FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Cohnstaedt, LW Fernandez-Salas, I Clark, GG AF Cohnstaedt, Lee W. Fernandez-Salas, Ildefonso Clark, Gary G. TI MOSQUITO VECTOR BIOLOGY AND CONTROL IN LATIN AMERICA-A 25TH SYMPOSIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION AB The 25th Annual Latin American Symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 81st Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA, in March 2015. The principal objective, as for the previous 24 symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 24 presentations that were given orally in Spanish by participants from Colombia, Mexico, and the USA. Topics addressed in the symposium included: surveillance, operations, ecology, chemical control, studies of dengue viruses, and insecticide resistance. Insect vectors included Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles mosquitoes in addition to phlebotomine sand flies and triatomine bugs. SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 286 EP 296 UT WOS:000361561200013 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Tonnis, B An, YQC Pinnow, D Tishchenko, V Pederson, GA AF Wang, Ming Li Tonnis, Brandon An, Yong-Qiang Charles Pinnow, Dave Tishchenko, Viktor Pederson, Gary A. TI Newly identified natural high-oleate mutant from Arachis hypogaea L. subsp hypogaea SO MOLECULAR BREEDING AB Natural genetic variation exists in animals and plants. Mining and utilizing this variation may provide benefits for new breed/cultivar development. From screening over 4000 cultivated peanut germ-plasm accessions, we identified two natural mutant lines (PI 342664 and PI 342666) with 80 % oleic acid by gas chromatography analysis. It is known that FAD2A and FAD2B are the two major genes involved in the conversion of oleic to linoleic acid in peanuts by fatty acid desaturase. Functional mutations in one or both genes can alter the oleate level. By sequencing the coding region of these two genes, we identified a substitution of G448A in FAD2A and a substitution of C301G in FAD2B for both mutant lines. The substitution in FAD2A is the same as a previously identified one, resulting in a missense amino acid substitution of D150N, but the substitution in FAD2B is a new one, resulting in H101D. The new amino acid substitution on FAD2B is located in the first histidine box (one of the active sites) of the fatty acid desaturase and may significantly decrease its activity. Our mutants did not have flowers on the main stem (subspecies hypogaea), but F435 (a previously identified natural high-oleate mutant) had flowers on the main stem (subspecies fastigiata). Therefore, we identified a class of natural mutants from the subspecies hypogaea and provided new additional genetic resources for breeders to use. Our results also demonstrate a good example of the importance and usefulness for preserving natural genetic diversity and utilizing plant germ-plasm collections. SN 1380-3743 EI 1572-9788 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 35 IS 9 AR 186 DI 10.1007/s11032-015-0377-3 UT WOS:000361818500009 ER PT J AU Khiutti, A Spooner, DM Jansky, SH Halterman, DA AF Khiutti, A. Spooner, D. M. Jansky, S. H. Halterman, D. A. TI Testing Taxonomic Predictivity of Foliar and Tuber Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Wild Relatives of Potato SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB Potato late blight, caused by the oomycete phytopathogen Phytophthora infestans, is a devastating disease found in potato-growing regions worldwide. Long-term management strategies to control late blight include the incorporation of host resistance to predominant strains. However, due to rapid genetic changes within pathogen populations, rapid and recurring identification and integration of novel host resistance traits is necessary. Wild relatives of potato offer a rich source of desirable traits, including late blight resistance, but screening methods can be time intensive. We tested the ability of taxonomy, ploidy, crossing group, breeding system, and geography to predict the presence of foliar and tuber late blight resistance in wild Solanum spp. Significant variation for resistance to both tuber and foliar late blight was found within and among species but there was no discernable predictive power based on taxonomic series, clade, ploidy, breeding system, elevation, or geographic location. We observed a moderate but significant correlation between tuber and foliar resistance within species. Although previously uncharacterized sources of both foliar and tuber resistance were identified, our study does not support an assumption that taxonomic or geographic data can be used to predict sources of late blight resistance in wild Solanum spp. SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1198 EP 1205 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-02-15-0046-R UT WOS:000361780700005 PM 25871860 ER PT J AU Feng, JY Wang, MN Chen, XM See, DR Zheng, YL Chao, SM Wan, AM AF Feng, J. Y. Wang, M. N. Chen, X. M. See, D. R. Zheng, Y. L. Chao, S. M. Wan, A. M. TI Molecular Mapping of YrSP and Its Relationship with Other Genes for Stripe Rust Resistance in Wheat Chromosome 2BL SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is an important disease of wheat worldwide. Resistance is the best way to control the disease. YrSP, a gene originally from 'Spaldings Prolific' wheat and providing resistance to a broad spectrum of races, is used for differentiating striiformis f. sp. tritici races but its chromosomal location is not clear. To map YrSP, a near-isogenic line (AvSYrSPNIL) was backcrossed to the recurrent parent, Avocet S. Genetic analysis of the BC7F1, BC8, BC7F2, and BC7F3 progenies confirmed a single dominant gene for resistance. In total, 182 BC7F2 plants and their derived BC7F3 lines were phenotyped with an avirulent P. striiformis f sp. triad race and genotyped with simple-sequence repeat (SSR), single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and sequence-tagged site (STS) markers. A linkage map was constructed with 3 SSR, 17 SNP, and 3 STS markers covering 23.3 centimorgans (cM). Markers IWA638 and dp269 were 0.6 cM proximal and 1.5 cM distal, respectively, to YrSP. The gene was mapped in chromosome bin 2BL-C-0.5, physically within the proximal 50% of the chromosome 2BL arm. Allelism tests based on F-2 phenotypes indicated that YrSP is closely linked to but not allelic with genes Yr5, Yr7, Yr43, Yr44, and Yr53. Infection type data from tests with 10 historical and currently predominant P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races in the United States also demonstrated differences in specificity between YrSP and the other genes. The specificity of YrSP is useful in differentiating P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races and studying the plant pathogen interactions, and the information of chromosomal location of the gene and its tightly linked markers should be useful in developing resistant cultivars when combined with other genes for resistance to stripe rust. SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1206 EP 1213 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-03-15-0060-R UT WOS:000361780700006 PM 25871858 ER PT J AU Simko, I Ochoa, OE Pel, MA Tsuchida, C Forcada, CFI Hayes, RJ Truco, MJ Antonise, R Galeano, CH Michelmore, RW AF Simko, Ivan Ochoa, Oswaldo E. Pel, Mathieu A. Tsuchida, Cayla Forcada, Carolina Font i Hayes, Ryan J. Truco, Maria-Jose Antonise, Rudie Galeano, Carlos H. Michelmore, Richard W. TI Resistance to Downy Mildew in Lettuce 'La Brillante' is Conferred by Dm50 Gene and Multiple QTL SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB Many cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) are susceptible to downy mildew, a nearly globally ubiquitous disease caused by Bremia lactucae. We previously determined that Batavia type cultivar 'La Brillante' has a high level of field resistance to the disease in California. Testing of a mapping population developed from a cross between 'Salinas 88' and La Brillante in multiple field and laboratory experiments revealed that at least five loci conferred resistance in La Brillante. The presence of a new dominant resistance gene (designated Dm50) that confers complete resistance to specific isolates was detected in laboratory tests of seedlings inoculated with multiple diverse isolates. Dm50 is located in the major resistance cluster on linkage group 2 that contains at least eight major, dominant Din genes conferring resistance to downy mildew. However, this Dm gene is ineffective against the isolates of B. lactucae prevalent in the field in California and the Netherlands. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) located at the Dm50 chromosomal region (qDM2.2) was detected, though, when the amount of disease was evaluated a month before plants reached harvest maturity. Four additional QTL for resistance to B. lactucae were identified on linkage groups 4 (qDM4.1 and qDM4.2),7 (qDM7.1), and 9 (qDM9.2). The largest effect was associated with qDM7.1 (up to 32.9% of the total phenotypic variance) that determined resistance in multiple field experiments. Markers identified in the present study will facilitate introduction of these resistance loci into commercial cultivars of lettuce. RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012; Font i Forcada, Carolina/E-1316-2017 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477; Font i Forcada, Carolina/0000-0003-3956-9344 SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1220 EP 1228 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-02-15-0057-R UT WOS:000361780700008 PM 25915441 ER PT J AU Hartung, JS Roy, A Fu, SM Shao, J Schneider, WL Brlansky, RH AF Hartung, John S. Roy, Avijit Fu, Shimin Shao, Jonathan Schneider, William L. Brlansky, Ronald H. TI History and Diversity of Citrus leprosis virus Recorded in Herbarium Specimens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB Leprosis refers to two diseases of citrus that present similar necrotic local lesions, often surrounded by chlorotic haloes on citrus. Two distinct viruses are associated with this disease, one that produces particles primarily in the nucleus of infected plant cells (Citrus leprosis virus nuclear type [CiLV-N]; Dichorhavirus) and another type that produces particles in the cytoplasm of infected plant cells (Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type [CiLV-C]; Cilevirus). Both forms are transmitted by Brevipalpid mites and have bipartite, single-stranded, RNA genomes. CiLV-C and CiLV-N are present in South and Central America and as far north as parts of Mexico. Although leprosis disease was originally described from Florida, it disappeared from there in the 1960s. The United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service maintains preserved citrus specimens identified at inspection stations 50 or more years ago with symptoms of citrus leprosis. We isolated RNA from these samples and performed degradome sequencing. We obtained nearly full-length genome sequences of both a typical CiLV-C isolate intercepted from Argentina in 1967 and a distinct CiLV-N isolate obtained in Florida in 1948. The latter is a novel form of CiLV-N, not known to exist anywhere in the world today. We have also documented the previously unreported presence of CiLV-N in Mexico in the mid-20th century. SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1277 EP 1284 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-03-15-0064-R UT WOS:000361780700014 PM 25961338 ER PT J AU Esquivel, JF Brown, VA Harvey, RB Droleskey, RE AF Esquivel, J. F. Brown, V. A. Harvey, R. B. Droleskey, R. E. TI A Black Color Morph of Adult Nezara viridula (L.) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 40 IS 3 BP 649 EP 652 UT WOS:000361820600017 ER PT J AU Zhang, FF Parsons, SK AF Zhang, Fang Fang Parsons, Susan K. TI Obesity in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Call for Early Weight Management SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION AB A high prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic conditions has been increasingly recognized in childhood cancer survivors. In particular, survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia have been found to be at risk of becoming overweight or obese early in treatment, with increases in weight maintained throughout treatment and beyond. Nutrition plays an important role in the etiology of obesity and cardiometabolic conditions and is among the few modifiable factors that can prevent or delay the early onset of these chronic conditions. However, nutritional intake in childhood cancer survivors has not been adequately examined and the evidence is built on data from small cohorts of survivors. In addition, the long-term impact of cancer diagnosis and treatment on survivors' nutritional intake as well as how survivors' nutritional intake is associated with chronic health conditions have not been well quantified in large-scale studies. Promoting family-based healthy lifestyles, preferably at a sensitive window of unhealthy weight gain, is a priority for preventing the early onset of obesity and cardiometabolic conditions in childhood cancer survivors. SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 6 IS 5 BP 611 EP 619 DI 10.3945/an.115.008946 UT WOS:000361504400009 PM 26374183 ER PT J AU Shiels, AB Gonzalez, G AF Shiels, Aaron B. Gonzalez, Grizelle TI Tropical Forest Responses to Large-Scale Experiments SO BIOSCIENCE OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 65 IS 9 BP 839 EP 839 DI 10.1093/biosci/biv126 UT WOS:000361423400001 ER PT J AU Shiels, AB Gonzalez, G Lodge, DJ Willig, MR Zimmerman, JK AF Shiels, Aaron B. Gonzalez, Grizelle Lodge, D. Jean Willig, Michael R. Zimmerman, Jess K. TI Cascading Effects of Canopy Opening and Debris Deposition from a Large-Scale Hurricane Experiment in a Tropical Rain Forest SO BIOSCIENCE AB Intense hurricanes disturb many tropical forests, but the key mechanisms driving post-hurricane forest changes are not fully understood. In Puerto Rico, we used a replicated factorial experiment to determine the mechanisms of forest.change associated with canopy openness and organic matter (debris) addition. Cascading effects from canopy openness accounted for most of the shifts in the forest biota and biotic processes, which included increased plant recruitment and richness, as well as the decreased abundance and diversity of several animal groups. Canopy opening decreased litterfall and litter moisture, thereby inhibiting lignin-degrading fungi, which slowed decomposition. Debris addition temporarily increased tree basal area. Elevated soil solution nitrate was a dominant response after past hurricanes; this effect only occurred in our experiment with simultaneous canopy-opening and debris treatments. Although debris is an important carbon and nutrient source, short-term responses to cyclonic storms appear to be largely driven by canopy opening. OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 65 IS 9 BP 871 EP 881 DI 10.1093/biosci/biv111 UT WOS:000361423400006 ER PT J AU Meir, P Wood, TE Galbraith, DR Brando, PM Da Costa, ACL Rowland, L Ferreira, LV AF Meir, Patrick Wood, Tana E. Galbraith, David R. Brando, Paulo M. Da Costa, Antonio C. L. Rowland, Lucy Ferreira, Leandro V. TI Threshold Responses to Soil Moisture Deficit by Trees and Soil in Tropical Rain Forests: Insights from Field Experiments SO BIOSCIENCE AB Many tropical rain forest regions are at risk of increased future drought. The net effects of drought on forest ecosystem functioning will be substantial if important ecological thresholds are passed. However, understanding and predicting these effects is challenging using observational studies alone. Field-based rainfall exclusion (canopy throughfall exclusion; TFE) experiments can offer mechanistic insight into the response to extended or severe drought and can be used to help improve model-based simulations, which are currently inadequate. Only eight TFE experiments have been reported for tropical rain forests. We examine them, synthesizing key results and focusing on two processes that have shown threshold behavior in response to drought: (1) tree mortality and (2) the efflux of carbon dioxdie from soil, soil respiration. We show that: (a) where tested using large-scale field experiments, tropical rain forest tree mortality is resistant to long-term soil moisture deficit up to a threshold of 50% of the water that is extractable by vegetation from the soil, but high mortality occurs beyond this value, with evidence from one site of increased autotrophic respiration, and (b) soil respiration reaches its peak value in response to soil moisture at significantly higher soil moisture content for clay-rich soils than for clay-poor soils. This first synthesis of tropical TFE experiments offers the hypothesis that low soil moisture related thresholds for key stress responses in soil and vegetation may prove to be widely applicable across tropical rain forests despite the diversity of these forests. RI Meir, Patrick/J-8344-2012 SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 65 IS 9 BP 882 EP 892 DI 10.1093/biosci/biv107 UT WOS:000361423400007 ER PT J AU Suslov, O Silver, DJ Siebzehnrubl, FA Orjalo, A Ptitsyn, A Steindler, DA AF Suslov, Oleg Silver, Daniel J. Siebzehnrubl, Florian A. Orjalo, Arturo Ptitsyn, Andrey Steindler, Dennis A. TI Application of an RNA amplification method for reliable single-cell transcriptome analysis SO BIOTECHNIQUES AB Diverse cell types have unique transcriptional signatures that are best interrogated at single-cell resolution. Here we describe a novel RNA amplification approach that allows for high fidelity gene profiling of individual cells. This technique significantly diminishes the problem of 3' bias, enabling detection of all regions of transcripts, including the recognition of mRNA with short or completely absent poly(A) tails, identification of noncoding RNAs, and discovery of the full array of splice isoforms from any given gene product. We assess this technique using statistical and bioinformatics analyses of microarray data to establish the limitations of the method. To demonstrate applicability, we profiled individual cells isolated from the mouse subventricular zone (SVZ)-a well-characterized, discrete yet highly heterogeneous neural structure involved in persistent neurogenesis. Importantly, this method revealed multiple splice variants of key germinal zone gene products within individual cells, as well as an unexpected coexpression of several mRNAs considered markers of distinct and separate SVZ cell types. These findings were independently confirmed using RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH), contributing to the utility of this new technology that offers genomic and transcriptomic analysis of small numbers of dynamic and clinically relevant cells. OI Siebzehnrubl, Florian/0000-0001-8411-8775; Ptitsyn, Andrey/0000-0003-1196-8757 SN 0736-6205 EI 1940-9818 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 59 IS 3 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.2144/000114331 UT WOS:000361250000008 PM 26345506 ER PT J AU Mazumdar, M Valeri, L Rodrigues, EG Ibne Hasan, MOS Hamid, R Paul, L Selhub, J Silva, F Mostofa, MG Quamruzzaman, Q Rahman, M Christiani, DC AF Mazumdar, Maitreyi Valeri, Linda Rodrigues, Ema G. Ibne Hasan, Md Omar Sharif Hamid, Rezina Paul, Ligi Selhub, Jacob Silva, Fareesa Mostofa, Md Golam Quamruzzaman, Quazi Rahman, Mahmuder Christiani, David C. TI Polymorphisms in maternal folate pathway genes interact with arsenic in drinking water to influence risk of myelomeningocele SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY AB BACKGROUNDArsenic induces neural tube defects in many animal models. Additionally, studies have shown that mice with specific genetic defects in folate metabolism and transport are more susceptible to arsenic-induced neural tube defects. We sought to determine whether 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism modified the effect of exposure to drinking water contaminated with inorganic arsenic and posterior neural tube defect (myelomeningocele) risk. METHODSFifty-four mothers of children with myelomeningocele and 55 controls were enrolled through clinical sites in rural Bangladesh in a case-control study of the association between environmental arsenic exposure and risk of myelomeningocele. We assessed participants for level of myelomeningocele, administered questionnaires, conducted biological and environmental sample collection, and performed genotyping. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure inorganic arsenic concentration in drinking water. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified through review of the literature. RESULTSDrinking water inorganic arsenic concentration was associated with increased risk of myelomeningocele for participants with 4 of the 14 studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism: the AA/AG genotype of rs2236225 (MTHFD1), the GG genotype of rs1051266 (SLC19A1), the TT genotype of rs7560488 (DNMT3A), and the GG genotype of rs3740393 (AS3MT) with adjusted odds ratio of 1.13, 1.31, 1.20, and 1.25 for rs2236225, rs1051266, rs7560488, and rs3740393, respectively. CONCLUSIONOur results support the hypothesis that environmental arsenic exposure increases the risk of myelomeningocele by means of interaction with folate metabolic pathways. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:754-762, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 103 IS 9 BP 754 EP 762 DI 10.1002/bdra.23399 UT WOS:000361245800003 PM 26250961 ER PT J AU Ding, C Khir, R Pan, ZL Zhang, JY Tu, K El-Mashad, H AF Ding, Chao Khir, Ragab Pan, Zhongli Zhang, Jianyou Tu, Kang El-Mashad, Hamed TI Effect of Infrared and Conventional Drying Methods on Physicochemical Characteristics of Stored White Rice SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY AB The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of infrared (IR) drying followed by tempering and natural cooling on the change of physicochemical characteristics of white rice during up to 10 months of storage. The physicochemical characteristics of IR-dried rice were also compared with those of conventionally dried rice. It took only 58 s to heat the rough rice from room temperature to 60 degrees C with IR, and 2.17 percentage points of moisture was removed. After four months of storage, the increases in yellowness index, water uptake ratio, and volume expansion ratio of the rice dried with IR were 73.8, 63.9, and 55.3% those of rice dried with an ambient air drying method, respectively. IR drying slightly decreased the gelatinization temperature, enthalpy, and viscosities, reduced the changes in microstructure, and maintained cooking characteristics during storage. Therefore, the IR drying process is recommended to maintain the quality of white rice during storage. SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 92 IS 5 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-11-14-0232-R UT WOS:000360819700003 ER PT J AU Brabec, D Rosenau, S Shipman, M AF Brabec, Daniel Rosenau, Sam Shipman, Mary TI Effect of Mixing Time and Speed on Experimental Baking and Dough Testing with a 200 g Pin Mixer SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY AB Undermixing or overmixing the dough results in varied experimental loaf volumes. Bread preparation requires a trained baker to evaluate dough development and determine the stop points of the mixer. Instrumentation and electronic control of the dough mixer would allow for automatic mixing. This study used a 200 g mixer that provided an output signal during dough mixing to evaluate potential mixing stop points. The effect of varied mixing time on the baked loaf volume was tested by using three flours with protein contents of 10.6, 12.4, and 13.8%. Dough samples were undermixed, mixed to peak, and overmixed. Overmixing by 0.6 min reduced the loaf volume in all flours tested, by 16-50 cm(3) at 90 rpm and by 29-68 cm(3) at 118 rpm. When the high-protein flour sample was undermixed, the largest baked loaves were produced, with an average volume of 922 cm(3). A second objective studied the similarities and differences between a 200 g mixer and a 35 g mixograph. The same flours were mixed on both units. The mixing peaks for the 200 g mixer were normalized with the 35 g mixograph peaks. When flour and water were used, the mixing times for the 200 g mixer averaged 0.7, 1.2, and 1.6 min shorter than the 35 g mixograph, at 90, 104, and 118 rpm, respectively. Although both the 200 g mixer and the 35 g mixograph system look mechanically similar, they both have unique mechanical motion, speeds, and sample sizes. Their results may show similar trends, but their measured values are usually different. However, when other baking ingredients were included in the 200 g mixer at 90 rpm, the mixing times were within 0.2 min of the 35 g mixograph times for three of four flours. SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 92 IS 5 BP 449 EP 454 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-02-15-0021-R UT WOS:000360819700004 ER PT J AU Hammed, AM Ozsisli, B Ohm, JB Simsek, S AF Hammed, Ademola Monsur Ozsisli, Bahri Ohm, Jae-Bom Simsek, Senay TI Relationship Between Solvent Retention Capacity and Protein Molecular Weight Distribution, Quality Characteristics, and Breadmaking Functionality of Hard Red Spring Wheat Flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY AB This research aims to investigate the relationship between the solvent retention capacity (SRC) test and quality assessment of hard red spring (HRS) wheat flour samples obtained from 10 HRS cultivars grown at six locations in North Dakota. The SRC values were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with flour chemical components (protein, gluten, starch, and damaged starch contents, except arabinoxylan); with farinograph parameters (stability [FST], water absorption, peak time [FPT], and quality number); and with breadmaking parameters (baking water absorption [BWA], bread loaf volume [BLV], and symmetry). Differences in locations and cultivars contributed significantly to variation in quality parameters and SRC values. Suitability of SRC parameters for discriminatory analysis of HRS wheat flour is greatly influenced by molecular weight distribution (MWD) of SDS-unextractable proteins. SRC parameters, except for sucrose SRC, showed significant (P < 0.01) and positive correlations with high-molecular-weight (HMW) polymeric proteins in SDS-unextractable fractions, whereas only lactic acid SRC exhibited significant (P < 0.01) correlations with low molecular-weight polymeric proteins. HMW polymeric proteins also exhibited positive associations with FPT, FST, BWA, and BLV. The discrepant variation in association of SRC parameters with respect to MWD of SDS-unextractable proteins could improve segregation of HRS wheat flour samples for quality. OI Hammed, Ademola Monsur/0000-0003-2170-6128 SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 92 IS 5 BP 466 EP 474 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-12-14-0262-R UT WOS:000360819700007 ER PT J AU Park, EY Baik, BK Miller, PR Burke, IC Wegner, EA Tautges, NE Morris, CF Fuerst, EP AF Park, Eun Young Baik, Byung-Kee Miller, Perry R. Burke, Ian C. Wegner, Eric A. Tautges, Nicole E. Morris, Craig F. Fuerst, E. Patrick TI Functional and Nutritional Characteristics of Wheat Grown in Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY AB The effects of organic versus conventional farming practices on wheat functional and nutritional characteristics were compared. Soft white winter wheat and hard red spring wheat were obtained from multiyear replicated field plots near Pullman, Washington, and Bozeman, Montana. Test weight, kernel weight, and kernel diameter tended to be greater in both soft and hard organic wheat than in conventional wheat in the Pullman studies. Phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity tended to be lower in organic than in conventional wheat. Flour ash, P, and Mg contents in whole wheat flour varied in parallel among cropping systems, but levels were not consistently associated with either organic or conventional cropping systems. Protein contents of whole wheat and refined flours were similar in organic and conventional wheat from Pullman when fertility levels were similar. Higher fertility was associated with higher protein content in both organic and conventional cropping systems. Soft wheat flour from a low-fertility organic cropping system had lower sodium carbonate, lactic acid, and sucrose solvent retention capacities, lower protein content, and greater cookie diameter and cake volume than soft wheat flour from the higher fertility organic and conventional cropping systems; the change in end-product quality was significant in one out of two crop years. In the Bozeman hard wheat studies, higher fertility in both organic and conventional cropping systems tended to increase protein content and bread loaf volume. Results indicated that neither organic nor conventional cropping systems were associated with substantially improved mineral and antioxidant nutritional properties, and end-use quality of wheat was more strongly associated with fertility level than with organic versus conventional cropping systems. OI Tautges, Nicole/0000-0003-1708-6966 SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 92 IS 5 BP 504 EP 512 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-01-15-0007-R UT WOS:000360819700013 ER PT J AU Purna, SKG Shi, YC Guan, L Wilson, JD Graybosch, RA AF Garimella Purna, Shivananda K. Shi, Yong-Cheng Guan, Lan Wilson, Jeff D. Graybosch, Robert A. TI Factors Governing Pasting Properties of Waxy Wheat Flours SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY AB Waxy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) contains endosperm starch lacking in amylose. To realize the full potential of waxy wheat, the pasting properties of hard waxy wheat flours as well as factors governing the pasting properties were investigated and compared with normal and partial waxy wheat flours. Starches isolated from six hard waxy wheat flours had similar pasting properties, yet their corresponding flours had very different pasting properties. The differences in pasting properties were narrowed after endogenous alpha-amylase activity in waxy wheat flours was inhibited by silver nitrate. Upon treatment with protease, the extent of protein digestibility influenced the viscosity profile in waxy wheat flours. Waxy wheat starch granules swelled extensively when heated in water and exhibited a high peak viscosity, but they fragmented at high temperatures, resulting in more rapid breakdown in viscosity. The extensively swelled and fragmented waxy wheat starch granules were more susceptible to a-amylase degradation than normal wheat starch. A combination of endogenous a-amylase activity and protein matrix contributed to a large variation in pasting properties of waxy wheat flours. SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 92 IS 5 BP 529 EP 535 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-10-14-0209-R UT WOS:000360819700016 ER PT J AU Bakota, EL Dunn, RO Liu, SX AF Bakota, Erica L. Dunn, Robert O. Liu, Sean X. TI Heavy metals screening of rice bran oils and its relation to composition SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB Rice bran oil contains beneficial compounds that contribute to its resistance to oxidation, as well as the health of consumers. However, concerns have surfaced in recent years related to the heavy metal content of rice and rice-derived products. Rice is known to take up arsenic at a higher rate than other grain crops. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization recently set an acceptable limit of 0.2g/g of arsenic in rice, but no limits have been set for other edible products such as rice bran oil. Furthermore, arsenic levels in rice bran oil have not been thoroughly investigated. In this work we characterized both crude and refined rice bran oils, including detailed chemical composition, analysis of bioactive lipids, and a multi-faceted approach for assessing prior oxidative history and stability of rice bran oils. We also analyzed levels of arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, and zinc. Metal concentrations were verified through two independent analytical laboratories. Concentrations of lead and cadmium in rice bran oils were generally low. Zinc concentrations were detectable but low relative to daily dietary allowances. Arsenic and mercury concentrations differed between the methods used to collect the data. We explore in this work the origins of these differences. Practical applications: Rice absorbs arsenic at a high rate relative to other crops, which has lead to increased consumer concern regarding toxic metal contaminants in rice and rice products. Despite the recent interest in this topic and limited work by the US FDA to test arsenic levels in rice, metal concentrations in rice bran oils have remained unexplored. In this work, we offer a complete characterization of crude and refined rice bran oils, including analysis of arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, and zinc. This work explores the utility of different ICP methods for heavy metals analysis, and the work described here may provide context for much of the recent press surrounding metal contaminants in rice. Heavy metal concentrations in eight different rice bran oils (mu g/g). The relative sizes of metal ions are proportional to their most common ionic radius. SN 1438-7697 EI 1438-9312 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 117 IS 9 SI SI BP 1452 EP + DI 10.1002/ejlt.201400443 UT WOS:000361182800002 ER PT J AU Huang, K Liu, ZS Zhang, JW Li, SH Li, M Xia, JL Zhou, YH AF Huang, Kun Liu, Zengshe Zhang, Jinwen Li, Shouhai Li, Mei Xia, Jianling Zhou, Yonghong TI A self-crosslinking thermosetting monomer with both epoxy and anhydride groups derived from tung oil fatty acids: Synthesis and properties SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL AB A self-crosslinking compound with epoxy groups and anhydride groups (GEMA) was successfully synthesized from tung oil fatty acid by reacting with maleic anhydride via the Diels-Alder reaction. GEMA has very good storage stability and could be cured with trace amounts of tertiary amine. This advantage avoided the nonuniformity, bubbles and insolubility during the mixing procedure of the epoxy resins and curing agents. Compared to commercial Bisphenol A epoxy resins, GEMA has relatively lower mechanical properties and thermal properties. However, in view of its renewable properties, GEMA is still a very promising bio-based epoxy which may replace bisphenol A epoxy resins in some applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0014-3057 EI 1873-1945 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 70 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.06.027 UT WOS:000361403800005 ER PT J AU Sousa, AMM Souza, HKS Uknalis, J Liu, SC Goncalves, MP Liu, LS AF Sousa, Ana M. M. Souza, Hileia K. S. Uknalis, Joseph Liu, Shih-Chuan Goncalves, Maria P. Liu, LinShu TI Improving agar electrospinnability with choline-based deep eutectic solvents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES AB Very recently our group has produced novel agar-based fibers by an electrospinning technique using water as solvent and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as co-blending polymer. Here, we tested the deep eutectic solvent (DES), (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride/urea prepared at 1:2 molar ratio, as an alternative solvent medium for agar electrospinning. The electrospun materials were collected with an ethanol bath adapted to a previous electrospinning set-up. One weight percent agar-in-DES showed improved viscoelasticity and hence, spinnability, when compared to 1 wt% agar-in-water and pure agar nanofibers were successfully electrospun if working above the temperature of sol-gel transition (similar to 80 degrees C). By changing the solvent medium we decreased the PVA concentration (5 wt% starting solution) and successfully produced composite fibers with high agar contents (50/50 agar/PVA). Best composite fibers were formed with the 50/50 and 30/70 agar/PVA solutions. These fibers were mechanically resistant, showed tailorable surface roughness and diverse size distributions, with most of the diameters falling in the sub-micron range. Both nano and micro forms of agar fibers (used separately or combined) may have potential for the design of new and highly functional agar-based materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. RI Goncalves, Maria/D-4641-2013; OI Goncalves, Maria/0000-0002-8873-4097; Souza, Hileia/0000-0003-2619-6892 SN 0141-8130 EI 1879-0003 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 80 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.034 UT WOS:000361251000016 PM 26116384 ER PT J AU Jarquin, C Alvarez, D Morales, O Morales, AJ Lopez, B Donado, P Valencia, MF Arevalo, A Munoz, F Walls, I Doyle, MP Alali, WQ AF Jarquin, Claudia Alvarez, Danilo Morales, Oneida Morales, Ana Judith Lopez, Beatriz Donado, Pilar Valencia, Maria F. Arevalo, Alejandra Munoz, Fredy Walls, Isabel Doyle, Michael P. Alali, Walid Q. TI Salmonella on Raw Poultry in Retail Markets in Guatemala: Levels, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Serovar Distribution SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB The objective of this study was to determine Salmonella numbers on retail raw chicken carcasses in Guatemala and to phenotypically characterize the isolates (serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility). In total, 300 chicken carcasses were collected from seven departments in Guatemala. Salmonella numbers were determined using the most-probable-number method following the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service protocol. In total, 103 isolates were obtained, all of which were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, whereas 46 isolates were serotyped. Overall, Salmonella prevalence and mean number (mean log most probable number per carcass) was 34.3% and 2.3 (95% confidence interval: 2.1 to 2.5), respectively. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in Salmonella prevalence were found by storage condition (refrigerated or ambient temperature), market type (wet markets, supermarkets, and independent poultry stores), chicken production system (integrated or nonintegrated production company), and chicken skin color (white or yellow). Chickens produced by integrated companies had lower Salmonella numbers (P < 0.05) than nonintegrated companies, and white-skin carcasses had lower numbers (P < 0.05) than yellow-skin carcasses. Among 13 different Salmonella serovars identified, Paratyphi B (34.8%) was most prevalent, followed by Heidelberg (16.3%) and Derby (11.6%). Of all the Salmonella isolates, 59.2% were resistant to one to three antibiotics and 13.6% to four or more antibiotics. Among all the serovars obtained, Salmonella Paratyphi B and Heidelberg were the most resistant to the antibiotics tested. Salmonella levels and antibiotic resistant profiles among isolates from raw poultry at the retail market level were high relative to other reports from North and South America. These data can be used by Guatemalan stakeholders to develop risk assessment models and support further research opportunities to control transmission of Salmonella spp. and antibiotic-resistant isolates from chicken meat to humans. OI Lopez, Beatriz/0000-0003-1353-9948 SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 78 IS 9 BP 1642 EP 1650 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-117 UT WOS:000361154300003 PM 26319717 ER PT J AU Doerscher, DR Lutz, TL Whisenant, SJ Smith, KR Morris, CA Schroeder, CM AF Doerscher, Darin R. Lutz, Terry L. Whisenant, Stephen J. Smith, Kerry R. Morris, Craig A. Schroeder, Carl M. TI Microbiological Testing Results of Boneless and Ground Beef Purchased for the National School Lunch Program, 2011 to 2014 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) purchases boneless and ground beef for distribution to recipients through federal nutrition assistance programs, including the National School Lunch Program, which represents 93% of the overall volume. Approximately every 2,000 lb (ca. 907 kg) of boneless beef and 10,000 lb (ca. 4,535 kg) of ground beef are designated a "lot'' and tested for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, standard plate count organisms (SPCs), E. coli, and coliforms. Any lot of beef positive for E. coli O157:H7 or for Salmonella, or any beef with concentrations of organisms exceeding critical limits for SPCs (100,000 CFU g(-1)), E. coli (500 CFU g(-1)), or coliforms (1,000 CFU g(-1)) is rejected for purchase by AMS and must be diverted from federal nutrition assistance programs. From July 2011 through June 2014, 537,478,212 lb (ca. 243,795,996 kg) of boneless beef and 428,130,984 lb (ca. 194,196,932 kg) of ground beef were produced for federal nutrition assistance programs. Of the 230,359 boneless beef samples collected over this period, 82 (0.04%) were positive for E. coli O157:H7, 924 (0.40%) were positive for Salmonella, 222 (0.10%) exceeded the critical limit for SPCs, 69 (0.03%) exceeded the critical limit for E. coli, and 123 (0.05%) exceeded the critical limit for coliforms. Of the 46,527 ground beef samples collected over this period, 30 (0.06%) were positive for E. coli O157:H7, 360 (0.77%) were positive for Salmonella, 20 (0.04%) exceeded the critical limit for SPCs, 22 (0.05%) exceeded the critical limit for E. coli, and 17 (0.04%) exceeded the critical limit for coliforms. Cumulatively, these data suggest beef produced for the AMS National School Lunch Program is done so under an adequate food safety system, as indicated by the low percentage of lots that were pathogen positive or exceeded critical limits for indicator organisms. SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 78 IS 9 BP 1656 EP 1663 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-101 UT WOS:000361154300005 PM 26319719 ER PT J AU Kaur, S Smith, DJ Morgan, MT AF Kaur, Simran Smith, David J. Morgan, Mark. T. TI Chloroxyanion Residue Quantification in Cantaloupes Treated with Chlorine Dioxide Gas SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB Previous studies show that treatment of cantaloupes with chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas at 5 mg/liter for 10 min results in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in initial microflora, an increase in shelf life without any alteration in color, and a 4.6-and 4.3-log reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively. However, this treatment could result in the presence of chloroxyanion residues, such as chloride (Cl-), chlorite (ClO2-), chlorate (ClO3-), and perchlorate (ClO4-), which, apart from chloride, are a toxicity concern. Radiolabeled chlorine dioxide ((ClO2)-Cl-36) gas was used to describe the identity and distribution of chloroxyanion residues in or on cantaloupe subsequent to fumigation with ClO2 gas at a mean concentration of 5.1 +/- 0.7 mg/liter for 10 min. Each treated cantaloupe was separated into rind, flesh, and mixed (rind and flesh) sections, which were blended and centrifuged to give the corresponding sera fractions. Radioactivity detected, ratio of radioactivity to mass of chlorite in initial ClO2 gas generation reaction, and distribution of chloroxyanions in serum samples were used to calculate residue concentrations in flesh, rind, and mixed samples. Anions detected on the cantaloupe were Cl- (similar to 90%) and ClO3- (similar to 10%), located primarily in the rind (19.3 +/- 8.0 mu g of Cl-/g of rind and 4.8 +/- 2.3 mu g of ClO3-/g of rind, n = 6). Cantaloupe flesh (similar to 200 g) directly exposed to (ClO2)-Cl-36 gas treatment showed the presence of only Cl- residues (8.1 +/- 1.0 mu g of Cl-/g of flesh, n = 3). Results indicate chloroxyanion residues Cl- and ClO3- are only present on the rind of whole cantaloupes treated with ClO2 gas. However during cutting, residues may be transferred to the fruit flesh. Because Cl- is not toxic, only ClO3- would be a toxicity concern, but the levels transferred from rind to flesh are very low. In the case of fruit flesh directly exposed to ClO2 gas, only nontoxic Cl- was detected. This indicates that ClO2 gas that comes into contact with edible flesh would not pose a health concern. SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 78 IS 9 BP 1708 EP 1718 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-14-576 UT WOS:000361154300011 PM 26319725 ER PT J AU Ravoet, J Schwarz, RS Descamps, T Yanez, O Tozkar, CO Martin-Hernandez, R Bartolome, C De Smet, L Higes, M Wenseleers, T Schmid-Hempel, R Neumann, P Kadowaki, T Evans, JD de Graaf, DC AF Ravoet, Jorgen Schwarz, Ryan S. Descamps, Tine Yanez, Orlando Tozkar, Cansu Ozge Martin-Hernandez, Raquel Bartolome, Carolina De Smet, Lina Higes, Mariano Wenseleers, Tom Schmid-Hempel, Regula Neumann, Peter Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko Evans, Jay D. de Graaf, Dirk C. TI Differential diagnosis of the honey bee trypanosomatids Crithidia mellificae and Lotmaria passim SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY AB Trypanosomatids infecting honey bees have been poorly studied with molecular methods until recently. After the description of Crithidia mellificae (Langridge and McGhee, 1967) it took about forty years until molecular data for honey bee trypanosomatids became available and were used to identify and describe a new trypanosomatid species from honey bees, Lotmaria passim (Evans and Schwarz, 2014). However, an easy method to distinguish them without sequencing is not yet available. Research on the related bumble bee parasites Crithidia bombi and Crithidia expoeki revealed a fragment length polymorphism in the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), which enabled species discrimination. In search of fragment length polymorphisms for differential diagnostics in honey bee trypanosomatids, we studied honey bee trypanosomatid cell cultures of C mellificae and L passim. This research resulted in the identification of fragment length polymorphisms in ITS1 and ITS1-2 markers, which enabled us to develop a diagnostic method to differentiate both honey bee trypanosomatid species without the need for sequencing. However, the amplification success of the ITS1 marker depends probably on the trypanosomatid infection level. Further investigation confirmed that L passim is the dominant species in Belgium, Japan and Switzerland. We found C mellificae only rarely in Belgian honey bee samples, but not in honey bee samples from other countries. C mellificae was also detected in mason bees (Osmia bicornis and Osmia cornuta) besides in honey bees. Further, the characterization and comparison of additional markers from L passim strain SF (published as C mellificae strain SF) and a Belgian honey bee sample revealed very low divergence in the 18S rRNA, ITS1-2, 28S rRNA and cytochrome b sequences. Nevertheless, a variable stretch was observed in the gp63 virulence factor. