.3.2 H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anser indicus; bar-headed goose; clade 2; 3; 2; experimental infection; H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; ruddy shelduck; Tadorna ferruginea ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; WILD BIRDS; HONG-KONG; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; DUCKS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; APOPTOSIS; PATHOBIOLOGY; OUTBREAK AB Since 2005, clade 2.2 H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have caused infections and morbidity among numerous species of wild waterfowl in Eurasia and Africa. However, outbreaks associated with clade 2.3.2 viruses have increased since 2009, and viruses within this clade have become the dominant strain of the H5N1 HPAI virus detected in wild birds, reaching endemic status in domestic birds in select regions of Asia. To address questions regarding the emergence and expansion of clade 2.3.2 viruses, 2 waterfowl species repeatedly involved in outbreaks of H5N1 HPAI viruses, bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) and ruddy shelducks (Tadorna ferruginea), were inoculated with a representative virus. All of 3 infected ruddy shelducks exhibited neurologic signs and died within 4 to 5 days. Two of 3 infected bar-headed geese had transient weakness but all survived. Viral shedding was predominately via the oropharynx and was detected from 1 to 7 days after inoculation. The severity and distribution of microscopic lesions corresponded with clinical disease and influenza-specific immunohistochemical staining of neurons. The predominant lesions were in the brain and were more severe in ruddy shelducks. Increased caspase-3 reactivity in the brains of all infected birds suggests a role for apoptosis in H5N1 HPAI virus pathogenesis in these species. These results demonstrate that similar to clade 2.2 viruses, a clade 2.3.2 H5N1 HPAI virus is neurotropic in some waterfowl species and can lead to neurologic disease with varying clinical outcomes. This has implications for the role that wild waterfowl may play in transmission of this virus in endemic regions. C1 [Nemeth, N. M.; Howerth, E. W.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Nemeth, N. M.; Brown, J. D.; Stallknecht, D. E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Newman, S. H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Emergency Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis ECTAD Vietna, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Swayne, D. E.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, 538 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM nmnemeth@uga.edu FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C]; Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture [6612-32000-048-00D, 6612-32000-063-00D]; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services under contract No. HHSN266200700007C, and Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture under project numbers 6612-32000-048-00D and 6612-32000-063-00D, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies or organizations. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 50 IS 6 BP 961 EP 970 DI 10.1177/0300985813490758 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 252BX UT WOS:000326980600009 PM 23735616 ER PT J AU Mucksova, J Kalina, J Bakst, M Yan, H Brillard, JP Benesova, B Fafilek, B Hejnar, J Trefil, P AF Mucksova, J. Kalina, J. Bakst, M. Yan, H. Brillard, J. P. Benesova, B. Fafilek, B. Hejnar, J. Trefil, P. TI Expression of the chicken GDNF family receptor alpha-1 as a marker of spermatogonial stem cells SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GFR alpha 1; Chicken spermatogonial stem cell; Male germ line transplantation ID TESTICULAR CELLS; TRANSPLANTATION; TESTIS; PROTEIN; SPERMATOGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION; RESTORATION; FERTILITY; UPDATE; KINASE AB The identification, enrichment and subsequent isolation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are integral to the success of SCC transplants between fertile donor and sterilized recipient males. In birds generally and particularly in chicken, SSC-specific has yet to be identified. The receptor for glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), i.e. GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFR alpha 1), has been identified as a potential marker for different mouse spermatogonial subtypes. In the present study, we characterized the chicken cGFR alpha 1 receptor and compared its predicted amino-acid sequence with mouse, rat and human GFR alpha 1 proteins. Using specific polyclonal mouse anti-cGFR alpha 1 serum, a total of 2.8% cells were recognized as cGFR alpha 1 positive among isolated testicular cells recovered from sexually mature cockerels. The percentages of cGFR alpha 1-positive testicular cells with haploid, diploid, tetraploid and SP DNA content were 1.6%, 2.5%, 393% and 76.8%, respectively. The presence of cGFR alpha 1 protein on the surfaces of all cells of the seminiferous epithelium was confirmed by immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. Tissue specificity of cGFR alpha 1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in adult testes compared to brain tissue which itself was several times higher than tissues prepared from the spleen, liver and heart. No expression was observed in muscular tissue. At last, we demonstrated the successful repopulation of sterilized recipient's testes with transplanted cGFR alpha 1-positive donor testicular cells. Recipient males subsequently produced functional heterologous spermatozoa capable of fertilizing an ovum and obtaining chicks with donor cell genotypes. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mucksova, J.; Kalina, J.; Benesova, B.; Trefil, P.] BIOPHARM, Res Inst Biopharm & Vet Drugs, Jilove 25449, Czech Republic. [Bakst, M.] ARS, Anim Biotechnol & Biosci Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yan, H.] HIAVS, Changsha 410131, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Brillard, J. P.] FERTILAVI, F-37360 Rouziers De Touraine, France. [Fafilek, B.; Hejnar, J.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, IMG, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic. RP Trefil, P (reprint author), BIOPHARM, Res Inst Biopharm & Vet Drugs, Jilove 25449, Czech Republic. EM trefil@bri.cz RI Fafilek, Bohumil/G-6762-2014; Hejnar, Jiri/G-3544-2014 OI Fafilek, Bohumil/0000-0002-3869-7937; FU Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [ME10104]; National Agency for Agriculture Research [QJ1210041]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [P502/11/2207] FX We would like to thank Zdenek Cimburek for FACS analyses. This research was supported by Grant No. ME10104 from the Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic, Grant No. QJ1210041 from the National Agency for Agriculture Research and Grant No. P502/11/2207 awarded by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 EI 1873-2232 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.08.006 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 246SH UT WOS:000326558900011 PM 24060137 ER PT J AU Pradhan, G Samson, SL Sun, YX AF Pradhan, Geetali Samson, Susan L. Sun, Yuxiang TI Ghrelin: much more than a hunger hormone SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Review DE bone; ghrelin; growth hormone secretagogue receptor; glucose and energy homeostasis; heart and muscle ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; OB/OB MICE; RECEPTOR; HYPOGLYCEMIA; SECRETION; GLUCAGON; ABLATION; IMPROVES; CELLS; METABOLISM AB Purpose of reviewGhrelin is a multifaceted gut hormone that activates its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin's hallmark functions are its stimulatory effects on growth hormone release, food intake and fat deposition. Ghrelin is famously known as the hunger hormone'. However, ample recent literature indicates that the functions of ghrelin go well beyond its role as an orexigenic signal. Here, we have reviewed some of the most recent findings on ghrelin and its signalling in animals and humans.Recent findingsGhrelin regulates glucose homeostasis by inhibiting insulin secretion and regulating gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis. Ghrelin signalling decreases thermogenesis to regulate energy expenditure. Ghrelin improves the survival prognosis of myocardial infarction by reducing sympathetic nerve activity. Ghrelin prevents muscle atrophy by inducing muscle differentiation and fusion. Ghrelin regulates bone formation and metabolism by modulating proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.SummaryIn addition to ghrelin's effects on appetite and adiposity, ghrelin signalling also plays crucial roles in glucose and energy homeostasis, cardioprotection, muscle atrophy and bone metabolism. These multifaceted roles of ghrelin make ghrelin and GHS-R highly attractive targets for drug development. Ghrelin mimetics may be used to treat heart diseases, muscular dystrophy/sarcopenia and osteoporosis; GHS-R antagonists may be used to treat obesity and insulin resistance. C1 [Pradhan, Geetali; Sun, Yuxiang] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Samson, Susan L.] Baylor Coll Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sun, Yuxiang] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Huffington Ctr Aging, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sun, YX (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates Ave Room 5024, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM yuxiangs@bcm.edu FU USDA/ARS [58-6250-0-008]; American Heart Association (AHA) [12IRG9230004]; NIH-Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center [P30DK079638]; American Diabetes Association; Baylor College of Medicine Alkek Bridge fund FX This article was supported by the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-0-008 (Y.S.), the American Heart Association (AHA) innovative grant 12IRG9230004 (Y.S.) and the NIH-Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center grant P30DK079638 (Y.S., S. L. S.), the American Diabetes Association and the Baylor College of Medicine Alkek Bridge fund (S.L.S.). NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 29 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1363-1950 EI 1473-6519 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD NOV PY 2013 VL 16 IS 6 BP 619 EP 624 DI 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328365b9be PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 247BA UT WOS:000326586800002 PM 24100676 ER PT J AU Proemse, BC Mayer, B Fenn, ME Ross, CS AF Proemse, Bernadette C. Mayer, Bernhard Fenn, Mark E. Ross, Christopher S. TI A multi-isotope approach for estimating industrial contributions to atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Athabasca oil sands region in Alberta, Canada SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric nitrate; Nitrogen isotopes; Oxygen isotopes; Deposition; Throughfall; Oil sands; Oxygen-17; Athabasca; Alberta ID MASS-INDEPENDENT FRACTIONATION; BOREAL FOREST; DENITRIFIER METHOD; NORTHERN ALBERTA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; S DEPOSITIONS; FRESH-WATER; SIMULATED N; NITRATE; OXYGEN AB Industrial nitrogen (N) emissions in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR), Alberta, Canada, affect nitrate (NO3) and ammonium (NH4) deposition rates in close vicinity of industrial emitters. NO3-N and NH4-N open field and throughfall deposition rates were determined at various sites between 3 km and 113 km distance to the main oil sand operations between May 2008 and May 2009. NO3 and NH4 were analyzed for delta N-15-NO3, delta O-18-NO3, Delta O-17-NO3 and delta N-15-NH4. Marked differences in the delta O-18 and Delta O-17 values between industrial emissions and background deposition allowed for the estimation of minimum industrial contributions to atmospheric NO3 deposition. delta N-15-NH4 values also allowed for estimates of industrial contributions to atmospheric NH4 deposition. Results revealed that particularly sites within similar to 30 km radius from the main oil sands developments are significantly affected by industrial contributions to atmospheric NO3 and NH4 deposition. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Proemse, Bernadette C.; Mayer, Bernhard] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Fenn, Mark E.; Ross, Christopher S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Proemse, BC (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM bcpromse@ucalgary.ca FU Wood Buffalo Environmental Association (WBEA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [NSERC CRDPJ 372151-08]; Canada School for Energy and the Environment (CSEE) FX This study was funded by the Wood Buffalo Environmental Association (WBEA), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC CRDPJ 372151-08), and the Canada School for Energy and the Environment (CSEE). We thank the staff of WBEA for their assistance in project coordination and for obtaining samples, in particular Veronica Chisholm and Kevin Percy. We also thank IsoLab at the University of Washington, Seattle, for conducting Delta17O analyses and Stephen Taylor and the staff from the Isotope Science Laboratory (ISL) at the University of Calgary for their help with delta15N and delta18O analyses. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 182 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.004 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 247YU UT WOS:000326661700010 PM 23896680 ER PT J AU Panek, J Saah, D Esperanza, A Bytnerowicz, A Fraczek, W Cisneros, R AF Panek, Jeanne Saah, David Esperanza, Annie Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Fraczek, Witold Cisneros, Ricardo TI Ozone distribution in remote ecologically vulnerable terrain of the southern Sierra Nevada, CA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Landscape-scale spatial analysis; Forests; Vulnerability; Passive samplers ID SURFACE OZONE; COMPLEX TERRAIN; AIR-POLLUTANTS; PONDEROSA PINE; CALIFORNIA; DROUGHT; AMBIENT; POLLUTION; PATTERNS; EXPOSURE AB Ozone concentration spatial patterns remain largely uncharacterized across the extensive wilderness areas of the Sierra Nevada, CA, despite being downwind of major pollution sources. These natural areas, including four national parks and four national forests, contain forest species that are susceptible to ozone injury. Forests stressed by ozone are also more vulnerable to other agents of mortality, including insects, pathogens, climate change, and ultimately fire. Here we analyze three years of passive ozone monitor data from the southern Sierra Nevada and interpolate landscape-scale spatial and temporal patterns during the summer-through-fall high ozone concentration period. Segmentation analysis revealed three types of ozone exposure sub-regions: high, low, and variable. Consistently high ozone exposure regions are expected to be most vulnerable to forest mortality. One high exposure sub-region has been documented elsewhere as being further vulnerable to increased drought and fire potential. Identifying such hot-spots of forest vulnerability has utility for prioritizing management. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Panek, Jeanne] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Forestry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Saah, David] Spatial Informat Grp, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. [Esperanza, Annie] Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Fraczek, Witold] ESRI, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. [Cisneros, Ricardo] US Forest Serv, USDA, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. RP Panek, J (reprint author), Panek & Associates Ecol Consulting, 2311 Webster St, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. EM jeanne.panek@gmail.com FU National Park Service Natural Resources Condition Assessment program; Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks; U.S.D.A. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station FX This research was funded by the National Park Service Natural Resources Condition Assessment program, particularly Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station. The authors thank Dr. Haiganoush Preisler for important conceptual contributions during the project. The comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 182 BP 343 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.028 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 247YU UT WOS:000326661700042 PM 23974164 ER PT J AU Smith, JE Heath, LS Hoover, CM AF Smith, James E. Heath, Linda S. Hoover, Coeli M. TI Carbon factors and models for forest carbon estimates for the 2005-2011 National Greenhouse Gas Inventories of the United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest inventory; Carbon reporting; National Greenhouse Gas Inventory ID BIOMASS EXPANSION FACTORS; EASTERN US FORESTS; STOCK AB Most nations have ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and are mandated to report National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, including the land use, land use change and forestry sector when it is significant. Participating countries commonly use data from national forest inventories as a basis for their forest-related emissions estimates. The estimates are required to be consistent, comparable among parties, transparent, and well-documented. To help meet these requirements, we describe the data and methods used to calculate the forest carbon component of the United States' greenhouse gas emissions and sinks which we provided to the US Environmental Protection Agency to be compiled for the submission years 2005-2011. Past forest inventories were not designed to measure or take samples of data directly related to quantifying ecosystem carbon stocks necessary for greenhouse gas reporting. This study provides information used to bridge that gap and enable harmonized reporting. Specifically, we provide the forest inventory plot-data-to-carbon-stock conversion factors and associated uncertainty bounds in use for the reporting years prior to the availability of more directly measured or sampled carbon stocks. The factors are similar to default values supplied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and current scientific literature. Overall, this approach indicates that forest ecosystems of the United States sequester approximately 170 Tg of carbon per year, which represents a net annual increase of half a percent of forest carbon stocks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smith, James E.; Heath, Linda S.; Hoover, Coeli M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jsmith11@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 307 BP 7 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.061 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 249IF UT WOS:000326770200002 ER PT J AU Rutishauser, E Noor'an, F Laumonier, Y Halperin, J Rufi'ie Hergoualc'h, K Verchot, L AF Rutishauser, Ervan Noor'an, Fatmi Laumonier, Yves Halperin, James Rufi'ie Hergoualc'h, Kristel Verchot, Louis TI Generic allometric models including height best estimate forest biomass and carbon stocks in Indonesia SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Tropical forests; Above-ground biomass; Tree height; Allometric models; REDD; Indonesia ID ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; SECONDARY FORESTS; TROPICAL FORESTS; ERROR PROPAGATION; TREE ALLOMETRY; RAIN-FOREST; EQUATIONS; DENSITY; BALANCE; BORNEO AB The choice of an appropriate allometric model is a critical step in reducing uncertainties in forest biomass stock estimates. With large greenhouse gases emissions due to deforestation, a systematic assessment and comparison of the models available in Indonesia is crucial for accurate assessments of forest carbon stocks and implementing REDD+ projects. In the present study, we compared the ability of two regional and two generic (pantropical) allometric models to estimate biomass at both tree and plot levels. We showed that regional models had lower performance in estimating tree biomass, with greater bias (-31-8%) and higher AIC (177-204), compared to generic models (bias: 2-2%; AIC: 57-67). At the plot level, the regional models underestimated biomass stocks by 0-40% compared to the best generic model. The error in plot biomass stocks associated to models relying solely upon DBH ranged between 5 and +15%. The integration of tree height estimated regionally resulted in an overestimate of 5-10% in unmanaged forests. Despite the difficulty to accurately assess tree heights in tropical forests, integrating all or part of them in biomass assessment can reduce uncertainties. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rutishauser, Ervan; Laumonier, Yves; Hergoualc'h, Kristel; Verchot, Louis] Ctr Int Forestry Res, Situ Gede 16115, Bogor Barat, Indonesia. [Noor'an, Fatmi; Rufi'ie] Minist Forestry, Forestry Res & Dev Agcy, Dipterocarp Res Ctr, Sempaja, Samarinda, Indonesia. [Laumonier, Yves] Int Ctr Res Agron & Dev, UPR BSEF, F-34078 Montpellier, France. [Halperin, James] US Forest Serv, Int Programs, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rutishauser, E (reprint author), Ctr Int Forestry Res, Situ Gede 16115, Bogor Barat, Indonesia. EM er.rutishauser@gmail.com RI Rutishauser, Ervan/A-9076-2011 OI Rutishauser, Ervan/0000-0003-1182-4032 FU government of Australia [46167]; government of Norway [QZA-10/0468]; NORAD FX This research is part of the project entitled Impacts of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and Enhancing Carbon Stocks (I-REDD+). I-REDD+ is funded by the European Community's Seventh Framework Research Programme. Additional support was provided to CIFOR by the governments of Australia (Grant Agreement # 46167) and Norway (Grant Agreement #QZA-10/0468). This work was carried out as part of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research programs on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (CRP6). Part of the data were collected by WWF Indonesia under the REDD for people and nature (RPAN) project funded by NORAD. The authors thank Ghislain Vieilledent and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable contribution that helped improving our manuscript. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 307 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.013 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 249IF UT WOS:000326770200022 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Thill, RE AF Perry, Roger W. Thill, Ronald E. TI Long-term responses of disturbance-associated birds after different timber harvests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Clearcutting; Forest birds; Group selection; Shelterwood; Single-tree selection; Uneven-aged management ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES; BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FORESTS; MISSOURI OZARK FORESTS; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; SHRUBLAND BIRDS; GROUP-SELECTION; BREEDING BIRDS; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-HAMPSHIRE AB Timber harvest provides favorable habitat for many species of shrub-dependent birds. Because of historical dominance, effect of clearcutting on early successional birds has been widely studied, but less information is available on alternatives such as shelterwood and group selection, which have become a more dominant means of regenerating pines (Pinus spp.) on federal lands of the southeastern US. We compared detection of 12 species of early successional forest birds prior to harvest and at various intervals for 16 years after harvest in stands subjected to clearcutting, shelterwood, single-tree selection, and group-selection harvests. We also compared detection rates of these species between harvested and unharvested control stands. Detection rate for all early successional species combined peaked 5 years after harvest and was greatest in clearcuts 5-12 years after harvest. Clearcuts retained some species for longer periods than other treatments. Hooded warbler (Setophaga citrine) and Kentucky warbler (Oporornis formosus) benefitted more from partial harvesting than clearcutting; partially harvested areas had increased understory shrub abundance but retained overstory trees. Detections of many species were lower in group selection stands than other harvested treatments, likely because openings were too small for area-sensitive species. Due to the level of overstory removal, shelterwoods likely provided the closest alternative to clearcutting and retained all the species found in clearcuts; shelterwoods also provided habitat to species rare in clearcuts, including hooded and Kentucky warbler. In terms of presence and absence, regeneration methods other than clearcutting provided habitat for most early successional species, but densities of birds are likely lower. Thus, greater expanses of harvesting may be needed to sustain populations of some early successional birds at levels similar to those under even-aged systems that use clearcutting as the primary regeneration method. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Perry, Roger W.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Thill, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us FU Southern Research Station (US Forest Service); Ouachita National Forest FX We thank R.E. Brown, R.A. Buford, S.A. Carter, C.S. Collins, R.S. Daniel, H. Garner, D.G. Peitz, R.R. Schaefer, P.A. Tappe, J.F. Taulman, and J.H. Williamson for their field assistance. F.R Thompson, III, N. Koerth, J. Kilgo, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We thank J.B. Baker, J.M. Guldin, L.D. Hedrick, T.J. Mersmann, W.F. Pell, and numerous employees of the Ouachita and Ozark-St. Francis National Forests for technical and logistical assistance. Funding for this project was provided by the Southern Research Station (US Forest Service) and the Ouachita National Forest. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement of any product or service by the USDepartment of Agriculture. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 307 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.026 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 249IF UT WOS:000326770200027 ER PT J AU Yu, LJ Zhong, SY Bian, XD Heilman, WE Charney, JJ AF Yu, Lejiang Zhong, Shiyuan Bian, Xindi Heilman, Warren E. Charney, Joseph J. TI The Interannual Variability of the Haines Index over North America SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Climate variability; Interannual variability; Forest fires ID UNITED-STATES; REGIONAL REANALYSIS; WILDLAND FIRE; CLIMATOLOGY; ANOMALIES; COORDINATE; WILDFIRES; DYNAMICS; DROUGHT; MODEL AB The Haines index (HI) is a fire-weather index that is widely used as an indicator of the potential for dry, low-static-stability air in the lower atmosphere to contribute to erratic fire behavior or large fire growth. This study examines the interannual variability of HI over North America and its relationship to indicators of large-scale circulation anomalies. The results show that the first three HI empirical orthogonal function modes are related respectively to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Arctic Oscillation (AO), and the interdecadal sea surface temperature variation over the tropical Pacific Ocean. During the negative ENSO phase, an anomalous ridge (trough) is evident over the western (eastern) United States, with warm/dry weather and more days with high HI values in the western and southeastern United States. During the negative phase of the AO, an anomalous trough is found over the western United States, with wet/cool weather and fewer days with high HI, while an anomalous ridge occurs over the southern United States-northern Mexico, with an increase in the number of days with high HI. After the early 1990s, the subtropical high over the eastern Pacific Ocean and the Bermuda high were strengthened by a wave train that was excited over the tropical western Pacific Ocean and resulted in warm/dry conditions over the southwestern United States and western Mexico and wet weather in the southeastern United States. The above conditions are reversed during the positive phase of ENSO and AO and before the early 1990s. C1 [Yu, Lejiang] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Appl Hydrometeorol Res Inst, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.; Charney, Joseph J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Zhong, SY (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM zhongs@msu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station [11-JV-11242306-065]; AgBioResearch of Michigan State University FX This research is supported by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station under Joint Venture Agreement 11-JV-11242306-065 and by AgBioResearch of Michigan State University. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2396 EP 2409 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-068.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250FW UT WOS:000326836900002 ER PT J AU Luo, LF Tang, Y Zhong, SY Bian, XD Heilman, WE AF Luo, Lifeng Tang, Ying Zhong, Shiyuan Bian, Xindi Heilman, Warren E. TI Will Future Climate Favor More Erratic Wildfires in the Western United States? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Regional models; Forest fires; Risk assessment ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; HAINES INDEX; FIRE; MODELS; US AB Wildfires that occurred over the western United States during August 2012 were fewer in number but larger in size when compared with all other Augusts in the twenty-first century. This unique characteristic, along with the tremendous property damage and potential loss of life that occur with large wildfires with erratic behavior, raised the question of whether future climate will favor rapid wildfire growth so that similar wildfire activity may become more frequent as climate changes. This study addresses this question by examining differences in the climatological distribution of the Haines index (HI) between the current and projected future climate over the western United States. The HI, ranging from 2 to 6, was designed to characterize dry, unstable air in the lower atmosphere that may contribute to erratic or extreme fire behavior. A shift in HI distribution from low values (2 and 3) to higher values (5 and 6) would indicate an increased risk for rapid wildfire growth and spread. Distributions of Haines index are calculated from simulations of current (1971-2000) and future (2041-70) climate using multiple regional climate models in the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program. Despite some differences among the projections, the simulations indicate that there may be not only more days but also more consecutive days with HI 5 during August in the future. This result suggests that future atmospheric environments will be more conducive to erratic wildfires in the mountainous regions of the western United States. C1 [Luo, Lifeng; Tang, Ying; Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Luo, Lifeng; Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Luo, LF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lluo@msu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station [11-JV-11242306-065]; Michigan State University AgBioResearch FX This research is supported by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station (Agreement 11-JV-11242306-065) and by Michigan State University AgBioResearch. We thank the NARCCAP team for conducting regional climate model simulations and making data available to this research. We also thank Julie Winkler and Lisi Pei for reviewing an early version of the manuscript, Joseph Charney for useful discussions, and the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2410 EP 2417 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0317.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250FW UT WOS:000326836900003 ER PT J AU Papaioannou, MA Cross, MB Power, TG Liu, Y Qu, HY Shewchuk, RM Hughes, SO AF Papaioannou, Maria A. Cross, Matthew B. Power, Thomas G. Liu, Yan Qu, Haiyan Shewchuk, Richard M. Hughes, Sheryl O. TI Feeding Style Differences in Food Parenting Practices Associated With Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Children From Low-income Families SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE feeding styles; food parenting practices; child; fruit and vegetable intake; focus group ID WEIGHT STATUS; DIETARY PATTERNS; TELL US; CONSUMPTION; CHILDHOOD; BEHAVIORS; OBESITY; INTERVENTION; OVERWEIGHT; COMMUNITY AB Objective: To examine the moderating effects of feeding styles on the relationship between food parenting practices and fruit and vegetable (F & V) intake in low-income families with preschool-aged children. Design: Focus group meetings with Head Start parents were conducted by using the nominal group technique. Parents completed information on food parenting practices and feeding styles. Three dietary recalls were collected on each child. Setting: Parents completed measures in Head Start centers and/or over the telephone. Participants: 667 parents of preschool-aged children participated. Outcomes: Food parenting practices and F & V intake. Analysis: Mean differences in the food parenting practices across the 4 feeding styles were established through multivariate general linear modeling using MANOVA. Moderated multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the moderating role of feeding style on food parenting practices and child F & V intake. Results: The indulgent feeding style moderated the relationship between food parenting practices and child F & V intake. Conclusions and Implications: This study indicates that parents' feeding styles have a moderating effect on the relationship between the food parenting practices and children's F & V intake. This finding can facilitate the development of interventions aimed at reducing childhood overweight. C1 [Papaioannou, Maria A.; Liu, Yan; Hughes, Sheryl O.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Cross, Matthew B.] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX USA. [Power, Thomas G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Human Dev, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Qu, Haiyan; Shewchuk, Richard M.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Hlth Serv Adm, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Hughes, SO (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM shughes@bcm.edu OI Cross, Matthew B./0000-0002-9495-0976 FU National Cancer Institute [R01 CA102671] FX This research was supported by funds from the National Cancer Institute (grant R01 CA102671). NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 EI 1878-2620 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 45 IS 6 BP 643 EP 651 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2013.05.007 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 247EA UT WOS:000326596800022 PM 23860101 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, BD Hilmers, A O'Connor, TM AF Rodriguez, Betty del Rio Hilmers, Angela O'Connor, Teresia M. TI Hispanic Parents of Overweight and Obese Children and Their Outcome Expectations for Children's Television Viewing: A Qualitative Study SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE qualitative research; television; Hispanics; parents; child ID BODY-MASS INDEX; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; US CHILDREN; MEDIA; ADOLESCENTS; YOUTH; PREVALENCE AB Objective: Explore parental outcome expectations (OE) regarding children's television (TV) viewing among parents of overweight or obese children. Methods: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 20 parents of 5-to 8-year-old overweight or obese children. Results: Parent's positive OE for allowing TV viewing were the convenience of using TV for entertainment or as a babysitter. Hispanic parents would limit children's TV viewing to improve their children's health, restrict content, and promote other activities. Negative OE such as children misbehavior and the loss of positive OE for allowing TV emerged as reasons parents may not limit TV. Conclusions and Implications: Although Hispanic parents expected to improve their child's health by limiting TV, the negative OE may prevent them from doing so. Interventions targeting children's TV viewing, as a strategy to fight childhood obesity, may be more effective if they promote parent's positive OE and address parent's negative OE for children's TV viewing. C1 [Rodriguez, Betty del Rio] Univ Texas Med Sch Houston, Div Community & Gen Pediat, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hilmers, Angela] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [O'Connor, Teresia M.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Sect Acad Gen Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Rodriguez, BD (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Sch Houston, Div Community & Gen Pediat, Dept Pediat, 6431 Fannin,JJL 495, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM delrio.betty@yahoo.com OI Hilmers, Angela/0000-0001-7640-0308 FU USDA/ARS [6250-51000] FX This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, BCM, funded in part by the USDA/ARS (Cooperative Agreement 6250-51000). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of organizations imply endorsement from the United States government. The authors thank Jason A. Mendoza, MD, MPH, and Teresa Duryea, MD for reviews of earlier drafts of the manuscript; and Alicia Beltrean, MPH, for assistance with the software used for data analysis. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 EI 1878-2620 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 45 IS 6 BP 718 EP 722 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2013.04.263 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 247EA UT WOS:000326596800033 ER PT J AU Kottapalli, KR Zabet-Moghaddam, M Rowland, D Faircloth, W Mirzaei, M Haynes, PA Payton, P AF Kottapalli, Kameswara Rao Zabet-Moghaddam, Masoud Rowland, Diane Faircloth, Wilson Mirzaei, Mehdi Haynes, Paul A. Payton, Paxton TI Shotgun Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics of Water-Deficit-Stressed Midmature Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seed SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE peanut; water-deficit stress; pod development; label-free proteomics ID EARLY REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOISTURE-STRESS; ABIOTIC STRESS; BRASSICA-NAPUS; PROTEIN; DROUGHT; GROUNDNUT; RESPONSES; MAIZE AB Legume seeds and peanuts, in particular, are an inexpensive source of plant proteins and edible oil. A comprehensive understanding of seed metabolism and the effects of water-deficit stress on the incorporation of the main storage reserves in seeds, such as proteins, fatty acids, starch, and secondary metabolites, will enhance our ability to improve seed quality and yield through molecular breeding programs. In the present study, we employed a label-free quantitative proteomics approach to study the functional proteins altered in the midmature (65-70 days postanthesis) peanut seed grown under water-deficit stress conditions. We created a pod-specific proteome database and identified 93 nonredundant, statistically significant, and differentially expressed proteins between well-watered and drought-stressed seeds. Mapping of these differential proteins revealed three candidate biological pathways (glycolysis, sucrose and starch metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism) that were significantly altered due to water-deficit stress. Differential accumulation of proteins from these pathways provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed physiological changes, which include reductions in pod yield and biomass, reduced germination, reduced vigor, decreased seed membrane integrity, increase in storage proteins, and decreased total fatty acid content. Some of the proteins encoding rate limiting enzymes of biosynthetic pathways could be utilized by breeders to improve peanut seed production during water-deficit conditions in the field. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000308. C1 [Kottapalli, Kameswara Rao; Zabet-Moghaddam, Masoud] Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Biotechnol & Genom, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Rowland, Diane] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Faircloth, Wilson] USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Mirzaei, Mehdi] Macquarie Univ, Australian Sch Adv Med, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Haynes, Paul A.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Payton, Paxton] USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Payton, P (reprint author), USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM paxton.payton@ars.usda.gov FU Ogallala Aquifer Initiative; USDA-ARS CRIS [6208-21000-012-00D] FX We thank Marie Syapin and Pratibha Kottapalli for technical help. We also thank Susan San Francisco for valuable suggestions during the preparation of the manuscript. This research was supported by grants from the Ogallala Aquifer Initiative and USDA-ARS CRIS 6208-21000-012-00D. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 12 IS 11 BP 5048 EP 5057 DI 10.1021/pr400936d PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 247JZ UT WOS:000326615000029 PM 24094305 ER PT J AU Muniz, CR Freire, FCO Soares, AA Cooke, PH Guedes, MIF AF Muniz, Celli R. Freire, Francisco C. O. Soares, Arlete Aparecida Cooke, Peter H. Guedes, Maria I. F. TI The ultrastructure of shelled and unshelled cashew nuts SO MICRON LA English DT Article DE Cashew kernel; Confocal scanning laser microscopy; Lipid body; Scanning electron microscopy ID ANACARDIUM-OCCIDENTALE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BRAZIL NUTS; INTERFACE; COTYLEDON; PERICARP; ALMONDS; TESTA AB Cashew nuts have many attributes, including sensory, nutritional and health appeal, which contribute to their worldwide acceptance. We demonstrate details of the microstructure of shelled and unshelled cashew kernels with regard to pericarp and cotyledon organization. This study also provides evidence of the colonization of these kernels by filamentous fungi. Nuts were examined by scanning electron and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Staining with acridine orange was performed. A tight lignified palisade layer adjacent to the exocarp surface explains the hardness of the shell's pericarp. The mesocarp contains large secretory cavities that confer a spongy property to this tissue. Papillose cells, which are responsible for secreting CNSL (cashew nutshell liquid), were observed to cover the inner wall of these cavities. Lipid components are readily released from the parenchyma and appear as oil droplets. The outer surface of the shelled samples exhibited a dense Aspergillus infestation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Muniz, Celli R.; Freire, Francisco C. O.] Embrapa Agroind Trop, BR-60511110 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Soares, Arlete Aparecida] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Biol, BR-60451970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Cooke, Peter H.] ARS, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Guedes, Maria I. F.] Univ Estadual Ceara, Ctr Ciencia Saude, BR-1700 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RP Muniz, CR (reprint author), Embrapa Agroind Trop, Rua Dra Sara Mesquita,2270 Planalto Pici, BR-60511110 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM celli.muniz@embrapa.br RI Soares, Arlete/I-2473-2012; Guedes, Maria Izabel/C-3755-2016; OI Muniz, Celli/0000-0003-3977-8533 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 54-55 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2013.08.006 PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 249JR UT WOS:000326774000005 PM 24045033 ER PT J AU Batra, P Das, SK Salinardi, T Robinson, L Saltzman, E Scott, T Pittas, AG Roberts, SB AF Batra, Payal Das, Sai Krupa Salinardi, Taylor Robinson, Lisa Saltzman, Edward Scott, Tammy Pittas, Anastassios G. Roberts, Susan B. TI Eating Behaviors as Predictors of Weight Loss in a 6 Month Weight Loss Intervention SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DIABETES PREVENTION; DIETARY RESTRAINT; LOSS MAINTENANCE; SELF-EFFICACY; OBESE WOMEN; DISINHIBITION; OVERWEIGHT; QUESTIONNAIRE; INVENTORY AB Objective: To examine associations between eating behavior constructs and weight loss (WL) in a 6-month WL intervention in worksites. Design and Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial of a group behavioral WL intervention versus wait-listed control was conducted at four worksites. Measures included body weight and the eating behavior constructs restraint, disinhibition, hunger, and their sub-constructs. Rates of intervention meeting attendance and weight self-monitoring were also quantified. Results: WL was greater in intervention participants than controls (Delta I=-8.1 +/- 6.8 kg, Delta C +0.9 +/- 3.6 kg, P<0.001). Between-group analyses showed that the intervention was associated with increased restraint (Delta I=5.43 +/- 4.25, Delta C=0.29 +/- 3.80, P<0.001), decreased disinhibition (Delta I=-2.5 +/- 3.63, Delta C=0.66 +/- 1.85, P<0.001) and decreased hunger (Delta I=-2.79 +/- 3.13, Delta C=0.5 +/- 62.63, P<0.001), and changes in all eating behavior subscales. Greater WL in intervention participants was correlated with higher baseline hunger (r=-0.25, P=0.03), increased restraint (r=-0.35, P=0.001), decreased disinhibition (r=0.26, P=0.02), and decreased hunger (r=-0.36, P=0.001). However, in a multiple regression model including rates of meeting attendance and self-monitoring, decreased hunger was the only eating behavior change that predicted weight loss (R-2=0.57, P<0.001). Conclusion: Decreased hunger was the strongest predictor of WL in this intervention with relatively high mean WL. Further studies are needed to confirm the central role of hunger management in successful WL. C1 [Batra, Payal; Das, Sai Krupa; Salinardi, Taylor; Robinson, Lisa; Saltzman, Edward; Scott, Tammy; Roberts, Susan B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pittas, Anastassios G.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-0-0014]; Tufts University; Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University [H15001-DAX023] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture agreement no. 58-1950-0-0014 with Tufts University and H15001-DAX023 by the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University. Role of the Sponsor: The sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1930-7381 EI 1930-739X J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD NOV PY 2013 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2256 EP 2263 DI 10.1002/oby.20404 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 247RO UT WOS:000326637400015 PM 23512619 ER PT J AU Wachter, RM Salvucci, ME Carmo-Silva, AE Barta, C Genkov, T Spreitzer, RJ AF Wachter, Rebekka M. Salvucci, Michael E. Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete Barta, Csengele Genkov, Todor Spreitzer, Robert J. TI Activation of interspecies-hybrid Rubisco enzymes to assess different models for the Rubisco-Rubisco activase interaction SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CO2 fixation; Molecular chaperone; Protein-protein interaction; Conformational remodeling; Chlamydomonas; Chloroplast ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASES; SMALL-SUBUNIT; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; PROTEASOMAL ATPASES; CO2/O2 SPECIFICITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TOBACCO SMALL; SUBSTRATE; PROTEIN AB Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is prone to inactivation from non-productive binding of sugar-phosphates. Reactivation of Rubisco requires conformational remodeling by a specific chaperone, Rubisco activase. Rubisco activase from tobacco and other plants in the family Solanaceae is an inefficient activator of Rubisco from non-Solanaceae plants and from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. To determine if the Rubisco small subunit plays a role in the interaction with Rubisco activase, a hybrid Rubisco (SSNT) composed of tobacco small subunits and Chlamydomonas large subunits was constructed. The SSNT hybrid, like other hybrid Rubiscos containing plant small subunits, supported photoautotrophic growth in Chlamydomonas, but growth in air was much slower than for cells containing wild-type Rubisco. The kinetic properties of the SSNT hybrid Rubisco were similar to the wild-type enzyme, indicating that the poor growth in air was probably caused by disruption of pyrenoid formation and the consequent impairment of the CO(2)concentrating mechanism. Recombinant Rubisco activase from Arabidopsis activated the SSNT hybrid Rubisco and hybrid Rubiscos containing spinach and Arabidopsis small subunits at rates similar to the rates with wild-type Rubisco. However, none of the hybrid Rubiscos was activated by tobacco Rubisco activase. That replacement of Chlamydomonas small subunits with plant small subunits does not affect the species-specific interaction between Rubisco and Rubisco activase suggests that the association is not dominated by the small subunits that surround the Rubisco central solvent channel. Therefore, the geometry of a side-on binding mode is more consistent with the data than a top-on or ring-stacking binding mode. C1 [Wachter, Rebekka M.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Salvucci, Michael E.; Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete; Barta, Csengele] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Genkov, Todor; Spreitzer, Robert J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM mike.salvucci@ars.usda.gov FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the United States Department of Energy through Photosynthetic Systems [DE-FG02-00ER15044, DE-FG02-09ER16123, DE-AI02-97ER20268] FX This study was funded by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the United States Department of Energy through Photosynthetic Systems Grants DE-FG02-00ER15044 to R.J.S., DE-FG02-09ER16123 to R. M. W. and DE-AI02-97ER20268 to M. E. S. The authors would like to thank Professor Govindjee for his many contributions to photosynthesis including encouraging publication of the first report of Rubisco activase in Photosynthesis Research 7: 193-201 (1985). NR 53 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 EI 1573-5079 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 117 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 557 EP 566 DI 10.1007/s11120-013-9827-0 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 247GN UT WOS:000326604900041 PM 23613007 ER PT J AU Liu, M Szabo, LJ Hambleton, S Anikster, Y Kolmer, JA AF Liu, Miao Szabo, Les J. Hambleton, Sarah Anikster, Yehoshua Kolmer, James A. TI Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of the Brown Leaf Rust Fungi on Wheat, Rye, and Other Grasses SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA; MORPHOLOGY; RECONDITA; ACCURACY; CEREALS AB The classification of brown leaf rust fungi (Puccinia recondite complex and allied species) on wheat (Triticum aestivum), rye (Secale cereale), and other grasses in the family Poaceae has experienced a long history of controversy and uncertainty due to the reduced morphological characteristics available for taxonomy and difficulty of conducting interfertility experiments. However, because these are pathogens on important crops, it is important to clarify the species delimitations reflecting the natural lineages. In this study, phylogenetic analyses were conducted with DNA sequence data from the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region and elongation factor 1-alpha to elucidate this species complex. Three phylogenetic lineages were recovered within the complex of rye leaf rust fungi, P. recondita sensu stricto, which is congruent with existing classifications based on DNA content, sexual compatibility, and morphological studies. The brown leaf rust fungus on wheat (P. triticina) grouped with the related species P. persistens on Elymus repens and E. intermedia as a strongly supported clade. Collections on other Elymus spp. were separated into six clades. Based on the phylogenetic affinities of nine type specimens and aecial host associations, potential taxonomic names were evaluated for selected lineages. C1 [Liu, Miao; Szabo, Les J.; Kolmer, James A.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hambleton, Sarah] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Anikster, Yehoshua] Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Inst Cereal Crops Improvement, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Jim.Kolmer@ARS.USDA.gov NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1408 EP 1417 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-13-0152-RE PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244TJ UT WOS:000326412800003 ER PT J AU Zambrano, JL Francis, DM Redinbaugh, MG AF Luis Zambrano, Jose Francis, David M. Redinbaugh, Margaret G. TI Identification of Resistance to Maize rayado fino virus in Maize Inbred Lines SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CHLOROTIC DWARF VIRUS; STREAK-VIRUS; MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION; LEAFHOPPER TRANSMISSION; VASCULAR PUNCTURE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; HOST-RANGE; MARAFIVIRUS; GERMPLASM; CULTIVARS AB Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes one of the most important virus diseases of maize in America. Severe yield losses, ranging from 10 to 50% in landraces to nearly 100% in contemporary cultivars, have been reported. Resistance has been reported in maize populations, but few resistant inbred lines have been identified. Maize inbred lines representing the range of diversity in the cultivated types and selected lines known to be resistant to other viruses were evaluated to identify novel sources of resistance to MRFV. The virus was transmitted to maize seedlings using the vector Dalbulus maidis, and disease incidence and severity were evaluated beginning 7 days postinoculation. Most of the 36 lines tested were susceptible to MRFV, with mean disease incidence ranging from 21 to 96%, and severity from 1.0 to 4.3 (using a 0 to 5 severity scale). A few genotypes, including CML333 and Kill, showed intermediate levels of resistance, with 14 and 10% incidence, respectively. Novel sources of resistance, with incidence of less than 5% and severity ratings of 0.4 or less, included the inbred lines Oh1VI, CML287, and Cuba. In Oh1VI, resistance appeared to be dominant, and segregation of resistance in F-2 plants was consistent with one or two resistance genes. The discovery of novel sources of resistance in maize inbred lines will facilitate the identification of virus resistance genes and their incorporation into breeding programs. C1 [Luis Zambrano, Jose; Francis, David M.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Luis Zambrano, Jose] Inst Nacl Autonomo Invest Agr INIAP, Programa Nacl Maiz, Quito, Ecuador. [Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] ARS, USDA, Corn Soybean & Wheat Qual Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Redinbaugh, MG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Soybean & Wheat Qual Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM peg.redinbaugh@ars.usda.gov RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 FU Instituto Nacional Autonomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Ecuador FX We thank M. Jones (USDA-ARS) for valuable discussion and for providing seeds of inbred lines and F1 and F2 populations. We thank S. Taba from CIMMYT for helpful discussion and for providing seed. We also thank C. Gardner from NCRPIS for seed of the NAM founder lines, and Michele Gardiner (Syngenta Seeds Inc.) for Spirit sweet corn seed. We are grateful to Charlie Summers, UC-Riverside, CA for providing the Dalbulus maidis, to J. Todd (USDA-ARS) for maintaining the insect colony, and to K. Willie (USDA-ARS) for technical assistance. J. L. Zambrano thanks the Instituto Nacional Autonomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Ecuador for a fellowship to support his Ph.D. studies. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1418 EP 1423 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-13-0037-RE PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244TJ UT WOS:000326412800004 ER PT J AU Nischwitz, C Skantar, A Handoo, ZA Hult, MN Schmitt, ME McClure, MA AF Nischwitz, Claudia Skantar, Andrea Handoo, Zafar A. Hult, Maria N. Schmitt, Mark E. McClure, Michael A. TI Occurrence of Meloidogyne fallax in North America, and Molecular Characterization of M. fallax and M. minor from U.S. Golf Course Greens SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; CHITWOODI GOLDEN; HOST STATUS; 1ST RECORD; SCAR-PCR; CROPS; HAPLA; IDENTIFICATION; HETERODERIDAE AB Several species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are known to have significant presence on turfgrass in golf course greens, particularly in the western United States. Nematodes isolated from a golf course in King County, WA were identified as Meloidogyne minor based on analysis of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU 28S D2-D3 expansion segment), the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS rDNA), the intergenic spacer region 2 (IGS2), and the nuclear protein-coding gene Hsp90. Sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers that were originally designed to be specific for M. fallax were found to cross-react with M. minor. A population from California was determined to be M. fallax based on juvenile tail morphology and analysis of the ribosomal markers and Hsp90, comprising the first report of this species in North America. Using trees based on Hsp90 genomic alignments, the phylogenetic relationships of these populations and known root-knot nematode species were congruent with previous trees based on ribosomal genes. Resolution of M. fallax and M. chitwoodi using Hsp90 was equivalent to species separation obtained with 28S or 18S rDNA alignments. The strengths and weaknesses of ribosomal and Hsp90 markers, and the use of SCAR polymerase chain reaction as diagnostic tools are discussed. C1 [Nischwitz, Claudia] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Skantar, Andrea; Handoo, Zafar A.; Hult, Maria N.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schmitt, Mark E.; McClure, Michael A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Skantar, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM andrea.skantar@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1424 EP 1430 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-13-0263-RE PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244TJ UT WOS:000326412800005 ER PT J AU Pethybridge, SJ Gent, DH Groom, T Hay, FS AF Pethybridge, Sarah J. Gent, David H. Groom, Tim Hay, Frank S. TI Minimizing Crop Damage Through Understanding Relationships Between Pyrethrum Phenology and Ray Blight Disease Severity SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LIGULICOLA VAR. INOXYDABILIS; FUNGICIDE-BASED MANAGEMENT; GROWING DEGREE-DAYS; PHOMA-LIGULICOLA; FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES; FOLIAR DISEASE; LATENT-PERIOD; FIELDS; EPIDEMICS; TASMANIA AB The most damaging foliar disease of pyrethrum in Australia is ray blight caused by Stagonosporopsis tanaceti. The probability of growers incurring economic losses caused by this disease has been substantially reduced by the implementation of a prophylactically applied spring fungicide program. This has been traditionally initiated when 50% of the stems have reached between 5 and 10 cm in height. Data collected on the emergence of stems from semidormant plants over late winter from 27 fields across northern Tasmania from 2009 to 2011 were used to develop a degree-day model to assist with initiation of the fungicide program. Temporal changes in cumulative proportion of plants with elongated stems were well described by a logistic growth model (R-2 >= 0.97 across all fields). These models were used to calculate the number of days until 50% of the sampling units had at least one elongated stem for the calculation of simple degree-days, assuming a nominal biofix date of the austral winter solstice. The median date for 50% stem elongation was estimated as 30 August in these data sets. Mean error and root mean square error of degree-day models were minimized when a base of 0 degrees C was selected. Mixed-model analysis found prediction errors to be significantly affected by geographic region, requiring the use of scalar correction factors for specific production regions. In the Western region, 50% stem emergence was predicted at 590.3 degree-days (mean prediction error = 0.7 days), compared with 644.6 (mean prediction error = 7.7 days) in the Coastal region and 684.7 (mean prediction error = 0.7 days) degree-days in the Inland region. The importance of fungicide timing for initiation of the spring disease management program in minimizing losses (expressed as percent disease control in October) was also quantified. This relationship was best explained by a split-line regression with a significant break-point of 513.8 degree-days, which corresponded to 10.7% of sampling units with elongated stems. Overall, this research indicated that disease management may be improved by applying the first fungicide of the program substantially earlier in phenological development of the stems than currently recommended. C1 [Pethybridge, Sarah J.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Gent, David H.] USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gent, David H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Groom, Tim] Bot Resources Australia Agr Serv Pty Ltd, Sandy Bay, Tas, Australia. [Hay, Frank S.] Univ Tasmania, Tasmanian Inst Agr, Burnie, Tas 7320, Australia. RP Pethybridge, SJ (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM Sarah.Pethybridge@plantandfood.co.nz FU Australian Commonwealth Government [PY09002]; Botanical Resources Australia-Agricultural Services Pty. Ltd.; Pyrethrum Growers' Research and Development Committee FX We thank the financial supporters of our programs, including Botanical Resources Australia-Agricultural Services Pty. Ltd., the Pyrethrum Growers' Research and Development Committee, matched funding from the Australian Commonwealth Government through project PY09002 facilitated by Horticulture Australia Ltd., and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS 5358-21000-045-00; and L. Hingston and L. Head for technical assistance. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1431 EP 1437 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-12-1102-RE PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244TJ UT WOS:000326412800006 ER PT J AU Kandel, SL Smiley, RW Garland-Campbell, K Elling, AA Abatzoglou, J Huggins, D Rupp, R Paulitz, TC AF Kandel, Shyam L. Smiley, Richard W. Garland-Campbell, Kimberly Elling, Axel A. Abatzoglou, John Huggins, David Rupp, Richard Paulitz, Timothy C. TI Relationship Between Climatic Factors and Distribution of Pratylenchus spp. in the Dryland Wheat-Production Areas of Eastern Washington SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; ROOT-LESION NEMATODE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WINTER-WHEAT; RANGELAND GRASSES; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; P. THORNEI; NEGLECTUS; POPULATIONS; PENETRANS AB Field surveys were conducted by collecting soil samples to estimate nematode densities in soil from winter wheat, spring wheat, spring barley, and spring legumes (lentil, chickpea, and pea) fields during 2010 and 2011. Pratylenchus spp. were observed in 60% of sampled fields. However, nematodes were detected in nearly all of the survey fields in high numbers where crops were grown every year. To identify climatic variables associated with density of Pratylenchus spp. in soil, correlation and regression analyses were performed using climate data of survey sites from 1979 to 2010. Fifty-seven climate variables were significantly correlated with densities of Pratylenchus spp. All precipitation variables were significantly positively correlated with nematode abundance. Summer maximum air temperature was negatively correlated and winter minimum air temperature was positively correlated with nematode densities. In addition, both years' nematode densities were significantly correlated with cropping intensity. Five multivariate regression models for 2010 and seven models for 2011 nematode abundance levels were developed. The majority of the climate variables selected in the models were related to precipitation. Knowledge of root-lesion nematode distribution in the dryland region of eastern Washington and associated climate variables may be helpful to determine risk and apply management practices to minimize crop damage. C1 [Kandel, Shyam L.; Elling, Axel A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Smiley, Richard W.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Garland-Campbell, Kimberly] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Abatzoglou, John] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Huggins, David] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rupp, Richard] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Paulitz, Timothy C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803; Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750 FU Washington Grain Commission; O. A. Vogel Foundation, Washington State University; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Turkey from the US-AID collaboration, as part of the global initiative "Integrated Management of Soil-Borne Pathogens and Pests for Resource-Poor Farmers of Rainfed Wheat" FX This study was supported by a grant from the Washington Grain Commission and the O. A. Vogel Foundation, Washington State University. We thank J. Nicol of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Turkey for funding from the US-AID collaboration, as part of the global initiative "Integrated Management of Soil-Borne Pathogens and Pests for Resource-Poor Farmers of Rainfed Wheat"; and D. Sharma-Poudyal for assistance with modeling. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1448 EP 1456 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-12-1060-RE PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244TJ UT WOS:000326412800008 ER PT J AU Harveson, RM Bolton, MD AF Harveson, R. M. Bolton, M. D. TI First Evidence of a Binucleate Rhizoctonia as the Causal Agent of Dry Rot Canker of Sugar Beet in Nebraska. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Harveson, R. M.] Univ Nebraska, Panhandle REC, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Bolton, M. D.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Harveson, RM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Panhandle REC, 4502 Ave 1, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1508 EP 1509 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-13-0375-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244TJ UT WOS:000326412800027 ER PT J AU Yang, HC Stewart, JM Hartman, GL AF Yang, H. -C. Stewart, J. M. Hartman, G. L. TI First Report of Colletotrichum chlorophyti Infecting Soybean Seed in Arkansas, United States. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Yang, H. -C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stewart, J. M.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Yang, HC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1510 EP 1511 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-13-0441-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244TJ UT WOS:000326412800031 ER PT J AU Bobev, SG Taphradjiiski, OI Hammond, J Vaira, AM AF Bobev, S. G. Taphradjiiski, O. I. Hammond, J. Vaira, A. M. TI First Report of Freesia sneak virus Associated with Foliar Necrosis of Freesia refracta in Bulgaria. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Bobev, S. G.; Taphradjiiski, O. I.] Univ Agr, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria. [Hammond, J.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vaira, A. M.] CNR, Ist Virol Vegetale, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RP Bobev, SG (reprint author), Univ Agr, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria. RI Vaira, Anna Maria/B-9082-2015 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1514 EP 1515 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-13-0046-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244TJ UT WOS:000326412800041 ER PT J AU Acevedo, V Rodrigues, JCV de Jensen, CE Webster, CG Adkins, S Wessel-Beaver, L AF Acevedo, V. Rodrigues, J. C. V. de Jensen, C. E. Webster, C. G. Adkins, S. Wessel-Beaver, L. TI First Report of Squash vein yellowing virus Affecting Watermelon and Bitter Gourd in Puerto Rico. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Acevedo, V.; Rodrigues, J. C. V.] Univ Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Agr Expt Stn, Virol Lab, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [de Jensen, C. E.] UPR, Fortuna Expt Stn, Juana Diaz, PR 00795 USA. [Webster, C. G.; Adkins, S.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Wessel-Beaver, L.] UPR, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Acevedo, V (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Agr Expt Stn, Virol Lab, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. OI Verle Rodrigues, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-2537-3167 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1516 EP 1516 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-13-0322-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244TJ UT WOS:000326412800044 ER PT J AU Almeyda, CV Abad, JA Pesic-VanEsbroeck, Z AF Almeyda, C. V. Abad, J. A. Pesic-VanEsbroeck, Z. TI First Report of Sweet potato virus G and Sweet potato virus 2 Infecting Sweetpotato in North Carolina. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID POTYVIRUSES C1 [Almeyda, C. V.; Pesic-VanEsbroeck, Z.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Abad, J. A.] USDA, APHIS PPQ FO PGQP, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Almeyda, CV (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1516 EP 1516 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-13-0359-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244TJ UT WOS:000326412800045 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Hunt, ER Zhang, L Guo, HD AF Wang, Cuizhen Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Zhang, Li Guo, Huadong TI Phenology-assisted classification of C-3 and C-4 grasses in the US Great Plains and their climate dependency with MODIS time series SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Great Plains; MODIS time series; Plant functional types; Phenology; Climate change ID VEGETATION INDEXES; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; PRAIRIE; GRASSLANDS; DISCRIMINATION; PRODUCTIVITY; KANSAS; NDVI AB Grassland ecosystems in the North America are primarily composed of C-3 and C-4 plant functional types (PFTs) that have different responses to the changing climate. Knowledge of their spatial distributions and temporal variations helps us better understand the ecological functions and climate dependencies of grasslands. This study used the 500-m MODIS surface reflectance products (MOD09A1) from 2000 to 2009 to extract NDVI time series of C-3 and C-4 grass PFTs in different floristic regions (tallgrass, shortgrass, and mixed-grass prairies.) A set of phenology metrics, including Start of Season, End of Season, Season Length, Peak NDVI, Peak Date, and END VI, were found useful in delineating these grass types. A phenology-assisted decision tree classifier was developed to map the four grass PFTs in the Great Plains. The relative abundance of C-3 and C-4 PFTs generally showed the expected latitudinal shifts. Longitudinal shifts of tallgrass and shortgrass PFTs were also in agreement with the distributions of floristic prairie regions. In shortgrass and northern mixed prairies, shortgrass C-3 was located in the north while shortgrass C-4 was in the south. The native tallgrass C-4 remained in prairie remnants, although other native grasslands had been mostly converted to croplands or tallgrass C-3-dominated pastures. The interannual spatial variations of PFTs were statistically correlated with climate factors over a 10-year study period. The preliminary findings revealed that the strength and direction of correlations varied geographically and seasonally for different PFTs. This spatio-temporally explicit information may provide quantitative inputs in ecological forecasting for various climate change scenarios. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Cuizhen] Univ Missouri, Dept Geog, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wang, Cuizhen; Zhang, Li; Guo, Huadong] Chinese Acad Sci, CEODE, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM CWang@mailbox.sc.edu FU Director Innovation Foundation of the Center of Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Y2ZZ19101B]; National Basic Research Program of China (973) [2009CB723906] FX The study was supported by the Director Innovation Foundation of the Center of Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. Y2ZZ19101B) and the National Basic Research Program of China (973) (Grant No. 2009CB723906). We also thank Dr. Bruce K. Wylie at USGS EROS who Kindly provided us the C4 potential map in the Great Plains. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 138 BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.025 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 249HC UT WOS:000326767300009 ER PT J AU Padmanabhan, E Eswaran, H Reich, PF AF Padmanabhan, E. Eswaran, H. Reich, P. F. TI Soil carbon stocks in Sarawak, Malaysia SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Soil carbon; Sequestration; Sarawak; Malaysia; Degradation ID SUBTROPICAL SOILS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; MANAGEMENT; EMISSIONS; FLUXES; WORLD; CO2 AB The relationship between greenhouse gas emission and climate change has led to research to identify and manage the natural sources and sinks of the gases. CO2, CH4, and N2O have an anthropic source and of these CO2 is the least effective in trapping long wave radiation. Soil carbon sequestration can best be described as a process of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and relocating into soils in a form that is not readily released back into the atmosphere. The purpose of this study is to estimate carbon stocks available under current conditions in Sarawak, Malaysia. SOC estimates are made for a standard depth of 100 cm unless the soil by definition is less than this depth, as in the case of lithic subgroups. Among the mineral soils, Inceptisols tend to generally have the highest carbon contents (about 25 kg m(-2) m(-1)), while Oxisols and Ultisols rate second (about 10-15 kg m(-2) m(-1)). The Oxisols store a good amount of carbon because of an appreciable time-frame to sequester carbon and possibly lower decomposition rates for the organic carbon that is found at 1 m depths. Wet soils such as peatlands tend to store significant amounts of carbon. The highest values estimated for such soils are about 114 kg m(-2) m(-1). Such appreciable amounts can also be found in the Aquepts. In conclusion, it is pertinent to recognize that degradation of the carbon pool, just like desertification, is a real process and that this irreversible process must be addressed immediately. Therefore, appropriate soil management practices should be instituted to sequester large masses of soil carbon on an annual basis. This knowledge can be used effectively to formulate strategies to prevent forest fires and clearing: two processes that can quickly release sequestered carbon to the atmosphere in an almost irreversible manner. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Padmanabhan, E.] Univ Teknol PETRONAS, Fac Geosci & Petr Engn, Dept Geosci, Tronoh 31750, Perak, Malaysia. [Eswaran, H.; Reich, P. F.