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Martin Hernandez, Raquel/J-7507-2013; Yanez, Orlando/I-2428-2016; Wenseleers, Tom/J-3960-2013; OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Martin Hernandez, Raquel/0000-0002-1730-9368; Yanez, Orlando/0000-0001-8493-2726; Wenseleers, Tom/0000-0002-1434-861X; , Carolina/0000-0002-6989-3797 SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 130 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2015.06.007 UT WOS:000361258800004 PM 26146231 ER PT J AU Gumus, A Karagoz, M Shapiro-Ilan, D Hazir, S AF Gumus, Arife Karagoz, Mehmet Shapiro-Ilan, David Hazir, Selcuk TI A novel approach to biocontrol: Release of live insect hosts pre-infected with entomopathogenic nematodes SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY AB As a new application approach, we tested the efficacy of releasing live insect hosts that were pre-infected with entomopathogenic nematodes against insect pests living in cryptic habitats. We hypothesized that the pre-infected hosts could carry the next generation of emerging nematode infective juveniles to hard-to-reach target sites, and thereby facilitate enhanced control in cryptic habitats. Thus, the infected hosts act as "living insect bombs" against the target pest. We tested this approach using two model insect pests: a chestnut tree pest, the goat moth Cossus cossus (Lepidiptera: Cossidae), and a lawn caterpillar, Spodoptera cilium (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). One pest is considered hard-to-reach via aqueous spray (C. cossus) and the other is more openly exposed in the environment (S. cilium). C. cossus and S. cilium studies were conducted in chestnut logs and Bermudagrass arenas, respectively. The living bomb approach was compared with standard nematode application in aqueous spray and controls (without nematode application); Steinemema carpocapsae (Rize isolate) was used in all experiments. The percentage larval mortality of C. cossus was 86% in the living insect bomb treatment, whereas, all other treatments and controls exhibited less than 4% mortality. The new approach (living bomb) was equally successful as standard aqueous application for the control of S. cilium larvae. Both methods exhibited more than 90% mortality in the turfgrass arena. Our new approach showed an immense potential to control insect pests living in hard-to-reach cryptic habitats. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 130 BP 56 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.002 UT WOS:000361258800009 PM 26149819 ER PT J AU Whigham, E Qi, S Mistry, D Surana, P Xu, R Fuerst, G Pliego, C Bindschedler, LV Spanu, PD Dickerson, JA Innes, RW Nettleton, D Bogdanove, AJ Wise, RP AF Whigham, Ehren Qi, Shan Mistry, Divya Surana, Priyanka Xu, Ruo Fuerst, Gregory Pliego, Clara Bindschedler, Laurence V. Spanu, Pietro D. Dickerson, Julie A. Innes, Roger W. Nettleton, Dan Bogdanove, Adam J. Wise, Roger P. TI Broadly Conserved Fungal Effector BEC1019 Suppresses Host Cell Death and Enhances Pathogen Virulence in Powdery Mildew of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS AB The interaction of barley, Hordeum vulgare L., with the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei is a well-developed model to investigate resistance and susceptibility to obligate biotrophic pathogens. The 130-Mb Blumeria genome encodes approximately 540 predicted effectors that are hypothesized to suppress or induce host processes to promote colonization. Blumeria effector candidate (BEC)1019, a single-copy gene encoding a putative, secreted metalloprotease, is expressed in haustorial feeding structures, and host-induced gene silencing of BEC1019 restricts haustorial development in compatible interactions. Here, we show that Barley stripe mosaic virus induced gene silencing of BEC1019 significantly reduces fungal colonization of barley epidermal cells, demonstrating that BEC1019 plays a central role in virulence. In addition, delivery of BEC1019 to the host cytoplasm via Xanthomonas type III secretion suppresses cultivar nonspecific hypersensitive reaction (HR) induced by Xantlzomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, as well as cultivar-specific HR induced by AvrPphB from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. BEC1019 homologs are present in 96 of 241 sequenced fungal genomes, including plant pathogens, human pathogens, and free-living nonpathogens. Comparative analysis revealed variation at several amino acid positions that correlate with fungal lifestyle and several highly conserved, noncorrelated motifs. Site-directed mutagenesis of one of these, ETVIC, compromises the HR-suppressing activity of BEC1019. We postulate that BEC1019 represents an ancient, broadly important fungal protein family, members of which have evolved to function as effectors in plant and animal hosts. SN 0894-0282 EI 1943-7706 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 28 IS 9 BP 968 EP 983 DI 10.1094/MPM1-02-15-0027-FI UT WOS:000361418500002 PM 25938194 ER PT J AU Wang, GF Balint-Kurti, PJ AF Wang, Guan-Feng Balint-Kurti, Peter J. TI Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Localizations Are Important for the Hypersensitive Response Conferred by Maize Autoactive Rp1-D21 Protein SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS AB Disease resistance (R) genes have been isolated from many plant species. Most encode nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins that trigger a rapid localized programmed cell death called the hypersensitive response (HR) upon pathogen recognition. Despite their structural similarities, different NLR are distributed in a range of subcellular locations, and analogous domains play diverse functional roles. The autoactive maize NLR gene Rp1-D21 derives from an intragenic recombination between two NLR genes, Rp1-D and Rp1-dp2, and confers a HR independent of the presence of a pathogen. Rp1-D21 and its N-terminal coiled coil (CC) domain (CCD21) confer autoactive HR when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Rp1-D21 was predominantly localized in cytoplasm with a small amount in the nucleus, while CCD21 was localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Targeting of Rp1-D21 or CCD21 predominantly to either the nucleus or the cytoplasm abolished HR-inducing activity. Coexpression of Rp1-D21 or CCD21 constructs confined, respectively, to the nucleus and cytoplasm did not rescue full activity, suggesting nucleocytoplasmic movement was important for HR induction. This work emphasizes the diverse structural and subcellular localization requirements for activity found among plant NLR R genes. OI Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X SN 0894-0282 EI 1943-7706 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1023 EP 1031 DI 10.1094/MPMI-01-15-0014-R UT WOS:000361418500006 PM 26039083 ER PT J AU Oi, DH Porter, SD Valles, SM AF Oi, David H. Porter, Sanford D. Valles, Steven M. TI A review of the biological control of fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO MYRMECOLOGICAL NEWS AB The suppression of established invasive ants will likely require biological control by natural enemies. This approach is self-sustaining and can impact undetected or inaccessible populations that are a source of the continual presence and expansion of the invaders. There is an ongoing effort to introduce and distribute biological control agents against fire ants, Solenopsis invicta BUREN, 1972 and Solenopsis richteri FOREL, 1909, in the USA. Eight natural enemies, consisting of two pathogens, a microsporidium, Kneallhazia solenopsae, and a virus, Solenopsis invicta virus-3, plus six species of parasitoid flies in the genus Pseudacteon are now established (i.e., reproducing in the field). These biological control agents are host specific and negatively impact fire ants to varying degrees. Fire ant populations in the presence of biological control agents are often reduced (based on number of ants per nest), but the number of nests may not decline. It remains to be seen if the continued release and establishment of a suite of biological control agents can result in the complete control of fire ants. The currently established biocontrol agents are acting as expected by weakening fire ant colonies, and contributing to the potential cumulative attrition of colony vigor. Knowledge gained from establishing and disseminating biological control agents of fire ants in the USA will allow for faster progress in the utilization of biological control for fire ants in other regions of the world as well as providing guidance for the importation and establishment of natural enemies for other invasive ants. SN 1994-4136 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 21 BP 101 EP 116 UT WOS:000361420100010 ER PT J AU Liu, J Kleinman, PJA Beegle, DB Weld, JL Sharpley, AN Saporito, LS Schmidt, JP AF Liu, Jian Kleinman, Peter J. A. Beegle, Douglas B. Weld, Jennifer L. Sharpley, Andrew N. Saporito, Lou S. Schmidt, John P. TI Phosphorus and nitrogen losses from poultry litter stacks and leaching through soils SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS AB Stacking poultry litter in fields prior to land application is a common practice that provides important logistical benefits to farmers, but may lead to environmental losses of nutrients. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) losses from poultry litter stacks with and without a protective cover. Surface runoff from the litter stacks and leachate through two texturally contrasting soils (sand and silt loam) was monitored using a combination of runoff collectors and zero-tension lysimetry. Nutrient losses in surface runoff were small (total P < 3 g m(-2); total inorganic N < 7 g m(-2)), particularly when compared with losses in leachate (total P < 60 g m(-2); total inorganic N < 290 g m(-2)). Covering stacks reduced leachate total P losses by 25-100 times and total inorganic N losses by 25-770 times, such that leachate nutrient losses from covered stacks were similar to that in the controls with no manure stacking. Despite relatively small nutrient losses from litter stacks over the 2-year study, results point to substantial nutrient accumulation in soil after repeated stacking. Water-extractable P concentrations in upper 5-cm soils were similar between covered (120-240 mg kg(-1)) and uncovered stacks (140-250 mg kg(-1)), but soil nitrate-N concentrations were much higher under the covered stack (80-140 mg kg(-1)) than the uncovered stack (< 5 mg kg(-1)). This study clearly points to benefits of covering litter stacks, but highlights long-term concerns with regard to soil nutrient accumulation. RI Liu, Jian/P-4050-2014 OI Liu, Jian/0000-0003-4199-1296 SN 1385-1314 EI 1573-0867 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 103 IS 1 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s10705-015-9724-3 UT WOS:000361433200008 ER PT J AU Hauvermale, AL Tuttle, KM Takebayashi, Y Seo, M Steber, CM AF Hauvermale, Amber L. Tuttle, Keiko M. Takebayashi, Yumiko Seo, Mitsunori Steber, Camille M. TI Loss of Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Dormancy is Associated with Increased Accumulation of the GID1 GA Hormone Receptors SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY AB Dormancy prevents seeds from germinating under favorable conditions until they have experienced dormancy-breaking conditions, such as after-ripening through a period of dry storage or cold imbibition. Abscisic acid (ABA) hormone signaling establishes and maintains seed dormancy, whereas gibberellin (GA) signaling stimulates germination. ABA levels decrease and GA levels increase with after-ripening and cold stratification. However, increasing GA sensitivity may also be critical to dormancy loss since increasing seed GA levels are detectable only with long periods of after-ripening and imbibition. After-ripening and cold stratification act additively to enhance GA hormone sensitivity in ga1-3 seeds that cannot synthesize GA. Since the overexpression of the GA receptoGID1 GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1) enhanced this dormancy loss, and becausgid1a gid1b gid1c triple mutants show decreased germination, the effects of dormancy-breaking treatments on GID1 mRNA and protein accumulation were examined. Partial after-ripening resulted in increasedGID1b, but notGID1a or GID1c mRNA levels. Cold imbibition stimulated the accumulation of all three GID1 transcripts, but resulted in no increase in GA sensitivity during ga1-3 seed germination unless seeds were also partially after-ripened. This is probably because after-ripening was needed to enhance GID1 protein accumulation, independently of transcript abundance. The rise in GID1b transcript with after-ripening was not associated with decreased ABA levels, suggesting there is ABA-independent GID1b regulation by after-ripening and the 26S proteasome. GA and the DELLA RGL2 repressor of GA responses differentially regulated the three GID1 transcripts. Moreover, DELLA RGL2 appeared to switch between positive and negative regulation of GID1 expression in response to dormancy-breaking treatments. RI Seo, Mitsunori/N-9603-2015; Takebayashi, Yumiko/C-8190-2017 OI Takebayashi, Yumiko/0000-0003-4207-297X SN 0032-0781 EI 1471-9053 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1773 EP 1785 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcv084 UT WOS:000361312600008 PM 26136598 ER PT J AU Liang, Z Brown, RC Fletcher, JC Opsahl-Sorteberg, HG AF Liang, Zhe Brown, Roy C. Fletcher, Jennifer C. Opsahl-Sorteberg, Hilde-Gunn TI Calpain-Mediated Positional Information Directs Cell Wall Orientation to Sustain Plant Stem Cell Activity, Growth and Development SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY AB Eukaryotic development and stem cell control depend on the integration of cell positional sensing with cell cycle control and cell wall positioning, yet few factors that directly link these events are known. The DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) gene encoding the unique plant calpain protein is fundamental for development and growth, being essential to confer and maintain epidermal cell identity that allows development beyond the globular embryo stage. We show that DEK1 expression is highest in the actively dividing cells of seeds, meristems and vasculature. We further show that eliminating Arabidopsis DEK1 function leads to changes in developmental cues from the first zygotic division onward, altered microtubule patterns and misshapen cells, resulting in early embryo abortion. Expression of the embryonic marker genes WOX2, ATML1, PIN4, WUS and STM, related to axis organization, cell identity and meristem functions, is also altered in dek1 embryos. By monitoring cell layer-specific DEK1 down-regulation, we show that L1- and 35S-induced down-regulation mainly affects stem cell functions, causing severe shoot apical meristem phenotypes. These results are consistent with a requirement for DEK1 to direct layer-specific cellular activities and set downstream developmental cues. Our data suggest that DEK1 may anchor cell wall positions and control cell division and differentiation, thereby balancing the plant's requirement to maintain totipotent stem cell reservoirs while simultaneously directing growth and organ formation. A role for DEK1 in regulating microtubule-orchestrated cell wall orientation during cell division can explain its effects on embryonic development, and suggests a more general function for calpains in microtubule organization in eukaryotic cells. SN 0032-0781 EI 1471-9053 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1855 EP 1866 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcv110 UT WOS:000361312600015 PM 26220906 ER PT J AU Shockey, J Mason, C Gilbert, M Cao, HP Li, XJ Cahoon, E Dyer, J AF Shockey, Jay Mason, Catherine Gilbert, Matthew Cao, Heping Li, Xiangjun Cahoon, Edgar Dyer, John TI Development and analysis of a highly flexible multi-gene expression system for metabolic engineering in Arabidopsis seeds and other plant tissues SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AB Production of novel value-added compounds in transgenic crops has become an increasingly viable approach in recent years. However, in many cases, product yield still falls short of the levels necessary for optimal profitability. Determination of the limiting factors is thus of supreme importance for the long-term viability of this approach. A significant challenge to most metabolic engineering projects is the need for strong coordinated co-expression of multiple transgenes. Strong constitutive promoters have been well-characterized during the > 30 years since plant transformation techniques were developed. However, organ- or tissue-specific promoters are poorly characterized in many cases. Oilseeds are one such example. Reports spanning at least 20 years have described the use of certain seed-specific promoters to drive expression of individual transgenes. Multi-gene engineering strategies are often hampered by sub-optimal expression levels or improper tissue-specificity of particular promoters, or rely on the use of multiple copies of the same promoter, which can result in DNA instability or transgene silencing. We describe here a flexible system of plasmids that allows for expression of 1-7 genes per binary plasmid, and up to 18 genes altogether after multiple rounds of transformation or sexual crosses. This vector system includes six seed-specific promoters and two constitutive promoters. Effective constitutive and seed-specific RNA interference gene-suppression cloning vectors were also constructed for silencing of endogenous genes. Taken together, this molecular toolkit allows combinatorial cloning for multiple transgene expression in seeds, vegetative organs, or both simultaneously, while also providing the means to coordinately overexpress some genes while silencing others. OI Shockey, Jay/0000-0002-5057-5457 SN 0167-4412 EI 1573-5028 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s11103-015-0355-5 UT WOS:000361530700008 PM 26254605 ER PT J AU Roche, LM Schohr, TK Derner, JD Lubell, MN Cutts, BB Kachergis, E Eviner, VT Tate, KW AF Roche, Leslie M. Schohr, Tracy K. Derner, Justin D. Lubell, Mark N. Cutts, Bethany B. Kachergis, Emily Eviner, Valerie T. Tate, Kenneth W. TI Sustaining Working Rangelands: Insights from Rancher Decision Making SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT AB Grazed rangeland ecosystems encompass diverse global land resources and are complex social-ecological systems from which society demands both goods (e.g., livestock and forage production) and services (e.g., abundant and high-quality water). Including the ranching community's perceptions, knowledge, and decision-making is essential to advancing the ongoing dialogue to define sustainable working rangelands. We surveyed 507 (33% response rate) California ranchers to gain insight into key factors shaping their decision-making, perspectives on effective management practices and ranching information sources, as well as their concerns. First, we found that variation in ranch structure, management goals, and decision making across California's ranching operations aligns with the call from sustainability science to maintain flexibility at multiple scales to support the suite of economic and ecological services they can provide. The diversity in ranching operations highlights why single-policy and management "panaceas" often fail. Second, the information resources ranchers rely on suggest that sustaining working rangelands will require collaborative, trust-based partnerships focused on achieving both economic and ecological goals. Third, ranchers perceive environmental regulations and government policies-rather than environmental drivers-as the major threats to the future of their operations. (C) 2015 Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 68 IS 5 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2015.07.006 UT WOS:000361236500002 ER PT J AU Pierson, FB Williams, CJ Kormos, PR Al-Hamdan, OZ Hardegree, SP Clark, PE AF Pierson, Frederick B. Williams, C. Jason Kormos, Patrick R. Al-Hamdan, Osama Z. Hardegree, Stuart P. Clark, Patrick E. TI Short-Term Impacts of Tree Removal on Runoff and Erosion From Pinyon- and Juniper-Dominated Sagebrush Hillslopes SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT AB Tree removal is often applied to woodland-encroached rangelands to restore vegetation and improve hydrologic function, but knowledge is limited regarding effects of tree removal on hydrologic response. This study used artificial rainfall and overland flow experiments (9-13 m(2)) and measures of vegetation and ground cover to investigate short-term (1-2 yr) responses to tree removal at two woodland-encroached sites. Plots were located under trees (tree zone) and in the intercanopy (shrub-interspace zone, 75% of area). Before tree removal, vegetation and ground cover were degraded and intercanopy runoff and erosion rates were high. Cutting and placing trees into the intercanopy did not significantly affect vegetation, ground cover, runoff, or erosion 1 yr post-treatment. Whole-tree mastication as applied in this study did not redistribute tree mulch within the intercanopy, but the treatment did result in enhanced herbaceous cover and hydrologic function in the intercanopy. Fire removal of litter and herbaceous cover increased tree-zone runoff and erosion under high-intensity rainfall by 4- and 30-fold at one site but had minimal impact at the other site. Site response differences were attributed to variability in burn conditions and site-specific erodibility. Burning had minimal impact on shrub-interspace runoff and erosion from applied high-intensity rainfall. However, 1 yr postfire, erosion from concentrated overland flow experiments was 2- to 13-fold greater on burned than unburned tree-zone and shrub-interspace plots and erosion for burned tree zones was 3-fold greater for the more erodible site. Two yr postfire, overland flow erosion remained higher for burned versus unburned tree zones, but enhanced intercanopy herbaceous cover reduced erosion from shrub-interspace zones. The net impact of burning included an initial increase in erosion risk, particularly for tree zones, followed by enhanced herbaceous cover and improved hydrologic function within the intercanopy. The overall results suggest that erosion from late-succession woodlands is reduced primarily through recruitment of intercanopy herbaceous vegetation and ground cover. Published by Elsevier Inc. OI Kormos, Patrick/0000-0003-1874-9215; Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789 SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 68 IS 5 BP 408 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2015.07.004 UT WOS:000361236500005 ER PT J AU Qi, ZM Morgan, JA McMaster, GS Ahuja, LR Derner, JD AF Qi, Zhiming Morgan, Jack A. McMaster, Gregory S. Ahuja, Lajpat R. Derner, Justin D. TI Simulating Carbon Dioxide Effects on Range Plant Growth and Water Use with GPFARM-Range Model SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT AB Steadily rising carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Earth's atmosphere has the potential to increase plant biomass production and reduce plant transpiration in semiarid rangelands. Incorporating results from field CO2-enrichment experiments into process-based simulation models enhances our ability to project climate change impacts on these rangelands. In this study, we added algorithms for computing changes in plant biomass growth and stomatal resistance under elevated [CO2] to the GPFARM-Range (Great Plains Framework for Agricultural Resource Management in Rangelands) model, a newly developed stand-alone software package for rangeland management. The GPFARM-Range model was tested against 5 yr (1997-2001) of soil water and plant biomass data from CO2-enrichment (720 ppm) field experiments conducted in shortgrass steppe in northern Colorado. Simulated results for both peak standing crop biomass and soil water for both ambient and elevated [CO2] treatments had a percent bias within +/- 10%, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency >= 0.5, and index of agreement > 0.70. The model also captured the observed trend of increased C-3 grass biomass and reduced plant transpiration under elevated [CO2]. The model was used to evaluate the separate effectiveness of elevated [CO2] on plant growth rate (C-3 grasses only) and stomatal resistance (both C-3 and C-4 grasses). Two separate simulations showed that increased growth rate and stomatal resistance due to elevated [CO2] enhanced total plant biomass gain (C-3 + C-4) by 22% and 17%, respectively. The results indicate the algorithms used to simulate the impacts of elevated [CO2] on range plant growth and water use are reliable and can be used to evaluate rangeland production for predicted increases in [CO2]. However, further studies are necessary because the reduction in plant transpiration under elevated [CO2] was underestimated, and increase in nitrogen use efficiency due to elevated [CO2] is not included. (C) 2015 Society for Range Management. Published by Inc. All rights reserved. SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 68 IS 5 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2015.07.007 UT WOS:000361236500006 ER PT J AU Xue, L Scoglio, C McVey, DS Boone, R Cohnstaedt, LW AF Xue, Ling Scoglio, Caterina McVey, D. Scott Boone, Rebecca Cohnstaedt, Lee W. TI Two Introductions of Lyme Disease into Connecticut: A Geospatial Analysis of Human Cases from 1984 to 2012 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES AB Lyme disease has become the most prevalent vector-borne disease in the United States and results in morbidity in humans, especially children. We used historical case distributions to explain vector-borne disease introductions and subsequent geographic expansion in the absence of disease vector data. We used geographic information system analysis of publicly available Connecticut Department of Public Health case data from 1984, 1985, and 1991 to 2012 for the 169 towns in Connecticut to identify the yearly clusters of Lyme disease cases. Our analysis identified the spatial and temporal origins of two separate introductions of Lyme disease into Connecticut and identified the subsequent direction and rate of spread. We defined both epidemic clusters of cases using significant long-term spatial autocorrelation. The incidence-weighted geographic mean analysis indicates a northern trend of geographic expansion for both epidemic clusters. In eastern Connecticut, as the epidemic progressed, the yearly shift in the geographic mean (rate of epidemic expansion) decreased each year until spatial equilibrium was reached in 2007. The equilibrium indicates a transition from epidemic Lyme disease spread to stable endemic transmission, and we associate this with a reduction in incidence. In western Connecticut, the parabolic distribution of the yearly geographic mean indicates that following the establishment of Lyme disease (1988) the epidemic quickly expanded northward and established equilibrium in 2009. SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 15 IS 9 BP 523 EP 528 DI 10.1089/vbz.2015.1791 UT WOS:000361387200001 PM 26348105 ER PT J AU Lu, FC Karlen, SD Regner, M Kim, H Ralph, SA Sun, RC Kuroda, K Augustin, MA Mawson, R Sabarez, H Singh, T Jimenez-Monteon, G Zakaria, S Hill, S Harris, PJ Boerjan, W Wilkerson, CG Mansfield, SD Ralph, J AF Lu, Fachuang Karlen, Steven D. Regner, Matt Kim, Hoon Ralph, Sally A. Sun, Run-Cang Kuroda, Ken-ichi Augustin, Mary Ann Mawson, Raymond Sabarez, Henry Singh, Tanoj Jimenez-Monteon, Gerardo Zakaria, Sarani Hill, Stefan Harris, Philip J. Boerjan, Wout Wilkerson, Curtis G. Mansfield, Shawn D. Ralph, John TI Naturally p-Hydroxybenzoylated Lignins in Palms SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH AB The industrial production of palm oil concurrently generates a substantial amount of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers that could be used as a feedstock in a lignocellulose-based biorefinery. Lignin byproducts generated by this process may offer opportunities for the isolation of value-added products, such as p-hydroxybenzoate (pBz), to help offset operating costs. Analysis of the EFB lignin by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy clearly revealed the presence of bound acetate and pBz, with saponification revealing that 1.1 wt% of the EFB was pBz; with a lignin content of 22.7 %, 4.8 % of the lignin is pBz that can be obtained as a pure component for use as a chemical feedstock. Analysis of EFB lignin by NMR and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) showed that pBz selectively acylates the gamma-hydroxyl group of S units. This selectivity suggests that pBz, analogously with acetate in kenaf, p-coumarate in grasses, and ferulate in a transgenic poplar augmented with a feruloyl-CoA monolignol transferase (FMT), is incorporated into the growing lignin chain via its gamma-p-hydroxybenzoylated monolignol conjugate. Involvement of such conjugates in palm lignification is proven by the observation of novel p-hydroxybenzoylated non-resinol beta-beta-coupled units in the lignins. Together, the data implicate the existence of p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA:monolignol transferases that are involved in lignification in the various willows (Salix spp.), poplars and aspen (Populus spp., family Salicaceae), and palms (family Arecaceae) that have p-hydroxybenzoylated lignins. Even without enhancing the levels by breeding or genetic engineering, current palm oil EFB 'wastes' should be able to generate a sizeable stream of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that offers opportunities for the development of value-added products derived from the oil palm industry. RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Harris, Philip/P-9317-2016; Singh, Tanoj/H-5705-2013 OI Harris, Philip/0000-0003-1807-8079; Singh, Tanoj/0000-0002-0413-1935 SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 934 EP 952 DI 10.1007/s12155-015-9583-4 UT WOS:000360770400005 ER PT J AU Hu, GS Trupia, S Ellberg, SR AF Hu, Gongshe Trupia, Sabrina Ellberg, Sherry R. TI A Promising Low Beta-Glucan Barley Mutation of m351 for Better Bioethanol Production Use SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH AB Bioethanol is an important liquid fuel complement. Barley is a potential alternative raw material for ethanol production because its by-product is a nutritious feed. The barley m351mutant, which has a mutation for low beta-glucan content, was tested for its ethanol production efficiency and feed fraction quality in a pilot fermentation experiment. Grain samples of m351 and the corresponding wild type of Harrington were either treated or untreated with beta-glucanase during the ethanol production process. Compared to the corresponding wild-type line, m351 produced the same amount of ethanol. More importantly, the feed fraction derived from the fermentation process showed 5 % more protein and 7 % less beta-glucan than that from the wild type, indicating that the feed fraction from m351 was more valuable. The experiments provided evidence that m351 is a useful genetic resource for developing barley cultivars for use in bioethanol production. SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1158 EP 1164 DI 10.1007/s12155-014-9569-7 UT WOS:000360770400023 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Cotta, MA AF Liu, Z. Lewis Cotta, Michael A. TI Technical Assessment of Cellulosic Ethanol Production Using beta-Glucosidase Producing Yeast Clavispora NRRL Y-50464 SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH AB Reducing the cost of cellulosic ethanol production, especially the use of expensive exogenous cellulose hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulase and beta-glucosidase, is a critical challenge and vital for a sustainable advanced biofuel industry. Here, we report a novel ethanologenic yeast strain Clavispora NRRL Y-50464 that produces sufficient innate beta-glucosidase enzyme activity for cellulosic ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). In a bottled SSF, strain Y-50464 produced 40.44 g/L ethanol from pure cellulose within 72 h at a conversion rate of 0.04 g/L/h, applying conventional cellulase without supplementary beta-glucosidase. Ethanol conversion from delignified corn stover by Y-50464 showed significantly higher titers and rates at various solids loading levels than that from conventional pretreated corn stover with over 40 to 60 % improved efficiency in a bottled SSF. However, the bottled SSF was inefficient for mixing higher levels of cellulose feedstock and should be replaced by a more suitable experimental apparatus. In a 2-L bioreactor SSF using conventional dilute acid pretreated corn stover, strain Y-50464 produced 32 g/L ethanol from 20 % solids loading at 48 h applying cellulase alone without addition of beta-glucosidase. This represented a conversion rate of 0.088 g/L/h, the highest rate so far for cellulosic ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials. Elimination of beta-glucosidase in cellulose-to-ethanol fermentation would be expected to reduce cost of cellulose conversion. The robustness, fast growth rate, and the capability of producing both ethanol and beta-glucosidase illustrated the potential of strain Y-50464 as a potential candidate biocatalyst for advanced biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1203 EP 1211 DI 10.1007/s12155-014-9575-9 UT WOS:000360770400027 ER PT J AU Sindelar, AJ Lamb, JA Coulter, JA Sheaffer, CC Vetsch, JA AF Sindelar, Aaron J. Lamb, John A. Coulter, Jeffrey A. Sheaffer, Craig C. Vetsch, Jeffrey A. TI Nitrogen and Tillage Management Affect Corn Cellulosic Yield, Composition, and Ethanol Potential SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH AB Corn (Zea mays L.) stover and cobs remaining after grain harvest can serve as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production. Field trials were conducted at two locations in Minnesota over three years to determine how corn cellulosic yield composition and ethanol yield are influenced by tillage system [chisel tillage (CT), strip-tillage (ST), and no-tillage (NT)] and fertilizer N rate (0, 45, 90, 134, 179, and 234 kg N ha(-1)). Stover biomass yield, C and N concentrations and content, and potential ethanol yield increased with increasing fertilizer N rate. Stover biomass yield, C content, and potential cellulosic ethanol yield were less with NT than CT and ST by a parts per thousand yen9, 8, and 8 %, respectively. Theoretical ethanol yield of stover was maximized at a fertilizer N rate lower than the economically optimum N rate (EONR) for grain yield. Cob biomass yield, C concentration and content, N concentration, and potential ethanol yield increased with fertilizer N rate, but not at the same magnitude observed for stover. Tillage system did not influence cob biomass yield, C and N concentrations and content, or potential ethanol yield. These results demonstrate that biomass and ethanol production of stover and cobs can be affected by N and tillage management. Cobs may be a more viable feedstock option than stover because nearly all measured variables were less sensitive to management and their harvest removes less C and N from a field compared to full harvest of combined cobs and stover. SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1284 EP 1291 DI 10.1007/s12155-015-9586-1 UT WOS:000360770400034 ER PT J AU Adler, PR Rau, BM Roth, GW AF Adler, Paul R. Rau, Benjamin M. Roth, Gregory W. TI Sustainability of Corn Stover Harvest Strategies in Pennsylvania SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH AB Pennsylvania farmers have a long history of harvesting corn (Zea mays L.) stover after grain harvest for animal bedding and feed or as a component of mushroom compost, or as silage for dairy cattle feed. With the shallow soils and rolling topography, soil erosion and carbon losses have been minimized through extensive use of cover crops, no-till, and organic matter additions from animal manure. Our objective was to determine the effect of harvesting corn stover as a feedstock for bioenergy production in continuous corn or corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations on corn grain and stover yields, soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and the potential for cover crops to mitigate negative impacts of stover harvest. Although there was not a significant effect of stover harvest on corn grain yields in continuous corn, stover harvest tended to increase yields in years with wet springs but decreased them in dry years. Under the corn soybean rotation, 100 % stover removal always resulted in lower grain yields. The harvest index (HI) varied from 0.45 to > 0.6 over the 5-year period with the lowest HI values being in response to a late summer drought and highest values being associated with an early summer drought. In most cases, 60 % soil cover was maintained in fall and spring with 50 % harvest of corn stover. Without a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop, surface residue for 100 % stover harvest ranged from 20 to 30 %, whereas it was greater than 40 % when rye was established promptly in the fall. Soil carbon was similar across stover removal levels, crop rotations, and cover crops, as were soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations, since nutrient removal by the grain and stover were replaced with fertilizer additions. Based on the crop yield, surface cover, and soil nutrient responses, partial stover removal could be sustainable under typical climate and management practices in Pennsylvania. SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1310 EP 1320 DI 10.1007/s12155-015-9593-2 UT WOS:000360770400037 ER PT J AU Sindelar, AJ Sheaffer, CC Lamb, JA Jung, HJG Rosen, CJ AF Sindelar, Aaron J. Sheaffer, Craig C. Lamb, John A. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Rosen, Carl J. TI Maize Stover and Cob Cell Wall Composition and Ethanol Potential as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH AB Maize (Zea mays L.) stover and cobs are potential feedstock sources for cellulosic ethanol production. Nitrogen (N) fertilization is an important management decision that influences cellulosic biomass and grain production, but its effect on cell wall composition and subsequent cellulosic ethanol production is not known. The objectives of this study were to quantify the responses of maize stover (leaves, stalks, husks, and tassel) and cob cell wall composition and theoretical ethanol yield potential to N fertilization across a range of sites. Field experiments were conducted at rainfed and irrigated sites in Minnesota, USA, over a 2-year period. Stover cell wall polysaccharides, pentose sugar concentration, and theoretical ethanol yield decreased as N fertilization increased. Stover Klason lignin increased with N fertilization at all sites. Cob cell wall composition was less sensitive to N fertilization, as only pentose and Klason lignin decreased with N fertilization at two and one site(s), respectively, and hexose increased with N fertilization at one of eight sites. Cob theoretical ethanol yield was not affected by N fertilization at any site. These results indicate variation in stover cellulosic ethanol production is possible as a result of N management. This study also demonstrated that cell wall composition and subsequent theoretical ethanol yield of maize cobs are generally more stable than those with stover because of overall less sensitivity to N management. SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1352 EP 1361 DI 10.1007/s12155-015-9595-0 UT WOS:000360770400041 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Santoro, N Foster, CE Elumalai, S Ralph, J Pan, XJ AF Grabber, John H. Santoro, Nicholas Foster, Cliff E. Elumalai, Sasikumar Ralph, John Pan, Xuejun TI Incorporation of Flavonoid Derivatives or Pentagalloyl Glucose into Lignin Enhances Cell Wall Saccharification Following Mild Alkaline or Acidic Pretreatments SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH AB Partial substitution of normal monolignols with phenolic precursors from other metabolic pathways may improve the susceptibility of lignified biomass to chemical pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification for biofuel production. Flavonoids and gallate esters readily undergo oxidative coupling reactions, suggesting they could serve as alternate monomers for forming lignin in plants. To test this premise, primary cell walls of Zea mays (L.) were artificially lignified with normal monolignols plus various flavan-3-ol/phenolic ester derivatives, flavonol glycoside/gallate ester derivatives, or pentagalloyl glucose added as 0 or 45 % of the precursor mixture. Most alternate monomers readily copolymerized with normal monolignols, but wall-bound lignin was most efficiently formed with epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, or hyperoside. Yields of glucose from a high-throughput digestibility platform were used to examine how lignin modifications affected the susceptibility of cell walls to enzymatic hydrolysis following alkaline or acidic pretreatments of different severities. With the exception of hyperoside, incorporation of alternate monomers into lignin improved yields of enzymatically released glucose by 18-60 % after mild alkaline pretreatment and by 6-34 % after mild acid pretreatment. Responses due to lignin modification diminished as pretreatment severity increased. Overall, our results suggest that apoplastic deposition of pentagalloyl glucose or gallated flavan-3-ols such as epicatechin gallate or epigallocatechin gallate for incorporation into lignin could be promising plant genetic engineering targets for improving sugar yields from grass biomass crops that are subjected to low-temperature alkaline pretreatments. SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1391 EP 1400 DI 10.1007/s12155-015-9605-2 UT WOS:000360770400045 ER PT J AU Michaud, S Boncristiani, HF Gouw, JW Strand, MK Pettis, J Rueppell, O Foster, LJ AF Michaud, Sarah Boncristiani, Humberto F., Jr. Gouw, Joost W. Strand, Micheline K. Pettis, Jeffrey Rueppell, Olav Foster, Leonard J. TI Response of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) proteome to Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) infection SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY AB Recent declines in honey bee (Apis mellifera L., 1758) populations worldwide have spurred significant research into the impact of pathogens on colony health. The role of the Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) on hive mortality has become of particular concern since being correlated with colony losses. However, the molecular interactions between IAPV and its host remain largely unknown. To investigate changes in host protein expression during IAPV infection, mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics was used to compare IAPV-infected and healthy pupae. Proteins whose expression levels changed significantly during infection were identified and functional analysis was performed to determine host systems and pathways perturbed by IAPV infection. Among the A. mellifera proteins most affected by IAPV, those involving translation and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were most highly enriched and future investigation of these pathways will be useful in identifying host proteins required for infection. This analysis represents an important first step towards understanding the honey bee host response to IAPV infection through the systems-level analysis of protein expression. OI Rueppell, Olav/0000-0001-5370-4229 SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 93 IS 9 SI SI BP 711 EP 720 DI 10.1139/cjz-2014-0181 UT WOS:000360946900005 ER PT J AU Zhu, K Woodall, CW Monteiro, JVD Clark, JS AF Zhu, Kai Woodall, Christopher W. Monteiro, Joao V. D. Clark, James S. TI Prevalence and strength of density-dependent tree recruitment SO ECOLOGY AB Density dependence could maintain diversity in forests, but studies continue to disagree on its role. Part of the disagreement results from the fact that different studies have evaluated different responses (survival, recruitment, or growth) of different stages (seeds, seedlings, or adults) to different inputs (density of seedlings, density or distance to adults). Most studies are conducted on a single site and thus are difficult to generalize. Using USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis data, we analyzed over a million seedling-to-sapling recruitment observations of 50 species from the eastern United States, controlling for the effects of climate. We focused on the per-seedling recruitment rate, because it is most likely to promote diversity and to be identified in observational or experimental data. To understand the prevalence of density dependence, we quantified the number of species with significant positive or negative effects. To understand the strength of density dependence, we determined the magnitude of effects among con-and heterospecifics, and how it changes with overall species abundance. We found that density dependence is pervasive among the 50 species, as the majority of them have significant effects and mostly negative. Density-dependence effects are stronger from conspecific than heterospecfic adult neighbors, consistent with