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Padmanabhan, E (reprint author), Univ Teknol PETRONAS, Fac Geosci & Petr Engn, Dept Geosci, Tronoh 31750, Perak, Malaysia. EM Eswaran_padmanabhan@petronas.com.my NR 46 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 465 SI SI BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.024 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 249HA UT WOS:000326767100020 PM 23541401 ER PT J AU Salas-Leiva, DE Meerow, AW Calonje, M Griffith, MP Francisco-Ortega, J Nakamura, K Stevenson, DW Lewis, CE Namoff, S AF Salas-Leiva, Dayana E. Meerow, Alan W. Calonje, Michael Griffith, M. Patrick Francisco-Ortega, Javier Nakamura, Kyoko Stevenson, Dennis W. Lewis, Carl E. Namoff, Sandra TI Phylogeny of the cycads based on multiple single-copy nuclear genes: congruence of concatenated parsimony, likelihood and species tree inference methods SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; Cycadales; Bowenia; Stangeria; Dioon; gymnosperms; molecular systematics ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; MOLECULAR RELATIONSHIPS; CERATOZAMIA ZAMIACEAE; BAYESIAN-ESTIMATION; MULTILOCUS DATA; SEED PLANT; DATA SET; EVOLUTION; ARGENTINA AB Despite a recent new classification, a stable phylogeny for the cycads has been elusive, particularly regarding resolution of Bowenia, Stangeria and Dioon. In this study, five single-copy nuclear genes (SCNGs) are applied to the phylogeny of the order Cycadales. The specific aim is to evaluate several gene treespecies tree reconciliation approaches for developing an accurate phylogeny of the order, to contrast them with concatenated parsimony analysis and to resolve the erstwhile problematic phylogenetic position of these three genera. DNA sequences of five SCNGs were obtained for 20 cycad species representing all ten genera of Cycadales. These were analysed with parsimony, maximum likelihood (ML) and three Bayesian methods of gene treespecies tree reconciliation, using Cycas as the outgroup. A calibrated date estimation was developed with Bayesian methods, and biogeographic analysis was also conducted. Concatenated parsimony, ML and three species tree inference methods resolve exactly the same tree topology with high support at most nodes. Dioon and Bowenia are the first and second branches of Cycadales after Cycas, respectively, followed by an encephalartoid clade (MacrozamiaLepidozamiaEncephalartos), which is sister to a zamioid clade, of which Ceratozamia is the first branch, and in which Stangeria is sister to Microcycas and Zamia. A single, well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis of the generic relationships of the Cycadales is presented. However, massive extinction events inferred from the fossil record that eliminated broader ancestral distributions within Zamiaceae compromise accurate optimization of ancestral biogeographical areas for that hypothesis. While major lineages of Cycadales are ancient, crown ages of all modern genera are no older than 12 million years, supporting a recent hypothesis of mostly Miocene radiations. This phylogeny can contribute to an accurate infrafamilial classification of Zamiaceae. C1 [Salas-Leiva, Dayana E.; Calonje, Michael; Francisco-Ortega, Javier] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Salas-Leiva, Dayana E.; Meerow, Alan W.; Nakamura, Kyoko] USDA ARS SHRS, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Calonje, Michael; Griffith, M. Patrick; Lewis, Carl E.] Montgomery Bot Ctr, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Francisco-Ortega, Javier] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Coral Gables, FL 33156 USA. [Stevenson, Dennis W.] New York Bot Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Namoff, Sandra] Rancho Santa Ana Bot Garden, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Namoff, Sandra] Claremont Grad Univ, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS SHRS, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM alan.meerow@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB 1050340]; Montgomery Botanical Center FX We thank S. Wang, M. Alford and T. Samarakoon for providing a sample and recipe for the PCR adjuvant TBT-PAR 5X. This is contribution number 261 from the Tropical Biology Program of Florida International University. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant DEB 1050340 and by a Christiane Tyson Research Fellowship to D.S-L. through Montgomery Botanical Center. NR 134 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 54 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 EI 1095-8290 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 112 IS 7 BP 1263 EP 1278 DI 10.1093/aob/mct192 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 243AX UT WOS:000326289900013 PM 23997230 ER PT J AU Tillman, GE Simmons, M Garrish, JK Seal, BS AF Tillman, Glenn E. Simmons, Mustafa Garrish, Johnna K. Seal, Bruce S. TI Expression of a Clostridium perfringens genome-encoded putative N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase as a potential antimicrobial to control the bacterium SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enzybiotic; Alternative antimicrobial; Bacteriophage; Prophage; Autolysin; Animal/human health ID CORTEX-LYTIC ENZYME; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; PEPTIDOGLYCAN HYDROLASE; RETAIL FOODS; CELL-WALL; RESISTANCE; PROTEINS; SLEC AB Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that plays a substantial role in non-foodborne human, animal, and avian diseases as well as human foodborne disease. Previously discovered C. perfringens bacteriophage lytic enzyme amino acid sequences were utilized to identify putative prophage lysins or autolysins by BLAST analyses encoded by the genomes of C. perfringens isolates. A predicted N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase or MurNAc-LAA (also known as peptidoglycan aminohydrolase, NAMLA amidase, NAMLAA, amidase 3, and peptidoglycan amidase; EC 3.5.1.28) was identified that would hydrolyze the amide bond between N-acetylmuramoyl and l-amino acids in certain cell wall glycopeptides. The gene encoding this protein was subsequently cloned from genomic DNA of a C. perfringens isolate by polymerase chain reaction, and the gene product (PlyCpAmi) was expressed to determine if it could be utilized as an antimicrobial to control the bacterium. By spot assay, lytic zones were observed for the purified amidase and the E. coli expression host cellular lysate containing the amidase gene. Turbidity reduction and plate counts of C. perfringens cultures were significantly reduced by the expressed protein and observed morphologies for cells treated with the amidase appeared vacuolated, non-intact, and injured compared to the untreated cells. Among a variety of C. perfringens strains, there was little gene sequence heterogeneity that varied from 1 to 21 nucleotide differences. The results further demonstrate that it is possible to discover lytic proteins encoded in the genomes of bacteria that could be utilized to control bacterial pathogens. C1 [Tillman, Glenn E.; Simmons, Mustafa; Garrish, Johnna K.; Seal, Bruce S.] ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Seal, BS (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Bruce.Seal@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS CRIS project) [6612-32000-060]; National Center for Research Resources [5P20RR016464-11]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences from National Institutes of Health [8 P20 GM103440-11] FX Support for the research was provided by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS CRIS project #6612-32000-060). The authors acknowledge primary amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses of the recombinant protein by Ms. Rebekah Woolsey and Dr. Kathleen Schegg at the Nevada Proteomics Center which operates under the auspices of grants from the National Center for Research Resources (5P20RR016464-11) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (8 P20 GM103440-11) from the National Institutes of Health. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 EI 1432-072X J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 195 IS 10-11 BP 675 EP 681 DI 10.1007/s00203-013-0916-4 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 236RG UT WOS:000325816300001 PM 23934074 ER PT J AU Ma, D Notaro, M Liu, ZY Chen, GS Liu, YQ AF Ma, Di Notaro, Michael Liu, Zhengyu Chen, Guangshan Liu, Yongqiang TI Simulated impacts of afforestation in East China monsoon region as modulated by ocean variability SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Afforestation; CCSM3.5; CLM-DGVM; East China monsoon region; Ocean variability; WES feedback ID LAND-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VEGETATION FEEDBACKS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; BOREAL FOREST; DEFORESTATION; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; COVER; TRANSPIRATION AB Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model Version 3.5, this paper examines the climatic effects of afforestation in the East China monsoon region with a focus on land-atmosphere interactions and the modulating influence of ocean variability. In response to afforestation, the local surface air temperature significantly decreases in summer and increases in winter. The summer cooling is attributed to enhanced evapotranspiration from increased tree cover. During winter, afforestation induces greater roughness and weaker winds over the adjacent coastal ocean, leading to diminished latent heat flux and increased sea-surface temperature (SST). The enhanced SST supports greater atmospheric water vapor, which is accompanied by anomalous wind, and transported into the East China monsoon region. The increase in atmospheric water vapor favors more cloud cover and precipitation, especially in the eastern afforestation region. Furthermore, the increase in atmospheric water vapor and cloud cover produce a greenhouse effect, raising the wintertime surface air temperature. By comparing simulations in which ocean temperature are either fixed or variable, we demonstrate that a significant hydrologic response in East China to afforestation only occurs if ocean temperatures are allowed to vary and the oceanic source of moisture to the continent is enhanced. C1 [Ma, Di] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Key Lab Land Surface Proc & Climate Change Cold &, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Ma, Di; Notaro, Michael; Chen, Guangshan] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ma, Di] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu, Zhengyu] Perking Univ, Lab Climate Ocean & Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yongqiang] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Ma, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM madi@lzb.ac.cn FU USDA Forest Service; NSF; China Scholarship Council; [2012CB955200]; [GYHY200906016]; [2010CB950503] FX The USDA Forest Service, NSF, 2012CB955200, GYHY200906016, 2010CB950503 and China Scholarship Council funded this work. The simulations were made using NERSC computer resources. The authors thank Dr. Robert Gallimore, Bjorn Brooks, Fuyao Wang and Xinyao Rong for discussion. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 41 IS 9-10 BP 2439 EP 2450 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1592-9 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 242LY UT WOS:000326244700011 ER PT J AU Corella, D Carrasco, P Sorli, JV Estruch, R Rico-Sanz, J Martinez-Gonzalez, MA Salas-Salvado, J Covas, MI Coltell, O Aros, F Lapetra, J Serra-Majem, L Ruiz-Gutierrez, V Warnberg, J Fiol, M Pinto, X Ortega-Azorin, C Munoz, MA Martinez, JA Gomez-Gracia, E Gonzalez, JI Ros, E Ordovas, JM AF Corella, Dolores Carrasco, Paula Sorli, Jose V. Estruch, Ramon Rico-Sanz, Jesus Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel Salas-Salvado, Jordi Isabel Covas, M. Coltell, Oscar Aros, Fernando Lapetra, Jose Serra-Majem, Lluis Ruiz-Gutierrez, Valentina Warnberg, Julia Fiol, Miquel Pinto, Xavier Ortega-Azorin, Carolina Angel Munoz, Miguel Alfredo Martinez, J. Gomez-Gracia, Enrique Gonzalez, Jose I. Ros, Emilio Ordovas, Jose M. TI Mediterranean Diet Reduces the Adverse Effect of the TCF7L2-rs7903146 Polymorphism on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Stroke Incidence A randomized controlled trial in a high-cardiovascular-risk population SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID TCF7L2 GENE POLYMORPHISMS; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; GLYCEMIC INDEX; US WOMEN; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; VARIANT; CARBOHYDRATE AB OBJECTIVETranscription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphisms are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes, but controversially with plasma lipids and cardiovascular disease. Interactions of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on these associations are unknown. We investigated whether the TCF7L2-rs7903146 (C>T) polymorphism associations with type 2 diabetes, glucose, lipids, and cardiovascular disease incidence were modulated by MedDiet.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA randomized trial (two MedDiet intervention groups and a control group) with 7,018 participants in the PREvencion con DIetaMEDiterranea study was undertaken and major cardiovascular events assessed. Data were analyzed at baseline and after a median follow-up of 4.8 years. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular events.RESULTSThe TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism was associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.87 [95% CI 1.62-2.17] for TT compared with CC). MedDiet interacted significantly with rs7903146 on fasting glucose at baseline (P interaction = 0.004). When adherence to the MedDiet was low, TT had higher fasting glucose concentrations (132.3 3.5 mg/dL) than CC+CT (127.3 +/- 3.2 mg/dL) individuals (P = 0.001). Nevertheless, when adherence was high, this increase was not observed (P = 0.605). This modulation was also detected for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (P interaction < 0.05 for all). Likewise, in the randomized trial, TT subjects had a higher stroke incidence in the control group (adjusted HR 2.91 [95% CI 1.36-6.19]; P = 0.006 compared with CC), whereas dietary intervention with MedDiet reduced stroke incidence in TT homozygotes (adjusted HR 0.96 [95% CI 0.49-1.87]; P = 0.892 for TT compared with CC).CONCLUSIONSOur novel results suggest that MedDiet may not only reduce increased fasting glucose and lipids in TT individuals, but also stroke incidence. C1 [Corella, Dolores; Carrasco, Paula; Sorli, Jose V.; Rico-Sanz, Jesus; Ortega-Azorin, Carolina; Gonzalez, Jose I.] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Valencia, Spain. [Corella, Dolores; Carrasco, Paula; Sorli, Jose V.; Estruch, Ramon; Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Isabel Covas, M.; Coltell, Oscar; Aros, Fernando; Lapetra, Jose; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Ruiz-Gutierrez, Valentina; Warnberg, Julia; Fiol, Miquel; Pinto, Xavier; Ortega-Azorin, Carolina; Alfredo Martinez, J.; Gomez-Gracia, Enrique; Gonzalez, Jose I.; Ros, Emilio] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Madrid, Spain. [Estruch, Ramon] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Internal Med, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain. [Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel] Univ Navarra, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain. [Salas-Salvado, Jordi] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Human Nutr Unit, Fac Med, Inst Invest Sanitaria Pere Virgili, E-43201 Reus, Spain. [Isabel Covas, M.] Municipal Inst Med Res, Cardiovasc Epidemiol Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Coltell, Oscar] Jaume I Univ, Sch Technol & Expt Sci, Dept Comp Languages & Syst, Castellon de La Plana, Spain. [Aros, Fernando] Hosp Txagorritxu, Dept Cardiol, Vitoria, Spain. [Lapetra, Jose] San Pablo Hlth Ctr, Primary Care Div Sevilla, Dept Family Med, Seville, Spain. [Serra-Majem, Lluis] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Dept Clin Sci, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. [Ruiz-Gutierrez, Valentina] CSIC, Inst Grasa, Seville, Spain. [Warnberg, Julia; Gomez-Gracia, Enrique] Univ Malaga, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Malaga, Spain. [Fiol, Miquel] Hosp Son Dureta, Univ Inst Hlth Sci Invest, Palma De Mallorca, Isla Baleares, Spain. [Pinto, Xavier] Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Lipids & Vasc Risk Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Angel Munoz, Miguel] Catalan Inst Hlth, Primary Care Div, Barcelona, Spain. [Alfredo Martinez, J.] Univ Navarra, Dept Nutr Food Sci Physiol & Toxicol, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. [Ros, Emilio] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi Sunyer, Lipid Clin, Endocrinol & Nutr Serv, Barcelona, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Inst Madrilenos Estudios Avanzados Alimentac, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Corella, D (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Valencia, Spain. EM dolores.corella@uv.es RI Lapetra, Jose/F-2552-2015; Fiol, Miguel/F-6793-2016; IBIS, ATENCION PRIMARIA/I-3524-2016; Salas-Salvado, Jordi/C-7229-2017; OI Salas-Salvado, Jordi/0000-0003-2700-7459; Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel A./0000-0002-3917-9808; Martinez Hernandez, J Alfredo/0000-0001-5218-6941; Munoz, Miguel-Angel/0000-0002-4083-3248 FU Spanish Ministry of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III); Ministry of Economy and Innovation [PI051839, PI070240, PI1001407, G03/140, CIBER 06/03, RD06/0045, PI07-0954, CNIC-06, PI11/02505, SAF2009-12304, AGL2010-22319-C03-03]; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Generalitat Valenciana [AP111/10, AP-042/11, BEST11-263, BEST/2011/261, GVACOMP2011-151, ACOMP/2011/145, ACOMP/2012/190, ACOMP/2013/159] FX This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and the Ministry of Economy and Innovation (projects PI051839, PI070240, PI1001407, G03/140, CIBER 06/03, RD06/0045, PI07-0954, CNIC-06, PI11/02505, SAF2009-12304, and AGL2010-22319-C03-03), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service, and the Generalitat Valenciana (AP111/10, AP-042/11, BEST11-263, BEST/2011/261, GVACOMP2011-151, ACOMP/2011/145, ACOMP/2012/190, and ACOMP/2013/159). J.S.-S. is a nonpaid member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the International Nut Council. E.R. is a nonpaid member of the California Walnut Commission Scientific Advisory Committee. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 EI 1935-5548 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2013 VL 36 IS 11 BP 3803 EP 3811 DI 10.2337/dc13-0955 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 242VZ UT WOS:000326274100070 PM 23942586 ER PT J AU Sanchez, NCB Chaffin, R Carroll, JA Chase, CC Coleman, SW Spiers, DE AF Sanchez, N. C. Burdick Chaffin, R. Carroll, J. A. Chase, C. C., Jr. Coleman, S. W. Spiers, D. E. TI Heat-tolerant versus heat-sensitive Bos taurus cattle: influence of air temperature and breed on the metabolic response to a provocative immune challenge SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Angus; Romosinuano; Heat stress; Lipopolysaccharide; Metabolism ID LACTATING COWS; STRESS; ENDOTOXIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ROMOSINUANO; NUTRITION; INFUSION; HEIFERS; ANGUS AB The response of the immune and stress systems have been assessed in response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, yet the role of metabolism in mediating energy requirements during the acute phase response has not been sufficiently studied. This study tested heat-tolerant (Romosinuano [RO]) and heat-sensitive (Angus [ANG]) Bos taurus breeds at different ambient temperatures (T-a) to determine differential metabolic responses to LPS challenge. Twenty-one heifers (ANG: n = 11, 306 +/- 26 kg BW; RO: n = 10, 313 +/- 32 kg BW) were housed in stanchions in 4 temperature-controlled chambers. Initially, T-a in all 4 chambers was cycling at thermoneutrality (TN; 18.5 degrees C-23.5 degrees C) for a 1-wk adjustment period, followed by an increase in 2 chambers to cycling heat stress (HS; 24 degrees C-38 degrees C) for 2 wk. Five ANG and 5 RO heifers were housed at TN, whereas 6 ANG and 5 RO heifers were housed at HS. On day 19, heifers were fitted with jugular catheters. On day 20, heifers were challenged with LPS (0.5 mu g/kg BW; 0 h), and blood samples were collected from -2 to 8 h and at 24 h relative to LPS challenge. Serum was analyzed for glucose, insulin, and NEFA concentrations. In addition, feed intake was measured 3 d before and on the day of the challenge. Feed intake decreased over time (P < 0.001) and was decreased in heifers housed at HS compared with heifers housed at TN (P = 0.013). Glucose concentrations before LPS challenge were greater in RO (P = 0.01) than in ANG heifers and greater in TN-housed heifers (P = 0.02) than in HS heifers. Glucose after LPS challenge initially increased before decreasing below baseline concentrations (P < 0.01) in all heifers. In addition, there was a breed by T-a interaction (P < 0.004), such that HS decreased glucose concentrations in ANG heifers compared with ANG heifers housed at TN (P < 0.001), whereas HS did not affect glucose concentrations after LPS challenge in RO heifers (P = 0.941). Nonesterified fatty acid concentrations before LPS challenge were not affected by breed (P = 0.37) or T-a (P = 0.60). Although NEFA concentration after LPS challenge was unaffected by T-a (P = 0.78), there tended to be a breed by T-a interaction (P = 0.07) such that, when housed at HS, RO heifers had greater serum NEFA concentrations after LPS challenge than ANG heifers (P = 0.009). Insulin concentration before LPS challenge was greater in RO heifers than in ANG heifers (P < 0.01). Insulin after LPS challenge increased (P < 0.01), with RO heifers producing a greater insulin response than ANG heifers (P < 0.01). These data suggest that HS decreases the metabolic response of heat-sensitive ANG heifers in response to LPS challenge, thus providing physiological evidence that may explain differences observed in the acute phase response between heat-sensitive ANG and heat-tolerant RO cattle breeds. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Sanchez, N. C. Burdick; Carroll, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Chaffin, R.; Spiers, D. E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Chase, C. C., Jr.; Coleman, S. W.] ARS, USDA, SubTrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM jeff.carroll@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 EI 1879-0054 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 45 IS 4 BP 180 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.08.005 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 244YI UT WOS:000326425700002 ER PT J AU Aad, PY Echternkamp, SE Spicer, LJ AF Aad, P. Y. Echternkamp, S. E. Spicer, L. J. TI Possible role of IGF2 receptors in regulating selection of 2 dominant follicles in cattle selected for twin ovulations and births SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor; Granulosa cell; Theca cell; Ovarian follicles; Cattle ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; BOVINE GRANULOSA-CELLS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE RECEPTOR; OVARIAN FOLLICULAR-FLUID; FACTOR BINDING-PROTEINS; SIDE-CHAIN CLEAVAGE; REAL-TIME PCR; STIMULATING-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RNA; THECA CELLS AB Abundance of IGF-2 receptor (IGF2R), FSH receptor (FSHR), and LH receptor (LHCGR) mRNA in granulosa cells (GCs) or theca cells (TCs) or both cells as well as estradiol (E-2), progesterone (P-4), and androstenedione concentrations in follicular fluid were compared in cows genetically selected (Twinner) or not selected (control) for multiple ovulations and twin births. Cows were slaughtered at day 3 to 4 (day 3) and day 5 to 6 (day 5) of an estrous cycle, and ovaries, follicular fluid, GCs, and TCs were collected. The two largest (Fl and F2) E-2-active (EA) and E-2-inactive (EI) follicles were selected according to their E-2-to-P-4 ratio and diameter. Androstenedione levels in EA Fl and F2 follicles were 5-fold greater (P < 0.05) in Twinner cows than in control cows on day 3 but did not differ on day 5. Twinner cows also had greater (P < 0.05) E2 and P4 concentrations, whereas steroid levels in El follicles did not differ (P > 0.10) between genotypes. In EA F2 follicles, IGF2R levels in GCs were greater (P < 0.05) in control cows than in Twinner cows on day 3 and day 5, whereas IGF2R mRNA in TCs did not differ (P > 0.10). On day 3, FSHR mRNA levels were greater (P < 0.05) in GCs of EA Fl and El F2 follicles of control cows than of Twinner cows. LH receptor mRNA expression was less in GCs and greater in TCs of EA F2 follicles in control cows than in Twinner cows (P < 0.05). We hypothesize that reduced GC IGF2R expression in F2 follicles of Twinner cows may play a role in the development of 2 or more dominant follicles. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Aad, P. Y.; Spicer, L. J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Echternkamp, S. E.] USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Spicer, LJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 114 Anim Sci Bldg, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM leon.spicer@okstate.edu OI Spicer, Leon/0000-0003-2911-6130 FU National Research Initiative from USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-35203-15334] FX We thank D. Allen at Oklahoma State University for Technical Assistance, and the OSU Recombinant DNA/Protein Resource Facility for use of equipment. This work was supported in part by the National Research Initiative Competitive grant 2005-35203-15334 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, and approved by the Director of the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 EI 1879-0054 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 45 IS 4 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.09.001 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 244YI UT WOS:000326425700003 PM 24209503 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, Jae B. TI Isolation and quantification of major chlorogenic acids in three major instant coffee brands and their potential effects on H2O2-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptosis in PC-12 cells SO FOOD & FUNCTION LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; CYTOCHROME-C; IN-VITRO; DISEASE; GREEN; CONSUMPTION; HYPERTENSION; ANTIOXIDANT; CAFFEINE; OXIDASES AB Coffee is a most consumed drink worldwide, with potential health effects on several chronic diseases including neuronal degenerative diseases. Chlorogenic acids (CHAs) are phenolic compounds found in coffee and they are reported to have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the amounts of CHAs often vary in coffee drinks and their potential effects on ROS-induced neuronal cell death still require more investigation. Therefore, in this paper, major CHAs were isolated from three major instant coffee brands, confirmed and quantified using HPLC and NMR spectroscopic methods. Then, their antioxidant activities and protective effects on H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells were investigated using radical scavenging, mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase assays. In the coffee samples, three major CHAs (3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and some minor CHAs (3-O-feruloylquinic acid, 4-O-feruloylquinic acid, 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid) were detected. The three major CHAs were further isolated and their chemical structures were confirmed using NMR spectroscopic techniques. Also, the amounts of the three major CHAs were individually quantified using a HPLC method. At the concentration of 10 mu M, all three major CHAs quenched DPPH and/or xanthine oxidase-generated radical species by 21-51% (P < 0.014). They also inhibited H2O2-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-9 activation by 27% (P < 0.034) and 50% (P < 0.05), respectively. This study suggests that the major CHAs found in coffee are likely to be potent antioxidant compounds able to quench radical species as well as inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis via suppressing mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-9 activation in the cells. C1 ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Bldg 307C,Rm 131, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jae.park@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [1235-51000-054-00D] FX This study was funded by USDA (project number 1235-51000-054-00D). There is nothing to disclose about financial, consulting, and personal matters related to this paper. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-6496 EI 2042-650X J9 FOOD FUNCT JI Food Funct. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1632 EP 1638 DI 10.1039/c3fo60138b PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA 242ZW UT WOS:000326286900009 PM 24061869 ER PT J AU Nelson, EJ Kareiva, P Ruckelshaus, M Arkema, K Geller, G Girvetz, E Goodrich, D Matzek, V Pinsky, M Reid, W Saunders, M Semmens, D Tallis, H AF Nelson, Erik J. Kareiva, Peter Ruckelshaus, Mary Arkema, Katie Geller, Gary Girvetz, Evan Goodrich, Dave Matzek, Virginia Pinsky, Malin Reid, Walt Saunders, Martin Semmens, Darius Tallis, Heather TI Climate change's impact on key ecosystem services and the human well-being they support in the US SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CALIFORNIA; DISPERSAL; FISHERIES; BENEFITS; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; SNOWPACK; MARINE; YIELDS AB Climate change alters the functions of ecological systems. As a result, the provision of ecosystem services and the well-being of people that rely on these services are being modified. Climate models portend continued warming and more frequent extreme weather events across the US. Such weather-related disturbances will place a premium on the ecosystem services that people rely on. We discuss some of the observed and anticipated impacts of climate change on ecosystem service provision and livelihoods in the US. We also highlight promising adaptive measures. The challenge will be choosing which adaptive strategies to implement, given limited resources and time. We suggest using dynamic balance sheets or accounts of natural capital and natural assets to prioritize and evaluate national and regional adaptation strategies that involve ecosystem services. C1 [Nelson, Erik J.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Econ, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Kareiva, Peter; Girvetz, Evan] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary; Arkema, Katie; Tallis, Heather] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary; Arkema, Katie; Tallis, Heather] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary; Arkema, Katie; Girvetz, Evan] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Geller, Gary] NASA, Ecol Forecasting Program, CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Goodrich, Dave] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Matzek, Virginia; Saunders, Martin] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Environm Studies & Sci, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Pinsky, Malin] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Reid, Walt] David & Lucile Packard Fdn, Los Altos, CA USA. [Semmens, Darius] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nelson, EJ (reprint author), Bowdoin Coll, Dept Econ, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. EM enelson2@bowdoin.edu RI Pinsky, Malin/K-2884-2015; OI Pinsky, Malin/0000-0002-8523-8952; Geller, Gary/0000-0002-4490-6002 FU David H Smith Conservation Research Fellowship FX Part of the research described in this article was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. MLP's participation was supported by a David H Smith Conservation Research Fellowship. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 69 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 116 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 11 IS 9 BP 483 EP 493 DI 10.1890/120312 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 244CE UT WOS:000326363900005 ER PT J AU Montes, F Meinen, R Dell, C Rotz, A Hristov, AN Oh, J Waghorn, G Gerber, PJ Henderson, B Makkar, HPS Dijkstra, J AF Montes, F. Meinen, R. Dell, C. Rotz, A. Hristov, A. N. Oh, J. Waghorn, G. Gerber, P. J. Henderson, B. Makkar, H. P. S. Dijkstra, J. TI SPECIAL TOPICS-Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: II. A review of manure management mitigation options SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE manure; methane; mitigation; nitrous oxide ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-CARBON SEQUESTRATION; PHASE COMPOST BIOFILTERS; SWINE MANURE; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; CATTLE SLURRY AB This review analyzes published data on manure management practices used to mitigate methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from animal operations. Reducing excreted nitrogen (N) and degradable organic carbon (C) by diet manipulation to improve the balance of nutrient inputs with production is an effective practice to reduce CH4 and N2O emissions. Most CH4 is produced during manure storage; therefore, reducing storage time, lowering manure temperature by storing it outside during colder seasons, and capturing and combusting the CH4 produced during storage are effective practices to reduce CH4 emission. Anaerobic digestion with combustion of the gas produced is effective in reducing CH4 emission and organic C content of manure; this increases readily available C and N for microbial processes creating little CH4 and increased N2O emissions following land application. Nitrous oxide emission occurs following land application as a byproduct of nitrification and dentrification processes in the soil, but these processes may also occur in compost, biofilter materials, and permeable storage covers. These microbial processes depend on temperature, moisture content, availability of easily degradable organic C, and oxidation status of the environment, which make N2O emissions and mitigation results highly variable. Managing the fate of ammoniacal N is essential to the success of N2O and CH4 mitigation because ammonia is an important component in the cycling of N through manure, soil, crops, and animal feeds. Manure application techniques such as subsurface injection reduce ammonia and CH4 emissions but can result in increased N2O emissions. Injection works well when combined with anaerobic digestion and solids separation by improving infiltration. Additives such as urease and nitrification inhibitors that inhibit microbial processes have mixed results but are generally effective in controlling N2O emission from intensive grazing systems. Matching plant nutrient requirements with manure fertilization, managing grazing intensity, and using cover crops are effective practices to increase plant N uptake and reduce N2O emissions. Due to system interactions, mitigation practices that reduce emissions in one stage of the manure management process may increase emissions elsewhere, so mitigation practices must be evaluated at the whole farm level. C1 [Montes, F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Meinen, R.; Hristov, A. N.; Oh, J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dell, C.; Rotz, A.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Waghorn, G.] DairyNZ, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Gerber, P. J.; Henderson, B.; Makkar, H. P. S.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Agr & Consumer Protect Dept, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Dijkstra, J.] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Hristov, AN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM anh13@psu.edu RI Dijkstra, Jan/G-7680-2011; Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 OI Dijkstra, Jan/0000-0003-3728-6885; FU Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations FX This article is part of a series of articles examining methane and nitrous oxide mitigation practices for livestock operations. The article is derived in part from a published review of mitigation options for the livestock sector funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (Hristov et al., 2013b), with the consent of FAO. The views expressed in this information product are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. The authors would like to thank the experts who reviewed the original FAO report (in alphabetic order): M. Doreau, R. Eckard, D. Hongmin, T. McAllister, H. Montgomery, M. Powell, S. Sommer, and M. Tibbo. NR 220 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 15 U2 163 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 5070 EP 5094 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-6584 PG 25 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 246CZ UT WOS:000326515900002 PM 24045493 ER PT J AU Hristov, AN Ott, T Tricarico, J Rotz, A Waghorn, G Adesogan, A Dijkstra, J Montes, F Oh, J Kebreab, E Oosting, SJ Gerber, PJ Henderson, B Makkar, HPS Firkins, JL AF Hristov, A. N. Ott, T. Tricarico, J. Rotz, A. Waghorn, G. Adesogan, A. Dijkstra, J. Montes, F. Oh, J. Kebreab, E. Oosting, S. J. Gerber, P. J. Henderson, B. Makkar, H. P. S. Firkins, J. L. TI SPECIAL TOPICS-Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: III. A review of animal management mitigation options SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE greenhouse gas; livestock management; mitigation ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; RECOMBINANT BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; RESIDUAL FEED-INTAKE; DIFFERENT ROUGHAGE CONTENTS; HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS; DRY PERIOD MANAGEMENT; PASTORAL DAIRY FARMS; 2 COMPLETE DIETS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE AB The goal of this review was to analyze published data on animal management practices that mitigate enteric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from animal operations. Increasing animal productivity can be a very effective strategy for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of livestock product. Improving the genetic potential of animals through planned cross-breeding or selection within breeds and achieving this genetic potential through proper nutrition and improvements in reproductive efficiency, animal health, and reproductive lifespan are effective approaches for improving animal productivity and reducing GHG emission intensity. In subsistence production systems, reduction of herd size would increase feed availability and productivity of individual animals and the total herd, thus lowering CH4 emission intensity. In these systems, improving the nutritive value of low-quality feeds for ruminant diets can have a considerable benefit on herd productivity while keeping the herd CH4 output constant or even decreasing it. Residual feed intake may be a tool for screening animals that are low CH4 emitters, but there is currently insufficient evidence that low residual feed intake animals have a lower CH4 yield per unit of feed intake or animal product. Reducing age at slaughter of finished cattle and the number of days that animals are on feed in the feedlot can significantly reduce GHG emissions in beef and other meat animal production systems. Improved animal health and reduced mortality and morbidity are expected to increase herd productivity and reduce GHG emission intensity in all livestock production systems. Pursuing a suite of intensive and extensive reproductive management technologies provides a significant opportunity to reduce GHG emissions. Recommended approaches will differ by region and species but should target increasing conception rates in dairy, beef, and buffalo, increasing fecundity in swine and small ruminants, and reducing embryo wastage in all species. Interactions among individual components of livestock production systems are complex but must be considered when recommending GHG mitigation practices. C1 [Hristov, A. N.; Ott, T.; Oh, J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tricarico, J.] Innovat Ctr US Dairy, Rosemont, IL 60018 USA. [Rotz, A.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Waghorn, G.] DairyNZ, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Adesogan, A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Dijkstra, J.; Oosting, S. J.] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. [Montes, F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kebreab, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gerber, P. J.; Henderson, B.; Makkar, H. P. S.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Agr & Consumer Protect Dept, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Firkins, J. L.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hristov, AN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM anh13@psu.edu RI Kebreab, Ermias/E-9113-2012; Dijkstra, Jan/G-7680-2011; Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 OI Kebreab, Ermias/0000-0002-0833-1352; Dijkstra, Jan/0000-0003-3728-6885; FU Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations FX This article is part of a series of articles examining methane and nitrous oxide mitigation practices for livestock operations. The article is derived in part from a published review of mitigation options for the livestock sector funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (Hristov et al., 2013b), with the consent of FAO. The views expressed in this information product are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. The authors would like to thank the experts who reviewed the original report by Hristov et al. (2013b): M. Doreau, R. Eckard, D. Hongmin, T. McAllister, H. Montgomery, M. Powell, S. Sommer, and M. Tibbo. NR 182 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 88 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 5095 EP 5113 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-6585 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 246CZ UT WOS:000326515900003 PM 24045470 ER PT J AU Leymaster, KA Chitko-McKown, CG Clawson, ML Harhay, GP Heaton, MP AF Leymaster, K. A. Chitko-McKown, C. G. Clawson, M. L. Harhay, G. P. Heaton, M. P. TI Effects of TMEM154 haplotypes 1 and 3 on susceptibility to ovine progressive pneumonia virus following natural exposure in sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic resistance to disease; ovine progressive pneumonia; sheep; small ruminant lentivirus; TMEM154; transmembrane protein ID SMALL RUMINANT LENTIVIRUSES; MAEDI-VISNA-VIRUS; ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CAPRINE ARTHRITIS; SERUM ANTIBODIES; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; EWE; SEROPREVALENCE AB Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) adversely affect production and well-being of sheep and goats throughout much of the world. The SRLV, including ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) in North America, cause lifetime infections, and management procedures to eradicate or reduce disease prevalence are costly. Variants of ovine transmembrane protein 154 gene (TMEM154) affect susceptibility to OPPV. The primary experimental objective was to estimate additive and dominance effects of TMEM154 haplotypes 1 and 3 on susceptibility to OPPV infection following natural exposure. A group of 187 trial lambs was born and raised by mature, infected ewes to ensure natural exposure to OPPV. Parents of trial lambs were heterozygous for haplotypes 1 and 3, producing lambs with diplotypes "1 1," "1 3," and "3 3." A group of 20 sentinel lambs was born and raised by mature, uninfected ewes that were diplotype "1 1." Sentinel lambs had diplotypes "1 1" and "1 3," being sired by the same set of rams as trial lambs. Trial and sentinel lambs were comingled during the experiment. Lambs were weaned at 60 d of age, bled 1 wk after weaning, and thereafter at intervals of 4 or 5 wk until 9 mo of age when OPPV infection status was determined by use of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Only 1 sentinel lamb became infected. Infection status of trial lambs was analyzed using logistic regression procedures to account for the binary nature of infection status and random effects of sires. Effects of sex, type of birth, type of rearing, age of dam, breed type of dam, and sires were not detected (P > 0.20). Infection status was affected by diplotype of lamb (P = 0.005), with additive (P = 0.002) and dominance (P = 0.052) effects identified. Predicted probabilities of infection for lambs with diplotypes "1 1," "1 3," and "3 3" were 0.094, 0.323, and 0.346, respectively. Confidence intervals for probabilities of infection for diplotypes "1 3" and "3 3" were similar, but distinct from diplotype "1 1." These results are consistent with complete dominance of haplotype 3 relative to haplotype 1. The probability of infection at 9 mo of age for lambs with either diplotype "1 3" or "3 3" averaged 3.56 times that of lambs with diplotype "1 1." Genetic susceptibility to OPPV infection can be reduced by selection to increase the frequency of haplotype 1, resulting in a greater proportion of lambs with diplotype "1 1." C1 [Leymaster, K. A.; Chitko-McKown, C. G.; Clawson, M. L.; Harhay, G. P.; Heaton, M. P.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Leymaster, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM kreg.leymaster@ars.usda.gov OI Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 5114 EP 5121 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-6663 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 246CZ UT WOS:000326515900004 PM 23989875 ER PT J AU Devlin, RH Sakhrani, D White, S Overturf, K AF Devlin, R. H. Sakhrani, D. White, S. Overturf, K. TI Effects of domestication and growth hormone transgenesis on mRNA profiles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE domestication; gene expression; growth hormone; microarray; rainbow trout; transgenic ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CHARR SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; COHO SALMON; GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR-I; BODY-WEIGHT; WILD; KISUTCH; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION AB Growth rate can be genetically modified in many vertebrates by domestication and selection and more recently by transgenesis overexpressing growth factor genes [e.g., growth hormone (GH)]. Although the phenotypic end consequence is similar, it is currently not clear whether the same modifications to physiological pathways are occurring in both genetic processes or to what extent they may interact when combined. To investigate these questions, microarray analysis has been used to assess levels of mRNA in liver of wild-type and growth-modified strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This species has been used as a model because nondomesticated wild strains are available as comparators to assess genetic and physiological changes that have arisen both from domestication and from GH transgenesis. The analysis examined pure wild-type and pure domesticated strains as well as 2 different GH transgenes (with markedly different growth effects) both in pure wild and in wild x domesticated hybrid backgrounds. Liver mRNA showed highly concordant changes (Pearson correlations; r > 0.828; P < 0.001) in levels in domesticated and GH transgenic fish, relative to wildtype, for both up- and downregulated genes. Furthermore, among domesticated, transgenic, and their hybrid genotypes, a strong correlation (P < 0.001) was found between growth rate and the number of genes affected (r = 0.761 for downregulated mRNA and r = 0.942 for upregulated mRNA) or between growth rate and mRNA levels relative to wild-type (r = 0.931 for downregulated mRNA and r = 0.928 for upregulated mRNA). One GH transgenic strain was found to affect growth and mRNA levels similar to domestication whereas effects of the other GH transgenic strain were much stronger. For both GH transgenes, a hybrid domesticated x wild background influenced growth rate and mRNA levels to only a small extent relative to the transgenes in a pure wildtype genetic background. Functional analysis found that genes involved in immune function, carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification, transcription regulation, growth regulation, and lipid metabolism were affected in common by domestication and GH transgenesis. The common responses of mRNAs in domesticated and GH transgenic strains is consistent with the GH pathway or its downstream effects being upregulated in domesticated animals during their modification from wild-type growth rates. C1 [Devlin, R. H.; Sakhrani, D.; White, S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. [Overturf, K.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Devlin, RH (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. EM robert.devlin@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology. The authors appreciate the availability of cGRASP genomic resources for salmonids from the laboratories of Ben Koop (University of Victoria) and Willie Davidson (Simon Fraser University). The present research was supported by Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology funds provided to RHD. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 5247 EP 5258 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-6612 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 246CZ UT WOS:000326515900020 PM 24045478 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, NA Kerr, BJ Patience, JF AF Gutierrez, N. A. Kerr, B. J. Patience, J. F. TI Effect of insoluble-low fermentable fiber from corn-ethanol distillation origin on energy, fiber, and amino acid digestibility, hindgut degradability of fiber, and growth performance of pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amino acids; digestibility; energy; fiber; hindgut fermentation; pig ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; ENDOGENOUS NITROGEN LOSSES; TOTAL TRACT DIGESTIBILITY; SUGAR-BEET PULP; GROWING-PIGS; DIETARY FIBER; WHEAT BRAN; NONSTARCH POLYSACCHARIDES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; FINISHING PIGS AB Extensive use of corn coproducts in swine diets increases the concentration of dietary fiber, raising concerns on energy and nutrient digestibility and, ultimately, pig performance. A digestion trial was conducted to determine the effect of increasing levels of insoluble-low fermentable fiber from corn in the diet, using corn bran with solubles (CBS) from the corn-ethanol distillation industry, on digestibility of energy, fiber, and AA, and hindgut fermentation of fiber in diets fed to growing pigs. Fifteen growing pigs (BW = 28.7 kg) arranged in a 3-period incomplete block design and fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were provided 5 diets (n = 9) containing either a corn-casein basal or the basal diet with 10, 20, 30, or 40% CBS. Fecal and ileal digesta samples were collected. Two subsequent 28-d growth trials determined the effects of increasing dietary fiber from CBS in 2 sets of 7 diets formulated either with declining (growing phase:2,387 to 2,133 kcal NE/kg; finishing phase:2,499 to 2,209 kcal NE/kg) or constant dietary NE (growing phase approximate to 2,390 kcal NE/kg; finishing phase approximate to 2,500 kcal NE/kg) on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy in 70 growing (BW = 48.9 kg; n = 10 per diet) and 70 finishing (BW = 102.0 kg; n = 10) pigs. Results indicated that increasing fiber from corn lowered (P < 0.01) the apparent ileal digestibility of all indispensable amino acids except Arg, GE, DM, and CP but not NDF or total dietary fiber (TDF). Increased fiber from corn also reduced ATTD of GE, DM, CP, NDF, and TDF (P < 0.01). Increasing fiber with declining diet NE lowered BW, ADG, and G:F (P < 0.05) in growing and in finishing pigs. When NE was held constant, as fiber increased, BW and ADG were unaffected in growing and finishing pigs, and G:F was unaffected in finishing pigs but improved in growing pigs (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary fiber. In both growing and finishing pigs, ADFI was unaffected by the increased fiber from corn, regardless of the NE content of diets. In conclusion, the dietary level of insoluble-low fermentable dietary fiber from corn origin decreased the digestibility of dietary AA, and the ability of the growing pig to ferment corn dietary fiber. In spite of the reduction in digestibility of energy and nutrients with insoluble-low fermentable fiber level from corn, growth performance was not impaired when the energy supply is adequately balanced in the diet using the NE system. C1 [Gutierrez, N. A.; Patience, J. F.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kerr, B. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Patience, JF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jfp@iastate.edu FU National Pork Board (Des Moines, IA); Dakota Gold Research Foundation (Sioux Falls, SD) FX Financial support for this research was provided by the National Pork Board (Des Moines, IA) and Dakota Gold Research Foundation (Sioux Falls, SD). Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by Iowa State University or the USDA and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 5314 EP 5325 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-6328 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 246CZ UT WOS:000326515900027 PM 24045479 ER PT J AU Foote, AP Kristensen, NB Klotz, JL Kim, DH Koontz, AF McLeod, KR Bush, LP Schrick, FN Harmon, DL AF Foote, A. P. Kristensen, N. B. Klotz, J. L. Kim, D. H. Koontz, A. F. McLeod, K. R. Bush, L. P. Schrick, F. N. Harmon, D. L. TI Ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue decrease reticuloruminal epithelial blood flow and volatile fatty acid absorption from the washed reticulorumen SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine; ergovaline; fescue toxicosis; volatile fatty acid absorption ID DOPAMINE-RECEPTORS; SERUM PROLACTIN; CAUDAL ARTERY; BEEF HEIFERS; HEAT-STRESS; SHEEP; ERGOVALINE; CATTLE; STEERS; TISSUES AB An experiment was conducted to determine if ergot alkaloids affect blood flow to the absorptive surface of the rumen. Steers (n = 8) were pair-fed alfalfa cubes and received ground endophyte-infected (Neotyphodium coenophialum) tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum; E+) seed (0.015 mg ergovaline.kg BW-1.d(-1)) or endophyte-free tall fescue (E-) seed via the rumen cannula 2x daily for 7 d at thermoneutral (TN; 22 degrees C) and heat stress (HS; 32 degrees C) conditions. On d 8, the rumen was emptied and rinsed. A buffer containing VFA was incubated in the following sequence: control (CON), 15 mu g ergovaline.kg BW-1 (1xEXT) from a tall fescue seed extract, and 45 mu g ergovaline.kg BW-1 (3xEXT). For each buffer treatment there were two 30-min incubations: a 30-min incubation of a treatment buffer with no sampling followed by an incubation of an identical sampling buffer with the addition of Cr-EDTA and deuterium oxide (D2O). Epithelial blood flow was calculated as ruminal clearance of D2O corrected for influx of physiological water and liquid outflow. Feed intake decreased with dosing E+ seed at HS but not at thermoneutral conditions (TN; P < 0.02). Dosing E+ seed decreased serum prolactin (P < 0.005) at TN. At HS, prolactin decreased in both groups over the 8-d experiment (P < 0.0001), but there was no difference in E+ and E-steers (P = 0.33). There was a seed treatment x buffer treatment interaction at TN (P = 0.038), indicating that E+ seed treatment decreased reticuloruminal epithelial blood flow at TN during the CON incubation, but the two groups of steers were not different during 1xEXT and 3xEXT (P > 0.05). Inclusion of the extract in the buffer caused at least a 50% reduction in epithelial blood flow at TN (P = 0.004), but there was no difference between 1xEXT and 3xEXT. There was a seed x buffer treatment interaction at HS (P = 0.005), indicating that the reduction of blood flow induced by incubating the extract was larger for steers receiving E-seed than E+ seed. Volatile fatty acid flux was reduced during the 1xEXT and 3xEXT treatments (P < 0.01). An additional experiment was conducted to determine the effect of time on blood flow and VFA flux because buffer sequence could not be randomized. Time either increased (P = 0.05) or did not affect blood flow (P = 0.18) or VFA flux (P > 0.80), indicating that observed differences are due to the presence of ergot alkaloids in the rumen. A decrease in VFA absorption could contribute to the signs of fescue toxicosis including depressed growth and performance. C1 [Foote, A. P.; Kim, D. H.; Koontz, A. F.; McLeod, K. R.; Harmon, D. L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kristensen, N. B.] Knowledge Ctr Agr, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. [Klotz, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Bush, L. P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Schrick, F. N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Harmon, DL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dharmon@uky.edu OI Kristensen, Niels Bastian/0000-0003-0214-2929 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 5366 EP 5378 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-6517 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 246CZ UT WOS:000326515900032 PM 23989869 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Isenberg, BJ Stackhouse-Lawson, KR Pollak, EJ AF Rotz, C. A. Isenberg, B. J. Stackhouse-Lawson, K. R. Pollak, E. J. TI A simulation-based approach for evaluating and comparing the environmental footprints of beef production systems SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef production; carbon footprint; energy use; environment; nitrogen loss; water use ID UNITED-STATES; CARBON FOOTPRINT; EMISSIONS; EFFICIENCY; CATTLE AB A methodology was developed and used to determine environmental footprints of beef cattle produced at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) in Clay Center, NE, with the goal of quantifying improvements achieved over the past 40 yr. Information for MARC operations was gathered and used to establish parameters representing their production system with the Integrated Farm System Model. The MARC farm, cow-calf, and feedlot operations were each simulated over recent historical weather to evaluate performance, environmental impact, and economics. The current farm operation included 841 ha of alfalfa and 1,160 ha of corn to produce feed predominately for the beef herd of 5,500 cows, 1,180 replacement cattle, and 3,724 cattle finished per year. Spring and fall cow-calf herds were fed on 9,713 ha of pastureland supplemented through the winter with hay and silage produced by the farm operation. Feedlot cattle were backgrounded for 3 mo on hay and silage with some grain and finished over 7 mo on a diet high in corn and wet distillers grain. For weather year 2011, simulated feed production and use, energy use, and production costs were within 1% of actual records. A 25-yr simulation of their current production system gave an average annual carbon footprint of 10.9 +/- 0.6 kg of CO2 equivalent units per kg BW sold, and the energy required to produce that beef (energy footprint) was 26.5 +/- 4.5 MJ/kg BW. The annual water required (water footprint) was 21,300 +/- 5,600 L/kg BW sold, and the water footprint excluding precipitation was 2,790 +/- 910 L/kg BW. The simulated annual cost of producing their beef was US$2.11 +/- 0.05/kg BW. Simulation of the production practices of 2005 indicated that the inclusion of distillers grain in animal diets has had a relatively small effect on environmental footprints except that reactive nitrogen loss has increased 10%. Compared to 1970, the carbon footprint of the beef produced has decreased 6% with no change in the energy footprint, a 3% reduction in the reactive nitrogen footprint, and a 6% reduction in the real cost of production. The water footprint, excluding precipitation, has increased 42% due to greater use of irrigated corn production. This proven methodology provides a means for developing the production data needed to support regional and national full life cycle assessments of the sustainability of beef. C1 [Rotz, C. A.] ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Isenberg, B. J.] Penn State Univ, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stackhouse-Lawson, K. R.] Natl Cattlemens Beef Assoc, Centennial, CO 80112 USA. [Pollak, E. J.] ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov FU Beef Checkoff; USDA's Agricultural Research Service FX Funded in part by The Beef Checkoff and the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. The authors thank Larry Cundiff, Chad Engle, Gordon Hays, Bucky Herman, and John Rieckman of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center for providing current and historical information and data on the farm and cattle production practices of the Center. The USDA is an Equal Opportunity Employer. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 66 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 5427 EP 5437 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-6506 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 246CZ UT WOS:000326515900038 PM 24146148 ER PT J AU Abdelfattah, EM Schutz, MM Lay, DC Marchant-Forde, JN Eicher, SD AF Abdelfattah, E. M. Schutz, M. M. Lay, D. C., Jr. Marchant-Forde, J. N. Eicher, S. D. TI Effect of group size on behavior, health, production, and welfare of veal calves SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; group size; growth; health; veal calves; welfare ID HOUSED DAIRY CALVES; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SPACE ALLOWANCE; HOUSING SYSTEMS; ANIMAL-WELFARE; CROSS-SUCKING; PLAY-BEHAVIOR; MEAT QUALITY; SOLID FEEDS AB The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of group size on behavior, growth, health, and welfare of veal calves. Holstein-Friesian bull calves (n = 168; 44 +/- 3 d of age) were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments of group housing with 2, 4, or 8 calves per pen. The pens used for housing were 3 by 1.20 m (2 calves per pen), 3 by 2.40 m (4 calves per pen), and 3 by 4.80 m (8 calves per pen), supplying a total pen space allowance of 1.82 m(2)/calf, regardless of pen size. Behavior was recorded from video data throughout the day from 0700 to 1900 h during a single day each month for 5 mo using scan sampling every 5 min within 30-min observation sessions. On d 0, 1, 5, 14, 42, and 70 after grouping, continuous focal sampling around feeding time (30-min intervals before, during, and after feeding) focused on oral and aggressive behaviors. Calves housed in large groups (4 or 8 calves per pen) showed more (P <= 0.001) conspecific contact, walking, and standing and less (P < 0.001) manipulation of objects, self-licking, and lying when compared to calves housed in small groups (2 calves per pen). Group size had no effect on play behavior (P = 0.11) throughout the experiment. During feeding times group size had no (P >= 0.07) effect on any behavioral patterns except for duration of conspecific contact (P < 0.01). Aggression at feeding time was not (P > 0.23) affected by treatment. Group size treatments were similar for hip height change (P = 0.41) and heart girth change (P = 0.18) over the duration of the experiment; however, both hip height and heart girth increased (P = 0.001) with calf age. During mo 1, calves in groups of 8 or 4 coughed more than calves in groups of 2 whereas calves in groups of 8 coughed more than calves in groups of 4 or 2 in mo 2 (treatment x month, P = 0.03). Furthermore, during mo 4, calves in groups of 8 had less nasal discharge than calves in groups of 2 or 4 (treatment x month, P = 0.02). Ocular discharge, ears, and fecal scores did not differ (P >= 0.05) among treatments. Plasma cortisol was not (P >= 0.37) affected by group size. The number of veal calves in a group when given the same space did not affect production and physiological indicators of welfare but had a transient effect on health during the 5-mo finishing period. If increased play and social contact and decreased aggression are considered as primary indicators of welfare, group size did not alter calf welfare. C1 [Abdelfattah, E. M.] Benha Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Anim Hyg Behav & Management, Qalyubia 13736, Moshtohor, Egypt. [Schutz, M. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lay, D. C., Jr.; Marchant-Forde, J. N.; Eicher, S. D.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Susan.Eicher@ars.usda.gov RI Abdelfattah, Essam/D-2365-2016; OI Abdelfattah, Essam/0000-0002-7267-8406; Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 63 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 5455 EP 5465 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-6308 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 246CZ UT WOS:000326515900041 PM 23989884 ER PT J AU Tait, RG Downey, ED Mayes, MS Park, CA Ridpath, JF Garrick, DJ Reecy, JM AF Tait, R. G., Jr. Downey, E. D. Mayes, M. S. Park, C. A. Ridpath, J. F. Garrick, D. J. Reecy, J. M. TI Evaluation of response to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 vaccination and timing of weaning on yearling ultrasound body composition, performance, and carcass quality traits in Angus calves SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antibody; beef quality; bovine viral diarrhea virus; cattle; feedlot performance; vaccine response ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; MEAT TENDERNESS; FEEDLOT CATTLE; BEEF-CALVES; GROWTH; IMPACT AB There are concerns about antagonisms between immunity and animal productivity in livestock production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibody levels through a response to vaccination protocol, weaning timing, and their interaction on performance and carcass quality traits in Angus beef cattle. Final antibody level and response to vaccination were based on neutralizing serum antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVDV2). Calves were followed through development and the feedlot phase, with collection of yearling ultrasound (n = 957), preharvest (n = 762), and carcass (n = 673) data. In this study, 48% of the animals were observed to have positively responded to the vaccine, as evidenced by higher final antibody levels compared to prevaccination antibody levels. Increased final antibody levels were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with increased yearling weight and increased subcutaneous fat over the rump. An interaction between final antibody level and weaning time also was associated (P < 0.05) with Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and meat pH, with a favorable, negative relationship between final antibody and WBSF in calves weaned at initial vaccination. Overall antibody response by wean time interaction had a significant (P < 0.05) association with ADG and meat pH, with calves weaned at initial vaccination having a favorable, positive relationship between overall antibody response and ADG. Under both the final antibody and overall antibody response models, animals weaned at initial vaccination had significantly (P < 0.05) lower intramuscular fat at yearling time and conversely higher harvest weight than animals weaned at the booster vaccination. When antibody response was grouped (none, low, high), a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between antibody response group and weaning time was identified for ADG, harvest weight, and HCW. Animals weaned at the initial vaccination in the high antibody response group had the advantage for ADG, harvest weight, and HCW compared to animals in the high-response group that were weaned at booster vaccination. Linear increases in antibody response generally did not have negative effects on performance or carcass quality traits in finished cattle (P > 0.05). Therefore, producers should not be concerned about decreased production or quality attributes as a result of developing a robust antibody response to vaccination for BVDV2 in beef cattle. C1 [Tait, R. G., Jr.; Downey, E. D.; Mayes, M. S.; Park, C. A.; Garrick, D. J.; Reecy, J. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ridpath, J. F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Garrick, D. J.] Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Reecy, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jreecy@iastate.edu OI Garrick, Dorian/0000-0001-8640-5372; Tait, Jr., Richard/0000-0002-2379-7740 FU Beef Checkoff; Center for Integrated Animal Genomics at Iowa State University FX This project was funded in part by the Beef Checkoff and the Center for Integrated Animal Genomics at Iowa State University. The authors would like to acknowledge K. Maher, S. Ruble, L. Rossiter, W. Roush, and D. Maxwell at Iowa State University Outlying Demonstration and Research farms for their help with animal care and sample collection. The authors would also like to thank K. McMullen and P. Federico for their technical assistance with training and providing reagents for virus neutralization assays. This study would not have been possible without the help of E. Conrad and K. Lintz conducting virus neutralization assays. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 5466 EP 5476 DI 10.2527/jas.2012-5891 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 246CZ UT WOS:000326515900042 PM 24045477 ER PT J AU Bohnert, DW Stalker, LA Mills, RR Nyman, A Falck, SJ Cooke, RF AF Bohnert, D. W. Stalker, L. A. Mills, R. R. Nyman, A. Falck, S. J. Cooke, R. F. TI Late gestation supplementation of beef cows differing in body condition score: Effects on cow and calf performance SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; body condition score; production systems; supplementation ID LOW-QUALITY FORAGE; WINTER GRAZING SYSTEM; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; POSTPARTUM NUTRITION; CALVING DIFFICULTY; MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; BIRTH-WEIGHT; NITROGEN USE; GROWTH; PREPARTUM AB A 2-yr study utilizing 120 mature, crossbred (Angus x Herford) cows/year, evaluated the influence of cow BCS and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) supplementation during late gestation on cow performance and productivity of subsequent offspring. Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial in a randomized complete block design with 2 BCS and with or without DDGS supplementation. Cows were nutritionally managed to enter the last trimester of gestation with a BCS of approximately 4 (LBCS) or 6 (HBCS) and were thereafter managed in a single herd (initial BCS were 4.4 and 5.7 for LBCS and HBCS treatments, respectively). During the last trimester, 12.7 kg/cow of low quality meadow hay (6.4% CP; DM basis) was provided each day. Supplemented cows were gathered and sorted into pens (12 pens; 5 cows/pen; 6 pens/BCS) every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and received the equivalent of 0.9 kg/cow daily of DDGS (31% CP; DM basis; supplement was consumed within 30 min on each supplementation day). Calf birth weight was greater for HBCS compared to LBCS (P = 0.001) and for supplemented compared to nonsupplemented cows (P = 0.04). Cow weight at weaning was greater for HBCS compared with LBCS (P < 0.001); however, no differences were noted because of supplementation (P = 0.16). Weaning weight was greater for the offspring of supplemented compared to nonsupplemented cows (P = 0.02). There were no differences in postweaning calf performance (growing lot and feedlot) or carcass characteristics (P > 0.05) due to treatments. Nevertheless, HBCS cows had approximately 10% more live calves at birth and at weaning (P <= 0.01) compared to LBCS cows. Consequently, the total weaned calf weight per cow was 26 kg greater for HBCS compared with LBCS (P = 0.004). Pregnancy rate was greater (P = 0.05) for HBCS than LBCS cows (92% vs. 79%, respectively) but not affected by supplementation (P = 0.94). This research demonstrates the potential consequences of not maintaining cows in adequate BCS at calving. Also, though it appears that supplementation of beef cows with DDGS during late gestation has a positive effect on weaning weight, there was no apparent developmental programming effect on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of calves. C1 [Bohnert, D. W.; Nyman, A.; Cooke, R. F.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Stalker, L. A.] Univ Nebraska, West Cent Res & Extens Ctr, North Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Mills, R. R.] Oregon State Univ, Extens Serv, Pendleton, OR USA. [Falck, S. J.] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Bohnert, DW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM dave.bohnert@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA-ARS; Oregon Beef Council; Agricultural Research Foundation FX The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, including the Burns and Union Stations, is jointly funded by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA-ARS. Financial support for this research was provided by the Oregon Beef Council and the Agricultural Research Foundation. Appreciation is expressed to Tony Runnels, Vern Brown Jr., Lyle Black, Lynn Carlon, and Arthur Nyman for their assistance during this study. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 5485 EP 5491 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-6301 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 246CZ UT WOS:000326515900044 PM 23989877 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Knaus, BJ Mullins, TD Haig, SM AF Miller, Mark P. Knaus, Brian J. Mullins, Thomas D. Haig, Susan M. TI SSR_pipeline: A Bioinformatic Infrastructure for Identifying Microsatellites From Paired-End Illumina High-Throughput DNA Sequencing Data SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE next-generation DNA sequencing; Python; simple sequence repeat ID IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; MARKERS AB SSR_pipeline is a flexible set of programs designed to efficiently identify simple sequence repeats (e.g., microsatellites) from paired-end high-throughput Illumina DNA sequencing data. The program suite contains 3 analysis modules along with a fourth control module that can automate analyses of large volumes of data. The modules are used to 1) identify the subset of paired-end sequences that pass Illumina quality standards, 2) align paired-end reads into a single composite DNA sequence, and 3) identify sequences that possess microsatellites (both simple and compound) conforming to user-specified parameters. The microsatellite search algorithm is extremely efficient, and we have used it to identify repeats with motifs from 2 to 25bp in length. Each of the 3 analysis modules can also be used independently to provide greater flexibility or to work with FASTQ or FASTA files generated from other sequencing platforms (Roche 454, Ion Torrent, etc.). We demonstrate use of the program with data from the brine fly Ephydra packardi (Diptera: Ephydridae) and provide empirical timing benchmarks to illustrate program performance on a common desktop computer environment. We further show that the Illumina platform is capable of identifying large numbers of microsatellites, even when using unenriched sample libraries and a very small percentage of the sequencing capacity from a single DNA sequencing run. All modules from SSR_pipeline are implemented in the Python programming language and can therefore be used from nearly any computer operating system (Linux, Macintosh, and Windows). C1 [Miller, Mark P.; Mullins, Thomas D.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Knaus, Brian J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crop Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov OI Knaus, Brian/0000-0003-1665-4343 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; U.S. Forest Service FX U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; the U.S. Forest Service. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 104 IS 6 BP 881 EP 885 DI 10.1093/jhered/est056 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 239RL UT WOS:000326043000014 PM 24052535 ER PT J AU Hwang, HS Singh, M Bakota, EL Winkler-Moser, JK Kim, S Liu, SX AF Hwang, Hong-Sik Singh, Mukti Bakota, Erica L. Winkler-Moser, Jill K. Kim, Sanghoon Liu, Sean X. TI Margarine from Organogels of Plant Wax and Soybean Oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Organogel; Plant wax; Margarine; Spread; Firmness; Soybean oil; Trans fat ID EDIBLE OIL; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ACID; LECITHIN; GELATORS AB Organogels obtained from plant wax and soybean oil were tested for their suitability for incorporation into margarine. Sunflower wax, rice bran wax and candelilla wax were evaluated. Candelilla wax showed phase separation after making the emulsion with the formulation used in this study. Rice bran wax showed relatively good firmness with the organogel, but dramatically lowered firmness for a margarine sample. Sunflower wax showed the greatest firmness for organogel and the margarine samples among the three plant waxes tested in this study. Firmness of the margarine containing 2-6 % sunflower wax in soybean oil was similar to that of margarine containing 18-30 % hydrogenated soybean oil in soybean oil. The firmness of commercial spread could be achieved with about 2 % sunflower wax and that of commercial margarine could be achieved with about 10 % of sunflower wax in the margarine formulation. Dropping point, DSC and solid fat content of the new margarine containing 2-6 % sunflower wax showed a higher melting point than commercial margarine and spreads. C1 [Hwang, Hong-Sik; Singh, Mukti; Bakota, Erica L.; Winkler-Moser, Jill K.; Kim, Sanghoon; Liu, Sean X.