the predictions of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Contrary to recent reports, density-dependence effects are more negative for common than rare species, suggesting disproportionately stronger population regulation in common species. We conclude that density dependence is pervasive, and it is strongest from conspecific neighbors of common species. Our analysis provides direct evidence that density dependence regulates population dynamics of tree species in eastern U.S. forests. RI Zhu, Kai/H-1022-2013 OI Zhu, Kai/0000-0003-1587-3317 SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 96 IS 9 BP 2319 EP 2327 DI 10.1890/14-1780.1 UT WOS:000361152100001 PM 26594690 ER PT J AU Celis-Morales, C Livingstone, KM Woolhead, C Forster, H O'Donovan, CB Macready, AL Fallaize, R Marsaux, CFM Tsirigoti, L Efstathopoulou, E Moschonis, G Navas-Carretero, S San-Cristobal, R Kolossa, S Klein, UL Hallmann, J Godlewska, M Surwillo, A Drevon, CA Bouwman, J Grimaldi, K Parnell, LD Manios, Y Traczyk, I Gibney, ER Brennan, L Walsh, MC Lovegrove, JA Martinez, JA Daniel, H Saris, WHM Gibney, M Mathers, JC AF Celis-Morales, Carlos Livingstone, Katherine M. Woolhead, Clara Forster, Hannah O'Donovan, Clare B. Macready, Anna L. Fallaize, Rosalind Marsaux, Cyril F. M. Tsirigoti, Lydia Efstathopoulou, Eirini Moschonis, George Navas-Carretero, Santiago San-Cristobal, Rodrigo Kolossa, Silvia Klein, Ulla L. Hallmann, Jacqueline Godlewska, Magdalena Surwillo, Agnieszka Drevon, Christian A. Bouwman, Jildau Grimaldi, Keith Parnell, Laurence D. Manios, Yannis Traczyk, Iwona Gibney, Eileen R. Brennan, Lorraine Walsh, Marianne C. Lovegrove, Julie A. Martinez, J. Alfredo Daniel, Hannelore Saris, Wim H. M. Gibney, Mike Mathers, John C. TI How reliable is internet-based self-reported identity, socio-demographic and obesity measures in European adults? SO GENES AND NUTRITION AB In e-health intervention studies, there are concerns about the reliability of internet-based, self-reported (SR) data and about the potential for identity fraud. This study introduced and tested a novel procedure for assessing the validity of internet-based, SR identity and validated anthropometric and demographic data via measurements performed face-to-face in a validation study (VS). Participants (n = 140) from seven European countries, participating in the Food4Me intervention study which aimed to test the efficacy of personalised nutrition approaches delivered via the internet, were invited to take part in the VS. Participants visited a research centre in each country within 2 weeks of providing SR data via the internet. Participants received detailed instructions on how to perform each measurement. Individual's identity was checked visually and by repeated collection and analysis of buccal cell DNA for 33 genetic variants. Validation of identity using genomic information showed perfect concordance between SR and VS. Similar results were found for demographic data (age and sex verification). We observed strong intra-class correlation coefficients between SR and VS for anthropometric data (height 0.990, weight 0.994 and BMI 0.983). However, internet-based SR weight was under-reported (Delta -0.70 kg [-3.6 to 2.1], p < 0.0001) and, therefore, BMI was lower for SR data (Delta -0.29 kg m(-2) [-1.5 to 1.0], p < 0.0001). BMI classification was correct in 93 % of cases. We demonstrate the utility of genotype information for detection of possible identity fraud in e-health studies and confirm the reliability of internet-based, SR anthropometric and demographic data collected in the Food4Me study. RI Livingstone, Katherine/R-7202-2016; Forster, Hannah/J-4948-2014; OI Livingstone, Katherine/0000-0002-9682-7541; grimaldi, keith/0000-0003-2271-5990; Forster, Hannah/0000-0001-5944-8027; Mathers, John/0000-0003-3406-3002; Navas-Carretero, Santiago/0000-0002-5163-2230; Brennan, Lorraine/0000-0002-7711-7499 SN 1555-8932 EI 1865-3499 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 10 IS 5 AR 28 DI 10.1007/s12263-015-0476-0 UT WOS:000360820100001 ER PT J AU Castellano, MJ Mueller, KE Olk, DC Sawyer, JE Six, J AF Castellano, Michael J. Mueller, Kevin E. Olk, Daniel C. Sawyer, John E. Six, Johan TI Integrating plant litter quality, soil organic matter stabilization, and the carbon saturation concept SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB Labile, 'high-quality', plant litters are hypothesized to promote soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization in mineral soil fractions that are physicochemically protected from rapid mineralization. However, the effect of litter quality on SOM stabilization is inconsistent. High-quality litters, characterized by high N concentrations, low C/N ratios, and low phenol/lignin concentrations, are not consistently stabilized in SOM with greater efficiency than 'low-quality' litters characterized by low N concentrations, high C/N ratios, and high phenol/lignin concentrations. Here, we attempt to resolve these inconsistent results by developing a new conceptual model that links litter quality to the soil C saturation concept. Our model builds on the Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization framework (Cotrufo et al., 2013) by suggesting the effect of litter quality on SOM stabilization is modulated by the extent of soil C saturation such that high-quality litters are not always stabilized in SOM with greater efficiency than low-quality litters. OI Mueller, Kevin/0000-0002-0739-7472; Castellano, Michael/0000-0003-1411-7931 SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 21 IS 9 BP 3200 EP 3209 DI 10.1111/gcb.12982 UT WOS:000360998400004 PM 25990618 ER PT J AU Buma, B Barrett, TM AF Buma, Brian Barrett, Tara M. TI Spatial and topographic trends in forest expansion and biomass change, from regional to local scales SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB Natural forest growth and expansion are important carbon sequestration processes globally. Climate change is likely to increase forest growth in some regions via CO2 fertilization, increased temperatures, and altered precipitation; however, altered disturbance regimes and climate stress (e.g. drought) will act to reduce carbon stocks in forests as well. Observations of asynchrony in forest change is useful in determining current trends in forest carbon stocks, both in terms of forest density (e.g. Mg ha(-1)) and spatially (extent and location). Monitoring change in natural (unmanaged) areas is particularly useful, as while afforestation and recovery from historic land use are currently large carbon sinks, the long-term viability of those sinks depends on climate change and disturbance dynamics at their particular location. We utilize a large, unmanaged biome (>135 000 km(2)) which spans a broad latitudinal gradient to explore how variation in location affects forest density and spatial patterning: the forests of the North American temperate rainforests in Alaska, which store >2.8 Pg C in biomass and soil, equivalent to >8% of the C in contiguous US forests. We demonstrate that the regional biome is shifting; gains exceed losses and are located in different spatio-topographic contexts. Forest gains are concentrated on northerly aspects, lower elevations, and higher latitudes, especially in sheltered areas, whereas loss is skewed toward southerly aspects and lower latitudes. Repeat plot-scale biomass data (n = 759) indicate that within-forest biomass gains outpace losses (live trees >12.7 cm diameter, 986 Gg yr(-1)) on gentler slopes and in higher latitudes. This work demonstrates that while temperate rainforest dynamics occur at fine spatial scales (<1000 m(2)), the net result of thousands of individual events is regionally patterned change. Correlations between the disturbance/establishment imbalance and biomass accumulation suggest the potential for relatively rapid biome shifts and biomass changes. SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 21 IS 9 BP 3445 EP 3454 DI 10.1111/gcb.12915 UT WOS:000360998400023 PM 25726931 ER PT J AU Harlow, BE Lawrence, LM Flythe, MD AF Harlow, Brittany E. Lawrence, Laurie M. Flythe, Michael D. TI Sample-Handling Factors Affecting the Enumeration of Lactobacilli and Cellulolytic Bacteria in Equine Feces SO JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE AB The objectives were to compare media types and evaluate the effects of fecal storage time and temperature on the enumeration of cellulolytic bacteria and lactobacilli from horses. Fecal samples were collected from horses (n = 3) and transported to the laboratory (100% CO2, 37 degrees C, 0.5 hours). The samples were assigned to one of four storage temperatures: initial (no storage), 37 degrees C, room temperature (RT; 22 degrees C-24 degrees C), or 4 degrees C. The initial samples were enumerated five times to assess repeatability. Feces stored at each temperature were used to enumerate cellulolytics (rich or defined media) and lactobacilli (Rogosa selective lactobacilli [SL] or MRS agar) over a 24-hour time course. All media were repeatable within media type. The cellulolytic media types produced similar results. After 2 hours, the cellulolytics lost >99% viability in RT and 4 degrees C and 90% viability in 37 degrees C (P < .05). By 24 hours of storage, 10(5)-fold to 10(6)-fold fewer cellulolytics were observed in 37 degrees C and RT (P < .05). There were no detectable cellulolytics in 4 degrees C at 24 hours. Viable counts on MRS were not reported due to insufficient selectivity. There were fewer lactobacilli in RT and 4 degrees C after 2 hours (P < .05). There was no change in lactobacilli from 2 to 4 hours at 37 degrees C storage, but there was an increase in lactobacilli after 8 hours (P < .05). These results demonstrate that storage time and temperature are important to consider when enumerating lactobacilli and cellulolytics from feces. Published by Elsevier Inc. RI Flythe, Michael/F-2500-2010; OI Flythe, Michael/0000-0002-8868-9169; Harlow, Brittany/0000-0002-2269-351X SN 0737-0806 EI 1542-7412 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 35 IS 9 BP 744 EP 748 DI 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.07.011 UT WOS:000361084400007 ER PT J AU Schwarz, RS Bauchan, GR Murphy, CA Ravoet, J de Graaf, DC Evans, JD AF Schwarz, Ryan S. Bauchan, Gary R. Murphy, Charles A. Ravoet, Jorgen de Graaf, Dirk C. Evans, Jay D. TI Characterization of Two Species of Trypanosomatidae from the Honey Bee Apis mellifera: Crithidia mellificae Langridge and McGhee, 1967 and Lotmaria passim n. gen., n. sp. SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY AB Trypanosomatids are increasingly recognized as prevalent in European honey bees (Apis mellifera) and by default are attributed to one recognized species, Crithidia mellificae Langridge and McGhee, 1967. We provide reference genetic and ultrastructural data for type isolates of C. mellificae (ATCC 30254 and 30862) in comparison with two recent isolates from A. mellifera (BRL and SF). Phylogenetics unambiguously identify strains BRL/SF as a novel taxonomic unit distinct from C. mellificae strains 30254/30862 and assign all four strains as lineages of a novel clade within the subfamily Leishmaniinae. In vivo analyses show strains BRL/SF preferably colonize the hindgut, lining the lumen as adherent spheroids in a manner identical to previous descriptions from C. mellificae. Microscopy images show motile forms of C. mellificae are distinct from strains BRL/SF. We propose the binomial Lotmaria passim n. gen., n. sp. for this previously undescribed taxon. Analyses of new and previously accessioned genetic data show C. mellificae is still extant in bee populations, however, L. passim n. gen., n. sp. is currently the predominant trypanosomatid in A. mellifera globally. Our findings require that previous reports of C. mellificae be reconsidered and that subsequent trypanosomatid species designations from Hymenoptera provide genetic support. RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Schwarz, Ryan/0000-0001-8387-3250 SN 1066-5234 EI 1550-7408 PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 62 IS 5 BP 567 EP 583 DI 10.1111/jeu.12209 UT WOS:000360970100001 PM 25712037 ER PT J AU Nowak, JT Meeker, JR Coyle, DR Steiner, CA Brownie, C AF Nowak, John T. Meeker, James R. Coyle, David R. Steiner, Chris A. Brownie, Cavell TI Southern Pine Beetle Infestations in Relation to Forest Stand Conditions, Previous Thinning, and Prescribed Burning: Evaluation of the Southern Pine Beetle Prevention Program SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY AB Since 2003, the Southern Pine Beetle Prevention Program (SPBPP) (a joint effort of the USDA Forest Service and Southern Group of State Foresters) has encouraged and provided cost-share assistance for silvicultural treatments to reduce stand/forest susceptibility to the southern pine beetle (SPB) (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) in the southeastern United States. Until now, stand- and landscape-level tests of this program's efficacy were nonexistent. In 2012, SPB outbreaks occurred in the Homochitto and Bienville National Forests (NFs) in Mississippi. Parts of each NF were treated (thinned) using SPBPP management recommendations, whereas other areas were untreated (unthinned). In the Homochitto NF, 99.7% of SPB spots occurred in unthinned stands, whereas all SPB spots occurred in unthinned stands in the Bienville NF. Unthinned stands in both NFs had higher basal area, higher stocking, and lower growth rates over the last decade. Burning also resulted in a lower incidence of SPB infestation. Our retrospective study results validate the effectiveness of SPBPP treatments for reducing stand- and landscape-level susceptibility to SPB, which encourages proper silvicultural methods that increase tree spacing, growth, and vitality, while effectively altering the in-stand atmosphere enough to interfere with SPB pheromone communication, thus reducing susceptibility to SPB spot initiation and spread. SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 113 IS 5 BP 454 EP 462 DI 10.5849/jof.15-002 UT WOS:000361080700003 ER PT J AU Goeking, SA AF Goeking, Sara A. TI Disentangling Forest Change from Forest Inventory Change: Case Study from the US Interior West SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY AB Long-term trends in forest attributes are typically assessed using strategic inventories such as the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (HA) program. The implicit assumption of any trend analysis is that data are comparable over time. The 1998 Farm Bill tasked HA with implementing nationally consistent protocols, including a spatially and temporally balanced sample design, whereas previous inventory methods varied spatially and temporally. To disentangle the artifacts of changing inventory designs from real forest change, this study assessed trends at plots that were measured both before and after implementation of the new inventory design in eight western states. Changes in live and dead tree volume, growth, and mortality were evaluated using only colocated plots and then compared with changes observed across entire inventories. The results sometimes differ in magnitude or are even contradictory, demonstrating that historical forest inventories may provide an incomplete picture of reference conditions in some western states. SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 113 IS 5 BP 475 EP 483 DI 10.5849/jof.14-088 UT WOS:000361080700005 ER PT J AU Francesconi, W Smith, DR Flanagan, DC Huang, CH Wang, XY AF Francesconi, Wendy Smith, Douglas R. Flanagan, Dennis C. Huang, Chi-Hua Wang, Xiuying TI Modeling conservation practices in APEX: from the field to the watershed SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH AB Evaluation of USDA conservation programs are required as part of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). The Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model was applied to the St. Joseph River watershed, one of CEAP's benchmark watersheds. Using a previously calibrated and validated APEX model, the simulation of various conservation practices (single and combined) was conducted at the field scale. Seven variables [runoff, sediment, total phosphorus (TP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), soluble nitrogen (SN), tile flow, and soluble nitrogen in tile (SN-Tile)], were compared between the simulated practices. The field-scale outputs were extrapolated to the areas encompassed by the different conservation practices at the watershed scale. The speculative estimations are presented as percentage reductions compared to the baseline scenario. When single conservation practices were implemented, reductions were 39% for sediment, 7% for TP, and 24% for SN-Tile. In contrast, losses of DRP and SN increased by 5% and 57%, respectively. When the conservation practices were combined, percentage reductions increased for all variables. The total reductions for combined two and three practices were 68% and 91% for sediments, 35% and 74% for TP, 1% and 48% for DRP, 43% and 28% for SN, and 50% and 85% for SN-Tile. Negative reductions were due to the slightly higher DRP and SN loads in no-till, mulch-till, and conservation crop rotation practices, and their greater extent of incorporation at the watershed scale. Overall, the cumulative and combined effects of field conservation practices can help address the watershed's excess nutrient and sediment concerns and improve water quality. (C) 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0380-1330 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 41 IS 3 BP 760 EP 769 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.05.001 UT WOS:000360781400009 ER PT J AU Coble, AA Marcarelli, AM Kane, ES AF Coble, Ashley A. Marcarelli, Amy M. Kane, Evan S. TI Ammonium and glucose amendments stimulate dissolved organic matter mineralization in a Lake Superior tributary SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an integral role in the biogeochemical cycles of aquatic ecosystems, and rates of DOM mineralization can be affected by nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) availability in the water column. To determine if DOM mineralization rates were limited by availability of N or C in a small tributary of Lake Superior, we conducted 28-day laboratory experiments where we amended stream water with a microbial inoculum and ammonium (NH4+) and/or glucose in a full factorial design. We repeated these experiments on four dates (July, October, January, April) because we expected nutrient limitation to vary with temporal changes in sources of DOM and nutrients. DOM mineralization rates were stimulated by additions of NH4+ in three of the four experiments and by glucose in all four experiments, even in October when carbon inputs to the stream via leaf litter were greatest. Mean biodegradable dissolved organic C was greater in July (40.6% +/- 5.4) than October (10.2% +/- 0.9) or January (9.6% +/- 10.9) but did not differ from April (18.4% +/- 0.7), which suggests the composition of DOM varies temporally. Our results suggest that biodegradable DOM is exported from this forested stream to nearshore Lake Superior throughout the year, but DOM mineralization can be stimulated by additions of both carbon and nitrogen. Nutrient enrichment may alter in-stream processing of DOM in small forested tributary streams, in turn reducing export of biodegradable DOM to nearshore regions of the Great Lakes where it fuels microbial production. (C) 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Marcarelli, Amy/0000-0002-4175-9211 SN 0380-1330 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 41 IS 3 BP 801 EP 807 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.05.015 UT WOS:000360781400013 ER PT J AU Reicosky, DC AF Reicosky, Don C. TI Conservation tillage is not conservation agriculture SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 70 IS 5 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.2489/jswc.70.5.103A UT WOS:000361035700001 ER PT J AU Kambauwa, G Mlamba, J Delgado, JA Kabambe, V AF Kambauwa, Gertrude Mlamba, James Delgado, Jorge A. Kabambe, Vernon TI Conservation strategies to adapt to projected climate change impacts in Malawi SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 70 IS 5 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.2489/jswc.70.5.109A UT WOS:000361035700002 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Beeler, LW Ong, RG Dale, BE AF Karlen, D. L. Beeler, L. W. Ong, R. G. Dale, B. E. TI Balancing energy, conservation, and soil health requirements for plant biomass SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 70 IS 5 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.2489/jswc.70.5.279 UT WOS:000361035700004 ER PT J AU Veith, TL Richards, JE Goslee, SC Collick, AS Bryant, RB Miller, DA Bills, BW Buda, AR Sebring, RL Kleinman, PJA AF Veith, T. L. Richards, J. E. Goslee, S. C. Collick, A. S. Bryant, R. B. Miller, D. A. Bills, B. W. Buda, A. R. Sebring, R. L. Kleinman, P. J. A. TI Navigating spatial and temporal complexity in developing a long-term land use database for an agricultural watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AB No comprehensive protocols exist for the collection, standardization, and storage of agronomic management information into a database that preserves privacy, maintains data uncertainty, and translates everyday decisions into quantitative values. This paper describes the development of a relational database intended to meet the agronomic and ecosystem interests of potential users from a long-term experimental watershed located in Pennsylvania, United States' Ridge and Valley physiographic province. We discuss the type and complexity of the data, which has historically been documented in free-form surveys collected through discussion with farmers. We detail the development process of a spatially and temporally explicit land management database and discuss the challenges in standardizing, without generalizing, 13 years of historic free-form data for 13 farms and 315 fields. Finally, we provide examples at field, farm, and watershed scales of how this database serves as a foundation for other data sets and modeling efforts that support research aimed at helping farmers meet long-term production, land stewardship, and water quality goals. RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 70 IS 5 BP 288 EP 296 DI 10.2489/jswc.70.5.288 UT WOS:000361035700005 ER PT J AU Bakota, EL Winkler-Moser, JK Berhow, MA Palmquist, DE Liu, SX AF Bakota, Erica L. Winkler-Moser, Jill K. Berhow, Mark A. Palmquist, Debra E. Liu, Sean X. TI Antioxidant Activity of Hybrid Grape Pomace Extracts Derived from Midwestern Grapes in Bulk Oil and Oil-in-Water Emulsions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY AB Natural antioxidants to inhibit oxidation in edible oils are in high demand. Grape pomace is an abundant, inexpensive source of polyphenolic antioxidants, which are responsible for numerous health benefits. We examined pomace from eight varieties of Midwestern hybrid grapes for phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Ethanolic extracts produced from the pomace of each grape variety were added to two model systems, bulk soybean oil and oil-in-water emulsions, to determine antioxidant activity. Oxidation was monitored in each model system at a temperature appropriate to that particular system. While the extracts had relatively little effect in bulk oil, we observed dose-dependent antioxidant effects of some extracts in oil-in-water emulsions. Oxidation in bulk oils was assessed via total polar compounds and polymerized triacylglycerols. Oxidation in emulsions was assessed by peroxide value, headspace oxygen measurements, gas chromatography of headspace volatiles, and fatty acid analysis. Pomace extracts derived from red grapes generally outperformed those from white grapes, with the Marechal Foch variety showing high antioxidant activity at intermediate concentrations. At higher concentrations, Marechal Foch, Corot Noir, Frontenac, and Norton extracts showed promising antioxidant activity. This is the first report on antioxidant activity in an oil and emulsion setting for many of these grape varieties. SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 92 IS 9 BP 1333 EP 1348 DI 10.1007/s11746-015-2698-0 UT WOS:000360934700011 ER PT J AU Haas, MJ Barr, MR Phillips, J Wagner, KM AF Haas, Michael J. Barr, Meredith R. Phillips, John Wagner, Karen M. TI A Simple Standardization Method for the Biodiesel Cold Soak Filtration Apparatus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY AB Commercially available refined vegetable oils were investigated as calibration standards for the filtration device and protocol specified by ASTM D7501 for conducting the biodiesel cold soak filtration test. Filtration time was determined to be a function of the amount of vacuum applied during filtration, with an 8 % change in the filtration time of soybean oil occurring across the vacuum range specified by ASTM D7501. At a constant vacuum of 57 cm Hg the mean filtration time of 150 mL of soybean oil was independent of operator, device, and oil lot number. Mean filtration time was also largely independent of brand: the average of the mean filtration times of replicate samples of seven brands of soybean oil was 396 s with a minimum significant difference (MSD) of 28 s, and the filtration times of seven of eight brands of soybean oil tested fell within this MSD. Refined edible-grade corn, canola, peanut, safflower and sunflower oils gave reliable filtration times and would be suitable standards. Each oil exhibited a characteristic filtration time, all greater than that for soy oil. Filtration times were an approximately linear function of kinematic viscosities, as predicted by Darcy's Law. Edible vegetable oils can serve as reliable, affordable, consistent and generally available materials for confirming the operability of the filtration device used in the biodiesel cold soak filtration test. SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 92 IS 9 BP 1357 EP 1363 DI 10.1007/s11746-015-2695-3 UT WOS:000360934700013 ER PT J AU Pega, J Di Giacomo, S Bucafusco, D Schammas, JM Malacari, D Barrionuevo, F Capozzo, AV Rodriguez, LL Borca, MV Perez-Filgueira, M AF Pega, J. Di Giacomo, S. Bucafusco, D. Schammas, J. M. Malacari, D. Barrionuevo, F. Capozzo, A. V. Rodriguez, L. L. Borca, M. V. Perez-Filgueira, M. TI Systemic Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccination in Cattle Promotes Specific Antibody-Secreting Cells at the Respiratory Tract and Triggers Local Anamnestic Responses upon Aerosol Infection SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting biungulate species. Commercial vaccines, formulated with inactivated FMD virus (FMDV), are regularly used worldwide to control the disease. Here, we studied the generation of antibody responses in local lymphoid tissues along the respiratory system in vaccinated and further aerosol-infected cattle. Animals immunized with a high-payload monovalent FMD vaccine developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies at 7 days postvaccination (dpv), reaching a plateau at 29 dpv. FMDV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC), predominantly IgM, were evident at 7 dpv in the prescapular lymph node (LN) draining the vaccination site and in distal LN draining the respiratory mucosa, although in lower numbers. At 29 dpv, a significant switch to IgG1 was clear in prescapular LN, while FMDV-specific ASC were detected in all lymphoid tissues draining the respiratory tract, mostly as IgM-secreting cells. None of the animals (n = 10) exhibited FMD symptoms after oronasal challenge at 30 dpv. Three days postinfection, a large increase in ASC numbers and rapid isotype switches to IgG1 were observed, particularly in LN-draining virus replication sites already described. These results indicate for the first time that systemic FMD vaccination in cattle effectively promotes the presence of anti-FMDV ASC in lymphoid tissues associated with the respiratory system. Oronasal infection triggered an immune reaction compatible with a local anamnestic response upon contact with the replicating FMDV, suggesting that FMD vaccination induces the circulation of virus-specific B lymphocytes, including memory B cells that differentiate into ASC soon after contact with the infective virus. IMPORTANCE Over recent decades, world animal health organizations as well as national sanitary authorities have supported the use of vaccination as an essential component of the official FMD control programs in both endemic and disease-free settings. Very few works studied the local immunity induced by FMD vaccines at the respiratory mucosa, and local responses induced in vaccinated animals after aerosol infection have not been described yet. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that systemic FMD vaccination (i) induced the early presence of active antigen-specific ASC along the respiratory tract and (ii) prompted a rapid local antibody response in the respiratory mucosa, triggered upon oronasal challenge and congruent with a memory B-cell response. This information may help to understand novel aspects of protective responses induced by current FMD vaccines as well as to provide alternative parameters to establish protection efficiency for new vaccine developments. OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 89 IS 18 BP 9581 EP 9590 DI 10.1128/JVI.01082-15 UT WOS:000360704400038 PM 26157128 ER PT J AU Judith, C Rossman, AY Kennedy, AH Caceres, O Piepenbring, M AF Judith, Caroline Rossman, Amy Y. Kennedy, Aaron H. Caceres, Orlando Piepenbring, Meike TI Microchrysosphaera graminicola, an enigmatic new genus and species in the Hypocreales from Panama SO MYCOLOGICAL PROGRESS AB An unusual fungus with a novel set of morphological, ecological, and DNA sequence characteristics was found to be causing necrosis of distal portions of living leaves and sterility of Parodiophyllochloa cordovensis (Poaceae) in Panama. The small, superficial, soft-textured yellow perithecia develop directly on the surface of the necrotic plant tissue. The unitunicate asci are filled with hyaline, long-fusiform, typically 6-12-septate ascospores that disarticulate into secondary part-ascospores that later produce tertiary spores. This undescribed fungus could not be cultured, nor was an asexual state observed. Morphological characteristics are inconsistent with any existing generic concept, but suggest a close phylogenetic relationship with species of Hypocreales. This was confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis of nrLSU rDNA sequences. While host relationship and disarticulation of ascospores suggest an affinity between this fungus and species of Clavicipitaceae, its colonization of necrotic tissue of a living host, lack of stromata, non-thickened apices of the asci, and long-fusiform (not filiform) ascospores suggest otherwise. Furthermore, this fungus differs morphologically from species in Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae in its disarticulating long-fusiform ascospores, part-ascospores producing tertiary spores, and occurrence on living grasses. Our phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, nrLSU, and TEF1 sequences yielded evidence for placement of the new species within the Hypocreales, close to Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae. However, our analysis did not specifically clarify and support the species' membership within either family. This fungus is described as Microchrysosphaera graminicola, a new SN 1617-416X EI 1861-8952 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 14 IS 9 AR 72 DI 10.1007/s11557-015-1095-2 UT WOS:000361001200008 ER PT J AU Peng, WJ Li, JL Zhao, YZ Chen, YP Zeng, ZJ AF Peng, Wenjun Li, Jilian Zhao, Yazhou Chen, Yanping Zeng, Zhijiang TI A descriptive study of the prevalence of parasites and pathogens in Chinese black honeybees SO PARASITOLOGY AB The Chinese black honey bee is a distinct honey bee subspecies distributed in the Xinjiang, Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces of China. We conducted a study to investigate the genetic origin and the parasite/pathogen profile on Chinese black honeybees. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Chinese black honeybees were two distinct groups: one group of bees formed a distinct clade that was most similar to Apis mellifera mellifera and the other group was a hybrid of the subspecies, Apis mellifera carnica, Apis mellifera anatolica and Apis mellifera caucasica. This suggests that the beekeeping practices might have promoted gene flow between different subspecies. Screening for pathogens and parasites showed that Varroa destructor and viruses were detected at low prevalence in Chinese black honeybees, compared with Italian bees. Further, a population of pure breeding black honeybees, A. m. mellifera, displayed a high degree of resistance to Varroa. No Varroa mites or Deformed wing virus could be detected in any examined bee colonies. This finding suggests that a population of pure breeding Chinese black honeybees possess some natural resistance to Varroa and indicated the need or importance for the conservation of the black honeybees in China. SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 142 IS 11 BP 1364 EP 1374 DI 10.1017/S0031182015000840 UT WOS:000361147300002 PM 26291681 ER PT J AU Mason, S Dubey, JP Smith, JE Boag, B AF Mason, Sam Dubey, J. P. Smith, Judith E. Boag, Brian TI Toxoplasma gondii coinfection with diseases and parasites in wild rabbits in Scotland SO PARASITOLOGY AB In wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on an estate in Perthshire, central Scotland, the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii was 18/548 (3.3%). The wild rabbit could be a T. gondii reservoir and it has potential value as a sentinel of T. gondii in environmental substrates. Toxoplasma gondii was associated with female sex (P < 0.001) and with relatively heavy infections by Eimeria stiedae (P = 0.036). It was not associated with the intensity of coccidial oocysts, the severity of myxomatosis caused by the virus Myxomatosis cuniculi, the intensity of roundworm eggs, the year or season, rabbit age or distance from farm buildings. Coinfections could have been affected by gestational down regulation of type 1 T helper cells. A sudden influx or release of T. gondii oocysts might have occurred. This is the first report of T. gondii in any wild herbivore in Scotland and also the first report of lapine T. gondii as a coinfection with E. stiedae, M. cuniculi and helminths. OI Smith, Judith/0000-0002-2206-3534 SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 142 IS 11 BP 1415 EP 1421 DI 10.1017/S003118201500075X UT WOS:000361147300007 PM 26144268 ER PT J AU Johnson, ET Evans, KO Dowd, PF AF Johnson, Eric T. Evans, Kervin O. Dowd, Patrick F. TI Antifungal Activity of a Synthetic Cationic Peptide against the Plant Pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola and Three Fusaritum Species SO PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL AB A small cationic peptide (1118944) was tested for activity against a number of pathogens of agricultural crops. JH8944 inhibited conidium growth in most of the tested plant pathogens with a dose of 50 mu g/ml, although one isolate of Fusarium oxysporum was inhibited at 5 mu g/ml of JH8944. Most conidia of Fusarium graminearum were killed within 6 hours of treatment with 50 mu g/ml of JH8944. Germinating F. graminearum conidia required 238 mu g/ml of JH8944 for 90% growth inhibition. The peptide did not cause any damage to tissues surrounding maize leaf punctures when tested at a higher concentration of 250 mu g/ml even after 3 days. Liposomes consisting of phosphatidylglycerol were susceptible to leakage after treatment with 25 and 50 mu g/ml of JH8944. These experiments suggest this peptide destroys fungal membrane integrity and could be utilized for control of crop fungal pathogens. SN 1598-2254 EI 2093-9280 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 316 EP 321 DI 10.5423/PPJ.NT.04.2015.0061 UT WOS:000360869800014 PM 26361481 ER PT J AU Louis, J Basu, S Varsani, S Castano-Duque, L Jiang, V Williams, WP Felton, GW Luthe, DS AF Louis, Joe Basu, Saumik Varsani, Suresh Castano-Duque, Lina Jiang, Victoria Williams, W. Paul Felton, Gary W. Luthe, Dawn S. TI Ethylene Contributes to maize insect resistance1-Mediated Maize Defense against the Phloem Sap-Sucking Corn Leaf Aphid SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB Signaling networks among multiple phytohormones fine-tune plant defense responses to insect herbivore attack. Previously, it was reported that the synergistic combination of ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) was required for accumulation of the maize insect resistance1 (mir1) gene product, a cysteine (Cys) proteinase that is a key defensive protein against chewing insect pests in maize (Zea mays). However, this study suggests that mir1-mediated resistance to corn leaf aphid (CLA; Rhopalosiphum maidis), a phloem sap-sucking insect pest, is independent of JA but regulated by the ET-signaling pathway. Feeding by CLA triggers the rapid accumulation of mir1 transcripts in the resistant maize genotype, Mp708. Furthermore, Mp708 provided elevated levels of antibiosis (limits aphid population)- and antixenosis (deters aphid settling)-mediated resistance to CLA compared with B73 and Tx601 maize susceptible inbred lines. Synthetic diet aphid feeding trial bioassays with recombinant Mir1-Cys Protease demonstrates that Mir1-Cys Protease provides direct toxicity to CLA. Furthermore, foliar feeding by CLA rapidly sends defensive signal(s) to the roots that trigger belowground accumulation of the mir1, signifying a potential role of long-distance signaling in maize defense against the phloem-feeding insects. Collectively, our data indicate that ET-regulated mir1 transcript accumulation, uncoupled from JA, contributed to heightened resistance to CLA in maize. In addition, our results underscore the significance of ET acting as a central node in regulating mir1 expression to different feeding guilds of insect herbivores. OI Varsani, Suresh/0000-0003-3192-978X; Basu, Saumik/0000-0002-3904-6984; Jiang, Victoria/0000-0002-3550-5522 SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 169 IS 1 BP 313 EP + DI 10.1104/pp.15.00958 UT WOS:000360930600025 PM 26253737 ER PT J AU Yuan, H Owsiany, K Sheeja, TE Zhou, XJ Rodriguez, C Li, YX Welsch, R Chayut, N Yang, Y Thannhauser, TW Parthasarathy, MV Xu, Q Deng, XX Fei, ZJ Schaffer, A Katzir, N Burger, J Tadmor, Y Li, L AF Yuan, Hui Owsiany, Katherine Sheeja, T. E. Zhou, Xiangjun Rodriguez, Caroline Li, Yongxi Welsch, Ralf Chayut, Noam Yang, Yong Thannhauser, Theodore W. Parthasarathy, Mandayam V. Xu, Qiang Deng, Xiuxin Fei, Zhangjun Schaffer, Ari Katzir, Nurit Burger, Joseph Tadmor, Yaakov Li, Li TI A Single Amino Acid Substitution in an ORANGE Protein Promotes Carotenoid Overaccumulation in Arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB Carotenoids are crucial for plant growth and human health. The finding of ORANGE (OR) protein as a pivotal regulator of carotenogenesis offers a unique opportunity to comprehensively understand the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation and develop crops with enhanced nutritional quality. Here, we demonstrated that alteration of a single amino acid in a wild-type OR greatly enhanced its ability to promote carotenoid accumulation. Whereas overexpression of OR from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; AtOR) or from the agronomically important crop sorghum (Sorghum bicolor; SbOR) increased carotenoid levels up to 2-fold, expression of AtORHis (R90H) or SbORHis (R104H) variants dramatically enhanced carotenoid accumulation by up to 7-fold in the Arabidopsis calli. Moreover, we found that AtORAla (R90A) functioned similarly to AtORHis to promote carotenoid overproduction. Neither AtOR nor AtORHis greatly affected carotenogenic gene expression. AtORHis exhibited similar interactions with phytoene synthase (PSY) as AtOR in posttranscriptionally regulating PSY protein abundance. AtORHis triggered biogenesis of membranous chromoplasts in the Arabidopsis calli, which shared structures similar to chromoplasts found in the curd of the orange cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) mutant. By contrast, AtOR did not cause plastid-type changes in comparison with the controls, but produced plastids containing larger and electron-dense plastoglobuli. The unique ability of AtORHis in mediating chromoplast biogenesis is responsible for its induced carotenoid overproduction. Our study demonstrates ORHis/Ala as powerful tools for carotenoid enrichment in plants, and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying ORHis-regulated carotenoid accumulation. RI Yuan, Hui/H-6723-2016 SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 169 IS 1 BP 421 EP + DI 10.1104/pp.15.00971 UT WOS:000360930600034 PM 26224804 ER PT J AU Xia, R Ye, SQ Liu, ZR Meyers, BC Liu, ZC AF Xia, Rui Ye, Songqing Liu, Zongrang Meyers, Blake C. Liu, Zhongchi TI Novel and Recently Evolved MicroRNA Clusters Regulate Expansive F-BOX Gene Networks through Phased Small Interfering RNAs in Wild Diploid Strawberry SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB The wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) has recently emerged as an excellent model for cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) as well as other Rosaceae fruit crops due to its short seed-to-fruit cycle, diploidy, and sequenced genome. Deep sequencing and parallel analysis of RNA ends were used to identify F. vesca microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes, respectively. Thirty-eight novel and 31 known miRNAs were identified. Many known miRNAs targeted not only conserved mRNA targets but also developed new target genes in F. vesca. Significantly, two new clusters of miRNAs were found to collectively target 94 F-BOX (FBX) genes. One of the miRNAs in the new cluster is 22 nucleotides and triggers phased small interfering RNA production from six FBX genes, which amplifies the silencing to additional FBX genes. Comparative genomics revealed that the main novel miRNA cluster evolved from duplications of FBX genes. Finally, conserved trans-acting siRNA pathways were characterized and confirmed with distinct features. Our work identified novel miRNA-FBX networks in F. vesca and shed light on the evolution of miRNAs/phased small interfering RNA networks that regulate large gene families in higher plants. RI Meyers, Blake/B-6535-2012; OI Meyers, Blake/0000-0003-3436-6097; Liu, Zhongchi/0000-0001-9969-9381; Xia, Rui/0000-0003-2409-1181 SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 169 IS 1 BP 594 EP + DI 10.1104/pp.15.00253 UT WOS:000360930600046 PM 26143249 ER PT J AU Rabin, BM Carrihill-Knoll, KL Shukitt-Hale, B AF Rabin, Bernard M. Carrihill-Knoll, Kirsty L. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara TI Comparison of the Effectiveness of Exposure to Low-LET Helium Particles (He-4) and Gamma Rays (Cs-137) on the Disruption of Cognitive Performance SO RADIATION RESEARCH AB In this study, the effects of radiation exposure on cognitive performance were evaluated. Rats were exposed to either helium (He-4) particles (1,000 MeV/n; 0.1-10 cGy; head only) or cesium Cs-137 gamma rays (50-400 cGy; whole body), after which their cognitive performance was evaluated. The results indicated that exposure to doses of 4He particles as low as 0.1 cGy disrupted performance in a variety of cognitive tasks, including plus-maze performance (baseline anxiety), novel location recognition (spatial performance) and operant responding on an ascending fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule (motivation and responsiveness to changes in environmental contingencies) but not on novel object recognition performance (learning and memory). In contrast, after exposure to 137Cs gamma rays only plus-maze performance was affected. There were no significant effects on any other task. Because exposure to both types of radiation produce oxidative stress, these results indicate that radiation-produced oxidative stress may be a necessary condition for the radiation-induced disruption of cognitive performance, but it is not a sufficient condition. (C) 2015 by Radiation Research Society SN 0033-7587 EI 1938-5404 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 184 IS 3 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1667/RR14001.1 UT WOS:000361238600004 PM 26284421 ER PT J AU Shen, RL Thymann, T Ostergaard, MV Stoy, ACF Krych, L Nielsen, DS Lauridsen, C Hartmann, B Holst, JJ Burrin, DG Sangild, PT AF Shen, Rene L. Thymann, Thomas Ostergaard, Mette V. Stoy, Ann Cathrine F. Krych, Lukasz Nielsen, Dennis S. Lauridsen, Charlotte Hartmann, Bolette Holst, Jens J. Burrin, Douglas G. Sangild, Per T. TI Early gradual feeding with bovine colostrum improves gut function and NEC resistance relative to infant formula in preterm pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY AB It is unclear when and how to start enteral feeding for preterm infants when mother's milk is not available. We hypothesized that early and slow advancement with either formula or bovine colostrum stimulates gut maturation and prevents necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm pigs, used as models for preterm infants. Pigs were given either total parenteral nutrition (TPN, n = 14) or slowly advancing volumes (16-64 ml.kg(-1).day(-1)) of preterm infant formula (IF, n = 15) or bovine colostrum (BC, n = 13), both given as adjunct to parenteral nutrition. On day 5, both enteral diets increased intestinal mass (27 +/- 1 vs. 22 +/- 1 g/kg) and glucagon-like peptide 2 release, relative to TPN (P < 0.05). The incidence of mild NEC lesions was higher in IF than BC and TPN pigs (60 vs. 0 and 15%, respectively, P < 0.05). Only the IF pigs showed reduced gastric emptying and gastric inhibitory polypeptide release, and increased tissue proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1 beta and IL-8, P < 0.05) and expression of immune-related genes (AOAH, LBP, CXCL10, TLR2), relative to TPN. The IF pigs also showed reduced intestinal villus-to-crypt ratio, lactose digestion, and some plasma amino acids (Arg, Cit, Gln, Tyr, Val), and higher intestinal permeability, compared with BC pigs (all P < 0.05). Colonic microbiota analyses showed limited differences among groups. Early feeding with formula induces intestinal dysfunction whereas bovine colostrum supports gut maturation when mother's milk is absent during the first week after preterm birth. A diet-dependent feeding guideline may be required for newborn preterm infants. RI Krych, Luaksz/F-4446-2015; OI Krych, Luaksz/0000-0003-3224-1346; Holst, Jens Juul/0000-0001-6853-3805 SN 0193-1857 EI 1522-1547 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 309 IS 5 BP G310 EP G323 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00163.2015 UT WOS:000360687000004 PM 26138468 ER PT J AU Hsu, PW Ai, M Kanda, E Yu, NC Chen, HL Chen, HW Cheng, MH Kohzuma, T Schaefer, EJ Yoshida, M AF Hsu, Powen Ai, Masumi Kanda, Eiichiro Yu, Neng-Chun Chen, Hsiao-Lien Chen, Huan-Wen Cheng, Ming-Hui Kohzuma, Takuji Schaefer, Ernst J. Yoshida, Masayuki TI A comparison of glycated albumin and glycosylated hemoglobin for the screening of diabetes mellitus in Taiwan SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Objective: Glycated albumin (GA) values reflect an average plasma glucose level over approximately 2-4 weeks, and the assay is stable and can be run on serum or plasma. The aim of this study was to determine the universality and the clinical utility of GA in screening for diabetes mellitus. Methods: Subjects consisted of 2192 male and female residents in Yi-lan County, Northern Taiwan (mean age 60.1 years), of whom 54.2% (n = 1188) had previously been diagnosed and treated for diabetes. Fasting blood samples were obtained to measure HbA1c, plasma glucose, serum GA, insulin, and measures of kidney and liver function. The reference values for these parameters were determined. Data from patients with diabetes and non-diabetic controls were also compared. Results: Mean GA values were 13.8% in controls and 18.1% in diabetic subjects (31.2% higher, p < 0.0001), while mean HbA1c values were 5.6% in controls and 7.2% in diabetic subjects (29.2% higher, p < 0.0001). The 95th percentile values for GA and HbA1c in controls were 16.1% and 6.2%, respectively. Our suggested GA and HbA1c cut-points for prediabetes at the 75th percentile of the normal population would be 14.6% and 5.8%, respectively. For both parameters, values greater than these cut-points provided a reasonable degree of specificity and sensitivity for risk of having diabetes, while a GA value of 16.5% corresponds to an HbA1c level of 6.5%, diagnostic of diabetes. Conclusion: These data indicate that GA values can be used as a surrogate parameter for HbA1c in screening for prediabetes and diabetes mellitus. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Cheng, Ming-Hui/0000-0002-4221-6809 SN 0021-9150 EI 1879-1484 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 242 IS 1 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.037 UT WOS:000360100900051 PM 26247684 ER PT J AU Packialakshmi, B Rath, NC Huff, WE Huff, GR AF Packialakshmi, B. Rath, N. C. Huff, W. E. Huff, G. R. TI Poultry Femoral Head Separation and Necrosis: A Review SO AVIAN DISEASES AB Femoral head separation (FHS) is a degenerative skeletal problem in fast-growing poultry wherein the growth plate of the proximal femur separates from its articular cartilage. At its early phase, FHS may remain asymptomatic but lead to epiphyseal breakage, infection, and femoral head necrosis (FHN). Healthy femoral head is viewed as a positive trait for genetic selection. However, the etiology of FHS is poorly understood for use in noninvasive diagnosis and genetic selection. Focal cell death and atrophic changes are likely associated with separation of tissues and necrotic changes. Fibrotic thickening of the articular surface can also impair free movement of the proximal epiphysis in the acetabulum, leading to FHS, under strain. The major limitation to understanding the pathophysiology of FHN is the lack of suitable experimental models and biomarkers to diagnose the problem. In this review, we discuss the possible etiologic factors, anatomic features of the chicken femoral head, biomarkers, and molecular mechanisms relevant to FHN. SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 59 IS 3 BP 349 EP 354 UT WOS:000360562400001 PM 26478152 ER PT J AU Malladi, S Weaver, JT Alexander, CY Middleton, JL Goldsmith, TJ Snider, T Tilley, BJ Gonder, E Hermes, DR Halvorson, DA AF Malladi, Sasidhar Weaver, J. Todd Alexander, Catherine Y. Middleton, Jamie L. Goldsmith, Timothy J. Snider, Timothy Tilley, Becky J. Gonder, Eric Hermes, David R. Halvorson, David A. TI Quantitative Estimation of the Number of Contaminated Hatching Eggs Released from an Infected, Undetected Turkey Breeder Hen Flock During a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak SO AVIAN DISEASES AB The regulatory response to an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the United States may involve quarantine and stop movement orders that have the potential to disrupt continuity of operations in the U.S. turkey industry-particularly in the event that an uninfected breeder flock is located within an HPAI Control Area. A group of government-academic-industry leaders developed an approach to minimize the unintended consequences associated with outbreak response, which incorporates HPAI control measures to be implemented prior to moving hatching eggs off of the farm. Quantitative simulation models were used to evaluate the movement of potentially contaminated hatching eggs from a breeder henhouse located in an HPAI Control Area, given that active surveillance testing, elevated biosecurity, and a 2-day on-farm holding period were employed. The risk analysis included scenarios of HPAI viruses differing in characteristics as well as scenarios in which infection resulted from artificial insemination. The mean model-predicted number of internally contaminated hatching eggs released per movement from an HPAI-infected turkey breeder henhouse ranged from 0 to 0.008 under the four scenarios evaluated. The results indicate a 95% chance of no internally contaminated eggs being present per movement from an infected house before detection. Sensitivity analysis indicates that these results are robust to variation in key transmission model parameters within the range of their estimates from available literature. Infectious birds at the time of egg collection are a potential pathway of external contamination for eggs stored and then moved off of the farm; the predicted number of such infectious birds was estimated to be low. To date, there has been no evidence of vertical transmission of HPAI virus or low pathogenic avian influenza virus to day-old poults from hatching eggs originating from infected breeders. The application of risk analysis methods was beneficial for evaluating outbreak measures developed through emergency response planning initiatives that consider the managed movement of hatching eggs from monitored premises in an HPAI Control Area. SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 59 IS 3 BP 355 EP 367 UT WOS:000360562400002 PM 26478153 ER PT J AU Pan, ZL Li, X Khir, R El-Mashad, HM Atungulu, GG McHugh, TH Delwiche, M AF Pan, Zhongli Li, Xuan Khir, Ragab El-Mashad, Hamed M. Atungulu, Griffiths G. McHugh, Tara H. Delwiche, Michael TI A pilot scale electrical infrared dry-peeling system for tomatoes: Design and performance evaluation SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING AB A pilot scale infrared dry-peeling system for tomatoes was designed and constructed. The system consisted of three major sections including the IR heating, vacuum, and pinch roller sections. The peeling performance of the system was examined under different operational conditions using tomatoes with different cultivars and sizes. Three lines of tomatoes were heated and processed at the same time at a residence time of 125 s and achieved a percentage of fully peeled tomatoes of 85%, a peeling yield of 82%, and an average thickness of peeled tomato skin of 0.75 mm. When tomatoes were loaded as a single line, the required heating time was reduced to a range from 80 to 100 s, depending of tomato size, for achieving the same level of peeling percentage and yield. The presence of the vacuum section could achieve cracks in 100% of the tomatoes after IR heating. The peeled products from IR heating had high firmness and appealing surface integrity, which indicated desirable quality characteristics. Because the dry-peeling is a chemical- and water-free process, residuals of tomato skins after IR peeling could be easily utilised as value-added by-products. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. RI Li, Xuan/J-5786-2015 SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 137 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.06.003 UT WOS:000360773800001 ER PT J AU Oliveira, CA Riet-Correa, G Lima, E Leite, DM Pfister, JA Cook, D Riet-Correa, F AF Oliveira Junior, Carlos Alberto Riet-Correa, Gabriela Lima, Everton Leite, Danilo Maia Pfister, James A. Cook, Daniel Riet-Correa, Franklin TI Feeding preferences of experienced and naive goats and sheep for the toxic plant Ipomoea carnea subsp fistulosa SO CIENCIA RURAL AB Ipomoea carnea is a toxic plant that grazing goats and cattle may learn to ingest with repeated exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feeding preferences of experienced and non-experienced (naive) goats and sheep for I. carnea. The study used 3 groups of 5 goats (Group 1, experienced that were previously poisoned by the plant; group 2, naive; Group 3, experienced eaters, composed of animals adapted to eat the fresh plant) and 2 groups of sheep (group 4, experienced that were previously poisoned by the plant; and group 5, naive). For the test, the animals were placed daily for 10 minutes and 4 days in a rectangular stall (5x7m) with 4 feeders, each with 200g of a different food (Ipomoea carnea, commercial concentrate food, recently harvested green grass (mainly Brachiaria spp.), and Cynodon dactylon hay. The intake of concentrate food was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the consumption of green grass, hay and I. carnea. In a second 4 day trial, in which the commercial concentrate food was replaced by freshly harvested Amorimia septentrionalis, the ingestion of green grass (Brachiaria spp.) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the consumption of other foods. In both trials there was no significant difference in food consumption between eaters and naive animals. The results suggest that experienced or naive sheep and goats do not prefer I. carnea when it is offered with other foods or forages, suggesting that animals will avoid the plant and not become poisoned if other food options are available. SN 0103-8478 EI 1678-4596 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1634 EP 1640 DI 10.1590/0103-8478cr20141668 UT WOS:000360502500017 ER PT J AU Zhu, C Zeng, Q McMichael, A Ebi, KL Ni, K Khan, AS Zhu, J Liu, G Zhang, X Cheng, L Ziska, LH AF Zhu, C. Zeng, Q. McMichael, A. Ebi, K. L. Ni, K. Khan, A. S. Zhu, J. Liu, G. Zhang, X. Cheng, Lei Ziska, L. H. TI Historical and experimental evidence for enhanced concentration of artemesinin, a global anti-malarial treatment, with recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide SO CLIMATIC CHANGE AB Although the role of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] on plant growth and fecundity is widely acknowledged as important within the scientific community; less research is available regarding the impact of [CO2] on secondary plant compounds, even though such compounds can play a significant role in human health. At present, Artemisia annua, an annual plant species native to China, is widely recognized as the primary source of artemesinin used in artemesinin combination therapies or ACTs. ACTs, in turn, are used globally for the treatment of simple Plasmodium falciparum malaria, the predominant form of malaria in Africa. In this study, artemesinin concentration was quantified for multiple A. annua populations in China using a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system as a function of [CO2]-induced changes both in situ and as a function of the foliar ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N). The high correlation between artemesinin concentration and C:N allowed an historical examination of A. annua leaves collected at 236 locations throughout China from 1905 through 2009. Both the historical and experimental data indicate that increases in artemesinin foliar concentration are likely to continue in parallel with the ongoing increase in atmospheric [CO2]. The basis for the [CO2]-induced increase in artemesinin is unclear, but could be related to the carbon: nutrient hypothesis of Bryant et al. (1983). Overall, these data provide the first evidence that historic and projected increases in atmospheric [CO2] may be associated with global changes in artemesinin chemistry, potentially allowing a greater quantity of drug available for the same area of cultivation. SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 132 IS 2 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1421-3 UT WOS:000360541800010 ER PT J AU Parks, SA Holsinger, LM Miller, C Nelson, CR AF Parks, Sean A. Holsinger, Lisa M. Miller, Carol Nelson, Cara R. TI Wildland fire as a self-regulating mechanism: the role of previous burns and weather in limiting fire progression SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB Theory suggests that natural fire regimes can result in landscapes that are both self-regulating and resilient to fire. For example, because fires consume fuel, they may create barriers to the spread of future fires, thereby regulating fire size. Top-down controls such as weather, however, can weaken this effect. While empirical examples demonstrating this pattern-process feedback between vegetation and fire exist, they have been geographically limited or did not consider the influence of time between fires and weather. The availability of remotely sensed data identifying fire activity over the last four decades provides an opportunity to explicitly quantify the ability of wildland fire to limit the progression of subsequent fire. Furthermore, advances in fire progression mapping now allow an evaluation of how daily weather as a top-down control modifies this effect. In this study, we evaluated the ability of wildland fire to create barriers that limit the spread of subsequent fire along a gradient representing time between fires in four large study areas in the western United States. Using fire progression maps in conjunction with weather station data, we also evaluated the influence of daily weather. Results indicate that wildland fire does limit subsequent fire spread in all four study areas, but this effect decays over time; wildland fire no longer limits subsequent fire spread 6-18 years after fire, depending on the study area. We also found that the ability of fire to regulate subsequent fire progression was substantially reduced under extreme conditions compared to moderate weather conditions in all four study areas. This study increases understanding of the spatial feedbacks that can lead to self-regulating landscapes as well as the effects of top-down controls, such as weather, on these feedbacks. Our results will be useful to managers who seek to restore natural fire regimes or to exploit recent burns when managing fire. SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1478 EP 1492 DI 10.1890/14-1430.1 UT WOS:000360813100004 PM 26552258 ER PT J AU Bamji, SF Page, RB Patel, D Sanders, A Alvarez, AR Gambrell, C Naik, K Raghavan, AM Burow, ME Boue, SM Klinge, CM Ivanova, M Corbitt, C AF Bamji, Sanaya F. Page, Robert B. Patel, Dharti Sanders, Alexia Alvarez, Alejandro R. Gambrell, Caitlin Naik, Kuntesh Raghavan, Ashwin M. Burow, Matthew E. Boue, Stephen M. Klinge, Carolyn M. Ivanova, Margarita Corbitt, Cynthia TI Soy glyceollins regulate transcript abundance in the female mouse brain SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS AB Glyceollins (Glys), produced by soy plants in response to stress, have anti-estrogenic activity in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. In addition to known anti-estrogenic effects, Gly exhibits mechanisms of action not involving estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. To date, effects of Gly on gene expression in the brain are unknown. For this study, we implanted 17-beta estradiol (E2) or placebo slow-release pellets into ovariectomized CFW mice followed by 11 days of exposure to Gly or vehicle i.p. injections. We then performed a microarray on total RNA extracted from whole-brain hemispheres and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by a 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA with an false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.20. In total, we identified 33 DEGs with a significant E2 main effect, 5 DEGs with a significant Gly main effect, 74 DEGs with significant Gly and E2 main effects (but no significant interaction term), and 167 DEGs with significant interaction terms. Clustering across all DEGs revealed that transcript abundances were similar between the E2 + Gly and E2-only treatments. However, gene expression after Gly-only treatment was distinct from both of these treatments and was generally characterized by higher transcript abundance. Collectively, our results suggest that whether Gly acts in the brain through ER-dependent or ER-independent mechanisms depends on the target gene. SN 1438-793X EI 1438-7948 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 549 EP 561 DI 10.1007/s10142-015-0442-3 UT WOS:000360844800005 PM 25953511 ER PT J AU Kelly, AC Clear, RM O'Donnell, K McCormick, S Turkington, TK Tekauz, A Gilbert, J Kistler, HC Busman, M Ward, TJ AF Kelly, Amy C. Clear, Randall M. O'Donnell, Kerry McCormick, Susan Turkington, T. Kelly Tekauz, Andy Gilbert, Jeannie Kistler, H. Corby Busman, Mark Ward, Todd J. TI Diversity of Fusarium head blight populations and trichothecene toxin types reveals regional differences in pathogen composition and temporal dynamics SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY AB Analyses of genetic diversity, trichothecene genotype composition, and population structure were conducted using 4086 Fusarium graminearum isolates collected from wheat in eight Canadian provinces over a three year period between 2005 and 2007. The results revealed substantial regional differences in Fusarium head blight pathogen composition and temporal population dynamics. The 3ADON trichothecene type consistently predominated in Maritime provinces (91%) over the sampled years, and increased significantly (P < 0.05) between 2005 and 2007 in western Canada, accounting for 66% of the isolates in Manitoba by the end of the sampling period. In contrast, 3ADON frequency was lower (22%, P < 0.001) in the eastern Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec and did not change significantly between 2005 and 2007, resulting in two distinct longitudinal dines in 3ADON frequency across Canada. Overall, genetic structure was correlated with toxin type, as the endemic population (NA1) was dominated by 15ADON isolates (86%), whereas a second population (NA2) consisted largely of 3ADON isolates (88%). However, the percentage of isolates with trichothecene genotypes that were not predictive of their genetic population assignment (recombinant genotypes) increased from 10% in 2005 to 17% in 2007, indicating that trichothecene type became an increasingly unreliable marker of population identity over time. In addition, there were substantial regional differences in the composition of recombinant genotypes. In western and maritime provinces, NA2 isolates with 15ADON genotypes were significantly more common than NA1 isolates with 3ADON genotypes (P < 0.001), and the reverse was true in the eastern provinces of Quebec and Ontario. Temporal trends in recombinant genotype composition also varied regionally, as the percentage of 15ADON isolates with NA2 genetic backgrounds increased approximately three fold in western and Maritime provinces, while the opposite trends were observed in Quebec and Ontario. The results indicate that F. graminearum population dynamics in Canada have been influenced by a complex adaptive landscape comprising different regional selective pressures, and do not reflect a simple model of dispersal and integration following the introduction of a novel pathogen population. In addition, we identified F. graminearum strains that produce the recently discovered A-trichothecene mycotoxin (NX-2) for the first time in Canada, representing a significant expansion of the known range of NX-2 producing strains in North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 82 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.05.016 UT WOS:000360779600003 PM 26127017 ER PT J AU Donzelli, BGG Gibson, DM Krasnoff, SB AF Donzelli, Bruno Giuliano Garisto Gibson, Donna M. Krasnoff, Stuart B. TI Intracellular siderophore but not extracellular siderophore is required for full virulence in Metarhizium robertsii SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY AB Efficient iron acquisition mechanisms are fundamental for microbial survival in the environment and for pathogen virulence within their hosts. M. robertsii produces two known iron-binding natural products: metachelins, which are used to scavenge extracellular iron, and ferricrocin, which is strictly intracellular. To study the contribution of siderophore-mediated iron uptake and storage to M. robertsii fitness, we generated null mutants for each siderophore synthase gene (mrsidD and mrsidC, respectively), as well as for the iron uptake transcriptional repressor mrsreA. All of these mutants showed impaired germination speed, differential sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, and differential ability to overcome iron chelation on growth-limiting iron concentrations. RT-qPCR data supported regulation of mrsreA, mrsidC, and mrsidD by supplied iron in vitro and during growth within the insect host, Spodoptera exigua. We also observed strong upregulation of the insect iron-binding proteins, transferrins, during infection. Insect bioassays revealed that ferricrocin is required for full virulence against S. exigua; neither the loss of metachelin production nor the deletion of the transcription factor mrsreA significantly affected M. robertsii virulence. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 82 BP 56 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.06.008 UT WOS:000360779600007 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Sink, S Libeskind-Hadas, R Hulcr, J Kasson, MT Ploetz, RC Konkol, JL Ploetz, JN Carrillo, D Campbell, A Duncan, RE Liyanage, PNH Eskalen, A Na, F Geiser, DM Bateman, C Freeman, S Mendel, Z Sharon, M Aoki, T Cosse, AA Rooney, AP AF O'Donnell, Kerry Sink, Stacy Libeskind-Hadas, Ran Hulcr, Jiri Kasson, Matthew T. Ploetz, Randy C. Konkol, Joshua L. Ploetz, Jill N. Carrillo, Daniel Campbell, Alina Duncan, Rita E. Liyanage, Pradeepa N. H. Eskalen, Akif Na, Francis Geiser, David M. Bateman, Craig Freeman, Stanley Mendel, Zvi Sharon, Michal Aoki, Takayuki Cosse, Allard A. Rooney, Alejandro P. TI Discordant phylogenies suggest repeated host shifts in the Fusarium-Euwallacea ambrosia beetle mutualism SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY AB The mutualism between xyleborine beetles in the genus Euwallacea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and members of the Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC) represents one of 11 known evolutionary origins of fungiculture by ambrosia beetles. Female Euwallacea beetles transport fusarial symbionts in paired mandibular mycangia from their natal gallery to woody hosts where they are cultivated in galleries as a source of food. Native to Asia, several exotic Euwallacea species were introduced into the United States and Israel within the past two decades and they now threaten urban landscapes, forests and avocado production. To assess species limits and to date the evolutionary diversification of the mutualists, we reconstructed the evolutionary histories of key representatives of the Fusarium and Euwallacea clades using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Twelve species-level lineages, termed AF 112, were identified within the monophyletic AFC and seven among the Fusarium-farming Euwallacea. Bayesian diversification-time estimates placed the origin of the Euwallacea-Fusarium mutualism near the Oligocene-Miocene boundary similar to 19-24 Mya. Most Euwallacea spp. appear to be associated with one species of Fusarium, but two species farmed two closely related fusaria. Euwallacea sp. #2 in Miami-Dade County, Florida cultivated Fusarium spp. AF-6 and AF-8 on avocado, and Euwallacea sp. #4 farmed Fusarium ambrosium AF-1 and Fusarium sp. AF-11 on Chinese tea in Sri Lanka. Cophylogenetic analyses indicated that the Euwallacea and Fusarium phylogenies were largely incongruent, apparently due to the beetles switching fusarial symbionts (i.e., host shifts) at least five times during the evolution of this mutualism. Three cospeciation events between Euwallacea and their AFC symbionts were detected, but randomization tests failed to reject the null hypothesis that the putative parallel cladogenesis is a stochastic pattern. Lastly, two collections of Euwallacea sp. #2 from Miami-Dade County, Florida shared an identical cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) allele with Euwallacea validus, suggesting introgressive hybridization between these species and/or pseudogenous nature of this marker. Results of the present study highlight the importance of understanding the potential for and frequency of host-switching between Euwallacea and members of the AFC, and that these shifts may bring together more aggressive and virulent combinations of these invasive mutualists. Published by Elsevier Inc. OI Sharon, Michal/0000-0003-3933-0595 SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 82 BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.10.014 UT WOS:000360779600027 PM 25445310 ER PT J AU Kindiger, B AF Kindiger, Bryan TI Frequency of androgenesis in Poa arachniferaxP.ligularis and P.poiformis hybridizations SO GRASSLAND SCIENCE AB The rapid generation of haploids in most species remains a relatively infrequent event, but is considered an important tool for the development of homozygous lines and an approach for cytoplasmic transfer across related species. Poa arachnifera Texas bluegrass' is known to occasionally produce androgenic haploid recoveries following hybridization with Poa secunda. However, little information regarding the frequency of such behavior following hybridization with other Poa species is available. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of androgenic haploids following interspecific hybridization of P.arachniferaxPoaligularis and P.arachniferaxPoapoiformis. The P.arachniferaxP.ligularis hybridizations exhibited a frequency of androgenic dihaploids (ADH) at 1.00%; where the P.arachniferaxP.poiformis hybridizations indicated a frequency of 0.69%. Results from this study suggest ADH generation is an infrequent but consistent behavior likely found in sexual P.arachnifera. SN 1744-6961 EI 1744-697X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 61 IS 3 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1111/grs.12090 UT WOS:000360717700006 ER PT J AU Appel, LJ Lichtenstein, AH Callahan, EA Sinaiko, A Van Horn, L Whitsel, L AF Appel, Lawrence J. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Callahan, Emily A. Sinaiko, Alan Van Horn, Linda Whitsel, Laurie TI Reducing Sodium Intake in Children: A Public Health Investment SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION AB The antecedents of elevated blood pressure (BP) and its major consequences (cardiovascular disease and stroke) begin in childhood. Higher levels of BP early in life track into adulthood and are associated with subclinical target organ damage in children and adults. Diet behaviors, including the choice of high sodium containing foods, are established during childhood. On average, children, ages 2-19, consume more than 3,100 mg of sodium per day, with substantially greater sodium intakes in boys than girls. Importantly, studies show that lowering sodium intake in children lowers blood pressure. In view of this evidence, US Dietary Guidelines recommend a reduced sodium intake in children. Current federal nutrition standards include a step-wise reduction in the sodium levels of school meals. The ultimate goal is to help children achieve daily sodium intakes that do not exceed upper levels recommended by the Institute of Medicine and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. In summary, available data are sufficiently strong to recommend a lower sodium intake beginning in early in life as an effective and well-tolerated approach to reducing BP in children. Current efforts to weaken nutrition standards for school meals undermine an effective strategy aimed at improving the health of our children and our nation. SN 1524-6175 EI 1751-7176 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 17 IS 9 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1111/jch.12615 UT WOS:000360767100001 PM 26346989 ER PT J AU Cao, HP AF Cao, Heping TI Genome-Wide Analysis of Oleosin Gene Family in 22 Tree Species: An Accelerator for Metabolic Engineering of BioFuel Crops and Agrigenomics Industrial Applications? SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY AB Trees contribute to enormous plant oil reserves because many trees contain 50%-80% of oil (triacylglycerols, TAGs) in the fruits and kernels. TAGs accumulate in subcellular structures called oil bodies/droplets, in which TAGs are covered by low-molecular-mass hydrophobic proteins called oleosins (OLEs). The OLEs/TAGs ratio determines the size and shape of intracellular oil bodies. There is a lack of comprehensive sequence analysis and structural information of OLEs among diverse trees. The objectives of this study were to identify OLEs from 22 tree species (e.g., tung tree, tea-oil tree, castor bean), perform genome-wide analysis of OLEs, classify OLEs, identify conserved sequence motifs and amino acid residues, and predict secondary and three-dimensional structures in tree OLEs and OLE subfamilies. Data mining identified 65 OLEs with perfect conservation of the "proline knot" motif (PX5SPX3P) from 19 trees. These OLEs contained >40% hydrophobic amino acid residues. They displayed similar properties and amino acid composition. Genome-wide phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment demonstrated that these proteins could be classified into five OLE subfamilies. There were distinct patterns of sequence conservation among the OLE subfamilies and within individual tree species. Computational modeling indicated that OLEs were composed of at least three alpha-helixes connected with short coils without any beta-strand and that they exhibited distinct 3D structures and ligand binding sites. These analyses provide fundamental information in the similarity and specificity of diverse OLE isoforms within the same subfamily and among the different species, which should facilitate studying the structure-function relationship and identify critical amino acid residues in OLEs for metabolic engineering of tree TAGs. SN 1536-2310 EI 1557-8100 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 19 IS 9 BP 521 EP 541 DI 10.1089/omi.2015.0073 UT WOS:000360828000003 PM 26258573 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, Jae B. TI Becatamide Found in Houttuynia cordata Suppresses P-selectin Expression Via Inhibiting COX Enzyme, Not Increasing cAMP in Platelets SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH AB Atherosclerosis is a well-known inflammatory cardiovascular disease. Recent studies suggested potential anti-atherosclerosis effects of becatamide found in Houttuynia cordata. Therefore, in this study, we investigated potential effect of becatamide (1) and its analogues (enferamide (2), veskamide (3), oretamide (4) and amkamide (5)) on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 and the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which are critically involved in platelet activation. Among them, becatamide was the most potent compound able to inhibit COX-1 (IC50=0.27 mu m) and -2 (IC50=0.78 mu m) (p<0.05). The decreasing order of COX-1 and -2 inhibition activity was becatamide>veskamide>enferamide>oretamide>amkamide. As a result of the inhibition, the production of thromboxane B2 and P-selectin expression were suppressed by 35% (p<0.05) and 28% (p<0.05), respectively, in mouse blood treated with becatamide (0.25 mu m). However, becatamide did not increase intracellular cAMP in platelets. Therefore, the suppression of P-selectin expression was not blocked by beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, suggesting that the COX inhibition is likely an underlying mechanism for the P-selectin suppression. In summary, becatamide may be a potent compound to inhibit platelet activation by inhibiting COX enzymes, not by increasing cAMP. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. SN 0951-418X EI 1099-1573 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1381 EP 1387 DI 10.1002/ptr.5391 UT WOS:000360843100014 ER PT J AU Widmer, TL Dodge, SC AF Widmer, Timothy L. Dodge, Stephen C. TI Bioassay Conditions for Infection of Pinus radiata Seedlings with Phytophthora pinifolia Zoospores SO PLANT DISEASE AB Phytophthora pinifolia is known to cause a devastating disease on Monterey pine in Chile. Although this pathogen is not yet present in the United States, there is reason for concern. The main source of Monterey pine genetic material is found in California and there is potential for other important tree species to be hosts. The study presented here was conducted to develop a method to produce zoospores and determine optimal conditions for infection to be used in future host range studies. Abundant zoospores were produced when agar plugs containing P. pinifolia mycelia were ground into suspension prior to transfer in a solution of carrot broth. These zoospores then were used to inoculate Monterey pine seedlings under various conditions. Infected plants displayed necrotic crowns and stems, often resulting in wilting of the seedling. Consistent infection occurred when seedlings were wounded by trimming needles prior to inoculation and exposure of inoculated seedlings to constant dew for 5 days. Dew chamber temperature (15, 20, or 25 degrees C) did not affect the infection rate. Information obtained from this study will be useful in screening other hosts for susceptibility to P. pinifolia infection. SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1204 EP 1209 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-14-1306-RE UT WOS:000360866600002 ER PT J AU Friskop, AJ Gulya, TJ Halley, SA Schatz, BG Schaefer, JP Jordahl, JG Meyer, SM Misek, KW Hendrickson, P Markell, SG AF Friskop, Andrew J. Gulya, Thomas J. Halley, Scott A. Schatz, Blaine G. Schaefer, Joel P. Jordahl, James G. Meyer, Scott M. Misek, Kevin W. Hendrickson, Paul Markell, Samuel G. TI Effect of Fungicide and Timing of Application on Management of Sunflower Rust SO PLANT DISEASE AB Sunflower rust is an important yield-limiting disease in sunflower production in the Great Plains of the United States. Rust severity and incidence have increased between 2002 and 2011, and genetic resistance is limited in most commercial hybrids, particularly the high-value confectionary market type. Although fungicides are available for rust management in the United States, management recommendations are insufficient. Specifically, efficacy and timing data are very limited for fungicides in FRAC groups 7 and 11. Seventeen fungicide efficacy and timing trials were conducted between 2008 and 2011 in North Dakota. Timings evaluated across the four years included single or multiple applications at growth stages (GS): GS V8-V12 (late vegetative), GS R1 (terminal bud formation), GS R3-4 (elongation of bud), GS R5 (flowering), and GS R6 (completion of flowering). With few exceptions, fungicide applications of DMIs and QoIs controlled disease greater than SDHE fungicides. Fungicide applications made at R5, either singly or in combination, consistently resulted in greater disease control. A negative correlation (r = 0.7756) between disease control and yield was observed, resulting in a yield reduction of 6.6% for every 1% increase in disease severity. SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1210 EP 1215 DI 10.1094/PDIS-10-14-1036-RE UT WOS:000360866600003 ER PT J AU Hay, FS Gent, DH Pilkington, SJ Pearce, TL Scott, JB Pethybridge, SJ AF Hay, Frank S. Gent, David H. Pilkington, Stacey J. Pearce, Tamieka L. Scott, Jason B. Pethybridge, Sarah J. TI Changes in Distribution and Frequency of Fungi Associated With a Foliar Disease Complex of Pyrethrum in Australia SO PLANT DISEASE AB In Australia, pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerarhfolium) is affected by a foliar disease complex that can substantially reduce green leaf area and yield. Historically, the most important foliar disease of pyrethrum in Australia has been ray blight, caused by Stagonosporopsis tanaceti, and other fungi generally of minor importance. Temporal fluctuations in the frequency of fungi associated with foliar disease were quantified in each of 83 fields in northern Tasmania, Australia, during 2012 and 2013. Sampling was conducted throughout winter (April to July), spring (August to September), and summer (November) representing different phenological stages. Microsphaeropsis tanaceti, the cause of tan spot, was the pathogen most prevalent and isolated at the highest frequency, irrespective of sampling period. The next most common species was S. tanaceti, whose isolation frequency was low in winter and increased in spring and summer. Known pathogens of pyrethrum, Alternaria tenuissima, Colletotrichum tanaceti, and Stemphylium botryosum were recovered sporadically and at low frequency. Two species of potential importance, Paraphoma chrysanthemicola and Itersonilia perplexans, were also found at low frequency. This finding suggests a substantial shift in the dominant pathogen associated with foliar disease, from S. tanaceti to M. tanaceti, and coincides with an increase in defoliation severity in winter, and control failures of the spring fungicide program. Factors associated with this finding were also investigated. Sensitivity of M. tanaceti. and S. tanaceti populations to the fungicides boscalid and cyprodinil collected prior to and following disease control failures in the field were tested under in vitro conditions. A high proportion (60%) of the M. tanaceti isolates obtained from fields in which no response to the spring fungicide program was found were insensitive to 50 mu g a.i/ml boscalid. This represented a 4.2-fold increase in the frequency of this phenotype within the M. tanaceti population over 2 years. No shifts in sensitivities to cyprodinil of M. tanaceti and S. tanaceti, or S. tanaceti to boscalid, were observed. Considering the increase in defoliation severity over winter, the benefits of applying fungicides in autumn, in addition to the commercial standard (spring only), were quantified in 14 individual field trials conducted in 2011 and 2012. Mixed-model analysis suggested fungicide application in autumn may improve pyrethrum growth during late winter and early spring, although effects on defoliation and yield were minimal. The increasing prevalence and isolation frequency of M. tanaceti and boscalid resistance within the population is of concern and highlights the urgent need for adoption of nonchemical methods for disease management in Australian pyrethrum fields. RI Scott, Jason/C-2395-2014; Scott, Jason/D-4553-2011 OI Scott, Jason/0000-0001-9443-4384; Scott, Jason/0000-0001-9443-4384 SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1227 EP 1235 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-14-1357-RE UT WOS:000360866600005 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Zablotowicz, RM Shier, WT Johnson, BJ Phillips, NA Weaver, MA Abel, CA Bruns, HA AF Abbas, Hamed K. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Shier, W. Thomas Johnson, Bobbie J. Phillips, Nicholas A. Weaver, Mark A. Abel, Craig A. Bruns, H. Arnold TI Aflatoxin and Fumonisin in Corn (Zea mays) Infected by Common Smut Ustilago maydis SO PLANT DISEASE AB Corn infected with Ustilago maydis (common smut) produces galls that are valued as a delicacy in some cultures. During a 4-year period, aflatoxin levels in asymptomatic kernels of smutted ears were, on average, 45-fold higher than in kernels harvested from smut-free control ears and 99-fold higher than in smut galls. Aflatoxin levels in smut galls were lower than in kernels of smut-free control corn in all years combined. Fumonisin levels in asymptomatic kernels harvested from smutted ears were 5.2-fold higher than in kernels from smut-free control ears and 4.0-fold higher than in smut galls. Fumonisin levels in smut galls were not significantly different than in kernels of smut-free control corn. These. studies indicate that, although corn smut was relatively free of the mycotoxins studied, the asymptomatic kernels of those ears contained mycotoxins at levels much higher than usually considered safe for direct human consumption. OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1236 EP 1240 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0234-RE UT WOS:000360866600006 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Hughes, ME AF Kolmer, J. A. Hughes, M. E. TI Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2013 SO PLANT DISEASE AB Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from wheat fields and breeding plots by USDA-ARS personnel and cooperators in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, and southeastern states in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2013. Single uredinial isolates (490 total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on 20 lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. In 2013,79 virulence phenotypes were described in the United States. Virulence phenotypes MBTNB, TNBGJ, and MCTNB were the three most common phenotypes. Phenotypes MBTNB and MCTNB are both virulent to Lr11, and MCTNB is virulent to Lr26. MBTNB and MCTNB were most common in the soft red winter wheat region of the southeastern states and Ohio Valley. Phenotype TNBGJ is virulent to Lr39/4I and was widely distributed throughout the hard red winter wheat region of the Great Plains. Isolates with virulence to Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 were common in the southeastern states and Ohio Valley region. Isolates with virulence to Lr21, Lr24, and Lr39/41 were frequent in the hard red wheat region of the southern and northern Great Plains. SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1261 EP 1267 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-14-1277-SR UT WOS:000360866600010 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Swisher, KD Honunes, M Willhauck, A Buck, H Meadow, R AF Munyaneza, J. E. Swisher, K. D. Hommes, M. Willhauck, A. Buck, H. Meadow, R. TI First Report of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' Associated With Psyllid-Infested Carrots in Germany. SO PLANT DISEASE SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1269 EP 1270 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-15-0206-PDN UT WOS:000360866600015 ER PT J AU Bruckart, WL Eskandari, FM AF Bruckart, W. L., III Eskandari, F. M. TI First Report of a Leaf Spot Caused by Sphaerulina tirolensis on Rubus phoenicolasius. SO PLANT DISEASE SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1275 EP 1276 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-14-0971-PDN UT WOS:000360866600030 ER PT J AU Keith, LM Hughes, RF Sugiyama, LS Heller, WP Bushe, BC Friday, JB AF Keith, L. M. Hughes, R. F. Sugiyama, L. S. Heller, W. P. Bushe, B. C. Friday, J. B. TI First Report of Ceratocystis Wilt on 'Ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha). SO PLANT DISEASE SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1276 EP 1277 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-14-1293-PDN UT WOS:000360866600033 ER PT J AU Rivera, Y Creswell, TC Ruhl, G Crouch, JA AF Rivera, Y. Creswell, T. C. Ruhl, G. Crouch, J. A. TI First Report of Downy Mildew Caused by Plasmopara halstedii on Native Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton var. speciosa (Wender.) Perdue in Indiana. SO PLANT DISEASE RI Creswell, Tom/A-6775-2015; OI Crouch, Jo Anne/0000-0001-6886-8090 SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1278 EP 1278 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-14-1190-PDN UT WOS:000360866600037 ER PT J AU Gebremariam, ES Karakaya, A Erginbas-Orakci, G Dababat, AA Sharma-Poudyal, D Paulitz, TC AF Gebremariam, E. Shikur Karakaya, A. Erginbas-Orakci, G. Dababat, A. A. Sharma-Poudyal, D. Paulitz, T. C. TI First Report of Fusarium reclaims Causing Crown Rot of Wheat (Triticum spp.) in Turkey SO PLANT DISEASE SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1280 EP 1280 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-15-0128-PDN UT WOS:000360866600042 ER PT J AU Reeser, PW Sutton, W Hansen, EM Goheen, EM Fieland, VJ Grunwald, NJ AF Reeser, P. W. Sutton, W. Hansen, E. M. Goheen, E. M. Fieland, V. J. Grunwald, N. J. TI First Report of Phytophthora occultans Causing Root and Collar Rot on Ceanothus, Boxwood, Rhododendron, and Other Hosts in Horticultural Nurseries in Oregon, USA SO PLANT DISEASE OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1282 EP 1283 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-15-0156-PDN UT WOS:000360866600049 ER PT J AU Stanturf, JA Goodrick, SL Warren, ML Charnley, S Stegall, CM AF Stanturf, John A. Goodrick, Scott L. Warren, Melvin L., Jr. Charnley, Susan Stegall, Christie M. TI Social Vulnerability and Ebola Virus Disease in Rural Liberia SO PLOS ONE AB The Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic that has stricken thousands of people in the three West African countries of Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea highlights the lack of adaptive capacity in post-conflict countries. The scarcity of health services in particular renders these populations vulnerable to multiple interacting stressors including food insecurity, climate change, and the cascading effects of disease epidemics such as EVD. However, the spatial distribution of vulnerable rural populations and the individual stressors contributing to their vulnerability are unknown. We developed a Social Vulnerability Classification using census indicators and mapped it at the district scale for Liberia. According to the Classification, we estimate that districts having the highest social vulnerability lie in the north and west of Liberia in Lofa, Bong, Grand Cape Mount, and Bomi Counties. Three of these counties together with the capital Monrovia and surrounding Montserrado and Margibi counties experienced the highest levels of EVD infections in Liberia. Vulnerability has multiple dimensions and a classification developed from multiple variables provides a more holistic view of vulnerability than single indicators such as food insecurity or scarcity of health care facilities. Few rural Liberians are food secure and many cannot reach a medical clinic in <80 minutes. Our results illustrate how census and household survey data, when displayed spatially at a sub-county level, may help highlight the location of the most vulnerable households and populations. Our results can be used to identify vulnerability hotspots where development strategies and allocation of resources to address the underlying causes of vulnerability in Liberia may be warranted. We demonstrate how social vulnerability index approaches can be applied in the context of disease outbreaks, and our methods are relevant elsewhere. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 9 AR e0137208 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0137208 UT WOS:000360437700103 PM 26325519 ER PT J AU Todd, JE AF Todd, Jessica E. TI Revisiting the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program cycle of food intake: Investigating heterogeneity, diet quality, and a large boost in benefit amounts SO APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY AB The monthly cycle of daily food intake among adult participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is examined using data from the 2007-10 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Exogenous variation in interview and benefit receipt dates provides means for identification, and a difference-in-differences specification is used to account for the large boost in benefits that began in April 2009 via the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). Caloric intake declined as much as 25% at the end of the month prior to ARRA, but not after implementation. Few differences were observed for diet quality measures or among subgroups. Increases in SNAP benefit amounts may help smooth food intake over the benefit month. SN 2040-5790 EI 2040-5804 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 37 IS 3 BP 437 EP 458 DI 10.1093/aepp/ppu039 UT WOS:000360202000005 ER PT J AU Weber, JG Wall, C Brown, J Hertz, T AF Weber, Jeremy G. Wall, Conor Brown, Jason Hertz, Tom TI Crop Prices, Agricultural Revenues, and the Rural Economy SO APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY AB Policy makers in the United States often justify agricultural subsidies by stressing that agriculture is the engine of the rural economy. We use the increase in crop prices in the late 2000s to estimate the marginal effect of increased agricultural revenues on local economies in the U.S. Heartland. We find that $1 more in crop revenue generated 64 is not an element of in personal income, with most going to farm proprietors and workers (59%) or nonfarmers who own farm assets (36%). The evidence suggests a weak link between revenues and nonfarm income or employment, or on population. Cuts to agricultural subsidies are therefore likely to have little effect on the broader rural economy in regions like the Heartland. SN 2040-5790 EI 2040-5804 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 37 IS 3 BP 459 EP 476 DI 10.1093/aepp/ppu040 UT WOS:000360202000006 ER PT J AU Liu, X Lu, YF Guan, XF Dong, BN Chavan, H Wang, J Zhang, YQ Krishnamurthy, P Li, F AF Liu, Xing Lu, Yuanfu Guan, Xinfu Dong, Bingning Chavan, Hemantkumar Wang, Jin Zhang, Yiqing Krishnamurthy, Partha Li, Feng TI Metabolomics reveals the formation of aldehydes and iminium in gefitinib metabolism SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY AB Gefitinib (GEF), an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, is widely used for the treatment of cancers, particularly non-small cell lung cancer. However, its clinical use is limited by multiple adverse effects associated with GEF, such as liver and lung injuries, severe nausea, and diarrhea. Although, the exact mechanism of GEF adverse effects are still unknown, xenobiotic-induced bioactivation is thought to play a significant role in GEF induced toxicity. Using a metabolomic approach, we investigated the metabolic pathways of GEF in human and mouse liver microsomes. Thirty four GEF metabolites and adducts were identified and half of them are novel. The potential reactive metabolites, two aldehydes and one iminium, were identified for the first time. The previously reported GSH adducts and primary amines were observed as well. The aldehyde and iminium pathways were further confirmed by using methoxylamine and potassium cyanide as trapping reagents. Using recombinant CYP450 isoforms, CYP3A4 inhibitor, and S9 from Cyp3a-null mice, we confirmed CYP3A is the major enzyme contributing to the formation of aldehydes, GSH adducts, and primary amines in liver. Multiple enzymes contribute to the formation of iminium. This study provided us more knowledge of GEF bioactivation and enzymes involved in metabolic pathways, which can be utilized for understanding the mechanism of adverse effects associated with GEF and predicting possible drug-drug interactions. Further studies are suggested to determine the roles of these bioactivation pathways in GEF toxicity. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. OI Li, Feng /0000-0002-9680-4614; Wang, Jin/0000-0003-3625-7919; Chavan, Hemantkumar/0000-0002-9963-6230 SN 0006-2952 EI 1873-2968 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 97 IS 1 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.010 UT WOS:000360422900010 PM 26212543 ER PT J AU Rand, TA Louda, SM Bradley, KM Crider, KK AF Rand, Tatyana A. Louda, Svata M. Bradley, Kate M. Crider, Kimberly K. TI Effects of invasive knapweed (Centaurea stoebe subsp micranthos) on a threatened native thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) vary with environment and life stage SO BOTANY AB We examined the type and magnitude of invasive plant (Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek) effects on the demographic parameters of a rare plant (Cirsium pitcheri Torr. & A. Gray), using two seed addition experiments with three treatments in two dune habitats - lakeshore linear dunes and high perched dunes on Lake Michigan, USA. Treatments were near Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos, near a native plant, or in the open. Seedling emergence, establishment, and juvenile survivorship were significantly higher on perched dunes, with higher surface soil moisture, than on lakeshore dunes. Treatment effects varied significantly with habitat and life stage. Seedling establishment decreased near Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos on lakeshore dunes, but increased near any neighbor on perched dunes. However, juvenile survival was significantly lower near Centaurea stoebe. subsp. micranthos in both habitats. The probability of reaching the adult flowering stage was much lower, and occurred later, for plants near Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos, especially on lakeshore dunes. Thus, Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos had a strong negative effect on establishment, survival, and flowering of Cirsium pitcheri, but interaction intensity varied with habitat and life stage. The results suggest that coupling seed addition with watering and invasive plant removal could bolster populations of this rare endemic plant. SN 1916-2790 EI 1916-2804 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 93 IS 9 BP 543 EP 558 DI 10.1139/cjb-2015-0032 UT WOS:000360565600002 ER PT J AU Jogiste, K Jonsson, BG Kuuluvainen, T Gauthier, S Moser, WK AF Jogiste, Kalev Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar Kuuluvainen, Timo Gauthier, Sylvie Moser, W. Keith TI Forest landscape mosaics: disturbance, restoration, and management at times of global change SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 45 IS 9 SI SI BP V EP VI DI 10.1139/cjfr-2015-0295 UT WOS:000360298700001 ER PT J AU Parro, K Metslaid, M Renel, G Sims, A Stanturf, JA Jogiste, K Koster, K AF Parro, Kristi Metslaid, Marek Renel, Getter Sims, Allan Stanturf, John A. Jogiste, Kalev Koester, Kajar TI Impact of postfire management on forest regeneration in a managed hemiboreal forest, Estonia SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH AB Fire is a significant agent for the development of boreal and hemiboreal forests, altering soil and light conditions, affecting seedbanks, and removing seed trees. Burned areas should be managed with care, as inappropriate techniques prolong the regeneration period and reduce the diversity and resilience of stands to disturbances. To study the effects of fire and postfire management on the successional changes in regeneration abundance, species composition and tree height sample plots were established in sandy pine forests in northwestern Estonia on areas burned 2 or 22 years ago. Five types of sample plots were established: (i) areas without fire damage, (ii) burned uncleared areas, (iii) burned forest areas cleared after forest fire, (iv) burned uncleared areas with live trees, and (v) burned uncleared areas with dead trees. Three main tree species common to hemiboreal forests were analyzed: Betula spp., Pinus sylvestris L., and Populus tremula L. Results showed that clearing burned areas after wildfire significantly reduced the abundance of regeneration compared with burned uncleared areas but favored height growth of P. sylvestris in later development. To regenerate and maintain mixed stands after wildfire, retaining some residual trees can facilitate regeneration compared with complete clearing, although a dense stand with live trees or a large amount of deadwood can hinder regeneration. RI Sims, Allan/A-5119-2009; Koster, Kajar/C-8397-2012 OI Sims, Allan/0000-0003-1312-6940; Koster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788 SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 45 IS 9 SI SI BP 1192 EP 1197 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0514 UT WOS:000360298700007 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Das, SK AF Roberts, Susan B. Das, Sai Krupa TI One Strike against Low-Carbohydrate Diets SO CELL METABOLISM AB There is intense controversy over whether low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets are more efficacious for weight management. Using precise methodology, Hall et al. (2015) demonstrated that a low-carbohydrate diet promoted greater fat oxidation than an isocaloric low-fat diet but, in contrast to popular speculation, did not cause greater body fat loss. SN 1550-4131 EI 1932-7420 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 357 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.07.022 UT WOS:000360453900005 PM 26278053 ER PT J AU Kettner, NM Mayo, SA Hua, J Lee, C Moore, DD Fu, LN AF Kettner, Nicole M. Mayo, Sara A. Hua, Jack Lee, Choogon Moore, David D. Fu, Loning TI Circadian Dysfunction Induces Leptin Resistance in Mice SO CELL METABOLISM AB Circadian disruption is associated with obesity, implicating the central clock in body weight control. Our comprehensive screen of wild-type and three circadian mutant mouse models, with or without chronic jet lag, shows that distinct genetic and physiologic interventions differentially disrupt overall energy homeostasis and Leptin signaling. We found that BMAL1/CLOCK generates circadian rhythm of C/EBP alpha-mediated leptin transcription in adipose. Per and Cry mutant mice show similar disruption of peripheral clock and deregulation of leptin in fat, but opposite body weight and composition phenotypes that correlate with their distinct patterns of POMC neuron deregulation in the arcuate nucleus. Chronic jet lag is sufficient to disrupt the endogenous adipose clock and also induce central Leptin resistance in wild-type mice. Thus, coupling of the central and peripheral clocks controls Leptin endocrine feedback homeostasis. We propose that Leptin resistance, a hallmark of obesity in humans, plays a key role in circadian dysfunction-induced obesity and metabolic syndromes. SN 1550-4131 EI 1932-7420 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 448 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.005 UT WOS:000360453900017 PM 26166747 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD AF Ulyshen, Michael D. TI Insect-mediated nitrogen dynamics in decomposing wood SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY AB 1. Wood decomposition is characterised by complex and poorly understood nitrogen (N) dynamics with unclear implications for forest nutrient cycling and productivity. Wood-dwelling microbes have developed unique strategies for coping with the N limitations imposed by their substrate, including the translocation of N into wood by cord-forming fungi and the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N-2) by bacteria and Archaea. 2. By accelerating the release of nutrients immobilised in fungal tissues and promoting N-2 fixation by free-living and endosymbiotic prokaryotes, saproxylic insects have the potential to influence N dynamics in forests. 3. Prokaryotes capable of fixing N-2 appear to be commonplace among wood-feeding insects, with published records from three orders (Blattodea, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera), 13 families, 33 genera and at least 60 species. These organisms appear to play a significant role in the N economies of their hosts and represent a widespread solution to surviving on a diet of wood. 4. While agricultural research has demonstrated the role that termites and other insects can play in enhancing crop yields, the importance of saproxylic insects to forest productivity remains unexplored. SN 0307-6946 EI 1365-2311 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 40 SU 1 BP 97 EP 112 DI 10.1111/een.12176 UT WOS:000360220600010 ER PT J AU Arcella, T Hood, GR Powell, THQ Sim, SB Yee, WL Schwarz, D Egan, SP Goughnour, RB Smith, JJ Feder, JL AF Arcella, Tracy Hood, Glen R. Powell, Thomas H. Q. Sim, Sheina B. Yee, Wee L. Schwarz, Dietmar Egan, Scott P. Goughnour, Robert B. Smith, James J. Feder, Jeffrey L. TI Hybridization and the spread of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), in the northwestern United States SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS AB Hybridization may be an important process interjecting variation into insect populations enabling host plant shifts and the origin of new economic pests. Here, we examine whether hybridization between the native snowberry-infesting fruit fly Rhagoletis zephyria (Snow) and the introduced quarantine pest R.pomonella (Walsh) is occurring and may aid the spread of the latter into more arid commercial apple-growing regions of central Washington state, USA. Results for 19 microsatellites implied hybridization occurring at a rate of 1.44% per generation between the species. However, there was no evidence for increased hybridization in central Washington. Allele frequencies for seven microsatellites in R.pomonella were more R.zephyria-like' in central Washington, suggesting that genes conferring resistance to desiccation may be adaptively introgressing from R.zephyria. However, in only one case was the putatively introgressing allele from R.zephyria not found in R.pomonella in the eastern USA. Thus, many of the alleles changing in frequency may have been prestanding in the introduced R.pomonella population. The dynamics of hybridization are therefore complex and nuanced for R.pomonella, with various causes and factors, including introgression for a portion, but not all of the genome, potentially contributing to the pest insect's spread. SN 1752-4571 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 834 EP 846 DI 10.1111/eva.12298 UT WOS:000360312400007 PM 26366200 ER PT J AU Zelikova, TJ Williams, DG Hoenigman, R Blumenthal, DM Morgan, JA Pendall, E AF Zelikova, Tamara J. Williams, David G. Hoenigman, Rhonda Blumenthal, Dana M. Morgan, Jack A. Pendall, Elise TI Seasonality of soil moisture mediates responses of ecosystem phenology to elevated CO2 and warming in a semi-arid grassland SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY AB Vegetation greenness, detected using digital photography, is useful for monitoring phenology of plant growth, carbon uptake and water loss at the ecosystem level. Assessing ecosystem phenology by greenness is especially useful in spatially extensive, water-limited ecosystems such as the grasslands of the western United States, where productivity is moisture dependent and may become increasingly vulnerable to future climate change. We used repeat photography and a novel means of quantifying greenness in digital photographs to assess how the individual and combined effects of warming and elevated CO2 impact ecosystem phenology (greenness and plant cover) in a semi-arid grassland over an 8-year period. Climate variability within and among years was the proximate driver of ecosystem phenology. Individual and combined effects of warming and elevated CO2 were significant at times, but mediated by variation in both intra- and interannual precipitation. Specifically, warming generally enhanced plant cover and greenness early in the growing season but often had a negative effect during the middle of the summer, offsetting the early season positive effects. The individual effects of elevated CO2 on plant cover and greenness were generally neutral. Opposing seasonal variations in the effects of warming and less so elevated CO2 cancelled each other out over an entire growing season, leading to no net effect of treatments on annual accumulation of greenness. The main effect of elevated CO2 dampened quickly, but warming continued to affect plant cover and plot greenness throughout the experiment. The combination of warming and elevated CO2 had a generally positive effect on greenness, especially early in the growing season and in later years of the experiment, enhanced annual greenness accumulation. However, interannual precipitation variation had larger effect on greenness, with two to three times greater greenness in wet years than in dry years. Synthesis. Seasonal variation in timing and amount of precipitation governs grassland phenology, greenness and the potential for carbon uptake. Our results indicate that concurrent changes in precipitation regimes mediate vegetation responses to warming and elevated atmospheric CO2 in semi-arid grasslands. Even small changes in vegetation phenology and greenness in response to warming and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, such as those we report here, can have large consequences for the future of grasslands. SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1119 EP 1130 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12440 UT WOS:000360216400003 ER PT J AU Stevens, JT Safford, HD Harrison, S Latimer, AM AF Stevens, Jens T. Safford, Hugh D. Harrison, Susan Latimer, Andrew M. TI Forest disturbance accelerates thermophilization of understory plant communities SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY AB Climate change is likely to shift plant communities towards species from warmer regions, a process termed thermophilization'. In forests, canopy disturbances such as fire may hasten this process by increasing temperature and moisture stress in the understory, yet little is known about the mechanisms that might drive such shifts, or the consequences of these processes for plant diversity. We sampled understory vegetation across a gradient of disturbance severity from a large-scale natural experiment created by the factorial combination of forest thinning and wildfire in California. Using information on evolutionary history and functional traits, we tested the hypothesis that disturbance severity should increase community dominance by species with southern-xeric biogeographic affinities. We also analysed how climatic productivity mediates the effect of disturbance severity, and quantified the functional trait response to disturbance, to investigate potential mechanisms behind thermophilization. The proportion of north-temperate flora decreased, while the proportion of southern-xeric flora increased, with greater disturbance severity and less canopy closure. Disturbance caused a greater reduction of north-temperate flora in productive (wetter) forests, while functional trait analyses suggested that species colonizing after severe disturbance may be adapted to increased water stress. Forests with intermediate disturbance severity, where abundances of northern and southern species were most equitable, had the highest stand-scale understory diversity.Synthesis. Canopy disturbance is likely to accelerate plant community shifts towards species from warmer regions, via its effects on understory microclimate at small scales. Understory diversity can be enhanced by intermediate disturbance regimes that promote the coexistence of species with different biogeographic affinities. OI Stevens, Jens/0000-0002-2234-1960 SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1263 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12426 UT WOS:000360216400016 ER PT J AU Teitelbaum, DH Guenter, P Griebel, D Abrams, SA Bark, S Baker, M Berry, KL Bistrian, BR Brenna, JT Bonnot, D Carpentier, YA Deckelbaum, RJ Hise, M Koletzko, B Mirtallo, JM Mulberg, AE O'Reilly, RC Shaffer, J von Kleist, E Zaloga, GP Ziegler, TR AF Teitelbaum, Daniel H. Guenter, Peggi Griebel, Donna Abrams, Steven A. Bark, Staffan Baker, Mary Berry, Karyn L. Bistrian, Bruce R. Brenna, J. Thomas Bonnot, Denis Carpentier, Yvon A. Deckelbaum, Richard J. Hise, Mary Koletzko, Berthold Mirtallo, Jay M. Mulberg, Andrew E. O'Reilly, Randall C. Shaffer, Jonathan von Kleist, Elke Zaloga, Gary P. Ziegler, Thomas R. TI Proceedings From FDA/ASPEN Public Workshop: Clinical Trial Design for Intravenous Fat Emulsion Products, October 29, 2013 SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION AB The development of intravenous fat emulsion (IVFE) is the culmination of physiological, biochemical, nutritional, and medical scientific advancements. IVFEs have the ability to deliver critical nutritional substrates to the patient. Recent literature purports that they may also play roles in modulation of immune functionality and pulmonary physiology, but data supporting these potential benefits are limited. While soybean-based IVFEs have comprised the dominant fat in U.S. markets, a number of other novel IVFEs may prove to optimize the care of children and adults in both hospitalized and home settings. The October 2013 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Public Workshop brought together scientists, researchers, and clinical experts to present updated clinical perspectives of IVFEs, including historical development, current state of usage throughout the world, and considerations for the regulatory approval of new IVFEs in the United States. OI Mirtallo, Jay/0000-0003-0736-6171; Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 SN 0148-6071 EI 1941-2444 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 39 IS 7 BP 768 EP 786 DI 10.1177/0148607114560825 UT WOS:000360413700007 PM 25475623 ER PT J AU Zamft, BM Conrado, RJ AF Zamft, Bradley M. Conrado, Robert J. TI Engineering plants to reflect light: strategies for engineering water-efficient plants to adapt to a changing climate SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL AB Population growth and globally increasing standards of living have put a significant strain on the energy-food-water nexus. Limited water availability particularly affects agriculture, as it accounts for over 70% of global freshwater withdrawals (Aquastat). This study outlines the fundamental nature of plant water consumption and suggests a >50% reduction in renewable freshwater demand is possible by engineering more reflective crops. Furthermore, the decreased radiative forcing resulting from the greater reflectivity of crops would be equivalent to removing 10-50ppm CO2 from the atmosphere. Recent advances in engineering optical devices and a greater understanding of the mechanisms of biological reflectance suggest such a strategy may now be viable. Here we outline the challenges involved in such an effort and suggest three potential approaches that could enable its implementation. While the local benefits may be straightforward, determining the global externalities will require careful modelling efforts and gradually scaled field trials. SN 1467-7644 EI 1467-7652 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 13 IS 7 BP 867 EP 874 DI 10.1111/pbi.12382 UT WOS:000360179400001 PM 25923193 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Jacob, R Branton, SL Evans, JD Leigh, SA Gerard, PD AF Peebles, E. David Jacob, Roymon Branton, Scott L. Evans, Jeffrey D. Leigh, Spencer A. Gerard, Patrick D. TI Effects of different vaccine combinations against Mycoplasma gallisepticum on blood characteristics in commercial layer chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE AB Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a major and economically significant pathogen of avian species. When administered before lay, F-strain MG (FMG) can reduce egg production during lay, but the ts-11 strain of MG (ts11MG) does not exert this effect. Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of pre-lay vaccinations of ts11MG, MG-Bacterin (MGBac), or their combination, in conjunction with an FMG challenge overlay after peak production on the blood characteristics of commercial layers. In each trial, 160 mycoplasma-free Hy-Line W-36 layers were housed in negative-pressure biological isolation units (4 units per treatment, 10 birds per unit) from 9 through 52 wk of age (woa). The following vaccination treatments were administered at 10 woa: 1) Control (no vaccinations); 2) MGBac; 3) ts11MG; and 4) ts11MG and MGBac combination (ts11MG + MGBac). At 45 woa, half of the birds were challenged with a laboratory stock of high-passage FMG. Parameters measured in both trials were whole-blood hematocrit and serum concentrations of cholesterol (SCHOL), triglycerides, calcium, and total protein (STP). An age x treatment interaction (P = 0.04) was observed for STP between 23 and 43 woa. The STP concentration in the ts11MG and ts11MG + MGBac groups was higher at 33 woa, but was lower at 43 woa, in comparison to the Control group. Also, at 38 woa, the STP of the ts11MG + MGBac group was higher than that of the MGBac group. Although use of the ts11MG vaccine alone or in combination with MGBac may influence circulating STP concentrations when administered before lay, it remains effective in protecting layers against the adverse effect of a post-peak challenge of FMG on egg production, as was observed in a previous companion study. SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 94 IS 9 BP 2108 EP 2113 DI 10.3382/ps/pev225 UT WOS:000360191900016 PM 26217033 ER PT J AU Gunther, NW Sites, J Sommers, C AF Gunther, Nereus W. Sites, Joseph Sommers, Christopher TI The effects of high-pressure treatments on Campylobacter jejuni in ground poultry products containing polyphosphate additives SO POULTRY SCIENCE AB Marinades containing polyphosphates have been previously implicated in the enhanced survival of Campylobacter spp. in poultry product exudates. The enhanced Campylobacter survival has been attributed primarily to the ability of some polyphosphates to change the pH of the exudate to one more amenable to Campylobacter. In this study a ground poultry product contaminated with a 6 strain Campylobacter jejuni cocktail was utilized to determine if the efficiency of high-hydrostatic-pressure treatments was negatively impacted by the presence of commonly utilized polyphosphates. Two polyphosphates, hexam-etaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate, used at 2 concentrations, 0.25 and 0.5%, failed to demonstrate any significant negative effects on the efficiency of inactivation of C. jejuni by high-pressure treatment. However, storage at 4 degrees C of the ground poultry samples containing C. jejuni after high-pressure treatment appeared to provide a synergistic effect on Campylobacter inactivation. High-pressure treatment in conjunction with 7 d of storage at 4 degrees C resulted in a mean reduction in C. jejuni survival that was larger than the sum of the individual reductions caused by high pressure or 4 degrees C storage when applied separately. SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 94 IS 9 BP 2297 EP 2302 DI 10.3382/ps/pev199 UT WOS:000360191900038 PM 26217028 ER PT J AU Papp, L Norrbom, AL AF Papp, Laszlo Norrbom, Allen L. TI ZOOTAXA SO ZOOTAXA AB Species of the Afrotropical genus Dudaia Hedicke, 1923 of the subfamily Copromyzinae are revised. The status of Afroborborus Curran, 1931 as a junior synonym of Dudaia is corroborated. Twelve species have been described hitherto, two of them are proposed here to be junior synonyms: Copromyza (Dudaia) simulatilis Richards, 1980, and the name it replaced, Borborus (Dudaia) similis Vanschuytbroeck, 1948, are junior synonyms of Copromyza (Gymnometopina) jeanneli Richards, 1938; and Borborus (Dudaia) uelensis Vanschuytbroeck, 1959 is a junior synonym of Dudaia straeleni( Vanschuytbroeck, 1948). Ten species new to science are described: Dudaia abdita sp. nov. (Kenya), Dudaia aethiopicasp. nov. (Ethiopia), Dudaia albimana sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dudaia brevis sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dudaia communis sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania), Dudaia malagasiensis sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dudaia microtuberculata sp. nov. (South Africa), Dudaia pseudohumeralis sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of Congo), Dudaia spangleri sp. nov. (Kenya), and Dudaia steineri sp. nov. (Madagascar). SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 4011 IS 1 BP 1 EP + UT WOS:000360363800001 PM 26623842 ER PT J AU Kingsley, DH Duncan, SE Granata, LA Salinas-Jones, A Flick, GJ Bourne, DM Fernandez-Plotka, VC AF Kingsley, David H. Duncan, Susan E. Granata, Linda A. Salinas-Jones, Amanda Flick, George J., Jr. Bourne, Dianne M. Fernandez-Plotka, Virginia C. TI High-pressure processing with hot sauce flavouring enhances sensory quality for raw oysters (Crassostrea virginica) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB This study evaluated flavouring raw oysters by placing them under pressure in the presence of a commercially available hot sauce. Hand-shucked raw oysters were processed at high pressure (600MPa), in the presence or absence of hot sauce flavouring and evaluated by an experienced sensory panel 3 and 10days after postharvest processing. The sensory panel evaluated high-pressure-processed oysters, with and without flavouring, for eleven flavours and three texture characteristics using an 11-point intensity scale. Oysters were plump and characterised as moderately chewy and firm. Most oyster flavour characteristics were low in intensity with moderate intensity for briny and umami attributes. Flavoured oysters had a moderately intense tangy flavour and aftertaste. Flavouring a raw oyster by high-pressure processing provides the potential to create a microbiologically safe product with unique sensory characteristics, which may influence consumer acceptance and marketability. SN 0950-5423 EI 1365-2621 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 50 IS 9 BP 2013 EP 2021 DI 10.1111/ijfs.12852 UT WOS:000359859300009 ER PT J AU Garcia, M Elsasser, TH Qu, Y Zhu, X Moyes, KM AF Garcia, M. Elsasser, T. H. Qu, Y. Zhu, X. Moyes, K. M. TI Glucose supplementation has minimal effects on blood neutrophil function and gene expression in vitro SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB During early lactation, glucose availability is low and the effect of glucose supply on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of glucose supplementation on the function and transcriptomic inflammatory response of PMNL from cows in early and mid-lactation in vitro. Twenty Holstein cows in early (n = 10; days in milk = 17 +/- 3.1) and mid-lactation (n = 10; days in milk = 168 +/- 14.8) were used for this study. Jugular blood was analyzed for serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, P-hydroxybutyrate, and glucose. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated and diluted using RPMI (basal glucose concentration was 7.2 mM) to different concentrations of PMNL/mL for phagocytosis, chemotaxis, gene expression, and medium analyses. Working solutions of glucose (0 or 4 mM of D-glucose) and lipopolysaccharide (0 or 50 mu g/mL) were added and tubes were incubated for 120 min at 37 degrees C. Media were analyzed for concentrations of glucose and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha). Data were analyzed in a randomized block (stage of lactation) design. Challenge with lipopolysaccharide increased the expression of the genes encoding for nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB1), IL-10 (IL10), IL1B, IL6, IL8, TNF-alpha (TNFA), glucose transporter (SLC2A3), and the concentration of TNF-alpha in medium (147.3 vs. 72.5 pg/mL for lipopolysaccharide and control, respectively). Main effect of stage of lactation was minimal where the expression of IL10 increased for cows in early compared with cows in mid-lactation. After lipopolysaccharide challenge, cows in early lactation experienced more marked increases in the expression of IL6, TNFA, and IL8 when compared with cows in midlactation. Glucose supplementation had minimal effects on gene expression where glucose supplementation increased the expression of lysozyme (LYZ). Glucose supplementation increased PMNL phagocytosis but did not alter chemotaxis, morphology, or concentration of TNF-alpha in the medium. Under the conditions of the experiment, stage of lactation had minimal effects on PMNL response to glucose supply where only the expression of NFKB1 and the production of TNF-alpha were greater for cows in mid-lactation when compared with early lactation. Metabolic profiles for cows in early lactation did not parallel those for cows during the early postpartum period and may partly explain results for this study. Future studies investigating the effect of glucose supply on bovine PMNL function in vivo and how this may be altered by stage of lactation are warranted. SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 98 IS 9 BP 6139 EP 6150 DI 10.3168/jds.2014-9183 UT WOS:000359884700030 PM 26117347 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Brink, GE Esser, NM Cavadini, JS AF Coblentz, W. K. Brink, G. E. Esser, N. M. Cavadini, J. S. TI Effects of cultivar and grazing initiation date on fall-grown oat for replacement dairy heifers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB Fall-grown oat has shown promise for extending the grazing season in Wisconsin, but the optimum date for initiating grazing has not been evaluated. Our objectives for this project were (1) to assess the pasture productivity and nutritive value of 2 oat cultivars [Ogle and ForagePlus (OG and FP, respectively)] with late-September (EG) or mid-October (LG) grazing initiation dates; and (2) to evaluate growth performance by heifers grazing these oat forages compared with heifers reared in confinement (CON). A total of 160 gravid Holstein heifers (80 heifers/yr) were assigned to 10 research groups (8 heifers/group). Mean initial body weight was 509 +/- 40.5 kg in 2013 and 517 +/- 30.2 kg in 2014. Heifer groups were assigned to specific pastures arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial of oat cultivars and grazing initiation dates. Grazing heifer groups were allowed to strip-graze oat pastures for 6 h daily before returning to the barn, where they were offered a forage-based basal total mixed ration. Main effects of oat cultivar and sampling date interacted for forage characteristics in 2013, but not in 2014. During 2013, oat forage mass increased until early November before declining in response to freezing weather conditions, thereby exhibiting linear and quadratic effects of sampling date, regardless of oat cultivar. Similar trends over time were observed in 2014. For 2013, the maximum forage mass was 5,329 and 5,046 kg/ha for FP and OG, respectively, whereas the mean maximum forage mass for 2014 was 4,806 kg/ha. ForagePlus did not reach the boot stage of growth during either year of the trial; OG matured more rapidly, reaching the late-heading stage during 2013, but exhibited only minor maturity differences from FP in 2014. For 2013, average daily gain for CON did not differ from grazing heifer groups (overall mean = 0.63 kg/d); however, average daily gain from FP was greater than OG (0.68 vs. 0.57 kg/d), and greater from EG compared with LG (0.82 vs. 0.43 kg/d). For 2013, advantages in average daily gain for heifers grazing FP pastures were likely related to the greater energy density of FP oat throughout the fall that reached a maximum of 68.8% total digestible nutrients on November 27 compared with only 63.7% for OG on October 10. During 2014, average daily gain from CON exceeded all grazing heifer groups (0.81 vs. 0.57 kg/d), and average daily gain from EG again exceeded LG (0.70 vs. 0.44 kg/d). These results suggest that delaying grazing until mid-October will consistently suppress heifer growth performance, particularly if rapidly maturing cultivars are used. SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 98 IS 9 BP 6455 EP 6470 DI 10.3168/jds.2015-9639 UT WOS:000359884700057 PM 26142852 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Vandehaar, MJ Spurlock, DM Weigel, KA Armentano, LE Staples, CR Connor, EE Wang, Z Bello, NM Tempelman, RJ AF Lu, Y. Vandehaar, M. J. Spurlock, D. M. Weigel, K. A. Armentano, L. E. Staples, C. R. Connor, E. E. Wang, Z. Bello, N. M. Tempelman, R. J. TI An alternative approach to modeling genetic merit of feed efficiency in dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB Genetic improvement of feed efficiency (FE) in dairy cattle requires greater attention given increasingly important resource constraint issues. A widely accepted yet occasionally contested measure of FE in dairy cattle is residual feed intake (RFI). The use of RFI is limiting for several reasons, including interpretation, differences in recording frequencies between the various component traits that define RFI, and potential differences in genetic versus nongenetic relationships between dry matter intake (DMI) and FE component traits. Hence, analyses focusing on DMI as the response are often preferred. We propose an alternative multiple-trait (MT) modeling strategy that exploits the Cholesky decomposition to provide a potentially more robust measure of FE. We demonstrate that our proposed FE measure is identical to RFI provided that genetic and nongenetic relationships between DMI and component traits of FE are identical. We assessed both approaches (MT and RFI) by simulation as well as by application to 26,383 weekly records from 50 to 200 d in milk on 2,470 cows from a dairy FE consortium study involving 7 institutions. Although the proposed MT model fared better than the RFI model when simulated genetic and nongenetic associations between DMI and FE component traits were substantially different from each other, no meaningful differences were found in predictive performance between the 2 models when applied to the consortium data. SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 98 IS 9 BP 6535 EP 6551 DI 10.3168/jds.2015-9414 UT WOS:000359884700064 PM 26210274 ER PT J AU Hadrich, JC Johnson, KK AF Hadrich, Joleen C. Johnson, Kamina K. TI Estimation of risk management effects on revenue and purchased feed costs on US dairy farms SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB Variations in milk and feed prices directly affect dairy farm risk management decisions. This research used data from the 2010 US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Resource Management Surveys phase III dairy survey to examine how risk management tools affected revenues and expenses across US dairy farms. The survey was sent to 26 states and collected information on costs and returns to individual dairy farms. This research used the information from milk sales, crops sales, feed expenses, and farm and operator characteristics, as well as the use of risk managment tools. Matching methodology was used to evaluate the effect of 5 independent risk management tools on revenues and expenses: selling milk to a cooperative, using a commodity contract to sell grain, feeding home-grown forage at a basic and intensive level, and use of a nutritionist. Results showed that dairy farms located in the Midwest and East benefit from selling milk to a cooperative and using commodity contracts to sell grain. Across the United States, using a nutritionist increased total feed costs, whereas a feeding program that included more than 65% homegrown forages decreased total feed costs. Results point to benefits from educational programming on risk management tools that are region specific rather than a broad generalization to all US dairy farmers. SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 98 IS 9 BP 6588 EP 6596 DI 10.3168/jds.2014-8864 UT WOS:000359884700069 PM 26117353 ER PT J AU Asplen, MK Anfora, G Biondi, A Choi, DS Chu, D Daane, KM Gibert, P Gutierrez, AP Hoelmer, KA Hutchison, WD Isaacs, R Jiang, ZL Karpati, Z Kimura, MT Pascual, M Philips, CR Plantamp, C Ponti, L Vetek, G Vogt, H Walton, VM Yu, Y Zappala, L Desneux, N AF Asplen, Mark K. Anfora, Gianfranco Biondi, Antonio Choi, Deuk-Soo Chu, Dong Daane, Kent M. Gibert, Patricia Gutierrez, Andrew P. Hoelmer, Kim A. Hutchison, William D. Isaacs, Rufus Jiang, Zhi-Lin Karpati, Zsolt Kimura, Masahito T. Pascual, Marta Philips, Christopher R. Plantamp, Christophe Ponti, Luigi Vetek, Gabor Vogt, Heidrun Walton, Vaughn M. Yu, Yi Zappala, Lucia Desneux, Nicolas TI Invasion biology of spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii): a global perspective and future priorities SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE AB The Asian vinegar fly Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing Drosophila [SWD]) has emerged as a major invasive insect pest of small and stone fruits in both the Americas and Europe since the late 2000s. While research efforts have rapidly progressed in Asia, North America, and Europe over the past 5 years, important new insights may be gained in comparing and contrasting findings across the regions affected by SWD. In this review, we explore common themes in the invasion biology of SWD by examining (1) its biology and current pest status in endemic and recently invaded regions; (2) current efforts and future research needs for the development of predictive models for its geographic expansion; and (3) prospects for both natural and classical (=importation) biological control of SWD in invaded habitats, with emphasis on the role of hymenopteran parasitoids. We conclude that particularly fruitful areas of research should include fundamental studies of its overwintering, host-use, and dispersal capabilities; as well as applied studies of alternative, cost-effective management techniques to complement insecticide use within the integrated pest management framework. Finally, we emphasize that outreach efforts are critical to effective SWD management by highlighting successful strategies and insights gained from various geographic regions. RI Pascual, Marta/M-7626-2015; BIONDI, Antonio/I-6381-2012; Ponti, Luigi/A-3603-2011; OI Pascual, Marta/0000-0002-6189-0612; BIONDI, Antonio/0000-0002-1982-7716; Ponti, Luigi/0000-0003-4972-8265; ANFORA, Gianfranco/0000-0003-2545-1409 SN 1612-4758 EI 1612-4766 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 88 IS 3 BP 469 EP 494 DI 10.1007/s10340-015-0681-z UT WOS:000359829400003 ER PT J AU Rassati, D Faccoli, M Marini, L Haack, RA Battisti, A Toffolo, EP AF Rassati, Davide Faccoli, Massimo Marini, Lorenzo Haack, Robert A. Battisti, Andrea Toffolo, Edoardo Petrucco TI Exploring the role of wood waste landfills in early detection of non-native wood-boring beetles SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE AB Non-native wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera) represent one of the most commonly intercepted groups of insects at ports worldwide. The development of early detection methods is a crucial step when implementing rapid response programs so that non-native wood-boring beetles can be quickly detected and a timely action plan can be produced. However, due to the limited resources often available for early detection, it is important to identify the best locations where to concentrate surveillance efforts. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of wood waste landfills in the early detection of non-native wood-boring beetles. From June to September 2013, insects were collected in multi-funnel traps baited with a multi-lure blend (alpha-pinene, ethanol, ipsdienol, ipsenol, and methyl-butenol) at the main port and a nearby wood waste landfill in 12 Italian towns. Overall, 74 species of wood-boring beetles (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Scolytinae) were trapped, among which eight were non-native to Italy. We found that species richness and species abundance of both non-native and native beetles were significantly higher in the wood waste landfill than in the ports. However, the non-native and native communities were similar in the two environments. The main conclusion emerging from this study is that wood waste landfills, given their similarity with ports of entry, should be considered when surveying for non-native wood-boring beetles. Therefore, within the framework of creating long-term monitoring programs that include both coastal and continental areas, both ports and wood waste landfills should be monitored to improve the probability for early detection of non-native species. RI Marini, Lorenzo/B-1119-2009; OI Marini, Lorenzo/0000-0001-7429-7685; Rassati, Davide/0000-0001-7778-0349 SN 1612-4758 EI 1612-4766 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 88 IS 3 BP 563 EP 572 DI 10.1007/s10340-014-0639-6 UT WOS:000359829400010 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Utt, KD Finkenstadt, V Kim, S Biswas, A AF Selling, Gordon W. Utt, Kelly D. Finkenstadt, Victoria Kim, Sanghoon Biswas, Atanu TI Impact of Solvent Selection on Graft Co-polymerization of Acrylamide Onto Starch SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT AB The impact on polymer properties [molecular weight, monomer conversion, graft content, graft efficiency and anhydroglucose units between grafts (AGU/graft)] that result from changing the solvent for the graft co-polymerization of acrylamide onto starch from water to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was evaluated. Other reaction conditions were varied to determine their impact on properties, including solution solids (2.8-10.5 %), acrylamide (0.18-0.89 M), initiator (0.91-3.78 mM), and temperature (40-90 A degrees C). Changing the solvent from water to DMSO had a large impact on the properties of the starch graft co-polymer at all reaction conditions. The most important difference was observed in the architecture of the resulting starch graft co-polymer. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyacrylamide grafts as well as the number of AGU/graft was much lower when the reaction was performed in DMSO; the polymer was more comb-like. When conducted in water the Mn of the polyacrylamide grafts could be as high as 450,000 with over 6,500 AGU/graft. When DMSO was the solvent the Mn could be as low as 7,500 with 200 AGU/graft. The ability to control and generate starch graft co-polymers with dramatically different architecture may allow starch to be tuned to deliver improved properties for current or new applications. SN 1566-2543 EI 1572-8900 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 23 IS 3 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s10924-015-0714-y UT WOS:000360002300002 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Reifschneider, L Joshee, N Finkenstadt, VL AF Tisserat, Brent Reifschneider, Louis Joshee, Nirmal Finkenstadt, Victoria L. TI Evaluation of Paulownia elongata wood polyethylene composites SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS AB Paulownia wood flour (PWF), a by-product of milling lumber, was employed as a biofiller and blended with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) via extrusion. Paulownia wood (PW) shavings were milled through a 1-mm screen and then separated via shaking into various particle fractions (600-74 mu m) using sieves (#30->#200 US Standards). The influence of a commercial coupling agent, maleated polyethylene (MAPE), used at various concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, or 10% w/w) with HDPE and wood particles obtained from a #50-mesh sieve, is examined. Incorporation of high concentrations of MAPE (approximately 5%) in HDPE-PWF blends improved tensile strength compared to lower MAPE concentrations (3%). Particle size of wood significantly influenced the mechanical properties of the biocomposite. HDPE-MAPE blends containing smaller wood particles (<180 mu m) had higher tensile strength than neat HDPE or blends containing larger particles (>300 mu m). Young's modulus for all HDPE-PWF-MAPE blends was 14-27% higher than that of neat HDPE. Generally, incubation of tensile bars of various HDPE-PWF blends in 95% humidity for 28 days reduced the mechanical properties approximately by 5%. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed a slight reduction in the percentage crystallinity among various HDPE-PW blends. SN 0892-7057 EI 1530-7980 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1301 EP 1320 DI 10.1177/0892705713505856 UT WOS:000360002000003 ER PT J AU Rutledge, ME Moorman, CE Washburn, BE Deperno, CS AF Rutledge, M. Elizabeth Moorman, Christopher E. Washburn, Brian E. Deperno, Christopher S. TI Evaluation of Resident Canada Goose Movements to Reduce the Risk of Goose-Aircraft Collisions at Suburban Airports SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB Resident (non-migratory) Canada goose (Branta canadensis) populations in suburban environments pose risks to human health and safety. Specifically, the relatively large size and gregarious behavior of geese combined with an overlap in aircraft flight space pose substantial risk of property damage and human fatalities from goose-aircraft collisions. We estimated home range and core use areas of resident Canada geese and evaluated goose movements to better define the risk of goose-aircraft collisions around Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. We placed satellite transmitters on 16 of 763 neck- and leg-banded geese to identify and track individuals over an 18-month study period. The frequency of satellite-tagged goose movements peaked daily within the first 2 hours after sunrise (28.1%) and again near sunset (27.2%). All in-flight goose movements occurred <= 64m above ground level. Geese flying at these altitudes posed a risk to aircraft in the take-off and landing phases of flight. For all in-flight movements, the number of movements per day was 0.13 during the molt (1 Jun-15 Jul), 0.42 during early post-molt 2008 (16 Jul-31 Oct), 0.36 during late post-molt (1 Nov-31 Jan), 0.58 during breeding/nesting (1 Feb-31 May), and 0.58 during the early post-molt 2009. Satellite-tagged geese traveled a mean distance ranging from 2.0 km (SE = 0.3) to 4.9 km (SE = 0.4) per day, depending on sex and season, which supports the need for intensive goose management within a minimum distance of 8 km from airports. Mean fixed 95% kernel home range and 50% core use area were 991.8 ha (SE = 241.1) and 120.4 ha (SE = 24.6), respectively. Additionally, we monitored site recolonization of nuisance geese after the controlled removal of 60 resident geese from 1 site, which eliminated 24.2% of those initially banded at the site in 2008, but other geese began to recolonize the site within 27 days. Rapid recolonization of the removal site suggests that lethal removal should be conducted at all molt locations within a minimum distance of 8 km of suburban airports and any additional removal or management resources should be applied to greater distances to prevent recolonization of these sites by geese in close proximity to the removal site. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 79 IS 7 BP 1185 EP 1191 DI 10.1002/jwmg.924 UT WOS:000360159100015 ER PT J AU Sujitha, V Murugan, K Paulpandi, M Panneerselvam, C Suresh, U Roni, M Nicoletti, M Higuchi, A Madhiyazhagan, P Subramaniam, J Dinesh, D Vadivalagan, C Chandramohan, B Alarfaj, AA Munusamy, MA Barnard, DR Benelli, G AF Sujitha, Vasu Murugan, Kadarkarai Paulpandi, Manickam Panneerselvam, Chellasamy Suresh, Udaiyan Roni, Mathath Nicoletti, Marcello Higuchi, Akon Madhiyazhagan, Pari Subramaniam, Jayapal Dinesh, Devakumar Vadivalagan, Chithravel Chandramohan, Balamurugan Alarfaj, Abdullah A. Munusamy, Murugan A. Barnard, Donald R. Benelli, Giovanni TI Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles as a novel control tool against dengue virus (DEN-2) and its primary vector Aedes aegypti SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH AB Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral infection mainly vectored through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. Recently, its transmission has strongly increased in urban and semi-urban areas of tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide, becoming a major international public health concern. There is no specific treatment for dengue. Its prevention and control solely depends on effective vector control measures. In this study, we proposed the green-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) as a novel and effective tool against the dengue serotype DEN-2 and its major vector Aedes aegypti. AgNP were synthesized using the Moringa oleifera seed extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNP were characterized using a variety of biophysical methods including UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and sorted for size categories. AgNP showed in vitro antiviral activity against DEN-2 infecting vero cells. Viral titer was 7 log(10) TCID50/ml in control (AgNP-free), while it dropped to 3.2 log(10) TCID50/ml after a single treatment with 20 mu l/ml of AgNP. After 6 h, DEN-2 yield was 5.8 log(10) PFU/ml in the control, while it was 1.4 log(10) PFU/ml post-treatment with AgNP (20 mu l/ml). AgNP were highly effective against the dengue vector A. aegypti, with LC50 values ranging from 10.24 ppm (I instar larvae) to 21.17 ppm (pupae). Overall, this research highlighted the concrete potential of green-synthesized AgNP in the fight against dengue and its primary vector A. aegypti. Further research on structure-activity relationships of AgNP against other dengue serotypes is urgently required. RI Benelli, Giovanni/A-9100-2013; OI Benelli, Giovanni/0000-0001-8971-6010; Higuchi, Akon/0000-0003-2970-8531 SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 114 IS 9 BP 3315 EP 3325 DI 10.1007/s00436-015-4556-2 UT WOS:000359865600016 PM 26063530 ER PT J AU Spiegelman, Z Ham, BK Zhang, ZL Toal, TW Brady, SM Zheng, Y Fei, ZJ Lucas, WJ Wolf, S AF Spiegelman, Ziv Ham, Byung-Kook Zhang, Zhaoliang Toal, Ted W. Brady, Siobhan M. Zheng, Yi Fei, Zhangjun Lucas, William J. Wolf, Shmuel TI A tomato phloem-mobile protein regulates the shoot-to-root ratio by mediating the auxin response in distant organs SO PLANT JOURNAL AB The plant vascular system serves as a conduit for delivery of both nutrients and signaling molecules to various distantly located organs. The anucleate sieve tube system of the angiosperm phloem delivers sugars and amino acids to developing organs, and has recently been shown to contain a unique population of RNA and proteins. Grafting studies have established that a number of these macromolecules are capable of moving long distances between tissues, thus providing support for operation of a phloem-mediated inter-organ communication network. Currently, our knowledge of the roles played by such phloem-borne macromolecules is in its infancy. Here, we show that, in tomato, translocation of a phloem-mobile cyclophilin, SlCyp1, from a wild-type scion into a mutant rootstock results in restoration of vascular development and lateral root initiation. This process occurs through reactivation of auxin response pathways and reprogramming of the root transcriptome. Moreover, we show that long-distance trafficking of SlCyp1 is associated with regulation of the shoot-to-root ratio in response to changing light intensities, by modulating root growth. We conclude that long-distance trafficking of SlCyp1 acts as a rheostat to control the shoot-to-root ratio, by mediating root development to integrate photosynthesis and light intensity with requirements for access to water and mineral nutrients. RI Zheng, Yi/F-6150-2016 OI Zheng, Yi/0000-0002-8042-7770 SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 83 IS 5 BP 853 EP 863 DI 10.1111/tpj.12932 UT WOS:000360100200009 PM 26173789 ER PT J AU Tzuri, G Zhou, XJ Chayut, N Yuan, H Portnoy, V Meir, A Sa'ar, U Baumkoler, F Mazourek, M Lewinsohn, E Fei, ZJ Schaffer, AA Gepstein, S Li, L Burger, J Katzir, N Tadmor, Y AF Tzuri, Galil Zhou, Xiangjun Chayut, Noam Yuan, Hui Portnoy, Vitaly Meir, Ayala Sa'ar, Uzi Baumkoler, Fabian Mazourek, Michael Lewinsohn, Efraim Fei, Zhangjun Schaffer, Arthur A. Gepstein, Shimon Li, Li Burger, Joseph Katzir, Nurit Tadmor, Yaakov TI A 'golden' SNP in CmOr governs the fruit flesh color of melon (Cucumis melo) (vol 82, pg 267, 2015) SO PLANT JOURNAL SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 83 IS 5 BP 940 EP 940 DI 10.1111/tpj.12950 UT WOS:000360100200016 PM 26303217 ER PT J AU Klein, RR Miller, FR Dugas, DV Brown, PJ Burrell, AM Klein, PE AF Klein, Robert R. Miller, Frederick R. Dugas, Diana V. Brown, Patrick J. Burrell, A. Millie Klein, Patricia E. TI Allelic variants in the PRR37 gene and the human-mediated dispersal and diversification of sorghum SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS AB Allele phylogenetic analysis of the sorghum flowering-time gene PRR37 provided new insight into the human-mediated selection of a key adaptive gene that occurred during sorghum's diversification and worldwide dispersal. The domestication and spread of the tropical cereal sorghum is associated with the historic movement of humans. We show that an allelic series at PRR37 (pseudo-response regulator 37), a circadian clock-associated transcription factor, was selected in long-day ecosystems worldwide to permit floral initiation and grain production. We identified a series of loss-of-function (photoperiod-insensitive) alleles encoding truncated PRR37 proteins, alleles with key amino acid substitutions in the pseudo-receiver domain, and a novel splice variant in which the pseudo-receiver domain is truncated. Each PRR37 allelic variant was traced to a specific geographic location or specialized agronomic type. We present a graphical model that shows evidence of human selection and gene flow of the PRR37 allelic variants during the global dispersal and agronomic diversification of sorghum. With the recent identification of the Ghd7 gene as an important regulator of flowering date in sorghum, we briefly examine whether loss-of-function Ghd7 allelic variants were selected prior to the human-mediated movement of sorghum from its equatorial center of origin to temperate climates worldwide. SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 128 IS 9 BP 1669 EP 1683 DI 10.1007/s00122-015-2523-z UT WOS:000359835800002 PM 25982128 ER PT J AU Thyssen, GN Fang, DD Turley, RB Florane, C Li, P Naoumkina, M AF Thyssen, Gregory N. Fang, David D. Turley, Rickie B. Florane, Christopher Li, Ping Naoumkina, Marina TI Mapping-by-sequencing of Ligon-lintless-1 (Li (1) ) reveals a cluster of neighboring genes with correlated expression in developing fibers of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS AB Mapping-by-sequencing and SNP marker analysis were used to fine map the Ligon-lintless-1 ( Li (1) ) short fiber mutation in tetraploid cotton to a 255-kb region that contains 16 annotated proteins. The Ligon-lintless-1 (Li (1) ) mutant of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has been studied as a model for cotton fiber development since its identification in 1929; however, the causative mutation has not been identified yet. Here we report the fine genetic mapping of the mutation to a 255-kb region that contains only 16 annotated genes in the reference Gossypium raimondii genome. We took advantage of the incompletely dominant dwarf vegetative phenotype to identify 100 mutants (Li (1) /Li (1) ) and 100 wild-type (li (1) /li (1) ) homozygotes from a mapping population of 2567 F-2 plants, which we bulked and deep sequenced. Since only homozygotes were sequenced, we were able to use a high stringency in SNP calling to rapidly narrow down the region harboring the Li (1) locus, and designed subgenome-specific SNP markers to test the population. We characterized the expression of all sixteen genes in the region by RNA sequencing of elongating fibers and by RT-qPCR at seven time points spanning fiber development. One of the most highly expressed genes found in this interval in wild-type fiber cells is 40-fold under-expressed at the day of anthesis (DOA) in the mutant fiber cells. This gene is a major facilitator superfamily protein, part of the large family of proteins that includes auxin and sugar transporters. Interestingly, nearly all genes in this region were most highly expressed at DOA and showed a high degree of co-expression. Further characterization is required to determine if transport of hormones or carbohydrates is involved in both the dwarf and lintless phenotypes of Li (1) plants. SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 128 IS 9 BP 1703 EP 1712 DI 10.1007/s00122-015-2539-4 UT WOS:000359835800004 PM 26021293 ER PT J AU Weng, YQ Colle, M Wang, YH Yang, LM Rubinstein, M Sherman, A Ophir, R Grumet, R AF Weng, Yiqun Colle, Marivi Wang, Yuhui Yang, Luming Rubinstein, Mor Sherman, Amir Ophir, Ron Grumet, Rebecca TI QTL mapping in multiple populations and development stages reveals dynamic quantitative trait loci for fruit size in cucumbers of different market classes SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS AB QTL analysis in multi-development stages with different QTL models identified 12 consensus QTLs underlying fruit elongation and radial growth presenting a dynamic view of genetic control of cucumber fruit development. Fruit size is an important quality trait in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) of different market classes. However, the genetic and molecular basis of fruit size variations in cucumber is not well understood. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping of fruit size in cucumber using F-2, F-2-derived F-3 families and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between two inbred lines Gy14 (North American picking cucumber) and 9930 (North China fresh market cucumber). Phenotypic data of fruit length and diameter were collected at three development stages (anthesis, immature and mature fruits) in six environments over 4 years. QTL analysis was performed with three QTL models including composite interval mapping (CIM), Bayesian interval mapping (BIM), and multiple QTL mapping (MQM). Twenty-nine consistent and distinct QTLs were detected for nine traits from multiple mapping populations and QTL models. Synthesis of information from available fruit size QTLs allowed establishment of 12 consensus QTLs underlying fruit elongation and radial growth, which presented a dynamic view of genetic control of cucumber fruit development. Results from this study highlighted the benefits of QTL analysis with multiple QTL models and different mapping populations in improving the power of QTL detection. Discussion was presented in the context of domestication and diversifying selection of fruit length and diameter, marker-assisted selection of fruit size, as well as identification of candidate genes for fruit size QTLs in cucumber. SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 128 IS 9 BP 1747 EP 1763 DI 10.1007/s00122-015-2544-7 UT WOS:000359835800008 PM 26048092 ER PT J AU Kalous, JR Martin, JM Sherman, JD Heo, HY Blake, NK Lanning, SP Eckhoff, JLA Chao, S Akhunov, E Talbert, LE AF Kalous, J. R. Martin, J. M. Sherman, J. D. Heo, H. -Y. Blake, N. K. Lanning, S. P. Eckhoff, J. L. A. Chao, S. Akhunov, E. Talbert, L. E. TI Impact of the D genome and quantitative trait loci on quantitative traits in a spring durum by spring bread wheat cross SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS AB The impact of the D genome and QTL in the A and B genomes on agronomic performance of hexaploid wheat and tetraploid durum was determined using novel recombinant inbred line populations derived from interploid crosses. Genetic differences between common hexaploid (6X) bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, genome, AABBDD) and tetraploid (4X) durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum, 2n = 4x = 28, genome, AABB) may exist due to effects of the D genome and allelic differences at loci in the A and B genomes. Previous work allowed identification of a 6X by 4X cross combination that resulted in a large number of fertile recombinant progeny at both ploidy levels. In this study, interspecific recombinant inbred line populations at both 4X and 6X ploidy with 88 and 117 individuals, respectively, were developed from a cross between Choteau spring wheat (6X) and Mountrail durum wheat (4X). The presence of the D genome in the 6X population resulted in increased yield, tiller number, kernel weight, and kernel size, as well as a decrease in stem solidness, test weight and seed per spike. Similar results were found with a second RIL population containing 152 lines from 18 additional 6X by 4X crosses. Several QTL for agronomic and quality traits were identified in both the 4X and 6X populations. Although negatively impacted by the lack of the D genome, kernel weight in Mountrail (4X) was higher than Choteau (6X) due to positive alleles from Mountrail on chromosomes 3B and 7A. These and other favorable alleles may be useful for introgression between ploidy levels. SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 128 IS 9 BP 1799 EP 1811 DI 10.1007/s00122-015-2548-3 UT WOS:000359835800012 PM 26037088 ER PT J AU Riday, H Smith, MA Peel, MD AF Riday, Heathcliffe Smith, Mark A. Peel, Michael D. TI A simple model for pollen-parent fecundity distributions in bee-pollinated forage legume polycrosses SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS AB A simple Weibull distribution based empirical model that predicts pollen-parent fecundity distributions based on polycross size alone has been developed in outbred forage legume species for incorporation into quantitative genetic theory. Random mating or panmixis is a fundamental assumption in quantitative genetic theory. Random mating is sometimes thought to occur in actual fact, although a large body of empirical work shows that this is often not the case in nature. Models have been developed to explain many non-random mating phenomena. This paper measured pollen-parent fecundity distributions among outbred perennial forage legume species [autotetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), autohexaploid kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), and diploid red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)] in ten polycrosses ranging in size (N) from 9 to 94 pollinated with bee pollinators [Bumble Bees (Bombus impatiens Cr.) and leafcutter bees (Megachile rotundata F.)]. A Weibull distribution best fit the observed pollen-parent fecundity distributions. After standardizing data among the 10 polycrosses, a single Weibull distribution-based model was obtained with an R (2) of 0.978. The model is able to predict pollen-parent fecundity distributions based on polycross size alone. The model predicts that the effective polycross size will be approximately 9 % smaller than under random mating (i.e., N (e)/N similar to 0.91). The model is simple and can easily be incorporated into other models or simulations requiring a pollen-parent fecundity distribution. Further work is needed to determine how widely applicable the model is. SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 128 IS 9 BP 1865 EP 1879 DI 10.1007/s00122-015-2553-6 UT WOS:000359835800017 PM 26105686 ER PT J AU Theimer, TC Clayton, AC Martinez, A Peterson, DL Bergman, DL AF Theimer, Tad C. Clayton, Anthony C. Martinez, Alexa Peterson, Damon L. Bergman, David L. TI Visitation rate and behavior of urban mesocarnivores differs in the presence of two common anthropogenic food sources SO URBAN ECOSYSTEMS AB Cat food left out for feral and domestic cats and bird seed spilled from backyard bird feeders are two common anthropogenic food sources that may attract non-target animals like urban mesocarnivores but no studies have quantified mesocarnivore visitation at these food sources. We used motion-activated video cameras to monitor mesocarnivore use of spilled bird seed below 25 bird feeders maintained by residents in four neighborhoods in Flagstaff, Arizona, June-September 2012 and 2014. During the first five nights of monitoring only seed that spilled naturally below feeders was available. On each of the subsequent five nights, we placed a bowl of commercially available dry cat food below feeders so that both spilled seed and cat food were present. In both years, after cat food was added, the number of visits by striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), raccoons (Procyon lotor) and domestic cats (Felis cattus) doubled and the number of times two animals were present simultaneously also increased. Aggressive interactions, in the form of displays or contacts, increased for all species combinations but significantly only between skunks in the presence of cat food. These results demonstrate that both spilled bird seed and cat food may be exploited frequently by urban mesocarnivores and that the type of food can elicit different behavioral responses that could have important implications for human-wildlife conflict and disease transmission. OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X SN 1083-8155 EI 1573-1642 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 18 IS 3 BP 895 EP 906 DI 10.1007/s11252-015-0436-x UT WOS:000360017700015 ER PT J AU Enloe, HA Lockaby, BG Zipperer, WC Somers, GL AF Enloe, Heather A. Lockaby, B. Graeme Zipperer, Wayne C. Somers, Greg L. TI Urbanization effects on soil nitrogen transformations and microbial biomass in the subtropics SO URBAN ECOSYSTEMS AB As urbanization can involve multiple alterations to the soil environment, it is uncertain how urbanization effects soil nitrogen cycling. We established 22-0.04 ha plots in six different land cover types-rural slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations (n = 3), rural natural pine forests (n = 3), rural natural oak forests (n = 4), urban pine forests (n = 3), urban oak forests (n = 4) and urban lawns (n = 5) to investigate how net soil nitrogen mineralization rates and soil microbial biomass differed between urban forests and rural forests and between urban forests and urban lawns in the Florida panhandle. Urban forest sites have 2.5 times as much net total nitrogen mineralized than rural forest sites based on the mean daily rates averaged over the 2 years study (2010-2012). Urbanization may increase soil microbial biomass and activity (potential carbon mineralization rates) and this may be influencing the soil nitrogen mineralization rates in the forest sites. To include an urban lawn (turfgrass) component in the study, one time measurements of soils from the aforementioned forest sites and from urban lawn sites (no fertilization, no irrigation) were collected in 2012. Urban forest sites and urban lawns sites do not differ in their potential carbon mineralization rates, potential net total nitrogen mineralization rates or microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents. However, lawns have a higher potential net nitrification rate compared to urban forests. SN 1083-8155 EI 1573-1642 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 18 IS 3 BP 963 EP 976 DI 10.1007/s11252-015-0462-8 UT WOS:000360017700019 ER PT J AU Arikan, OA Mulbry, W Lansing, S AF Arikan, Osman A. Mulbry, Walter Lansing, Stephanie TI Effect of temperature on methane production from field-scale anaerobic digesters treating dairy manure SO WASTE MANAGEMENT AB Temperature is a critical factor affecting anaerobic digestion because it influences both system heating requirements and methane production. Temperatures of 35-37 degrees C are typically suggested for manure digestion. In temperate climates, digesters require a considerable amount of additional heat energy to maintain temperatures at these levels. In this study, the effects of lower digestion temperatures (22 and 28 degrees C), on the methane production from dairy digesters were evaluated and compared with 35 degrees C using duplicate replicates of field-scale (FS) digesters with a 17-day hydraulic retention time. After acclimation, the FS digesters were operated for 12 weeks using solids-separated manure at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.4 kg VS m(-3) d(-1) and then for 8 weeks using separated manure amended with manure solids at an OLR of 2.6 kg VS m(-3) d(-1). Methane production values of the FS digesters at 22 and 28 degrees C were about 70% and 87%, respectively, of the values from FS digesters at 35 degrees C. The results suggest that anaerobic digesters treating dairy manure at 28 degrees C were nearly as efficient as digesters operated at 35 degrees C, with 70% of total methane achievable at 22 degrees C. These results are relevant to small farms interested in anaerobic digestion for methane reduction without heat recovery from generators or for methane recovery from covered lagoon digesters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI ARIKAN, OSMAN/F-1193-2015 SN 0956-053X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 43 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.005 UT WOS:000359873600011 PM 26101200 ER PT J AU Berge, ND Li, L Flora, JRV Ro, KS AF Berge, Nicole D. Li, Liang Flora, Joseph R. V. Ro, Kyoung S. TI Assessing the environmental impact of energy production from hydrochar generated via hydrothermal carbonization of food wastes SO WASTE MANAGEMENT AB Although there are numerous studies suggesting hydrothermal carbonization is an environmentally advantageous process for transformation of wastes to value-added products, a systems level evaluation of the environmental impacts associated with hydrothermal carbonization and subsequent hydrochar combustion has not been conducted. The specific objectives of this work are to use a life cycle assessment approach to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the HTC of food wastes and the subsequent combustion of the generated solid product (hydrochar) for energy production, and to understand how parameters and/or components associated with food waste carbonization and subsequent hydrochar combustion influence system environmental impact. Results from this analysis indicate that HTC process water emissions and hydrochar combustion most significantly influence system environmental impact, with a net negative GWP impact resulting for all evaluated substituted energy-sources except biomass. These results illustrate the importance of electricity production from hydrochar particularly when it is used to offset coal-based energy sources. HTC process water emissions result in a net impact to the environment, indicating a need for developing appropriate management strategies. Results from this analysis also highlight a need for additional exploration of liquid and gas-phase composition, a better understanding of how changes in carbonization conditions (e.g., reaction time and temperature) influence metal and nutrient fate, and the exploration of liquid-phase treatment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0956-053X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 43 BP 203 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.029 UT WOS:000359873600023 PM 26049203 ER PT J AU Thomson, JL Goodman, MH Tussing-Humphreys, L AF Thomson, Jessica L. Goodman, Melissa H. Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa TI Diet Quality and Physical Activity Outcome Improvements Resulting From a Church-Based Diet and Supervised Physical Activity Intervention for Rural, Southern, African American Adults: Delta Body and Soul III SO HEALTH PROMOTION PRACTICE AB We assessed the effects of a 6-month, church-based, diet and supervised physical activity intervention, conducted between 2011 and 2012, on improving diet quality and increasing physical activity of Southern, African American adults. Using a quasi-experimental design, eight self-selected, eligible churches were assigned to intervention or control. Assessments included dietary, physical activity, anthropometric, and clinical measures. Mixed model regression analysis and McNemar's test were used to determine if within and between group differences were significant. Cohen's d effect sizes for selected outcomes also were computed and compared with an earlier, lower dose intervention. Retention rates were 84% (102/122) for control and 76% (219/287) for intervention participants. Diet quality components, including fruits, vegetables, discretionary calories, and total quality, improved significantly in the intervention group. Strength/flexibility physical activity also increased in the intervention group, while both aerobic and strength/flexibility physical activity significantly decreased in the control group. Effect sizes for selected health outcomes were larger in the current intervention as compared to an earlier, less intense iteration of the study. Results suggest that more frequent education sessions as well as supervised group physical activity may be key components to increasing the efficacy of behavioral lifestyle interventions in rural, Southern, African American adults. SN 1524-8399 EI 1552-6372 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 16 IS 5 BP 677 EP 688 DI 10.1177/1524839914566851 UT WOS:000359922200007 PM 25603798 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, SA Evett, SR Colaizzi, PD AF O'Shaughnessy, Susan A. Evett, Steven R. Colaizzi, Paul D. TI Dynamic prescription maps for site-specific variable rate irrigation of cotton SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT AB A prescription map is a set of instructions that controls a variable rate irrigation (VRI) system. These maps, which may be based on prior yield, soil texture, topography, or soil electrical conductivity data, are often manually applied at the beginning of an irrigation season and remain static. The problem with static prescription maps is that they ignore spatiotemporal changes in crop water status. In a two-year study (2012 and 2013), a plant feedback system, including a wireless sensor network of infrared thermometers (IRTs), was used to develop dynamic prescription maps to accomplish adaptive irrigation scheduling for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). One-half of a center pivot field was divided into manually and plant feedback-controlled irrigation treatment plots. Irrigation treatments were at three levels, 75, 50 and 25 percent of full as defined by either replenishment of crop water use to field capacity or by the equivalent threshold of the IRT sensed crop water stress. The system accepted user input to control irrigation for the manual treatment plots (I-75M, I-50M, and I-25M), and calculated and compared a thermal stress index for each plant feedback-controlled treatment plot (I-75C, I-55C and I-25C) with a pre-determined threshold for automated irrigation scheduling. The effectiveness of the plant feedback irrigation scheduling system was evaluated by comparing measured lint yield, crop water use (ETc), and water use efficiency (WUE) with the manually scheduled treatment plots. Results for both years indicated that average lint yields were similar between the manual and plant feedback-control plots at the I-75 level (181 and 182 gm(-2), respectively, in 2012; 115 and 103 g m(-2), respectively, in 2013) and I-50 level (146 and 164 gm(-2), respectively, in 2012; 95 and 117 g m(-2), respectively, in 2013). At the I-25 level, average lint yield was significantly greater for the plant feedback-compared with the manual-control treatment plots (142 gm(-2) and 92 gm(-2), respectively), but the mean amount of irrigation was twice that of the manual-control plots. Mean water use efficiencies (WUE) within the same irrigation treatment levels were similar between methods. Importantly, the automatic plant feedback system did not require the time consuming and expensive manual reading of neutron probe access tubes that was required to schedule the manual treatments. These results demonstrate that the integration of a plant feedback system with a commercial VRI system could be used to control site-specific irrigation management for cotton at higher irrigation treatment levels, i.e., I-75 percent and I-50 percent of full. Such a system can facilitate the use of a VRI system by automating prescription map coding and providing dynamic irrigation control instructions to meet variable crop water needs throughout the irrigation season. As of yet, further research is required to maintain automatic deficit irrigation at a level equivalent to 25 percent replenishment of crop water use relative to field capacity. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 159 BP 123 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.06.001 UT WOS:000359330000012 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, DJ French, AN Waller, PM Bautista, E Thorp, KR Bronson, KF Andrade-Sanchez, P AF Hunsaker, D. J. French, A. N. Waller, P. M. Bautista, E. Thorp, K. R. Bronson, K. F. Andrade-Sanchez, P. TI Comparison of traditional and ET-based irrigation scheduling of surface-irrigated cotton in the arid southwestern USA SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT AB The use of irrigation scheduling tools to produce cotton under-surface irrigation in the arid southwestern USA is minimal. In the State of Arizona, where traditional irrigation scheduling is the norm, producers use an average of 1460 mm annually to grow a cotton crop. The purpose of this paper was to determine whether or not the use of ET-based irrigation scheduling methods could improve lint yield and irrigation water use productivity over traditional cotton border irrigation scheduling practices in the region. A field study with four irrigation scheduling treatments replicated in 4 blocks was conducted for two cotton seasons (2009 and 2011) in 16, 12-m x 168-m cotton borders at the Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC), in Arizona, USA. Remotely-sensed vegetation indices (VI) were used to estimate basal crop coefficients (Kcb) at 40, 4-m x 8-m zones within borders for two treatments, denoted as VIA and VLB, whereas a single Kcb curve was applied to all zones in borders for a third treatment (FAO). Daily ETc for these three treatments was estimated using FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedures with local weather data and irrigation scheduling for the three treatments were based on soil water balance predictions of soil water depletion (SWD). For the VLA and FAO treatments, irrigations were given when predicted SWD of all 160 zones in the treatment averaged 45% of total available water (TAW). For the VLB treatment, irrigations were given when 5% of the 160 zones in the treatment were predicted to be at 65% SWD: A fourth treatment (MAC) represented the traditional irrigation scheduling treatment and was scheduled solely by the MAC farm irrigation manager using only experience as a guide. The study showed that the lint yields attained under the MAC farm manager's irrigation scheduling equaled or exceeded the yields for the three ET-based irrigation scheduling treatments. Although the MAC irrigation scheduling resulted in somewhat higher irrigation input than for the other treatments, the MAC treatment maintained or exceeded the irrigation water productivity attained for other treatments that had lower irrigation inputs. A major conclusion of the study was that present-day irrigation water use for cotton in surface-irrigated fields could be substantially reduced. When compared to Arizona state cotton averages, any of the four treatments presented in the study could potentially offer methods to significantly reduce cotton irrigation water use while maintaining or increasing current lint yields levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009; OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X; Waller, Peter/0000-0002-1696-3800 SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 159 BP 209 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.06.016 UT WOS:000359330000020 ER PT J AU Christianson, LE Harmel, RD AF Christianson, L. E. Harmel, R. D. TI The MANAGE Drain Load database: Review and compilation of more than fifty years of North American drainage nutrient studies SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT AB As agriculture in the 21st century is faced with increasing pressure to reduce negative environmental impacts while continuing to efficiently produce food, fiber, and fuel, it becomes ever more important to reflect upon more than half a century of drainage water quality research to identify paths forward. This work provided a quantitative review of the water quality and crop yield impacts of artificially drained agronomic systems across North America by compiling data from drainage nutrient studies in the "Measured Annual Nutrient loads from AGricultural Environments" (MANAGE) database. Of the nearly 400 studies reviewed, 91 individual journal publications and 1279 site-years were included in the new MANAGE Drain Load table with data spanning 1961-2012. Across site-years, the mean and median percent of precipitation occurring as drainage were 25 and 20%, respectively, with wet years resulting in significantly greater drainage discharge and nutrient loads. Water quality and crop yield impacts due to management factors such as cropping system, tillage, and drainage design were investigated. This work provided an important opportunity to evaluate gaps in drainage nutrient research. In addition to the current analyses, the resulting MANAGE drainage database will facilitate further analyses and improved understanding of the agronomic and environmental impacts of artificial drainage. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 159 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.06.021 UT WOS:000359330000025 ER PT J AU Ronnqvist, M D'Amours, S Weintraub, A Jofre, A Gunn, E Haight, RG Martell, D Murray, AT Romero, C AF Roennqvist, Mikael D'Amours, Sophie Weintraub, Andres Jofre, Alejandro Gunn, Eldon Haight, Robert G. Martell, David Murray, Alan T. Romero, Carlos TI Operations Research challenges in forestry: 33 open problems SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH AB Forestry has contributed many problems to the Operations Research (OR) community. At the same time, OR has developed many models and solution methods for use in forestry. In this article, we describe the current status of research on the application of OR methods to forestry and a number of research challenges or open questions that we believe will be of interest to both researchers and practitioners. The areas covered include strategic, tactical and operational planning, fire management, conservation and the use of OR to address environmental concerns. The paper also considers more general methodological areas that are important to forestry including uncertainty, multiple objectives and hierarchical planning. RI Romero, Carlos/J-4360-2013 SN 0254-5330 EI 1572-9338 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 232 IS 1 BP 11 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10479-015-1907-4 UT WOS:000359747200002 ER PT J AU Grubisha, LC Cotty, PJ AF Grubisha, Lisa C. Cotty, Peter J. TI Genetic Analysis of the Aspergillus flavus Vegetative Compatibility Group to Which a Biological Control Agent That Limits Aflatoxin Contamination in US Crops Belongs SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB Some filamentous fungi in Aspergillus section Flavi produce carcinogenic secondary compounds called aflatoxins. Aflatoxin contamination is routinely managed in commercial agriculture with strains of Aspergillus flavus that do not produce aflatoxins. These non-aflatoxin-producing strains competitively exclude aflatoxin producers and reshape fungal communities so that strains with the aflatoxin-producing phenotype are less frequent. This study evaluated the genetic variation within naturally occurring atoxigenic A. flavus strains from the endemic vegetative compatibility group (VCG) YV36. AF36 is a strain of VCG YV36 and was the first fungus used in agriculture for aflatoxin management. Genetic analyses based on mating-type loci, 21 microsatellite loci, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the aflC gene were applied to a set of 237 YV36 isolates collected from 1990 through 2005 from desert legumes and untreated fields and from fields previously treated with AF36 across the southern United States. One haplotype dominated across time and space. No recombination with strains belonging to VCGs other than YV36 was detected. All YV36 isolates carried the SNP in aflC that prevents aflatoxin biosynthesis and the mat1-2 idiomorph at the mating-type locus. These results suggest that VCG YV36 has a clonal population structure maintained across both time and space. These results demonstrate the genetic stability of atoxigenic strains belonging to a broadly distributed endemic VCG in both untreated populations and populations where the short-term frequency of VCG YV36 has increased due to applications of a strain used to competitively exclude aflatoxin producers. This work supports the hypothesis that strains of this VCG are not involved in routine genetic exchange with aflatoxin-producing strains. SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 81 IS 17 BP 5889 EP 5899 DI 10.1128/AEM.00738-15 UT WOS:000359259000024 PM 26092465 ER PT J AU Zhang, DW Sun, X Butler, BJ Prestemon, JP AF Zhang, Daowei Sun, Xing Butler, Brett J. Prestemon, Jeffrey P. TI Harvesting Choices and Timber Supply among Landowners in the Southern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE AB The recent rise of institutional timberland ownership has led to a significant change in the structure and conduct of the timber industry in the United States. In this study, we apply a two-period harvest model to assess the timber harvesting behavior of various landowners at the stand level by utilizing USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data for nine southern states. Forest industry and institutional timberland owners were found to be more likely to conduct partial and final harvests than nonindustrial private forest landowners. Aggregately, Timberland Investment Management Organizations were found to be most, and timberland Real Estate Investment Trusts to be least, price-responsive among ownership groups. La hausse recente du nombre de proprietaires institutionnels de terrains forestiers exploitables a modifie considerablement la structure et la gestion de l'industrie du bois aux Etats-Unis. Dans le present article, nous avons applique, en utilisant des donnees tirees de la Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) (Analyse de l'inventaire forestier) du Service des forets des Etats-Unis dans neuf Etats du sud, un modele fonde sur deux periodes de recolte pour evaluer le comportement de divers proprietaires selon la periode de recolte du bois. Selon les resultats de notre etude, l'industrie forestiere et les proprietaires institutionnels de terrains forestiers exploitables sont plus susceptibles d'effectuer des coupes partielles et totales que les proprietaires non industriels de forets privees. Globalement, parmi les divers groupes de proprietaires, les organismes de gestion des placements dans les terrains forestiers exploitables (TIMO) sont les plus sensibles aux prix, tandis que les societes de placement immobilier dans le secteur forestier sont les moins sensibles aux prix. SN 0008-3976 EI 1744-7976 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 63 IS 3 BP 409 EP 429 DI 10.1111/cjag.12060 UT WOS:000359675400006 ER PT J AU Wilcox, TM McKelvey, KS Young, MK Lowe, WH Schwartz, MK AF Wilcox, Taylor M. McKelvey, Kevin S. Young, Michael K. Lowe, Winsor H. Schwartz, Michael K. TI Environmental DNA particle size distribution from Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES AB Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling has become a widespread approach for detecting aquatic animals with high potential for improving conservation biology. However, little research has been done to determine the size of particles targeted by eDNA surveys. In this study, we conduct particle distribution analysis of eDNA from a captive Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a flow-through mesocosm. Our data suggest that 1.2-10-mu m particles are the most common size of eDNA from Brook Trout, which is consistent with our hypotheses that eDNA in the environment is comprised of loosely aggregated smaller particles, resulting in high inter-sample heterogeneity. These findings are similar to those of a study on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in lentic systems. RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 639 EP 641 DI 10.1007/s12686-015-0465-z UT WOS:000359521500009 ER PT J AU Saha, S Stelly, DM Makamov, AK Ayubov, MS Raska, D Gutierrez, OA Manchali, S Jenkins, JN Deng, D Abdurakhmonov, IY AF Saha, Sukumar Stelly, David M. Makamov, Abdusalom K. Ayubov, Mirzakamol S. Raska, Dwaine Gutierrez, Osman A. Manchali, Shivapriya Jenkins, Johnie N. Deng, Dewayne Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim Y. TI Molecular confirmation of Gossypium hirsutum chromosome substitution lines SO EUPHYTICA AB The primary gene pool for tetraploid cotton species includes Gossypium hirsutum L., as well as the other four 2n = 52 species of Gossypium (G. barbadense, G. mustellinum, G. tomentosum and G. darwinii). To help overcome barriers to effective introgression, we have developed a number of alien chromosome substitution (CS) lines from G. barbadense, G. mustellinum and G. tomentosum, most of which are nearly isogenic to the inbred 'Texas Marker-1', a genetic standard. At the time CS line development was initiated, molecular markers did not exist for some CS lines, and most of these lines were developed based on cytological analysis without using any marker-based testing. Here we report on tests with SSR markers from one ore more linkage maps specific to the substituted chromosome or chromosome segment from one or more linkage maps to assess the constitution and genetic identity of the CS lines. The specific objective of this paper is to report on the genetic identity of the CS lines using SSR markers and some special characteristics associated with some of the CS lines. We used chromosome-specific SSR markers following standard methods of DNA extraction, PCR and according to manufacturer's protocol on ABI Genetic Analyzer 3130xl to confirm the identity of the introgressed alien chromosome or chromosome segments in the CS lines. For most CS lines and most mapped markers, the observed SSR profiles were concordant with expectations as per the results of cytological analysis. For a minority of markers and lines, however, the results were discordant; these markers, linkage groups, and CS lines will be further investigated to understand and define their genetic identity for use as breeding resources. Interspecific germplasm introgression can be useful for genetic improvement of Upland cotton. However, such efforts are constrained by genetic incompatibilities between the species. Our results document for the first time the development of CS lines from G. tomentosum and G. mustelinum. These CS lines will open a new paradigm in cotton breeding program by providing a tool for introgression of useful genes from wild and unadapted species in the genetic improvement of Upland cotton. RI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/F-5588-2015 OI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/0000-0001-9563-0686 SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 205 IS 2 BP 459 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s10681-015-1407-2 UT WOS:000359135200012 ER PT J AU Sherrard, ME Joers, LC Carr, CM Cambardella, CA AF Sherrard, Mark E. Joers, Lucas C. Carr, Christina M. Cambardella, Cynthia A. TI Soil type and species diversity influence selection on physiology in Panicum virgatum SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY AB Species diversity influences the productivity and stability of plant communities, but its effect on the evolution of species within those communities is poorly understood. In this study, we tested whether species diversity and soil type influence selection on physiology in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Plants were grown in 0.33-0.55 ha plots in eight full-factorial treatment combinations: four diversity treatments (1 species-switchgrass monoculture; 5 species-a mix of C-4 grasses; 16 species-a mix of grasses, forbs, and legumes; 32 species-a mix of grasses, forbs, legumes, and sedges) and two soil types (Waukee loam "loam" and Spillville-Coland alluvial complex "clay"). We measured selection on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll concentration, and specific leaf area in each treatment combination and compared the strength of selection between soil types and diversity treatments. When significant, selection favored increased photosynthesis, increased chlorophyll concentration, and decreased specific leaf area in all treatment combinations. Selection for these attributes was stronger in the faster-draining loam soil than the slower-draining clay soil. Selection rarely differed significantly between diversity treatments; however, most instances in which selection differed significantly between soil types occurred in the high-diversity mixes suggesting that diversity alters the impact of soil type as an agent of selection. Selection may have been stronger in the loam soil because of its lower available water capacity. There was a lengthy summer drought during our experiment. Under these conditions, plants with high photosynthesis and chlorophyll concentration would have more resources to invest in their root system for water uptake. Increased capacity for water uptake would benefit plants in both soil types during drought but would have greater adaptive significance in the faster-draining loam soil. Our results suggest that species diversity is a weak agent of selection and only influences physiological evolution by modifying the pressures exerted by other environmental factors. SN 0269-7653 EI 1573-8477 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 29 IS 5 BP 679 EP 702 DI 10.1007/s10682-015-9770-y UT WOS:000359776400004 ER PT J AU Snover, ML Adams, MJ Ashton, DT Bettaso, JB Welsh, HH AF Snover, Melissa L. Adams, Michael J. Ashton, Donald T. Bettaso, Jamie B. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. TI Evidence of counter-gradient growth in western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) across thermal gradients SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY AB Counter-gradient growth, where growth per unit temperature increases as temperature decreases, can reduce the variation in ectothermic growth rates across environmental gradients. Understanding how ectothermic species respond to changing temperatures is essential to their conservation and management due to human-altered habitats and changing climates. Here, we use two contrasting populations of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) to model the effect of artificial and variable temperature regimes on growth and age at reproductive maturity. The two populations occur on forks of the Trinity River in northern California, U.S.A. The South Fork Trinity River (South Fork) is unregulated, while the main stem of the Trinity River (Main Stem) is dammed and has peak seasonal temperatures that are approximately 10 degrees C colder than the South Fork. Consistent with other studies, we found reduced annual growth rates for turtles in the colder Main Stem compared to the warmer South Fork. The South Fork population matured approximately 9year earlier, on average, and at a larger body size than the Main Stem population. When we normalised growth rates for the thermal opportunity for growth using water-growing degree-days (GDD), we found the reverse for growth rates and age at reproductive maturity. Main Stem turtles grew approximately twice as fast as South Fork turtles per GDD. Main Stem turtles also required approximately 50% fewer GDD to reach their smaller size at reproductive maturity compared to the larger South Fork turtles. We found we could accurately hindcast growth rates based on water temperatures estimated from the total volume of discharge from the dam into the Main Stem, providing a management tool for predicting the impacts of the dam on turtle growth rates. Given the importance of size and age at reproductive maturity to population dynamics, this information on counter-gradient growth will improve our ability to understand and predict the consequences of dam operations for downstream turtle populations. SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1944 EP 1963 DI 10.1111/fwb.12623 UT WOS:000359779000017 ER PT J AU Koide, RT Nguyen, BT Skinner, RH Dell, CJ Peoples, MS Adler, PR Drohan, PJ AF Koide, Roger T. Nguyen, Binh T. Skinner, R. Howard Dell, Curtis J. Peoples, Matthew S. Adler, Paul R. Drohan, Patrick J. TI Biochar amendment of soil improves resilience to climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY AB Because of climate change, insufficient soil moisture may increasingly limit crop productivity in certain regions of the world. This may be particularly consequential for biofuel crops, many of which will likely be grown in drought-prone soils to avoid competition with food crops. Biochar is the byproduct of a biofuel production method called pyrolysis. If pyrolysis becomes more common as some scientists predict, biochar will become more widely available. We asked, therefore, whether the addition of biochar to soils could significantly increase the availability of water to a crop. Biochar made from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) shoots was added at the rate of 1% of dry weight to four soils of varying texture, and available water contents were calculated as the difference between field capacity and permanent wilting point water contents. Biochar addition significantly increased the available water contents of the soils by both increasing the amount of water held at field capacity and allowing plants to draw the soil to a lower water content before wilting. Among the four soils tested, biochar amendment resulted in an additional 0.8-2.7d of transpiration, which could increase productivity in drought-prone regions or reduce the frequency of irrigation. Biochar amendment of soils may thus be a viable means of mitigating some of the predicted decrease in water availability accompanying climate change that could limit the future productivity of biofuel crops. SN 1757-1693 EI 1757-1707 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1084 EP 1091 DI 10.1111/gcbb.12191 UT WOS:000359384500014 ER PT J AU Steenwerth, KL Strong, EB Greenhut, RF Williams, L Kendall, A AF Steenwerth, Kerri L. Strong, Emma B. Greenhut, Rachel F. Williams, Larry Kendall, Alissa TI Life cycle greenhouse gas, energy, and water assessment of wine grape production in California SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AB This study assesses life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy use, and freshwater use in wine grape production across common vineyard management scenarios in two representative growing regions (Napa and Lodi) of the US state of California. California hosts 90 % of US grape growing area, and demand for GHG emissions estimates of crops has increased due to consumer interest and policies such as California's Global Warming Solutions Act. The study's scope includes the annual cycle for wine grape production, beginning at raw material extraction for production of vineyard inputs and ending at delivery of wine grapes to the winery gate, and excludes capital infrastructure. Two hundred forty production scenarios were modeled based on data collected from land owners, vineyard managers, and third-party vineyard management companies. Thirty additional in-person interviews with growers throughout Napa and Lodi were also conducted to identify the diversity of farming practices, site characteristics, and yields (among other factors) across 90 vineyards. These vineyards represent a cross-section of the regional variability in soil, climate, and landscape used for wine grape production. Energy use and global warming potential (GWP) per metric ton (t) across all 240 production scenarios range between 1669 and 8567 MJ and 87 and 548 kg CO(2)e. Twelve scenarios were selected for closer inspection to facilitate comparison of the two regions and grower practices. Comparison by region shows energy use, GWP, and water use for typical practices were more than twice as great in Napa (6529 MJ/t, 456 kg CO(2)e/t, and 265 m(3) H2O/t) than Lodi (2759 MJ/t, 203 kg CO(2)e/t, and 141 m(3) H2O/t), but approximately 16 % greater on a per hectare basis. Hand harvest (versus mechanical harvesting) and frost protection processes in Napa contributed to higher values per hectare, and lower yields in Napa account for the even larger difference per metric ton. Hand harvesting and lower yields reflect the higher value of Napa wine grapes. The findings underscore the regional distinctions in wine grape production, which include different management goals, soils, and climate. When vineyards are managed for lower yields, as they are in Napa, energy, water, and GWP will likely be higher on a per mass basis. Strategies to reduce emissions in these regions cannot rely on increasing yields (a common approach), and alternative strategies are required, for example developing high-value co-products. SN 0948-3349 EI 1614-7502 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1243 EP 1253 DI 10.1007/s11367-015-0935-2 UT WOS:000359739200004 ER PT J AU Kustas, WP Alfieri, JG Evett, S Agam, N AF Kustas, William P. Alfieri, Joseph G. Evett, Steve Agam, Nurit TI Quantifying variability in field-scale evapotranspiration measurements in an irrigated agricultural region under advection SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE AB This study compares evapotranspiration (ET) measurements from eddy covariance (EC), lysimetry (LY), and water balance using a network of neutron probe (NP) sensors and investigates the role of within-field variability in the vegetation density in explaining the differences among the various techniques. Measurements were collected over irrigated cotton fields during a period of rapid crop growth under advective conditions. Using NP-based ET estimates as reference, differences in cumulative ET measurements from the EC systems and NP ranged between 2 and 14 %, while differences between LY and NP ranged from 22 to 25 %. The discrepancy in the ET between the three methods was largely attributed to variations in vegetation cover within the source areas of the sensors, which was reliably assessed using high-resolution remote sensing imagery. This analysis indicates that the source area contributing to the measurements must be considered, even in instances where one might consider field conditions uniform. Consequently, differences in measured ET require accounting for variability of vegetation cover conditions in measurement source areas, particularly when used for model validation. This point concerning model validation is exemplified by the difference in performance of a thermal-based energy balance model in estimating ET evaluated using LY versus EC measurements. OI Agam, Nurit/0000-0002-8921-6179 SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 33 IS 5 BP 325 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s00271-015-0469-1 UT WOS:000359822600001 ER PT J AU Arsi, K Donoghue, AM Woo-Ming, A Blore, PJ Donoghue, DJ AF Arsi, K. Donoghue, A. M. Woo-Ming, A. Blore, P. J. Donoghue, D. J. TI The efficacy of selected probiotic and prebiotic combinations in reducing Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH AB Campylobacter is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness worldwide and is associated with consumption of poultry products. One potential strategy to reduce Campylobacter colonization in poultry is the use of probiotics. In an attempt to reduce Campylobacter in poultry, we isolated 117 GRAS (generally recognized as safe) bacterial isolates from the ceca of healthy birds and evaluated their efficacy against Campylobacter, using a soft agar overlay technique. Twenty-six isolates (Bacillus and Lactobacillus spp.) with greatest ability to inhibit Campylobacter in vitro, were tested in birds. In these studies, bacterial isolates were administered orally on day-of-hatch and, chicks were challenged with a four-strain mixture of wild type C. jejuni (similar to 10(6) CFU/mL) on day 7. Cecal samples were collected on day 14 for Campylobacter enumeration. Out of 26 isolates, 3 isolates demonstrated a reduction in Campylobacter counts (1 to 2 logs). In an attempt to improve the efficacy of these 3 isolates, follow-up studies were conducted with various doses of 2 prebiotics (fructooligosaccharide [FOS] or mannan oligosaccharide [MOS]) in the feed. Campylobacter counts were not reduced for any of the FOS treatments (0.125%, 0.25%, or 0.5%) or the MOS treatments (0.04%, 0.08%, or 0.16%), but were reduced for the combination of isolate 3 with 0.04% MOS in feed. The results of this study indicate that the selection and administration of bacterial isolates in combination with selected prebiotics may reduce enteric Campylobacter counts in preharvest poultry. RI arsi, komala/G-8871-2016 OI arsi, komala/0000-0002-4282-4273 SN 1056-6171 EI 1537-0437 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.3382/japr/pfv032 UT WOS:000359729500004 ER PT J AU Davis, JD Purswell, JL Kiess, AS AF Davis, J. D. Purswell, J. L. Kiess, A. S. TI Evaluation of chopped switchgrass and chopped bermudagrass as litter materials over multiple heavy broiler flocks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH AB Chopped switchgrass (SG) and chopped bermudagrass (BG) were evaluated as alternatives to pine shavings (PS) for broiler litter over 3 flocks. Twenty-four pens were filled with the 3 litter types. Live performance parameters included mortality, BW, BW gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion. Mortality was not different for litter type or flock. All other live variables were different (P < 0.0001) for flock. Mean foot pad scores (FPS) were only different (P < 0.0001) for flock. Litter performance variables included litter and cake moisture content (MC), pH, litter ammonia concentration, and cake nutrient values [nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N-P-K)]. Litter and cake MC differed by litter type and flock (P < 0.0001). Litter MC was 1% lower for SG than BG or PS. Cake depth observations were similar for litter type. Litter pH differed by flock (P = 0.008) while cake pH differed for both litter type (P = 0.05) and flock (P < 0.0001). Beginning and ending litter ammonia concentration were different for flock (P < 0.0001). Potassium was different for both litter type (P = 0.04) and flock (P < 0.0001) while nitrogen and phosphorus differed only by flock (P < 0.0001). Chopped SG and BG performed as well as PS as a litter material over 3 grow-out cycles. Based on the results of this study, chopped grass materials appear to be a viable alternative to PS for broiler bedding. SN 1056-6171 EI 1537-0437 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 343 EP 351 DI 10.3382/japr/pfv034 UT WOS:000359729500006 ER PT J AU Hinojosa, CA Caldwell, DJ Byrd, JA Ross, MA Stringfellow, KD Fowlkes, EJ Lee, JT Stayer, PA Farnell, YZ Farnell, MB AF Hinojosa, C. A. Caldwell, D. J. Byrd, J. A. Ross, M. A. Stringfellow, K. D. Fowlkes, E. J. Lee, J. T. Stayer, P. A. Farnell, Y. Z. Farnell, M. B. TI Use of a foaming disinfectant and cleaner to reduce aerobic bacteria on poultry transport coops SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH AB Poultry transportation coops are rarely washed and have been demonstrated to be a point of cross-contamination of broiler carcasses. Foaming disinfectants and cleaners, commonly used within processing plants, may be used to clean and disinfect poultry transportation coops. In this study, homogenized fecal material was evenly applied to the floors of precleaned broiler transportation coops and allowed to dry. Treatments consisted of a water rinse, a foam additive alone, foaming cleaner, and a disinfectant plus a foam additive. All foaming treatments were applied using a compressed air foam system (2,271 L/min; 600 gal/min), similar to what firefighters would use. A high-pressure water rinse (HPWR) was added prior to or following the treatments to determine whether rinsing prior to product application or rinsing after product application would improve efficacy. Based on our data, a compressed air foam system may be used in combination with a commercially available disinfectant or foam cleaner to reduce aerobic bacteria on the surfaces of commercial broiler transportation coops. Furthermore, the addition of a HPWR did not further reduce the level of aerobic bacteria on broiler transportation coop floors. SN 1056-6171 EI 1537-0437 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 364 EP 370 DI 10.3382/japr/pfv036 UT WOS:000359729500008 ER PT J AU Cosby, DE Cox, NA Harrison, MA Wilson, JL Buhr, RJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Cosby, Douglas E. Cox, Nelson A. Harrison, Mark A. Wilson, Jeanna L. Buhr, R. Jeff Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. TI Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance in broilers: A review SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH AB Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen which can readily pass from animal to man through the consumption of contaminated food. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica associated with poultry and poultry meat products has been well-documented and this prevalence has both public health and economic implications. The estimated total cost for nontyphoidal Salmonella is in excess of 14 billion dollars/year in the United States alone. Almost 41,930 cases of nontyphoidal foodborne salmonellosis are confirmed annually with an estimated total number of 1 million cases of foodborne salmonellosis not reported. The emergence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella recovered from meat products has heightened concerns regarding antimicrobial use in food animal production. This review will cover the history and taxonmy of Salmonella enterica, Salmonella in poultry and poultry products, colonization factors, transmission, detection and characterization, antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, mechanisms of resistance in Salmonella by class, transmission of antimicrobial resistance, and the global implications of antimicrobial resistance. SN 1056-6171 EI 1537-0437 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 408 EP 426 DI 10.3382/japr/pfv038 UT WOS:000359729500014 ER PT J AU Whitman, E Batllori, E Parisien, MA Miller, C Coop, JD Krawchuk, MA Chong, GW Haire, SL AF Whitman, Ellen Batllori, Enric Parisien, Marc-Andre Miller, Carol Coop, Jonathan D. Krawchuk, Meg A. Chong, Geneva W. Haire, Sandra L. TI The climate space of fire regimes in north-western North America SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY AB AimStudies of fire activity along environmental gradients have been undertaken, but the results of such studies have yet to be integrated with fire-regime analysis. We characterize fire-regime components along climate gradients and a gradient of human influence. LocationWe focus on a climatically diverse region of north-western North America extending from northern British Columbia, Canada, to northern Utah and Colorado, USA. MethodsWe used a multivariate framework to collapse 12 climatic variables into two major climate gradients and binned them into 73 discrete climate domains. We examined variation in fire-regime components (frequency, size, severity, seasonality and cause) across climate domains. Fire-regime attributes were compiled from existing databases and Landsat imagery for 1897 large fires. Relationships among the fire-regime components, climate gradients and human influence were examined through bivariate regressions. The unique contribution of human influence was also assessed. ResultsA primary climate gradient of temperature and summer precipitation and a secondary gradient of continentality and winter precipitation in the study area were identified. Fire occupied a distinct central region of such climate space, within which fire-regime components varied considerably. We identified significant interrelations between fire-regime components of fire size, frequency, burn severity and cause. The influence of humans was apparent in patterns of burn severity and ignition cause. Main conclusionsWildfire activity is highest where thermal and moisture gradients converge to promote fuel production, flammability and ignitions. Having linked fire-regime components to large-scale climate gradients, we show that fire regimes - like the climate that controls them - are a part of a continuum, expanding on models of varying constraints on fire activity. The observed relationships between fire-regime components, together with the distinct role of climatic and human influences, generate variation in biotic communities. Thus, future changes to climate may lead to ecological changes through altered fire regimes. OI Whitman, Ellen/0000-0002-4562-3645; Haire, Sandra/0000-0002-5356-7567; Batllori, Enric/0000-0002-2130-0489 SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1736 EP 1749 DI 10.1111/jbi.12533 UT WOS:000359376600014 ER PT J AU Agrawal, K Foolad, N Sivamani, RK Newman, JW AF Agrawal, K. Foolad, N. Sivamani, R. K. Newman, J. W. TI Inflammatory Mediator Profiling in Sweat: a potential non-invasive diagnostic for atopic dermatitis SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY CT 45th Annual Meeting of the European-Society-for-Dermatological-Research CY SEP 09-12, 2015 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP European Soc Dermatol Res SN 0022-202X EI 1523-1747 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 135 SU 2 MA 077 BP S13 EP S13 UT WOS:000359739400078 ER PT J AU Hameed, U Pan, YB Iqbal, J AF Hameed, Usman Pan, Yong-Bao Iqbal, Javed TI Genetic Analysis of Resistance Gene Analogues from a Sugarcane Cultivar Resistant to Red Rot Disease SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB One of the important approaches for disease control in sugarcane is to develop a disease-resistant variety; this may be accomplished through identification of resistance genes in sugarcane. In this study, PCR primers targeting the conserved motifs of the nucleotide-binding site (NBS) class and kinase class of the resistance gene analogues (RGAs) were used to amplify the RGAs from a red rot-resistant sugarcane cultivar (Saccharum spp. hybrid) HSF 240. Upon subcloning and sequencing, fifteen putative RGAs were identified. These RGAs shared 63-98% identity to the reported disease-resistant genes in the NCBI GenBank database. Deduced amino acid sequences also showed the presence of expected conserved domains characteristic of RGAs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these RGAs clustered with R genes from other plant species. The findings will be useful for studying disease-resistant genes in sugarcane. SN 0931-1785 EI 1439-0434 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 163 IS 9 BP 755 EP 763 DI 10.1111/jph.12372 UT WOS:000359668900007 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Sayers, TJ Colburn, NH Milner, JA Young, HA AF Kim, Young S. Sayers, Thomas J. Colburn, Nancy H. Milner, John A. Young, Howard A. TI Impact of Dietary Components on NK and Treg Cell Function for Cancer Prevention SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS AB An important characteristic of cancer is that the disease can overcome the surveillance of the immune system. A possible explanation for this resistance arises from the ability of tumor cells to block the tumoricidal activity of host immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells by inducing the localized accumulation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Evidence exists that components in commonly consumed foods including vitamins A, D, and E, water-soluble constituents of mushrooms, polyphenolics in fruits and vegetables, and n-3 fatty acids in fish oil can modulate NK cell activities, Treg cell properties, and the interactions between those two cell types. Thus, it is extremely important for cancer prevention to understand the involvement of dietary components with the early stage dynamics of interactions among these immune cells. This review addresses the potential significance of diet in supporting the function of NK cells, Treg cells, and the balance between those two cell types, which ultimately results in decreased cancer risk. Published 2015. SN 0899-1987 EI 1098-2744 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 54 IS 9 BP 669 EP 678 DI 10.1002/mc.22301 UT WOS:000359710600001 PM 25845339 ER PT J AU Budischak, SA Hoberg, EP Abrams, A Jolles, AE Ezenwa, VO AF Budischak, Sarah A. Hoberg, Eric P. Abrams, Art Jolles, Anna E. Ezenwa, Vanessa O. TI A combined parasitological molecular approach for noninvasive characterization of parasitic nematode communities in wild hosts SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES AB Most hosts are concurrently or sequentially infected with multiple parasites; thus, fully understanding interactions between individual parasite species and their hosts depends on accurate characterization of the parasite community. For parasitic nematodes, noninvasive methods for obtaining quantitative, species-specific infection data in wildlife are often unreliable. Consequently, characterization of gastrointestinal nematode communities of wild hosts has largely relied on lethal sampling to isolate and enumerate adult worms directly from the tissues of dead hosts. The necessity of lethal sampling severely restricts the host species that can be studied, the adequacy of sample sizes to assess diversity, the geographic scope of collections and the research questions that can be addressed. Focusing on gastrointestinal nematodes of wild African buffalo, we evaluated whether accurate characterization of nematode communities could be made using a noninvasive technique that combined conventional parasitological approaches with molecular barcoding. To establish the reliability of this new method, we compared estimates of gastrointestinal nematode abundance, prevalence, richness and community composition derived from lethal sampling with estimates derived from our noninvasive approach. Our noninvasive technique accurately estimated total and species-specific worm abundances, as well as worm prevalence and community composition when compared to the lethal sampling method. Importantly, the rate of parasite species discovery was similar for both methods, and only a modest number of barcoded larvae (n=10) were needed to capture key aspects of parasite community composition. Overall, this new noninvasive strategy offers numerous advantages over lethal sampling methods for studying nematode-host interactions in wildlife and can readily be applied to a range of study systems. SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1112 EP 1119 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12382 UT WOS:000359631600010 PM 25644900 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Ren, L Chen, GQ Zhang, J Reed, BM Shen, XH AF Zhang, Di Ren, Li Chen, Guan-qun Zhang, Jie Reed, Barbara M. Shen, Xiao-hui TI ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event directly affect the cell viability of cryopreserved embryogenic callus in Agapanthus praecox SO PLANT CELL REPORTS AB Oxidative stress and apoptosis-like programmed cell death, induced in part by H (2) O (2) , are two key factors that damage cells during plant cryopreservation. Their inhibition can improve cell viability. We hypothesized that oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event induced by ROS seriously impact plant cell viability during cryopreservation. This study documented changes in cell morphology and ultrastructure, and detected dynamic changes in ROS components (O (2) (center dot-) , H2O2 and OH center dot), antioxidant systems, and programmed cell death (PCD) events during embryonic callus cryopreservation of Agapanthus praecox. Plasmolysis, organelle ultrastructure changes, and increases in malondialdehyde (a membrane lipid peroxidation product) suggested that oxidative damage and PCD events occurred at several early cryopreservation steps. PCD events including autophagy, apoptosis-like, and necrosis also occurred at later stages of cryopreservation, and most were apoptosis. H2O2 is the most important ROS molecule mediating oxidative damage and affecting cell viability, and catalase and AsA-GSH cycle are involved in scavenging the intracellular H2O2 and protecting the cells against stress damage in the whole process. Gene expression studies verified changes of antioxidant system and PCD-related genes at the main steps of the cryopreservation process that correlated with improved cell viability. Reducing oxidative stress or inhibition of apoptosis-like event by deactivating proteases improved cryopreserved cell viability from 49.14 to 86.85 % and 89.91 %, respectively. These results verify our model of ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event in plant cryopreservation. This study provided a novel insight into cell stress response mechanisms in cryopreservation. SN 0721-7714 EI 1432-203X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1499 EP 1513 DI 10.1007/s00299-015-1802-0 UT WOS:000359443500004 PM 26104871 ER PT J AU Aver'yanov, AA Pasechnik, TD Lapikova, VP Romanova, TS Baker, CJ AF Aver'yanov, A. A. Pasechnik, T. D. Lapikova, V. P. Romanova, T. S. Baker, C. J. TI Systemic reduction of rice blast by inhibitors of antioxidant enzymes SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB Systemic acquired disease resistance (SAR) of plants may result from an oxidative burst in their tissues caused by both increased production of ROS and decreased antioxidant activity, in particular, enzymatic. Here we tested whether the exogenous inhibitors of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), respectively, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and aminotriazole (AT), can systemically protect rice (Oryza sativa L.) from blast disease caused by fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Conouch et Kohn. The possible involvement of ROS in the protection was also examined. It was found that DDC did not affect fungal spore germination, and AT partially retarded it. Both compounds were non-toxic to plants and, when applied to the 4th leaf, greatly reduced the disease symptoms on the challenged 5th leaf. The protective action of AT apparently depended on the presence of hydrogen peroxide since the protection was diminished by a scavenger of H2O2 (dimethylthiourea) applied to the same leaf after AT, while exogenous H2O2, applied in place of AT, controlled the disease. Endogenous peroxide might accumulate due to inhibition of CAT that was actually observed in AT-treated leaves. Treatments of the 4th leaf with DDC or AT stimulated superoxide formation in the diffusate of the infected 5th leaf (as against treatment with water) pointing to the possible involvement of ROS in systemic defense responses. The same diffusates had enhanced fungitoxicities, which were reduced when antioxidants were added to the diffusate. Therefore, inhibitors of antioxidant enzymes systemically reduced rice blast, possibly via SAR. Both mechanisms of SAR induction (in the treated leaf) and expression (in the systemically protected leaf) might be mediated by ROS. SN 1021-4437 EI 1608-3407 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 62 IS 5 BP 586 EP 594 DI 10.1134/S1021443715050052 UT WOS:000359738100002 ER PT J AU Schutt, A Blesson, CS Hsu, JW Rydze, RT Valdes, CT Gibbons, WE Jahoor, F Yallampalli, C AF Schutt, A. Blesson, C. S. Hsu, J. W. Rydze, R. T. Valdes, C. T. Gibbons, W. E. Jahoor, F. Yallampalli, C. TI DIETARY ISOCALORIC PROTEIN RESTRICTION ALTERS SINGLE CARBON AMINO ACID METABOLISM IN THE RAT SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY CT 71st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 17-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Soc Reprod Med SN 0015-0282 EI 1556-5653 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 104 IS 3 SU S MA P-50 BP E122 EP E123 UT WOS:000380018900322 ER PT J AU Gao, F Hilker, T Zhu, XL Anderson, MC Masek, JG Wang, PJ Yang, Y AF Gao, Feng Hilker, Thomas Zhu, Xiaolin Anderson, Martha C. Masek, Jeffrey G. Wang, Peijuan Yang, Yun TI Fusing Landsat and MODIS Data for Vegetation Monitoring SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE AB Crop condition and natural vegetation monitoring require high resolution remote sensing imagery in both time and space - a requirement that cannot currently be satisfied by any single Earth observing sensor in isolation. The suite of available remote sensing instruments varies widely in terms of sensor characteristics, spatial resolution and acquisition frequency. For example, the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provides daily global observations at 250m to 1km spatial resolution. While imagery from coarse resolution sensors such as MODIS are typically superior to finer resolution data in terms of their revisit frequency, they lack spatial detail to capture surface features for many applications. The Landsat satellite series provides medium spatial resolution (30m) imagery which is well suited to capturing surface details, but a long revisit cycle (16-day) has limited its use in describing daily surface changes. Data fusion approaches provide an alternative way to utilize observations from multiple sensors so that the fused results can provide higher value than can an individual sensor alone. In this paper, we review the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) and two extended data fusion models (STAARCH and ESTARFM) that have been used to fuse MODIS and Landsat data. The fused MODISLandsat results inherit the spatial details of Landsat (30 m) and the temporal revisit frequency of MODIS (daily). The theoretical basis of the fusion approach is described and recent applications are presented. While these approaches can produce imagery with high spatiotemporal resolution, they still rely on the availability of actual satellite images and the quality of ingested remote sensing products. As a result, data fusion is useful for bridging gaps between medium resolution image acquisitions, but cannot replace actual satellite missions. RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Zhu, Xiaolin/K-8175-2012 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Zhu, Xiaolin/0000-0001-6967-786X SN 2168-6831 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 3 IS 3 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1109/MGRS.2015.2434351 UT WOS:000390004300006 ER PT J AU Skog, KE Wegner, TH Bilek, EM Michler, CH AF Skog, Kenneth E. Wegner, Theodore H. Bilek, E. M. (Ted) Michler, Charles H. TI Desirable properties of wood for sustainable development in the twenty-first century SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE SN 1286-4560 EI 1297-966X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1007/s13595-014-0406-0 UT WOS:000358963200002 ER PT J AU Jara, MC Henry, M Rejou-Mechain, M Wayson, C Zapata-Cuartas, M Piotto, D Guier, FA Lombis, HC Lopez, EC Lara, RC Rojas, KC Pasquel, JD Montoya, AD Vega, JF Galo, AJ Lopez, OR Marklund, LG Fuentes, JMM Milla, F Chaidez, JDN Malavassi, EO Perez, J Zea, CR Garcia, LR Pons, RR Saint-Andre, L Sanquetta, C Scott, C Westfall, J AF Cifuentes Jara, Miguel Henry, Matieu Rejou-Mechain, Maxime Wayson, Craig Zapata-Cuartas, Mauricio Piotto, Daniel Alice Guier, Federico Castaneda Lombis, Hector Castellanos Lopez, Edwin Cuenca Lara, Ruby Cueva Rojas, Kelvin Del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon Duque Montoya, Alvaro Fernandez Vega, Javier Jimenez Galo, Abner Lopez, Omar R. Gunnar Marklund, Lars Michel Fuentes, Jose Mara Milla, Fabian Navar Chaidez, Jose de Jesus Ortiz Malavassi, Edgar Perez, Johnny Ramirez Zea, Carla Rangel Garcia, Luis Rubilar Pons, Rafael Saint-Andre, Laurent Sanquetta, Carlos Scott, Charles Westfall, James TI Guidelines for documenting and reporting tree allometric equations SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE RI Piotto, Daniel/F-9956-2012; OI Piotto, Daniel/0000-0002-6505-0098; Jimenez, Abner/0000-0002-2310-5177 SN 1286-4560 EI 1297-966X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 763 EP 768 DI 10.1007/s13595-014-0415-z UT WOS:000358963200011 ER PT J AU Henry, M Jara, MC Rejou-Mechain, M Piotto, D Fuentes, JMM Wayson, C Guier, FA Lombis, HC Lopez, EC Lara, RC Rojas, KC Pasquel, JD Montoya, AD Vega, JF Galo, AJ Lopez, OR Marklund, LG Milla, F Cahidez, JDN Malavassi, EO Perez, J Zea, CR Garcia, LR Pons, RR Sanquetta, C Scott, C Westfall, J Zapata-Cuartas, M Saint-Andre, L AF Henry, Matieu Cifuentes Jara, Miguel Rejou-Mechain, Maxime Piotto, Daniel Michel Fuentes, Jose Mara Wayson, Craig Alice Guier, Federico Lombis, Hector Castaneda Castellanos Lopez, Edwin Cuenca Lara, Ruby Cueva Rojas, Kelvin Del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon Duque Montoya, Alvaro Fernandez Vega, Javier Galo, Abner Jimenez Lopez, Omar R. Gunnar Marklund, Lars Milla, Fabian Navar Cahidez, Jose de Jesus Ortiz Malavassi, Edgar Perez, Johnny Ramirez Zea, Carla Rangel Garcia, Luis Rubilar Pons, Rafael Sanquetta, Carlos Scott, Charles Westfall, James Zapata-Cuartas, Mauricio Saint-Andre, Laurent TI Recommendations for the use of tree models to estimate national forest biomass and assess their uncertainty SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE AB Three options are proposed to improve the accuracy of national forest biomass estimates and decrease the uncertainty related to tree model selection depending on available data and national contexts. Different tree volume and biomass equations result in different estimates. At national scale, differences of estimates can be important while they constitute the basis to guide policies and measures, particularly in the context of climate change mitigation. Few countries have developed national tree volume and biomass equation databases and have explored its potential to decrease uncertainty of volume and biomasttags estimates. With the launch of the GlobAllomeTree webplatform, most countries in the world could have access to country-specific databases. The aim of this article is to recommend approaches for assessing tree and forest volume and biomass at national level with the lowest uncertainty. The article highlights the crucial need to link allometric equation development with national forest inventory planning efforts. Models must represent the tree population considered. Data availability; technical, financial, and human capacities; and biophysical context, among other factors, will influence the calculation process. Three options are proposed to improve accuracy of national forest assessment depending on identified contexts. Further improvements could be obtained through improved forest stratification and additional non-destructive field campaigns. RI Piotto, Daniel/F-9956-2012; Cifuentes Jara, Miguel/P-4895-2016; OI Piotto, Daniel/0000-0002-6505-0098; Cifuentes Jara, Miguel/0000-0002-6560-947X; Jimenez, Abner/0000-0002-2310-5177 SN 1286-4560 EI 1297-966X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 769 EP 777 DI 10.1007/s13595-015-0465-x UT WOS:000358963200012 ER PT J AU Henry, M Rejou-Mechain, M Jara, MC Wayson, C Piotto, D Westfall, J Fuentes, JMM Guier, FA Lombis, HC Lopez, EC Lara, RC Rojas, KC Pasquel, JD Montoya, AD Vega, JF Galo, AJ Lopez, OR Marklund, LG Milla, F Cahidez, JDN Malavassi, EO Perez, J Zea, CR Garcia, LR Pons, RR Sanquetta, C Scott, C Zapata-Cuartas, M Saint-Andre, L AF Henry, Matieu Rejou-Mechain, Maxime Cifuentes Jara, Miguel Wayson, Craig Piotto, Daniel Westfall, James Michel Fuentes, Jose Maria Alice Guier, Federico Castaeda Lombis, Hector Castellanos Lopez, Edwin Cuenca Lara, Ruby Cueva Rojas, Kelvin Del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon Duque Montoya, Alvaro Fernandez Vega, Javier Jimenez Galo, Abner Lopez, Omar R. Gunnar Marklund, Lars Milla, Fabian Navar Cahidez, Jose De Jesus Ortiz Malavassi, Edgar Perez, Johnny Ramirez Zea, Carla Rangel Garcia, Luis Rubilar Pons, Rafael Sanquetta, Carlos Scott, Charles Zapata-Cuartas, Mauricio Saint-Andre, Laurent TI An overview of existing and promising technologies for national forest monitoring SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE RI Piotto, Daniel/F-9956-2012 OI Piotto, Daniel/0000-0002-6505-0098 SN 1286-4560 EI 1297-966X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 779 EP 788 DI 10.1007/s13595-015-0463-z UT WOS:000358963200013 ER PT J AU Jara, MC Henry, M Mechain, MR Lopez, OR Wayson, C Fuentes, JMM Castellanos, E