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hwang, HS (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM hongsik.hwang@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 90 IS 11 BP 1705 EP 1712 DI 10.1007/s11746-013-2315-z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 238SK UT WOS:000325968900012 ER PT J AU Evans, KO Harry-O'kuru, RE AF Evans, Kervin O. Harry-O'kuru, Rogers E. TI Antioxidation Behavior of Milkweed Oil 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate Esters in Phospholipid Bilayers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Phospholipid vesicles; Antioxidant; Milkweed oil ester ID LIPOSOMAL MEMBRANES; CAPACITY ASSAY; ACID; VESICLES; PERMEABILITY; CHOLESTEROL; TEMPERATURE; TRIOLEIN AB Milkweed (Asclepia syriaca) has seed oil that is rich in polyunsaturated triacylglycerides that contain olefinic groups. The olefinic groups can be chemically oxidized to form either epoxy or polyhydroxy triacylglycerides that can be esterified with trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, commonly known as ferulic acid. Thin layer chromatography experiments demonstrated that these novel lipids incorporated well into phospholipid vesicles, did not form independent micelles, and their incorporation was not limited by the attached ferulic moiety. Leakage experiments showed that both epoxy derived and polyhydroxy ferulated triacylglycerides reduced leakage of vesicles. Lipid peroxidation measurements demonstrated that both epoxy derived and polyhydroxy forms of ferulated milkweed oil are capable of preventing lipid peroxidation with the polyhydroxy form having the greater capability. C1 [Evans, Kervin O.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Harry-O'kuru, Rogers E.] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Evans, KO (reprint author), ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kervin.Evans@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 90 IS 11 BP 1719 EP 1727 DI 10.1007/s11746-013-2323-z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 238SK UT WOS:000325968900014 ER PT J AU Willer, CJ Schmidt, EM Sengupta, S Peloso, GM Gustafsson, S Kanoni, S Ganna, A Chen, J Buchkovich, ML Mora, S Beckmann, JS Bragg-Gresham, JL Chang, HY Demirkan, A Den Hertog, HM Do, R Donnelly, LA Ehret, GB Esko, T Feitosa, MF Ferreira, T Fischer, K Fontanillas, P Fraser, RM Freitag, DF Gurdasani, D Heikkila, K Hypponen, E Isaacs, A Jackson, AU Johansson, A Johnson, T Kaakinen, M Kettunen, J Kleber, ME Li, XH Luan, JA Lyytikainen, LP Magnusson, PKE Mangino, M Mihailov, E Montasser, ME Muller-Nurasyid, M Nolte, IM O'Connell, JR Palmer, CD Perola, M Petersen, AK Sanna, S Saxena, R Service, SK Shah, S Shungin, D Sidore, C Song, C Strawbridge, RJ Surakka, I Tanaka, T Teslovich, TM Thorleifsson, G Van den Herik, EG Voight, BF Volcik, KA Waite, LL Wong, A Wu, Y Zhang, WH Absher, D Asiki, G Barroso, I Been, LF Bolton, JL Bonnycastle, LL Brambilla, P Burnett, MS Cesana, G Dimitriou, M Doney, ASF Doring, A Elliott, P Epstein, SE Eyjolfsson, GI Gigante, B Goodarzi, MO Grallert, H Gravito, ML Groves, CJ Hallmans, G Hartikainen, AL Hayward, C Hernandez, D Hicks, AA Holm, H Hung, YJ Illig, T Jones, MR Kaleebu, P Kastelein, JJP Khaw, KT Kim, E Klopp, N Komulainen, P Kumari, M Langenberg, C Lehtimaki, T Lin, SY Lindstrom, J Loos, RJF Mach, F McArdle, WL Meisinger, C Mitchell, BD Muller, G Nagaraja, R Narisu, N Nieminen, TVM Nsubuga, RN Olafsson, I Ong, KK Palotie, A Papamarkou, T Pomilla, C Pouta, A Rader, DJ Reilly, MP Ridker, PM Rivadeneira, F Rudan, I Ruokonen, A Samani, N Scharnagl, H Seeley, J Silander, K Stancakova, A Stirrups, K Swift, AJ Tiret, L Uitterlinden, AG van Pelt, LJ Vedantam, S Wainwright, N Wijmenga, C Wild, SH Willemsen, G Wilsgaard, T Wilson, JF Young, EH Zhao, JH Adair, LS Arveiler, D Assimes, TL Bandinelli, S Bennett, F Bochud, M Boehm, BO Boomsma, DI Borecki, IB Bornstein, SR Bovet, P Burnier, M Campbell, H Chakravarti, A Chambers, JC Chen, YDI Collins, FS Cooper, RS Danesh, J Dedoussis, G de Faire, U Feranil, AB Ferrieres, J Ferrucci, L Freimer, NB Gieger, C Groop, LC Gudnason, V Gyllensten, U Hamsten, A Harris, TB Hingorani, A Hirschhorn, JN Hofman, A Hovingh, GK Hsiung, CA Humphries, SE Hunt, SC Hveem, K Iribarren, C Jarvelin, MR Jula, A Kahonen, M Kaprio, J Kesaniemi, A Kivimaki, M Kooner, JS Koudstaal, PJ Krauss, RM Kuh, D Kuusisto, J Kyvik, KO Laakso, M Lakka, TA Lind, L Lindgren, CM Martin, NG Marz, W McCarthy, MI McKenzie, CA Meneton, P Metspalu, A Moilanen, L Morris, AD Munroe, PB Njolstad, I Pedersen, NL Power, C Pramstaller, PP Price, JF Psaty, BM Quertermous, T Rauramaa, R Saleheen, D Salomaa, V Sanghera, DK Saramies, J Schwarz, PEH Sheu, WHH Shuldiner, AR Siegbahn, A Spector, TD Stefansson, K Strachan, DP Tayo, BO Tremoli, E Tuomilehto, J Uusitupa, M van Duijn, CM Vollenweider, P Wallentin, L Wareham, NJ Whitfield, JB Wolffenbuttel, BHR Ordovas, JM Boerwinkle, E Palmer, CNA Thorsteinsdottir, U Chasman, DI Rotter, JI Franks, PW Ripatti, S Cupples, LA Sandhu, MS Rich, SS Boehnke, M Deloukas, P Kathiresan, S Mohlke, KL Ingelsson, E Abecasis, GR AF Willer, Cristen J. Schmidt, Ellen M. Sengupta, Sebanti Peloso, Gina M. Gustafsson, Stefan Kanoni, Stavroula Ganna, Andrea Chen, Jin Buchkovich, Martin L. Mora, Samia Beckmann, Jacques S. Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L. Chang, Hsing-Yi Demirkan, Ayse Den Hertog, Heleen M. Do, Ron Donnelly, Louise A. Ehret, Georg B. Esko, Tonu Feitosa, Mary F. Ferreira, Teresa Fischer, Krista Fontanillas, Pierre Fraser, Ross M. Freitag, Daniel F. Gurdasani, Deepti Heikkila, Kauko Hyppoenen, Elina Isaacs, Aaron Jackson, Anne U. Johansson, Asa Johnson, Toby Kaakinen, Marika Kettunen, Johannes Kleber, Marcus E. Li, Xiaohui Luan, Jian'an Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka Magnusson, Patrik K. E. Mangino, Massimo Mihailov, Evelin Montasser, May E. Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina Nolte, Ilja M. O'Connell, Jeffrey R. Palmer, Cameron D. Perola, Markus Petersen, Ann-Kristin Sanna, Serena Saxena, Richa Service, Susan K. Shah, Sonia Shungin, Dmitry Sidore, Carlo Song, Ci Strawbridge, Rona J. Surakka, Ida Tanaka, Toshiko Teslovich, Tanya M. Thorleifsson, Gudmar Van den Herik, Evita G. Voight, Benjamin F. Volcik, Kelly A. Waite, Lindsay L. Wong, Andrew Wu, Ying Zhang, Weihua Absher, Devin Asiki, Gershim Barroso, Ines Been, Latonya F. Bolton, Jennifer L. Bonnycastle, Lori L. Brambilla, Paolo Burnett, Mary S. Cesana, Giancarlo Dimitriou, Maria Doney, Alex S. F. Doering, Angela Elliott, Paul Epstein, Stephen E. Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur Ingi Gigante, Bruna Goodarzi, Mark O. Grallert, Harald Gravito, Martha L. Groves, Christopher J. Hallmans, Goran Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa Hayward, Caroline Hernandez, Dena Hicks, Andrew A. Holm, Hilma Hung, Yi-Jen Illig, Thomas Jones, Michelle R. Kaleebu, Pontiano Kastelein, John J. P. Khaw, Kay-Tee Kim, Eric Klopp, Norman Komulainen, Pirjo Kumari, Meena Langenberg, Claudia Lehtimaki, Terho Lin, Shih-Yi Lindstrom, Jaana Loos, Ruth J. F. Mach, Francois McArdle, Wendy L. Meisinger, Christa Mitchell, Braxton D. Mueller, Gabrielle Nagaraja, Ramaiah Narisu, Narisu Nieminen, Tuomo V. M. Nsubuga, Rebecca N. Olafsson, Isleifur Ong, Ken K. Palotie, Aarno Papamarkou, Theodore Pomilla, Cristina Pouta, Anneli Rader, Daniel J. Reilly, Muredach P. Ridker, Paul M. Rivadeneira, Fernando Rudan, Igor Ruokonen, Aimo Samani, Nilesh Scharnagl, Hubert Seeley, Janet Silander, Kaisa Stancakova, Alena Stirrups, Kathleen Swift, Amy J. Tiret, Laurence Uitterlinden, Andre G. van Pelt, L. Joost Vedantam, Sailaja Wainwright, Nicholas Wijmenga, Cisca Wild, Sarah H. Willemsen, Gonneke Wilsgaard, Tom Wilson, James F. Young, Elizabeth H. Zhao, Jing Hua Adair, Linda S. Arveiler, Dominique Assimes, Themistocles L. Bandinelli, Stefania Bennett, Franklyn Bochud, Murielle Boehm, Bernhard O. Boomsma, Dorret I. Borecki, Ingrid B. Bornstein, Stefan R. Bovet, Pascal Burnier, Michel Campbell, Harry Chakravarti, Aravinda Chambers, John C. Chen, Yii-Der Ida Collins, Francis S. Cooper, Richard S. Danesh, John Dedoussis, George de Faire, Ulf Feranil, Alan B. Ferrieres, Jean Ferrucci, Luigi Freimer, Nelson B. Gieger, Christian Groop, Leif C. Gudnason, Vilmundur Gyllensten, Ulf Hamsten, Anders Harris, Tamara B. Hingorani, Aroon Hirschhorn, Joel N. Hofman, Albert Hovingh, G. Kees Hsiung, Chao Agnes Humphries, Steve E. Hunt, Steven C. Hveem, Kristian Iribarren, Carlos Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Jula, Antti Kahonen, Mika Kaprio, Jaakko Kesaniemi, Antero Kivimaki, Mika Kooner, Jaspal S. Koudstaal, Peter J. Krauss, Ronald M. Kuh, Diana Kuusisto, Johanna Kyvik, Kirsten O. Laakso, Markku Lakka, Timo A. Lind, Lars Lindgren, Cecilia M. Martin, Nicholas G. Maerz, Winfried McCarthy, Mark I. McKenzie, Colin A. Meneton, Pierre Metspalu, Andres Moilanen, Leena Morris, Andrew D. Munroe, Patricia B. Njolstad, Inger Pedersen, Nancy L. Power, Chris Pramstaller, Peter P. Price, Jackie F. Psaty, Bruce M. Quertermous, Thomas Rauramaa, Rainer Saleheen, Danish Salomaa, Veikko Sanghera, Dharambir K. Saramies, Jouko Schwarz, Peter E. H. Sheu, Wayne H-H Shuldiner, Alan R. Siegbahn, Agneta Spector, Tim D. Stefansson, Kari Strachan, David P. Tayo, Bamidele O. Tremoli, Elena Tuomilehto, Jaakko Uusitupa, Matti van Duijn, Cornelia M. Vollenweider, Peter Wallentin, Lars Wareham, Nicholas J. Whitfield, John B. Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R. Ordovas, Jose M. Boerwinkle, Eric Palmer, Colin N. A. Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur Chasman, Daniel I. Rotter, Jerome I. Franks, Paul W. Ripatti, Samuli Cupples, L. Adrienne Sandhu, Manjinder S. Rich, Stephen S. Boehnke, Michael Deloukas, Panos Kathiresan, Sekar Mohlke, Karen L. Ingelsson, Erik Abecasis, Goncalo R. CA Global Lipids Genetics Consortium TI Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; IDENTIFIES 13; RISK; GENE; METAANALYSIS AB Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,577 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with lipid levels at P < 5 x 10(-8), including 62 loci not previously associated with lipid levels in humans. Using dense genotyping in individuals of European, East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry, we narrow association signals in 12 loci. We find that loci associated with blood lipid levels are often associated with cardiovascular and metabolic traits, including coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. Our results demonstrate the value of using genetic data from individuals of diverse ancestry and provide insights into the biological mechanisms regulating blood lipids to guide future genetic, biological and therapeutic research. C1 [Willer, Cristen J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Willer, Cristen J.; Schmidt, Ellen M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Computat Med & Bioinformat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Willer, Cristen J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Willer, Cristen J.; Sengupta, Sebanti; Chen, Jin; Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L.; Jackson, Anne U.; Sidore, Carlo; Teslovich, Tanya M.; Boehnke, Michael; Abecasis, Goncalo R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ctr Stat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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[Kyvik, Kirsten O.] Odense Univ Hosp, Odense Patient Data Explorat Network OPEN, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. [Lakka, Timo A.] Univ Eastern Finland, Inst Biomed Physiol, Kuopio, Finland. [Lind, Lars; Siegbahn, Agneta; Wallentin, Lars] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Martin, Nicholas G.; Whitfield, John B.] Royal Brisbane Hosp, Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia. [Maerz, Winfried] Synlab Acad, Synlab Serv, Mannheim, Germany. [McKenzie, Colin A.] Univ W Indies, Res Inst Trop Med, Trop Metab Res Unit, Mona, Jamaica. [Meneton, Pierre] Ctr Rech Cordeliers, INSERM U872, Paris, France. [Moilanen, Leena] Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Med, SF-70210 Kuopio, Finland. [Pramstaller, Peter P.] Gen Cent Hosp, Dept Neurol, Bolzano, Italy. [Pramstaller, Peter P.] Univ Lubeck, Dept Neurol, Lubeck, Germany. [Psaty, Bruce M.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Seattle, WA USA. [Psaty, Bruce M.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Psaty, Bruce M.] Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Psaty, Bruce M.] Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Grp Hlth Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Rauramaa, Rainer] Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol & Nucl Med, SF-70210 Kuopio, Finland. [Saleheen, Danish] Ctr Noncommunicable Dis, Karachi, Pakistan. [Saleheen, Danish] Univ Penn, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Salomaa, Veikko] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Unit Chron Dis Epidemiol & Prevent, Helsinki, Finland. [Saramies, Jouko] South Karelia Cent Hosp, Lappeenranta, Finland. [Schwarz, Peter E. H.] German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, Paul Langerhans Inst Dresden, Dresden, Germany. [Sheu, Wayne H-H] Taichung Vet Gen Hosp, Div Endocrine & Metab, Dept Internal Med, Taichung, Taiwan. [Shuldiner, Alan R.] Vet Adm Med Ctr, Geriatr Res & Educ Clin Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stefansson, Kari; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Strachan, David P.] Univ London, Div Populat Hlth Sci & Educ, London, England. [Tremoli, Elena] Univ Milan, Monzino Cardiol Ctr, IRCCS, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Milan, Italy. [Tuomilehto, Jaakko] Danube Univ Krems, Ctr Vasc Prevent, Krems, Austria. [Tuomilehto, Jaakko] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Med, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Tuomilehto, Jaakko] Hosp Univ La Paz, La Red Temat Invest Cooperat Enfermedades Cardiov, Madrid, Spain. [Uusitupa, Matti] Univ Eastern Finland, Inst Publ Hlth & Clin Nutr, Kuopio, Finland. [Uusitupa, Matti] Kuopio Univ Hosp, Res Unit, SF-70210 Kuopio, Finland. [Vollenweider, Peter] Univ Lausanne Hosp, Dept Med, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Endocrinol, Groningen, Netherlands. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Investigat, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Inst Madrileno Estudios Avanzados Alimentac, Madrid Inst Adv Studies, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Franks, Paul W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Rich, Stephen S.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Publ Hlth Genom, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Kathiresan, Sekar] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kathiresan, Sekar] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Willer, CJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cristen@umich.edu; mohlke@med.unc.edu; erik.ingelsson@medsci.uu.se; goncalo@umich.edu RI Schwarz, Peter/B-5127-2013; Wong, Andrew/M-8899-2016; Magnusson, Patrik/C-4458-2017; Beckmann, Jacques S /A-9772-2008; Feitosa, Mary/K-8044-2012; Hicks, Andrew/E-9518-2017; Gudnason, Vilmundur/K-6885-2015; Ripatti, Samuli/H-9446-2014; Wilson, James F/A-5704-2009; Rivadeneira, Fernando/O-5385-2015; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka/C-8544-2016; Bovet, Pascal/F-4477-2011; Rudan, Igor/I-1467-2012; Papamarkou, Theodore/A-2958-2012; Kyvik, Kirsten /K-5680-2016; Study, GoDARTS/K-9448-2016; Bochud, Murielle/A-3981-2010; mangino, massimo/F-5134-2011; Hayward, Caroline/M-8818-2016; Strawbridge, Rona/H-5422-2012; Boehm, Bernhard/F-8750-2015; Grallert, Harald/B-3424-2013; Shah, Sonia/N-7547-2013; Colaus, PsyColaus/K-6607-2013; Hypponen, Elina/B-2596-2014; Meisinger, Christine/B-5358-2014; Hsiung, Chao Agnes/E-3994-2010; Wijmenga, Cisca/D-2173-2009; Chang, Hsing-Yi /E-3973-2010; Palmer, Colin/C-7053-2008; Pramstaller, Peter/C-2357-2008; Deloukas, Panos/B-2922-2013 OI Kaprio, Jaakko/0000-0002-3716-2455; Johansson, Asa/0000-0002-2915-4498; Nieminen, Tuomo/0000-0003-1755-1688; Meisinger, Christa/0000-0002-9026-6544; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H.R./0000-0001-9262-6921; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta/0000-0002-2149-0630; Martin, Nicholas/0000-0003-4069-8020; Mitchell, Braxton/0000-0003-4920-4744; Esko, Tonu/0000-0003-1982-6569; Lakka, Timo/0000-0002-9199-2871; Gigante, Bruna/0000-0003-4508-7990; Humphries, Stephen E/0000-0002-8221-6547; Gieger, Christian/0000-0001-6986-9554; Wijmenga, Cisca/0000-0002-5635-1614; Franks, Paul/0000-0002-0520-7604; Kleber, Marcus/0000-0003-0663-7275; Kumari, Meena/0000-0001-9716-1035; Kaakinen, Marika/0000-0002-9228-0462; Sidore, Carlo/0000-0001-7504-7477; Shungin, Dmitry/0000-0001-7900-5856; Seeley, Janet/0000-0002-0583-5272; Song, Ci/0000-0002-0947-9068; TREMOLI, ELENA/0000-0002-0929-6106; sanna, serena/0000-0002-3768-1749; Kivimaki, Mika/0000-0002-4699-5627; Johnson, Toby/0000-0002-5998-3270; Schwarz, Peter/0000-0001-6317-7880; Wong, Andrew/0000-0003-2079-4779; Beckmann, Jacques S /0000-0002-9741-1900; Feitosa, Mary/0000-0002-0933-2410; Hicks, Andrew/0000-0001-6320-0411; Fraser, Ross/0000-0003-0488-2592; Willer, Cristen/0000-0001-5645-4966; Gudnason, Vilmundur/0000-0001-5696-0084; Ripatti, Samuli/0000-0002-0504-1202; Wilson, James F/0000-0001-5751-9178; Rivadeneira, Fernando/0000-0001-9435-9441; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka/0000-0002-7200-5455; Bovet, Pascal/0000-0002-0242-4259; Rudan, Igor/0000-0001-6993-6884; Papamarkou, Theodore/0000-0002-9689-543X; Kyvik, Kirsten /0000-0003-2981-0245; Bochud, Murielle/0000-0002-5727-0218; mangino, massimo/0000-0002-2167-7470; Hayward, Caroline/0000-0002-9405-9550; Strawbridge, Rona/0000-0001-8506-3585; Shah, Sonia/0000-0001-5860-4526; Hypponen, Elina/0000-0003-3670-9399; Palmer, Colin/0000-0002-6415-6560; Deloukas, Panos/0000-0001-9251-070X NR 48 TC 297 Z9 302 U1 11 U2 83 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 EI 1546-1718 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1274 EP + DI 10.1038/ng.2797 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 244JL UT WOS:000326384100007 ER PT J AU Do, R Willer, CJ Schmidt, EM Sengupta, S Gao, C Peloso, GM Gustafsson, S Kanoni, S Ganna, A Chen, J Buchkovich, ML Mora, S Beckmann, JS Bragg-Gresham, JL Chang, HY Demirkan, A Den Hertog, HM Donnelly, LA Ehret, GB Esko, T Feitosa, MF Ferreira, T Fischer, K Fontanillas, P Fraser, RM Freitag, DF Gurdasani, D Heikkila, K Hypponen, E Isaacs, A Jackson, AU Johansson, A Johnson, T Kaakinen, M Kettunen, J Kleber, ME Li, XH Luan, JA Lyytikainen, LP Magnusson, PKE Mangino, M Mihailov, E Montasser, ME Muller-Nurasyid, M Nolte, IM O'Connell, JR Palmer, CD Perola, M Petersen, AK Sanna, S Saxena, R Service, SK Shah, S Shungin, D Sidore, C Song, C Strawbridge, RJ Surakka, I Tanaka, T Teslovich, TM Thorleifsson, G Van den Herik, EG Voight, BF Volcik, KA Waite, LL Wong, A Wu, Y Zhang, WH Absher, D Asiki, G Barroso, I Been, LF Bolton, JL Bonnycastle, LL Brambilla, P Burnett, MS Cesana, G Dimitriou, M Doney, ASF Doring, A Elliott, P Epstein, SE Eyjolfsson, GI Gigante, B Goodarzi, MO Grallert, H Gravito, ML Groves, CJ Hallmans, G Hartikainen, AL Hayward, C Hernandez, D Hicks, AA Holm, H Hung, YJ Illig, T Jones, MR Kaleebu, P Kastelein, JJP Khaw, KT Kim, E Klopp, N Komulainen, P Kumari, M Langenberg, C Lehtimaki, T Lin, SY Lindstrom, J Loos, RJF Mach, F McArdle, WL Meisinger, C Mitchell, BD Muller, G Nagaraja, R Narisu, N Nieminen, TVM Nsubuga, RN Olafsson, I Ong, KK Palotie, A Papamarkou, T Pomilla, C Pouta, A Rader, DJ Reilly, MP Ridker, PM Rivadeneira, F Rudan, I Ruokonen, A Samani, N Scharnagl, H Seeley, J Silander, K Stancakova, A Stirrups, K Swift, AJ Tiret, L Uitterlinden, AG van Pelt, LJ Vedantam, S Wainwright, N Wijmenga, C Wild, SH Willemsen, G Wilsgaard, T Wilson, JF Young, EH Zhao, JH Adair, LS Arveiler, D Assimes, TL Bandinelli, S Bennett, F Bochud, M Boehm, BO Boomsma, DI Borecki, IB Bornstein, SR Bovet, P Burnier, M Campbell, H Chakravarti, A Chambers, JC Chen, YDI Collins, FS Cooper, RS Danesh, J Dedoussis, G de Faire, U Feranil, AB Ferrieres, J Ferrucci, L Freimer, NB Gieger, C Groop, LC Gudnason, V Gyllensten, U Hamsten, A Harris, TB Hingorani, A Hirschhorn, JN Hofman, A Hovingh, GK Hsiung, CA Humphries, SE Hunt, SC Hveem, K Iribarren, C Jarvelin, MR Jula, A Kahonen, M Kaprio, J Kesaniemi, A Kivimaki, M Kooner, JS Koudstaal, PJ Krauss, RM Kuh, D Kuusisto, J Kyvik, KO Laakso, M Lakka, TA Lind, L Lindgren, CM Martin, NG Marz, W McCarthy, MI McKenzie, CA Meneton, P Metspalu, A Moilanen, L Morris, AD Munroe, PB Njolstad, I Pedersen, NL Power, C Pramstaller, PP Price, JF Psaty, BM Quertermous, T Rauramaa, R Saleheen, D Salomaa, V Sanghera, DK Saramies, J Schwarz, PEH Sheu, WHH Shuldiner, AR Siegbahn, A Spector, TD Stefansson, K Strachan, DP Tayo, BO Tremoli, E Tuomilehto, J Uusitupa, M van Duijn, CM Vollenweider, P Wallentin, L Wareham, NJ Whitfield, JB Wolffenbuttel, BHR Altshuler, D Ordovas, JM Boerwinkle, E Palmer, CNA Thorsteinsdottir, U Chasman, DI Rotter, JI Franks, PW Ripatti, S Cupples, LA Sandhu, MS Rich, SS Boehnke, M Deloukas, P Mohlke, KL Ingelsson, E Abecasis, GR Daly, MJ Neale, BM Kathiresan, S AF Do, Ron Willer, Cristen J. Schmidt, Ellen M. Sengupta, Sebanti Gao, Chi Peloso, Gina M. Gustafsson, Stefan Kanoni, Stavroula Ganna, Andrea Chen, Jin Buchkovich, Martin L. Mora, Samia Beckmann, Jacques S. Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L. Chang, Hsing-Yi Demirkan, Ayse Den Hertog, Heleen M. Donnelly, Louise A. Ehret, Georg B. Esko, Tonu Feitosa, Mary F. Ferreira, Teresa Fischer, Krista Fontanillas, Pierre Fraser, Ross M. Freitag, Daniel F. Gurdasani, Deepti Heikkila, Kauko Hyppoenen, Elina Isaacs, Aaron Jackson, Anne U. Johansson, Asa Johnson, Toby Kaakinen, Marika Kettunen, Johannes Kleber, Marcus E. Li, Xiaohui Luan, Jian'an Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka Magnusson, Patrik K. E. Mangino, Massimo Mihailov, Evelin Montasser, May E. Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina Nolte, Ilja M. O'Connell, Jeffrey R. Palmer, Cameron D. Perola, Markus Petersen, Ann-Kristin Sanna, Serena Saxena, Richa Service, Susan K. Shah, Sonia Shungin, Dmitry Sidore, Carlo Song, Ci Strawbridge, Rona J. Surakka, Ida Tanaka, Toshiko Teslovich, Tanya M. Thorleifsson, Gudmar Van den Herik, Evita G. Voight, Benjamin F. Volcik, Kelly A. Waite, Lindsay L. Wong, Andrew Wu, Ying Zhang, Weihua Absher, Devin Asiki, Gershim Barroso, Ines Been, Latonya F. Bolton, Jennifer L. Bonnycastle, Lori L. Brambilla, Paolo Burnett, Mary S. Cesana, Giancarlo Dimitriou, Maria Doney, Alex S. F. Doering, Angela Elliott, Paul Epstein, Stephen E. Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur Ingi Gigante, Bruna Goodarzi, Mark O. Grallert, Harald Gravito, Martha L. Groves, Christopher J. Hallmans, Goran Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa Hayward, Caroline Hernandez, Dena Hicks, Andrew A. Holm, Hilma Hung, Yi-Jen Illig, Thomas Jones, Michelle R. Kaleebu, Pontiano Kastelein, John J. P. Khaw, Kay-Tee Kim, Eric Klopp, Norman Komulainen, Pirjo Kumari, Meena Langenberg, Claudia Lehtimaki, Terho Lin, Shih-Yi Lindstrom, Jaana Loos, Ruth J. F. Mach, Francois McArdle, Wendy L. Meisinger, Christa Mitchell, Braxton D. Mueller, Gabrielle Nagaraja, Ramaiah Narisu, Narisu Nieminen, Tuomo V. M. Nsubuga, Rebecca N. Olafsson, Isleifur Ong, Ken K. Palotie, Aarno Papamarkou, Theodore Pomilla, Cristina Pouta, Anneli Rader, Daniel J. Reilly, Muredach P. Ridker, Paul M. Rivadeneira, Fernando Rudan, Igor Ruokonen, Aimo Samani, Nilesh Scharnagl, Hubert Seeley, Janet Silander, Kaisa Stancakova, Alena Stirrups, Kathleen Swift, Amy J. Tiret, Laurence Uitterlinden, Andre G. van Pelt, L. Joost Vedantam, Sailaja Wainwright, Nicholas Wijmenga, Cisca Wild, Sarah H. Willemsen, Gonneke Wilsgaard, Tom Wilson, James F. Young, Elizabeth H. Zhao, Jing Hua Adair, Linda S. Arveiler, Dominique Assimes, Themistocles L. Bandinelli, Stefania Bennett, Franklyn Bochud, Murielle Boehm, Bernhard O. Boomsma, Dorret I. Borecki, Ingrid B. Bornstein, Stefan R. Bovet, Pascal Burnier, Michel Campbell, Harry Chakravarti, Aravinda Chambers, John C. Chen, Yii-Der Ida Collins, Francis S. Cooper, Richard S. Danesh, John Dedoussis, George de Faire, Ulf Feranil, Alan B. Ferrieres, Jean Ferrucci, Luigi Freimer, Nelson B. Gieger, Christian Groop, Leif C. Gudnason, Vilmundur Gyllensten, Ulf Hamsten, Anders Harris, Tamara B. Hingorani, Aroon Hirschhorn, Joel N. Hofman, Albert Hovingh, G. Kees Hsiung, Chao Agnes Humphries, Steve E. Hunt, Steven C. Hveem, Kristian Iribarren, Carlos Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Jula, Antti Kahonen, Mika Kaprio, Jaakko Kesaniemi, Antero Kivimaki, Mika Kooner, Jaspal S. Koudstaal, Peter J. Krauss, Ronald M. Kuh, Diana Kuusisto, Johanna Kyvik, Kirsten O. Laakso, Markku Lakka, Timo A. Lind, Lars Lindgren, Cecilia M. Martin, Nicholas G. Maerz, Winfried McCarthy, Mark I. McKenzie, Colin A. Meneton, Pierre Metspalu, Andres Moilanen, Leena Morris, Andrew D. Munroe, Patricia B. Njolstad, Inger Pedersen, Nancy L. Power, Chris Pramstaller, Peter P. Price, Jackie F. Psaty, Bruce M. Quertermous, Thomas Rauramaa, Rainer Saleheen, Danish Salomaa, Veikko Sanghera, Dharambir K. Saramies, Jouko Schwarz, Peter E. H. Sheu, Wayne H-H Shuldiner, Alan R. Siegbahn, Agneta Spector, Tim D. Stefansson, Kari Strachan, David P. Tayo, Bamidele O. Tremoli, Elena Tuomilehto, Jaakko Uusitupa, Matti van Duijn, Cornelia M. Vollenweider, Peter Wallentin, Lars Wareham, Nicholas J. Whitfield, John B. Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R. Altshuler, David Ordovas, Jose M. Boerwinkle, Eric Palmer, Colin N. A. Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur Chasman, Daniel I. Rotter, Jerome I. Franks, Paul W. Ripatti, Samuli Cupples, L. Adrienne Sandhu, Manjinder S. Rich, Stephen S. Boehnke, Michael Deloukas, Panos Mohlke, Karen L. Ingelsson, Erik Abecasis, Goncalo R. Daly, Mark J. Neale, Benjamin M. Kathiresan, Sekar TI Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; LOCI; CONTRIBUTE; THERAPY AB Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Broad Inst, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Computat Med & Bioinformat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ctr Stat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Sci Life Lab, Uppsala, Sweden. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Lausanne Hosp, Serv Med Genet, Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Lausanne, Dept Med Genet, Lausanne, Switzerland. Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Populat Hlth Sci, Div Prevent Med & Hlth Serv Res, Zhunan, Taiwan. 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[Cupples, L. Adrienne] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Rich, Stephen S.; Neale, Benjamin M.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Publ Hlth Genom, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Daly, Mark J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Analyt & Translat Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Kathiresan, S (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM mjdaly@atgu.mgh.harvard.edu; bneale@broadinstitute.org; skathiresan@partners.org RI Hayward, Caroline/M-8818-2016; Schwarz, Peter/B-5127-2013; Wong, Andrew/M-8899-2016; Magnusson, Patrik/C-4458-2017; Beckmann, Jacques S /A-9772-2008; Feitosa, Mary/K-8044-2012; Hicks, Andrew/E-9518-2017; Grallert, Harald/B-3424-2013; Gudnason, Vilmundur/K-6885-2015; Ripatti, Samuli/H-9446-2014; Wilson, James F/A-5704-2009; Rivadeneira, Fernando/O-5385-2015; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka/C-8544-2016; Bovet, Pascal/F-4477-2011; Rudan, Igor/I-1467-2012; Papamarkou, Theodore/A-2958-2012; Kyvik, Kirsten /K-5680-2016; Study, GoDARTS/K-9448-2016; Bochud, Murielle/A-3981-2010; mangino, massimo/F-5134-2011; Altshuler, David/A-4476-2009; Shah, Sonia/N-7547-2013; Strawbridge, Rona/H-5422-2012; Boehm, Bernhard/F-8750-2015; Colaus, PsyColaus/K-6607-2013; Hypponen, Elina/B-2596-2014; Meisinger, Christine/B-5358-2014; Hsiung, Chao Agnes/E-3994-2010; Wijmenga, Cisca/D-2173-2009; Chang, Hsing-Yi /E-3973-2010; Palmer, Colin/C-7053-2008; Pramstaller, Peter/C-2357-2008; Deloukas, Panos/B-2922-2013 OI Lakka, Timo/0000-0002-9199-2871; Gigante, Bruna/0000-0003-4508-7990; Humphries, Stephen E/0000-0002-8221-6547; Gieger, Christian/0000-0001-6986-9554; Wijmenga, Cisca/0000-0002-5635-1614; Franks, Paul/0000-0002-0520-7604; Kleber, Marcus/0000-0003-0663-7275; Kumari, Meena/0000-0001-9716-1035; Johansson, Asa/0000-0002-2915-4498; Nieminen, Tuomo/0000-0003-1755-1688; Meisinger, Christa/0000-0002-9026-6544; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H.R./0000-0001-9262-6921; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta/0000-0002-2149-0630; Martin, Nicholas/0000-0003-4069-8020; Mitchell, Braxton/0000-0003-4920-4744; Kaprio, Jaakko/0000-0002-3716-2455; Shungin, Dmitry/0000-0001-7900-5856; Seeley, Janet/0000-0002-0583-5272; Song, Ci/0000-0002-0947-9068; TREMOLI, ELENA/0000-0002-0929-6106; sanna, serena/0000-0002-3768-1749; Kivimaki, Mika/0000-0002-4699-5627; Johnson, Toby/0000-0002-5998-3270; Fraser, Ross/0000-0003-0488-2592; Esko, Tonu/0000-0003-1982-6569; Hayward, Caroline/0000-0002-9405-9550; Schwarz, Peter/0000-0001-6317-7880; Wong, Andrew/0000-0003-2079-4779; Beckmann, Jacques S /0000-0002-9741-1900; Feitosa, Mary/0000-0002-0933-2410; Hicks, Andrew/0000-0001-6320-0411; Willer, Cristen/0000-0001-5645-4966; Kaakinen, Marika/0000-0002-9228-0462; Sidore, Carlo/0000-0001-7504-7477; Gudnason, Vilmundur/0000-0001-5696-0084; Ripatti, Samuli/0000-0002-0504-1202; Wilson, James F/0000-0001-5751-9178; Rivadeneira, Fernando/0000-0001-9435-9441; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka/0000-0002-7200-5455; Bovet, Pascal/0000-0002-0242-4259; Rudan, Igor/0000-0001-6993-6884; Papamarkou, Theodore/0000-0002-9689-543X; Kyvik, Kirsten /0000-0003-2981-0245; Bochud, Murielle/0000-0002-5727-0218; mangino, massimo/0000-0002-2167-7470; Altshuler, David/0000-0002-7250-4107; Shah, Sonia/0000-0001-5860-4526; Strawbridge, Rona/0000-0001-8506-3585; Hypponen, Elina/0000-0003-3670-9399; Palmer, Colin/0000-0002-6415-6560; Deloukas, Panos/0000-0001-9251-070X FU Massachusetts General Hospital; Donovan Family Foundation; US National Institutes of Health [R01HL107816]; Fondation Leducq; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [T32HL007208] FX We thank the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium for early access to the association results of the Metabochip study. S. Kathiresan is supported by a Research Scholar award from the Massachusetts General Hospital, the Howard Goodman Fellowship from Massachusetts General Hospital, the Donovan Family Foundation, R01HL107816 from the US National Institutes of Health and a grant from Fondation Leducq. R.D. is supported by a Banting Fellowship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. G. P. is supported by award T32HL007208 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute or the US National Institutes of Health. NR 34 TC 205 Z9 211 U1 2 U2 48 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 EI 1546-1718 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1345 EP + DI 10.1038/ng.2795 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 244JL UT WOS:000326384100015 PM 24097064 ER PT J AU Gambetta, GA Fei, J Rost, TL Knipfer, T Matthews, MA Shackel, KA Walker, MA McElrone, AJ AF Gambetta, Gregory A. Fei, Jiong Rost, Thomas L. Knipfer, Thorsten Matthews, Mark A. Shackel, Ken A. Walker, M. Andrew McElrone, Andrew J. TI Water Uptake along the Length of Grapevine Fine Roots: Developmental Anatomy, Tissue-Specific Aquaporin Expression, and Pathways of Water Transport SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIAL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MERCURY-INSENSITIVE AQUAPORIN; PLASMA-MEMBRANE AQUAPORINS; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; ZEA-MAYS L.; MAIZE ROOTS; APOPLASTIC TRANSPORT; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CHANNELS AQUAPORINS; NICOTIANA-TABACUM AB To better understand water uptake patterns in root systems of woody perennial crops, we detailed the developmental anatomy and hydraulic physiology along the length of grapevine (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris) fine roots from the tip to secondary growth zones. Our characterization included the localization of suberized structures and aquaporin gene expression and the determination of hydraulic conductivity (Lp(r)) and aquaporin protein activity (via chemical inhibition) in different root zones under both osmotic and hydrostatic pressure gradients. Tissue-specific messenger RNA levels of the plasma membrane aquaporin isogenes (VvPIPs) were quantified using laser-capture microdissection and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results highlight dramatic changes in structure and function along the length of grapevine fine roots. Although the root tip lacked suberization altogether, a suberized exodermis and endodermis developed in the maturation zone, which gave way to the secondary growth zone containing a multilayer suberized periderm. Longitudinally, VvPIP isogenes exhibited strong peaks of expression in the root tip that decreased precipitously along the root length in a pattern similar to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots. In the radial orientation, expression was always greatest in interior tissues (i.e. stele, endodermis, and/or vascular tissues) for all root zones. High Lp(r) and aquaporin protein activity were associated with peak VvPIP expression levels in the root tip. This suggests that aquaporins play a limited role in controlling water uptake in secondary growth zones, which contradicts existing theoretical predictions. Despite having significantly lower Lpr, woody roots can constitute the vast majority of the root system surface area in mature vines and thus provide for significant water uptake potential. C1 [Gambetta, Gregory A.; Fei, Jiong; Knipfer, Thorsten; Matthews, Mark A.; Walker, M. Andrew; McElrone, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rost, Thomas L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Shackel, Ken A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McElrone, Andrew J.] ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McElrone, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajmcelrone@ucdavis.edu RI Matthews, Mark/A-5714-2010 FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture-Specialty Crops Research Initiative grant; American Vineyard Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System [5306-21220-004-00] FX This work was supported by a National Institute of Food and Agriculture-Specialty Crops Research Initiative grant and funding from the American Vineyard Foundation to A.J.M. and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System (research project no. 5306-21220-004-00). NR 53 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 73 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 163 IS 3 BP 1254 EP 1265 DI 10.1104/pp.113.221283 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 246ER UT WOS:000326520900015 PM 24047863 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. Stuedemann, John A. TI Soil-profile distribution of inorganic N during 6 years of integrated crop-livestock management SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cover crop management; Inorganic nitrogen; Residual soil nitrate; No tillage ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; GRAZED TALL FESCUE; COVER CROPS; NITRATE DISTRIBUTION; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; NITROGEN; ACCUMULATION; CORN; RESPONSES AB Excessive accumulation of soil nitrate-N can threaten water and air quality. How integrated crop-livestock systems might influence soil-profile nitrate-N accumulation has not been investigated. Therefore, we determined soil nitrate-N accumulation during 6 years of evaluation of diverse cropping systems on a Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia, USA. Of the total change in soil nitrate-N content that occurred during 6 years (i.e. increase of 14 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)), an average of 60% occurred in the primary rooting zone (0-90-cm depth) and 40% occurred in the zone below typical rooting (90-150-cm depth). Soil nitrate-N accumulation was greater in cropping systems with greater N fertilizer input, while it was surprisingly insensitive to differences in harvested N output. Soil nitrate-N accumulation was greater under conventional tillage than under no tillage at all soil depths (e.g. 5.1 +/- 4.2 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) greater at a depth of 90-150 cm), suggesting soil disturbance was a key factor in mobilizing N and keeping it more disassociated from the organic-inorganic cycling system. Grazing of cover crops had variable effects on soil nitrate-N content: greater soil nitrate-N content in the rooting zone at the end of 1 year (63 vs. 47 kg N ha(-1)), greater soil nitrate-N content in the zone below typical rooting at the end of 3 and 4 years (91 vs. 70 kg N ha(-1)), and lower soil nitrate-N content in the rooting zone at the end of 6 years (89 vs. 120 kg N ha(-1)). These results confirm the beneficial effect of no-tillage management on moderating nitrate-N accumulation in the soil profile and indicate a variable, but mostly neutral effect of cover crop grazing on soil nitrate-N accumulation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Stuedemann, John A.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3218 Williams Hall,NCSU Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program [2001-35107-11126]; Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn FX Thanks are extended to Mr. Steven W. Knapp for his excellent management of field and laboratory work on this project. We also thank Dwight Seman, C.J. O'Mara, and Eric Elsner for managing cattle, Robert Martin for analyzing soil for inorganic N, and Carson Pruitt, Zack Schroer, Kelley and Kim Lyness, Josh Cown, Amanda Limbaugh, Faye Black, Stephanie Steed, and Devin Berry for their assistance while students. Early financial support was provided by USDA-National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (Agr. No. 2001-35107-11126) and the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 EI 1879-3444 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 134 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.still.2013.07.010 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 246QH UT WOS:000326553700011 ER PT J AU Barsotti, JL Sainju, UM Lenssen, AW Montagne, C Hatfield, PG AF Barsotti, Joy L. Sainju, Upendra M. Lenssen, Andrew W. Montagne, Cliff Hatfield, Patrick G. TI Crop yields and soil organic matter responses to sheep grazing in US northern Great Plains SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cropping sequence; Dryland crop yields; Sheep grazing; Soil carbon; Soil nitrogen; Tillage ID DRYLAND GRAIN PRODUCTION; WHEAT-FALLOW SYSTEM; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; INCORPORATING SHEEP; LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; CORN YIELD; NITROGEN; CARBON; WATER; MANAGEMENT AB Sheep (Ovis aries L.) grazing, a cost-effective method of controlling weeds compared to herbicide application and tillage, may influence soil C and N levels by consuming plant residue and returning feces and urine to the soil, but little is known about the practice on soil C and N storage under dryland cropping systems in the northern Great Plains, USA. Three weed control practices [sheep grazing (GRAZ), herbicide application (CHEM), and tillage (MECH)] and three cropping sequences [continuous alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) (CA), continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CSW), and spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.)/barley (Hordeum vulgaris L) hay mixture-fallow (W-P/B-F)] were evaluated on a Blackmore silt loam from 2009 to 2011 in southwestern Montana, USA. Crop yields and soil organic C (SOC), total N (STN), NH4-N, and NO3-N contents at the 0-120 cm depth were quantified. Annualized spring wheat grain and biomass (stems + leaves) yields and C and N contents were greater with CSW than with W-P/B-F, but hay biomass and C content were similar between CA and W-P/B-F. While C and N in aboveground biomass after spring wheat and hay harvest were removed through haying in CHEM and MECH, sheep grazing removed about 99% of these elements in GRAZ. The SOC and STN at 5-15 cm were greater with CSW or W-P/B-F than with CA in GRAZ and MECH, but SOC at 30-60 cm was greater with CA than with CSW in MECH. The NH4-N content at most depths varied among treatments and years, but NO3-N content at 5-120 cm was greater with CSW and W-P/B-F than with CA. Longer duration of sheep grazing during fallow periods due to increased return of C and N through feces and urine or residue incorporation to a greater depth probably increased soil C and N storage at the surface layer with CSW and W-P/B-F in GRAZ and MECH, but increased root biomass likely increased C storage at the subsurface layer with CA in MECH. Absence of N fertilization and/or greater N uptake probably reduced soil NO3-N level with CA than with other cropping sequences. Regardless of treatments, SOC and STN declined from 2009 to 2011, probably due to residue removal from haying and grazing. Moderate sheep grazing during fallow periods can be used to increase soil C and N storage, obtain farm C credit, and sustain dryland crop yields compared to herbicide application for weed control in the semiarid regions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barsotti, Joy L.; Sainju, Upendra M.] ARS, USDA, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Lenssen, Andrew W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Montagne, Cliff] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hatfield, Patrick G.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 North Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov FU [USDA- CSREES- ICGP - 0002154] FX We appreciate excellent technical supports provided by Joe Barsotti, Jillian Hatfield, Ash lee Johnson, Jennifer Keithly, Kellen Marlow, Melissa Medley, Erin Nix, Thomas O'Neill, Devon Ragen, Nirap Sainju, Megan Schertling, Paramjit Karan Singh, and Emmett Wester for soil and plant sample collections in the field and Christopher Russell, Jun Wang, and Rene' France for analysis in the laboratory. We also thank Drs. Hayes Goosey and Zachary Miller for farm management and research coordination. We acknowledge the funding for this project from USDA- CSREES- ICGP - 0002154. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 EI 1879-3444 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 134 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.still.2013.07.015 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 246QH UT WOS:000326553700016 ER PT J AU Tirado-Corbala, R Slater, BK Dick, WA Bigham, J McCoy, E AF Tirado-Corbala, Rebecca Slater, Brian K. Dick, Warren A. Bigham, Jerry McCoy, Edward TI Hydrologic properties and leachate nutrient responses of soil columns collected from gypsum-treated fields SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alfalfa; Gypsum; Leachate water quality; No-tillage; Soil-water relationships; Undisturbed soil columns ID SUBSOIL CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; INFILTRATION; CHEMISTRY AB Increased availability of flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) and the recognition of its potential to improve soil-water relationships have stimulated studies of its use on poorly drained soils with high seasonal rainfall, especially on no-tillage (NT) soils. Previous studies have focused on the effects of gypsum on hydrological properties at the soil surface (e.g. infiltration and soil crusting) but little information is available concerning the effects of surface-applied gypsum in profiles of non-sodic NT soils with contrasting drainage classes. To address this lack of information, undisturbed columns from two non-sodic NT soil profiles, characterized as being either moderately well drained or poorly drained, were collected from agricultural fields with historic information regarding number of years of gypsum application (i.e. 0, 4, and 12 yr). Alfalfa was planted in the columns and then plant growth, and soil chemical and hydrologic properties were measured. Higher Ca concentrations were found in both gypsum treated soils compared with control (CT) soils (P < 0.10). A greenhouse water balance study revealed significantly (P < 0.10) greater cumulative drainage (similar to 60%) associated with the Brookston long-term (LT) gypsum and the Celina short-term (ST) gypsum soil treatments than for the control treatments. This greater drainage response was attributed to Ca redistribution to lower depths and improved soil structure. However, restricted drainage in Celina LT columns was attributed to secondary Ca carbonate precipitation in pores at 60-75 cm depth. Leachate samples collected from the columns indicated no element deficiencies that would negatively affect alfalfa growth. Nutrients and trace element concentrations also were within accepted limits for good plant growth and water quality. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tirado-Corbala, Rebecca; Slater, Brian K.; Bigham, Jerry] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dick, Warren A.; McCoy, Edward] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Tirado-Corbala, Rebecca] SENR OSU, Columbus, OH USA. RP Tirado-Corbala, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM rebeccatiradocorbala@gmail.com; slater.39@osu.edu; dick.5@osu.edu; bigham.1@osu.edu; mccoy.13@osu.edu FU Ag-Spectrum Company; Ohio Coal Development Office FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Delk Crosier for access to his farm and to Ag-Spectrum Company for financial support of some aspects of this study. Likewise, the Ohio Coal Development Office supported a portion of this research. The senior author thanks Mr. Joseph Ringler and Mr. Pall Kolka for their assistance with the field work and Dr. Larry Brown for access to the hydraulic ram used for core collection. Mr. Sandy Jones provided expert technical assistance in the Soil Characterization Laboratory at The Ohio State University. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 EI 1879-3444 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 134 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.still.2013.08.007 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 246QH UT WOS:000326553700027 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV AF Palmer, M. V. TI Mycobacterium bovis: Characteristics of Wildlife Reservoir Hosts SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Review DE basic reproduction rate; critical community size; maintenance host; mycobacteria; R-0; reservoir host; spillover host; tuberculosis; wildlife ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BUFFALO SYNCERUS-CAFFER; KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; BADGER MELES-MELES; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; TUBERCULOSIS-LIKE LESIONS; BACILLE CALMETTE-GUERIN; FREE-RANGING WILDLIFE; SOUTH-CENTRAL SPAIN; BOAR SUS-SCROFA AB Mycobacterium bovis is the cause of tuberculosis in animals and sometimes humans. Many developed nations have long-standing programmes to eradicate tuberculosis in livestock, principally cattle. As disease prevalence in cattle decreases these efforts are sometimes impeded by passage of M.bovis from wildlife to cattle. In epidemiological terms, disease can persist in some wildlife species, creating disease reservoirs, if the basic reproduction rate (R-0) and critical community size (CCS) thresholds are achieved. Recognized wildlife reservoir hosts of M.bovis include the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand, European badger (Meles meles) in Great Britain and Ireland, African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in South Africa, wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Iberian Peninsula and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Michigan, USA. The epidemiological concepts of R-0 and CCS are related to more tangible disease/pathogen characteristics such as prevalence, pathogen-induced pathology, host behaviour and ecology. An understanding of both epidemiological and disease/pathogen characteristics is necessary to identify wildlife reservoirs of M.bovis. In some cases, there is a single wildlife reservoir host involved in transmission of M.bovis to cattle. Complexity increases, however, in multihost systems where multiple potential reservoir hosts exist. Bovine tuberculosis eradication efforts require elimination of M.bovis transmission between wildlife reservoirs and cattle. For successful eradication identification of true wildlife reservoirs is critical, as disease control efforts are most effective when directed towards true reservoirs. C1 [Palmer, M. V.] ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mitchell.palmer@ars.usda.gov NR 90 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1865-1674 EI 1865-1682 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 60 SU 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1111/tbed.12115 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 243RC UT WOS:000326333600002 PM 24171844 ER PT J AU Ye, JQ Xu, YF Harris, J Sun, HL Bowman, AS Cunningham, F Cardona, C Yoon, KJ Slemons, RD Wan, XF AF Ye, Jianqiang Xu, Yifei Harris, Jillian Sun, Hailiang Bowman, Andrew S. Cunningham, Fred Cardona, Carol Yoon, Kyoungjin J. Slemons, Richard D. Wan, Xiu-Feng TI Mutation from arginine to lysine at the position 189 of hemagglutinin contributes to the antigenic drift in H3N2 swine influenza viruses SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antigenic drift; H3N2; Influenza A virus; R189K; H3N2v; Antigenic variant; Antigenic cartography; Serological assay ID A VIRUSES; EQUINE INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; GENETIC EVOLUTION; AMERICAN PIGS; TRANSMISSION; CARTOGRAPHY; DOGS AB Two distinct antigenic clusters were previously identified among the H3N2 swine influenza A viruses (IAVs) and were designated H3N2SIV-alpha and H3N2SIV-beta (Feng et al., 2013. Journal of Virology 87 (13), 7655-7667). A consistent mutation was observed at the position 189 of hemagglutinin (R189K) between H3N2SIV-alpha and H3N2SIV-beta fair isolates. To evaluate the contribution of R189K mutation to the antigenic drift from H3N2SIV-alpha to H3N2SIV-beta, four reassortant viruses with 189R or 189K were generated. The antigenic cartography demonstrated that the R189K mutation in the hemagglutinin of H3N2 IAV contributed to the antigenic drift, separating these viruses into H3N2SIV-alpha to H3N2SIV-beta. This R189K mutation was also found to contribute to the cross-reaction with several ferret sera raised against historical human IAVs with hemagglutinin carrying 189K. This study suggests that the R189K mutation plays a vital role in the antigenicity of swine and human H3N2 IAVs and identification of this antigenic determinant will help us rapidly identify antigenic variants in influenza surveillance. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ye, Jianqiang; Xu, Yifei; Harris, Jillian; Sun, Hailiang; Wan, Xiu-Feng] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Bowman, Andrew S.; Slemons, Richard D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cunningham, Fred] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Field Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Cardona, Carol] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Yoon, Kyoungjin J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wan, XF (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Coll Vet Med, 240 Wise Ctr Dr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM wan@cvm.msstate.edu RI Bowman, Andrew/B-4321-2012 OI Bowman, Andrew/0000-0002-0738-8453 FU Minnesota Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (MCEIRS); Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C] FX We are grateful for Dr. Zhixin Feng for his assistance in ferret sera generation. This work was supported in part by the Minnesota Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (MCEIRS) with federal funds from the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract no. HHSN266200700007C. The finding and conclusions in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agency. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 2013 VL 446 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.004 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 236ZX UT WOS:000325839100025 PM 24074585 ER PT J AU Guo, BQ Lager, KM Schlink, SN Kehrli, ME Brockmeier, SL Miller, LC Swenson, SL Faaberg, KS AF Guo, Baoqing Lager, Kelly M. Schlink, Sarah N. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. Brockmeier, Susan L. Miller, Laura C. Swenson, Sabrina L. Faaberg, Kay S. TI Chinese and Vietnamese strains of HP-PRRSV cause different pathogenic outcomes in United States high health swine SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus; PRRSV; Highly-pathogenic; China; Vietnam; US Swine; Virus; Cytokine; Bacteria ID RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME-VIRUS; ANTIBODY REPERTOIRE DEVELOPMENT; PORCINE EPIDEMIC ABORTION; ISOLATE ATCC VR-2332; B-CELLS; IMMUNE DYSREGULATION; LELYSTAD VIRUS; PIGS; INFECTION; PIGLETS AB An infectious clone of a highly pathogenic PRRSV strain from Vietnam (rSRV07) was prepared and was demonstrated to contain multiple amino acid differences throughout the genome when compared to Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV strain rJXwn06. Virus rescued from the rSRV07 infectious clone was compared to rJXwn07 and US Type 2 prototype strain VR-2332 to examine the effects of virus genotype and phenotype on in vitro growth, and virus challenge dose on in vivo pathogenicity and host response. After swine inoculation at high- and low-doses of virus, rSRV07 was shown to replicate to an approximately 10-fold lower level in serum than rJXwn06, produced lower body temperatures than rJXwn06 and resulted in decreased mortality. Furthermore, a 9-plex cytokine panel revealed that the cytokine responses varied between different strains of PRRSV, as well as between tissues examined and by inoculum dose. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Guo, Baoqing] Iowa State Univ, Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. [Lager, Kelly M.; Schlink, Sarah N.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.; Brockmeier, Susan L.; Miller, Laura C.; Faaberg, Kay S.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Res Unitr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Swenson, Sabrina L.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA USA. RP Faaberg, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Res Unitr, Mailstop 2S-209,1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kay.faaberg@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 2013 VL 446 IS 1-2 BP 238 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.008 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 236ZX UT WOS:000325839100027 PM 24074587 ER PT J AU Pacheco, JM Gladue, DP Holinka, LG Arzt, J Bishop, E Smoliga, G Pauszek, SJ Bracht, AJ O'Donnell, V Fernandez-Sainz, I Fletcher, P Piccone, ME Rodriguez, LL Borca, MV AF Pacheco, Juan M. Gladue, Douglas P. Holinka, Lauren G. Arzt, Jonathan Bishop, Elizabeth Smoliga, George Pauszek, Steve J. Bracht, Alexa J. O'Donnell, Vivian Fernandez-Sainz, Ignacio Fletcher, Paige Piccone, Maria E. Rodriguez, Luis L. Borca, Manuel V. TI A partial deletion in non-structural protein 3A can attenuate foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE FMDV; Virus; Pathogenesis; 3A ID CELL-CULTURE; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SERIAL PASSAGES; CHICKEN EMBRYOS; WILD-TYPE; DETERMINANTS; PATHOGENESIS; VIRULENCE; STRAINS; PIGS AB The role of non-structural protein 3A of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) on the virulence in cattle has received significant attention. Particularly, a characteristic 10-20 amino acid deletion has been implicated as responsible for virus attenuation in cattle: a 10 amino acid deletion in the naturally occurring, porcinophilic FMDV O1 Taiwanese strain, and an approximately 20 amino acid deletion found in egg-adapted derivatives of FMDV serotypes O1 and C3. Previous reports using chimeric viruses linked the presence of these deletions to an attenuated phenotype in cattle although results were not conclusive. We report here the construction of a FMDV O1Campos variant differing exclusively from the highly virulent parental virus in a 20 amino acid deletion between 3A residues 87-106, and its characterization in vitro and in vivo. We describe a direct link between a deletion in the FMDV 3A protein and disease attenuation in cattle. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pacheco, Juan M.; Gladue, Douglas P.; Holinka, Lauren G.; Arzt, Jonathan; Bishop, Elizabeth; Smoliga, George; Pauszek, Steve J.; O'Donnell, Vivian; Fernandez-Sainz, Ignacio; Fletcher, Paige; Piccone, Maria E.; Rodriguez, Luis L.; Borca, Manuel V.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Bracht, Alexa J.] Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, APHIS, Greenport, NY USA. [Gladue, Douglas P.; O'Donnell, Vivian] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM manuel.borca@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Gladue, Douglas/0000-0002-7894-0233; Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178; Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 2013 VL 446 IS 1-2 BP 260 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.003 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 236ZX UT WOS:000325839100029 PM 24074589 ER PT J AU Turner, T Burri, BJ Jamil, KM Jamil, M AF Turner, Tami Burri, Betty J. Jamil, Kazi M. Jamil, Maleka TI The effects of daily consumption of beta-cryptoxanthin-rich tangerines and beta-carotene-rich sweet potatoes on vitamin A and carotenoid concentrations in plasma and breast milk of Bangladeshi women with low vitamin A status in a randomized controlled trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RED PALM OIL; PLANT FOODS; MONGOLIAN GERBILS; LEAFY VEGETABLES; LACTATING WOMEN; ADULT VOLUNTEER; DARK-GREEN; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHILDREN; SCHOOLCHILDREN AB Background: The potential of beta-cryptoxanthin (CX)-rich foods to form vitamin A (VA) in humans in not well understood. Objective: We measured the effects of consuming CX- and beta-carotene (BC)-rich foods on plasma and breast milk VA and carotenoids in lactating women with low VA status. Design: Participants were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 34, 34, 34, and 33, respectively) receiving orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSPs) (12 mg BC/d), tangerines (5.3 mg CX/d), white-fleshed sweet potatoes (WFSPs) with a VA supplement (0.5 mg/d), or WFSPs 2 times/d, 6 d/wk for 3 wk. All except the VA group received placebo capsules identical in appearance to VA supplements. Changes in plasma and breast milk VA, BC, and CX were measured. Results: Plasma retinol increased in the VA group. Plasma BC in the OFSP group and CX in the tangerine group increased 250% and 830%, respectively; apparent relative absorption in the CX group, considering the amounts consumed, was 4 times that in the BC group. Mean (+/- SEM) changes in milk VA in the OFSP (0.028 +/- 0.074 mu mol/L) and tangerine (0.067 +/- 0.091 mu mol/L) groups did not differ from those in the control (-0.077 +/- 0.068 mu mol/L) or VA (0.277 +/- 0.094 mu mol/L) group. Milk CX increased in the tangerine group. Conclusions: VA capsules increased plasma and milk VA concentrations. The greater change in CX concentrations in the tangerine group than in BC concentrations in the OFSP group suggests that CX in tangerines was better absorbed, but both foods failed to increase milk VA concentrations. This trial was registered at clinical-trials.gov as NCT01420406. C1 [Turner, Tami; Burri, Betty J.] ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA USA. [Turner, Tami; Burri, Betty J.] Univ Calif Davis, Program Int & Community Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jamil, Kazi M.; Jamil, Maleka] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM betty.burri@ars.usda.gov FU USDA AFRI/NIFA [2008-01889] FX Supported by a grant from the USDA AFRI/NIFA (2008-01889). NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1200 EP 1208 DI 10.3945/ajcn.113.058180 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 239XJ UT WOS:000326059000008 PM 24004891 ER PT J AU Bhupathiraju, SN Lichtenstein, AH Dawson-Hughes, B Hannan, MT Tucker, KL AF Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Hannan, Marian T. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Adherence to the 2006 American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk reduction is associated with bone health in older Puerto Ricans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MINERAL DENSITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PATTERNS; ADULTS; OSTEOPOROSIS; INFLAMMATION; MARKERS; COHORT; PREMENOPAUSAL; ACCULTURATION AB Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis are 2 major public health problems that share common pathophysiological mechanisms. It is possible that strategies to reduce CVD risk may also benefit bone health. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that adherence to the 2006 American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations (AHA-DLR) is associated with bone health. Design: We previously developed a unique diet and lifestyle score (American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Score; AHA-DLS) to assess adherence to the AHA-DLR. In a cross-sectional study of 933 Puerto Ricans aged 47-79 y, we modified the AHA-DLS to test associations with bone health. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck, trochanter, total hip, and lumbar spine (L2-L4) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: For every 5-unit increase in the modified AHA-DLS, BMD at the femoral neck, trochanter, total hip, and lumbar spine (L2-L4) was associated with a 0.005-0.008-g/cm(2) (P < 0.05) higher value. No component of the AHA-DLR alone was responsible for the observed positive associations. For every 5-unit increase in the modified AHA-DLS, the odds for osteoporosis or osteopenia at the trochanter, total hip, and lumbar spine (L2-L4) were lower by 14% (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.92), 17% (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.92), and 9% (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.99), respectively. Conclusions: Dietary guidelines for CVD risk reduction may also benefit bone health in this Hispanic cohort. Synchronizing dietary guidelines for these 2 common diseases may provide a simplified public health message. C1 [Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hannan, Marian T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Hebrew SeniorLife, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Clin Lab & Nutr Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Clin Lab & Nutr Sci, 3 Solomont Way,Suite 4, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM katherine_tucker@uml.edu OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIH [P50 HL105185, P01AG023394, R01 AG027087-01A1] FX Supported by grants from the NIH (P50 HL105185, P01AG023394, and R01 AG027087-01A1). NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1316 DI 10.3945/ajcn.112.056267 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 239XJ UT WOS:000326059000020 PM 24047918 ER PT J AU Awinda, PO Mealey, RH Williams, LBA Conrad, PA Packham, AE Reif, KE Grause, JF Pelzel-McCluskey, AM Chung, C Bastos, RG Kappmeyer, LS Howe, DK Ness, SL Knowles, DP Ueti, MW AF Awinda, Peter O. Mealey, Robert H. Williams, Laura B. A. Conrad, Patricia A. Packham, Andrea E. Reif, Kathryn E. Grause, Juanita F. Pelzel-McCluskey, Angela M. Chung, Chungwon Bastos, Reginaldo G. Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Howe, Daniel K. Ness, SallyAnne L. Knowles, Donald P. Ueti, Massaro W. TI Serum Antibodies from a Subset of Horses Positive for Babesia caballi by Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Demonstrate a Protein Recognition Pattern That Is Not Consistent with Infection SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; WESTERN-BLOT; PIROPLASMOSIS; TRANSMISSION; APICOMPLEXA; IMPACT AB Tick-borne pathogens that cause persistent infection are of major concern to the livestock industry because of transmission risk from persistently infected animals and the potential economic losses they pose. The recent reemergence of Theileria equi in the United States prompted a widespread national survey resulting in identification of limited distribution of equine piroplasmosis (EP) in the U. S. horse population. This program identified Babesia caballi-seropositive horses using rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1)-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), despite B. caballi being considered nonendemic on the U. S. mainland. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of RAP-1-cELISA as a single serological test to determine the infection status of B. caballi in U. S. horses. Immunoblotting indicated that sera from U. S. horses reacted with B. caballi lysate and purified B. caballi RAP-1 protein. Antibody reactivity to B. caballi lysate was exclusively directed against a single similar to 50-kDa band corresponding to a native B. caballi RAP-1 protein. In contrast, sera from experimentally and naturally infected horses from regions where B. caballi is endemic bound multiple proteins ranging from 30 to 50 kDa. Dilutions of sera from U. S. horses positive by cELISA revealed low levels of antibodies, while sera from horses experimentally infected with B. caballi and from areas where B. caballi is endemic had comparatively high antibody levels. Finally, blood transfer from seropositive U. S. horses into naive horses demonstrated no evidence of B. caballi transmission, confirming that antibody reactivity in cELISA-positive U. S. horses was not consistent with infection. Therefore, we conclude that a combination of cELISA and immunoblotting is required for the accurate serodiagnosis of B. caballi. C1 [Awinda, Peter O.; Mealey, Robert H.; Williams, Laura B. A.; Reif, Kathryn E.; Chung, Chungwon; Bastos, Reginaldo G.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kappmeyer, Lowell S.; Knowles, Donald P.; Ueti, Massaro W.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Conrad, Patricia A.; Packham, Andrea E.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grause, Juanita F.] USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Pelzel-McCluskey, Angela M.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Western Reg Off, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Howe, Daniel K.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, MH Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. [Ness, SallyAnne L.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ueti, MW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM massaro@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS [5348-32000-034-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS 5348-32000-034-00D. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 EI 1556-679X J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1752 EP 1757 DI 10.1128/CVI.00479-13 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 241KI UT WOS:000326165300013 PM 24049108 ER PT J AU Lacombe, A Tadepalli, S Hwang, CA Wu, VCH AF Lacombe, Alison Tadepalli, Shravani Hwang, Chen-An Wu, Vivian C. H. TI Phytochemicals in Lowbush Wild Blueberry Inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Damaging Its Cell Membrane SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES; VACCINIUM-MACROCARPON; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; GROUND-BEEF; LIKELY MODE AB The antimicrobial activity and model of action of polyphenolic compounds extracted from lowbush wild blueberries (LWB) were studied against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Polyphenols in LWB were extracted using 80% vol/vol methanol and designated as total blueberry phenolics (TBP). The fraction was further separated by a C-18 Sep-Pak cartridge into monomeric phenolics acids (MPA) and anthocyanins plus proanthocyanidins (A&P). The A&P fraction was further separated into anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins using a LH-20 Sephadex column. Each fraction was diluted in 0.85% wt/vol NaCl, inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 to achieve 8 log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, and incubated at 25 degrees C for 1h. The survival populations of E. coli O157:H7 in the phenolic fractions were determined by a viable cell counts method. The permeability of the cell membrane of E. coli O157:H7 was determined using LIVE/DEAD viability assay, and the damage was visualized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Significant (p<0.05) reductions of 5 log CFU/mL of E. coli O157:H7 were observed for MPA at 0.4g/L gallic acid equivalents (GAE), A&P at 0.9g/L GAE, and anthocyanins at 0.65g/L GAE. Reductions of 6-7CFU/mL were observed for MPA at 0.8g/L GAE, A&P at 1.8g/L GAE, and anthocyanins at 1.3g/L GAE compared to the control. The cell membrane of E. coli O157:H7 exhibited a significantly increased permeability when treated with proanthocyanidins (0.15g/L GAE), A&P (0.45g/L GAE), anthocyanins (0.65g/L GAE), and TBP (0.14g/L GAE). TEM confirmed the inactivation and increased membrane permeability of E. coli O157:H7. This study demonstrated the antimicrobial effect of polyphenols from LWB against E. coli O157:H7 and the probable mode of action. C1 [Lacombe, Alison; Tadepalli, Shravani; Wu, Vivian C. H.] Univ Maine, Sch Food & Agr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hwang, Chen-An] ARS, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Wu, VCH (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Food & Agr, 5735 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM vivian.wu@umit.maine.edu FU USDA NNF [2007-38420-17764]; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station at the University of Maine [3325]; Hatch Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [ME08562-10] FX The authors of this article would like to thank Electron Microscopy facility, Mr. Kelly Edwards, and Dr. Seth Tyler at the University of Maine for their assistance in this research. This research was supported by USDA NNF under agreement No. 2007-38420-17764 and Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station at the University of Maine with external publication number 3325. Work is based upon research supported in part by Hatch Grant number ME08562-10 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 25 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 10 IS 11 BP 944 EP 950 DI 10.1089/fpd.2013.1504 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 240QG UT WOS:000326111400005 PM 23944751 ER PT J AU Pozio, E Zarlenga, DS AF Pozio, Edoardo Zarlenga, Dante S. TI New pieces of the Trichinella puzzle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Trichinella; Taxonomy; Phylogeny; Biology; Epidemiology; Genomics; Proteomics ID FOXES VULPES-VULPES; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; CROCODILES CROCODYLUS-NILOTICUS; WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS; LIFE-CYCLE STAGES; HUMAN TRICHINOSIS; RED FOXES; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; GENUS TRICHINELLA AB Contrary to our understanding of just a few decades ago, the genus Trichinella now consists of a complex assemblage of no less than nine different species and three additional genotypes whose taxonomic status remains in flux. New data and methodologies have allowed advancements in detection and differentiation at the population level which in turn have demonstrably advanced epidemiological, immunological and genetic investigations. In like manner, molecular and genetic studies have permitted us to hypothesise biohistorical events leading to the worldwide dissemination of this genus, and to begin crystalising the evolution of Trichinella on a macro scale. The identification of species in countries and continents otherwise considered Trichinella-free has raised questions regarding host adaptation and associations, and advanced important findings on the biogeographical histories of its members. Using past reviews as a backdrop, we have ventured to present an up-to-date assessment of the taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships and epidemiology of the genus Trichinella with additional insights on host species, survival strategies in nature and the shortcomings of our current understanding of the epidemiology of the genus. In addition, we have begun compiling information available to date on genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and population studies of consequence in the hope we can build on this in years to come. (C) 2013 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pozio, Edoardo] Ist Super Sanita, European Union Reference Lab Parasites, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Zarlenga, Dante S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pozio, E (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, European Union Reference Lab Parasites, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM edoardo.pozio@iss.it NR 168 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 43 IS 12-13 BP 983 EP 997 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.05.010 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 240ZO UT WOS:000326136400005 PM 23816802 ER PT J AU Beam, AL Thilmany, DD Garber, LP Van Metre, DC Pritchard, RW Kopral, CA Olea-Popelka, FJ AF Beam, Andrea L. Thilmany, Dawn D. Garber, Lindsey P. Van Metre, David C. Pritchard, Randy W. Kopral, Christine A. Olea-Popelka, Francisco J. TI Factors affecting use of veterinarians by small-scale food animal operations SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CARE USAGE; MEDICINE; SHORTAGES; HEALTH AB Objective-To identify factors associated with use of a veterinarian by small-scale food animal operations. Design-Cross-sectional descriptive survey. Sample-16,000 small-scale farm or ranch operations in all 50 states. Procedures-Surveys were conducted via mail or telephone during 2011 for small-scale operations (gross annual agricultural sales between $10,000 and $499,999) in which an animal or animal product comprised the highest percentage of annual sales. Results-8,186 (51.2%) operations responded to the survey; 7,849 surveys met the inclusion criteria. For 6,511 (83.0%) operations, beef cattle were the primary animal species. An estimated 82.1 % of operations (95% confidence interval [Cl], 81.1% to 83.0%) had a veterinarian available <= 29 miles away; 1.4% (95% Cl, 1.2% to 1.7%) did not have a veterinarian available within 100 miles of the operation. Operations for which the nearest veterinarian was 100 miles away or for which a veterinarian was not available were located in 40 US states. Overall, 61.7% of operations (95% Cl, 60.6% to 62.9%) had used a veterinarian during the 12 months prior to the survey. Producers with college degrees were significantly more likely to use a veterinarian (67.5%) versus those who did not complete high school (52.9%). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results of this study indicated most small-scale operations had adequate access to veterinarians during 2011, but there seemed to be localized shortages of veterinarians in many states. C1 [Beam, Andrea L.; Garber, Lindsey P.; Kopral, Christine A.] Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, APHIS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Beam, Andrea L.; Pritchard, Randy W.; Kopral, Christine A.] Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, APHIS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Thilmany, Dawn D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Coll Agr Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Van Metre, David C.; Olea-Popelka, Francisco J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Beam, AL (reprint author), Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, APHIS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM andrea.l.beam@aphis.usda.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 EI 1943-569X J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 243 IS 9 BP 1334 EP 1344 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 241WF UT WOS:000326198700020 PM 24134586 ER PT J AU Rota, CT Millspaugh, JJ Kesler, DC Lehman, CP Rumble, MA Jachowski, CMB AF Rota, Christopher T. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Kesler, Dylan C. Lehman, Chad P. Rumble, Mark A. Jachowski, Catherine M. B. TI A re-evaluation of a case-control model with contaminated controls for resource selection studies SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; data cloning; Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling; maximum partial likelihood estimator; optimization; presence-only; prevalence; pseudo-absence; radiotelemetry; use-availability ID PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; PROBABILITY; PREDICTION; ECOLOGY; MAXENT; ERRORS AB 1. A common sampling design in resource selection studies involves measuring resource attributes at sample units used by an animal and at sample units considered available for use. Few models can estimate the absolute probability of using a sample unit from such data, but such approaches are generally preferred over statistical methods that estimate a relative probability of use. The case-control model that allows for contaminated controls, proposed by Lancaster & Imbens (1996) and Lele (2009), can estimate the absolute probability of using a sample unit from use-availability data. However, numerous misconceptions have likely prevented the widespread application of this model to resource selection studies. We address common misconceptions regarding the case-control model with contaminated controls and demonstrate its ability to estimate the absolute probability of use, prevalence and parameters associated with categorical covariates from use-availability data. We fit the case-control model with contaminated controls to simulated data with varying prevalence (defined as the average probability of use across all sample units) and sample sizes (n(1)=500 used and n(a)=500 available samples; n(1)=1000 used and n(a)=1000 available samples). We then applied this model to estimate the probability Ozark hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi) would use a location within a stream as a function of covariates. The case-control model with contaminated controls provided unbiased estimates of all parameters at N=2000 sample size simulation scenarios, particularly at low prevalence. However, this model produced increasingly variable maximum likelihood estimates of parameters as prevalence increased, particularly at N=1000 sample size scenarios. We thus recommend at least 500-1000 used samples when fitting the case-control model with contaminated controls to use-availability data. Our application to hellbender data revealed selection for locations with coarse substrate that are close to potential sources of cover. This study unites a disparate literature, addresses and clarifies many commonly held misconceptions and demonstrates that the case-control model with contaminated controls is a viable alternative for estimating the absolute probability of use from use-availability data. C1 [Rota, Christopher T.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.; Kesler, Dylan C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lehman, Chad P.] South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Custer, SD USA. [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD USA. [Jachowski, Catherine M. B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Rota, CT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ctr4g2@mail.missouri.edu OI Rota, Christopher/0000-0001-9272-4687 FU South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks; State Non-Game Fund [W-75-R-132, No. 7599]; State Wildlife Grant [T39, 2439, 08-CO-11221632]; U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [07-JV-11221609-211] FX This work was supported in part by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, State Non-Game Fund (Project W-75-R-132, No. 7599), State Wildlife Grant T39, study number 2439, Collection Agreement 08-CO-11221632, and the U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Joint Venture Agreement (07-JV-11221609-211). We thank J. Belant, R. Gitzen, F. Huettmann, B. Inouye, J. Stafford and D. Turner, and 3 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on early versions of this manuscript. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1165 EP 1173 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12092 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 239PC UT WOS:000326036800007 PM 23701233 ER PT J AU Trasino, SE Dawson, HD Urban, JF Wang, TTY Solano-Aguilar, G AF Trasino, Steven E. Dawson, Harry D. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Wang, Thomas T. Y. Solano-Aguilar, Gloria TI Feeding probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei to Ossabaw pigs on a high-fat diet prevents cholesteryl-ester accumulation and LPS modulation of the Liver X receptor and inflammatory axis in alveolar macrophages SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alveolar macrophages; Cholesterol; LXR; L paracasei; ABCA1 ID FOAM CELL-FORMATION; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; FERMENTED MILK; BIFIDOBACTERIUM-LONGUM; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; LIPID-METABOLISM; II PNEUMOCYTES; RETINOIC ACID AB Liver X receptors (LXR) play an integral role in cholesterol metabolism and the inflammatory response. High-fat (HF) diets and microbial infection can antagonize the LXR pathway leading to accumulation of cholesteryl-esters (CE) and increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus paracasei possesses cholesterol lowering and immune modulating properties. Therefore, the present study sought to model whether daily feeding of L paracasei to juvenile Ossabaw pigs fed a HF diet could modulate cholesterol metabolism and the LXR/inflammatory axis in lipopolysacharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM). The results showed that AM from pigs fed a HF diet had significantly higher concentrations of CE compared to AM from pigs fed a control (C) diet, but not in pigs fed a HF diet with L paracasei (HFPB). Ex vivo LPS stimulation of AM opposed LXR agonist-mediated transcription of cholesterol metabolism related genes: ABCA1, CH25H and PPAR gamma in pigs on the C diet, and LXR alpha, ABCA1, ABCG1, CH25H and PPAR gamma in pigs on the HF diet. This effect was abrogated for all these genes except LXRa in AM from pigs given L. paracasei. Protein analysis of culture supernatants revealed that AM from HFPB-fed pigs had significantly lower LPS-induced protein expression of IL-1 beta than AM from HF-fed pigs. Moreover, AM from pigs fed the C diet and given L paracasei, had significantly higher mRNA levels of IL-8, and IL-6, in response to LPS. These data demonstrated a role for L paracasei in modulating AM cholesterol metabolism and the response to LPS. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Trasino, Steven E.; Dawson, Harry D.; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.; Wang, Thomas T. Y.; Solano-Aguilar, Gloria] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Solano-Aguilar, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC East,Bldg 307C,Rm 225, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Gloria.SolanoAguilar@ars.usda.gov OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU USDA; ARS appropriated CRIS [1235-51530-053]; USDA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement [58-3K95-9-1373] FX This work was supported by USDA, ARS appropriated CRIS 1235-51530-053 and USDA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement 58-3K95-9-1373 with Chr. Hansen Horsholm, Denmark. Chr Hansen Inc. provided the Lactobacillus paracasei used for this project. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 EI 1873-4847 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1931 EP 1939 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.06.001 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 241AV UT WOS:000326139700016 PM 24060267 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, LF AF Ruggiero, Leonard F. TI The Politics of Ignorance SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Letter ID SCIENCE; FOREST C1 USDA Forest Serv Res & Dev, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Ruggiero, LF (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv Res & Dev, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 East Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1489 EP 1489 DI 10.1002/jwmg.627 PG 1 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 239GR UT WOS:000326011100002 ER PT J AU Mccall, BS Mitchell, MS Schwartz, MK Hayden, J Cushman, SA Zager, P Kasworm, WF AF Mccall, Barbara S. Mitchell, Michael S. Schwartz, Michael K. Hayden, Jim Cushman, Samuel A. Zager, Pete Kasworm, Wayne F. TI Combined Use of Mark-Recapture and Genetic Analyses Reveals Response of a Black Bear Population to Changes in Food Productivity SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; genetic structure; Idaho; mark-recapture; noninvasive sampling; population genetics; Wahlund effect ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; GRIZZLY BEARS; NATIONAL-PARK; BROWN BEARS; CAPTURE; INFERENCE; SURVIVAL; DISPERSAL; CONSERVATION AB We used mark-recapture analysis to investigate the dynamics of a black bear (Ursus americanus) population in northern Idaho where food availability varies seasonally and annually. We conducted noninvasive genetic sampling (NGS) during 2003-2006 in the Purcell Mountains of Idaho to collect black bear DNA samples for individual identification of bears. We used a combination of both mark-recapture and genetic analyses to evaluate whether variation in vital rates and genetic substructure was a function of changing food productivity in the study area. We found a heterozygote deficiency and detected genetic substructure within a single year, suggesting we sampled multiple subpopulations (a Wahlund effect). Our mark-recapture analyses suggested this pattern was in response to interannual variation in summer berry abundance. This project demonstrated the potential pitfalls of interpreting mark-recapture data over short time periods without ancillary data that can be used to evaluate mechanisms of population change. We found NGS provided information not only for traditional mark-recapture analysis but also complimentary insights into demography gained through genetic analyses. Combining mark-recapture estimates with analyses of population genetics provides a more complete understanding of population dynamics than either method alone, thus improving ecological inferences and effective management. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Mccall, Barbara S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hayden, Jim] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Zager, Pete] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Kasworm, Wayne F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Libby, MT 59923 USA. RP Mccall, BS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Nat Sci Bldg Room 205, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game FX We thank the Idaho Department of Fish and Game for financial and logistical support of this project, as well as the many people who helped deploy and check hair-trapping stations used in this study. We also thank personnel from the Wildlife Genetics Laboratory at the United States Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station for their meticulous and thorough work on the genetic analyses. We are particularly grateful for helpful and thought-provoking reviews of this work by F. Allendorf, R. Waples, J. Boulanger, and 2 anonymous reviewers. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1572 EP 1582 DI 10.1002/jwmg.617 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 239GR UT WOS:000326011100010 ER PT J AU Grubb, TG Pater, LL Gatto, AE Delaney, DK AF Grubb, Teryl G. Pater, Larry L. Gatto, Angela E. Delaney, David K. TI Response of Nesting Northern Goshawks to Logging Truck Noise in Northern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; aircraft; forest roads; human disturbance; logging truck; management; noise; northern goshawk; response behavior ID PREY AB We recorded 94 sound-response events at 3 adult-occupied northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) nests 78m, 143m, and 167m from the nearest United States Forest Service maintenance level 3, improved gravel road on the Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona. During 4 test sessions on 7, 8, 10, and 11 June 2010, we recorded 60 experimentally controlled logging trucks; 30 non-experimental, civilian, fixed-winged aircraft; 3 non-experimental, passing cars; and 1 all-terrain vehicle (ATV). Logging truck sound, principally engine and exhaust, was concentrated in the 63Hz and 80Hz, 1/3-octave frequency bands. Aircraft sound was concentrated in the 100Hz and 125Hz, 1/3-octave frequency bands. Logging truck noise levels varied among nest sites and with distance from roads. At 167m from the closest road, the logging truck averaged approximately 8 decibels (dB, all decibel levels C-weighted, adjusted, 1s, equivalent sound level, CLEQ) quieter than aircraft. At 143m, the logging truck was approximately 3dB quieter than passing aircraft. Only at 78m was logging truck noise louder on average than aircraft, by approximately 6dB. Average aircraft noise levels for each day of testing ranged between 45.6dB and 67.9dB and when averaged across the entire study period, varied little among the 3 test sites, 60.1-65.6dB. On average, our test logging truck (61.9dB) was no louder than passing aircraft (62.3dB), which goshawks generally ignored. The logging truck resulted in 27% no response and 73% alert (head turning) response, passing aircraft resulted in 90% no response and only 10% alert response, and the cars and ATV combined resulted in 50% each for no response and alert response. Goshawk alert response rates were inversely proportional to nest distance from the nearest road, decreasing from 91% to 57% alert between 78m and 167m. No movements or flushes were associated with either our experimental testing or passive recording of other vehicular noise stimuli. All tested pairs of goshawks successfully fledged young. Because logging truck noise had no effect on northern goshawks nesting along level 3, improved gravel roads on the Kaibab Plateau, restriction of log hauling and other road-based travel activities on similar roads within post-fledging family areas (PFAs) appears unnecessary based on the type and extent of our testing. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Grubb, Teryl G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Gatto, Angela E.] US Forest Serv, Kaibab Natl Forest, Fredonia, AZ 86022 USA. [Delaney, David K.] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Grubb, TG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tgrubb@fs.fed.us FU Kaibab National Forest FX The authors would like to thank NKRD field technicians R. Dastrup, C. Hagemann, and K. Miles for their dedication and long hours in the field recording logging truck and other noise levels, while diligently observing northern goshawk response behaviors. D. Saunders and P. Callaway, NKRD foresters, provided valuable advice and insight into log hauling operations. The cooperation of L. Reidhead, logging truck owner operator, is also greatly appreciated. R. Reynolds, Rocky Mountain Research Station scientist, and his field crews provided much helpful information on northern goshawk nesting activities, nest locations, and adult behaviors. C. King, formerly with NKRD and now with Arizona Department of Game and Fish, is gratefully acknowledged for her pioneering research into logging truck noise levels and effects on northern goshawk behavior in 2001-2002, a project that precipitated the current research effort. We thank R. Reynolds and J. Cooper for reviewing an earlier draft manuscript, and S. Baggett for statistical advice. We also appreciate the helpful comments of 2 anonymous reviewers. Primary funding for field data collection and analyses was provided by the Kaibab National Forest. We thank S. Brown, Kaibab National Forest Contracting, for facilitating that financial support. The U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, and U.S. Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory provided technical and logistical support. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by any of the participating agencies to the exclusion of other potentially suitable products or services. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1618 EP 1625 DI 10.1002/jwmg.607 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 239GR UT WOS:000326011100015 ER PT J AU Clark, DJ Pojednic, RM Reid, KF Patten, C Pasha, EP Phillips, EM Fielding, RA AF Clark, David J. Pojednic, Rachele M. Reid, Kieran F. Patten, Carolynn Pasha, Evan P. Phillips, Edward M. Fielding, Roger A. TI Longitudinal Decline of Neuromuscular Activation and Power in Healthy Older Adults SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Physical performance; Physical function; Muscle; Motor control ID MUSCLE POWER; CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES; TIBIALIS ANTERIOR; STRENGTH; AGE; SARCOPENIA; YOUNG; PERFORMANCE; DYNAPENIA; MOBILITY AB Background. Weakness contributes to the decline of physical function that occurs with aging. Contradictory findings have been reported as to whether neuromuscular activation is impaired with aging, and the extent to which it contributes to weakness. The present study uses a longitudinal design to assess how potential age-related change of neuromuscular activation affects strength, power, and mobility function. Methods. Participants included 16 healthy older adults who were healthy and high functioning at baseline. Strength was measured by leg press one repetition maximum. Power production was measured during a maximal effort rapid leg press movement with resistance set to 70% of the one repetition maximum. During the same movement, neuromuscular activation was quantified as the rate of rise of the quadriceps surface electromyogram (rate of electromyogram rise). Thigh muscle cross-sectional area was measured by computed tomography. Mobility function was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery. Results. The time between baseline and follow-up testing was almost 3 years. Between these time points, rate of electromyogram rise decreased 28% (p = .004) and power decreased 16.5% (p = .01). There was a trend for reduced anterior thigh muscle cross-sectional area (3%, p = .05), but no change in posterior thigh muscle cross-sectional area (p = .84), one repetition maximum strength (p = .72), or Short Physical Performance Battery score (p = .17). Loss of power was strongly associated with reduction in the rate of electromyogram rise (R-2 = .61, p < .001), but not with reduction of anterior thigh muscle cross-sectional area (p = .83). Conclusions. The present findings suggest that voluntary neuromuscular activation declines with advancing age, contributes to a reduction in power production, and precedes the decline of mobility function. C1 [Clark, David J.; Pojednic, Rachele M.; Reid, Kieran F.; Pasha, Evan P.; Phillips, Edward M.; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Clark, David J.; Patten, Carolynn] Malcom Randall VA Med Ctr, Brain Rehabil Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Clark, David J.] Univ Florida, Dept Aging & Geriatr Res, Gainesville, FL USA. [Patten, Carolynn] Univ Florida, Dept Phys Therapy, Gainesville, FL USA. [Phillips, Edward M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Phillips, Edward M.] Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Boston, MA USA. RP Clark, DJ (reprint author), Malcom Randall VA Med Ctr, Brain Rehabil Res Ctr 151A, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM davidclark@ufl.edu RI Patten, Carolynn/B-4804-2009 OI Patten, Carolynn/0000-0002-9948-0045 FU National Institute on Aging [AG-18844]; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [1P30AG031679]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-0-014]; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Rehabilitation Research and Development via Career Development Award [B7176W]; University of Florida Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [P30AG028740] FX This research was supported by the National Institute on Aging (AG-18844 to R. A. F.) and the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (1P30AG031679). This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-0-014. D.J.C. was supported by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Rehabilitation Research and Development via Career Development Award (B7176W) and the University of Florida Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30AG028740). NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1079-5006 EI 1758-535X J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1419 EP 1425 DI 10.1093/gerona/glt036 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 239BP UT WOS:000325996800012 PM 23676250 ER PT J AU Tizioto, PC Decker, JE Taylor, JF Schnabel, RD Mudadu, MA Silva, FL Mourao, GB Coutinho, LL Tholon, P Sonstegard, TS Rosa, AN Alencar, MM Tullio, RR Medeiros, SR Nassu, RT Feijo, GLD Silva, LOC Torres, RA Siqueira, F Higa, RH Regitano, LCA AF Tizioto, P. C. Decker, J. E. Taylor, J. F. Schnabel, R. D. Mudadu, M. A. Silva, F. L. Mourao, G. B. Coutinho, L. L. Tholon, P. Sonstegard, T. S. Rosa, A. N. Alencar, M. M. Tullio, R. R. Medeiros, S. R. Nassu, R. T. Feijo, G. L. D. Silva, L. O. C. Torres, R. A. Siqueira, F. Higa, R. H. Regitano, L. C. A. TI Genome scan for meat quality traits in Nelore beef cattle SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE GWAS; Zebu; QTL; beef; cattle ID WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; LOCI AFFECTING GROWTH; CARCASS COMPOSITION; FEED-EFFICIENCY; FAT DEPOSITION; M. LONGISSIMUS; GENE; TENDERNESS; PALATABILITY AB Meat quality traits are economically important because they affect consumers' acceptance, which, in turn, influences the demand for beef. However, selection to improve meat quality is limited by the small numbers of animals on which meat tenderness can be evaluated due to the cost of performing shear force analysis and the resultant damage to the carcass. Genome wide-association studies for Warner-Bratzler shear force measured at different times of meat aging, backfat thickness, ribeye muscle area, scanning parameters [lightness, redness (a*), and yellowness] to ascertain color characteristics of meat and fat, water-holding capacity, cooking loss (CL), and muscle pH were conducted using genotype data from the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip array to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) in all phenotyped Nelore cattle. Phenotype count for these animals ranged from 430 to 536 across traits. Meat quality traits in Nelore are controlled by numerous QTL of small effect, except for a small number of large-effect QTL identified for a* fat, CL, and pH. Genomic regions harboring these QTL and the pathways in which the genes from these regions act appear to differ from those identified in taurine cattle for meat quality traits. These results will guide future QTL mapping studies and the development of models for the prediction of genetic merit to implement genomic selection for meat quality in Nelore cattle. C1 [Tizioto, P. C.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Tizioto, P. C.; Decker, J. E.; Taylor, J. F.; Schnabel, R. D.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Mudadu, M. A.; Tholon, P.; Alencar, M. M.; Tullio, R. R.; Nassu, R. T.; Regitano, L. C. A.] Brazilian Agr Res Corp Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Silva, F. L.; Mourao, G. B.; Coutinho, L. L.] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Dept Zootecnia, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Sonstegard, T. S.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Rosa, A. N.; Medeiros, S. R.; Feijo, G. L. D.; Silva, L. O. C.; Torres, R. A.; Siqueira, F.] Embrapa Gado Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. [Higa, R. H.] Embrapa Informat Agr, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Regitano, LCA (reprint author), Embrapa Southeast Cattle Res Ctr, Biotechnol Lab, Rodovia Washington Luiz,Km 234 CP 339, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM luciana.regitano@embrapa.br RI de Alvarenga Mudadu, Mauricio/B-6524-2014; Regitano, Luciana/C-7002-2012; Tullio, Rymer/F-8798-2014; Mourao, Gerson/D-2064-2012; Tholon, Patricia/C-2004-2012; Nassu, Renata/B-7627-2012; Coutinho, Luiz/C-8455-2012 OI de Alvarenga Mudadu, Mauricio/0000-0002-2767-2507; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Decker, Jared/0000-0001-5685-7343; Regitano, Luciana/0000-0001-9242-8351; Mourao, Gerson/0000-0002-0990-4108; FU Embrapa; CNPq; FAPESP FX We thank Embrapa, CNPq, and FAPESP for financial support. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 EI 1531-2267 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD NOV PY 2013 VL 45 IS 21 BP 1012 EP 1020 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00066.2013 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 244FG UT WOS:000326371900004 PM 24022219 ER PT J AU Keiser, AD Knoepp, JD Bradford, MA AF Keiser, Ashley D. Knoepp, Jennifer D. Bradford, Mark A. TI Microbial communities may modify how litter quality affects potential decomposition rates as tree species migrate SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Litter decomposition; Carbon mineralization; Microbial community function; Functional breadth; Environmental gradient ID LEAF-LITTER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT DIVERSITY; SOIL; NITROGEN; MODEL; CHEMISTRY; WORLDWIDE; ELEVATION AB Climate change alters regional plant species distributions, creating new combinations of litter species and soil communities. Biogeographic patterns in microbial communities relate to dissimilarity in microbial community function, meaning novel litters to communities may decompose differently than predicted from their chemical composition. Therefore, the effect of a litter species in the biogeochemical cycle of its current environment may not predict patterns after migration. Under a tree migration sequence we test whether litter quality alone drives litter decomposition, or whether soil communities modify quality effects. Litter and soils were sampled across an elevation gradient of different overstory species where lower elevation species are predicted to migrate upslope. We use a common garden, laboratory microcosm design (soil community x litter environment) with single and mixed-species litters. We find significant litter quality and microbial community effects (P < 0.001), explaining 47 % of the variation in decomposition for mixed-litters. Soil community effects are driven by the functional breadth, or historical exposure, of the microbial communities, resulting in lower decomposition of litters inoculated with upslope communities. The litter x soil community interaction suggests that litter decomposition rates in forests of changing tree species composition will be a product of both litter quality and the recipient soil community. C1 [Keiser, Ashley D.; Bradford, Mark A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Knoepp, Jennifer D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Keiser, AD (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM ashley.keiser@yale.edu RI Bradford, Mark/G-3850-2012 OI Bradford, Mark/0000-0002-2022-8331 FU U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. National Science Foundation FX This research was funded by the U.S. Forest Service through a cooperative agreement to MAB and JK, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through a Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowship to ADK, and the U.S. National Science Foundation through the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program. We thank the National Park Service for granting us a research permit for the Blue Ridge Parkway National Park. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 122 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2013 VL 372 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s11104-013-1730-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 240JZ UT WOS:000326093300012 ER PT J AU Samac, DA Lamb, JFS Kinkel, LL Hanson, L AF Samac, Deborah A. Lamb, JoAnn F. S. Kinkel, Linda L. Hanson, Lindsey TI Effect of wheel traffic and green manure treatments on forage yield and crown rot in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Alfalfa; Buckwheat; Crown rot; Forage yield; Green manure; Lucerne; Medicago sativa; Streptomycete; Sorghum-sudangrass; Wheel traffic ID GRAZING-TOLERANT ALFALFA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ROOT ROTS; STREPTOMYCES; POTATO; SOIL; SELECTION; TRAITS; RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS AB Harvesting alfalfa damages crowns and increases the opportunity for entry of pathogens. Incorporation of green manures into soil increases population density of streptomycetes with broad pathogen antagonist activity. This study aimed to measure the impact of wheel traffic on forage yield and plant health and the effect of green manures to reduce disease. Buckwheat and sorghum-sundangrass were incorporated into soil 3 weeks before seeding alfalfa. Total bacteria, streptomycete, and pathogen antagonist densities were measured prior to planting green manures and alfalfa. Wheel traffic was applied 2 days after each forage harvest. Wheel traffic reduced forage yield 12 % to 17 % depending on year and location, significantly reduced plant counts, and increased crown rot compared to the no traffic control. Cultivar had a significant effect on yield, plant counts, and crown rot. Streptomycete density and pathogen antagonists increased when fall-sown green manure crops were incorporated in spring. Forage yields were significantly higher in plots with greater antagonist density when traffic was applied. Green manure treatments did not affect plant counts or crown rot. Mechanical wheel traffic reduces forage yield and increases disease. Green manure crops may provide benefits in alfalfa production systems by increasing pathogen antagonists. C1 [Samac, Deborah A.; Lamb, JoAnn F. S.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Samac, Deborah A.; Kinkel, Linda L.; Hanson, Lindsey] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lamb, JoAnn F. S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dasamac@umn.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2013 VL 372 IS 1-2 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s11104-013-1746-5 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 240JZ UT WOS:000326093300025 ER PT J AU Kageyama, SA Posavatz, NR Jones, SS Waterstripe, KE Bottomley, PJ Cromack, K Myrold, DD AF Kageyama, Stacie A. Posavatz, Nancy R. Jones, Sarah S. Waterstripe, Kirk E. Bottomley, Peter J. Cromack, Kermit, Jr. Myrold, David D. TI Effects of disturbance scale on soil microbial communities in the Western Cascades of Oregon SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; Fungi; Reciprocal transfer; Forest soil ID AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; ADJACENT CONIFEROUS FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; RECIPROCAL TRANSFERS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; NATURAL DISTURBANCES; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; MEADOW VEGETATION AB To gain a better understanding of how rapidly microbial communities respond to different magnitudes of perturbation that mimic minor or catastrophic disturbances. Two montane sites in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon with adjacent areas of forest and meadow vegetation were studied. A reciprocal transplant experiment evaluated both minor (soil cores remaining in the same vegetation type) or more severe disturbance (soil cores transferred to a different vegetation type). The biomass and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities were measured for 2 years following the establishment of the experiment. Minor disturbance (coring) had little impact on microbial biomass but transferring between vegetation type showed greater fungal biomass in soil incubated in the forest environment. The composition of bacterial communities was not influenced by coring but responded strongly to transfers between vegetation sites, changing to reflect their new environment after 2 years. Fungal community composition responded somewhat to coring, probably from disrupting mycorrhizal fungal hyphae, but more strongly to being transferred to a new environment. The response of the microbial community to major disturbance was rapid, showing shifts reflective of their new environment within 2 years, suggesting that microbial communities have the capacity to quickly adjust to catastrophic disturbances. C1 [Kageyama, Stacie A.] ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Posavatz, Nancy R.] Mannik & Smith Grp Inc, Traverse City, MI 49684 USA. [Jones, Sarah S.] Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Waterstripe, Kirk E.] Northwestern Michigan Coll, Biol Program, Traverse City, MI 49686 USA. [Bottomley, Peter J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bottomley, Peter J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cromack, Kermit, Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Myrold, David D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Myrold, DD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Agr & Life Sci Bldg 3017, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM David.Myrold@oregonstate.edu RI Myrold, David/E-1813-2011 OI Myrold, David/0000-0001-6418-226X FU National Science Foundation Microbial Observatory Program [MCB-9977933, MCB-0348689]; Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station FX Support for this work was provided by grants from the National Science Foundation Microbial Observatory Program (MCB-9977933 and MCB-0348689) and by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. We acknowledge the NSF Long-term Ecological Research program for infrastructure support at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest. Numerous present and past members of our laboratory assisted in site establishment, soil sampling, and generation of supporting data. We thank the staff of the Core Labs of the Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing for their help and guidance with Gene Scan analyses. The insights provided by the reviewers and editor helped us to improve the final product. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2013 VL 372 IS 1-2 BP 459 EP 471 DI 10.1007/s11104-013-1760-7 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 240JZ UT WOS:000326093300033 ER PT J AU Khasanova, A James, JJ Drenovsky, RE AF Khasanova, Albina James, Jeremy J. Drenovsky, Rebecca E. TI Impacts of drought on plant water relations and nitrogen nutrition in dryland perennial grasses SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Drought tolerance; Gas exchange; Nitrogen use efficiency; Resorption efficiency; Resorption proficiency ID NUTRIENT RESORPTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOSPHORUS; RESPONSES; TRAITS; STRESS; TOLERANCE; SEEDLINGS AB Extensive worldwide dryland degradation calls for identification of functional traits critical to dryland plant performance and restoration outcomes. Most trait examination has focused on drought tolerance, although most dryland systems are water and nutrient co-limited. We studied how drought impacts both plant water relations and nitrogen (N) nutrition. We grew a suite of grasses common to the Intermountain West under both well-watered and drought conditions in the greenhouse. These grasses represented three congener pairs (Agropyron, Elymus, Festuca) differing in their habitat of origin ("wetter" or "drier"). We measured growth, water relations, N resorption efficiency and proficiency and photosynthetic N use efficiency in response to drought. Drought decreased growth and physiological function in the suite of grasses studied, including a negative impact on plant N resorption efficiency and proficiency. This effect on resorption increased over the course of the growing season. Evolutionary history constrained species responses to treatment, with genera varying in the magnitude of their response to drought conditions. Surprisingly, habitat of origin influenced few trait responses. Drought impacted plant N conservation, although these responses also were constrained by evolutionary history. Future plant development programs should consider drought tolerance not only from the perspective of water relations but also plant mineral nutrition, taking into account the role of phylogeny. C1 [Khasanova, Albina; Drenovsky, Rebecca E.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, AL 44118 USA. [James, Jeremy J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Drenovsky, RE (reprint author), John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, 1 John Carroll Blvd, University Hts, AL 44118 USA. EM rdrenovsky@jcu.edu FU John Carroll University Office of Graduate Studies; Biology Department FX We thank J. R. Johansen, C. A. Sheil, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments regarding the manuscript and T. Jones for help with species selection and access to plant material. For additional laboratory and greenhouse assistance, we thank S. Harrington, M. Julian, J. Walker, N. Pietrasiak, and M. Thornhill. The John Carroll University Office of Graduate Studies and the Biology Department helped to support this work. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2013 VL 372 IS 1-2 BP 541 EP 552 DI 10.1007/s11104-013-1747-4 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 240JZ UT WOS:000326093300038 ER PT J AU Punshon, T Tappero, R Ricachenevsky, FK Hirschi, K Nakata, PA AF Punshon, Tracy Tappero, Ryan Ricachenevsky, Felipe K. Hirschi, Kendal Nakata, Paul A. TI Contrasting calcium localization and speciation in leaves of the Medicago truncatula mutant cod5 analyzed via synchrotron X-ray techniques SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE calcium oxalate; elemental imaging; Medicago truncatula; synchrotron X-ray fluorescence; XANES ID OXALATE CRYSTAL-FORMATION; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; MUTANTS; SPECTROSCOPY; FORMS AB Oxalate-producing plants accumulate calcium oxalate crystals (CaOx((c))) in the range of 3-80% w/w of their dry weight, reducing calcium (Ca) bioavailability. The calcium oxalate deficient5 (cod5) mutant of Medicago truncatula has been previously shown to contain similar Ca concentrations to wild-type (WT) plants, but lower oxalate and CaOx((c)) concentrations. We imaged the Ca distribution in WT and cod5 leaflets via synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping (SXRF). We observed a difference in the Ca distribution between cod5 and WT leaflets, manifested as an abundance of Ca in the interveinal areas and a lack of Ca along the secondary veins in cod5, i.e. the opposite of what is observed in WT. X-ray microdiffraction (XRD) of M.truncatula leaves confirmed that crystalline CaOx((c)) (whewellite; CaC2O4H2O) was present in the WT only, in cells sheathing the secondary veins. Together with XRD, microbeam Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) indicated that, among the forms of CaOx, i.e. crystalline or amorphous, only amorphous CaOx was present in cod5. These results demonstrate that deletion of COD5 changes both Ca localization and the form of CaOx within leaflets. C1 [Punshon, Tracy] Dartmouth Coll, Life Sci Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Tappero, Ryan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Photon Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ricachenevsky, Felipe K.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Ctr Biotecnol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Hirschi, Kendal] Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Hirschi, Kendal; Nakata, Paul A.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Punshon, T (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Life Sci Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM tracy.punshon@dartmouth.edu RI Ricachenevsky, Felipe/E-2386-2013 OI Ricachenevsky, Felipe/0000-0001-5429-3759 FU US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42 ES007373-17]; Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Center [P20 ES018175, RD-83459901]; US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-62650-6001, 58-6250-0-008]; US Department of Agriculture [2005-34402-16401]; US Department of Energy - Geosciences [DE-FG02-92ER14244]; Brookhaven National Laboratory-Department of Environmental Sciences; Department of Energy [58-6250-0-008] FX The authors would like to thank Megan Bourassa for her work on cryo-sectioning of the Medicago leaf samples. This work was supported by grants from the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Superfund Research Program P42 ES007373-17) and the Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Center (P20 ES018175 and RD-83459901) to T. P., a grant to K. H. from the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (under cooperative agreement 58-62650-6001), US Department of Agriculture grant CSRESS#2005-34402-16401 'Designing Foods for Health' to K. H., and a grant to P.A.N. from the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (under cooperative agreement 58-6250-0-008). Part of this work was performed at beamline X27A, National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, NY). Beamline X27A is supported in part by the US Department of Energy - Geosciences (grant DE-FG02-92ER14244 to the University of Chicago) and Brookhaven National Laboratory-Department of Environmental Sciences. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the Department of Energy under contract number DEAC02-98CH10886. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 76 IS 4 BP 627 EP 633 DI 10.1111/tpj.12322 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 241AF UT WOS:000326138100008 PM 24033783 ER PT J AU Feechan, A Anderson, C Torregrosa, L Jermakow, A Mestre, P Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, S Merdinoglu, D Walker, AR Cadle-Davidson, L Reisch, B Aubourg, S Bentahar, N Shrestha, B Bouquet, A Adam-Blondon, AF Thomas, MR Dry, IB AF Feechan, Angela Anderson, Claire Torregrosa, Laurent Jermakow, Angelica Mestre, Pere Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, Sabine Merdinoglu, Didier Walker, Amanda R. Cadle-Davidson, Lance Reisch, Bruce Aubourg, Sebastien Bentahar, Nadia Shrestha, Bipna Bouquet, Alain Adam-Blondon, Anne-Francoise Thomas, Mark R. Dry, Ian B. TI Genetic dissection of a TIR-NB-LRR locus from the wild North American grapevine species Muscadinia rotundifolia identifies paralogous genes conferring resistance to major fungal and oomycete pathogens in cultivated grapevine SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE grapevine; Vitis vinifera; Muscadinia rotundifolia; resistance; powdery mildew; downy mildew; Erysiphe necator; Plasmopora viticola ID POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; DOWNY MILDEW; ERYSIPHE-NECATOR; PLANT DEFENSE; GENOMIC DNA; SEQUENCE; SYSTEM; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN; VIRUS AB The most economically important diseases of grapevine cultivation worldwide are caused by the fungal pathogen powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator syn. Uncinula necator) and the oomycete pathogen downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). Currently, grapegrowers rely heavily on the use of agrochemicals to minimize the potentially devastating impact of these pathogens on grape yield and quality. The wild North American grapevine species Muscadinia rotundifolia was recognized as early as 1889 to be resistant to both powdery and downy mildew. We have now mapped resistance to these two mildew pathogens in M.rotundifolia to a single locus on chromosome 12 that contains a family of seven TIR-NB-LRR genes. We further demonstrate that two highly homologous (86% amino acid identity) members of this gene family confer strong resistance to these unrelated pathogens following genetic transformation into susceptible Vitis vinifera winegrape cultivars. These two genes, designated resistance to Uncinula necator (MrRUN1) and resistance to Plasmopara viticola (MrRPV1) are the first resistance genes to be cloned from a grapevine species. Both MrRUN1 and MrRPV1 were found to confer resistance to multiple powdery and downy mildew isolates from France, North America and Australia; however, a single powdery mildew isolate collected from the south-eastern region of North America, to which M.rotundifolia is native, was capable of breaking MrRUN1-mediated resistance. Comparisons of gene organization and coding sequences between M.rotundifolia and the cultivated grapevine V.vinifera at the MrRUN1/MrRPV1 locus revealed a high level of synteny, suggesting that the TIR-NB-LRR genes at this locus share a common ancestor. C1 [Feechan, Angela; Anderson, Claire; Jermakow, Angelica; Walker, Amanda R.; Thomas, Mark R.; Dry, Ian B.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Torregrosa, Laurent] Montpellier SupAgro, UMR AGAP, F-34060 Montpellier, France. [Mestre, Pere; Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, Sabine; Merdinoglu, Didier] INRA, Sante Vigne & Qualite Vin UMR1131, F-68000 Colmar, France. [Mestre, Pere; Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, Sabine; Merdinoglu, Didier] Univ Strasbourg, Sante Vigne & Qualite Vin UMR1131, F-68000 Colmar, France. [Cadle-Davidson, Lance] USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Reisch, Bruce] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, New York Agr Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Aubourg, Sebastien; Bentahar, Nadia; Adam-Blondon, Anne-Francoise] INRA, URGV, F-91057 Evry, France. [Shrestha, Bipna; Bouquet, Alain] INRA, UMR AGAP, F-34060 Montpellier, France. RP Dry, IB (reprint author), CSIRO Plant Ind, POB 350, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM ian.dry@csiro.au RI poinssot, benoit/B-2569-2009; Thomas, Mark/A-3117-2010; Walker, Amanda/C-4957-2012; Dry, Ian/A-5004-2008 OI ADAM-BLONDON, Anne-Francoise/0000-0002-3412-9086; Anderson, Claire/0000-0003-1347-0274; Mestre, Pere/0000-0003-4488-6563; Walker, Amanda/0000-0002-7596-8484; FU Grape and Wine Research Development Corporation; CSIRO Plant Industry; Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, France FX This work was funded in part by the Grape and Wine Research Development Corporation, CSIRO Plant Industry and the Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, France. We thank Debra McDavid, Nicole Kempster, Karina Swann, Pascale Coste and Marie-Christine Piron for excellent technical assistance, and Nathalie Choisne, Clemence Bruyere and Cecile Guichard for help with gene annotation. CSIRO is part of the Wine Innovation Cluster. NR 61 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 76 IS 4 BP 661 EP 674 DI 10.1111/tpj.12327 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 241AF UT WOS:000326138100011 PM 24033846 ER PT J AU Mascher, M Muehlbauer, GJ Rokhsar, DS Chapman, J Schmutz, J Barry, K Munoz-Amatriain, M Close, TJ Wise, RP Schulman, AH Himmelbach, A Mayer, KFX Scholz, U Poland, JA Stein, N Waugh, R AF Mascher, Martin Muehlbauer, Gary J. Rokhsar, Daniel S. Chapman, Jarrod Schmutz, Jeremy Barry, Kerrie Munoz-Amatriain, Maria Close, Timothy J. Wise, Roger P. Schulman, Alan H. Himmelbach, Axel Mayer, Klaus F. X. Scholz, Uwe Poland, Jesse A. Stein, Nils Waugh, Robbie TI Anchoring and ordering NGS contig assemblies by population sequencing (POPSEQ) SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE next-generation sequencing; genome assembly; genetic mapping; barley; Hordeum vulgare; population sequencing; technical advance ID MAIZE GENOME; DRAFT GENOME; WHEAT; MAP; ASSOCIATION AB Next-generation whole-genome shotgun assemblies of complex genomes are highly useful, but fail to link nearby sequence contigs with each other or provide a linear order of contigs along individual chromosomes. Here, we introduce a strategy based on sequencing progeny of a segregating population that allows de novo production of a genetically anchored linear assembly of the gene space of an organism. We demonstrate the power of the approach by reconstructing the chromosomal organization of the gene space of barley, a large, complex and highly repetitive 5.1Gb genome. We evaluate the robustness of the new assembly by comparison to a recently released physical and genetic framework of the barley genome, and to various genetically ordered sequence-based genotypic datasets. The method is independent of the need for any prior sequence resources, and will enable rapid and cost-efficient establishment of powerful genomic information for many species. C1 [Mascher, Martin; Himmelbach, Axel; Scholz, Uwe; Stein, Nils] Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, D-06466 Seeland Ot Gatersleben, Germany. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.; Munoz-Amatriain, Maria] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rokhsar, Daniel S.; Chapman, Jarrod; Schmutz, Jeremy; Barry, Kerrie] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Rokhsar, Daniel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy] HudsonAlpha Inst Biotechnol, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Close, Timothy J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schulman, Alan H.] Univ Helsinki, Inst Biotechnol, MTT Agrifood Res, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Mayer, Klaus F. X.] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich Informat Ctr Prot Sequences, Inst Bioinformat & Syst Biol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Poland, Jesse A.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 65506 USA. [Poland, Jesse A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 65506 USA. [Waugh, Robbie] Univ Dundee, James Hutton Inst, Div Plant Sci, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. RP Stein, N (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, D-06466 Seeland Ot Gatersleben, Germany. EM stein@ipk-gatersleben.de; robbie.waugh@hutton.ac.uk RI Schulman, Alan/A-9322-2011; Mayer, Klaus/M-7941-2015; OI Schulman, Alan/0000-0002-4126-6177; Mayer, Klaus/0000-0001-6484-1077; Scholz, Uwe/0000-0001-6113-3518; Poland, Jesse/0000-0002-7856-1399 FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project, US Department of Agriculture/National Institute for Food and Agriculture [2011-68002-30029]; Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division Research Programme; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung [TRI-TEX 0315954] FX The work performed by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support given by funds received from the Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project, US Department of Agriculture/National Institute for Food and Agriculture grant number 2011-68002-30029 to G.J.M. and T.J.C., the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division Research Programme to R. W., and the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (TRI-TEX 0315954) to N.S. and U.S. We thank Sarah Ayling (The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich, UK) for helpful discussions about simulating read coverage. Finally, we acknowledge S. Taudien and M. Platzer (Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany), for providing a paired-end library of cv. Morex for HiSeq 2000 sequencing, and D. Stengel for sequence data submission. NR 29 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 76 IS 4 BP 718 EP 727 DI 10.1111/tpj.12319 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 241AF UT WOS:000326138100016 PM 23998490 ER PT J AU Reddy, SK Weng, YQ Rudd, JC Akhunova, A Liu, SY AF Reddy, Srirama Krishna Weng, Yiqun Rudd, Jackie C. Akhunova, Alina Liu, Shuyu TI Transcriptomics of induced defense responses to greenbug aphid feeding in near isogenic wheat lines SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aphid resistance; Greenbug; Jasmonic acid; Microarray; Transcriptomics; Wheat ID RESISTANCE GENE GB3; PLANT DEFENSE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; ARABIDOPSIS DEFENSE; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; INSECT HERBIVORES; HOST-RESISTANCE; JASMONIC ACID; PROBE LEVEL AB The greenbug aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) is an important cereal pest, periodically threatening wheat yields in the United States and around the world. The single dominant gene, Gb3-based resistance is highly durable against prevailing greenbug biotypes under field conditions: however, the molecular mechanisms of Gb3-mediated defense responses remain unknown. We used Affymetrix GeneChip Wheat Genome Arrays to investigate the transcriptomics of host defense responses upon greenbug feeding on resistant and susceptible bulks (RB and SB, respectively) derived from two near-isogenic lines. The study identified 692 differentially expressed transcripts and further functional classification recognized 122 transcripts that are putatively associated to mediate biotic stress responses. In RB, Gb3-mediated resistance resulted in activation of transmembrane receptor kinases and signaling-related transcripts involved in early signal transduction cascades. While in SB, transcripts mediating final steps in jasmonic add biosynthesis, redox homeostasis, peroxidases, glutathione S-transferases, and notable defense-related secondary metabolites were induced. Also transcripts involved in callose and cell wall decomposition were elevated SB, plausibly to facilitate uninterrupted feeding operations. These results suggest that Gb3-mediated resistance is less vulnerable to cell wall modification and the data provides ample tools for further investigations concerning R gene based model of resistance. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reddy, Srirama Krishna; Weng, Yiqun; Rudd, Jackie C.; Liu, Shuyu] Texas A&M Univ, Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX USA. [Akhunova, Alina] Kansas State Univ, Integrated Genom Facil, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Weng, YQ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM skrishnareddy@ag.tamu.edu; weng4@wisc.edu; JCRudd@ag.tamu.edu; Akhunova@k-state.edu; SLiu@ag.tamu.edu FU Texas A&M AgriLife Research; Texas Wheat Producers Board; USDA-NRI (CSREES) [2006-35301-16892] FX Authors acknowledge Drs. Jerry Michels and Scott Finlayson of Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Dr. Paxton Payton of USDA-ARS, Lubbock for their critical reading and valuable inputs. The authors also thank Dr. Jianfa Bai of College of Veterinary Medicine and Nanyan Lu of Bioinformatics Center at Kansas State University for helpful discussion in experimental design and array data acquisition and Mandar Deshpande of K-State Integrated Genomics Facility for technical assistance. The funding for this research was contributed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Texas Wheat Producers Board to S.L. and USDA-NRI grant (CSREES#2006-35301-16892) to Y.W. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 212 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.08.002 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 240YL UT WOS:000326133500004 PM 24094051 ER PT J AU Ren, L Zhang, D Jiang, XN Gai, Y Wang, WM Reed, BM Shen, XH AF Ren, Li Zhang, Di Jiang, Xiang-Ning Gai, Ying Wang, Wei-Ming Reed, Barbara M. Shen, Xiao-Hui TI Peroxidation due to cryoprotectant treatment is a vital factor for cell survival in Arabidopsis cryopreservation SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cryopreservation; Arabidopsis thaliana; cDNA-AFLP; Oxidative stress; Peroxidation ID SHOOT-TIPS; GENE-EXPRESSION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DEATH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TOLERANCE; DROUGHT; VITRIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIA; ANTIOXIDANTS AB Cryopreservation can be a safe and cost-effective tool for the long-term storage of plant germplasm. In Arabidopsis, the ability to recover from cryogenic treatment was lost as growth progressed. Growth could be restored in 48-h seedlings, whereas 72-h seedlings died after cryogenic treatment. Why seedling age and survival are negatively correlated is an interesting issue. A comparative transcriptomics was performed to screen differentially expressed genes between 48- and 72-h seedlings after exposure to cryoprotectant. Among differentially expressed genes, oxidative stress response genes played important roles in cryoprotectant treatment, and peroxidation was a key factor related to cell survival. Seedlings underwent more peroxidation at 72-h than at 48-h. A comprehensive analysis indicated that peroxidation injured membrane systems leading to photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation damage. Furthermore, the apoptosis-like events were found in cryogenic treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings. 48- and 72-h seedlings underwent different degrees of membrane lipid peroxidation during cryoprotectant treatment, and reducing the injury of oxidative stress was an important factor to successful cryopreservation. This study provided a novel insight of genetic regulatory mechanisms in cryopreservation, and established an excellent model to test and evaluate the effect of exogenous antioxidants and conventional cryoprotectants in plant cryopreservation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ren, Li; Zhang, Di; Shen, Xiao-Hui] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Minist Agr, Sch Agr & Biol, Key Lab Urban Agr South, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Xiang-Ning; Gai, Ying] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Biol Sci & Biotechnol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Wei-Ming] ARBORGEN, Summerville, SC USA. [Reed, Barbara M.] USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Shen, XH (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Minist Agr, Sch Agr & Biol, Key Lab Urban Agr South, 800 Rd Dong Chuan, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM renliaqx@gmail.com; zhangdi2010@gmail.com; jiangxn@gmail.com; gaiying1981@yahoo.com.cn; wei_ming_wang@hotmail.com; Barbara.Reed@ars.usda.gov; shenxh62@sjtu.edu.cn OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 FU National Natural Science Funding of China [31170655]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2012M510849] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Funding of China (No. 31170655), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2012M510849). The authors thank Prof. Hong-Quan Yang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China) for experimental materials, and Prof. Run Cai (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China) for providing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis facilities. NR 65 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 212 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.07.011 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 240YL UT WOS:000326133500005 PM 24094052 ER PT J AU Mir, C Zerjal, T Combes, V Dumas, F Madur, D Bedoya, C Dreisigacker, S Franco, J Grudloyma, P Hao, PX Hearne, S Jampatong, C Laloe, D Muthamia, Z Nguyen, T Prasanna, BM Taba, S Xie, CX Yunus, M Zhang, S Warburton, ML Charcosset, A AF Mir, C. Zerjal, T. Combes, V. Dumas, F. Madur, D. Bedoya, C. Dreisigacker, S. Franco, J. Grudloyma, P. Hao, P. X. Hearne, S. Jampatong, C. Laloe, D. Muthamia, Z. Nguyen, T. Prasanna, B. M. Taba, S. Xie, C. X. Yunus, M. Zhang, S. Warburton, M. L. Charcosset, A. TI Out of America: tracing the genetic footprints of the global diffusion of maize SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC NETWORKS; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DNA MICROSATELLITES; INBRED LINES; DIVERSITY; EUROPE; EVOLUTIONARY; LANDRACES; INFERENCE AB Maize was first domesticated in a restricted valley in south-central Mexico. It was diffused throughout the Americas over thousands of years, and following the discovery of the New World by Columbus, was introduced into Europe. Trade and colonization introduced it further into all parts of the world to which it could adapt. Repeated introductions, local selection and adaptation, a highly diverse gene pool and outcrossing nature, and global trade in maize led to difficulty understanding exactly where the diversity of many of the local maize landraces originated. This is particularly true in Africa and Asia, where historical accounts are scarce or contradictory. Knowledge of post-domestication movements of maize around the world would assist in germplasm conservation and plant breeding efforts. To this end, we used SSR markers to genotype multiple individuals from hundreds of representative landraces from around the world. Applying a multidisciplinary approach combining genetic, linguistic, and historical data, we reconstructed possible patterns of maize diffusion throughout the world from American "contribution" centers, which we propose reflect the origins of maize worldwide. These results shed new light on introductions of maize into Africa and Asia. By providing a first globally comprehensive genetic characterization of landraces using markers appropriate to this evolutionary time frame, we explore the post-domestication evolutionary history of maize and highlight original diversity sources that may be tapped for plant improvement in different regions of the world. C1 [Mir, C.; Combes, V.; Dumas, F.; Madur, D.; Charcosset, A.] Univ Paris 11, Unite Mixte Rech Genet Vegetale, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Natl Rech Sci INRA,AgroParisTech, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Zerjal, T.; Laloe, D.] AgroParisTech, UMR Genet Anim & Biol Integrat INRA 1313, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. [Bedoya, C.; Dreisigacker, S.; Hearne, S.; Taba, S.] CIMMYT, Appl Biotechnol Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Franco, J.] Estn Expt EEMAC, Fac Agron Estadist & Computac, Dept Biometria, Paysandu 60000, Uruguay. [Grudloyma, P.] Nakhon Sawan Field Crops Res Ctr, Dept Agr, Tak Fa 60190, Nakhon Sawan, Thailand. [Hao, P. X.; Nguyen, T.] Natl Maize Res Inst, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Jampatong, C.] Kasetsart Univ, Natl Corn & Sorghum Res Ctr, Pak Chong 30320, Nakhon Ratchasi, Thailand. [Muthamia, Z.] Kenya Agr Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Prasanna, B. M.] Indian Agr Res Inst, New Delhi 110012, India. [Prasanna, B. M.] CIMMYT, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Xie, C. X.; Zhang, S.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Yunus, M.] Indonesian Dept Agr, Bogor, Indonesia. [Warburton, M. L.] Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Corn Host Plant Res Resistance Unit, Oktibbeha, MS 39762 USA. RP Warburton, ML (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Corn Host Plant Res Resistance Unit, Box 9555, Oktibbeha, MS 39762 USA. EM Marilyn.warburton@ars.usda.gov FU Generation Challenge Program [3005.14] FX This work was supported by the Generation Challenge Program (grant 3005.14). We thank Drs. N. Lauter, M. Sawkins, M. Chastanet and C. Welcker for comments on manuscript; and the Banco Portugues de Germoplasma Vegetal for providing Portuguese material. Genetic dataset from this study is available on the Generation Challenge Program Central Registry website, at http://www.generationcp.org/gcp_ central_ registry. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 73 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 126 IS 11 BP 2671 EP 2682 DI 10.1007/s00122-013-2164-z PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 240TK UT WOS:000326119700001 PM 23921956 ER PT J AU Pearce, S Zhu, J Boldizsar, A Vagujfalvi, A Burke, A Garland-Campbell, K Galiba, G Dubcovsky, J AF Pearce, Stephen Zhu, Jie Boldizsar, Akos Vagujfalvi, Attila Burke, Adrienne Garland-Campbell, Kimberley Galiba, Gabor Dubcovsky, Jorge TI Large deletions in the CBF gene cluster at the Fr-B2 locus are associated with reduced frost tolerance in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; COLD RESPONSE PATHWAY; WILD EMMER WHEAT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; TRITICUM-MONOCOCCUM; CHROMOSOME 5A; ARABIDOPSIS; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION AB Wheat plants which are exposed to periods of low temperatures (cold acclimation) exhibit increased survival rates when they are subsequently exposed to freezing temperatures. This process is associated with large-scale changes in the transcriptome which are modulated by a set of tandemly duplicated C-repeat Binding Factor (CBF) transcription factors located at the Frost Resistance-2 (Fr-2) locus. While Arabidopsis has three tandemly duplicated CBF genes, the CBF family in wheat has undergone an expansion and at least 15 CBF genes have been identified, 11 of which are present at the Fr-2 loci on homeologous group 5 chromosomes. We report here the discovery of three large deletions which eliminate 6, 9, and all 11 CBF genes from the Fr-B2 locus in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. In wild emmer wheat, the Fr-B2 deletions were found only among the accessions from the southern sub-populations. Among cultivated wheats, the Fr-B2 deletions were more common among varieties with a spring growth habit than among those with a winter growth habit. Replicated freezing tolerance experiments showed that both the deletion of nine CBF genes in tetraploid wheat and the complete Fr-B2 deletion in hexaploid wheat were associated with significant reductions in survival after exposure to freezing temperatures. Our results suggest that selection for the wild-type Fr-B2 allele may be beneficial for breeders selecting for varieties with improved frost tolerance. C1 [Pearce, Stephen; Dubcovsky, Jorge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhu, Jie; Burke, Adrienne; Garland-Campbell, Kimberley] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Boldizsar, Akos; Vagujfalvi, Attila; Galiba, Gabor] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Agr, Agr Res Ctr, H-2462 Martonvasar, Hungary. [Galiba, Gabor] Univ Pannonia, Fac Informat Technol, Doctoral Sch Mol & Nanotechnol, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary. [Dubcovsky, Jorge] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Dubcovsky, Jorge] Gordon & Betty Moore Fdn, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Galiba, Gabor/0000-0001-7504-935X; Boldizsar, Akos/0000-0002-0729-9944 FU National Research Initiative [2008-35100-04562, 2011-68002-30029]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Hungarian Research Fund 'OTKA' [K75528, CNK80781]; National Development Agency (University of Pannonia) [TAMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0025] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative grants number 2008-35100-04562 and 2011-68002-30029 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Dr. Gabor Galiba's group acknowledges support from the Hungarian Research Fund 'OTKA' No K75528 and CNK80781 and from the National Development Agency (TAMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0025, University of Pannonia). NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 126 IS 11 BP 2683 EP 2697 DI 10.1007/s00122-013-2165-y PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 240TK UT WOS:000326119700002 PM 23884601 ER PT J AU Kandianis, CB Stevens, R Liu, WP Palacios, N Montgomery, K Pixley, K White, WS Rocheford, T AF Kandianis, Catherine B. Stevens, Robyn Liu, Weiping Palacios, Natalia Montgomery, Kevin Pixley, Kevin White, Wendy S. Rocheford, Torbert TI Genetic architecture controlling variation in grain carotenoid composition and concentrations in two maize populations SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; TRANS BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; MULTIPLE LOCI; IN-VITRO; Y1 GENE; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS AB Genetic control of maize grain carotenoid profiles is coordinated through several loci distributed throughout three secondary metabolic pathways, most of which exhibit additive, and more importantly, pleiotropic effects. The genetic basis for the variation in maize grain carotenoid concentrations was investigated in two F-2:3 populations, DEexp x CI7 and A619 x SC55, derived from high total carotenoid and high beta-carotene inbred lines. A comparison of grain carotenoid concentrations from population DEexp x CI7 grown in different environments revealed significantly higher concentrations and greater trait variation in samples harvested from a subtropical environment relative to those from a temperate environment. Genotype by environment interactions was significant for most carotenoid traits. Using phenotypic data in additive, environment-specific genetic models, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for absolute and derived carotenoid traits in each population, including those specific to the isomerization of beta-carotene. A multivariate approach for these correlated traits was taken, using carotenoid trait principal components (PCs) that jointly accounted for 97 % or more of trait variation. Component loadings for carotenoid PCs were interpreted in the context of known substrate-product relationships within the carotenoid pathway. Importantly, QTL for univariate and multivariate traits were found to cluster in close proximity to map locations of loci involved in methyl-erythritol, isoprenoid and carotenoid metabolism. Several of these genes, including lycopene epsilon cyclase, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase1 and beta-carotene hydroxylase, were mapped in the segregating populations. These loci exhibited pleiotropic effects on alpha-branch carotenoids, total carotenoid profile and beta-branch carotenoids, respectively. Our results confirm that several QTL are involved in the modification of carotenoid profiles, and suggest genetic targets that could be used for the improvement of total carotenoid and beta-carotene in future breeding populations. C1 [Kandianis, Catherine B.; Stevens, Robyn; Montgomery, Kevin] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kandianis, Catherine B.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Stevens, Robyn] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Liu, Weiping; White, Wendy S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Palacios, Natalia; Pixley, Kevin] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Montgomery, Kevin] Montgomery Consulting, Maroa, IL 61756 USA. [Rocheford, Torbert] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kandianis, CB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ceb19@cornell.edu; trochefo@purdue.edu FU HarvestPlus; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI-0922493]; Patterson Chair Endowment FX We thank DuPont Pioneer for in-kind genotyping, Robert Meeley of DuPont Pioneer for additional A619 and SC55 sequence data, and Don McCarty for sequence information relative to CCD1/wc1. We also thank Ines Carvalho and Patricia Bermudez for their assistance in data assembly and quality control, Jerry Chandler and Don Roberts for their excellent field support, and Michael Grusak and G. R. Johnson for critical review of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by HarvestPlus, National Science Foundation (NSF) DBI-0922493 and Patterson Chair Endowment to T.R. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 126 IS 11 BP 2879 EP 2895 DI 10.1007/s00122-013-2179-5 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 240TK UT WOS:000326119700015 PM 24042570 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Yoshizawa, T Shier, WT AF Abbas, Hamed K. Yoshizawa, Takumi Shier, W. Thomas TI Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity of trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Bioherbicide; Phytotoxicity; Cytotoxicity; Trichothecenes; Vomitoxin; Fusarium spp. ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TOXICITY; TOXINS; FUNGI; GRAMINEARUM; MANAGEMENT; BIOASSAY; GROWTH; ASSAY; AAL AB Trichothecenes, a major class of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Stachybotrys species, are toxic to both plants and mammals. Simple trichothecenes, including type A (e.g., T-2 toxin) and type B (e.g., deoxynivalenol), are generally less toxic than macrocyclic trichothecenes. We sought to determine if simple trichothecenes are a potential source of candidates for development as bioherbicides, which require high phytotoxicity and low mammalian toxicity. We examined 28 simple trichothecenes in vitro for phytotoxicity using a small aquatic plant, Lemna pausicostata, and for mammalian toxicity using four cultured mammalian cell lines. Several structure-activity relationships were identified, including the following two, which may be relevant to bioherbicide development: peracetylation of type B trichothecenes and de-epoxidation of type A trichothecenes both substantially reduced mammalian toxicity with little effect on phytotoxicity. It was concluded that simple trichothecenes possessing strong phytotoxicity and minimal mammalian toxicity in vitro can be identified. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abbas, Hamed K.] ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Yoshizawa, Takumi] Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Shier, W. Thomas] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM hamed.abbas@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD NOV PY 2013 VL 74 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.026 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 239EM UT WOS:000326005400008 PM 23933195 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G AF Biresaw, Girma TI Response to Scott Bair's Comments on "Pressure Viscosity Coefficient of Vegetable Oils" by Biresaw and Bantchev in Tribology Letters 49(3):501-512 SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, Biooils Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM girma.biresaw@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 EI 1573-2711 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 BP 355 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s11249-013-0235-6 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 240FZ UT WOS:000326081700017 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Locke, MA AF Moore, M. T. Locke, M. A. TI Effect of Storage Method and Associated Holding Time on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations in Surface Water Samples SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nutrients; Water quality; Freezing; Refrigeration; Ambient temperature ID NUTRIENTS; PRESERVATION AB Assessments were conducted to determine the effect of sample storage method and associated holding time on surface water nutrient concentrations from field sites. Six surface water sites and two nutrient spiked, laboratory water samples were evaluated for nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, filtered orthophosphorus, and total orthophosphorus concentrations on four separate days throughout the period of 1 year. Samples stored at ambient temperature (23A degrees C) for 24 h prior to nutrient analyses resulted in 18 % +/- A 2 % of results being significantly different from controls (which were analyzed immediately upon collection). Samples placed in the cooler (4A degrees C) for 7 days prior to nutrient analyses resulted in 30 % +/- A 1 % of values being significantly different from controls. Samples placed in the freezer (-20A degrees C) for 7 days prior to analyses resulted in 34 % +/- A 12 %, 44 % +/- A 10 %, and 28 % +/- A 5.7 % of ammonium, filtered orthophosphate, and total orthophosphate, respectively, values being significantly different from controls. This study highlights the challenges facing researchers in efficient collection, storage and nutrient analysis of samples, especially when sites are remote and difficult to access . C1 [Moore, M. T.; Locke, M. A.] ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM matt.moore@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 5 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1007/s00128-013-1084-6 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 235FJ UT WOS:000325701700002 PM 24026237 ER PT J AU Klosterman, ME Linz, GM Slowik, AA Homan, HJ AF Klosterman, Megan E. Linz, George M. Slowik, Anthony A. Homan, H. Jeffrey TI Comparisons between blackbird damage to corn and sunflower in North Dakota SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Blackbirds; Corn; Prairie Pothole Region; North Dakota; Sunflower ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS AB For sunflower producers in North Dakota, blackbird (Icterinae) damage is a chronic problem costing millions of dollars annually. Sunflower damage surveys were last completed in the state in 1979-1980. Since the last surveys, corn plantings have increased 6-fold to 1500 x 10(3) ha, whereas sunflower hectarage has declined by >75% to 310 x 10(3) ha. Blackbirds forage on both crops, and this rapid change in North Dakota's agricultural landscape was a sound inducement for reassessing crop damage. Field surveys are an important step in damage methods development because they are used for measuring efficacy, as well as assessing historical changes in the quality and quantity of damage. During 2009-2010, we conducted damage surveys on corn and sunflower. We surveyed 120 randomly selected 3.2 x 3.2-km plots in North Dakota's Prairie Pothole Region. This region of numerous wetlands has historically produced the majority of the state's sunflower crop, in addition to harboring a blackbird population of 25 million birds. Over the 2-year study, we measured damage in 68 cornfields and 27 sunflower fields. Annual damage averaged 5.0 x 10(3) t (12 kg/ha, US $1.3 million) for corn and 7.2 x 10(3) t (45 kg/ha, US $3.5 million) for sunflower. Percentage damage was significantly greater in sunflower ((x) over bar = 2.7%) than corn ((x) over bar = 0.2%). The lower per-unit cost of producing corn makes it a potential lure crop for managing blackbird damage to sunflower. However, the two crops should be phenologically synchronized because corn matures earlier than sunflower and becomes less attractive to blackbirds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Klosterman, Megan E.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Linz, George M.; Slowik, Anthony A.; Homan, H. Jeffrey] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Homan, HJ (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2110 Miriam Circle,Suite B, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM jeffrey.h.homan@aphis.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC); Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University (NDSU); NWRC FX We thank W. Bleier and G. Clambey for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. We also thank M. Biondini and C. Doetkott for statistical guidance. J. Schanandore, D. Stonefish, J. Monson, and M. Strassburg assisted with data collection. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) and the Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University (NDSU). The research was conducted under the auspices of NWRC Study Protocol QA-1565. G. Linz served as study director. Safety guidelines were reviewed and approved by the NWRC and NDSU. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 53 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2013.06.004 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 234VB UT WOS:000325671300001 ER PT J AU Culbreath, AK Tubbs, RS Tillman, BL Beasley, JP Branch, WD Holbrook, CC Smith, AR Smith, NB AF Culbreath, A. K. Tubbs, R. S. Tillman, B. L. Beasley, J. P., Jr. Branch, W. D. Holbrook, C. C. Smith, A. R. Smith, N. B. TI Effects of seeding rate and cultivar on tomato spotted wilt of peanut SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Field resistance; Integrated disease management ID ROW PATTERN; REGISTRATION; MANAGEMENT; DISEASE; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Tomato spotted wilt, caused by thrips-vectored Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), is a very serious problem in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) production in the southeastern U.S. Establishment of within row plant densities of 13 or more plants/m of row of moderately resistant cultivars is recommended as part of an integrated management system for minimizing losses to spotted wilt. To achieve that plant density, growers often plant 19 or more seed/m of row. Seed costs represent a major expense for peanut producers. Reducing costs by using lower seeding rates would be desirable if it could be done without increasing risk of losses to tomato spotted wilt. Field experiments were conducted in Tifton, Georgia in 2008 and 2009 to determine whether new cultivars with improved field resistance to TSWV can allow use of lower seeding rates without increasing risk of losses to tomato spotted wilt. In each year, peanut cultivars, Georgia Green, Georgia-06G, Florida-07, and Tifguard were combined factorially with four seeding rates, 9.8, 13.1, 16.4, and 19.7 seed/m of row. Across the two years, final incidence of tomato spotted wilt and standardized area under the disease progress curve for tomato spotted wilt epidemics decreased linearly with increasing seeding rate for all cultivars. Across the two years, final incidence of tomato spotted wilt at 9.8 seed/m of row seeding rate was 55% for Georgia Green and 17% for the mean of the other three cultivars. For Georgia Green, incidence of tomato spotted wilt decreased 1.9% with each seed/m increase in seeding rate, whereas the incremental decrease was 0.8% for the mean of the other three cultivars. These results indicate that levels of field resistance to TSWV in several new cultivars are adequate to allow use of lower seeding rates than with the moderately resistant cultivar Georgia Green without increasing the risk of losses to spotted wilt. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Culbreath, A. K.] Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Tubbs, R. S.; Beasley, J. P., Jr.; Branch, W. D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Tillman, B. L.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, North Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. [Holbrook, C. C.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Smith, A. R.; Smith, N. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Culbreath, AK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, 2360 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM spotwilt@uga.edu FU Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Peanuts; National Peanut Board FX The authors thank Michael Heath, Sam Holbrook, Ron Hooks, John Paulk, Jonathan Roberts, and Matthew Wiggins for their assistance. This research was supported in part by the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Peanuts and the National Peanut Board. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 53 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2013.07.001 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 234VB UT WOS:000325671300017 ER PT J AU Sullivan, LS Young, FL Smiley, RW Alldredge, JR AF Sullivan, L. S. Young, F. L. Smiley, R. W. Alldredge, J. R. TI Weed and disease incidence in no-till facultative wheat in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Chemical fallow; Reduced-tillage summer fallow; No-till; Low precipitation ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; WINTER-WHEAT; SOILBORNE PATHOGENS; ROOT DISEASES; REGION; MANAGEMENT; BARLEY; NEMATODES; ECONOMICS; CROPS AB Weeds and diseases are major problems in the tillage-based winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)/summer fallow (WW/SF) cropping system of the low precipitation zone (<= 300 mm) of the Pacific Northwest. Computer models have estimated that no-till spring crops may reduce soil erosion susceptibility by 95%. However, these annual cropping systems were not economically viable alternatives to the WW/SF rotation. Late-planted WW, also examined as an alternative, was similarly not viable with 35% lower grain yields than WW planted at the normal seeding date for the area. In 2002, two facultative wheat (FW) rotations were incorporated into a long-term, multidisciplinary field study to compare weed and disease incidence with a WW/reduced tillage summer fallow (WW/RSF) system for 4 years. Facultative wheat, not synonymous with late-planted WW, is often derived from SW by WW crosses and exhibits strong photosensitivity and partial sensitivity to vernalization. The two FW systems compared with WW/RSF were no-till FW/no-till spring wheat (FW/SW) and no-till FW/chemical fallow (FW/ChF). Facultative wheat was planted in early-November compared to WW planted in early-September and SW in the following March. Although 16 weed species were present during the study, Bromus tectorum and Salsola tragus were the most pervasive weeds and were found at the highest densities in FW following SW (FW(sw)). Populations of B. tectorum were often 90% higher in FW(sw) than in either WW or FW following ChF. The FW/ChF, WW/RSF, and SW following FW had similarly low weed populations when averaged over 4 years. Facultative wheat had less root disease than WW throughout the study. Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) was severe in SW in 2005, but did not affect either FW. Based on the low weed and disease incidence coupled with the no-till planting of FW, the FW/ChF system showed promise as an alternative sustainable system to WW/SF. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sullivan, L. S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Young, F. L.] Washington State Univ, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Smiley, R. W.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Alldredge, J. R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sullivan, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, POB 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM laylah.sullivan@email.wsu.edu; youngfl@wsu.edu; richard.smiley@oregonstate.edu; alldredg@wsu.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 53 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2013.06.013 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 234VB UT WOS:000325671300019 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS AF Hesler, Louis S. TI Resistance to soybean aphid among wild soybean lines under controlled conditions SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Aphis glycines; Glycines soja; Host-plant resistance; Choice assays; No-choice assays ID HEMIPTERA APHIDIDAE; PEST-MANAGEMENT; GLYCINES; DIVERSITY; VIRUSES; FIELD; DOMESTICATION; ANTIXENOSIS; NUCLEOTIDE; PROSPECTS AB The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is frequently a serious pest of soybean in the U.S. and Canada, and an occasional pest of soybean throughout its native range in Asia. Large infestations of this aphid cause economic loss to soybean by reductions in seed yield and oil concentration. Host-plant resistance is a potential alternative to insecticides for managing soybean aphid, and various sources may be evaluated, including adapted cultivars, landraces, and wild ancestors of the crop. To date, few studies have evaluated wild soybean for resistance to soybean aphid. In this study, initial screening assays indicated 20 wild soybean lines with resistance to soybean aphid, and three of the 20 lines had notable resistance in subsequent choice and no-choice assays. Significantly fewer soybean aphids settled on lines PI 468397 A and PI 479749 than on susceptible lines in choice assays, and aphid populations were low and moderately low on these two respective lines in no-choice assays. Populations of soybean aphid on a third line, PI 549046, were equal to or less than those on a resistant check over 3 wks in a no-choice assay. Based on results of the respective choice and no-choice assays, resistance to soybean aphid was manifested as both antixenosis and antibiosis in PI 468397 A and PI 479749, and as antibiosis in PI 549046. This is apparently the first report of resistance to soybean aphid in these three lines, and they provide soybean breeders and pest management practitioners new sources for developing aphid-resistant soybean lines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, North Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), ARS, North Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM louis.hesler@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS Project [5447-21220-005-0011]; United States Government FX Eric Beckendorf, Phil Rozeboom, Ryan Ackman, Mallory Wentzel and Megan Wentzel provided technical assistance. Mark West furnished statistical advice. Randy Nelson, Todd Bedford and other staff at The National Soybean Collection, USDA-ARS, supplied seed of plant introductions. Janet Fergen provided seeds of ivyleaf morning-glory. Eric Beckendorf, Phil Rozeboom, Xingyou Gu, Guo-Liang Jiang and Sharon Papiemik graciously reviewed drafts of this paper. Work in this article was funded by USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5447-21220-005-0011 The United States Government has the right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright of this article. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 53 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2013.06.016 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 234VB UT WOS:000325671300020 ER PT J AU Knight, A Basoalto, E Hilton, R Molinari, F Zoller, B Hansen, R Krawczyk, G Hull, L AF Knight, A. Basoalto, E. Hilton, R. Molinari, F. Zoller, B. Hansen, R. Krawczyk, G. Hull, L. TI Monitoring oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with the Ajar bait trap in orchards under mating disruption SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown sugar bait; Grapholita molesta; sex pheromone; terpinyl acetate ID MOLESTA BUSCK LEP.; CYDIA-MOLESTA; APPLE ORCHARDS; CODLING MOTH; PHEROMONE; VOLATILES; ATTRACTION; SYNERGISM; MALES AB Studies in Oregon, California, Pennsylvania and Italy evaluated the relative performance of the Ajar trap compared with several other traps for the capture of Grapholitamolesta (Busck), in pome and stone fruit orchards treated with sex pheromone dispensers for mating disruption. The Ajar is a delta-shaped trap with a screened jar filled with an aqueous terpinyl acetate plus brown sugar bait solution (TAS) that opens inside the trap and is surrounded by a sticky liner. The TAS-baited Ajar trap was evaluated with and without the addition of a sex pheromone lure and compared with a delta trap baited with a sex pheromone lure and a bucket trap filled with the TAS bait. Although the Ajar trap had a 90% lower evaporation of the TAS bait than the bucket trap, both of them caught similar numbers in the majority of the field tests of both sexes of G.molesta. The addition of the sex pheromone lure did not increase moth catches by the TAS-baited Ajar trap. The TAS-baited Ajar trap caught significantly greater numbers of moths than the sex pheromone-baited delta trap in 18 of the 20 orchards. Few hymenopterans were caught in orange TAS-baited Ajar traps, but the catch of flies and other moths relative to the target pest remained high. Flight tunnel and field tests evaluated the effect of several screen designs on the catches of G.molesta and non-target species. All exclusion devices significantly reduced the catch of larger moths. However, designs that did not reduce the catch of male G.molesta did not reduce the catch of muscid flies. Exclusion devices with openings <7.0mm significantly reduced the catch of female G.molesta. The addition of (E)--farnesene, (E)--ocimene or butyl hexanoate septa lures to TAS-baited Ajar traps significantly increased total moth catch. The addition of (E)--ocimene also significantly increased female moth catch. C1 [Knight, A.] USDA ARS, Wapato, WA USA. [Basoalto, E.; Hilton, R.] Oregon State Univ, Medford, OR USA. [Molinari, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy. [Zoller, B.] Pear Doctor Inc, Kelseyville, CA USA. [Hansen, R.] Hansen & Associates, Placerville, CA USA. [Krawczyk, G.; Hull, L.] Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA USA. RP Knight, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM alan.knight@ars.usda.gov RI Basoalto Venegas, Esteban/A-6384-2016 OI Basoalto Venegas, Esteban/0000-0003-2280-8978 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 EI 1439-0418 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 137 IS 9 BP 650 EP 660 DI 10.1111/jen.12061 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 239OB UT WOS:000326034000002 ER PT J AU Wu, SB Meyer, RS Whitaker, BD Litt, A Kennelly, EJ AF Wu, Shi-Biao Meyer, Rachel S. Whitaker, Bruce D. Litt, Amy Kennelly, Edward J. TI A new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based strategy to integrate chemistry, morphology, and evolution of eggplant (Solanum) species SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE LC-TOF-MS; Solanum; Eggplant; Phenolic compounds; Discriminate analysis; Multivariate statistics ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GLYCOALKALOIDS SOLASONINE; STEROIDAL GLYCOALKALOIDS; ACID-DERIVATIVES; FRUIT; TOMATO; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIOXIDANT; POTATO; WILD AB This study presents a strategy based on repeatable reversed-phase LC-TOF-MS methods and statistical tools, including untargeted PCA and targeted PLS/OPLS-DA models, to analyze 31 accessions representing 24 species in the eggplant genus Solanum (Solanaceae), including eight species whose metabolic profiles were studied for the first time. Sixty-two Solanum metabolites were identified after detailed analysis of UV absorbance spectra, mass spectral fragmentation patterns, NMR spectra, and/or co-injection experiments with authentic standards. Among these were two new 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid derivatives that were identified by analyzing their MS/MS fragmentation. Based on these results, a Solanum metabolic database (SMD) and a detailed biosynthetic pathway of Solanum metabolites were created. Results of analyses identified seven marker metabolites that distinguish four Solanum sections, and revealed species-specific chemical patterns. Combining LC-MS data with multivariate statistical analysis was proven effective in studying the metabolic network within the large genus Solanum, allowing for integration of complicated chemistry, morphology, and evolutionary relationships. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Shi-Biao; Kennelly, Edward J.] CUNY, Dept Biol Sci, Lehman Coll, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. [Wu, Shi-Biao; Kennelly, Edward J.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. [Meyer, Rachel S.] NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Meyer, Rachel S.; Litt, Amy] New York Bot Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Whitaker, Bruce D.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr West, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kennelly, EJ (reprint author), CUNY, Dept Biol Sci, Lehman Coll, 250 Bedford Pk Blvd West, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. EM Edward.kennelly@lehman.cuny.edu NR 48 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 1314 BP 154 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.017 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 237AT UT WOS:000325841300019 PM 24055226 ER PT J AU Hall, MB AF Hall, Mary Beth TI Dietary starch source and protein degradability in diets containing sucrose: Effects on ruminal measures and proposed mechanism for degradable protein effects SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fermentation; protein degradability; rumen; starch ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; GRAIN CONSERVATION METHOD; NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE; NITROGEN SOLUBILITY; STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; ACID CONCENTRATION; MICROBIAL PROTEIN; GAS-PRODUCTION; AMINO-ACIDS; LOW-QUALITY AB A feeding study was conducted to evaluate ruminal effects of starch source (STA) and rumen-degradable dietary protein (RDP) in diets with added sucrose. The experimental design was an incomplete Latin square with three 21-d periods, 8 ruminally cannulated lactating cows, and a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were STA (dry ground corn or high-moisture corn) as more slowly and more rapidly fermenting starch sources, respectively, and relative amount of RDP (+RDP: added protein from soybean meal; -RDP: heat-treated expeller soybean product partially substituted for soybean meal). Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and similar in starch and neutral detergent fiber concentrations. Dry matter (DM) intake was 1 kg greater with +RDP compared with RDP diets. For ruminal digesta measures made 2 h postfeeding, weight of digesta DM was unaffected by treatment; total kilograms of wet digesta and kilograms of liquid tended to be greater with +RDP than with -RDP, and no effect was observed of STA x RDP. Digesta DM percentage was greater with -RDP than with +RDP. At 2 h postfeeding, ruminal pool sizes (mol) of lactate and total AA were larger and those of total organic acids (OA) and ammonia tended to be larger with +RDP than with -RDP; no effects of STA or STA x RDP were detected. Rumen-degradable protein effects on lactate and OA pool sizes may be due to a protein-mediated increase in fermentation rate of carbohydrate. Organic acid concentrations at 2 h postfeeding did not show the same response pattern or significance as the pool size data; high-moisture corn tended to be greater than dry ground corn and no effect was observed for RDP or STA x RDP. Concentration and pool size for OA were more weakly correlated [coefficient of determination (R-2) = 0.66] than was the case for other ruminal analytes (R-2 >0.80). Organic acid pool size and kilograms of digesta liquid were strongly correlated (R-2 = 0.79), whereas concentration and kilograms of liquid were much less so (R-2 = 0.21). The correlation of OA moles with kilograms of liquid likely relates to the homeostatic mechanism of water flux across the rumen wall to reduce the osmotic gradient with blood as intraruminal moles of solute change. This action compresses the range of ruminal OA concentrations. With kilograms of ruminal liquid differing across individual measurements, the ruminal OA concentration data are not on the equivalent basis required to be reliably useful for assessing the effect of treatments. Further evaluation of protein effects on carbohydrate fermentation and of methods that allow accurate comparison of treatments for their effect on ruminal OA production are warranted. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hall, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM marybeth.hall@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 96 IS 11 BP 7093 EP 7109 DI 10.3168/jds.2012-5663 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 234SO UT WOS:000325664800032 PM 24054288 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Nellis, SE Hoffman, PC Hall, MB Weimer, PJ Esser, NM Bertram, MG AF Coblentz, W. K. Nellis, S. E. Hoffman, P. C. Hall, M. B. Weimer, P. J. Esser, N. M. Bertram, M. G. TI Unique interrelationships between fiber composition, water-soluble carbohydrates, and in vitro gas production for fall-grown oat forages SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fiber composition; in vitro gas production; oat; water-soluble carbohydrate ID NUTRITIVE-VALUE; FERMENTATION; CULTIVARS; CELLULOSE AB Sixty samples of 'ForagePlus' oat were selected from a previous plot study for analysis of in vitro gas production (IVGP) on the basis of 2 factors: (1) high (n = 29) or low (n = 31) neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 62.7 +/- 2.61 and 45.1 +/- 3.91%, respectively); and (2) the range of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) within the high- and low-NDF groups. For the WSC selection factor, concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 13.4% (mean = 7.9 +/- 2.06%) and from 3.5 to 19.4% (mean = 9.7 +/- 4.57%) within high- and low-NDF forages, respectively. Our objectives were to assess the relationships between IVGP and various agronomic or nutritional characteristics for high- and low-NDF fall-oat forages. Cumulative IVGP was fitted to a single-pool nonlinear regression model: Y = MAX x (1 - e ([-K x (t - lag)])) where Y = cumulative gas produced (mL), MAX = maximum cumulative gas produced with infinite incubation time (mL), K = rate constant, t = incubation time (h), and lag = discrete lag time (h). Generally, cumulative IVGP after 12, 24, 36, or 48 h within high-NDF fall-oat forages was negatively correlated with NDF, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash, but positively correlated with WSC, nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC), and total digestible nutrients (TDN). For low-NDF fall-grown oat forages, IVGP was positively correlated with growth stage, canopy height, WSC, NFC, and TDN; negative correlations were observed with ash and crude protein (CP) but not generally with fiber components. These responses were also reflected in multiple regression analysis for high- and low-NDF forages. After 12, 24, or 36 h of incubation, cumulative IVGP within high-NDF fall-oat forages was explained by complex regression equations utilizing (lignin:NDF)(2), lignin:NDF, hemicellulose, lignin, and TDN2 as independent variables (R-2 >= 0.43). Within low-NDF fall-grown oat forages, cumulative IVGP at these incubation intervals was explained by positive linear relationships with NFC that also exhibited high coefficients of determination (R-2 >= 0.75). Gas production was accelerated at early incubation times within low-NDF forages, specifically in response to large pools of WSC that were most likely to be present as forages approached boot stage by late-fall. C1 [Coblentz, W. K.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Nellis, S. E.; Hoffman, P. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hall, M. B.; Weimer, P. J.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Esser, N. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Marshfield Agr Res Stn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Bertram, M. G.] Univ Wisconsin, Arlington Agr Res Stn, Arlington, WI 53911 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 96 IS 11 BP 7195 EP 7209 DI 10.3168/jds.2013-6889 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 234SO UT WOS:000325664800040 PM 24011950 ER PT J AU Wilcox, CS Schutz, MM Rostagno, MR Lay, DC Eicher, SD AF Wilcox, C. S. Schutz, M. M. Rostagno, M. R. Lay, D. C., Jr. Eicher, S. D. TI Repeated mixing and isolation: Measuring chronic, intermittent stress in Holstein calves SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacteria; cortisol; dairy calf; stress ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS; RESPONSES; CONSEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; TRANSPORT; CORTISOL; HEIFERS; IMPACT; MICE AB Objectives of this study were to determine the physiological effects of psychological stress applied to dairy calves and to test if molasses consumption could be used to validate that a stressed condition was achieved. Twenty male calves (3 wk old) received jugular catheters and were randomly assigned to control (CTR; n = 4 pens of 1 calf per pen) or social stress treatments (STR; n = 4 pens of 4 calves per pen). The STR treatment included 5 cycles of 24-h isolation followed by regrouping with unfamiliar animals for 48 h (over 15 d). An ACTH challenge (0.1 IU/kg of body weight) was used to determine adrenal fatigue. Peak and total cortisol concentrations were greater for STR calves until the ACTH challenge. After the ACTH challenge, CTR calf cortisol increased and STR calf cortisol continued to decrease, suggesting adrenal fatigue. The number of calves that became positive for fecal shedding of Salmonella after the acute stress of being moved and the number of calves that were positive after the move decreased with each move. Fifty-six percent of STR calves changed from negative to positive for shedding after the first move compared with 18.75% of STR calves remaining negative after the third move. Difference in fecal shedding of Enterobacteriaceae from samples taken before and after moving calves on d 6 was less than that on d 2, 3, and 5. Leukocyte counts were not different, but trends for day effects were detected for neutrophil and monocyte percentages. Molasses consumption was greater for STR calves on d 2 and 11, as was total consumption. Latency to lie after eating also increased as the study progressed; STR calves required more time to lie after eating on d 12 than on d 3, and latency to lie was greater for STR than CTR on d 4, 8, 12, and 14. The STR calves also stood more than the CTR calves in the 4-h afternoon period on d 4, 5, 7, and 14. However, during the 4-h morning observations on d 14 (ACTH challenge), CTR calves stood more than STR calves. This model induced chronic stress, as characterized by adrenal fatigue, which was confirmed by molasses consumption and behavior changes. Therefore, molasses consumption could be used to confirm social stress in experimental models. C1 [Wilcox, C. S.; Schutz, M. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rostagno, M. R.; Lay, D. C., Jr.; Eicher, S. D.] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47909 USA. RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47909 USA. EM Susan.Eicher@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 96 IS 11 BP 7223 EP 7233 DI 10.3168/jds.2013-6944 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 234SO UT WOS:000325664800042 PM 24054297 ER PT J AU Sankaran, M Augustine, DJ Ratnam, J AF Sankaran, Mahesh Augustine, David J. Ratnam, Jayashree TI Native ungulates of diverse body sizes collectively regulate long-term woody plant demography and structure of a semi-arid savanna SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Africa; browsing; dik-dik; elephant; mortality; plant-herbivore interactions; recruitment; shrub encroachment; top-down control ID AFRICAN SAVANNA; LARGE HERBIVORES; WOODLAND REGENERATION; GRASS COMPETITION; WESTERN ZIMBABWE; LYCAON-PICTUS; NATIONAL-PARK; TREE GROWTH; FIRE; ELEPHANTS AB Large mammalian herbivores are well recognized to play important roles in regulating woody cover and biomass in savannas, but the extent to which browsing ungulates are capable of regulating woody populations in the absence of other disturbances such as fire is unclear. Moreover, the degree to which browser effects on savannas operate through effects on woody plant recruitment vs. mortality has rarely been examined. We conducted a 10-year, replicated herbivore exclusion experiment in a semi-arid savanna in East Africa (mean annual rainfall=514mm), where fires have been actively suppressed for decades. Browsers dramatically influenced recruitment, growth and mortality of all size classes of woody vegetation. A decade of herbivore exclusion resulted in a sevenfold increase in recruitment, a 2.5-fold decrease in mortality and a threefold increase in woody biomass inside exclosures, while biomass outside exclosures remained relatively unchanged. At the plant community level, extensive browsing of seedlings by small-bodied ungulates suppressed woody recruitment in this semi-arid system, generating a browsing trap' comparable to the fire trap' reported for mesic systems. Browsing by large- and medium-bodied ungulates reduced both growth and survival of individuals in larger size classes. At the plant species level, browser impacts were variable. Although browsers negatively influenced recruitment of all species, they had little to no impact on the mortality of some dominant species, resulting in a long-term, browser-driven shift in woody species composition that was largely mediated via their differential effects on plant mortality rates rather than recruitment. Synthesis. Our results demonstrate unequivocally that, even in the absence of fire, native browsing ungulates can exert dramatic top-down' controls in semi-arid savannas, influencing all aspects of woody plant demography. Besides suppressing woody plant recruitment, browsers can also have substantial cumulative long-term impacts on growth and mortality rates of woody plants, including adults, which can differ between species in ways that fundamentally alter the structure and function of woody vegetation. In semi-arid rangelands, intact communities of native browsing ungulates thus provide a critical ecosystem service by regulating woody cover, and their removal (or extinction) from these systems can lead to rapid woody encroachment. C1 [Sankaran, Mahesh; Ratnam, Jayashree] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Sankaran, Mahesh] Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Augustine, David J.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Sankaran, M (reprint author), Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, GKVK Campus,Bellary Rd, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. EM mahesh@ncbs.res.in FU NERC [NE-E017436-1]; UKPopNet; Earth & Biosphere Institute (EBI), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, India; Ramalingaswamy Re-entry Fellowship, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India FX We thank J. Ekiru, F. Lomojo, Lokwye and Lokken for assistance in the field, the Office of the President of the Republic of Kenya for permission to conduct the research, and the Mpala Research Centre for logistical support. Funding for the work was provided by grants from NERC (NE-E017436-1) and UKPopNet to MS, and the Earth & Biosphere Institute (EBI), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK to JR. MS would also like to acknowledge the support provided by the National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, India and the Ramalingaswamy Re-entry Fellowship, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. We thank Vinatha Viswanathan for help with data processing, Jake Goheen and Adam Ford for discussions, and David Ward and an anonymous referee for critical comments. NR 64 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 13 U2 98 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1389 EP 1399 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12147 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 238XE UT WOS:000325984300003 ER PT J AU Barron-Gafford, GA Scott, RL Jenerette, GD Hamerlynck, EP Huxman, TE AF Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Scott, Russell L. Jenerette, G. Darrel Hamerlynck, Erik P. Huxman, Travis E. TI Landscape and environmental controls over leaf and ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes under woody plant expansion SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eddy covariance; landscape position; mesquite (Prosopis velutina); photosynthesis; plant-climate interactions; semi-arid; temperature optima; vegetation change; woody plant encroachment ID NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; BIOCHEMICALLY BASED MODEL; WARM-DESERT PHREATOPHYTE; SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; SEASONAL PATTERNS; NITROGEN POOLS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL TEXTURE; ENCROACHMENT AB Many regions of the globe are experiencing a simultaneous change in the dominant plant functional type and regional climatology. We explored how atmospheric temperature and precipitation control leaf- and ecosystem-scale carbon fluxes within a pair of semi-arid shrublands, one upland and one riparian, that have undergone woody plant expansion. Through a combination of leaf-level measurements on individual bunchgrasses and mesquites shrubs and ecosystem-scale monitoring using eddy covariance techniques, we sought to quantify rates of net carbon dioxide (CO2) flux, CO2 flux temperature sensitivity and the responsiveness of these parameters to seasonal rains and periods of soil dry-down. We found significant differences in physiological acclimation between the two plant functional types, in that the shrubs consistently conducted photosynthesis across a broader temperature range than co-occurring grasses during dry periods, yet maximum photosynthetic rates in grasses were twice that of mesquites during the wetter monsoon season. Landscape position modulated these temperature sensitivities, as the range of functional temperatures and maximum rates of photosynthesis were two to three times greater within the riparian shrubland in dry times. Also, it was unexpected that ecosystem-scale CO2 uptake within both shrublands would become most temperature sensitive within the monsoon, when mesquites and grasses had their broadest range of function. This is probably explained by the changing contributions of component photosynthetic fluxes, in that the more temperature sensitive grasses, which had higher maximal rates of photosynthesis, became a larger component of the ecosystem flux.Synthesis: Given projections of more variable precipitation and increased temperatures, it is important to understand differences in physiological activity between growth forms, as they are likely to drive patterns of ecosystem-scale CO2 flux. As access to stable subsurface water declines with decreased precipitation, these differential patterns of temperature sensitivity among growth forms, which are dependent on connectivity to groundwater, will only become more important in determining ecosystem carbon source/sink status. C1 [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scott, Russell L.; Hamerlynck, Erik P.] ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jenerette, G. Darrel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Environm Biol, Irvine, CA USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Biol Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Barron-Gafford, GA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, 845 N Pk Ave,Marshall 526, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gregbg@email.arizona.edu FU Philecology Foundation of Fort Worth, Texas; NSF-DEB [04189134, 0414977]; University of Arizona Water, Environmental and Energy Solutions program through the Technology and Research Initiative Fund; USDA-ARS; Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) Center under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation [EAR-9876800] FX This work was supported by Philecology Foundation of Fort Worth, Texas and NSF-DEB 04189134 and 0414977 to T. E. H. Additional support was provided by (1) the University of Arizona Water, Environmental and Energy Solutions program through the Technology and Research Initiative Fund, (2) the USDA-ARS, and (3) the Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) Center under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation, Agreement No. EAR-9876800. The authors thank J.L. Bronstein, D. L. Venable and R. L. Minor for providing insightful comments on the manuscript. We also thank R. Bryant for assistance with equipment maintenance, M. McClaran and M. Heitlinger who oversee research carried out within the Santa Rita Experimental Range, and the many undergraduate and graduate students who have collectively worked on these sites over the last decade. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1471 EP 1483 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12161 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 238XE UT WOS:000325984300011 ER PT J AU Manson, JS Cook, D Gardner, DR Irwin, RE AF Manson, Jessamyn S. Cook, Daniel Gardner, Dale R. Irwin, Rebecca E. TI Dose-dependent effects of nectar alkaloids in a montane plant-pollinator community SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bombus; bumblebee; Delphinium barbeyi; female plant fitness; pollinator preference; reproductive ecology; secondary metabolites; toxic nectar ID LARKSPUR DELPHINIUM SPP.; SECONDARY METABOLITES; ECOLOGICAL COSTS; FLORAL NECTAR; TOXIC NECTAR; RANUNCULACEAE; VISITORS; BEE; METHYLLYCACONITINE; REPRODUCTION AB Although secondary metabolites are prevalent in floral nectar, the ecological consequences for pollinators and pollination remain relatively unexplored. While often deterrent to pollinators at high concentrations, secondary metabolite concentrations in nectar tend to be much lower than secondary metabolite concentrations in leaves and flowers; yet, they may still affect the maintenance of pollination mutualisms.Delphinium barbeyi, a common montane herb, contains norditerpene alkaloids in its nectar but at concentrations that are substantially lower than those found in its leaves or flowers. By manipulating nectar alkaloid concentrations in the field and laboratory, we assessed the degree to which varying concentrations of alkaloids in nectar influenced pollinator behaviour and activity and plant reproduction. In the field, nectar alkaloids significantly reduced both the number of flower visits and the time spent per flower by free-flying bumblebee pollinators, but we only observed effects at alkaloid concentrations 50 times that of natural nectar. When we supplemented D.barbeyi nectar with alkaloids at concentrations almost 15 times that of natural nectar, we found no evidence for direct or pollinator-mediated indirect effects on female plant reproduction. In the laboratory, the direct consumptive effects of nectar alkaloids on bumblebee pollinators were also concentration dependent. Bumblebees exhibited reduced mobility and vigour but only at alkaloid concentrations more than 25 times higher than those found in natural nectar.Synthesis. We found that nectar alkaloids have dose-dependent effects on pollinator behaviour and activity. While concentrations of nectar alkaloids rivalling those found in leaves would negatively affect pollinator behaviour and pollination services, the natural concentrations of nectar alkaloids in D.barbeyi have no negative direct or pollinator-mediated indirect effects on plant reproduction. These results provide experimental insight into the dose-dependent ecological consequences of nectar secondary metabolites for pollinators and pollination, suggesting that low nectar alkaloid concentrations incurred no ecological costs for D.barbeyi. C1 [Manson, Jessamyn S.; Irwin, Rebecca E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Manson, Jessamyn S.; Irwin, Rebecca E.] Rocky Mt Biol Labs, Crested Butte, CO 81224 USA. [Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84333 USA. RP Manson, JS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM jessamyn.manson@ualberta.ca FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0841862] FX We thank L. diBiccari, B. Dair, W. Kunkel and A. Slominski for help in the field, Biobest for providing Bombus impatiens for initial laboratory studies and J. Andicoechea, J. Benning, A. Carper, L. Richardson and R. Schaeffer for providing valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0841862). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 9 U2 79 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1604 EP 1612 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12144 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 238XE UT WOS:000325984300024 ER PT J AU Uchendu, EE Shukla, MR Reed, BM Saxena, PK AF Uchendu, Esther E. Shukla, Mukund R. Reed, Barbara M. Saxena, Praveen K. TI Melatonin enhances the recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips of American elm (Ulmus americana L.) SO JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE American Elm; cryopreservation; melatonin; preculture; Ulmus americana ID PROMOTES ADVENTITIOUS-ROOT; COLD-ACCLIMATION; LIQUID-NITROGEN; ENCAPSULATION-VITRIFICATION; EXOGENOUS MELATONIN; SOMATIC EMBRYOS; SURVIVAL; REGENERATION; IMPROVES; CELLS AB Climate change and global migrations of people and goods have exposed trees to new diseases and abiotic challenges that threaten the survival of species. In vitro germplasm storage via cryopreservation is an effective tool to ensure conservation of tree species, but plant cells and tissues are exposed to multiple stresses during the cryopreservation process. The current study was designed to evaluate the potential of melatonin to improve survival through the process of cryopreservation. Shoot tips of in vitro-grown plantlets and dormant winter buds of American elm were successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (LN) at -196 degrees C under controlled environmental conditions following melatonin treatment and cold acclimation with either vitrification or encapsulation-vitrification protocols. Explants had optimal regrowth following cryopreservation when treated with the plant vitrification solution#2 (PVS2) for 10min. Supplementation of both preculture and regrowth media with melatonin significantly enhanced regrowth of frozen shoots compared with the untreated control (P<0.05). Approximately 80-100% of shoot explants grew under optimized conditions using melatonin-enriched media. Shoot tips of dormant winter buds consistently produced nearly 100% regrowth with both techniques. The main steps of the optimized protocol are 14-day cold-acclimated cultures exposed to preculture medium with 0.1-0.5m melatonin for 24hr, application of PVS2 for 10min, rapid cooling in LN, rapid rewarming, removal of cryoprotectants, and recovery on a medium supplemented with 0.1-0.5m melatonin. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of the antioxidant melatonin for long-term storage of naturally resistant elm germplasm. C1 [Uchendu, Esther E.; Shukla, Mukund R.; Saxena, Praveen K.] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Gosling Res Inst Plant Preservat, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Reed, Barbara M.] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Saxena, PK (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Gosling Res Inst Plant Preservat, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM psaxena@uoguelph.ca OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 FU Gosling Foundation, Guelph, Ontario; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This study was funded by the Gosling Foundation, Guelph, Ontario, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 56 TC 26 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0742-3098 EI 1600-079X J9 J PINEAL RES JI J. Pineal Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 55 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1111/jpi.12094 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 234EJ UT WOS:000325623700011 PM 24117864 ER PT J AU Smith, ME Schell, KJ Castellano, MA Trappe, MJ Trappe, JM AF Smith, Matthew E. Schell, Karlee J. Castellano, Michael A. Trappe, Matthew J. Trappe, James M. TI The enigmatic truffle Fevansia aurantiaca is an ectomycorrhizal member of the Albatrellus lineage SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE Albatrellus; Albatrellaceae; Ectomycorrhiza; Russulales; Sequestrate fungi; Truffles ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; TAXONOMY AB Fevansia aurantiaca is an orange-colored truffle that has been collected infrequently in the Pacific Northwest of the USA. This sequestrate, hypogeous fungus was originally thought to be related to the genera Rhizopogon or Alpova in the Boletales, but the large, inflated cells in the trama and the very pale spore mass easily segregated it from these genera. To date, no molecular phylogenetic studies have determined its closest relatives. F. aurantiaca was originally discovered in leaf litter beneath Pinaceae, leading Trappe and Castellano (Mycotaxon 75:153-179, 2000) to suggest that it is an ectomycorrhizal symbiont of various members of the Pinaceae. However, without direct ecological or phylogenetic data, it is impossible to confirm the trophic mode of this truffle species. In this study, we combined phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and 28S ribosomal DNA with data on microscopic morphology to determine that F. aurantiaca is a member of the Albatrellus ectomycorrhizal lineage (Albatrellaceae, Russulales). C1 [Smith, Matthew E.; Schell, Karlee J.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Castellano, Michael A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Trappe, Matthew J.; Trappe, James M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Smith, ME (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trufflesmith@ufl.edu RI Smith, Matthew/A-8115-2012 OI Smith, Matthew/0000-0002-0878-0932 FU University of Florida's Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) FX Funding was provided by University of Florida's Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS). An earlier draft of this work was produced by KJ Schell and ME Smith during summer 2012 as part of the University of Florida Student Science Training Program (SSTP) to prepare advanced high school students for careers in science. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the quality of this work. We would also like to thank the mycological herbarium at Oregon State University (OSC) for lending herbarium specimens. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 EI 1432-1890 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD NOV PY 2013 VL 23 IS 8 BP 663 EP 668 DI 10.1007/s00572-013-0502-2 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 238SL UT WOS:000325969000005 PM 23666521 ER PT J AU Lam, TI Bingham, D Chang, TJ Lee, CC Shi, J Wang, DM Massa, S Swanson, RA Liu, JL AF Lam, Tina I. Bingham, Deborah Chang, Ting Ju Lee, Chih Cheng Shi, Jian Wang, Dongmin Massa, Stephen Swanson, Raymond A. Liu, Jialing TI Beneficial Effects of Minocycline and Botulinum Toxin-Induced Constraint Physical Therapy Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury SO NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR LA English DT Article DE controlled cortical impact; constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT); botox; rehabilitation; microglia; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ID INDUCED MOVEMENT THERAPY; MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION; ANIMAL-MODELS; STROKE; METAANALYSIS; CNS; MECHANISMS; PLASTICITY; DISORDERS; CHILDREN AB Background. Effective recovery from functional impairments caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) requires appropriate rehabilitation therapy. Multiple pathways are involved in secondary injury and recovery suggesting a role for multimodal approaches. Objective. Here, we examined the efficacy of the anti-inflammatory agent minocycline and botulinum toxin (botox)-induced limb constraint with structured physical therapy, delivered alone or in combination, after a severe TBI produced by a controlled cortical impact in rats. Methods. Minocycline was administered at 25 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks beginning 1 day after TBI or sham surgery. For constraint/physical therapy, botox-type A was injected into the nonaffected forearm muscle 1 day after injury and 2 weeks of physical therapy commenced at 5 days after injury. Functional evaluations were conducted 8 weeks after injury. Results. Minocycline, either as a monotherapy or as combination treatment with botox/physical therapy significantly reduced impairments of spatial learning and memory in the water maze test, whereas botox/physical therapy reduced forelimb motor asymmetry and improved manual dexterity in the cylinder and vermicelli handling tests, A synergistic effect between the 2 treatments was observed when rats performed tasks requiring dexterity. Inflammation was attenuated in the peri-contusion cortex and hippocampus in all TBI groups receiving mono or combination therapies, though there was no significant difference in lesion size among groups. Conclusion. These data provide a rationale for incorporating anti-inflammatory treatment during rehabilitation therapy. C1 [Lam, Tina I.; Bingham, Deborah; Chang, Ting Ju; Lee, Chih Cheng; Shi, Jian; Wang, Dongmin; Massa, Stephen; Swanson, Raymond A.; Liu, Jialing] San Francisco VA Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. [Lam, Tina I.; Shi, Jian; Wang, Dongmin; Massa, Stephen; Swanson, Raymond A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA USA. [Lam, Tina I.] USDA, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Res Serv, Albany, CA USA. [Bingham, Deborah; Chang, Ting Ju; Lee, Chih Cheng; Liu, Jialing] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Liu, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg 112C, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. EM jialing.liu@ucsf.edu RI Liu, Jialing/A-8627-2012; OI Liu, Jialing/0000-0003-4420-4382; Swanson, Raymond/0000-0002-3664-5359 FU Veterans Affairs Research Enhancement Award; Veterans Affairs merit awards FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by a Veterans Affairs Research Enhancement Award (RAS), and Veterans Affairs merit awards (JL, SM).]. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1545-9683 EI 1552-6844 J9 NEUROREHAB NEURAL RE JI Neurorehabil. Neural Repair PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 IS 9 BP 889 EP 899 DI 10.1177/1545968313491003 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 229IL UT WOS:000325256000013 PM 23778701 ER PT J AU Hungate, BA Dijkstra, P Wu, ZT Duval, BD Day, FP Johnson, DW Megonigal, JP Brown, ALP Garland, JL AF Hungate, Bruce A. Dijkstra, Paul Wu, Zhuoting Duval, Benjamin D. Day, Frank P. Johnson, Dale W. Megonigal, J. Patrick Brown, Alisha L. P. Garland, Jay L. TI Cumulative response of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks to chronic CO2 exposure in a subtropical oak woodland SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE carbon cycling; elevated CO2; global change; long-term experiment; nitrogen cycling; scrub oak; soil carbon; subtropical woodland ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FLORIDA SCRUB-OAK; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; RHIZOSPHERE PROCESSES; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; CLIMATE FEEDBACKS AB Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) could alter the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content of ecosystems, yet the magnitude of these effects are not well known. We examined C and N budgets of a subtropical woodland after 11yr of exposure to elevated CO2. We used open-top chambers to manipulate CO2 during regrowth after fire, and measured C, N and tracer N-15 in ecosystem components throughout the experiment. Elevated CO2 increased plant C and tended to increase plant N but did not significantly increase whole-system C or N. Elevated CO2 increased soil microbial activity and labile soil C, but more slowly cycling soil C pools tended to decline. Recovery of a long-term N-15 tracer indicated that CO2 exposure increased N losses and altered N distribution, with no effect on N inputs. Increased plant C accrual was accompanied by higher soil microbial activity and increased C losses from soil, yielding no statistically detectable effect of elevated CO2 on net ecosystem C uptake. These findings challenge the treatment of terrestrial ecosystems responses to elevated CO2 in current biogeochemical models, where the effect of elevated CO2 on ecosystem C balance is described as enhanced photosynthesis and plant growth with decomposition as a first-order response. C1 [Hungate, Bruce A.; Dijkstra, Paul; Wu, Zhuoting; Duval, Benjamin D.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hungate, Bruce A.; Dijkstra, Paul; Wu, Zhuoting; Duval, Benjamin D.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Wu, Zhuoting] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Duval, Benjamin D.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Day, Frank P.; Brown, Alisha L. P.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Johnson, Dale W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Megonigal, J. Patrick] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Garland, Jay L.] US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hungate, BA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM bruce.hungate@nau.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG-02-95ER61993, 95-59, MPOOO02]; National Science Foundation [DEB 9873715, 0092642, 0445324]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the Kennedy Space Center; US Fish and Wildlife Service at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy (DE-FG-02-95ER61993, and subcontract 95-59, MPOOO02), and by the National Science Foundation (DEB 9873715, 0092642, and 0445324). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the Kennedy Space Center, the US Fish and Wildlife Service at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge provided generous support throughout the CO2 project. Thanks to Bert Drake for visionary leadership and opportunity. Victoria Albarracin, Mike Roberts, Mary Hummerick, Jan Bauer and Lanfang Levine assisted in the laboratory. NR 106 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 93 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 200 IS 3 BP 753 EP 766 DI 10.1111/nph.12333 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 233GI UT WOS:000325555400018 PM 23718224 ER PT J AU Hungate, BA Day, FP Dijkstra, P Duval, BD Hinkle, CR Langley, JA Megonigal, JP Stiling, P Johnson, DW Drake, BG AF Hungate, Bruce A. Day, Frank P. Dijkstra, Paul Duval, Benjamin D. Hinkle, C. Ross Langley, J. Adam Megonigal, J. Patrick Stiling, Peter Johnson, Dale W. Drake, Bert G. TI Fire, hurricane and carbon dioxide: effects on net primary production of a subtropical woodland SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE disturbance; elevated CO2; fire; global environmental change; hurricane; net primary productivity (NPP); nitrogen cycling; oak woodland ID SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; FLORIDA SCRUB; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ROOT BIOMASS; SOIL CARBON; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS AB Disturbance affects most terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to shape their responses to chronic environmental change. Scrub-oak vegetation regenerating from fire disturbance in subtropical Florida was exposed to experimentally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (+350ll(-1)) using open-top chambers for 11yr, punctuated by hurricane disturbance in year 8. Here, we report the effects of elevated CO2 on aboveground and belowground net primary productivity (NPP) and nitrogen (N) cycling during this experiment. The stimulation of NPP and N uptake by elevated CO2 peaked within 2yr after disturbance by fire and hurricane, when soil nutrient availability was high. The stimulation subsequently declined and disappeared, coincident with low soil nutrient availability and with a CO2-induced reduction in the N concentration of oak stems. These findings show that strong growth responses to elevated CO2 can be transient, are consistent with a progressively limited response to elevated CO2 interrupted by disturbance, and illustrate the importance of biogeochemical responses to extreme events in modulating ecosystem responses to global environmental change. C1 [Hungate, Bruce A.; Dijkstra, Paul; Duval, Benjamin D.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hungate, Bruce A.; Dijkstra, Paul; Duval, Benjamin D.] No Arizona Univ, Ecosyst Sci & Soc Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Day, Frank P.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Duval, Benjamin D.] ARS, USDA, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hinkle, C. Ross] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Langley, J. Adam] Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Megonigal, J. Patrick; Drake, Bert G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Stiling, Peter] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Johnson, Dale W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Hungate, BA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Bruce.Hungate@nau.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG-02-95ER61993, 95-59, MPOOO02]; National Science Foundation [DEB 0092642, 0445324]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the Kennedy Space Center; US Fish and Wildlife Service at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge FX The CO2 project was supported by the US Department of Energy (DE-FG-02-95ER61993 and subcontract 95-59, MPOOO02) and by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0092642 and 0445324). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the Kennedy Space Center and the US Fish and Wildlife Service at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge provided generous support throughout the CO2 project. The authors thank David Johnson, Graham Hymus, Jiahong Li, Debra Colavito, Hans Anderson, Dan Stover, Alisha Brown, Rachel Schroeder, John Butnor, John Dilustro and Troy Seiler for fieldwork. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 200 IS 3 BP 767 EP 777 DI 10.1111/nph.12409 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 233GI UT WOS:000325555400019 PM 23869799 ER PT J AU Day, FP Schroeder, RE Stover, DB Brown, ALP Butnor, JR Dilustro, J Hungate, BA Dijkstra, P Duval, BD Seiler, TJ Drake, BG Hinkle, CR AF Day, Frank P. Schroeder, Rachel E. Stover, Daniel B. Brown, Alisha L. P. Butnor, John R. Dilustro, John Hungate, Bruce A. Dijkstra, Paul Duval, Benjamin D. Seiler, Troy J. Drake, Bert G. Hinkle, C. Ross TI The effects of 11 yr of CO2 enrichment on roots in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE CO2 enrichment; disturbance; ground-penetrating radar; minirhizotrons; root biomass; root closure; scrub-oak ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; SOIL CARBON; FINE ROOTS; NITROGEN LIMITATION; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; TEMPERATE FOREST AB Uncertainty surrounds belowground plant responses to rising atmospheric CO2 because roots are difficult to measure, requiring frequent monitoring as a result of fine root dynamics and long-term monitoring as a result of sensitivity to resource availability. We report belowground plant responses of a scrub-oak ecosystem in Florida exposed to 11yr of elevated atmospheric CO2 using open-top chambers. We measured fine root production, turnover and biomass using minirhizotrons, coarse root biomass using ground-penetrating radar and total root biomass using soil cores. Total root biomass was greater in elevated than in ambient plots, and the absolute difference was larger than the difference aboveground. Fine root biomass fluctuated by more than a factor of two, with no unidirectional temporal trend, whereas leaf biomass accumulated monotonically. Strong increases in fine root biomass with elevated CO2 occurred after fire and hurricane disturbance. Leaf biomass also exhibited stronger responses following hurricanes. Responses after fire and hurricanes suggest that disturbance promotes the growth responses of plants to elevated CO2. Increased resource availability associated with disturbance (nutrients, water, space) may facilitate greater responses of roots to elevated CO2. The disappearance of responses in fine roots suggests limits on the capacity of root systems to respond to CO2 enrichment. C1 [Day, Frank P.; Schroeder, Rachel E.; Brown, Alisha L. P.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Stover, Daniel B.] US DOE, Off Biol & Environm Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Butnor, John R.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Dilustro, John] Chowan Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, NC 27855 USA. [Hungate, Bruce A.; Dijkstra, Paul] Univ Arizona, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hungate, Bruce A.; Dijkstra, Paul] Univ Arizona, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Duval, Benjamin D.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Global Change Solut, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Seiler, Troy J.] ENSCO Inc, Melbourne, FL 32940 USA. [Drake, Bert G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Hinkle, C. Ross] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Day, FP (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM fday@odu.edu RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG-02-95ER61993]; Smithsonian Institution [95-59-MPOOO02]; National Science Foundation [DEB 9873715, 0092642, 0445324] FX This research was funded by US Department of Energy grant (DE-FG-02-95ER61993) to the Smithsonian Institution with subcontract (95-59-MPOOO02) to F. P. D. at Old Dominion University, and by grants from the National Science Foundation (DEB 9873715, 0092642 and 0445324) to B. A. H. at Northern Arizona University. We thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration at Kennedy Space Center for their cooperation. Soil coring was assisted by J. Brown, J. Blankinship, J. Coyle, C. LaViolete, Z. Wu, Tom Powell and Pat Megonigal. Kadrin Getman provided invaluable field assistance. Dan Welch of Geophysical Survey Systems Inc. provided help with data processing questions, and Dayanand Naik assisted with statistical analyses. NR 81 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 200 IS 3 BP 778 EP 787 DI 10.1111/nph.12246 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 233GI UT WOS:000325555400020 PM 23528147 ER PT J AU Inostroza-Blancheteau, C Aquea, F Loyola, R Slovin, J Josway, S Rengel, Z Reyes-Diaz, M Alberdi, M Arce-Johnson, P AF Inostroza-Blancheteau, C. Aquea, F. Loyola, R. Slovin, J. Josway, S. Rengel, Z. Reyes-Diaz, M. Alberdi, M. Arce-Johnson, P. TI Molecular characterisation of a calmodulin gene, VcCaM1, that is differentially expressed under aluminium stress in highbush blueberry SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abiotic stress; calcium; gene expression; qRT-PCR; RACE; Vaccinium corymbosum ID SHOCK SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM L.; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; TOXICITY; CALCIUM; BINDING; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; REGULATOR AB Calmodulin (CaM), a small acidic protein, is one of the best characterised Ca2+ sensors in eukaryotes. This Ca2+-regulated protein plays a critical role in decoding and transducing environmental stress signals by activating specific targets. Many environmental stresses elicit changes in intracellular Ca2+ activity that could initiate adaptive responses under adverse conditions. We report the first molecular cloning and characterisation of a calmodulin gene, VcCaM1 (Vaccinium corymbosum Calmodulin 1), in the woody shrub, highbush blueberry. VcCaM1 was first identified as VCAL19, a gene induced by aluminium stress in V.corymbosum L. A full-length cDNA of VcCaM1 containing a 766-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 149 amino acids was cloned from root RNA. The sequence encodes four Ca2+-binding motifs (EF-hands) and shows high similarity (99%) with the isoform CaM 201 of Daucus carota. Expression analyses showed that following Al treatment, VcCaM1 message level decreased in roots of Brigitta, an Al-resistant cultivar, and after 48h, was lower than in Bluegold, an Al-sensitive cultivar. VcCAM1 message also decreased in leaves of both cultivars within 2h of treatment. Message levels in leaves then increased by 24h to control levels in Brigitta, but not in Bluegold, but then decreased again by 48h. In conclusion, VcCaM1 does not appear to be directly involved in Al resistance, but may be involved in improved plant performance under Al toxicity conditions through regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and antioxidant systems in leaves. C1 [Inostroza-Blancheteau, C.] Univ Catolica Temuco, Fac Recursos Nat, Nucleo Invest Prod Alimentaria, Escuela Agron, Temuco, Chile. [Inostroza-Blancheteau, C.; Reyes-Diaz, M.; Alberdi, M.] Univ La Frontera, Ctr Plant Soil Interact & Nat Resources Biotechno, Sci & Technol Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN, Temuco, Chile. [Inostroza-Blancheteau, C.; Aquea, F.; Loyola, R.; Arce-Johnson, P.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Genet Mol & Microbiol, Lab Bioquim, Santiago, Chile. [Slovin, J.; Josway, S.] ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Rengel, Z.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Reyes-Diaz, M.; Alberdi, M.] Univ La Frontera, Dept Ciencias Quim & Recursos Nat, Temuco, Chile. RP Arce-Johnson, P (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Genet Mol & Microbiol, Lab Bioquim, POB 114-D, Santiago, Chile. EM parce@bio.puc.cl FU Fruit Consortium [07Genoma01]; Millennium Nucleus for Plant Functional Genomics [P06-009-F]; Fondecyt [11080231, 1080372] FX This work was financially supported by the Fruit Consortium, 07Genoma01, the Millennium Nucleus for Plant Functional Genomics (P06-009-F), Fondecyt Project No 11080231, and Fondecyt Project No 1080372. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1435-8603 EI 1438-8677 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1018 DI 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00722.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 238XB UT WOS:000325984000011 PM 23627459 ER PT J AU Nagaich, D Tiwari, KK Srivastva, N Chandra, A AF Nagaich, Deepti Tiwari, Kapil Kumar Srivastva, Nidhi Chandra, Amaresh TI Assessment of genetic diversity and morpho-physiological traits related to drought tolerance in Stylosanthes scabra SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE Drought; Malondialdehyde; Molecular marker; Proline; Rate-reducing resistance; Stylosanthes; Transpiration efficiency ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER-STRESS; PROLINE METABOLISM; PLANTS; GROWTH; L.; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION; EFFICIENCY AB Among the many Stylosanthes species, Stylosanthes scabra, a range fodder legume, performs better under limited water condition. In the present investigation, thirty-four accessions of S. scabra were assessed under limited water condition, for various morpho-physiological characters associated with drought. In general, S. scabra exhibited better tolerance to drought, as evidenced by high leaf thickness and greater accumulation of proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in water stress condition. Transpiration efficiency (TE) was high, in both control and water stress conditions and positively correlated with root, shoot, and total dry matters, in both control and stress conditions (r (2) = ranged from 0.589 to 0.961 in control and from 0.351 to 0.985 in stress). Of these, 25 accessions were assessed for estimation of genetic diversity, employing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 210 RAPD bands, obtained with 32 primers, revealed high polymorphic information content (0.49) and marker index (4.41). Dendrogram analysis indicated close proximity among the accessions of S. scabra. These accessions were clustered in high similarity range (84.01-98.36 %). Accession IG-366A separated from other clusters at 85.62 % similarity level. RAPD marker system revealed 13 accessions exhibiting > 90 % genetic similarity while the other accessions exhibited similarity ranging from 68 to 90 %. A higher level of genetic similarity which was also evident from the similar levels of TE, biomass production, root/shoot ratio, MDA, proline contents and drought tolerance index, indicated a cause-effect relationship among them. Results also indicated that among the accessions, S. scabra rate-reducing resistance allo-tetraploid lines were better suited for hard and cracking soils, under complete rain-fed condition. C1 [Nagaich, Deepti; Tiwari, Kapil Kumar] Indian Grassland & Fodder Res Inst, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Srivastva, Nidhi] Banasthali Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. [Chandra, Amaresh] Indian Inst Sugarcane Res, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Chandra, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM amaresh.chandra@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0137-5881 EI 1861-1664 J9 ACTA PHYSIOL PLANT JI Acta Physiol. Plant. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 35 IS 11 BP 3127 EP 3136 DI 10.1007/s11738-013-1345-3 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 236TW UT WOS:000325823300006 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Haynes, KF Harwood, JD AF Welch, Kelton D. Haynes, Kenneth F. Harwood, James D. TI Prey-specific foraging tactics in a web-building spider SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternative prey; detritivore food web; epigeal predator; flexible foraging; generalist predator; natural enemy; sit-and-wait foraging; web-building spider ID LINYPHIID SPIDERS; GENERALIST PREDATORS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PEST SUPPRESSION; NATURAL ENEMIES; WINTER-WHEAT; ARANEAE; ALFALFA; FOOD; AVAILABILITY AB Predator foraging behaviour can have important impacts on trophic-web structure, and on biological control. In agroecosystems, foraging-tactic selection may determine whether the predator feeds on pest or nonpest prey. We examined the foraging behaviour of a flexibly-foraging web-building spider in response to pest (aphids) and nonpest prey (springtails) aiming to assess the potential role of predator foraging behaviour in biological control. Spiders were allowed to choose between simulated microhabitats with and without a given prey item aiming to determine what tactics spiders would use to forage for the given prey. Spiders preferred microhabitats with aphid prey over paired microhabitats with no prey but showed no preference for springtail prey. Spiders rarely constructed webs in response to aphids but frequently utilized web-construction tactics in the presence of springtails. These findings demonstrate that predators can regulate their foraging activity to maximize the consumption of specific prey items. In the many cases where pest and nonpest prey differ in ecology, prey-specific foraging tactics such as these may limit the usefulness of natural enemies in pest suppression: high-quality, nonpest prey may cause shifts in predator behaviour that reduce consumption of pest prey. Therefore, nonpest prey can have behaviour-mediated, indirect effects on biological control. C1 [Welch, Kelton D.] ARS, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Haynes, Kenneth F.; Harwood, James D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Welch, KD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM keltondouglaswelch@gmail.com FU Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation; Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation; University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station State Project [KY008055]; Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station [13-08-034] FX This work was supported by the Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation via Grant Agreement KSEF-148-502-10261 with the Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation, and the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station State Project KY008055. The information reported in this paper (No. 13-08-034) is part of a project of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and is published with the approval of the Director. Founding stock for springtail colonies was obtained from the 'Crossley culture', maintained by Dr Michael L. Draney (University of Wisconsin - Green Bay). We are also very grateful to two anonymous reviewers and the Editor of Animal Behaviour for valuable comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-9555 EI 1461-9563 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 15 IS 4 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1111/afe.12023 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 233ZV UT WOS:000325609400004 ER PT J AU Ale, S Gowda, PH Mulla, DJ Moriasi, DN Youssef, MA AF Ale, Srinivasulu Gowda, Prasanna H. Mulla, David J. Moriasi, Daniel N. Youssef, Mohamed A. TI Comparison of the performances of DRAINMOD-NII and ADAPT models in simulating nitrate losses from subsurface drainage systems SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DRAINMOD; Hydrology; Nitrate losses; Tile drainage; Water quality ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NITROGEN LOSSES; WATER-QUALITY; FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT; FIELD-EVALUATION; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; TILE DRAINAGE; UNITED-STATES; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION AB Adequate knowledge on the movement of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) under different subsurface (tile) drain configurations and management practices in the U.S. Midwest is essential for developing remedial measures for reducing hypoxic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. In this study, DRAINMOD-NII, a daily time-step soil carbon (C) and N model, was calibrated and validated for subsurface drainage and associated NO3-N losses, and crop yield. Long term (1983-1996) monitoring data measured on three experimental plots under continuous corn (Zea mays L.) with conventional tillage practice at the University of Minnesota's Southern Research and Outreach Center near Waseca, southern Minnesota was used for this purpose. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Percent Error (PE) and Index of agreement (d) were used for assessing the model performance. DRAINMOD-NII predicted monthly subsurface drainage matched well with measured data during calibration (NSE = 0.81, PE = -7.8% and d = 0.94) and validation (NSE = 0.67, PE = -0.7% and d = 0.88) periods. Performance of DRAINMOD-NII for predicting monthly NO3-N losses in subsurface drainage was also good for both calibration (NSE = 0.64, PE = 0.8%, and d = 0.85) and validation (NSE = 0.62, PE = -5.3%, and d = 0.83) periods. DRAINMOD-NII predicted average (1983-1992) annual corn relative yield (93%), a ratio of crop yield in a year to the long-term average crop yield, was close to the observed relative yield (92.5%). DRAINMOD-NII simulation results wee also compared and contrasted with those obtained by the Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model with the same dataset. Both models performed equally well in predicting monthly subsurface drainage. However, DRAINMOD-NII performed slightly better in predicting monthly NO3-N losses and annual N budget, in addition to showing potential to simulate the effects of excess and deficit water stresses on crop yield. Studies comparing performances of different drainage models in the U.S. Midwest are useful to select an appropriate model for devising various strategies for reducing NO3-N losses from subsurface drainage systems, and thereby minimizing hypoxic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ale, Srinivasulu] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. [Gowda, Prasanna H.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Mulla, David J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Moriasi, Daniel N.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Youssef, Mohamed A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Weaver Labs 185, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ale, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. EM sriniale@ag.tamu.edu FU Texas A&M AgriLife Research FX The authors would like to thank the Texas A&M AgriLife Research for funding this research. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 129 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.07.008 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 233UO UT WOS:000325595200003 ER PT J AU Shelton, DR Kiefer, LA Pachepsky, YA Martinez, G McCarty, GW Dao, TH AF Shelton, D. R. Kiefer, L. A. Pachepsky, Y. A. Martinez, G. McCarty, G. W. Dao, T. H. TI Comparison of microbial quality of irrigation water delivered in aluminum and PVC pipes SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Microbial water quality; Irrigation water; Biofilms; Water delivery system; Pipe material ID DRINKING-WATER; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; BIOFILM FORMATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WASTE-WATER; PATHOGENS; VEGETABLES; GROWTH AB Microbial quality of irrigation water attracts substantial attention due to the increased incidence of gastrointestinal illness caused by contaminated produce. Little is known about the changes in microbial quality of water during its delivery to crops. Studies were conducted to compare the biofilm formation and changes in microbial water quality in aluminum and PVC irrigation pipes. Irrigation events were conducted weekly and sections of irrigation pipe (coupons) analyzed for total protein, for total and fecal coliform bacteria, and for Escherichia coli. Coliform and E. coli concentrations along with nitrate, orthophosphate, and total organic carbon were monitored in the intake surface water, output irrigation water, and measured in residual standing water in pipes just prior to each irrigation event. Proteins accumulated to a greater extent in aluminum-associated biofilms than in plastic-associated biofilms. Numbers of total coliforms associated with aluminum coupons increased with time while numbers of total coliforms associated with plastic coupons fluctuated. Nitrates disappeared in standing water after one week in aluminum pipes and remained present in plastic. No detectable E. coli remained in standing water in both types of pipe. There was a high probability that coliform concentrations in output irrigation water were different from the intake concentrations in plastic pipes but not in aluminum pipes. Further research is required to evaluate how pipe material may affect the potential of biofilms in irrigation distribution systems to serve as reservoirs of pathogens that can be disseminated to crops during irrigation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shelton, D. R.; Pachepsky, Y. A.; Martinez, G.] ARS, USDA, Microbial Environm & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Kiefer, L. A.] BlueWave Microb LLC, Columbia, MD USA. [Martinez, G.] Univ Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. [McCarty, G. W.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Dao, T. H.] Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD USA. EM yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov RI Martinez Garcia, Gonzalo/E-3069-2013; OI Martinez Garcia, Gonzalo/0000-0001-5575-9397; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 129 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.07.021 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 233UO UT WOS:000325595200016 ER PT J AU Havens, PL Kiser, JJ Stephensen, CB Hazra, R Flynn, PM Wilson, CM Rutledge, B Bethel, J Pan, CG Woodhouse, LR Van Loan, MD Liu, N Lujan-Zilbermann, J Baker, A Kapogiannis, BG Gordon, CM Mulligan, K AF Havens, Peter L. Kiser, Jennifer J. Stephensen, Charles B. Hazra, Rohan Flynn, Patricia M. Wilson, Craig M. Rutledge, Brandy Bethel, James Pan, Cynthia G. Woodhouse, Leslie R. Van Loan, Marta D. Liu, Nancy Lujan-Zilbermann, Jorge Baker, Alyne Kapogiannis, Bill G. Gordon, Catherine M. Mulligan, Kathleen CA Adolescent Med Trials Network HIV TI Association of Higher Plasma Vitamin D Binding Protein and Lower Free Calcitriol Levels with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Use and Plasma and Intracellular Tenofovir Pharmacokinetics: Cause of a Functional Vitamin D Deficiency? SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; OPTIMIZED BACKGROUND REGIMEN; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; TUBULAR DYSFUNCTION; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; SALVAGE THERAPY; RENAL-FAILURE; CALCIUM; ADULTS AB Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) causes bone, endocrine, and renal changes by an unknown mechanism(s). Data are limited on tenofovir pharmacokinetics and these effects. Using baseline data from a multicenter study of HIV-infected youth on stable treatment with regimens containing TDF (n = 118) or lacking TDF (n = 85), we measured cross-sectional associations of TDF use with markers of renal function, vitamin D-calcium-parathyroid hormone balance, phosphate metabolism (tubular reabsorption of phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23 [FGF23]), and bone turnover. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic associations with plasma tenofovir and intracellular tenofovir diphosphate concentrations were explored among those receiving TDF. The mean age was 20.9 (standard deviation [SD], 2.0) years; 63% were male; and 52% were African American. Compared to the no-TDF group, the TDF group showed lower mean estimated glomerular filtration rates and tubular reabsorption of phosphate, as well as higher parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D[1,25-OH(2) D] levels. The highest quintile of plasma tenofovir concentrations was associated with higher vitamin D binding protein, lower free 1,25-OH(2) D, higher 25-OH vitamin D, and higher serum calcium. The highest quintile of intracellular tenofovir diphosphate concentration was associated with lower FGF23. Higher plasma tenofovir concentrations were associated with higher vitamin D binding protein and lower free 1,25-OH(2) D, suggesting a functional vitamin D deficiency explaining TDF-associated increased parathyroid hormone. The finding of lower FGF23 accompanying higher intracellular tenofovir diphosphate suggests that different mechanisms mediate TDF-associated changes in phosphate handling. Separate pharmacokinetic properties may be associated with distinct TDF toxicities: tenofovir with parathyroid hormone and altered calcium balance and tenofovir diphosphate with hypophosphatemia and FGF23 regulation. C1 [Havens, Peter L.; Pan, Cynthia G.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Childrens Res Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Kiser, Jennifer J.] Univ Colorado, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Aurora, CO USA. [Stephensen, Charles B.; Woodhouse, Leslie R.; Van Loan, Marta D.] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Hazra, Rohan; Kapogiannis, Bill G.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Bethesda, MD USA. [Flynn, Patricia M.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Wilson, Craig M.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Rutledge, Brandy; Bethel, James; Liu, Nancy] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Lujan-Zilbermann, Jorge] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Tampa, FL USA. [Baker, Alyne] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Gordon, Catherine M.] Hasbro Childrens Hosp, Providence, RI USA. [Gordon, Catherine M.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Mulligan, Kathleen] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Havens, PL (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Childrens Res Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM phavens@mcw.edu; kathleen.mulligan@ucsf.edu FU General Clinical Research Center Program of the National Center for Research Resources; National Institutes of Health; Department of Health and Human Services; Children's National Medical Center [M01RR020359]; University of Pennsylvania/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia [NCRRUL1-RR-024134]; University of California at San Francisco [UL1-RR024131]; Seattle Children's Hospital [UL1-RR025014]; Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine [M01-RR00188]; Boston University Medical Center [UL1-RR02517]; SUNY-Stony Brook [M01-RR10710]; Louisiana Board of Regents RC/EEP [RC/EEP-06]; Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) from the National Institutes of Health through the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [U01HD 040533, U01 HD 040474]; National Institutes on Drug Abuse; Mental Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [U01 A1068632] FX Eight of these sites utilized their General Clinical Research Center (GCRC)/Pediatric Clinical Research Center (PCRC) for the study; the centers were supported by grants from the General Clinical Research Center Program of the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services under the following grant numbers: Children's National Medical Center, M01RR020359; University of Pennsylvania/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, NCRRUL1-RR-024134; University of California at San Francisco, UL1-RR024131; Seattle Children's Hospital, UL1-RR025014; Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, M01-RR00188; Boston University Medical Center, UL1-RR02517; and SUNY-Stony Brook, M01-RR10710. The Tulane University Health Sciences Center utilized its Clinical and Translational Research Center (CTRC) for the study; the center was supported in whole or in part by funds provided through the Louisiana Board of Regents RC/EEP (RC/EEP-06).; This work was supported by the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) from the National Institutes of Health (U01HD 040533 and U01 HD 040474] through the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [B. Kapogiannis]), with supplemental funding from the National Institutes on Drug Abuse (N. Borek) and Mental Health (P. Brouwers and S. Allison). The protocol was coendorsed by the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Support for the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group (IMPAACT) was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (U01 A1068632). The study was scientifically reviewed by the ATN's Therapeutic Leadership Group. Network, scientific, and logistical support was provided by the ATN Coordinating Center (C. Wilson and C. Partlow) at The University of Alabama at Birmingham. Network operations and analytic support was provided by the ATN Data and Operations Center at Westat, Inc. (J. Korelitz and B. Driver). NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 57 IS 11 BP 5619 EP 5628 DI 10.1128/AAC.01096-13 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 235ZY UT WOS:000325764000054 PM 24002093 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Wright, SE Tuttle, AF Cooley, DR Leskey, TC AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Wright, Starker E. Tuttle, Arthur F. Cooley, Daniel R. Leskey, Tracy C. TI Using entomopathogenic nematodes for biological control of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar: Effects of irrigation and species in apple orchards SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Conotrachelus nenuphar; Entomopathogenic nematode; Plum curculio; Steinernema ID FIELD EFFICACY; COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT; STRAIN; LARVAE AB The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar, is a major pest of stone and pome fruit (e.g., apples, pears, peaches, cherries, etc.). Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp.) are virulent to ground-dwelling stages of C. nenuphar and may be incorporated into an integrated management strategy. Two significant questions that must be addressed prior to implementation are: (1) which nematode is most effective in suppressing the target pest under field conditions? and (2) what is the impact of various irrigation levels on field efficacy? We addressed these questions by comparing the efficacy of two nematodes, Steinernema riobrave and Steinernema feltiae (two nematodes that showed the highest virulence in prior lab assays and field trials) and an untreated control, at three irrigation levels 0, 1 and 6 irrigation events applied during a two-week period post-application. C. nenuphar larvae were added to mini-plots prior to treatment application. Treatment effects were assessed by comparing the number of C. nenuphar adults emerging from each plot. The experiments were conducted at two field sites (apple orchards in Kearneysville, West Virginia and Belchertown, Massachusetts) in 2011 and 2012. Relative to the untreated check, S. riobrave caused 85.0% and 97.3% control in 2011 and 2012 in Massachusetts (respectively) and 100% control in West Virginia both years, whereas S. feltiae caused 0% and 84.6% control in 2011 and 2012 (respectively) in Massachusetts, and 78.2% and 69.7% control in West Virginia. The level of C. nenuphar suppression caused by S. riobrave was higher than suppression by S. feltiae at both sites in 2011 (no differences were detected in 2012). Irrigation did not have a significant effect on C. nenuphar suppression at both sites and in both years of the experiments. The lack of irrigation effects is an unusual finding for field applications using entomopathogenic nematodes, and may have been due to the level of precipitation and water-holding capacity in the field soils tested. The results of this study have positive implications for the potential of incorporating entomopathogenic nematodes into a C. nenuphar management program. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Wright, Starker E.; Leskey, Tracy C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Tuttle, Arthur F.; Cooley, Daniel R.] Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA-SCRI program [2009-51181-06005] FX We thank Terri Brearley, Kathy Halat, Torri Hancock, Leighann Fall, and Stacy Byrd for technical assistance and the USDA-NIFA-SCRI program for funding a portion of this research (under Grant # 2009-51181-06005). NR 34 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2013 VL 67 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.07.020 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 232HO UT WOS:000325483900006 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Martin, MR Pratt, PD Rayamajhi, MB Center, TD AF Tipping, Philip W. Martin, Melissa R. Pratt, Paul D. Rayamajhi, Min B. Center, Ted D. TI An abundant biological control agent does not provide a significant predator subsidy SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Oxyops vitiosa; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Classical biological control; Herbivory; Food web subsidies ID PLANT MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; NATURAL ENEMIES; OXYOPS-VITIOSA; APPARENT COMPETITION; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; SEARCHING BEHAVIOR; FIELD COLONIZATION AB Classical weed biological control agents, regardless of their effectiveness, may provide subsidies to predators and parasites. The chemically defended weevil Oxyops vitiosa Pascoe is a successful agent that was introduced to control the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia. Two consecutive small plot experiments that lasted two and three years, respectively, examined the population dynamics of O. vitiosa while subjected to predation by Podisus mucronatus, a native generalist predator. During this time the estimated mean (+/- SE) percent predation of O. vitiosa larvae was 7.2 +/- 1.7% per sample date in the two year study and 8.4 +/- 0.8% in the three year study. There was no relationship between the number of larvae per tree and the number that were predated in either experiment. Consumer losses from predation did not cascade down to the producer level and influence any plant variable in either experiment. Time series analysis found no autoregressive processes for predation in either experiment while there were strong first through fourth-order auto-correlations for live larvae in both experiments, indicating the presence of strong trends in prey density. If longevity was a gauge of the relative importance of a predator subsidy, then any provided by O. vitiosa was negligible because predation was unlikely to increase over two consecutive sample periods despite increasing prey populations. The benign presence of sustained populations of a biological control agent provides a tailored counter argument to studies that imply inevitable and perilous linkages between introduced agents and community food webs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tipping, Philip W.; Pratt, Paul D.; Rayamajhi, Min B.; Center, Ted D.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Martin, Melissa R.] ARM Loxahatchee Wildlife Refuge, Delray Beach, FL USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM philip.tipping@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2013 VL 67 IS 2 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.07.014 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 232HO UT WOS:000325483900018 ER PT J AU Castrillo, LA Griggs, MH Vandenberg, JD AF Castrillo, Louela A. Griggs, Michael H. Vandenberg, John D. TI Granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), survival and brood production following exposure to entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Xylosandrus crassiusculus; Invasive pest; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium brunneum; Trichoderma harzianum; Biological control ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LIFE-HISTORY; SCOLYTIDAE; TRICHODERMA; INSECTICIDE; SYMBIONTS; GERMANUS; TREES AB The granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, is one of the most important exotic pests in orchards and nurseries in the US. The beetle has a wide host range, including some of the most popular and valuable trees in nurseries, and is difficult to control using chemical insecticides because of its cryptic habits. In this study we evaluated the susceptibility of X. crassiusculus to three commercial strains of entomopathogenic fungi and also examined gallery formation and brood production among females exposed to these biocontrol agents and a mycoparasitic fungus, Trichoderma harzianum. All three entomopathogens were virulent to X. crassiusculus: Beauveria bassiana strains GHA and Naturalis and Metarhizium brunneum F52 produced 76.7 +/- 7%, 95.6 +/- 1.1%, and 78.9 +/- 7.8% mortality, respectively, among treated adult females at the highest dose (600 conidia/mm(2)) 5 days after inoculation. Females exposed to beech stems treated with entomopathogenic fungi at the highest concentration had lower survival rates and produced fewer galleries. All concentrations tested, however, resulted in females with fewer offspring compared to control. Those exposed to T. harzianum strain KRL-AG2 produced galleries with sparse, patchy, or no symbiont growth, many of which had no or few brood present. Some of the females exposed to either B. bassiana or M. brunneum also had galleries with sparse mycelial growth. These results show the potential of entomopathogenic or mycoparasitic fungi in controlling X. crassiusculus, either directly by killing adult females and preventing or reducing brood production or indirectly by suppressing growth or establishment of their fungal symbiont in galleries. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Castrillo, Louela A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Griggs, Michael H.; Vandenberg, John D.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Castrillo, LA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lac48@cornell.edu FU USDA ARS Floral; Nursery Research Initiative; USDA ARS; Cornell University FX We thank Dan Gilrein (Cornell University, Riverhead, NY) for assistance in collecting beetles, Richard Humber (USDA ARSEF Culture Collection, Ithaca, NY) for providing strain ARSEF 5198 (= F52), Laverlam (Butte, MT) for providing strain GHA, Matthew Krause (BioWorks, Inc., Victor, NY) for providing strain KRL-AG2, and Steve Wraight (USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY) for advice on statistical analyses. This work was funded in part by the USDA ARS Floral and Nursery Research Initiative and through an agreement between the USDA ARS and Cornell University (A. Hajek, cooperator). NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2013 VL 67 IS 2 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.07.015 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 232HO UT WOS:000325483900019 ER PT J AU Owen, SM Sieg, CH Johnson, NC Gehring, CA AF Owen, Suzanne M. Sieg, Carolyn Hull Johnson, Nancy Collins Gehring, Catherine A. TI Exotic cheatgrass and loss of soil biota decrease the performance of a native grass SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Bromus tectorum; Elymus elymoides; Invasion; Phosphorus; Pinyon-Juniper woodlands ID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; BROMUS-TECTORUM INVASION; PLANT INVASION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; GREAT-BASIN; DISTURBANCE; AVAILABILITY; CALIFORNIA; RESPONSES AB Soil disturbances can alter microbial communities including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which may in turn, affect plant community structure and the abundance of exotic species. We hypothesized that altered soil microbial populations owing to disturbance would contribute to invasion by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), an exotic annual grass, at the expense of the native perennial grass, squirreltail (Elymus elymoides). Using a greenhouse experiment, we compared the responses of conspecific and heterospecific pairs of cheatgrass and squirreltail inoculated with soil (including live AM spores and other organisms) collected from fuel treatments with high, intermediate and no disturbance (pile burns, mastication, and intact woodlands) and a sterile control. Cheatgrass growth was unaffected by type of soil inoculum, whereas squirreltail growth, reproduction and nutrient uptake were higher in plants inoculated with soil from mastication and undisturbed treatments compared to pile burns and sterile controls. Squirreltail shoot biomass was positively correlated with AM colonization when inoculated with mastication and undisturbed soils, but not when inoculated with pile burn soils. In contrast, cheatgrass shoot biomass was negatively correlated with AM colonization, but this effect was less pronounced with pile burn inoculum. Cheatgrass had higher foliar N and P when grown with squirreltail compared to a conspecific, while squirreltail had lower foliar P, AM colonization and flower production when grown with cheatgrass. These results indicate that changes in AM communities resulting from high disturbance may favor exotic plant species that do not depend on mycorrhizal fungi, over native species that depend on particular taxa of AM fungi for growth and reproduction. C1 [Owen, Suzanne M.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Johnson, Nancy Collins] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Johnson, Nancy Collins; Gehring, Catherine A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Owen, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM smowen@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [05-CS-11221615-152]; Fulbright Commission of the Czech Republic FX We thank Steve Overby, Breanne Fortin, Carolyn Myren, Colleen Cooley, John Hockersmith, Bradford Blake, Phil Patterson, Anita Antoninka, Andrew Owen and the Gehring and Johnson lab groups at NAU. This project was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station under cost share agreement 05-CS-11221615-152. N. C. Johnson acknowledges financial support from the Fulbright Commission of the Czech Republic. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2013 VL 15 IS 11 BP 2503 EP 2517 DI 10.1007/s10530-013-0469-0 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233GH UT WOS:000325555300012 ER PT J AU Hamerlynck, EP Scott, RL Barron-Gafford, GA AF Hamerlynck, Erik P. Scott, Russell L. Barron-Gafford, Greg A. TI Consequences of Cool-Season Drought-Induced Plant Mortality to Chihuahuan Desert Grassland Ecosystem and Soil Respiration Dynamics SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE climate change; ecosystem respiration; gross ecosystem photosynthesis; net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange; seasonal precipitation; soil moisture; southern oscillation/El Nino ID NORTHERN TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION PULSES; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; CO2 FLUX; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; SONORAN DESERT AB Predicted reductions of cool-season rainfall may expand and accelerate drought-induced plant mortality currently unfolding across the Southwest US. To assess how repeated plant mortality affects ecosystem functional attributes, we quantified net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (R (eco)), and gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) responses to precipitation (P) at a semidesert grassland over spring (Feb 1-Apr 30) and summer (June 15-Oct 1) plant-active periods across eight years, including two with distinct patterns of extensive species-specific mortality. In addition, we quantified daily soil respiration (R (soil)) in high- (56-88%) and low-mortality (8-27%) plots the summer following the most recent mortality event. Plant mortality coincided with severely dry cool-season conditions (Dec 1-Apr 30). We found a positive relationship between springtime P and GEP, and that springtime conditions influenced GEP response to summer rainfall. High springtime R (eco)/GEP ratios followed plant mortality, suggesting increased available carbon after mortality was rapidly decomposed. R (soil) in low-mortality plots exceeded high-mortality plots over drier summer periods, likely from more root respiration. However, total cumulative R (soil) did not differ between plots, as variation in surviving plant conditions resulted in high and low C-yielding plots within both plot types. Vegetation status in high C-yielding R (soil) plots was similar to that across the grassland, suggesting R (soil) from such areas underlay higher R (eco). This, coupled to springtime drought constraints to GEP, resulted in positive NEE under summer P accumulations that previously supported C-sink activity. These findings indicate that predicted lower cool-season precipitation may strongly and negatively affect summer season productivity in these semiarid grasslands. C1 [Hamerlynck, Erik P.; Scott, Russell L.] ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Earthsci B2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hamerlynck, EP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM erik.hamerlynck@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2013 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1178 EP 1191 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9675-y PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231NT UT WOS:000325424500002 ER PT J AU Risch, AC Haynes, AG Busse, MD Filli, F Schutz, M AF Risch, Anita C. Haynes, Alan G. Busse, Matt D. Filli, Flurin Schuetz, Martin TI The Response of Soil CO2 Fluxes to Progressively Excluding Vertebrate and Invertebrate Herbivores Depends on Ecosystem Type SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE vertebrate herbivores; invertebrate herbivores; consumption; soil temperature; soil moisture; root biomass; soil microbial biomass C; Q(10); exclusion; soil respiration ID GRASSLAND PLANT DIVERSITY; BELOW-GROUND COMMUNITIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; SUB-ALPINE GRASSLANDS; DEER CERVUS-ELAPHUS; RED DEER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SEMIARID STEPPE AB Grasslands support large populations of herbivores and store up to 30% of the world's soil carbon (C). Thus, herbivores likely play an important role in the global C cycle. However, most studies on how herbivory impacts the largest source of C released from grassland soils-soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions-only considered the role of large ungulates. This ignores all other vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores and their collective effects on ecosystem properties. We progressively excluded large, medium, and small vertebrates and invertebrates from two subalpine grasslands (productive, heavily grazed short-grass; less productive, lightly grazed tall-grass) using size-selective fences, assessed the impact on soil CO2 emissions and related biotic and abiotic variables. Exclusion resulted in significant changes in soil CO2 emissions in both vegetation types. Short-grass soil CO2 emissions progressively increased when large and medium mammals were excluded. However, no difference was detected among plots were all or no herbivores grazed. In contrast, tall-grass soil CO2 emissions were not affected by mammal exclusion, but excluding all herbivores lead to reduced emissions. Soil micro-climatic parameters best predicted the patterns of soil CO2 emissions in short-grass vegetation, whereas root biomass was the best predictor of CO2 release in tall-grass vegetation. Our results showed that diverse herbivore communities affect soil respiration differently than assumed from previous studies that only excluded large ungulates. Such information is important if we are to understand how changes in herbivore species composition-as could happen through altered management practices, extinction or invasion-impact grassland C storage and release. C1 [Risch, Anita C.; Haynes, Alan G.; Schuetz, Martin] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Busse, Matt D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Filli, Flurin] Swiss Natl Pk, CH-7530 Zernez, Switzerland. RP Risch, AC (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Zuercherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM anita.risch@wsl.ch RI Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012; OI Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336; Haynes, Alan G/0000-0003-1374-081X FU Swiss National Science Foundation, SNF [31003A_122009/1] FX We would like to thank various employees of the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research and the Swiss National Park as well as numerous interns and volunteers for their help with fence construction, data collection and in the laboratory. Special thanks go to Bigna Stoffel, Vera Baptista, Anna Schweiger, and Annatina Zingg for sorting the roots. We are grateful to the Swiss National Park Service for administrative support of our research and thank Douglas A. Frank, Matthias Albrecht and two anonymous reviewers for their critical remarks and constructive comments on previous versions of this manuscript. This study was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, SNF Grant No. 31003A_122009/1, to ACR, MS and FF. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 73 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2013 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1192 EP 1202 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9676-x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231NT UT WOS:000325424500003 ER PT J AU Cable, JM Ogle, K Barron-Gafford, GA Bentley, LP Cable, WL Scott, RL Williams, DG Huxman, TE AF Cable, Jessica M. Ogle, Kiona Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Bentley, Lisa P. Cable, William L. Scott, Russell L. Williams, David G. Huxman, Travis E. TI Antecedent Conditions Influence Soil Respiration Differences in Shrub and Grass Patches SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ecohydrology; lag effects; pulse response; shrub encroachment; Sonoran desert; temperature sensitivity ID WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SONORAN DESERT; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; PRECIPITATION PULSES; ROOT DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-USE; MODEL AB Quantifying the response of soil respiration to past environmental conditions is critical for predicting how future climate and vegetation change will impact ecosystem carbon balance. Increased shrub dominance in semiarid grasslands has potentially large effects on soil carbon cycling. The goal of this study was to characterize the effect of antecedent moisture and temperature conditions on soil respiration in a grassland now dominated by shrubs. Continuous measurements of soil respiration, soil temperature, and soil moisture were made over the entire summer of 2005 within distinct vegetation microsites in this shrubland community-under grasses, shrubs, and in open spaces. We analyzed these data within a Bayesian framework that allowed us to evaluate the time-scale over which antecedent conditions influence soil respiration. The addition of antecedent conditions explained an additional 16% of the variation in soil respiration. High soil moisture during the preceding month increased respiration rates in both the grass and shrub microsites. However, the time period over which antecedent soil moisture influenced the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was shorter in the shrub compared to the grass microsites (1 vs. 2 weeks, respectively). The depth of moisture was important; for example, for respiration under shrubs, near-surface moisture was more influential on the day of the respiration measurement but subsurface moisture was more influential on the antecedent time scale. Although more mechanistic studies are required, this study is the first to reveal that shrub encroachment changes the time scales over which soil moisture and temperature affect soil respiration. C1 [Cable, Jessica M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ogle, Kiona] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Earthsci B2, Tucson, AZ USA. [Bentley, Lisa P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cable, William L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ USA. [Williams, David G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Williams, David G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. RP Cable, JM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jmcable@alaska.edu RI Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 FU DOE-NICCR Grant; NSF [DEB-0414680]; NSF OPP Grant [0852078] FX This study was supported by a DOE-NICCR Grant awarded to K. Ogle, the field data collection was supported by an NSF Grant (DEB-0414680) awarded to T. Huxman and D. Williams, and J. Cable was supported by an NSF OPP Grant #0852078. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 90 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2013 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1230 EP 1247 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9679-7 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231NT UT WOS:000325424500006 ER PT J AU Fraver, S Milo, AM Bradford, JB D'Amato, AW Kenefic, L Palik, BJ Woodall, CW Brissette, J AF Fraver, Shawn Milo, Amy M. Bradford, John B. D'Amato, Anthony W. Kenefic, Laura Palik, Brian J. Woodall, Christopher W. Brissette, John TI Woody Debris Volume Depletion Through Decay: Implications for Biomass and Carbon Accounting SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; coarse woody debris; deadwood; decay constant; decay rate; decomposition; forest dynamics; forest biomass; forest fuels; habitat structure ID DECOMPOSITION RATE CONSTANTS; DOUGLAS-FIR LOGS; BOREAL FOREST; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; NORWAY SPRUCE; OLD-GROWTH; COARSE; DYNAMICS; RATES; FUNGI AB Woody debris decay rates have recently received much attention because of the need to quantify temporal changes in forest carbon stocks. Published decay rates, available for many species, are commonly used to characterize deadwood biomass and carbon depletion. However, decay rates are often derived from reductions in wood density through time, which when used to model biomass and carbon depletion are known to underestimate rate loss because they fail to account for volume reduction (changes in log shape) as decay progresses. We present a method for estimating changes in log volume through time and illustrate the method using a chronosequence approach. The method is based on the observation, confirmed herein, that decaying logs have a collapse ratio (cross-sectional height/width) that can serve as a surrogate for the volume remaining. Combining the resulting volume loss with concurrent changes in wood density from the same logs then allowed us to quantify biomass and carbon depletion for three study species. Results show that volume, density, and biomass follow distinct depletion curves during decomposition. Volume showed an initial lag period (log dimensions remained unchanged), even while wood density was being reduced. However, once volume depletion began, biomass loss (the product of density and volume depletion) occurred much more rapidly than density alone. At the temporal limit of our data, the proportion of the biomass remaining was roughly half that of the density remaining. Accounting for log volume depletion, as demonstrated in this study, provides a comprehensive characterization of deadwood decomposition, thereby improving biomass-loss and carbon-accounting models. C1 [Fraver, Shawn; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Milo, Amy M.] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kenefic, Laura] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Brissette, John] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Fraver, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM srfraver@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Kenefic, Laura/H-3177-2014 FU US Forest Service Northern Research Station; Joint Fire Science Program [08-1-5-04] FX We thank J. Elioff, A. Elling, D. Kastendick, T. O'Brien, R. Severs, T. Burk, H. Hutchins, and G. Mehmel for alerting us to sites with known tree mortality dates and J. Elioff for assistance in the field. Comments from B. G. Jonsson, M. Russell, two anonymous reviewers, and the subject-matter editor substantially improved the manuscript. Support was provided by the US Forest Service Northern Research Station, and the Joint Fire Science Program (Project 08-1-5-04). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2013 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1262 EP 1272 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9682-z PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231NT UT WOS:000325424500008 ER PT J AU Haavik, LJ Meeker, JR Johnson, W Ryan, K Turgeon, JJ Allison, JD AF Haavik, Laurel J. Meeker, James R. Johnson, Wood Ryan, Kathleen Turgeon, Jean J. Allison, Jeremy D. TI Predicting Sirex noctilio and S. nigricornis emergence using degree days SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE heat unit accumulation; invasive species; European woodwasp; insect phenology; Hymenoptera; Siricidae; cumulative degree-day model; Pinus spp ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT; CALCULATING DEGREE-DAYS; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; SIRICIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; WOODWASP; CERAMBYCIDAE; SIMULATION; PHENOLOGY; ONTARIO AB The study of temporal interactions between native insects and alien invaders can be facilitated by the ability to forecast adult emergence. We used field-collected adult emergence data of Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), a woodwasp native of Eurasia that has recently invaded northeastern North America, and Sirex nigricornis Fabricius, a woodwasp native to North America, to develop and test cumulative degree-day (CDD) models. Five data sets were collected each in Ontario, Canada (S.noctilio) and Louisiana, USA (S.nigricornis) over 4years; three data sets were used to develop models and two were used to test them. Males and females of each species were modelled separately. After testing several potential temperatures, chosen thresholds for CDD were 0 degrees C lower threshold and 25 degrees C upper threshold for both Sirex spp. We used a three-parameter Gompertz growth function to model Sirex spp. emergence against CDD. Models predicted 10% emergence of S.noctilio in Ontario after 1239 and 1280 CDD, for males (start date=1 April; R-2=0.91) and females (start date=1 April; R-2=0.86), respectively. Models predicted 10% emergence of S.nigricornis in Louisiana after 3980 and 5016 CDD, for males (start date=1 May; R-2=0.83) and females (start date=1 March; R-2=0.73), respectively. Cumulative degree-day models predicted 10 and 90% emergence of woodwasp populations with less error (1-13%) than they did 50% emergence (5-27%). For both Sirex spp., male emergence began a few days before and concluded at about the same time as that of females. In southern Ontario, models predict that S.noctilio adults will be in flight between 1015 and 2430 CDD (1 April start date for CDD; from early-July until mid-September). In Louisiana, models predict that S.nigricornis adults will be in flight between 3854 and 4700 CDD (1 May start date for CDD; from early-October until late-November). C1 [Haavik, Laurel J.; Turgeon, Jean J.; Allison, Jeremy D.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Meeker, James R.; Johnson, Wood] ARS, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Ryan, Kathleen] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. RP Haavik, LJ (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Nat Sci & Engn Res Council Canada, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM ljhaavik@gmail.com OI Haavik, Laurel/0000-0002-7749-9095 FU Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR); NRCan; OMNR; USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Protection FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, Taylor Scarr [Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR)] for funding and assistance in locating infested trees in Ontario, Al Foley (OMNR) for access to the Ontario Tree Seed Facility, Sarah Drabble (OMNR), Reg Nott, Chuck Davis, Chuck Jones, and Adam Perez [all Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)] for field assistance in Ontario, as well as Billy Bruce, Chris Steiner, Alex Mangini, Jacob Hudson, and Saul Petty (all USDA Forest Service) for field assistance in Louisiana. This collaborative study was funded in part by NRCan, OMNR, and the USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Protection. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 149 IS 2 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1111/eea.12119 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 230QD UT WOS:000325356200009 ER PT J AU Ismail, Y McCormick, S Hijri, M AF Ismail, Youssef McCormick, Susan Hijri, Mohamed TI The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus irregulare, controls the mycotoxin production of Fusarium sambucinum in the pathogenesis of potato SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE trichothecene resistance; Fusarium sambucinum; mycotoxin; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ID DRY ROT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RESISTANCE; RHIZOSPHERE; EXPRESSION; PLANTS AB Trichothecenes are an important family of mycotoxins produced by several species of the genus Fusarium. These fungi cause serious disease on infected plants and postharvest storage of crops, and the toxins can cause health problems for humans and animals. Unfortunately, there are few methods for controlling mycotoxin production by fungal pathogens, and most rely on chemicals, creating therefore subsequent problems of chemical resistance. We tested the impact of the symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus irregulare on a trichothecene-producing strain of Fusarium sambucinum isolated from naturally infected potato plants. Using dual in vitro cultures, we showed that G.irregulare inhibited the growth of F.sambucinum and significantly reduced the production of the trichothecene 4, 15-diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS). Furthermore, using G. irregulare-colonized potato plants infected with F.sambucinum, we found that the G. irregulare treatment inhibited the production of DAS in roots and tubers. Thus, in addition to the known beneficial effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant growth, we found that G. irregulare controlled the growth of a virulent fungal pathogen and reduced production of a mycotoxin. This previously undescribed, biological control of Fusarium mycotoxin production by G.irregulare has potential implications for improved potato crop production and food safety. C1 [Ismail, Youssef; Hijri, Mohamed] Univ Montreal, Inst Rech Biol Vegetale, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H1X 2B2, Canada. [McCormick, Susan] USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. RP Hijri, M (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Inst Rech Biol Vegetale, Dept Sci Biol, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, PQ H1X 2B2, Canada. EM mohamed.hijri@umontreal.ca OI Hijri, Mohamed/0000-0001-6112-8372 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0378-1097 EI 1574-6968 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 348 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1111/1574-6968.12236 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 234AY UT WOS:000325612500006 PM 23964970 ER PT J AU Wenger, SJ Som, NA Dauwalter, DC Isaak, DJ Neville, HM Luce, CH Dunham, JB Young, MK Fausch, KD Rieman, BE AF Wenger, Seth J. Som, Nicholas A. Dauwalter, Daniel C. Isaak, Daniel J. Neville, Helen M. Luce, Charles H. Dunham, Jason B. Young, Michael K. Fausch, Kurt D. Rieman, Bruce E. TI Probabilistic accounting of uncertainty in forecasts of species distributions under climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bull trout; ensemble; generalized linear model; model uncertainty; Salvelinus confluentus; species distribution model; suitable habitat ID TROUT SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; LINEAR MIXED MODELS; BULL TROUT; BROOK TROUT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HABITAT MODELS; PREDICTION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSFERABILITY AB Forecasts of species distributions under future climates are inherently uncertain, but there have been few attempts to describe this uncertainty comprehensively in a probabilistic manner. We developed a Monte Carlo approach that accounts for uncertainty within generalized linear regression models (parameter uncertainty and residual error), uncertainty among competing models (model uncertainty), and uncertainty in future climate conditions (climate uncertainty) to produce site-specific frequency distributions of occurrence probabilities across a species' range. We illustrated the method by forecasting suitable habitat for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Interior Columbia River Basin, USA, under recent and projected 2040s and 2080s climate conditions. The 95% interval of total suitable habitat under recent conditions was estimated at 30.1-42.5 thousand km; this was predicted to decline to 0.5-7.9 thousand km by the 2080s. Projections for the 2080s showed that the great majority of stream segments would be unsuitable with high certainty, regardless of the climate data set or bull trout model employed. The largest contributor to uncertainty in total suitable habitat was climate uncertainty, followed by parameter uncertainty and model uncertainty. Our approach makes it possible to calculate a full distribution of possible outcomes for a species, and permits ready graphical display of uncertainty for individual locations and of total habitat. C1 [Wenger, Seth J.; Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Som, Nicholas A.; Neville, Helen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA USA. [Isaak, Daniel J.; Luce, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Serv Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. [Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Seeley Lake, MT USA. RP Wenger, SJ (reprint author), Trout Unltd, 322 East Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM sethwenger@fastmail.fm RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 FU US Geological Survey [G09AC00050]; US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; US Geological Survey Northwest Climate Science Center; US Geological Survey Western Region; US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was funded by US Geological Survey Grant G09AC00050 and additional grants and agreements from the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, the US Geological Survey Northwest Climate Science Center, the US Geological Survey Western Region, the US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The fish data used in this study were compiled from multiple sources, including a previous database of sites in the range of westslope cutthroat trout (Rieman et al., 1999), which included data from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game's General Parr Monitoring database and other sources. Additional data were provided by Bart Gammett of the Salmon-Challis National Forest, Joseph Benjamin of the US Geological Survey, Kevin Meyer of the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Brad Shepard of the Wildlife Conservation Society. Use of trade or firm names in this manuscript is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the US Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of federal agencies. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/). NR 75 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 82 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 19 IS 11 BP 3343 EP 3354 DI 10.1111/gcb.12294 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233KL UT WOS:000325567100010 PM 23765608 ER PT J AU Loudermilk, EL Scheller, RM Weisberg, PJ Yang, J Dilts, TE Karam, SL Skinner, C AF Loudermilk, E. Louise Scheller, Robert M. Weisberg, Peter J. Yang, Jian Dilts, Thomas E. Karam, Sarah L. Skinner, Carl TI Carbon dynamics in the future forest: the importance of long-term successional legacy and climate-fire interactions SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; climate change; fire; LANDIS-II; landscape legacy; model; net ecosystem carbon balance; soil ID LAKE TAHOE BASIN; NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; LANDSCAPE SIMULATION-MODEL; FUEL-REDUCTION TREATMENTS; TREE SPECIES MIGRATION; LAND-USE; WESTERN US; CALIFORNIA; TEMPERATURE AB Understanding how climate change may influence forest carbon (C) budgets requires knowledge of forest growth relationships with regional climate, long-term forest succession, and past and future disturbances, such as wildfires and timber harvesting events. We used a landscape-scale model of forest succession, wildfire, and C dynamics (LANDIS-II) to evaluate the effects of a changing climate (A2 and B1 IPCC emissions; Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory General Circulation Models) on total forest C, tree species composition, and wildfire dynamics in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California, and Nevada. The independent effects of temperature and precipitation were assessed within and among climate models. Results highlight the importance of modeling forest succession and stand development processes at the landscape scale for understanding the C cycle. Due primarily to landscape legacy effects of historic logging of the Comstock Era in the late 1880s, C sequestration may continue throughout the current century, and the forest will remain a C sink (Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance>0), regardless of climate regime. Climate change caused increases in temperatures limited simulated C sequestration potential because of augmented fire activity and reduced establishment ability of subalpine and upper montane trees. Higher temperatures influenced forest response more than reduced precipitation. As the forest reached its potential steady state, the forest could become C neutral or a C source, and climate change could accelerate this transition. The future of forest ecosystem C cycling in many forested systems worldwide may depend more on major disturbances and landscape legacies related to land use than on projected climate change alone. C1 [Loudermilk, E. Louise; Scheller, Robert M.] Portland State Univ, Environm Sci & Management Dept, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Weisberg, Peter J.; Yang, Jian; Dilts, Thomas E.; Karam, Sarah L.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Skinner, Carl] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Loudermilk, EL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM elloudermilk@fs.fed.us RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009 FU Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act, Bureau of Lands Management; USDA Forest Service; Pacific Southwest Research Station FX Funding was provided by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act, Bureau of Lands Management. The down-scaled projected climate data were provided by Bob Coats and associates, University of California-Davis. We thank the USDA Forest Service, especially the Pacific Southwest Research Station for their support, specifically Jonathan Long and Tiffany van Huysen. Researchers, and managers of the Lake Tahoe Basin have been integral to this project, providing feedback at local workshops and meetings. We thank Portland State University (PSU) and University of Nevada-Reno for their administrative support. The research team of the Dynamic Ecosystems and Landscapes Lab at PSU was especially important for the success of this project. NR 72 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 108 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 19 IS 11 BP 3502 EP 3515 DI 10.1111/gcb.12310 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233KL UT WOS:000325567100023 PM 23821586 ER PT J AU Roelvink, J Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Roelvink, Jochem Trabelsi, Samir Nelson, Stuart O. TI A Planar Transmission-Line Sensor for Measuring the Microwave Permittivity of Liquid and Semisolid Biological Materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Dielectric measurements; measurement techniques; microwave measurements; permittivity; transmission line measurements ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; MOISTURE; GRAIN; CALIBRATION; RESONATORS; PARAMETERS; CONSTANT; GHZ AB A planar transmission-line configuration for rapid, nondestructive, wideband permittivity measurements of liquid and semisolid materials at microwave frequencies is described. The transmission-line propagation constant of the proposed configuration is determined with the multiline technique from scattering parameter measurements of two lines with a known length difference. Guidelines for the appropriate selection of the line dimensions and a technique for resolving the phase ambiguity associated with the multiline technique are presented. The material permittivity is related to the propagation constant by closed-form expressions that allow the permittivity to be determined by a relatively simple numerical inversion procedure. The proposed sensor has the advantage of not requiring the sample to have uniform edges, nor that they are perpendicular to the planar line. The technique used for determining the line propagation constant has the advantage of not requiring any transmission-line discontinuities to be explicitly modeled. To illustrate the technique, a coplanar waveguide transmission-line sensor was fabricated and used to measure the permittivity of six liquids and four gelatin samples from 1 to 5 GHz. These measurements agree very well with coaxial-line probe measurements, demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed configuration. The sensitivity of the results to dimensional tolerances is demonstrated. C1 [Roelvink, Jochem; Trabelsi, Samir; Nelson, Stuart O.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Roelvink, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM j.roelvink@ieee.org NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 62 IS 11 BP 2974 EP 2982 DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2265453 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 236SS UT WOS:000325820200012 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Bermudez, LE AF Bannantine, John P. Bermudez, Luiz E. TI No Holes Barred: Invasion of the Intestinal Mucosa by Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Review ID FIBRONECTIN ATTACHMENT PROTEIN; BOVINE EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ACTIVATES DENDRITIC CELLS; SSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; JOHNES-DISEASE; PEYERS-PATCHES; INFECTION; CATTLE; ENTEROCYTES AB The infection biology of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has recently crystallized, with added details surrounding intestinal invasion. The involvement of pathogen-derived effector proteins such as the major membrane protein, oxidoreductase, and fibronectin attachment proteins have been uncovered. Mutations constructed in this pathogen have also shed light on genes needed for invasion. The host cell types that are susceptible to invasion have been defined, along with their transcriptional response. Recent details have given a new appreciation for the dynamic interplay between the host and bacterium that occurs at the outset of infection. An initial look at the global expression pathways of the host has shown a circumvention of the cell communication pathway by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, which loosens the integrity of the tight junctions. We now know that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis activates the epithelial layer and also actively recruits macrophages to the site of infection. These notable findings are summarized along with added mechanistic details of the early infection model. We conclude by proposing critical next steps to further elucidate the process of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis invasion. C1 [Bannantine, John P.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Bermudez, Luiz E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bermudez, Luiz E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM john.bannantine@ars.usda.gov OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 EI 1098-5522 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 81 IS 11 BP 3960 EP 3965 DI 10.1128/IAI.00575-13 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 235LI UT WOS:000325719900001 PM 23940208 ER PT J AU Briggs, RE Hauglund, MJ Maheswaran, SK Tatum, FM AF Briggs, Robert E. Hauglund, Melissa J. Maheswaran, Samuel K. Tatum, Fred M. TI Bivalent vaccination against pneumonic pasteurellosis in domestic sheep and goats with modified-live in-frame lktA deletion mutants of Mannheimia haemolytica SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Mannheimia haemolytica; Respiratory disease; Vaccination; Leukotoxin; Pneumonia ID BOVINE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; TRANSPORTED CALVES; BIGHORN SHEEP; SEROTYPE-1; CATTLE AB A temperature-sensitive shuttle vector, pBB80C, was utilized to generate in-frame deletion mutants of the leukotoxin structural gene (lktA) of Mannheimia haemolytica serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 12. Culture supernatants from the mutants contained a truncated protein with an approximate molecular weight of 66 kDa which was reactive to anti-leukotoxin monoclonal antibody. No protein reactive to anti-LktA monoclonal antibody was detected at the molecular weight 100-105 kDa of native LktA. Sheep and goats vaccinated intramuscularly with a mixture of serotypes 5 and 6 mutants were resistant to virulent challenge with a mixture of the wild-type parent strains. These vaccinates responded serologically to both vaccine serotypes and exhibited markedly-reduced lung lesion volume and pulmonary infectious load compared to control animals. Control animals yielded a mixture of serotypes from lung lobes, but the proportion even within an individual animal varied widely from 95% serotype 5-95% serotype 6. Cultures recovered from liver were homogeneous, but two animals yielded serotype 5 and the other two yielded serotype 6 in pure culture. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Briggs, Robert E.; Hauglund, Melissa J.; Tatum, Fred M.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Maheswaran, Samuel K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Biosci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Briggs, RE (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM robert.briggs@ars.usda.gov FU Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation, Peoria, IL FX This work was supported by the Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation, Peoria, IL. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 64 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.08.004 PG 5 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 234WB UT WOS:000325673900007 PM 24021458 ER PT J AU Lin, BH Wendt, M Guthrie, JF AF Lin, Biing-Hwan Wendt, Minh Guthrie, Joanne F. TI Impact on energy, sodium and dietary fibre intakes of vegetables prepared at home and away from home in the USA SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Nutrient intake; Vegetable consumption ID FRUIT; CONSUMPTION AB Objective: To examine how increasing vegetable consumption from foods prepared at home (FAH) and foods prepared away from home (FAFH) would impact energy, dietary fibre and Na (sodium) intakes in the USA. Design: Using data from the 2003-2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, dietary intake data from two separate days were fitted with a first-difference (fixed-effects) model. Vegetables consumed from all sources, including mixed foods and juices, were disaggregated and expressed as amounts equivalent to one cup of whole vegetables. Setting: Nationally representative sample of the US population. Subjects: Individuals aged 2 years and above reporting 2 d of dietary intake data in 2003-2004 (n 7647). Results: Holding constant the total amount of food consumed, consuming an additional cup of tomatoes and potatoes from FAFH increases energy intake by respectively 1522 and 665 kJ, as compared with 246 and 367 kJ for FAH. Each additional cup of tomatoes from FAH is associated with an additional 179 mg of Na, compared with 113 mg for FAFH. All vegetable consumption increases fibre intake, except for potatoes and tomatoes from FAFH. Dark green and orange vegetables from FAH add the largest amount of fibre (1.38 g/cup). Conclusions: Because US consumers frequently consume vegetables as part of mixed foods that add energy and Na, heavier consumption of vegetables as currently prepared raises the energy content and Na density of the overall diet. This is particularly true for vegetables prepared away from home. C1 [Lin, Biing-Hwan; Guthrie, Joanne F.] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Wendt, Minh] US Dept HHS, Off Minor Hlth, Rockville, MD USA. RP Lin, BH (reprint author), ERS, USDA, 4th Floor,355 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM blin@ers.usda.gov FU US Government FX B.-H.L. and J.F.G. are respectively an economist and a nutritionist at the Economic Research Service, USDA and M.W. is a policy analyst with US Department of Human and Health Services. The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and cannot be attributed to the US Department of Agriculture or the US Department of Health and Human Services. The authors are employees of the US Government and the project was entirely funded by the US Government. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 EI 1475-2727 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1937 EP 1943 DI 10.1017/S1368980013001602 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 235EA UT WOS:000325697700005 PM 23830010 ER PT J AU Deshmukh-Taskar, P Nicklas, TA Radcliffe, JD O'Neil, CE Liu, Y AF Deshmukh-Taskar, Priya Nicklas, Theresa A. Radcliffe, John D. O'Neil, Carol E. Liu, Yan TI The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, other cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in young adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): 1999-2006 SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Young adults; Breakfast; Adiposity; Cardiometabolic risk factors; NHANES ID BODY-MASS INDEX; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; ENERGY-INTAKE; DIET QUALITY; US ADULTS; CONSUMPTION; MEN; GLUCOSE; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION AB Objective: To examine the association between breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, other cardio-metabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Design: Cross-sectional. Three breakfast groups were identified, breakfast skippers (BS), ready-to-eat-cereal (RTEC) consumers and other breakfast (OB) consumers, using a 24 h dietary recall. Risk factors were compared between the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted statistical procedures. Setting: The 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, USA. Subjects: Young adults (20-39 years of age). Results: Among these young adults (n 5316), 23.8% were BS, 16.5% were RTEC consumers and 59.7% were OB consumers. Relative to the BS, the RTEC consumers were 31 %, 39 %, 37 %, 28 %, 23%, 40% and 42% less likely to be overweight/obese or have abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated serum LDL-cholesterol, reduced serum HDL-cholesterol or elevated serum insulin, respectively. Relative to the OB consumers, the BS were 1.24, 1.26 and 1.44 times more likely to have elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated serum LDL-cholesterol or reduced serum HDL-cholesterol, respectively. Relative to the OB consumers, the RTEC consumers were 22 %, 31% and 24% less likely to be overweight/obese or have abdominal obesity or elevated blood pressure, respectively. No difference was seen in the prevalence of the MetS by breakfast skipping or type of breakfast consumed. Conclusions: Results suggest that consumption of breakfast, especially that included an RTEC, was associated with an improved cardiometabolic risk profile in US young adults. Additional studies are needed to determine the nature of these relationships. C1 [Deshmukh-Taskar, Priya; Nicklas, Theresa A.; Liu, Yan] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Deshmukh-Taskar, Priya; Radcliffe, John D.] Texas Womans Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Houston, TX USA. [O'Neil, Carol E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Human Ecol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Nicklas, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tnicklas@bcm.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [586250-6-003]; USDA Hatch Project [LAB 93951] FX This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture/ Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. Sources of funding: This research project was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service through specific cooperative agreement 586250-6-003. Partial support was received from the USDA Hatch Project LAB 93951. Conflicts of interest: The funding agencies had no role in the study design, analyses or preparation of the manuscript. The authors have no conflict of interest to report. Authors' contributions: P. D.-T. conceptualized and designed the study, performed the initial statistical analyses, interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript; T. A. N. and J. D. R. conceptualized and designed the study and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript; C. E. O'. N. critically reviewed and revised the manuscript; Y. L. acquired the data, performed additional statistical analyses and provided statistical support. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 10 U2 37 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 EI 1475-2727 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2073 EP 2082 DI 10.1017/S1368980012004296 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 235EA UT WOS:000325697700021 PM 23031568 ER PT J AU Maharjan, B Venterea, RT AF Maharjan, Bijesh Venterea, Rodney T. TI Nitrite intensity explains N management effects on N2O emissions in maize SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Nitrous oxide; Greenhouse gas; Corn; Nitrate; Urea; Dicyandiamide ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; NITRIFIER DENITRIFICATION; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; KINETICS; NITRIFICATION; AMMONIA; OXIDATION; CORN; TRANSFORMATIONS AB It is typically assumed that the dependence of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions on soil nitrogen (N) availability is best quantified in terms of ammonium (NH4+) and/or nitrate (NO3-) concentrations. In contrast, nitrite (NO2-) is seldom measured separately from NO3- despite its role as a central substrate in N2O production. We examined the effects of three N fertilizer sources and two placement methods on N2O and N dynamics in maize over two growing seasons. Cumulative N2O emissions were well-correlated with NO2- intensity (NO21) but not with NO3- (NO3I) or NH4+ (NH4I) intensity. By itself, NO21 explained more than 44% of the overall variance in N2O. Treatment effects on N2O and NO21 were similar. When conventional urea (U) was applied using mid-row banding (MRB), both N2O and NO21 increased by a factor of about 2 compared to broadcast/incorporated (BI). When polymer-coated urea (PCU) was the N source, MRB placement increased both N2O and NO21 compared to BI only in the wetter of the two years. When urea with microbial inhibitors (IU) was the N source, N2O and NO21 were lowest across both years and were less affected by placement than U or PCU. A 50/50 mix of IU and U reduced N2O and NO21 compared to U alone, suggesting that a mixed N source may provide an economical N2O mitigation strategy. Our results show that practices which reduce NO accumulation have the potential to also reduce N2O emissions, and that separate consideration of NO3- and NO dynamics can provide more insight than their combined dynamics as typically quantified. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Maharjan, Bijesh; Venterea, Rodney T.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Venterea, Rodney T.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM venterea@umn.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 FU USDA CSREES/NIFA Air Quality Program [2009-55112-05216]; International Plant Nutrition Institute's Foundation for Agronomic Research; Agricultural Research Service of the USDA; GRACEnet Project FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Michael Dolan, Jason Leonard, and Thomas Warnke, the statistical advice of Jeffrey Coulter, and the very helpful suggestions of an anonymous reviewer. This work was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2009-55112-05216 from the USDA CSREES/NIFA Air Quality Program, the International Plant Nutrition Institute's Foundation for Agronomic Research, and the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA as part of the GRACEnet Project. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 98 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 66 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.015 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 234SU UT WOS:000325665400029 ER PT J AU Massei, G Miller, LA AF Massei, Giovanna Miller, Lowell A. TI Nonsurgical fertility control for managing free-roaming dog populations: A review of products and criteria for field applications SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Contraception; Dog population management; Fertility inhibitors; GnRH agonists; Immunocontraception; Sterilants ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; INTRATESTICULAR INJECTION; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; BRUSHTAIL POSSUMS; ZINC GLUCONATE; ESTROUS CYCLES; ZONA-PELLUCIDA; DOMESTIC DOGS; GNRH AGONIST AB About 75% of dogs worldwide are free to roam and reproduce, thus creating locally over-abundant populations. Problems caused by roaming dogs include diseases transmitted to livestock and humans, predation on livestock, attacks on humans, road traffic accidents, and nuisance behavior. Nonsurgical fertility control is increasingly advocated as more cost-effective than surgical sterilization to manage dog populations and their impact. The aims of this review were to I) analyze trends in numbers of scientific publications on nonsurgical fertility control for dogs; 2) illustrate the spectrum of fertility inhibitors available for dogs; 3) examine how differences between confined and free-roaming dogs might affect the choice of fertility inhibitors to be used in dog population management; and 4) provide a framework of criteria to guide decisions regarding the use of nonsurgical fertility control for dog population management. The results showed that the 117 articles published between 1982 and 2011 focussed on long-term hormonal contraceptives, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, immunocontraceptives, and male chemical sterilants. The number of articles published biennially increased from one to five papers produced in the early 1980s to 10 to 20 in the past decade. Differences between confined dogs and free-roaming dogs include reproduction and survival as well as social expectations regarding the duration of infertility, the costs of sterilization, and the responsibilities for meeting these costs. These differences are likely to dictate which fertility inhibitors will be used for confined or free-roaming dogs. The criteria regarding the use of fertility control for dog population management, presented as a decision tree, covered social acceptance, animal welfare, effectiveness, legal compliance, feasibility, and sustainability. The review concluded that the main challenges for the future are evaluating the feasibility, effectiveness, sustainability, and effects of mass nonsurgical sterilization campaigns on dog population size and impact as well as integrating nonsurgical fertility control with disease vaccination and public education programs. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Massei, Giovanna] Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, Natl Wildlife Management Ctr, York YO26 5LE, N Yorkshire, England. [Miller, Lowell A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Massei, G (reprint author), Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, Natl Wildlife Management Ctr, York YO26 5LE, N Yorkshire, England. EM giovanna.massei@ahvla.gsi.gov.uk RI APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Massei, Giovanna/B-8781-2016 NR 81 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD NOV PY 2013 VL 80 IS 8 BP 829 EP 838 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.016 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 231UV UT WOS:000325444800001 PM 23998740 ER PT J AU Pelaez-Samaniego, MR Yadama, V Lowell, E Espinoza-Herrera, R AF Raul Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel Yadama, Vikram Lowell, Eini Espinoza-Herrera, Raul TI A review of wood thermal pretreatments to improve wood composite properties SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HEAT-TREATED WOOD; MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD; HOT-WATER EXTRACTION; SPRUCE PICEA-ABIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; HEMICELLULOSE EXTRACTION; DIMENSIONAL STABILITY; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; BINDERLESS FIBERBOARD AB The objective of this paper is to review the published literature on improving properties of wood composites through thermal pretreatment of wood. Thermal pretreatment has been conducted in moist environments using hot water or steam at temperatures up to 180 and 230 A degrees C, respectively, or in dry environments using inert gases at temperatures up to 240 A degrees C. In these conditions, hemicelluloses are removed, crystallinity index of cellulose is increased, and cellulose degree of polymerization is reduced, while lignin is not considerably affected. Thermally modified wood has been used to manufacture wood-plastic composites, particleboard, oriented strand board, binderless panels, fiberboard, waferboard, and flakeboard. Thermal pretreatment considerably reduced water absorption and thickness swelling of wood composites, which has been attributed mainly to the removal of hemicelluloses. Mechanical properties have been increased or sometimes reduced, depending on the product and the conditions of the pretreatment. Thermal pretreatment has also shown to improve the resistance of composites to decay. C1 [Raul Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Raul Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel] Univ Cuenca, Fac Chem Sci, Cuenca, Ecuador. [Yadama, Vikram] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Yadama, Vikram] Washington State Univ, Composite Mat & Engn Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lowell, Eini] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. [Espinoza-Herrera, Raul] Univ Michoacana, Fac Wood Technol, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Yadama, V (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Composite Mat & Engn Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM vyadama@wsu.edu OI Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel Raul/0000-0002-7618-9474 FU USDA Forest Service Research and Development Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts; Fulbright Faculty Development Program Scholarship FX This project was funded through the USDA Forest Service Research and Development Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts 2009 Grant Program. M.R. Pelaez-Samaniego acknowledges the Fulbright Faculty Development Program Scholarship. NR 259 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 110 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0043-7719 EI 1432-5225 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1319 DI 10.1007/s00226-013-0574-3 PG 35 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 235IC UT WOS:000325709800013 ER PT J AU Brewster, JD Paoli, GC AF Brewster, Jeffrey D. Paoli, George C. TI DNA extraction protocol for rapid PCR detection of pathogenic bacteria SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DNA extraction; PCR; Bacteria; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Listeria monocytogenes ID REAL-TIME PCR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FOOD SAMPLES; GENOMIC DNA; KITS AB Twelve reagents were evaluated to develop a direct DNA extraction method suitable for PCR detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Many reagents exhibited strong PCR inhibition, requiring significant dilution of the extract with a corresponding reduction in sensitivity. Most reagents also exhibited much lower recovery of DNA from the gram-positive test organism (Listeria monocytogenes) than from the gram-negative organism (Escherichia coli O157:H7), preventing unbiased detection and quantitation of both organisms. The 5 x HotSHOT + Tween reagent exhibited minimal inhibition and high extraction efficiency for both test organisms, providing a 15-min single-tube DNA-extraction protocol suitable for highly sensitive quantitative PCR assays. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Brewster, Jeffrey D.; Paoli, George C.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. RP Brewster, JD (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. EM jeffrey.brewster@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 57 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 EI 1096-0309 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 442 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2013.07.013 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 225OL UT WOS:000324972100014 PM 23872000 ER PT J AU Zhu, HH Bhadelia, RA Liu, ZH Vu, L Li, HJ Scott, T Bergethon, P Mwamburi, M Rosenzweig, JL Rosenberg, I Qiu, WQ AF Zhu, Haihao Bhadelia, Rafeeque A. Liu, Zhiheng Vu, Linh Li, Huajie Scott, Tammy Bergethon, Peter Mwamburi, Mkaya Rosenzweig, James L. Rosenberg, Irwine Qiu, Wei Qiao TI The Association Between Small Vessel Infarcts and the Activities of Amyloid-beta Peptide Degrading Proteases in Apolipoprotein E4 AlleleCarriers SO ANGIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE small vessel brain infarct; apolipoprotein E4 allele; substrate V degradation ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; A-BETA; PRECURSOR PROTEIN; CEREBRAL-HEMORRHAGE; ANGIOPATHY; ENZYME; BRAIN; DIAGNOSIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ACCUMULATION AB Small vessel (SV) and large vessel (LV) brain infarcts are distinct pathologies. Using a homebound elderly sample, the numbers of either infarct subtypes were similar between those apolipoprotein E4 allele (ApoE4) carriers (n = 80) and noncarriers (n = 243). We found that the higher the number of SV infarcts, but not LV infarcts, a participant had, the higher the activity of substrate V degradation in serum especially among ApoE4 carriers ( = +0.154, SE = 0.031, P < .0001) after adjusting for the confounders. Since substrate V degradation could be mediated by insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) or/and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), but no relationship was found between SV infarcts and specific ACE activities, blood IDE may be a useful biomarker to distinguish the brain infarct subtypes. Insulin-degrading enzyme in blood may also imply an important biomarker and a pathological event in Alzheimer disease through SV infarcts in the presence of ApoE4. C1 [Zhu, Haihao; Vu, Linh; Li, Huajie; Qiu, Wei Qiao] Boston Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Bhadelia, Rafeeque A.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Liu, Zhiheng] Second Peoples Hosp Shenzhen, Dept Anesthesiol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Scott, Tammy] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Scott, Tammy; Rosenberg, Irwine] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bergethon, Peter; Qiu, Wei Qiao] Boston Univ, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Mwamburi, Mkaya] Tufts Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rosenzweig, James L.] Boston Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Qiu, Wei Qiao] Boston Univ, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Qiu, WQ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Med Campus,72 East Concord St,R-623D, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM wqiu67@bu.edu FU NIA [AG-022476, AG-21790]; General Clinical Research Center; National Center for Research Resources of the NIH [MO1-RR00054] FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by grants from NIA, AG-022476 for W.Q.Q and AG-21790 for I.R. Support was also provided through the General Clinical Research Center funded by the National Center for Research Resources of the NIH under grant no. MO1-RR00054. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0003-3197 J9 ANGIOLOGY JI Angiology PD NOV PY 2013 VL 64 IS 8 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1177/0003319712462125 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 227UL UT WOS:000325140500009 PM 23076436 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC Richter, D Alkan, Z AF Hawkes, Wayne Chris Richter, Diane Alkan, Zeynep TI Dietary Selenium Supplementation and Whole Blood Gene Expression in Healthy North American Men SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Supplementation; Gene expression; T lymphocyte; Natural killer cell; Microarray ID REDOX REGULATION; REACTIVE OXYGEN; GRANULE EXOCYTOSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SELENOPROTEIN-W; THYROID-HORMONE; MUSCLE-CELLS; VITAMIN-E; NK CELLS; PROTEIN AB Selenium (Se) is a trace nutrient required in microgram amounts, with a recommended dietary allowance of 55 mu g/day in humans. The nutritional functions of Se are performed by a group of 25 selenoproteins containing the unusual amino acid selenocysteine at their active sites. The selenoproteins with known activities are oxidation-reduction enzymes with roles in antioxidant protection, redox homeostasis and signaling, and thyroid hormone metabolism. Both deficiencies and excesses of Se are associated with impaired innate and adaptive immune responses. We supplemented 16 healthy men for 1 year with 300 mu g Se/day as high-Se yeast or placebo yeast and measured whole blood gene expression with DNA microarrays before and after supplementation. Protein phosphorylation was the main biological process in common among the Se-responsive genes, which included a prominent cluster of protein kinases, suggesting that protein phosphorylation in leukocytes is sensitive to Se supplementation. We found highly ranked clusters of genes associated with RNA processing and protein transport, suggesting that dietary Se may regulate protein expression in leukocytes at both the posttranscriptional and posttranslational levels. The main functional pathway affected by Se supplementation was FAS apoptosis signaling, and expression of genes associated with T cell and natural killer cell cytotoxicity was increased. At the same time, the numbers of circulating natural killer and T cells expressing activation markers decreased. These changes are consistent with an anti-inflammatory effect of Se supplementation exerted through regulation of protein phosphorylation. C1 [Hawkes, Wayne Chris; Alkan, Zeynep] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Richter, Diane] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hawkes, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 West Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wayne.hawkes@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture CRIS Project [5306-51530-009-00D, 5306-51530-018-00D]; NCI Cancer Center Support Grant [P30 CA93373] FX U.S. Department of Agriculture CRIS Project Nos. 5306-51530-009-00D and 5306-51530-018-00D supported this research. The authors gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of the Human Studies Unit of WHNRC and the clinical staff of the UC Davis Cowell Student Health Center for their assistance with the conduct of this study. The UC Davis Cancer Center Gene Expression Resource supported by NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA93373 performed the microarray labeling, hybridizations, and scanning. Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the University of California, nor does it imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. The opinions expressed herein represent those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the University of California. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 32 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 155 IS 2 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s12011-013-9786-5 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 227HL UT WOS:000325103100006 PM 23955482 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Rubio, L Martinez, B Donovan, DM Rodriguez, A Garcia, P AF Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena Martinez, Beatriz Donovan, David M. Rodriguez, Ana Garcia, Pilar TI Bacteriophage virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases: potential new enzybiotics SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Phage lytic proteins; antimicrobials; phage therapy; biocontrol ID TAPE MEASURE PROTEIN; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CELL-WALL; LYTIC ENZYME; VIRAL MEMBRANE; PHAGE THERAPY; INFECTION; TAIL; PATHOGENS; LYSIN AB Virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases (VAPGH) are phage-encoded lytic enzymes that locally degrade the peptidoglycan (PG) of the bacterial cell wall during infection. In contrast to endolysins, PGHs that mediate lysis of the host bacteria at the end of the lytic cycle to release of phage progeny, the action of VAPGHs generates a small hole through which the phage tail tube crosses the cell envelope to eject the phage genetic material at the beginning to the infection cycle. The antimicrobial activity of VAPGHs was first discovered through the observation of the phenomenon of 'lysis from without', in which the disruption of the bacterial cell wall occurs prior to phage production and is caused by a high number of phages adsorbed onto the cell surface. Based on a unique combination of properties of VAPGHs such as high specificity, remarkable thermostability, and a modular organization, these proteins are potential candidates as new antibacterial agents, e. g. against antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human therapy and veterinary as well as biopreservatives in food safety, and as biocontrol agents of harmful bacteria in agriculture. This review provides an overview of the different VAPGHs discovered to date and their potential as novel antimicrobials. C1 [Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena; Martinez, Beatriz; Rodriguez, Ana; Garcia, Pilar] CSIC, IPLA, Paseo Rio Linares Sn Vil, Villaviciosa, Spain. [Donovan, David M.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Garcia, P (reprint author), CSIC, IPLA, Paseo Rio Linares Sn Vil, Villaviciosa, Spain. EM pgarcia@ipla.csic.es RI Garcia, Pilar/H-2544-2012; Rodriguez, Ana/H-4846-2012; Martinez, Beatriz/H-2953-2012; Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena/D-2888-2017 OI Garcia, Pilar/0000-0003-1213-8165; Rodriguez, Ana/0000-0002-1577-9905; Martinez, Beatriz/0000-0001-7692-1963; Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena/0000-0002-7846-4791 FU Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain [AGL2009-13144-C02-01]; Science, Technology and Innovation Programme, Principado de Asturias, Spain [IB08-052]; CSIC, Spain [PIE200970I090]; bacteriophage network FAGOMA; National Institutes of Health [1RO1AI075077-01A1]; National Research Initiative [2007-35204-18395]; US State Dept funds FX This research study was supported by grants AGL2009-13144-C02-01 (Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain), IB08-052 (Science, Technology and Innovation Programme, Principado de Asturias, Spain), PIE200970I090 (CSIC, Spain), bacteriophage network FAGOMA, National Institutes of Health, grant 1RO1AI075077-01A1 (DMD), National Research Initiative grant 2007-35204-18395 (DMD) and US State Dept funds (DMD). L. R-R. is a fellow of the Science, Technology and Innovation Programme (Principado de Asturias, Spain). Mentioning of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 60 TC 24 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 47 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1040-841X J9 CRIT REV MICROBIOL JI Crit. Rev. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 39 IS 4 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.3109/1040841X.2012.723675 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 231GK UT WOS:000325403700007 PM 22991936 ER PT J AU Tiwari, RS Picchioni, GA Steiner, RL Jones, DC Hughs, SE Zhang, JF AF Tiwari, Rashmi Sharma Picchioni, Geno A. Steiner, Robert L. Jones, Don C. Hughs, S. E. Zhang, Jinfa TI Genetic variation in salt tolerance at the seedling stage in an interspecific backcross inbred line population of cultivated tetraploid cotton SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Salt tolerance; Interspecific hybrid; Backcross inbred population ID GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE COTTON; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION; MOLECULAR DISSECTION; HORDEUM-VULGARE; NACL TOLERANCE; UPLAND COTTON; SELF APPROACH; SALINITY; HIRSUTUM AB Soil salinity reduces cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality and has become a serious problem in the arid southwestern region of the Unites States. Development and planting of salt-tolerant cultivars could ameliorate the deleterious effects. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variation of salt tolerance and identify salt tolerant genotypes in a backcross inbred line (BIL) population of 142 lines from a cross of Upland (Gossypium hirsutum) x Pima cotton (G. barbadense) at the seedling growth stage. As compared with the non-saline (control) conditions, seedlings under the salinity stress (200 mM NaCl) showed a significant reduction in all the plant growth characteristics measured, as expected. Even though the two parents did not differ in salt response as measured by percent reduction, significant genotype variations in the BIL population were detected for all traits except for leaf number. Based on percent reduction of the traits measured, several BILs were more salt tolerant than both parents. The results indicate that transgressive segregation occurred during the process of backcrossing and selfing even though both parents were not salt tolerant during seedling growth. Coefficients of correlation between all the traits were significantly positive, indicating an association between the traits measured. The estimates of broad-sense heritability were 0.69, 0.46, 0.47, 0.43, and 0.49 for plant height, fresh weight of shoot and root, and dry weight of shoot and root, respectively, indicating that salt tolerance during cotton seedling growth is moderately heritable and environmental variation plays an equally important role. The overall results demonstrate that backcrossing followed by repeated self-pollination is a successful strategy to enhance salt tolerance at the seedling stage by transferring genetic factors from Pima to Upland cotton. C1 [Tiwari, Rashmi Sharma; Picchioni, Geno A.; Zhang, Jinfa] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Steiner, Robert L.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Econ Appl Stat & Int Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Jones, Don C.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Hughs, S. E.] USDA ARS, Southwestern Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, MSC 3Q,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jinzhang@nmsu.edu FU USDA-ARS; Cotton Incorporated; New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station FX The research was funded by USDA-ARS, Cotton Incorporated and New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station. Brian Barrick provided assistance in the study. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2013 VL 194 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s10681-013-0927-x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 226BZ UT WOS:000325010600001 ER PT J AU Fang, H Zhou, HP Sanogo, S Flynn, R Percy, RG Hughs, SE Ulloa, M Jones, DC Zhang, JF AF Fang, Hui Zhou, Huiping Sanogo, Soum Flynn, Robert Percy, Richard G. Hughs, Sidney E. Ulloa, Mauricio Jones, Don C. Zhang, Jinfa TI Quantitative trait locus mapping for Verticillium wilt resistance in a backcross inbred line population of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum x Gossypium barbadense) based on RGA-AFLP analysis SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Tetraploid cotton; Verticillium wilt resistance; Linkage map; Backcross inbred lines; Quantitative trait loci (QTL) ID CULTIVATED TETRAPLOID COTTON; GENOME STRUCTURE; FIBER QUALITY; G. BARBADENSE; GENE ANALOGS; LINKAGE MAP; ALBO-ATRUM; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS; DAHLIAE AB Verticillium wilt (VW), caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is one of the most important diseases in cotton. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring VW resistance using resistance gene analog (RGA)-targeted amplified fragment length polymorphism (RGA-AFLP) markers in an interspecific backcross inbred line mapping population, consisting of 146 lines from a susceptible Sure-Grow 747 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) x resistant Pima S-7 (G. barbadense L.) cross. VW resistance was evaluated in replicated tests based on disease incidence in the field, and disease incidence and severity in the greenhouse. Of 160 polymorphic RGA-AFLP markers, 42 were significantly correlated with one or more VW traits and 41 were placed on a linkage map which covered 1,226 cM of the cotton genome and contained 251 other molecular markers. Three QTLs for VW resistance were detected, each of which explained 12.0-18.6 % of the phenotypic variation. Two of these QTLs for disease incidence and severity detected in the greenhouse inoculation tests using root wounding are located on chromosome c4. Both are closely linked to four RGA-AFLP markers and therefore considered as the same QTL for VW resistance. The other QTL detected in the field test was located on c19 and flanked by several RGA-AFLP markers. The desirable QTL allele on c4 for VW resistance detected in the greenhouse was from the VW susceptible Upland parent and absent from the resistant Pima parent which was more VW susceptible due to the disarmament of the first line of defense mechanism due to root wounding during inoculation. The other desirable VW resistance QTL allele, on c19, was from the resistant parent Pima S-7, consistent with the fact that Pima cotton was more resistant to VW when naturally infected in the field. The results should facilitate the development of more sequence specific markers and the transfer of VW resistance from Pima to Upland cotton through marker-assisted selection. C1 [Fang, Hui; Zhou, Huiping; Zhang, Jinfa] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Sanogo, Soum] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Flynn, Robert] New Mexico State Univ, Artesia Agr Sci Ctr, Artesia, NM 88210 USA. [Percy, Richard G.] USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Hughs, Sidney E.] USDA ARS, Southwestern Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. [Ulloa, Mauricio] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Jones, Don C.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC USA. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jinzhang@nmsu.edu RI Fang, Hui/R-9813-2016; Zhou, Huiping/R-9888-2016 OI Fang, Hui/0000-0002-2693-5379; Zhou, Huiping/0000-0002-2346-6909 FU USDA-ARS; Cotton Incorporated; New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station FX The research was in part funded by USDA-ARS, Cotton Incorporated and New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2013 VL 194 IS 1 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s10681-013-0965-4 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 226BZ UT WOS:000325010600007 ER PT J AU Tsilo, TJ Hareland, GA Ohm, JB Anderson, JA AF Tsilo, Toi J. Hareland, Gary A. Ohm, Jae-Bom Anderson, James A. TI Polymeric proteins and their association with grain yield in hard red spring wheat lines SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE SDS-extractable polymeric proteins; SDS-unextractable polymeric proteins; Wheat bread-making quality; Grain yield; Grain protein content ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SIZE-EXCLUSION HPLC; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; FLOUR PROTEINS; BAKING QUALITY; BREAD WHEAT; REGISTRATION; NITROGEN; DOUGH; QUANTIFICATION AB Development of high yielding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with acceptable end-use quality is a major focus in breeding programs worldwide. Variations in molecular weight (Mw) distribution of endosperm proteins are known to influence end-use quality traits. This paper reports the relationship of the size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) profile of endosperm proteins with grain yield. Flour samples were previously analyzed for Mw distribution of sodium-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) extractable and unextractable proteins using the SE-HPLC protocol. Correlations were calculated between grain yield and HPLC absorbance data obtained at 0.01-min retention time intervals. Although both SDS-extractable and unextractable proteins had positive correlations with grain protein content, only SDS-unextractable very high Mw polymeric proteins (UVHP) had no negative association with grain yield, while SDS-extractable fractions rich in low Mw polymeric proteins had a negative correlation (r = -0.41) with grain yield. These results suggest that in an effort to increase grain yield, breeding programs should target grain yield and also increase levels of UVHP and decrease SDS-extractable polymeric proteins, thereby, maintaining acceptable bread-making quality. C1 [Tsilo, Toi J.; Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hareland, Gary A.; Ohm, Jae-Bom] ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Tsilo, TJ (reprint author), Agr Res Council, Small Grain Inst, Private Bag X29, ZA-9700 Bethlehem, South Africa. EM tsilot@arc.agric.za FU Minnesota Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church; Compton International Foundation; National Research Foundation of South Africa; Agricultural Research Council of South Africa; National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, CAP [2006-55606-16629]; CRIS [5442-43440-008-00D] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Minnesota Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church, the Compton International Foundation, the National Research Foundation of South Africa, the Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, and the National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, CAP Grant No. 2006-55606-16629. The work performed at Hard Spring and Durum Wheat Quality Laboratory USDA-ARS was supported by CRIS Project No. 5442-43440-008-00D. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2013 VL 194 IS 2 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s10681-013-0912-4 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 229GH UT WOS:000325249400004 ER PT J AU Tsilo, TJ Nygard, G Khan, K Simsek, S Hareland, GA Chao, S Anderson, JA AF Tsilo, Toi J. Nygard, Gloria Khan, Khalil Simsek, Senay Hareland, Gary A. Chao, Shiaoman Anderson, James A. TI Molecular genetic mapping of QTL associated with flour water absorption and farinograph related traits in bread wheat SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Quantitative trait loci; Simple sequence repeat; Diversity arrays technology; Wheat quality ID RED SPRING WHEAT; WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; MAKING QUALITY; BREEDING LINES; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; BAKING QUALITY; MILLING YIELD; WINTER-WHEAT; ENVIRONMENT AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour functionality during the dough development and baking processes is an important quality attribute considered by the baking industry. A flour with high water absorption during mixing means more water and less flour is needed, compared to a flour with less water absorption. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing water absorption and dough rheological properties of hard red spring wheat. QTL were mapped on a genetic linkage map that comprised 531 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and diversity array technology (DArT) marker loci. Composite interval mapping with 139 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was used to identify QTL within and across two field environments. Six QTL on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 4B, 4D, and 5A were detected for farinograph water absorption. These QTL also confirmed earlier studies that flour water absorption is a function of protein content, starch damage, and gluten strength. In this study, dough rheological properties such as dough development time, dough stability, mixing tolerance index, and time to breakdown were influenced by the high-molecular weight glutenin genes Glu-B1 and Glu-D1. C1 [Tsilo, Toi J.; Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nygard, Gloria; Khan, Khalil] N Dakota State Univ, Cereal & Food Sci Dept, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Simsek, Senay] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Hareland, Gary A.] ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Tsilo, TJ (reprint author), Agr Res Council, Small Grain Inst, ZA-9700 Bethlehem, Free State, South Africa. EM tsilot@arc.agric.za FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-55606-16629]; Minnesota Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church; Compton Foundation; Agricultural Research Council of South Africa; National Research Foundation of South Africa; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX The authors thank the dedicated team of USDA/ARS WQL personnel, Dale Hanson, Dehdra Puhr, and Jadene Wear. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Coordinated Agricultural Project Grant Number 2006-55606-16629), Minnesota Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church, the Compton Foundation, Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, National Research Foundation of South Africa, and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2013 VL 194 IS 2 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10681-013-0906-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 229GH UT WOS:000325249400012 ER PT J AU Xiao, CL Boal, RJ AF Xiao, C. L. Boal, R. J. TI Inoculum availability and seasonal survival of Potebniamyces pyri in pear orchards SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pear; Phacidiopycnis piri; Phacidiopycnis rot; Postharvest disease ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; PHACIDIOPYCNIS ROT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DISEASE; TREES AB Potebniamyces pyri (anamorph Phacidiopycnis piri) is the causal agent of Phacidiopycnis rot, a postharvest disease of pear fruit (Pyrus communis). Infections of pear fruit by P. pyri occur in the orchard, and symptoms develop after harvest during storage or in the market. P. pyri also is the cause of a canker and twig dieback disease of pear trees. To determine inoculum availability of P. pyri, dead bark and dead fruit spurs were periodically collected in two commercial 'd'Anjou' pear orchards and examined for the presence and viability of fruiting bodies of P. pyri. To determine seasonal survival of P. pyri, 2-year-old twigs of 'd'Anjou' pear in a research orchard were inoculated approximately monthly over 2 years with P. pyri and monitored for canker development. Inoculated twigs were removed from the trees 6 months post inoculation and examined for formation, viability of pycnidia of P. pyri, and reisolation of the pathogen. In both commercial orchards, all sampled trees were infected by P. pyri; viable pycnidia of P. pyri were observed on 42-78 % of the sampled bark and 5-32 % of the sampled fruit spurs; and viable conidia were observed at all sampling times during the fruit growing season. Apothecia of P. pyri also were observed on sampled dead bark and fruit spurs, but at a frequency ranging from 0 % to 19 %. P. pyri was recovered from inoculated twigs 6 months after inoculation at all sampling times during the 2-year study, but recovery frequency varied. P. pyri formed pycnidia on most cold-injured and inoculated twigs. The results suggest that: i) the conidial state of P. pyri is the main type of inoculum in pear orchards in the region; ii) viable inoculum of P. pyri for potential fruit infections is available during the pear fruit-growing season; iii) P. pyri can form pycnidia on cankers of twigs infected by the fungus at different seasons during the year; and iv) P. pyri can survive as mycelium in diseased pear twigs year round in the orchard. C1 [Xiao, C. L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Boal, R. J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tree Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Xiao, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 South Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Chang-Lin.Xiao@ars.usda.gov FU Pear Bureau Fresh Pear Committee; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission FX We thank J. Wood and F. Struzel for allowing us to use their orchards for this study and D. Corey and C. Kahn for technical support. This research was supported in part by the Pear Bureau Fresh Pear Committee and the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendations or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 137 IS 3 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.1007/s10658-013-0264-x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 230SH UT WOS:000325362600009 ER PT J AU Jones, TA AF Jones, Thomas A. TI When local isn't best SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ecological restoration; local adaptation; local is best; native plants; novel ecosystems; plant materials; provenance ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; PLANT TRAITS; CHAMAECRISTA-FASCICULATA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROVENANCE IMPORTANT; CONCEPTUAL ISSUES; HABITAT CREATION; ADAPTATION; MANAGEMENT AB This paper attempts to explain circumstances under which local may be or may not be best. Natural selection may lead to local adaptation (LA), or it may be constrained by gene flow, founder effects, small population size, genetic drift, and archetype. Specialist' species display greater LA than generalist' species. Local genotypes are to a certain extent transient, being a consequence of past historical genetic patterns. Two recent meta-analyses found that while local performance exceeded the performance of a randomly chosen nonlocal population in 71% of comparisons, general adaptation across environments was as frequent as LA. Genotypes for restoration are most likely to be effective if they are adapted to current site conditions. As environmental change accelerates, both globally and locally, exceptions to local is best' may increase. For these reasons, local is best' may be better thought of as a testable hypothesis rather than as a general assumption. While either local or nonlocal plant material may be most effective for restoration practice depending on individual circumstances, local material will continue to be the first choice for restoration practitioners whenever this option is feasible and effective. C1 ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM thomas.jones@ars.usda.gov NR 105 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 9 U2 127 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1109 EP 1118 DI 10.1111/eva.12090 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 231ZU UT WOS:000325458000009 PM 24187591 ER PT J AU Wilson, WC Romito, M Jasperson, DC Weingartl, H Binepal, YS Maluleke, MR Wallace, DB van Vuren, PJ Paweska, JT AF Wilson, William C. Romito, Marco Jasperson, Dane C. Weingartl, Hana Binepal, Yatinder S. Maluleke, Moabi R. Wallace, David B. van Vuren, Petrus Jansen Paweska, Janusz T. TI Development of a Rift Valley fever real-time RT-PCR assay that can detect all three genome segments SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Rift Valley fever virus; Cattle; Sheep; Real-time RT-PCR ID MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE-VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RAPID DETECTION; CAPTURE ELISA; ANTIBODY; OUTBREAK; IDENTIFICATION AB Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritania, and South Africa had devastating effects on livestock and human health. In addition, this disease is a food security issue for endemic countries. There is growing concern for the potential introduction of RVF into non-endemic countries. A number of single-gene target amplification assays have been developed for the rapid detection of RVF viral RNA. This paper describes the development of an improved amplification assay that includes two confirmatory target RNA segments (Land M) and a third target gene, NSs, which is deleted in the Clone 13 commercial vaccine and other candidate vaccines. The assay also contains an exogenous RNA control added during the PCR setup for detection of amplification inhibitors. The assay was evaluated initially with samples from experimentally infected animals, after which clinical veterinary and human samples from endemic countries were tested for further evaluation. The assay has a sensitivity range of 66.7-100% and a specificity of 92.0-100% depending on the comparison. The assay has an overall sensitivity of 92.5%, specificity of 95% and a positive predictive value of 98.7%. The single-tube assay provides confirmation of the presence of RVFV RNA for improved confidence in diagnostic results and a "differentiate infected from vaccinated animals" (DIVA) - compatible marker for RVFV NSs - deleted vaccines, which is useful for RVF endemic countries, but especially important in non-endemic countries. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wilson, William C.; Jasperson, Dane C.] ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Romito, Marco; Maluleke, Moabi R.; Wallace, David B.] ARC Onderstepoort Vet Inst, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Weingartl, Hana] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Binepal, Yatinder S.] Kenya Agr Res Inst, Ctr Biotechnol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Wallace, David B.] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [van Vuren, Petrus Jansen; Paweska, Janusz T.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Dis, Special Viral Pathogens Lab, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Wilson, WC (reprint author), ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM William.wilson@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-5430-005-00D]; Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-07-00982]; U.S. Department of State Biosecurity Engagement Program FX The authors thank Drs. Mangkey Bounpheng, Alfonso Clavijo, and Tammy Beckham for providing the XIPC design and Dr. Bounpheng for an early review of this manuscript. The authors also thank Drs. Juergen Richt and D. Scott McVey for early review of this manuscript. This project was supported in part by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Project #58-5430-005-00D through inter-agency agreements with the Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Award Number HSHQDC-07-00982 and the U.S. Department of State Biosecurity Engagement Program. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 2013 VL 193 IS 2 BP 426 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.006 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 228MH UT WOS:000325190400028 PM 23850696 ER PT J AU Saponari, M Loconsole, G Liao, HH Jiang, B Savino, V Yokomi, RK AF Saponari, Maria Loconsole, Giuliana Liao, Hui-Hong Jiang, Bo Savino, Vito Yokomi, Raymond K. TI Validation of high-throughput real time polymerase chain reaction assays for simultaneous detection of invasive citrus pathogens SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Citrus pathogens; Detection; Real time-PCR multiplex assay ID MULTIPLEX RT-PCR; TRISTEZA-VIRUS; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; EXOCORTIS DISEASE; INTERNAL CONTROL; PLANT-TISSUES; VIROIDS; IDENTIFICATION; RNA; CACHEXIA AB A number of important citrus pathogens are spread by graft propagation, arthropod vector transmission and inadvertent import and dissemination of infected plants. For these reasons, citrus disease management and clean stock programs require pathogen detection systems which are economical and sensitive to maintain a healthy industry. To this end, multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were developed allowing high-throughput and simultaneous detection of some major invasive citrus pathogens. Automated high-throughput extraction comparing several bead-based commercial extraction kits were tested and compared with tissue print and manual extraction to obtain nucleic acids from healthy and pathogen-infected citrus trees from greenhouse in planta collections and field. Total nucleic acids were used as templates for pathogen detection. Multiplex reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR) assays were developed for simultaneous detection of six targets including a virus, two viroids, a bacterium associated with huanglongbing and a citrus RNA internal control. Specifically, two one-step TaqMan-based multiplex RT-qPCR assays were developed and tested with target templates to determine sensitivity and detection efficiency. The first assay included primers and probes for 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) and Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) broad spectrum detection and genotype differentiation (VT- and T3-like genotypes). The second assay contained primers and probes for Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (nad5) mRNA as an internal citrus host control. Primers and TaqMan probes for the viroids were designed in this work; whereas those for the other pathogens were from reports of others. Based on quantitation cycle values, automated high-throughput extraction of samples proved to be as suitable as manual extraction. The multiplex RT-qPCR assays detected both RNA and DNA pathogens in the same dilution series as singleplex assays and yielded similar quantitation cycle values. Taken together, high throughput extraction and multiplex RT-qPCR assays reported in this study provided a rapid and standardized method for routine and simultaneous diagnosis of different RNA and DNA citrus pathogens. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Saponari, Maria] UOS Bari, CNR, Ist Virol Vegetale, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Loconsole, Giuliana; Savino, Vito] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta & Alimenti, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Liao, Hui-Hong] Guangxi Acad Agr Sci, Inst Hort Res, Nanning 530007, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Bo] Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Fruit Tree Res Inst, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Saponari, Maria; Yokomi, Raymond K.] USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Yokomi, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM ray.yokomi@ars.usda.gov OI Savino, Vito Nicola/0000-0002-8475-7777; SAPONARI, MARIA/0000-0001-9195-4624 FU Regione Puglia-Rete di Laboratori Pubblici SELGE; California Department of Food and Agriculture [SCB 10005] FX Some of the equipment and partial support for this work was provided by Regione Puglia-Rete di Laboratori Pubblici SELGE and Specialty Crops Block Grant SCB 10005 from the California Department of Food and Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 2013 VL 193 IS 2 BP 478 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.002 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 228MH UT WOS:000325190400036 PM 23891873 ER PT J AU Choudhary, N Roy, A Guillermo, LM Picton, DD Wei, G Nakhla, MK Levy, L Brlansky, RH AF Choudhary, Nandlal Roy, Avijit Guillermo, Leon M. Picton, D. D. Wei, G. Nakhla, M. K. Levy, L. Brlansky, R. H. TI Immunodiagnosis of Citrus leprosis virus C using a polyclonal antibody to an expressed putative coat protein SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE CiLV-C; Citrus leprosis disease; Expressed coat protein; Polyclonal antibody; ELISA; Dot-blot immunoassay ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; CILV-C; FLORIDA AB Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C), a causal agent for citrus leprosis disease, is present in South and Central America and is a threat for introduction into the U.S. citrus industry. A specific, inexpensive and reliable antibody based detection system is needed for the rapid identification of CiLV-C. The CiLV-C is very labile and has not been purified in sufficient amount for antibody production. The p29 gene of CiLV-C genome that codes for the putative coat protein (PCP) was codon optimized for expression in Escherichia coli and synthesized in vitro. The optimized gene was sub-cloned into the bacterial expression vector pDEST17 and transferred into E. coli BL21AI competent cells. The expression of PCP containing N-terminal His-tag was optimized by induction with L-arabinose. Induced cells were disrupted by sonication and expressed PCP was purified by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA agarose. The purified expressed PCP was then used as an immunogen for injections into rabbits to produce polyclonal antibody (PAb). The PAb specific to the expressed PCP was identified using Western blotting. The antibody was successfully used to detect CiLV-C in the symptomatic CiLV-C infected tissues using double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent (DAS-ELISA), indirect ELISA and dot-blot immunoassay (DBIA) formats. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Choudhary, Nandlal; Roy, Avijit; Brlansky, R. H.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Guillermo, Leon M.] CORPOICA, Ctr Invest La Libertad, Villavicencio, Colombia. [Picton, D. D.; Wei, G.; Nakhla, M. K.; Levy, L.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brlansky, RH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM rhby@ufl.edu FU USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST FX We are grateful to USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST, for funding this research project. We thank the Abby Guerra in Panama, M.C. Jose Abel Lopez Buenfil and Iobana Alanis in Mexico, German Carranza in Costa-Rica for providing CiLV-C infected plant material. We are also thankful to Carmen Bierman for the useful suggestions. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 EI 1879-0984 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 2013 VL 193 IS 2 BP 548 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.035 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 228MH UT WOS:000325190400049 PM 23911294 ER PT J AU Haas, JR Calkin, DE Thompson, MP AF Haas, Jessica R. Calkin, David E. Thompson, Matthew P. TI A national approach for integrating wildfire simulation modeling into Wild land Urban Interface risk assessments within the United States SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Wildland urban interface; Residentially developed populated areas; Exposure analysis; Wildfire risk assessment; Burn probability modeling ID FIRE RISK; SOCIAL VULNERABILITY; FOREST AB Ongoing human development into fire-prone areas contributes to increasing wildfire risk to human life. It is critically important, therefore, to have the ability to characterize wildfire risk to populated places, and to identify geographic areas with relatively high risk. A fundamental component of wildfire risk analysis is establishing the likelihood of wildfire occurrence and interaction with social and ecological values. A variety of fire modeling systems exist that can provide spatially resolved estimates of wildfire likelihood, which when coupled with maps of values-at-risk enable probabilistic exposure analysis. With this study we demonstrate the feasibility and utility of pairing burn probabilities with geospatially identified populated places in order to inform the development of next-generation, risk-based Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) maps. Specifically, we integrate a newly developed Residentially Developed Populated Areas dataset with a stochastic, spatially-explicit wildfire spread simulation model. We classify residential population densities and burn probabilities into three categories (low, medium, high) to create a risk matrix and summarize wildfire risk to populated places at the county-level throughout the continental United States. Our methods provide a new framework for producing consistent national maps which spatially identifies the magnitude and the driving factors behind the wildland fire risk to populated places. This framework advances probabilistic exposure analysis.for decision support in emergency management, rural and urban community planning efforts, and more broadly wildfire management and policy-making. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haas, Jessica R.; Calkin, David E.; Thompson, Matthew P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP Haas, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. EM jrhaas@fs.fed.us; decalkin@fs.fed.us; mpthompson02@fs.fed.us RI Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani /B-6087-2014; Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 119 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.06.011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 228OO UT WOS:000325196300005 ER PT J AU Fox, BJ Holland, WB Boyd, FL Blackwell, BF Armstrong, JB AF Fox, Brian J. Holland, Wesley B. Boyd, Frank L. Blackwell, Bradley F. Armstrong, James B. TI Use of stormwater impoundments near airports by birds recognized as hazardous to aviation safety SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Airport; Aviation hazard; Bird strike; Stormwater impoundment; US Federal Aviation Administration ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; GIANT CANADA GEESE; CENTRAL TENNESSEE; SITE SELECTION; WETLANDS; HABITAT; URBAN; COMMUNITIES; RICHNESS; PONDS AB Design of privately-owned stormwater impoundments within or near airport siting criteria has received little attention with regard to potential hazards posed to aviation safety. In particular, minimizing use of these impoundments by bird species recognized as hazardous to aviation poses an important challenge. Emergent vegetation, shoreline irregularity, and proximity of other water resources are linked to avian richness and diversity within wetlands, as well as bird use of stormwater impoundments on airports. We predicted also that impoundments with bank slope >20% and those functioning as detention facilities, where water is periodically drawn down, would negatively influence use by birds; and that shoreline-vegetation diversity and local land-use diversity would be positively correlated with use. Over 104 weeks (March 2008 to March 2010), we surveyed bird use of 40 stormwater impoundments in the Auburn-Opelika Metropolitan area, Lee County, AL, USA, typical of privately-owned facilities located within or near airport siting criteria. We quantified local-scale and site-specific parameters possibly affecting bird use and evaluated fit for 17 a priori models relative to detection of 10 individual avian foraging guilds recognized as hazardous to aviation safety. Relative likelihoods of best-approximating models (Akaike weights) ranged from approximately 0.42 to 0.92. Based on best-approximating models for at least five of the 10 guilds, we suggest that broad reduction in use of stormwater impoundments, located within or near airport siting criteria, by bird species hazardous to aviation can be achieved via designs which minimize perimeter, surface area, and the ratio of open water to emergent vegetation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fox, Brian J.; Holland, Wesley B.; Armstrong, James B.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Boyd, Frank L.] Wildlife Serv Alabama, USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Blackwell, Bradley F.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM brad.blackwell88@gmail.com FU FAA [07-7201-4430-GR]; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA/APHIS) [07-7201-4430-GR]; Wildlife Services (WS) Alabama office FX Funding for this study was provided via Interagency Agreement 07-7201-4430-GR between the FAA and US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA/APHIS), Wildlife Services (WS) Alabama office. With the exception of BJF and WBH, author salaries were provided by their respective institutions. We thank T. Steury (Auburn University), M. MacKenzie (Auburn University; deceased), M. Dunn (Auburn Water Works Board), J. B. Grand (US Geological Survey, Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit), L. Simpson (City of Auburn Business Development Services), and J. A. Schmidt (USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center, NWRC) for their technical and logistical assistance. T. L. DeVault, A. B. Franklin (NWRC), and M. Stapanian (US Geological Survey) reviewed earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 119 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.06.005 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 228OO UT WOS:000325196300007 ER PT J AU Arsenault, RJ Kogut, MH He, HQ AF Arsenault, Ryan J. Kogut, Michael H. He, Haiqi TI Combined CpG and poly I:C stimulation of monocytes results in unique signaling activation not observed with the individual ligands SO CELLULAR SIGNALLING LA English DT Article DE TLR synergy; Poly I:C; CpG; Signaling; Kinase; Peptide array ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; NF-KAPPA-B; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-3; PROTEIN-KINASE-II; DENDRITIC CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MAMMALIAN TLR9 AB Toll-like receptors (TLRs) bind to components of microbes, activate cellular signal transduction pathways and stimulate innate immune responses. Previously, we have shown in chicken monocytes that the combination of CpG, the ligand for TLR21 (the chicken equivalent of TLR9), and poly I:C, the ligand for TLR3, results in a synergistic immune response. In order to further characterize this synergy, kinome analysis was performed on chicken monocytes stimulated with either unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) individually or in combination for either 1 h or 4 h. The analysis was carried out using chicken species-specific peptide arrays to study the kinase activity induced by the two ligands. The arrays are comprised of kinase target sequences immobilized on an array surface. Active kinases phosphorylate their respective target sequences, and these phosphorylated peptides are then visualized and quantified. A significant number of peptides exhibited altered phosphorylation when CpG and poly I:C were given together, that was not observed when either CpG or poly I:C was given separately. The unique, synergistic TLR agonist affected peptides represent protein members of signaling pathways including calcium signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Endocytosis at the 1 h time point. At the 4 h time point, TLR agonist synergy influenced pathways included Adipocytokine signaling pathway, cell cycle, calcium signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. Using nitric oxide (NO) production as the readout, TLR ligand synergy was also investigated using signaling protein inhibitors. A number of inhibitors were able to inhibit NO response in cells given CpG alone but not in cells given both CpG and poly I:C, as poly LC alone does not elicit a significant NO response. The unique peptide phosphorylation induced by the combination of CpG and poly I:C and the unique signaling protein requirements for synergy determined by inhibitor assays both show that synergistic signaling is not a simple addition of TLR pathways. A set of secondary pathways activated by the ligand combination are proposed, leading to the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) and ultimately of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Since many microbes can stimulate more than one TLR, this synergistic influence on cellular signaling may be an important consideration for the study of immune response and what we consider to be the canonical TLR signaling pathways. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Arsenault, Ryan J.; Kogut, Michael H.; He, Haiqi] USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Arsenault, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM ryan.arsenault@usask.ca FU United States Department of Agriculture funds FX All funding was provided by internal United States Department of Agriculture funds. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0898-6568 J9 CELL SIGNAL JI Cell. Signal. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 25 IS 11 BP 2246 EP 2254 DI 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.014 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 225OI UT WOS:000324971800018 PM 23876795 ER PT J AU Lowenthal, JW Bean, AGD Kogut, MH AF Lowenthal, J. W. Bean, A. G. D. Kogut, M. H. TI What's so special about chicken immunology? Preface SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lowenthal, J. W.; Bean, A. G. D.] CSIRO Biosecur Flagship, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. [Lowenthal, J. W.] Deakin Univ, Sch Med, Waum Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia. [Kogut, M. H.] USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Lowenthal, JW (reprint author), CSIRO Biosecur Flagship, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. EM john.lowenthal@csiro.au RI lowenthal, john/G-4459-2010 OI lowenthal, john/0000-0002-0548-2497 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 41 IS 3 SI SI BP 307 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2013.07.012 PG 3 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 223ZC UT WOS:000324850000001 PM 23891876 ER PT J AU Genovese, KJ He, HQ Swaggerty, CL Kogut, MH AF Genovese, Kenneth J. He, Haiqi Swaggerty, Christina L. Kogut, Michael H. TI The avian heterophil SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heterophil; Innate immunity; Avian; Poultry; Granulocyte ID ENTERITIDIS-IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; COMMERCIAL BROILER-CHICKENS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; NF-KAPPA-B; NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; OXIDATIVE BURST; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES AB Heterophils play an indispensable role in the immune defense of the avian host. To accomplish this defense, heterophils use sophisticated mechanisms to both detect and destroy pathogenic microbes. Detection of pathogens through the toll-like receptors (TLR), FC and complement receptors, and other pathogen recognition receptors has been recently described for the avian heterophil. Upon detection of pathogens, the avian heterophil, through a network of intracellular signaling pathways and the release and response to cytokines and chemokines, responds using a repertoire of microbial killing mechanisms including production of an oxidative burst, cellular degranulation, and production of extracellular matrices of DNA and histones (HETs). In this review, the authors describe the recent advances in our understanding of the avian heterophil, its functions, receptors and signaling, identified antimicrobial products, cytokine and chemokine production, and some of the effects of genetic selection on heterophils and their functional characteristics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Genovese, Kenneth J.; He, Haiqi; Swaggerty, Christina L.; Kogut, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Genovese, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM genovese@ffsru.usda.gov NR 98 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X EI 1879-0089 J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 41 IS 3 SI SI BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.021 PG 7 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 223ZC UT WOS:000324850000005 PM 23583524 ER PT J AU Min, W Kim, WH Lillehoj, EP Lillehoj, HS AF Min, Wongi Kim, Woo H. Lillehoj, Erik P. Lillehoj, Hyun S. TI Recent progress in host immunity to avian coccidiosis: IL-17 family cytokines as sentinels of the intestinal mucosa SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avians; Coccidiosis; IL-17 family cytokines ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR; DELTA T-CELLS; ACERVULINA CHALLENGE INFECTION; EIMERIA-TENELLA INFECTIONS; CHICKEN INTERFERON-GAMMA; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PROFILIN-LIKE PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION AB The molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to immune protection against coccidiosis are complex and include multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immunities. Innate immunity is mediated by various subpopulations of immune cells that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leading to the secretion of soluble factors with diverse functions. Adaptive immunity, which is important in conferring protection against subsequent reinfections, involves subtypes of T and B lymphocytes that mediate antigen-specific immune responses. Recently, global gene expression microarray analysis has been used in an attempt to dissect this complex network of immune cells and molecules during avian coccidiosis. These new studies emphasized the uniqueness of the innate immune response to Eimeria infection, and directly led to the discovery of previously uncharacterized host genes and proteins whose expression levels were modulated following parasite infection. Among these is the IL-17 family of cytokines. This review highlights recent progress in IL-17 research in the context of host immunity to avian coccidiosis. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Min, Wongi; Kim, Woo H.] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Min, Wongi; Kim, Woo H.] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Life Sci Res Inst, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,BARC East, Bldg 1043, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 FU National Research Foundation of Korea [R33-10013]; Ministry of Education; National Research Initiative of the USDA, U.S. [2010-65121-20649, 2005-01812] FX This work was supported by the WCU program (R33-10013) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education and partly by the National Research Initiative of the USDA, U.S. Veterinary Immune Reagent Network Grant (NIFA #2010-65121-20649, USDA-CSREES #2005-01812). NR 183 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 41 IS 3 SI SI BP 418 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.003 PG 11 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 223ZC UT WOS:000324850000014 PM 23583525 ER PT J AU Kapczynski, DR Afonso, CL Miller, PJ AF Kapczynski, Darrell R. Afonso, Claudio L. Miller, Patti J. TI Immune responses of poultry to Newcastle disease virus SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease virus; Vaccine; Immunity; Poultry ID SHEDDING FOLLOWING VACCINATION; INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE; MATERNAL ANTIBODY; PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; THERMOSTABLE VACCINE; MOUSE MACROPHAGES; CLINICAL-DISEASE; AVIAN INFLUENZA; LASOTA STRAIN; OVO VACCINE AB Newcastle disease (ND) remains a constant threat to poultry producers worldwide, in spite of the availability and global employment of ND vaccinations since the 1950s. Strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belong to the order Mononegavirales, family Paramyxoviridae, and genus Avulavirus, are contained in one serotype and are also known as avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1). They are pleomorphic in shape and are single-stranded, non-segmented, negative sense RNA viruses. The virus has been reported to infect most orders of birds and thus has a wide host range. Isolates are characterized by virulence in chickens and the presence of basic amino acids at the fusion protein cleavage site. Low virulent NDV typically produce subclinical disease with some morbidity, whereas virulent isolates can result in rapid, high mortality of birds. Virulent NDV are listed pathogens that require immediate notification to the Office of International Epizootics and outbreaks typically result in trade embargos. Protection against NDV is through the use of vaccines generated with low virulent NDV strains. Immunity is derived from neutralizing antibodies formed against the viral hemagglutinin and fusion glycoproteins, which are responsible for attachment and spread of the virus. However, new techniques and technologies have also allowed for more in depth analysis of the innate and cell-mediated immunity of poultry to NDV. Gene profiling experiments have led to the discovery of novel host genes modulated immediately after infection. Differences in virus virulence alter host gene response patterns have been demonstrated. Furthermore, the timing and contributions of cell-mediated immune responses appear to decrease disease and transmission potential. In view of recent reports of vaccine failure from many countries on the ability of classical NDV vaccines to stop spread of disease, renewed interest in a more complete understanding of the global immune response of poultry to NDV will be critical to developing new control strategies and intervention programs for the future. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kapczynski, Darrell R.; Afonso, Claudio L.; Miller, Patti J.] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Dis Res Unit, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kapczynski, DR (reprint author), ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Dis Res Unit, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM darrell.kapczynski@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6612-32000-062-00D, 6612-32000-064-00D] FX The authors gladly acknowledge all of the scientists who have contributed to our understanding of Newcastle disease virus, and in particular a heartfelt recognition to Dr. Jack King for his invaluable contributions to NDV research. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS 6612-32000-062-00D and 6612-32000-064-00D. NR 100 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 41 IS 3 SI SI BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.012 PG 7 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 223ZC UT WOS:000324850000017 PM 23623955 ER PT J AU Cen, HY Lu, RF Mendoza, F Beaudry, RM AF Cen, Haiyan Lu, Renfu Mendoza, Fernando Beaudry, Randolph M. TI Relationship of the optical absorption and scattering properties with mechanical and structural properties of apple tissue SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apple; Hyperspectral imaging; Optical properties; Acoustic firmness; Mechanical properties; Microstructure ID BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; INTERNAL QUALITY; FIRMNESS; FRUIT; REFLECTANCE; STORAGE; TIME; OPTIMIZATION; TEXTURE AB Optical absorption and scattering properties of fruit change with the physiological and biochemical activities in the tissue during ripening and postharvest storage. But it has not been well understood on how these changes are related to the structural and mechanical properties of fruit. This research was therefore aimed at quantifying the relationship between the optical and mechanical properties of apple tissue and gaining a preliminary understanding of how the optical properties are related to the microstructural characteristics of apple tissue. Optical properties measurement and acoustic/impact firmness and compression tests were carried out for 'Golden Delicious' (GD) and 'Granny Smith' (GS) apples over a 30-day period of storage at similar to 22 degrees C and similar to 95% relative humidity (RH), followed with confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of tissue specimens. Linear regression analysis was then used to correlate acoustic/impact firmness, Young's modulus and the cell's area and equivalent diameter with the absorption and scattering properties of apple fruit. Consistent decreases in the absorption coefficient at the chlorophyll absorption waveband of 675 nm with storage time were observed for both cultivars, while an increase in the absorption coefficient at the anthocyanin absorption waveband of 525 nm was observed. Values of the reduced scattering coefficient generally decreased with storage time. The changes or decreases in the optical absorption and scattering parameters were accompanied with decreases in the acoustic/impact firmness and Young's modulus. Using the mean values of each test date, the optical parameters were correlated with acoustic/impact firmness (r = 0.870-0.948 for GD and r = 0.334-0.993 for GS) and Young's modulus (r = 0.585-0.947 for GD and r = 0.292-0.694 for GS). The preliminary confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis showed that the optical absorption and scattering parameters were also positively correlated with the cell's area and equivalent diameter. These findings suggest that optical properties could be used to study the mechanical properties of apples and possibly their microstructural changes during ripening and postharvest storage. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cen, Haiyan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lu, Renfu; Mendoza, Fernando] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beaudry, Randolph M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Cen, HY (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM cenhaiya@msu.edu NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 85 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.04.014 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 223DV UT WOS:000324785200004 ER PT J AU Jiao, S Johnson, JA Tang, J Mattinson, DS Fellman, JK Davenport, TL Wang, S AF Jiao, S. Johnson, J. A. Tang, J. Mattinson, D. S. Fellman, J. K. Davenport, T. L. Wang, S. TI Tolerance of codling moth, and apple quality associated with low pressure/low temperature treatments SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Low-pressure/low-temperature; Codling moth; Tolerance; Quality; Disinfestation ID LIFE STAGES; EXPOSURE TIME; COCOA PESTS; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; STORAGE; MORTALITY; INSECTS; FRUIT; SURVIVAL AB A combination of low pressure (LP) and low temperature (LT) may serve as a phytosanitary disinfestation treatment for fresh fruit. In this study, different life stages of codling moth (eggs, 2nd to 3rd instar larvae, 5th instar larvae and pupae) were treated in hypobaric chambers maintained at 10 degrees C and 1.33 kPa with nearly saturated humidity (>98%). Weight loss, color, firmness, titratable acidity (TA), and soluble solids content (SSC) were selected as quality parameters to evaluate the quality changes of 'Red Delicious' apples before and after the LPLT treatment. Results showed that the 5th instar larvae were the most tolerant life stage for codling moth under LPLT treatment conditions. Insect mortality increased with increasing LPLT treatment time to >98% after 12 days of exposure to 10 degrees C temperature and 1.33 kPa pressure. Although stored in less than optimum conditions for apples, the measured quality variables of 'Red Delicious' were maintained relatively well after 15 days of LPLT treatment. The results suggest that LPLT technology has potential as an alternative, non-chemical disinfestation treatment for apples. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, S.] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Jiao, S.; Tang, J.; Wang, S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Mattinson, D. S.; Fellman, J. K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Davenport, T. L.] Atlas Technol, VivaFresh Div, Florida City, FL 33034 USA. RP Wang, S (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM shaojinwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn RI Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 FU USDA-NIFA-PMA [2010-343813-21619] FX This research was supported by grant from the USDA-NIFA-PMA (2010-343813-21619) and conducted at Washington State University Agricultural Research Centre. We sincerely thank Atlas Technologies (PortTownsend, WA) for providing the two hypobaric chambers. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 85 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.06.001 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 223DV UT WOS:000324785200018 ER PT J AU Fugate, KK Ferrareze, JP Bolton, MD Deckard, EL Campbell, LG Finger, FL AF Fugate, Karen Klotz Ferrareze, Jocleita Peruzzo Bolton, Melvin D. Deckard, Edward L. Campbell, Larry G. Finger, Fernando L. TI Postharvest salicylic acid treatment reduces storage rots in water-stressed but not unstressed sugarbeet roots SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.; Clamp rot; Drought; Penicillium claviforme Bainier; Phoma betae Frank ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; DEFENSE; PATHOGENS; FRUIT; TOMATO; JASMONATE; PREHARVEST; TOBACCO AB Exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) reduces storage rots in a number of postharvest crops. SA's ability to protect sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) taproots from common storage rot pathogens, however, is unknown. To determine the potential of SA to reduce storage losses caused by three common causal organisms of sugarbeet storage rot, freshly harvested roots were treated with 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 10 mM SA, inoculated with Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium claviforme, or Phoma betae, and evaluated for the severity of rot symptoms after incubation at 20 degrees C and 90% relative humidity. Roots were obtained from plants that received sufficient water or were water-stressed prior to harvest. Roots from water-stressed plants were included since water-stress increases sugarbeet root susceptibility to storage rot and SA mitigates drought effects in other plant species. SA at concentrations of 0.01-10 mM had no effect on the severity of storage rot caused by B. cinerea, P. claviforme, or P. betae in roots from plants that received sufficient water prior to harvest. However, SA at these same concentrations reduced the severity of rot symptoms for all three pathogens in roots from plants that were water stressed before harvest. For water-stressed roots, all concentrations of SA produced statistically equivalent reductions in the weight of rotted tissue for each pathogen, and on average, SA reduced rot severity due to B. cinerea, P. claviforme, and P. betae by 54, 45, and 58%, respectively. SA reduced rot from all three pathogens by reducing lesion size, but did not affect the incidence of infection. The ability of SA to reduce rot severity in water-stressed roots, but not in roots that received sufficient water before harvest suggests that SA alleviated the negative impact of water stress but did not directly protect sugarbeet roots against storage rots. (c) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fugate, Karen Klotz; Bolton, Melvin D.; Campbell, Larry G.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Ferrareze, Jocleita Peruzzo] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Vegetal, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Deckard, Edward L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Finger, Fernando L.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecnia, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Fugate, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM karen.fugate@ars.usda.gov OI Fugate, Karen/0000-0001-9543-6832 FU CNPq (Brazil); Beet Sugar Development Foundation; Sugarbeet Research and Education Board of Minnesota; Sugarbeet Research and Education Board of North Dakota FX The authors thank John Eide for technical assistance, CNPq (Brazil) for J.P.F.'s scholarship, and the Beet Sugar Development Foundation and the Sugarbeet Research and Education Board of Minnesota and North Dakota for partial financial support of this research. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 85 BP 162 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.06.005 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 223DV UT WOS:000324785200022 ER PT J AU Liu, J Wisniewski, M Artlip, T Sui, Y Droby, S Norelli, J AF Liu, Jia Wisniewski, Michael Artlip, Timothy Sui, Yuan Droby, Samir Norelli, John TI The potential role of PR-8 gene of apple fruit in the mode of action of the yeast antagonist, Candida oleophila, in postharvest biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antifungal activity; Apple fruit; Botrytis cinerea; Candida oleophila; Postharvest disease; PR gene ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MICROBIAL ANTAGONISTS; STRESS TOLERANCE; PICHIA-PASTORIS; DISEASES; PROTEINS; EFFICACY; VEGETABLES; AGENT; PEACH AB Several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes of apple have been cloned and their response to different pathogens has been studied. Different PR genes, however, may have a variable response depending on the specific organ or tissue as well as microbe. The objective of the current study was to characterize the expression of specific apple PR genes in fruit tissues in response to the antagonistic yeast, Candida oleophila (a common postharvest biocontrol agent), and the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea (a major postharvest pathogen). Apple PR-5 and PR-8 gene expression was characterized in fruit in response to C. oleophila and B. cinerea. Results indicated that PR-8 expression was significantly elevated in response to both fungi. In contrast, neither C. oleophila nor B. cinerea treatment markedly affected PR-5 expression. The PR-8 gene was then synthesized and cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression system to study the antifungal activity of the PR-8 protein against B. cinerea both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the PR-8 gene of apple is associated with the response to B. cinerea infection, and may play a role in the mechanism by which C oleophila effectively inhibits B. cinerea disease in apple fruit, namely by the induction of this specific host PR gene. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Jia; Wisniewski, Michael; Artlip, Timothy; Sui, Yuan; Norelli, John] USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Droby, Samir] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.wisniewski@ars.usda.gov FU United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund [IS-4268-09] FX This research was supported by a grant (IS-4268-09) from the United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund to S.D. and M.W. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 85 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.06.007 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 223DV UT WOS:000324785200028 ER PT J AU Fischer, JW Nichols, TA Phillips, GE VerCauteren, KC AF Fischer, Justin W. Nichols, Tracy A. Phillips, Gregory E. VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Procedures for Identifying Infectious Prions After Passage Through the Digestive System of an Avian Species SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Infection; Issue 81; American crows; feces; mouse model; prion detection; PrPRes; scrapie; TSE transmission ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MULE DEER; SCRAPIE; TRANSMISSION; EXPOSURE; PROTEIN; SHEEP; VECTORS; BARRIER; AGENT AB Infectious prion (PrPRes) material is likely the cause of fatal, neurodegenerative transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases(1). Transmission of TSE diseases, such as chronic wasting disease (CWD), is presumed to be from animal to animal(2,3) as well as from environmental sources(4-6). Scavengers and carnivores have potential to translocate PrPRes material through consumption and excretion of CWD-contaminated carrion. Recent work has documented passage of PrPRes material through the digestive system of American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), a common North American scavenger(7). We describe procedures used to document passage of PrPRes material through American crows. Crows were gavaged with RML-strain mouse-adapted scrapie and their feces were collected 4 hr post gavage. Crow feces were then pooled and injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice. Mice were monitored daily until they expressed clinical signs of mouse scrapie and were thereafter euthanized. Asymptomatic mice were monitored until 365 days post inoculation. Western blot analysis was conducted to confirm disease status. Results revealed that prions remain infectious after traveling through the digestive system of crows and are present in the feces, causing disease in test mice. C1 [Fischer, Justin W.; Nichols, Tracy A.; Phillips, Gregory E.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services FX We would like to thank S. Werner for providing the crows used in this study and USDA, APHIS, WS, NWRC animal care staff for animal care and monitoring. Mention or use of a product does not imply USDA endorsement. Funding for this study was provided by USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD NOV PY 2013 IS 81 AR e50853 DI 10.3791/50853 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36RQ UT WOS:000209228900049 PM 24300668 ER PT J AU Neary, DG AF Neary, Daniel G. TI Best management practices for forest bioenergy programs SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; HEADWATER STREAMS; POLLUTION-CONTROL; WATER; BIOMASS; SEDIMENT; SYSTEM; ENERGY; ROADS; FERTILIZATION AB Forest ecosystems produce the best quality and most consistent supplies of water for human use. The increase in the use of woody biomass as a feedstock for bioenergy production has raised questions about potential impacts on water quality. Best management practices (BMPs) have been developed and implemented since the early 1970s to ensure that forest harvesting can be conducted with minimum impact on water quality. Although BMPs were originally designed to minimize water quality impacts, they can be used for a variety of environmental concerns. The use of BMPs is widespread in developed countries and it varies from mandatory to voluntary. In many countries BMPs are incorporated in `Codes of Forest Practice' that guide forest managers through the complete bioenergy life cycle. The development and application of BMPs is not a static process, but one that relies on a continual cycle of application, assessment and monitoring, and refinement. Although some countries have "national standards," the complex matrix of forest ecosystems, climates, soils and topography, and harvesting systems requires ongoing assessment, monitoring, and refinement to craft BMPs to best suit local conditions. Research and development studies play a key part in the refinement and communication of improved BMPs. They are also crucial in validating the effectiveness of BMPs. This is especially important where local environmental conditions or operational standards are unique. BMPs ensure that forest bioenergy programs can be a sustainable part of forest management and renewable energy production. (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Neary, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dneary@fs.fed.us NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 2041-8396 EI 2041-840X J9 WIRES ENERGY ENVIRON JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Energy Environ. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 2 IS 6 BP 614 EP 632 DI 10.1002/wene.77 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA AQ9WL UT WOS:000343208600003 ER PT J AU Martin, JN Brooks, JC Thompson, LD Savell, JW Harris, KB May, LL Haneklaus, AN Schutz, JL Belk, KE Engle, T Woerner, DR Legako, JF Luna, AM Douglass, LW Douglass, SE Howe, J Duvall, M Patterson, KY Leheska, JL AF Martin, J. N. Brooks, J. C. Thompson, L. D. Savell, J. W. Harris, K. B. May, L. L. Haneklaus, A. N. Schutz, J. L. Belk, K. E. Engle, T. Woerner, D. R. Legako, J. F. Luna, A. M. Douglass, L. W. Douglass, S. E. Howe, J. Duvall, M. Patterson, K. Y. Leheska, J. L. TI Nutrient database improvement project: The influence of USDA Quality and Yield Grade on the separable components and proximate composition of raw and cooked retail cuts from the beef rib and plate SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Braise; Dissection; Grill; Ribeye; Roast; Skirt ID FAT TRIM; MUSCLES; DONENESS; CARCASS; STEAKS; SEX AB Beef nutrition is important to the worldwide beef industry. The objective of this study was to analyze proximate composition of eight beef rib and plate cuts to update the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR). Furthermore, this study aimed to determine the influence of USDA Quality Grade on the separable components and proximate composition of the examined retail cuts. Carcasses (n = 72) representing a composite of Yield Grade, Quality Grade, gender and genetic type were identified from six regions across the U.S. Beef plates and ribs (IMPS #109 and 121C and D) were collected from the selected carcasses and shipped to three university meat laboratories for storage, retail fabrication, cooking, and dissection and analysis of proximate composition. These data provide updated information regarding the nutrient content of beef and emphasize the influence of common classification systems (Yield Grade and Quality Grade) on the separable components, cooking yield, and proximate composition of retail beef cuts. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, J. N.; Brooks, J. C.; Thompson, L. D.; Legako, J. F.; Luna, A. M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Savell, J. W.; Harris, K. B.; May, L. L.; Haneklaus, A. N.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schutz, J. L.; Belk, K. E.; Engle, T.; Woerner, D. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Howe, J.; Duvall, M.; Patterson, K. Y.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brooks, JC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM chance.brooks@ttu.edu RI Legako, Jerrad/J-6191-2015; Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008 OI Legako, Jerrad/0000-0001-5384-4248; Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286 FU Beef Checkoff FX Funded by The Beef Checkoff. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 95 IS 3 BP 486 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.031 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 193KG UT WOS:000322558100007 PM 23793084 ER PT J AU Zuckerman, H Bowker, BC Eastridge, JS Solomon, MB AF Zuckerman, H. Bowker, B. C. Eastridge, J. S. Solomon, M. B. TI Microstructure alterations in beef intramuscular connective tissue caused by hydrodynamic pressure processing SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Connective tissue; Hydrodynamic pressure processing; Tenderization; Beef ID SEMITENDINOSUS MUSCLE; MEAT QUALITY; TENDERNESS; COLLAGEN; HEAT AB Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to evaluate microstructural changes in intramuscular connective tissue of beef semimembranosus muscle subjected to hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP). Samples were HDP treated in a plastic container (HDP-PC) or a steel commercial unit (HDP-CU). Control and HDP samples were obtained immediately post-treatment and after 14 days of aging for SEM and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) analysis. Immediately post-treatment, HDP treated samples exhibited lower (P < 0.01) WBSF than did controls. After aging, HDP-PC samples had lower (P < 0.01) WBSF than that of aged controls. SEM analysis indicated that HDP-PC treatment disrupted the integrity of the collagen fibril network of the endomysium in both the non-aged and aged samples. Aging effects on the intramuscular connective tissue were observed in the HDP-PC and control samples. Both WBSF and connective tissue changes were greater in the HDP-PC than in the HDP-CU treated samples. Data suggest that shockwave alterations to connective tissue contribute to the meat tenderization of HDP. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zuckerman, H.; Eastridge, J. S.; Solomon, M. B.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bowker, B. C.] ARS, USDA, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bowker, BC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM brian.bowker@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 95 IS 3 BP 603 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.041 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 193KG UT WOS:000322558100022 PM 23803280 ER PT J AU Guo, MM Jin, TZ Yang, R Antenucci, R Mills, B Cassidy, J Scullen, OJ Sites, JE Rajkowski, KT Sommers, CH AF Guo, Mingming Jin, Tony Z. Yang, Ruijin Antenucci, Rachel Mills, Brittany Cassidy, Jennifer Scullen, O. Joseph Sites, Joseph E. Rajkowski, Kathleen T. Sommers, Christopher H. TI Inactivation of natural microflora and inoculated Listeria innocua on whole raw shrimp by ozonated water, antimicrobial coatings, and cryogenic freezing SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Ozone wash; Cryogenic freezing; Antimicrobial coating; Shrimp; Native bacteria; Listeriainnocua ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; PANDALUS-BOREALIS; FOOD PRESERVATION; PROCESSING PLANTS; ACETIC-ACID; SHELF-LIFE; AIR-BLAST; MONOCYTOGENES AB Shrimp have been associated with outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. A survey was conducted to determine the microbiological safety and quality of frozen whole raw shrimp, purchased at markets in the Northeast United States. Shrimp were composed of 32 brands from 9 different countries of origin. The average aerobic, psychrotrophic, coliform, and Enterobacteriaceae microbial counts were 3.64, 4.06, 0.02 and 1.43 log CFU/g, respectively. Of shrimp samples that were Listeria spp. positive (21.9%), 12.5% were identified as Listeria monocytogenes. No Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Vibrio spp., or Staphylococcus aureus were detected. The survival of natural microflora and inoculated Listeria innocua on shrimp were investigated after treatments with ozonated water, antimicrobial coating and cryogenic freezing, alone or in combination. Ozonated washes, cryogenic freezing and antimicrobial coating treatments, applied singly, reduced the natural bacteria or L. innocua by <2 log CFU/g; however, in Combination, treatments provided additive or synergistic reductions of the natural bacteria and L innocua. The chitosan coating with allyl isothiocyanate, in combination with cryogenic freezing, inactivated more than 5 log of L innocua and natural microorganisms. These information may be valuable for seafood processors and distributors to adopt intervention strategies to enhance the safety and extend the microbial shelf-life of shrimp. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Guo, Mingming; Yang, Ruijin] Jiangnan Univ, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Jin, Tony Z.; Cassidy, Jennifer; Scullen, O. Joseph; Sites, Joseph E.; Rajkowski, Kathleen T.; Sommers, Christopher H.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Antenucci, Rachel; Mills, Brittany] Delaware Valley Coll, Dept Food Sci Nutr & Management, Doylestown, PA USA. RP Jin, TZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM tony.jin@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Current Research Information Current Research Information System project through ARS National Program [1935-41000-092-00D, 1935-41420-012-00D, 108] FX This study was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Current Research Information System project no. 1935-41000-092-00D and 1935-41420-012-00D through ARS National Program 108. The authors wish to thank Anita Parameswaran for technical assistance and Dr. Joshua Gurtler for reviewing this manuscript and providing helpful feedback. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity employer. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD NOV PY 2013 VL 34 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.009 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 170EU UT WOS:000320834000005 ER PT J AU Trimble, LM Alali, WQ Gibson, KE Ricke, SC Crandall, P Jaroni, D Berrang, M AF Trimble, Lisa M. Alali, Walid Q. Gibson, Kristen E. Ricke, Steven C. Crandall, Philip Jaroni, Divya Berrang, Mark TI Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence and concentration on pasture-raised broilers processed on-farm, in a Mobile Processing Unit, and at small USDA-inspected facilities SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Pasture-raised broilers; Salmonella; Campylobacter; Mobile Processing Unit; Food safety ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ORGANIC CHICKENS; RETAIL STORES; POULTRY FARMS; FOOD SAFETY; JEJUNI; SPP.; OPERATIONS; CARCASSES; SEROVARS AB The small-scale, pasture-raised poultry production model is a growing niche in the locally grown food movement. Research that focuses on the food safety of small-scale broiler processing methods is limited. The objective of this study was to compare Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence and concentrations on pasture-raised broilers processed on-farm, in a small United States Department of Agriculture - Inspected slaughter facility (USDA-IF), and in a Mobile Processing Unit (MPU) pilot plant. A total of 120, 100, and 50 post-chill, pasture-raised broiler carcasses were sampled from each processing method, respectively. Pathogen prevalence and concentrations from whole carcass rinses were determined using a 3-tube Most Probable Number (MPN) method for Salmonella and direct plating method for Campylobacter according to the USDA-Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) protocols. Both Salmonella prevalence and concentrations on-farm (89% and 1.78 MPN/carcass [95% Cl: 1.60-1.96]), USDA-IF (43% and 0.78 MPN/carcass [95% CI: 0.58-0.98]) were significantly (P < 0.05) different. Salmonella was not detected on carcasses processed via the MPU. Campylobacter prevalence was not significantly (P > 0.05) different on carcasses processed by the three methods (70% on-farm, 82% USDA-IF, and 100% MPU). The mean log(10) Campylobacter concentrations in MPU processed carcasses (5.44 log(10) CFU/carcass [95% CI: 5.24-5.63]) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to on-farm (2.32 log(10) CFU/carcass [95% Cl: 2.06 -2.80]) and USDA-IF (2.44 log(10) CFU/carcass [95% CI: 2.03-2.85]). Based on the results of this baseline study, most pasture-raised broilers processed by the three methods were contaminated with Salmonella and/or Campylobacter. Further research is needed to assess other potential risk factors such as farm and regional variations that may contribute to the differences in pathogens' prevalence and concentrations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Trimble, Lisa M.; Alali, Walid Q.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Trimble, Lisa M.; Alali, Walid Q.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Gibson, Kristen E.; Ricke, Steven C.; Crandall, Philip] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Gibson, Kristen E.; Ricke, Steven C.; Crandall, Philip] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Jaroni, Divya] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Berrang, Mark] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Alali, WQ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM walali@uga.edu FU USDA-Southern Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SSARE) [LS11-245] FX The authors would like to thank the USDA-Southern Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SSARE)-project# LS11-245 for providing the funding this project. The authors would also like to thank all participating farmers in this study. We thank Eric Adams at the USDA-Agriculture Research Services in Athens, Georgia; Meghan Keys, Jared Smith, Nathan Flitcroft, Jarred Sturm and David Mann at the UGA Center for Food Safety as well as Giselle Almeida, Ashlee Bell-Cohn, Candy Hemminger, and Robert Story at the UA Center for Food Safety for their technical assistance in the laboratory. We also thank Dr. Casey Owens-Hanning from the UA Department of Poultry Science and UA poultry pilot plant employees for their assistance during data collection for the MPU. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD NOV PY 2013 VL 34 IS 1 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.024 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 170EU UT WOS:000320834000026 ER PT J AU Koskiniemi, CB Truong, VD McFeeters, RF Simunovic, J AF Koskiniemi, Craig B. Van-Den Truong McFeeters, Roger F. Simunovic, Josip TI Quality evaluation of packaged acidified vegetables subjected to continuous microwave pasteurization SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acidified vegetables; Sweetpotatoes; Red bell pepper; Broccoli; Microwave heating ID PEPPERS CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; SWEET-POTATOES; BELL PEPPERS; TEMPERATURE; CALCIUM; RETENTION; BROCCOLI; COLOR; SALT; ACID AB The study evaluated the use of 915 MHz continuous microwave processing with a rotation apparatus for pasteurization of acidified vegetable packages. Broccoli florets, and 1.2 cm cubes of broccoli stems, red bell pepper, and sweetpotato were pre-equilibrated to 1 g/100 g NaCl and 038 g/100 mL citric acid, and separately placed in 110 mL cups with a 0.5 g/100 mL citric acid solution. Unsealed packages were placed on a conveyor belt and run through a 915 MHz microwave cavity operating at 3.5 kW (residence time = 4 min). After processing, cups were sealed with a lidding film, and held in insulating molds for 30 min. Infrared thermocouples, fiber optic temperature sensors, and infrared imaging were used to monitor product temperatures. Microbial stability and changes in color and instrumental textural properties were measured over a 60-day storage period at 30 degrees C. Good retention of color and texture of acidified vegetable pieces was observed after microwave pasteurization. Over storage, textural properties significantly degraded for all vegetables, but the brilliant color of red bell pepper and sweetpotato was relatively retained. Chemical indicators of microbial spoilage were not detected at the end of storage. This study demonstrates a successful continuous microwave pasteurization process for producing shelf-stable acidified vegetable packages. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Koskiniemi, Craig B.; Simunovic, Josip] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27698 USA. [Van-Den Truong; McFeeters, Roger F.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Truong, VD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM den.truong@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.04.016 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 185SS UT WOS:000321991200024 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW Jurjevic, Z AF Peterson, Stephen W. Jurjevic, Zeljko TI Talaromyces columbinus sp nov., and Genealogical Concordance Analysis in Talaromyces Clade 2a SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS-DISEASE; PENICILLIUM-PICEUM; SECTION NIGRI; TAXONOMY AB During the course of mold surveys, a set of Talaromyces isolates were obtained that did not fit any described species. Phenotypic examination of these isolates showed that they were similar to T. piceus but differed in some growth characteristics. Multilocus DNA sequence data were obtained for the new isolates and some related species in the broader, more inclusive clade, and the data were analyzed using genealogical concordance. The new isolates are described as Talaromyces columbinus. From analysis of the related species, Penicillium rugulosum var. atricolum is given species status in Talaromyces as T. atricola. Penicillium tardum and P. chrysitis were showed to be synonyms of T. rugulosus. Penicillium scorteum and T. phialosporus were showed to be conspecific and under the rule of priority T. scorteus is the proper name for isolates previously known as T. phialosporus. Talaromyces wortmanii was showed to be distinct from Penicillium concavorugulosum and T. variabilis but the relationship of the latter two species remains unresolved. Examination of ITS sequences from GenBank showed that T. columbinus has previously been reported from human lung infections under the name Penicillium piceum. C1 [Peterson, Stephen W.] USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. [Jurjevic, Zeljko] EMSL Analyt Inc, Cinnaminson, NJ USA. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. EM Stephen.Peterson@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 30 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 10 AR e78084 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0078084 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 243RL UT WOS:000326334500093 PM 24205102 ER PT J AU Sandt, CH Fedorka-Cray, PJ Tewari, D Ostroff, S Joyce, K M'ikanatha, NM AF Sandt, Carol H. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Tewari, Deepanker Ostroff, Stephen Joyce, Kevin M'ikanatha, Nkuchia M. TI A Comparison of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella from Humans and Food Animals Using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; FOODBORNE ILLNESS; RISK-FACTORS; DIVERSITY; SITES AB Salmonellosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases affecting humans. To characterize the relationship between Salmonella causing human infections and their food animal reservoirs, we compared pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from ill humans in Pennsylvania and from food animals before retail. Human clinical isolates were received from 2005 through 2011 during routine public health operations in Pennsylvania. Isolates from cattle, chickens, swine and turkeys were recovered during the same period from federally inspected slaughter and processing facilities in the northeastern United States. We found that subtyping Salmonella isolates by PFGE revealed differences in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and, for human Salmonella, differences in sources and invasiveness that were not evident from serotyping alone. Sixteen of the 20 most common human Salmonella PFGE patterns were identified in Salmonella recovered from food animals. The most common human Salmonella PFGE pattern, Enteritidis pattern JEGX01.0004 (JEGX01.0003ARS), was associated with more cases of invasive salmonellosis than all other patterns. In food animals, this pattern was almost exclusively (99%) found in Salmonella recovered from chickens and was present in poultry meat in every year of the study. Enteritidis pattern JEGX01.0004 (JEGX01.0003ARS) was associated with susceptibility to all antimicrobial agents tested in 94.7% of human and 97.2% of food animal Salmonella isolates. In contrast, multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents) was observed in five PFGE patterns. Typhimurium patterns JPXX01.0003 (JPXX01.0003 ARS) and JPXX01.0018 (JPXX01.0002 ARS), considered together, were associated with resistance to five or more classes of antimicrobial agents: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides and tetracycline (ACSSuT), in 92% of human and 80% of food animal Salmonella isolates. The information from our study can assist in source attribution, outbreak investigations, and tailoring of interventions to maximize their impact on prevention. C1 [Sandt, Carol H.] Penn Dept Hlth, Bur Labs, Exton, PA USA. [Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Ostroff, Stephen; M'ikanatha, Nkuchia M.] Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. [Tewari, Deepanker] Penn Dept Agr, Penn Vet Lab, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Joyce, Kevin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sandt, CH (reprint author), Penn Dept Hlth, Bur Labs, Exton, PA USA. EM csandt@pa.gov FU Pennsylvania Department of Health through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grant for National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring [ELC-04040] FX This study was supported in part by the Pennsylvania Department of Health through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grant (ELC-04040) for National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 30 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 10 AR e77836 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0077836 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 243RL UT WOS:000326334500067 PM 24204990 ER PT J AU Felix, JD Elliott, EM Gish, TJ McConnell, LL Shaw, SL AF Felix, J. David Elliott, Emily M. Gish, Timothy J. McConnell, Laura L. Shaw, Stephanie L. TI Characterizing the isotopic composition of atmospheric ammonia emission sources using passive samplers and a combined oxidation-bacterial denitrifier approach SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS AMMONIA; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE; TRENDS; AREA; ABUNDANCE; ROADSIDE; VICINITY; SYSTEMS AB RATIONALE: Ammonia (NH3) emissions are a substantial source of nitrogen pollution to sensitive terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems and dependable quantification of NH3 sources is of growing importance due to recently observed increases in ammonium (NH4+) deposition rates. While determination of the nitrogen isotopic composition of NH3 (delta N-15-NH3) can aid in the quantification of NH3 emission sources, existing methods have precluded a comprehensive assessment of delta N-15-NH3 values from major emission sources. METHODS: We report an approach for the delta N-15-NH4+ analysis of low concentration NH4+ samples that couples the bromate oxidation of NH4+ to NO2- and the microbial denitrifier method for delta N-15-NO2- analysis. This approach reduces the required sample mass by 50-fold relative to standard elemental analysis (EA) procedures, is capable of high throughput, and eliminates toxic chemicals used in a prior method for the analysis of low concentration samples. Using this approach, we report a comprehensive inventory of delta N-15-NH3 values from major emission sources (including livestock operations, marine sources, vehicles, fertilized cornfields) collected using passive sampling devices. RESULTS: The delta N-15-NH4+ analysis approach developed has a standard deviation of +/- 0.7% and was used to analyze passively collected NH3 emissions with a wide range of ambient NH3 concentrations (0.2 to 165.6 mu g/m(3)). The delta N-15-NH3 values reveal that the NH3 emitted from volatilized livestock waste and fertilizer has relatively low delta N-15 values (-56 to -23 parts per thousand), allowing it to be differentiated from NH3 emitted from fossil fuel sources that are characterized by relatively high delta N-15 values (-15 to +2 parts per thousand). CONCLUSIONS: The isotopic source signatures presented in this emission inventory can be used as an additional tool in identifying NH3 emission sources and tracing their transport across localized landscapes and regions. The insight into the transport of NH3 emissions provided by isotopic investigation is an important step in devising strategies to reduce future NH3 emissions, a mounting concern for air quality scientists, epidemiologists, and policy-makers. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Felix, J. David; Elliott, Emily M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Gish, Timothy J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shaw, Stephanie L.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Felix, JD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, 4107 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM felixj@uncw.edu RI Elliott, Emily /E-8122-2011 OI Elliott, Emily /0000-0002-9653-1513 FU National Research Initiative Competitive from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Air Quality Program [05-13204-6800-00000-404178]; NSF [0929182]; EPRI FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive (Grant No. 05-13204-6800-00000-404178) from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Air Quality Program. We also acknowledge funding from NSF (Grant #0929182) and EPRI. We thank Katherine Redling for isotopic analysis at the University of Pittsburgh Regional Stable Isotope Laboratory for Earth and Environmental Science Research, the Sherry family for access to their property, John Cala for assistance in sample collection Sarah Dawsey at Cape Romain site for collecting samples, and PennDOT tunnel manager Tom Diddle for access to the Squirrel Hill Tunnel. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 9 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 30 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 20 BP 2239 EP 2246 DI 10.1002/rcm.6679 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 213PU UT WOS:000324071100003 PM 24019189 ER PT J AU Kumari, S Ware, D AF Kumari, Sunita Ware, Doreen TI Genome-Wide Computational Prediction and Analysis of Core Promoter Elements across Plant Monocots and Dicots SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; TRANSCRIPTION START SITE; FACTOR-BINDING SITES; CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS; TATA-LESS PROMOTERS; BASIC-PROTEIN GENE; CHIP-SEQ DATA; IN-VIVO; POL-II; PREINITIATION COMPLEX AB Transcription initiation, essential to gene expression regulation, involves recruitment of basal transcription factors to the core promoter elements (CPEs). The distribution of currently known CPEs across plant genomes is largely unknown. This is the first large scale genome-wide report on the computational prediction of CPEs across eight plant genomes to help better understand the transcription initiation complex assembly. The distribution of thirteen known CPEs across four monocots (Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays) and four dicots (Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, Vitis vinifera, Glycine max) reveals the structural organization of the core promoter in relation to the TATA-box as well as with respect to other CPEs. The distribution of known CPE motifs with respect to transcription start site (TSS) exhibited positional conservation within monocots and dicots with slight differences across all eight genomes. Further, a more refined subset of annotated genes based on orthologs of the model monocot (O. sativa ssp. japonica) and dicot (A. thaliana) genomes supported the positional distribution of these thirteen known CPEs. DNA free energy profiles provided evidence that the structural properties of promoter regions are distinctly different from that of the non-regulatory genome sequence. It also showed that monocot core promoters have lower DNA free energy than dicot core promoters. The comparison of monocot and dicot promoter sequences highlights both the similarities and differences in the core promoter architecture irrespective of the species-specific nucleotide bias. This study will be useful for future work related to genome annotation projects and can inspire research efforts aimed to better understand regulatory mechanisms of transcription. C1 [Kumari, Sunita; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Ware, Doreen] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Ware, D (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM ware@cshl.edu FU USDA [1907-21000-030]; Gramene [DBI 0703908] FX This work is funded by USDA (1907-21000-030) and Gramene (DBI 0703908). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 148 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 29 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 10 AR e79011 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079011 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 242VF UT WOS:000326270700101 PM 24205361 ER PT J AU Herrero, C Krankina, O Monleon, VJ Bravo, F AF Herrero, Celia Krankina, Olga Monleon, Vicente J. Bravo, Felipe TI Amount and distribution of coarse woody debris in pine ecosystems of north-western Spain, Russia and the United States SO IFOREST-BIOGEOSCIENCES AND FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Disturbance; Lodgepole Pine; Dead Wood; Ponderosa Pine; Scots Pine ID DEAD WOOD; BOREAL FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; DECOMPOSITION; WOODLANDS; RESIDUES; ECOLOGY; REGIMES AB The quantity and characteristics of coarse woody debris (CWD) were examined in four distinct pine ecosystems of north-western (NW) Spain, NW Russia and the NW USA. The average CWD volume and biomass ranged from 3.76 m(3) ha(-1), 1.55 Mg ha(-1) in pine plantations in NW Spain to 24.86 m(3) ha(-1), 6.69 Mg ha(-1) in Scots pine forest in NW Russia to 55.35 m(3) ha(-1), 20.38 Mg ha(-1) and 77.04 m(3) ha(-1), 28.84 Mg ha(-1) in ponderosa and lodgepole pine forests in the NW USA. Despite differences in species, ecological conditions and management histories, in all four ecosystems the mean snag volume was less than that of logs, most of the CWD mass was in an intermediate degree of decay, and mature stands had the greatest amount of CWD mass, followed by middle-age and then young stands. The CWD ratio (ratio of dead to live wood volume) ranged from 2.8% to 126.6%, depending on pine ecosystem and stand age, and was influenced by the type of natural and human disturbance. The difference in CWD amount and distribution among the regions studied reflected differences in disturbance history and management practices. Only in NW USA was the sample size large enough to examine the effect of disturbance type on CWD amount and distribution. There, fire and insect damage were found to considerably influence the amount of CWD in both lodgepole and ponderosa pine forests. Comparison of how different factors affect the amount and distribution of CWD in different ecosystems could be useful in developing ecologically sustainable forest management guidelines. C1 [Herrero, Celia; Bravo, Felipe] Univ Valladolid, Uva INIA, Sustainable Forest Management Res Inst, Palencia 34071, Spain. [Krankina, Olga] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Monleon, Vicente J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Herrero, C (reprint author), Univ Valladolid, Uva INIA, Sustainable Forest Management Res Inst, Avda Madrid 44, Palencia 34071, Spain. EM chdeaza@pvs.uva.es RI Bravo, Felipe/C-5073-2009 OI Bravo, Felipe/0000-0001-7348-6695 FU European Union; University of Valladolid grant program FX We want to express our gratitude to Becky Fasth, Mark Harmon, Mikhail Yatkov, Susan Morre and Valentin Pando for providing help with data support, analysis and the English language. This work was made possible through the INTERREG III B FORSEE project financed by the European Union and through the University of Valladolid grant program. The authors thank Andrea Blanch for her helpful English review and the anonymous referees for their valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 21 PU SISEF-SOC ITALIANA SELVICOLTURA ECOL FORESTALE PI POTENZA PA DEPT PROD VEGETALE, VIA ATENEO LUCANO 10, POTENZA, 85100, ITALY SN 1971-7458 J9 IFOREST JI iForest PD OCT 28 PY 2013 VL 7 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.3832/ifor0644-006 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AB2EJ UT WOS:000331605500001 ER PT J AU Zheng, JS Arnett, DK Lee, YC Shen, J Parnell, LD Smith, CE Richardson, K Li, D Borecki, IB Ordovas, JM Lai, CQ AF Zheng, Ju-Sheng Arnett, Donna K. Lee, Yu-Chi Shen, Jian Parnell, Laurence D. Smith, Caren E. Richardson, Kris Li, Duo Borecki, Ingrid B. Ordovas, Jose M. Lai, Chao-Qiang TI Genome-Wide Contribution of Genotype by Environment Interaction to Variation of Diabetes-Related Traits SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; COMMON SNPS EXPLAIN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LARGE PROPORTION; BREAST-CANCER; DIET NETWORK; HUMAN HEIGHT; LIFE-STYLE; FOLLOW-UP; ASSOCIATION AB While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene approaches have identified many genetic variants that contribute to disease risk as main effects, the impact of genotype by environment (GxE) interactions remains rather under-surveyed. To explore the importance of GxE interactions for diabetes-related traits, a tool for Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) was used to examine GxE variance contribution of 15 macronutrients and lifestyle to the total phenotypic variance of diabetes-related traits at the genome-wide level in a European American population. GCTA identified two key environmental factors making significant contributions to the GxE variance for diabetes-related traits: carbohydrate for fasting insulin (25.1% of total variance, P-nominal = 0.032) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (24.2% of total variance, P-nominal = 0.035), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) for HOMA-beta-cell-function (39.0% of total variance, P-nominal = 0.005). To demonstrate and support the results from GCTA, a GxE GWAS was conducted with each of the significant dietary factors and a control E factor (dietary protein), which contributed a non-significant GxE variance. We observed that GxE GWAS for the environmental factor contributing a significant GxE variance yielded more significant SNPs than the control factor. For each trait, we selected all significant SNPs produced from GxE GWAS, and conducted anew the GCTA to estimate the variance they contributed. We noted the variance contributed by these SNPs is higher than that of the control. In conclusion, we utilized a novel method that demonstrates the importance of genome-wide GxE interactions in explaining the variance of diabetes-related traits. C1 [Zheng, Ju-Sheng; Li, Duo] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Ju-Sheng; Lee, Yu-Chi; Shen, Jian; Parnell, Laurence D.; Smith, Caren E.; Richardson, Kris; Ordovas, Jose M.; Lai, Chao-Qiang] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, MA USA. [Shen, Jian] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Endocrinol, Bone & Mineral Unit, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Borecki, Ingrid B.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM duoli@zju.edu.cn; chaoqiang.lai@ars.usda.gov OI Zheng, Ju-Sheng/0000-0001-6560-4890 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [81273054]; Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20120101110107]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program) [2011CB504002]; NHLBI [HL54776, HL078885]; US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81273054); by the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20120101110107); by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program: 2011CB504002); by NHLBI grant number HL54776 and HL078885; by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 28 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 10 AR e77442 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0077442 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 242KW UT WOS:000326241200028 PM 24204828 ER PT J AU Beulens, JWJ Booth, SL van den Heuvel, EGHM Stoecklin, E Baka, A Vermeer, C AF Beulens, Joline W. J. Booth, Sarah L. van den Heuvel, Ellen G. H. M. Stoecklin, Elisabeth Baka, Athanasia Vermeer, Cees TI The role of menaquinones (vitamin K-2) in human health SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE Vitamin K; Dietary recommendations; Menaquinones; Bone health; CVD; Bioavailability ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; SERUM UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN; DEUTERIUM-LABELED PHYLLOQUINONE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; HIP-FRACTURE; K STATUS; DIETARY PHYLLOQUINONE; ELDERLY-WOMEN; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CIRCULATING LEVELS AB Recent reports have attributed the potential health benefits of vitamin K beyond its function to activate hepatic coagulation factors. Moreover, several studies have suggested that menaquinones, also known as vitamin K-2, may be more effective in activating extra-hepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins than phylloquinone, also known as vitamin K-1. Nevertheless, present dietary reference values (DRV) for vitamin K are exclusively based on phylloquinone, and its function in coagulation. The present review describes the current knowledge on menaquinones based on the following criteria for setting DRV: optimal dietary intake; nutrient amount required to prevent deficiency, maintain optimal body stores and/or prevent chronic disease; factors influencing requirements such as absorption, metabolism, age and sex. Dietary intake of menaquinones accounts for up to 25% of total vitamin K intake and contributes to the biological functions of vitamin K. However, menaquinones are different from phylloquinone with respect to their chemical structure and pharmacokinetics, which affects bioavailability, metabolism and perhaps impact on health outcomes. There are significant gaps in the current knowledge on menaquinones based on the criteria for setting DRV. Therefore, we conclude that further investigations are needed to establish how differences among the vitamin K forms may influence tissue specificities and their role in human health. However, there is merit for considering both menaquinones and phylloquinone when developing future recommendations for vitamin K intake. C1 [Beulens, Joline W. J.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [van den Heuvel, Ellen G. H. M.] Royal Friesland Campina, Amersfoort, Netherlands. [van den Heuvel, Ellen G. H. M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, EMGO Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Stoecklin, Elisabeth] DSM Nutr Prod Ltd, Res & Dev, Human Nutr & Hlth, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland. [Baka, Athanasia] ILSI Europe Aisbl, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Vermeer, Cees] Maastricht Univ, VitaK, Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Beulens, JWJ (reprint author), ILSI Europe Aisbl, Ave E Mounier 83,Box 6, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. EM publications@ilsieurope.be OI Vermeer, Cees/0000-0002-2300-8561 FU Netherlands Heart Foundation [2008T062]; USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX The present study was commissioned by the Addition of Nutrients to Foods Task Force and the Nutrient Requirements Task Force of the European Branch of the European branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI Europe). Industry members of these task forces are Barilla G. & R. Fratelli, BASF SE, Bunge Europe, Coca-Cola Europe, Danone, DSM, Kellogg Europe, Nestle, Red Bull, Royal FrieslandCampina, Ulker Biskuvi and Unilever. This publication was coordinated by Athanasia Baka, Evangelia Grammatikaki and Christophe Matthys, Scientific Project Managers at ILSI Europe. For further information about ILSI Europe, please email info@ilsieurope. be or call +32 2 771 00 14. The opinions expressed herein and the conclusions of this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ILSI Europe nor those of its member companies. A. B. is employed by ILSI Europe. J. W. J. B., S. L. B. and C. V. received an honorarium from ILSI Europe for their participation in this publication and/ or reimbursement of their travel and accommodation costs for attending the related meetings. J. W. J. B. was supported by a personal Dr Dekker postdoctoral grant (2008T062) from the Netherlands Heart Foundation. S. L. B. was supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. VitaK collaborates with a variety of industries in the nutrition area and performs contract research on both vitamin K1 and K2. J. W. J. B., S. L. B., E. G. H. M. v. d. H. and C. V. wrote the manuscript. All authors participated in the discussions about the content of the manuscript. E. S. and A. B. critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. NR 107 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 8 U2 55 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD OCT 28 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 8 BP 1357 EP 1368 DI 10.1017/S0007114513001013 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 234YZ UT WOS:000325681900001 PM 23590754 ER PT J AU Mulliniks, JT Mathis, CP Cox, SH Petersen, MK AF Mulliniks, J. T. Mathis, C. P. Cox, S. H. Petersen, M. K. TI Supplementation strategy during late gestation alters steer progeny health in the feedlot without affecting cow performance SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beef cattle; Fetal programming; Protein supplementation; Reproduction ID BEEF-COWS; LEVEL AB Implementation of minimal supplemental strategies during late gestation has been reported to potentially increase post-weaning progeny health in the feedlot. Therefore, to investigate the effects of nutritional management strategies during late gestation on cow and subsequent steer progeny performance, 103 gestating cows grazing dormant winter range were utilized at Corona Range and Livestock Research Center, Corona, NM. Cows were supplemented with (1) a 36% crude protein (CP) supplement (CSM) fed 3 x /wk at a rate of 454 g cow(-1) d(-1), (2) self-fed supplement comprised of 50% corn gluten meal and 50% mineral (SMP; 28% CP), or (3) cows fed no protein supplement during late gestation (NS). Cows were supplemented for 60 d from December until 2 wk prior to calving. Supplement consumption was 0.45, 0.17, and 0.00 kg/d for CSM, SMP, and NS. After weaning, steers were preconditioned for 45 d and were received and treated as custom-fed commercial cattle at a feedlot in mid-November. Cow BW and BCS were not influenced (P >= 0.55) by late gestation management strategy throughout the study. Prepartum supplementation strategies did not influence (P=0.75) subsequent pregnancy rates. Calf BW at weaning, during the feedlot phase, and HCW were not different (P >= 0.52) among dam prepartum treatments. A greater percentage of steers from dams fed CSM and NS were treated for sickness than SMP steers (P=0.05). Death loss in the feedlot was greater (P=0.02) for steers from CSM dams. Steer carcass traits and quality were not different (P >= 0.17) among prepartum management strategies. Net profit in the feedlot was decreased (P=0.05) in steers from CSM darns compared to steers from SMP and NS dams. In this study, the non-supplement treatment was as effective as SMP treatment for cow performance and profitability in the feedlot. This study indicates that feeding a high ruminally undegradable protein self-fed supplement during late gestation increases calf feedlot health in the feedlot compared to a traditional hand-fed, oilseed-based supplement. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mulliniks, J. T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Crossville, TN 38571 USA. [Cox, S. H.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Mathis, C. P.] New Mexico State Univ, Extens Anim Sci & Nat Resources Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Petersen, M. K.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Petersen, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM jmulli@utk.edu; mark.petersen@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 EI 1873-2216 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD OCT 25 PY 2013 VL 185 IS 3-4 BP 126 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.07.006 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 239YI UT WOS:000326061500002 ER PT J AU Yang, YT Scott, RL Shang, SH AF Yang, Yuting Scott, Russell L. Shang, Songhao TI Modeling evapotranspiration and its partitioning over a semiarid shrub ecosystem from satellite imagery: a multiple validation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; evaporation; transpiration; remote sensing; shrub ecosystem ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ENERGY-BALANCE MODEL; SAP FLOW; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; WATER MANAGEMENT; SOIL-MOISTURE; HEAT-FLUX; VEGETATION; EVAPORATION AB Numerous modeling approaches have been proposed to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) and its partitioning between evaporation from soil (E) and transpiration from vegetation (T) over the last several decades. Although these ET models claimed to give reasonable E and T partitioning, few studies have compared their modeling results with direct E and T observations. In this study, a hybrid dual source scheme and trapezoid framework based evapotranspiration model (HTEM) fed with MODIS data was applied in a Chihuahuan Desert shrubland during the growing season of 2003 and validated with direct ET measurement using the Bowen-ratio technique and T measurement using scaled-up sap-flow measurements. Results show that the HTEM is capable of decomposing the remotely sensed land surface temperature into temperature components (soil and canopy temperatures) and providing accurate E and T estimates. At satellite overpass time, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of estimated latent heat flux (LE) is 47.7 W/m(2). The agreement between estimated and simulated LE was largely improved when observed net radiation and ground heat flux were used (35.1 W/m(2)). At daily scale, the RMSE of estimated daily ET, E, and T are 0.52, 0.36, and 0.41 mm/day, respectively. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Yang, Yuting; Shang, Songhao] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Yang, Yuting] Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Yang, Yuting] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Environm, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Yang, YT (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yyt08@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn RI yang, yuting/C-8527-2014 OI yang, yuting/0000-0002-4573-1929 FU Australian National Center for Groundwater Research and Training; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51279077]; National Key Technology R&D Program of China [2011BAD25B05] FX This work is financially supported by Australian National Center for Groundwater Research and Training, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51279077), and the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2011BAD25B05). NR 58 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 48 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD OCT 25 PY 2013 VL 7 AR 073495 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.7.073495 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 240CM UT WOS:000326072300001 ER PT J AU Guo, QF Kelt, DA Sun, ZY Liu, HX Hu, LJ Ren, H Wen, J AF Guo, Qinfeng Kelt, Douglas A. Sun, Zhongyu Liu, Hongxiao Hu, Liangjun Ren, Hai Wen, Jun TI Global variation in elevational diversity patterns SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SPECIES-RICHNESS PATTERNS; SMALL MAMMALS; GRADIENTS; SCALE; ECOLOGY; PLANTS; RULE AB While horizontal gradients of biodiversity have been examined extensively in the past, vertical diversity gradients (elevation, water depth) are attracting increasing attention. We compiled data from 443 elevational gradients involving diverse organisms worldwide to investigate how elevational diversity patterns may vary between the Northern and Southern hemispheres and across latitudes. Our results show that most elevational diversity curves are positively skewed (maximum diversity below the middle of the gradient) and the elevation of the peak in diversity increases with the elevation of lower sampling limits and to a lesser extent with upper limit. Mountains with greater elevational extents, and taxonomic groups that are more inclusive, show proportionally more unimodal patterns whereas other ranges and taxa show highly variable gradients. The two hemispheres share some interesting similarities but also remarkable differences, likely reflecting differences in landmass and mountain configurations. Different taxonomic groups exhibit diversity peaks at different elevations, probably reflecting both physical and physiological constraints. C1 [Guo, Qinfeng] USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Kelt, Douglas A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sun, Zhongyu; Liu, Hongxiao; Ren, Hai] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, South China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Hu, Liangjun] NE Normal Univ, MOE Key Lab Vegetat Ecol Sci, Changchun 130021, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Wen, Jun] Univ N Carolina, Inst Effectiveness Res & Planning, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM qguo@fs.fed.us; renhai@scib.ac.cn NR 32 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 56 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 25 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 3007 DI 10.1038/srep03007 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240KG UT WOS:000326094100001 PM 24157658 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K Lightfield, AR Nunez, A Dutko, T Ng, C Bluhm, L AF Lehotay, Steven J. Mastovska, Katerina Lightfield, Alan R. Nunez, Alberto Dutko, Terry Ng, Chilton Bluhm, Louis TI Rapid analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics in bovine tissues using disposable pipette extraction and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Aminoglycoside antibiotic residues; Analysis; Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography; Tandem mass spectrometry; Bovine tissues ID VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; SAMPLE PREPARATION; FOOD; KIDNEY; VALIDATION; MATRIX; CHALLENGES; QUECHERS AB A high-throughput qualitative screening and identification method for 9 aminoglycosides of regulatory interest has been developed, validated, and implemented for bovine kidney, liver, and muscle tissues. The method involves extraction at previously validated conditions, cleanup using disposable pipette extraction, and analysis by a 3 min ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. The drug analytes include neomycin, streptomycin, dihydrosptreptomycin, and spectinomycin, which have residue tolerances in bovine in the US, and kanamicin, gentamicin, apramycin, amikacin, and hygromycin, which do not have US tolerances established in bovine tissues. Tobramycin was used as an internal standard. An additional drug, paromomycin also was validated in the method, but it was dropped during implementation due to conversion of neomycin into paromomycin. Proposed fragmentation patterns for the monitored ions of each analyte were elucidated with the aid of high resolution MS using a quadrupole-time-of-flight instrument. Recoveries from spiking experiments at regulatory levels of concern showed that all analytes averaged 70-120% recoveries in all tissues, except hygromycin averaged 61% recovery. Lowest calibrated levels were as low as 0.005 mu g/g in matrix extracts, which approximately corresponded to the limit of detection for screening purposes. Drug identifications at levels <0.05 mu g/g were made in spiked and/or real samples for all analytes and tissues tested. Analyses of 60 samples from 20 slaughtered cattle previously screened positive for aminoglycosides showed that this method worked well in practice. The UHPLC-MS/MS method has several advantages compared to the previous microbial inhibition screening assay, especially for distinguishing individual drugs from a mixture and improving identification of gentamicin in tissue samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lehotay, Steven J.; Mastovska, Katerina; Lightfield, Alan R.; Nunez, Alberto] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Dutko, Terry] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Midwestern Lab, St Louis, MO 63120 USA. [Ng, Chilton; Bluhm, Louis] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 25 PY 2013 VL 1313 SI SI BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.103 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 234VU UT WOS:000325673200009 PM 24075075 ER PT J AU Drolet, BS Reister, LM Rigg, TD Nol, P Podell, BK Mecham, JO VerCauteren, KC van Rijn, PA Wilson, WC Bowen, RA AF Drolet, Barbara S. Reister, Lindsey M. Rigg, Tara D. Nol, Pauline Podell, Brendan K. Mecham, James O. VerCauteren, Kurt C. van Rijn, Piet A. Wilson, William C. Bowen, Richard A. TI Experimental infection of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Northern European bluetongue virus serotype 8 SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bluetongue virus serotype 8; BTV-8; White-tailed deer; Odocoileus virginianus ID EPIZOOTIC-HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WILD RUMINANTS; RED DEER; ANTILOCAPRA-AMERICANA; PRONGHORN ANTELOPE; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SPAIN AB Bluetongue (BT) is an insect-transmitted, economically important disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Although only five of the 26 reported bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes are considered endemic to the USA, 10 exotic serotypes have been isolated primarily in the southeastern region of the country since 1999. For an exotic BTV serotype to become endemic there must be susceptible animal species and competent vectors. In the USA, sheep and white-tailed deer (WTD) are the primary sentinel livestock and wildlife species, respectively. In 2006, BTV-8 was introduced into Northern Europe and subsequently overwintered, causing unprecedented livestock disease and mortality during the 2006-2007 vector seasons. To assess the risk of the European strain of BTV-8 to North American WTD, and understand the role they could play after a similar introduction, eight bluetongue-seronegative WTD were inoculated with BTV-8. Body temperatures and clinical signs were recorded daily. Blood samples were analyzed for BTV RNA with quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), serum analyzed for BTV antibodies by cELISA, and tissues taken for histopathology and qRT-PCR. All eight deer became infected and developed moderate to severe clinical disease from days 8 to 15. Peak viremia was from day 7 to 10 with detectable titers through the end of the study (28 days) in most deer. Serum antibody was detected by day 6, peaked by day 10 and continued through day 28. We conclude that North American WTD are highly susceptible to BTV-8 and would act as clinical disease sentinels and amplifying hosts during an outbreak. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Drolet, Barbara S.; Reister, Lindsey M.; Mecham, James O.; Wilson, William C.] ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Rigg, Tara D.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nol, Pauline] Vet Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Podell, Brendan K.; Bowen, Richard A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [van Rijn, Piet A.] Wageningen Univ, Cent Vet Inst, CVI, Dept Virol, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. RP Drolet, BS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM barbara.drolet@ars.usda.gov RI van Rijn, Piet/C-1163-2017; Podell, Brendan/D-8396-2017 OI van Rijn, Piet/0000-0002-2594-1232; Podell, Brendan/0000-0003-2548-8826 FU USDA, ARS, NP103 Animal Health National Program [5430-32000-002] FX We thank Paul Gordy, Colorado State University, for technical assistance in sequencing BTV-8 from blood samples. We thank Dr. D. Scott McVey and Dr. Mark Ruder (ABADRU) for critical review of this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the USDA, ARS, NP103 Animal Health National Program, Project Number 5430-32000-002. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT 25 PY 2013 VL 166 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.05.027 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 225JW UT WOS:000324960200004 PM 23876932 ER PT J AU Nelson, DD Taus, NS Schneider, DA Cunha, CW Davis, WC Brown, WC Li, H O'Toole, D Oaks, JL AF Nelson, Danielle D. Taus, Naomi S. Schneider, David A. Cunha, Cristina W. Davis, William C. Brown, Wendy C. Li, Hong O'Toole, Donal Oaks, J. Lindsay TI Fibroblasts express OvHV-2 capsid protein in vasculitis lesions of American bison (Bison bison) with experimental sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ovine herpesvirus-2; Malignant catarrhal fever; Bison; Gammaherpesvirus; Vasculitis ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; OUTBREAK; FEEDLOT; COW AB American bison (Bison bison) are particularly susceptible to developing fatal sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) caused by ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), a gamma-herpesvirus in the Macavirus genus. This generally fatal disease is characterized by lymphoproliferation, vasculitis, and mucosal ulceration in American bison, domestic cattle (Bos taurus), and other clinically susceptible species which are considered non-adapted, dead-end hosts. The pathogenesis and cellular tropism of OvHV-2 infection have not been fully defined. An earlier study detected OvHV-2 open reading frame 25 (ORF25) transcripts encoding the viral major capsid protein in tissues of bison with SA-MCF, and levels of viral transcript expression positively correlated with lesion severity. To further define the cellular tropism and replication of OvHV-2 infection in vascular lesions of bison, immunofluorescence studies were performed to identify cell type(s) expressing ORF25 protein within tissues. Cytoplasmic and not nuclear ORF25 protein was demonstrated in predominantly perivascular fibroblasts in six bison with experimentally-induced SA-MCF, and there was no evidence of immunoreactivity in vascular endothelium, smooth muscle, or infiltrating leukocytes. The cytoplasmic distribution of viral major capsid protein suggests that viral replication in perivascular fibroblasts may be abortive in this dead-end host. These findings provide a novel foundation for defining the pathogenesis of vasculitis in non-adapted hosts with SA-MCF. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nelson, Danielle D.; Taus, Naomi S.; Davis, William C.; Brown, Wendy C.; Li, Hong; Oaks, J. Lindsay] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Davis, William C.] Washington State Univ, Monoclonal Antibody Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brown, Wendy C.] Washington State Univ, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Taus, Naomi S.; Schneider, David A.; Cunha, Cristina W.; Li, Hong] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. [O'Toole, Donal] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Nelson, DD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, POB 647040,Coll Stn,402 Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM danielled@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [CWU 5348-320000-032-00D] FX The authors express their gratitude to and affection for the late J. Lindsay Oaks, the primary investigator. The authors thank Huijun Yan, Tom Truscott, Sue Pritchard, Jan Keller, Shirley Elias, and Lori Fuller for technical assistance and Rod Rogers for animal care. This work was partially supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (CWU 5348-320000-032-00D). NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT 25 PY 2013 VL 166 IS 3-4 BP 486 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.021 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 225JW UT WOS:000324960200019 PM 23953727 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Yildirim-Aksoy, M Klesius, PH Kojima, K Mobley, JA Srivastava, KK Reddy, PG AF Pridgeon, J. W. Yildirim-Aksoy, M. Klesius, P. H. Kojima, K. Mobley, J. A. Srivastava, K. K. Reddy, P. G. TI Identification of gyrB and rpoB gene mutations and differentially expressed proteins between a novobiocin-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila catfish vaccine strain and its virulent parent strain SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas hydrophila; Immunogen; Virulence factor; Mass spectrometry ID IMMUNOREACTIVE PROTEINS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; DNA GYRASE; COUMERMYCIN; ANTIGENS; ANTIBODY AB A total of 10 and 13 missense mutations were found in the deduced gyrB and rpoB proteins, respectively, between avirulent AH11NOVO vaccine strain and its virulent parent strain AH11P. SOS-PAGE revealed that six proteins bands were significantly over-expressed in AH11NOVO whereas five bands were significantly over-expressed in AH11P. Mass spectrometry identified seven proteins from the over-expressed AH11NOVO gel bands and five proteins from the over-expressed AH11P gel bands. QPCR confirmed that all 12 genes corresponding to the proteins identified by mass spectrometry were significantly over-expressed in AH11NOVO or AH11P. When AHIINOVO proteins were subjected to Western blot analysis, 13 protein bands exhibited significantly stronger reactivity with hyper-immune catfish sera. Fifteen proteins were identified from immunogenic protein bands, including six (formate acetyltransferase, chaperone htpG, transketolase, ATP synthase subunit alpha, asparagine-tRNA ligase, and serine hydroxymethyltransferase) that were over-expressed in AH11NOVO proteins and three (elongation factor G, class II fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and a putative uncharacterized 23 kDa protein) that were over-expressed in AH11P. In addition, the following six proteins were also identified from the immunogenic protein bands: pyruvate dehydrogenase El component, ATP synthase subunit beta, ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 50S ribosomal L10, and 50S ribosomal L15. Our results might provide insights on how to develop novel efficacious vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pridgeon, J. W.; Yildirim-Aksoy, M.; Klesius, P. H.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Kojima, K.; Mobley, J. A.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Surg, UAB Bioanalyt & Mass Spectrometry Shared Facil, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Yildirim-Aksoy, M.; Srivastava, K. K.; Reddy, P. G.] Tuskegee Univ, Coll Vet Med Nursing & Allied Hlth, Dept Pathol, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D]; USDA NIFA [ALV-2010-02459]; NIFA FX We thank Drs. Dunhua Zhang (USDA-ARS) and Victor Panangala (USDA collaborator) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Beth Peterman (USDA-ARS) for her technical support. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-024-00D and USDA NIFA project # ALV-2010-02459. Yildirim-Aksoy was supported by the NIFA project. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT 25 PY 2013 VL 166 IS 3-4 BP 624 EP 630 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.025 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 225JW UT WOS:000324960200036 PM 23968889 ER PT J AU Scoles, GA Ueti, MW AF Scoles, Glen A. Ueti, Massaro W. TI Amblyomma cajennense is an intrastadial biological vector of Theileria equi SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Equine piroplasmosis; Tick-borne transmission; Vector competence; Dermacentor variabilis; Amblyomma cajennense; Theileria equi; Intrastadial transmission ID CHRONICALLY INFECTED HORSES; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI ACARI; TICK BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; BABESIA-EQUI; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; SAO-PAULO; IXODIDAE; PIROPLASMOSIS; BRAZIL; TRANSMISSION AB Background: The apicomplexan hemoprotozoan parasite Theileria equi is one of the etiologic agents causing equine piroplasmosis, a disease of equines that is endemic throughout large parts of the world. Before 2009 the United States had been considered to be free of this parasite. Occasional cases had occurred but there was no evidence for endemic vector-borne transmission in the U.S. until a 2009 outbreak in Texas in which Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma cajennense were implicated as vectors. Although D. variabilis has previously been shown to be a competent laboratory vector, studies suggested A. cajennense was not a competent transstadial vector, even though the presence of this tick species on horses in South American is epidemiologicaly correlated with higher a prevalence of infection. In this study we tested the transstadial and intrastadial vector competence of D. variabilis and A. cajennense for T. equi. Methods: A tick passaged T. equi strain from the Texas outbreak and ticks colonized from engorged females collected off horses on the outbreak ranch in Texas were used for these studies. Nymph or adult ticks were fed on infected horses and transmission fed on naive horses. Infections were tracked with PCR and serology, dissected tick tissues were tested with PCR. Results: A. cajennense transmitted T. equi intrastadially when adult ticks acquired infection by feeding on an infected horse, and transmitted to a naive host on subsequent reattachment and feeding. D. variabilis failed to transmit in the same experiment. Transstadial transmission was not successful for either tick species. PCR on DNA isolated from eggs of females that had fed on an infected horse suggests that there is no transovarial passage of this parasite by either tick species. Conclusion: This work confirms that ticks from the Texas population of A. cajennense are competent intrastadial vectors of T. equi. We propose that the most likely natural mode of transmission for this parasite/vector combination in the Texas outbreak would have been biological transmission resulting from adult male ticks moving between infected and uninfected horses. The intrastadial mode of transmission should be considered as one equally possible scenario whenever implicating vectors of T. equi. C1 [Scoles, Glen A.; Ueti, Massaro W.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, ADBF 3003, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Scoles, GA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, ADBF 3003, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Scoles@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA, ARS, CRIS [5348-32000-034-00D] FX Thanks to James Allison, Sara Davis, Ralph Horn and Kathy Mason for providing superior technical assistance. Funding for this work comes from USDA, ARS, CRIS project #5348-32000-034-00D. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD OCT 23 PY 2013 VL 6 AR 306 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-6-306 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 277OI UT WOS:000328828600003 PM 24499587 ER PT J AU Glenn, DM Yuri, JA AF Glenn, D. Michael Antonio Yuri, Jose TI Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) x ultraviolet radiation (UV) interact to initiate solar injury in apple SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Sunburn; Kaolin; Surround(Tm); Chlorophyll fluorescence; Raynox(Tm); Fruit surface temperature ID SUN-EXPOSED PEEL; KAOLIN PARTICLE FILM; CHLOROPHYLL-FLUORESCENCE; SHADED PEEL; HIGH LIGHT; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HEAT INJURY; FUJI APPLE; FRUIT AB Solar injury (SI) in apple is associated with high temperature, high visible light and ultraviolet radiation (UV). Fruit surface temperature (FST) thresholds for SI related disorders have been developed but there are no thresholds established for solar radiation. The objective of the study was to measure the effect of different levels of FST, PAR and UV on quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) alone and in combination to identify interactions affecting Fv/Fm recovery to serve as a guideline in evaluating SI-prevention technology. The variable transmission of UVb, UVa, PAR, and NIR through films of Surround(TM) and Raynox(TM) provided a wide range of radiation levels at the fruit surface to model Fv/Fm of photosystem II (PSII) in growth chamber and greenhouse studies. Increasing UV and PAR reduced Fv/Fm the greatest amount in 'Gala' while 'Granny Smith' had the least reduction suggesting that PSII in 'Granny Smith' has higher UV and PAR tolerance. All cultivars except 'Fuji' at harvest had some interaction component of PAR and UV that decreased Fv/Fm compared to untreated control fruit as both PAR and UV increased. When re-exposure was conducted on the 5 cultivars, Fv/Fm further decreased with the cumulative PAR and UV despite having a period of dark recovery between each 24 h exposure. Cultivar differences have a strong influence on the sensitivity of the peel to FST and radiation levels. Cultivars differ in their response to FST, UV and PAR as they mature and also exhibit year-to-year variation. This inconsistency suggests that acclimation to the environment also varies between years. PAR x UV interactions are complex and include the acclimation of the cultivar to the stress but in the prevention of SI, reducing FST, PAR and UV simultaneously is likely the most effective strategy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Glenn, D. Michael] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Antonio Yuri, Jose] Univ Talca, Ctr Pomaceas, Talca, Chile. RP Glenn, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.glenn@ars.usda.gov FU Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc. FX The authors wish to thank Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc. for partial financial support of this research. Institut fur Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie,Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat, Staudtstr. 5, Germany. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 EI 1879-1018 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD OCT 23 PY 2013 VL 162 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2013.07.037 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 272AB UT WOS:000328431600016 ER EF