Zapata-Cuartas, M Piotto, D Guier, FA Lombis, HC Lara, RC Rojas, KC Pasquel, JD Montoya, AD Vega, JF Galo, AJ Marklund, LG Milla, F Chaidez, JDN Malavassi, EO Perez, J Zea, CR Garcia, LR Pons, RR Saint-Andre, L Sanquetta, C Scott, C Westfall, J AF Cifuentes Jara, Miguel Henry, Matieu Mechain, Maxime Rejou Lopez, Omar R. Wayson, Craig Michel Fuentes, Jose Maria Castellanos, Edwin Zapata-Cuartas, Mauricio Piotto, Daniel Alice Guier, Federico Castaeda Lombis, Hector Cuenca Lara, Ruby Cueva Rojas, Kelvin del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon Duque Montoya, Alvaro Fernandez Vega, Javier Jimenez Galo, Abner Gunnar Marklund, Lars Milla, Fabian Navar Chaidez, Jose de Jesus Malavassi, Edgar Ortiz Perez, Johnny Ramirez Zea, Carla Rangel Garcia, Luis Rubilar Pons, Rafael Saint-Andre, Laurent Sanquetta, Carlos Scott, Charles Westfall, James TI Overcoming obstacles to sharing data on tree allometric equations SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE RI Piotto, Daniel/F-9956-2012; OI Piotto, Daniel/0000-0002-6505-0098; Jimenez, Abner/0000-0002-2310-5177 SN 1286-4560 EI 1297-966X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 789 EP 794 DI 10.1007/s13595-015-0467-8 UT WOS:000358963200014 ER PT J AU Wayson, CA Johnson, KD Cole, JA Olguin, MI Carrillo, OI Birdsey, RA AF Wayson, Craig A. Johnson, Kris D. Cole, Jason A. Olguin, Marcela I. Carrillo, Oswaldo I. Birdsey, Richard A. TI Estimating uncertainty of allometric biomass equations with incomplete fit error information using a pseudo-data approach: methods SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE AB Knowing the uncertainty for biomass equations is critical for their use and error propagation of biomass estimates. Presented here is a method to estimate uncertainty for equations where only n and R (2) values from the original equations are available. Tree allometric equations form the basis of research and assessments of forest biomass. Frequently, uncertainty estimations do not propagate errors from these equations since the necessary information about sampling and tree measurements is not included in the original publication. Many biomass studies were conducted decades ago and the original, raw data is unavailable. Because of this information deficiency, and to improve error estimates in applications, a system to estimate the error structures of such equations is presented. A pseudo-data approach involving the creation of possible (pseudo) data using only R (2) and n with a simple Monte-Carlo process generates probable error structures that can be used to propagate errors. In a test of five different species with varying n input data and population variability, the original error structures were successfully recreated. This method of creating pseudo-data is simple and extensible and requires commonly published information about the original dataset. The method can be employed to create new ecosystem-level equations from species-specific equations, implemented in systems to select allometric equations to reduce uncertainty, and aid in the design of large-scale campaigns to generate new allometric equations for improving local to national scale estimates of forest biomass. The R code will be made freely available to anyone upon request to the authors. SN 1286-4560 EI 1297-966X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 825 EP 834 DI 10.1007/s13595-014-0436-7 UT WOS:000358963200017 ER PT J AU Watson, A Martin, S Christensen, N Fauth, G Williams, D AF Watson, Alan Martin, Steve Christensen, Neal Fauth, Gregg Williams, Dan TI The Relationship Between Perceptions of Wilderness Character and Attitudes Toward Management Intervention to Adapt Biophysical Resources to a Changing Climate and Nature Restoration at Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB In a recent national survey of federal wilderness managers, respondents identified the high priority need for scientific information about public attitudes toward biophysical intervention to adapt to climate change and attitudes of the public toward restoration of natural conditions. In a survey of visitors to one National Park wilderness in California, visitors revealed that they largely do not support biophysical intervention in wilderness to mitigate the effects of climate change, but broad support for activities that restore natural conditions exists. In an attempt to understand how these attitudes vary among visitors, it was found that those visitors who most value naturalness aspects of wilderness character also most positively support restoration and are most negative toward climate change intervention practices. More information about visitor-defined wilderness character attributes is needed and strategic planning to guide intervention decisions and restoration should be a priority. In this study, it was found that wilderness character is largely defined by visitors based on its wildness attributes, which include natural sounds, low density of people, pure water, clean air, and the presence of humans substantially unnoticeable. SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 56 IS 3 BP 653 EP 663 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0519-8 UT WOS:000359161900007 PM 25910871 ER PT J AU Zhou, XL Han, DJ Chen, XM Mu, JM Xue, WB Zeng, QD Wang, QL Huang, LL Kang, ZS AF Zhou, X. L. Han, D. J. Chen, X. M. Mu, J. M. Xue, W. B. Zeng, Q. D. Wang, Q. L. Huang, L. L. Kang, Z. S. TI QTL mapping of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in wheat line P9897 SO EUPHYTICA AB Stripe rust (or yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating fungal disease of common wheat. Wheat line P9897 showed adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust for several years. To map resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL), F-2:3 lines from a cross of P9897 with susceptible Mingxiang 169 were phenotyped for stripe rust response in replicated field trials in 2013. Resistance gene analog polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers were used to identify markers linked to the resistance QTL. Two QTL, QYr.nafu-2BL and QYr.nafu-3BS conferring APR to stripe rust, were mapped to 8.8 and 3.3 cM intervals on chromosome 2BL and 3BL, respectively. QYr.nafu-2BL is likely a new APR gene for resistance to stripe rust, and QYr.nafu-3BS is likely the same locus as previously identified QYr.uga-3BS.1. These QTL with linked markers could be used in developing wheat cultivars with stripe rust resistance. SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 205 IS 1 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s10681-015-1447-7 UT WOS:000358801000019 ER PT J AU Chen, CX Bock, CH Hotchkiss, MH Garbelotto, MM Cottrell, TE AF Chen, Chunxian Bock, Clive H. Hotchkiss, Mike H. Garbelotto, Matteo M. Cottrell, Ted E. TI Observation and identification of wood decay fungi from the heartwood of peach tree limbs in central Georgia, USA SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY AB Peach tree health, longevity, and limb strength can be affected by wood decay fungi, but the extent of the colonization and their identities have not been characterized in Georgia, United States of America. In an incubation experiment, dense white fungal mycelium grew on the cross-cut faces of asymptomatic limb sections sampled from peach scion cultivars, but no mycelium grew on those from rootstock cultivars. Among the scion cultivars, a Chi-square analysis indicated significant differences in the incidence of colonization. A dissection of six broken peach tree scaffold limbs showed symptoms of colonization along the entire length of the limbs. Only 41 % of primary branches had symptoms of wood decay, but no secondary branches appeared to have symptoms. Next generation sequencing (NGS) and metagenomic analysis of a combined DNA sample revealed the contigs were aligned to sequences of Trametes versicolor and/or Schizophyllum commune, suggesting these two white-rot fungi were present in the sample tested. Sanger sequencing confirmed two fragments of the same size but distinct nucleotide peak intensities were amplified from the sample used for NGS by two pairs of primers, providing supporting evidence that the two fungi were in the bulk sample but might differ in abundance or incidence. Subsequent multiplexing polymerase chain reaction diagnostics of ten scion samples confirmed the dominance of Trametes spp. (all ten samples), although Stereum spp. (five samples), Schizophyllum spp. (three samples) and Hericium spp, (one sample) were sometimes found coexisting with Trametes spp. Future research needs on this peach-fungus association are discussed. SN 0929-1873 EI 1573-8469 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 143 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s10658-015-0661-4 UT WOS:000359266000002 ER PT J AU Quito-Avila, DF Alvarez, RA Ibarra, MA Martin, RR AF Quito-Avila, D. F. Alvarez, R. A. Ibarra, M. A. Martin, R. R. TI Detection and partial genome sequence of a new umbra-like virus of papaya discovered in Ecuador SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY AB Sequencing of cDNA synthesized from double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from papaya leaves revealed the presence of a putative new virus with homology to genomes of several members of the genus Umbravirus. A wide survey showed that the virus was present in two out of three papaya producing provinces in Ecuador included in this study. The virus was found in up to 31 % of symptomatic trees co-infected with Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) compared to 2 % in symptomless PRSV-free plants. Mechanical and aphid inoculations failed to transmit the virus under controlled conditions. The virus was not transmitted through seeds. The presence of a luteovirus, commonly associated with umbraviruses, was not confirmed in plants infected with the new virus using universal luteovirus primers. SN 0929-1873 EI 1573-8469 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 143 IS 1 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s10658-015-0675-y UT WOS:000359266000016 ER PT J AU Gomez-Chiarri, M Warren, WC Guo, XM Proestou, D AF Gomez-Chiarri, Marta Warren, Wesley C. Guo, Ximing Proestou, Dina TI Developing tools for the study of molluscan immunity: The sequencing of the genome of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY AB The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, provides important ecological and economical services, making it the target of restoration projects and supporting a significant fishery/aquaculture industry with landings valued at more than $100 million in 2012 in the United States of America. Due to the impact of infectious diseases on wild, restored, and cultured populations, the eastern oyster has been the focus of studies on host pathogen interactions and immunity, as well as the target of selective breeding efforts for disease resistant oyster lines. Despite these efforts, relatively little is known about the genetic basis of resistance to diseases or environmental stress, not only in eastern oyster, but also in other molluscan species of commercial interest worldwide. In order to develop tools and resources to assist in the elucidation of the genomic basis of traits of commercial, biological, and ecological interest in oysters, a team of genome and bioinformatics experts, in collaboration with the oyster research community, is sequencing, assembling, and annotating the first reference genome for the eastern oyster and producing an exhaustive transcriptome from a variety of oyster developmental stages and tissues in response to a diverse set of environmentally-relevant stimuli. These transcriptomes and reference genome for the eastern oyster, added to the already available genome and transcriptomes for the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and other bivalve species, will be an essential resource for the discovery of candidate genes and markers associated with traits of commercial, biological, and ecologic importance in bivalve molluscs, including those related to host pathogen interactions and immunity. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 46 IS 1 SI SI BP 2 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.004 UT WOS:000358805300002 PM 25982405 ER PT J AU Terio, V Bottaro, M Di Pinto, A Catella, C Chironna, M Bozzo, G Kingsley, DH Bonerba, E Morea, A Martella, V AF Terio, V. Bottaro, M. Di Pinto, A. Catella, C. Chironna, M. Bozzo, G. Kingsley, D. H. Bonerba, E. Morea, A. Martella, V. TI Outbreak of Hepatitis A in Italy Associated with Frozen Redcurrants Imported from Poland: A Case Study SO FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY AB Hepatitis A virus (HAV) was detected in a batch of imported non-packaged frozen redcurrants purchased in a Bari grocery. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed the HAV strain clustered tightly with the HAV strain from the 2013 Italian epidemic, providing additional evidence that frozen redcurrants were the main vehicle of the HAV outbreak. RI Martella, Vito/K-3146-2016; OI Martella, Vito/0000-0002-5740-6947; Terio, Valentina/0000-0002-8908-6749; BONERBA, ELISABETTA/0000-0002-9462-7183; Di Pinto, Angela/0000-0001-7755-9724; chironna, maria/0000-0002-1043-1256; Bottaro, Marilisa/0000-0002-5996-1303; Bozzo, Giancarlo/0000-0002-1225-0205 SN 1867-0334 EI 1867-0342 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s12560-015-9199-z UT WOS:000359272600014 PM 26001535 ER PT J AU Monteiro, T Alvares, CA Stott, DE da Silva, AM AF Monteiro, T. Alvares, C. A. Stott, D. E. da Silva, A. M. TI Phytogeographic retrospective in ecotonal areas guided by soil attributes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB Re-establishing deforested ecosystems to pre-settlement vegetation is difficult, especially in ecotonal areas, due to lack of knowledge about the original physiognomy. Our objective was to use a soils database that included chemical and physical parameters to distinguish soil samples of forest from those of savannah sites in a municipality located in the southeastern Brazil region. Discriminant analysis (DA) was used to determine the original biome vegetation (forest or savannah) in ecotone regions that have been converted to pasture and are degraded. First, soils of pristine forest and savannah sites were tested, resulting in a reference database to compare to the degraded soils. Although the data presented, in general had a high level of similarity among the two biomes, some differences occurred that were sufficient for DA to distinguish the sites and classify the soil samples taken from grassy areas into forest or savannah. The soils from pastured areas presented quality worse than the soils of the pristine areas. Through DA analysis we observed that, from seven soil samples collected from grassy areas, five were most likely originally forest biome and two were savannah, ratified by a complementary cluster analysis carried out with the database of these samples. The model here proposed is pioneer. However, the users should keep in mind that using this technology, i.e., establishing a regional-level database of soil features, using soil samples collected both from pristine and degraded areas is critical for success of the project, especially because of the ecological and regional particularities of each biome. SN 1735-1472 EI 1735-2630 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 12 IS 9 BP 2829 EP 2840 DI 10.1007/s13762-014-0684-y UT WOS:000358964200007 ER PT J AU Breksa, AP Robertson, LD Labate, JA King, BA King, DE AF Breksa, Andrew P., III Robertson, Larry D. Labate, Joanne A. King, Benjamin A. King, Darwin E. TI Physicochemical and morphological analysis of ten tomato varieties identifies quality traits more readily manipulated through breeding and traditional selection methods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS AB Fresh and processed tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L) are an important source of nutrients in contemporary diets due to their high consumption. Efforts to characterize tomato varieties have traditionally emphasized morphological traits. Consumer demand for enhanced nutritive value now requires that these traits also be included in crop improvement. A diverse set of ten historic USA tomato varieties were characterized using samples from replicated field trials across two environments. The majority (45) of the 52 fruit morphological and quality traits measured in this study showed significant genotypic differences. Based on proportion of variance explained by genotype, maximum height to maximum width ratio (fruit shape index external I, 0.95), red color (a*, 0.77) and Brix:total titratable acids (TA) ratio (Brix:TA, 0.61) were identified as traits that would be more readily manipulated through breeding and traditional selection methods. Brix and TA measurements were significantly correlated with their respective HPLC determinations, i.e. Brix and glucose (r(2) = 0.87, P < 0.0001), Brix and fructose (r(2) = 0.93, P < 0.0001), TA and citric acid (r(2) = 0.88, P < 0.0001), TA and malic acid (r(2) = 0.49, P < 0.03), suggesting that technically simpler methods are sufficient for characterizing large sample sets. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 0889-1575 EI 1096-0481 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 42 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.02.011 UT WOS:000359026700003 ER PT J AU Finotti, E Bersani, E Del Prete, E Friedman, M AF Finotti, Enrico Bersani, Enrico Del Prete, Ernesto Friedman, Mendel TI Application of a functional mathematical index (FMI) for predicting effects of the composition of jujube fruit on nutritional quality and health SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS AB In the present study, we extend the concept of a functional mathematical index (FMI), introduced in previous publications, for the assessment and prediction of food quality and safety of jujube fruit, a medicinal food widely consumed in Asian countries. In this study the index has been applied to one field-grown jujube fruit harvested at eight stages of maturity and three commercial Korean jujube cultivars. The index allows quantitative evaluation of nutritional, health-promoting, and safety aspects based on reported essential amino acid and phenolic content and antioxidative and cancer-cell-inhibiting activities of the test substances. For example, the FMI values for the antioxidative capacities ranged from 0.36 to 0.87 and for the inhibition normal and cancer cells from 0.35 to 0.86, suggesting that consumers have a choice of selecting growth (maturity) stages of jujube fruit with optimum beneficial properties. The use of specific performance FMI values seems to be a better tool for predicting relative beneficial and adverse effects than prediction on the basis of concentrations of the nutritional and bioactive compounds. The FMI approach, that numerically scores compositional, nutritional, and health-related aspects of food, complements but does not replace standard statistical analysis of the original compositional analytical data from which this value is derived. The method can be used to detect critical points during growth and processing of food that make it possible to optimize nutritional and health benefits. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 SN 0889-1575 EI 1096-0481 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 42 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.03.003 UT WOS:000359026700020 ER PT J AU Ghanbarian, B Taslimitehrani, V Dong, GZ Pachepsky, YA AF Ghanbarian, Behzad Taslimitehrani, Vahid Dong, Guozhu Pachepsky, Yakov A. TI Sample dimensions effect on prediction of soil water retention curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY AB Soil water retention curve (SWRC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC) are key hydraulic properties for unsaturated zone hydrology and groundwater. Not only the SWRC and SHC measurements are time-consuming, but also their results are scale dependent. Although prediction of the SWRC and SHC from available parameters, such as textural data, organic matter, and bulk density have been under investigation for decades, up to now no research has focused on the effect of sample dimensions on the soil hydraulic properties pedotransfer functions development. The main purpose here is investigating sample internal diameter and height (or length) effects on the prediction of the soil water retention curve and the saturated hydraulic conductivity: We, therefore, develop pedotransfer functions using a novel approach called contrast pattern aided regression (CPXR) and consider the sample dimensions as input variables. Two datasets including 210 and 213 soil samples with known sample dimensions were extracted from the UNSODA database to develop and evaluate pedotransfer functions for the SWRC and SHC, respectively. The 10-fold cross-validation method is applied to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed regression-based models. Our results show that including sample dimensions, such as sample internal diameter and height (or length) could substantially improve the accuracy of the SWRC and SHC pedotransfer functions developed using the CPXR method. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 528 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.024 UT WOS:000358968200012 ER PT J AU Vereecken, NJ Dorchin, A Dafni, A AF Vereecken, Nicolas J. Dorchin, Achik Dafni, Amots TI Reply to Lavi & Sapir (2015): floral colour and pollinator-mediated selection in Oncocyclus irises (Iridaceae) SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 207 IS 4 BP 948 EP 949 DI 10.1111/nph.13390 UT WOS:000358965800004 PM 25772185 ER PT J AU Bennett, MM Cook, KM Rinehart, JP Yocum, GD Kemp, WP Greenlee, KJ AF Bennett, Meghan M. Cook, Keeley M. Rinehart, Joseph P. Yocum, George D. Kemp, William P. Greenlee, Kendra J. TI Exposure to Suboptimal Temperatures during Metamorphosis Reveals a Critical Developmental Window in the Solitary Bee, Megachile rotundata SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY AB Metamorphosis is an important developmental stage for holometabolous insects, during which adult morphology and physiology are established. Proper development relies on optimal body temperatures, and natural ambient temperature (T-a) fluctuations, especially in spring or in northern latitudes, could result in interruptions to development. It is unclear how low-T-a exposure may affect insects that are actively developing. To understand how suboptimal T-a may affect metamorphosing insects, we used the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (Fabricius), a solitary, cavity-nesting bee that spends its juvenile and pupal stages within a brood cell. We characterized suites of physiological traits, rather than just using a singular parameter to determine effects of sublethal T-a stress. Metamorphosing M. rotundata were exposed to either constant or fluctuating low-T-a stress and compared to control bees allowed to develop normally. All bees survived and emerged as adults, but the constant low-T-a-stressed bees were affected most severely. Male constant low-T-a-stressed bees had decreased flight performance (lower metabolic rate, shorter flight bouts, decreased wing length), suggesting that the stress altered muscular or neurological development. Constant low-T-a-stressed bees also had altered activity levels, providing more support for the hypothesis that low-T-a stress causes long-term neurological defects. Exposure to fluctuating low T-a also delayed development time for both sexes; males had decreased adult life span, and both sexes had shortened wings. Together, these results provide evidence for a critical developmental window during metamorphosis and suggest that there may be severe implications for bees in the wild that are exposed to low-T-a stressors. SN 1522-2152 EI 1537-5293 PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 88 IS 5 BP 508 EP 520 DI 10.1086/682024 UT WOS:000359247700005 PM 26658248 ER PT J AU Choi, MY Vander Meer, RK AF Choi, Man-Yeon Vander Meer, Robert K. TI Multiple functions of fire ant Solenopsis invicta mandibular gland products SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY AB Alarm pheromones of social insects are best known for their role in the defence and maintenance of colony integrity. Previous studies with the fire ant Solenopsis invictaBuren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) demonstrate that the mandibular glands of workers (sterile females) and male and female sexuals produce an alarm pheromone, 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine. The function of alarm pheromones in worker ants is well understood and divergent from the function of these compounds in the winged sexual forms. The present study quantifies the amount of pyrazine in the mandibular glands from male and female alate sexuals, as well as queens. Pyrazine production in female alates starts in the late pupal stage and increases until they reach mating flight-ready maturity; however, after mating flight participation, the pyrazine level declines by >50%. Interestingly, mature male alates lose >85% of their mandibular gland pyrazine during mating flight activity. The results of the present study indicate that male and female sexuals use mandibular gland secretions for mating flight initiation and during mating flights. Furthermore, the ontogeny of mandibular gland products (pyrazine as the marker) from newly-mated queens to mature colony queens shows a more than two-fold increase in the amount of pyrazine by 6months after mating. However, this is followed by a decline to trace amounts in mature colony queens (>2years old), suggesting a function for mandibular gland products during colony development. Multifunctional use of social insect pheromones is well documented and data are reported in the present study suggesting new roles for mandibular gland products in fire ants. SN 0307-6962 EI 1365-3032 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 40 IS 3 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1111/phen.12102 UT WOS:000359065500003 ER PT J AU Aspinwall, MJ Loik, ME de Dios, VR Tjoelker, MG Payton, PR Tissue, DT AF Aspinwall, Michael J. Loik, Michael E. Resco de Dios, Victor Tjoelker, Mark G. Payton, Paxton R. Tissue, David T. TI Utilizing intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity to bolster agricultural and forest productivity under climate change SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT AB Climate change threatens the ability of agriculture and forestry to meet growing global demands for food, fibre and wood products. Information gathered from genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE), which demonstrate intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity (the ability of a genotype to alter its phenotype in response to environmental change), may prove important for bolstering agricultural and forest productivity under climate change. Nonetheless, very few studies have explicitly quantified genotype plasticity-productivity relationships in agriculture or forestry. Here, we conceptualize the importance of intraspecific variation in agricultural and forest species plasticity, and discuss the physiological and genetic factors contributing to intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity. Our discussion highlights the need for an integrated understanding of the mechanisms of GxE, more extensive assessments of genotypic responses to climate change under field conditions, and explicit testing of genotype plasticity-productivity relationships. Ultimately, further investigation of intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity in agriculture and forestry may prove important for identifying genotypes capable of increasing or sustaining productivity under more extreme climatic conditions. Information gathered from genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE), which demonstrate intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity, may prove important for bolstering agricultural and forest productivity under climate change. We conceptualize the importance of intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity in the context of agriculture and forestry, and discuss the physiological and genetic factors influencing plasticity differences among genotypes. Our assessment reveals the need for an integrated understanding of the mechanisms of GxE, and more extensive assessments of intraspecific variation in agricultural and forest species responses to climate change under field conditions. RI Tjoelker, Mark/M-2413-2016; Resco de Dios, Victor/G-5555-2014; Tissue, David/H-6596-2015 OI Tjoelker, Mark/0000-0003-4607-5238; Resco de Dios, Victor/0000-0002-5721-1656; Tissue, David/0000-0002-8497-2047 SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 9 SI SI BP 1752 EP 1764 DI 10.1111/pce.12424 UT WOS:000359371800007 PM 25132508 ER PT J AU Bishop, KA Betzelberger, AM Long, SP Ainsworth, EA AF Bishop, Kristen A. Betzelberger, Amy M. Long, Stephen P. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. TI Is there potential to adapt soybean (Glycine maxMerr.) to future [CO2]? An analysis of the yield response of 18 genotypes in free-air CO2 enrichment SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT AB Rising atmospheric [CO2] is a uniform, global change that increases C-3 photosynthesis and could offset some of the negative effects of global climate change on crop yields. Genetic variation in yield responsiveness to rising [CO2] would provide an opportunity to breed more responsive crop genotypes. A multi-year study of 18 soybean (Glycine maxMerr.) genotypes was carried out to identify variation in responsiveness to season-long elevated [CO2] (550ppm) under fully open-air replicated field conditions. On average across 18 genotypes, elevated [CO2] stimulated total above-ground biomass by 22%, but seed yield by only 9%, in part because most genotypes showed a reduction in partitioning of energy to seeds. Over four years of study, there was consistency from year to year in the genotypes that were most and least responsive to elevated [CO2], suggesting heritability of CO2 response. Further analysis of six genotypes did not reveal a photosynthetic basis for the variation in yield response. Although partitioning to seed was decreased, cultivars with the highest partitioning coefficient in current [CO2] also had the highest partitioning coefficient in elevated [CO2]. The results show the existence of genetic variation in soybean response to elevated [CO2], which is needed to breed soybean to the future atmospheric environment. This study investigated the response of 18 soybean varieties to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) in the field. There was variation in the response of seed yield in the genotypes, ranging from no stimulation to a 22% increase in yield, and consistency from year to year in the varieties that were the most and least responsive to elevated [CO2]. Results support the potential to breed crops for enhanced CO2 response. OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 9 SI SI BP 1765 EP 1774 DI 10.1111/pce.12443 UT WOS:000359371800008 PM 25211487 ER PT J AU Bagley, JE Miller, J Bernacchi, CJ AF Bagley, Justin E. Miller, Jesse Bernacchi, Carl J. TI Biophysical impacts of climate-smart agriculture in the Midwest United States SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT AB The potential impacts of climate change in the Midwest United States present unprecedented challenges to regional agriculture. In response to these challenges, a variety of climate-smart agricultural methodologies have been proposed to retain or improve crop yields, reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, retain soil quality and increase climate resilience of agricultural systems. One component that is commonly neglected when assessing the environmental impacts of climate-smart agriculture is the biophysical impacts, where changes in ecosystem fluxes and storage of moisture and energy lead to perturbations in local climate and water availability. Using a combination of observational data and an agroecosystem model, a series of climate-smart agricultural scenarios were assessed to determine the biophysical impacts these techniques have in the Midwest United States. The first scenario extended the growing season for existing crops using future temperature and CO2 concentrations. The second scenario examined the biophysical impacts of no-till agriculture and the impacts of annually retaining crop debris. Finally, the third scenario evaluated the potential impacts that the adoption of perennial cultivars had on biophysical quantities. Each of these scenarios was found to have significant biophysical impacts. However, the timing and magnitude of the biophysical impacts differed between scenarios. This study assessed the biophysical impacts of several climate-smart agricultural practices in the Midwest United States. Specifically we investigated the biophysical impacts of adapting crops to extended growing season length, expanding no-till agriculture, and the adoption of perennial cultivars. We found that each of these practices had significant biophysical impacts, but the seasonality and extent of the impacts differed between scenarios. RI Bagley, Justin/I-8019-2016 OI Bagley, Justin/0000-0003-4534-431X SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 9 SI SI BP 1913 EP 1930 DI 10.1111/pce.12485 UT WOS:000359371800018 PM 25393245 ER PT J AU Saito, EK Shea, S Jones, A Ramos, G Pitesky, M AF Saito, Emi K. Shea, Supie Jones, Annette Ramos, Gregory Pitesky, Maurice TI A cooperative approach to animal disease response activities: Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and vvIBD in California poultry SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE AB Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDv) was first detected in the United States at the end of 2008. Since its detection, Federal and State animal health officials, the poultry industry and the research/academic community have led response activities through a collaborative effort. By June 2011, much still remained unknown regarding the basic epidemiology and ecology of vvIBD in California, although there were a number of potential activities to fill this information gap. Available resources limited the ability to pursue all the activities, and responsible parties and stakeholders recognized the need to prioritize the activities. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a useful multi-criteria decision making methodology that incorporates qualitative information (in the form of judgments) with available quantitative information. This is especially useful when there is very limited quantitative information, such as in the situation with vvIBD in California. A commercial package that allows ready use of the AHP model was utilized for prioritizing activities, incorporating input from members from the three stakeholder groups: State and Federal animal health officials, poultry industry, and research/academia. Based on their inputs on 17 potential activities, the participants identified three priority activities; specifically determination of risk factors for re-emergence or re-introduction at affected premises, development of a laboratory diagnostic test to screen for segment B of the vvIBDV genome and surveillance of other potential reservoirs (mealworms, rodents, beetles). In order to evaluate the ability of the AHP to respond to differences, a sensitivity analysis was done in order to evaluate changes in prioritization of activities. Changes in prioritization were noted demonstrating the plasticity of the model under different conditions. However, a 50% increase or decrease in weighting was necessary to affect the order of the three highest scoring activities. The use of a tool such as the AHP enables the development of a transparent, repeatable and flexible decision process, which can be useful in certain animal health response situations including the re-emergence of a previously eliminated disease or the introduction of a foreign animal disease (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0167-5877 EI 1873-1716 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 121 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.06.001 UT WOS:000359173600015 PM 26113122 ER PT J AU Lavelle, MJ Campa, H LeDoux, K Ryan, PJ Fischer, JW Pepin, KM Blass, CR Glow, MP Hygnstrom, SE VerCauteren, KC AF Lavelle, Michael J. Campa, Henry, III LeDoux, Kyle Ryan, Patrick J. Fischer, Justin W. Pepin, Kim M. Blass, Chad R. Glow, Michael P. Hygnstrom, Scott E. VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Deer response to exclusion from stored cattle feed in Michigan, USA SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE AB Disease and damage from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) continually threaten the livelihood of agricultural producers and the economy in the United States, as well as challenge state and federal wildlife managers. Threats can be partially addressed by excluding free-ranging deer from livestock-related resources. Throughout the year, use of stored livestock feed by deer in northern Lower Michigan (MI), USA fluctuates, though their presence is relatively consistent. Since 2008, use of livestock areas and resources by deer has been reduced through intensive efforts by livestock producers in cooperation with state and federal agencies. These efforts focused on excluding deer from stored cattle feed in areas where deer were abundant. We monitored deer activity from Jan 2012 to June 2013 on 6 cattle farms in northern MI using GPS collars to evaluate behavioral effects of excluding deer from stored feed. We characterized areas deer occupied before and after installing 2361 m of fences and gates to exclude deer from stored cattle feed. Following fence installation, 9 deer previously accessing stored feed shifted to patterns of habitat use similar to 5 deer that did not use stored feed. However, continued attempts to regain access to stored feed were made at low frequencies, emphasizing the need to maintain the integrity of fences and keep gates closed for damage prevention and biosecurity. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0167-5877 EI 1873-1716 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 121 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.06.015 UT WOS:000359173600019 PM 26130505 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Sainz, I Ramanathan, P O'Donnell, V Diaz-San Segundo, F Velazquez-Salinas, L Sturza, DF Zhu, J de los Santos, T Borca, MV AF Fernandez-Sainz, I. Ramanathan, P. O'Donnell, V. Diaz-San Segundo, F. Velazquez-Salinas, L. Sturza, D. F. Zhu, J. de los Santos, T. Borca, M. V. TI Treatment with interferon-alpha delays disease in swine infected with a highly virulent CSFV strain SO VIROLOGY AB Interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) can effectively inhibit or abort a viral infection within the host. It has been reported that IFN induction and production is hindered during classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection. Most of those studies have been performed in vitro, making it difficult to elucidate the actual role of IFNs during CSFV infection in swine. Here, we report the effect of IFN alpha treatment (delivered by a replication defective recombinant human adenovirus type 5, Ad5) in swine experimentally infected with highly virulent CSFV strain Brescia. Treatment with two different subtypes of IFN alpha delayed the appearance of CSF-related clinical signs and virus replication although it did not prevent lethal disease. This is the first report describing the effect of IFNa treatment during CSFV infection in swine. Published by Elsevier Inc. RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; Ramanathan, Palaniappan/B-1062-2012; OI Ramanathan, Palaniappan/0000-0001-8121-7647; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 SN 0042-6822 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 483 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2015.04.024 UT WOS:000358976200027 PM 26004252 ER PT J AU Jackson, CR Davis, JA Frye, JG Barrett, JB Hiott, LM AF Jackson, C. R. Davis, J. A. Frye, J. G. Barrett, J. B. Hiott, L. M. TI Diversity of Plasmids and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Companion Animals SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH AB The presence and transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes from commensal bacteria in companion animals to more pathogenic bacteria may contribute to dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance gene content and the presence of genetic elements in antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli from healthy companion animals. In our previous study, from May to August, 2007, healthy companion animals (155 dogs and 121 cats) from three veterinary clinics in the Athens, GA, USA area were sampled and multidrug-resistant E.coli (n=36; MDR, resistance to 2 antimicrobial classes) were obtained. Of the 25 different plasmid replicon types tested by PCR, at least one plasmid replicon type was detected in 94% (34/36) of the MDR E.coli; four isolates contained as many as five different plasmid replicons. Nine replicon types (FIA, FIB, FII, I2, A/C, U, P, I1 and HI2) were identified with FIB, FII, I2 as the most common pattern. The presence of class I integrons (intI) was detected in 61% (22/36) of the isolates with eight isolates containing aminoglycoside- and/or trimethoprim-resistance genes in the variable cassette region of intI. Microarray analysis of a subset of the MDR E.coli (n=9) identified the presence of genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (aac, aad, aph and strA/B), -lactams (ampC, cmy, tem and vim), chloramphenicol (cat), sulfonamides (sulI and sulII), tetracycline [tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D) and regulator, tetR] and trimethoprim (dfrA). Antimicrobial resistance to eight antimicrobials (ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and five plasmid replicons (FIA, FIB, FII, I1 and I2) were transferred via conjugation. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes, intI and transferable plasmid replicons indicate that E.coli from companion animals may play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, particularly to human hosts during contact. OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 SN 1863-1959 EI 1863-2378 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 479 EP 488 DI 10.1111/zph.12178 UT WOS:000359372700008 PM 25653018 ER PT J AU Ifft, J Kuethe, T Morehart, M AF Ifft, Jennifer Kuethe, Todd Morehart, Mitch TI The impact of decoupled payments on US cropland values SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB An extensive literature has shown that various farm programs may influence the value of farmland, but other studies have not examined the cropland price effects of direct, or decoupled, payments separate from countercyclical payments. This study uses nationally representative confidential field-level panel data with farmer-reported per-acre land values. We analyze the impact of decoupled and other farm program payments on farmland values. Using a fixed effects model and controlling for various factors that influence farmland values, we find that an additional dollar of decoupled payments has a large and statistically significant impact on farmland values of about $18 per acre. These results are comparable with similar studies undertaken in Europe. SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 46 IS 5 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1111/agec.12160 UT WOS:000358439900005 ER PT J AU Berner, DK Smallwood, EL Vanrenterghem, M Cavin, CA Michael, JL Shelley, BA Kolomiets, T Pankratova, L Bruckart, WL Mukhina, Z AF Berner, D. K. Smallwood, E. L. Vanrenterghem, M. Cavin, C. A. Michael, J. L. Shelley, B. A. Kolomiets, Tamara Pankratova, Lyubov Bruckart, W. L. Mukhina, Zhanna TI Some dynamics of spread and infection by aeciospores of Puccinia punctiformis, a biological control pathogen of Cirsium arvense SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB Systemic disease of Cirsium arvense caused by Puccinia punctiformis depends on teliospores, from telia that are formed from uredinia, on C. arvense leaves. Uredinia result from infection of the leaves by aeciospores which are one main source of dispersal of the fungus. However, factors governing aeciospore spread, germination, infection, and conversion to uredinia and telia have not been extensively investigated. In this study, effective spread of aeciospores from a source area in a field was fitted to an exponential decline model with a predicted maximum distance of spread of 30 m from the source area to observed uredinia on one leaf of one C arvense shoot. However, the greatest number of shoots bearing leaves with uredinia/telia was observed within 12 m of the source area, and there were no such shoots observed beyond 17 m from the source area. Aeciospore germination under laboratory conditions was low, with a maximum of about 10%. Temperatures between 18 degrees C and 25 degrees C were most favorable for germination with maximum germination at 22 degrees C. Temperature and dew point data collected from the Frederick, MD airport indicated that optimum temperatures for aeciospore germination occurred in late spring from about May 18 to June 20. Dew conditions during this period were favorable for aeciospore germination. A total of 122 lower leaves, 2 per shoot, on 61 C arvense shoots were individually inoculated in a dew tent in a greenhouse by painting suspensions of aeciospores onto the leaves. Of these inoculated leaves, 47 produced uredinia within an average of 21.2 +/- 6.9 days after inoculation. Uredinia were also produced, in the absence of dew, on 17 non-inoculated leaves of 12 shoots. These leaves were up to 4 leaves above leaves on the same shoots that had been individually and separately inoculated. Results of PCR tests for the presence of the fungus in non-inoculated leaves that were not bearing uredinia, showed that 44 leaves above inoculated leaves on 27 shoots were positive for the presence of the fungus. These leaves were up to 5 leaves above inoculated leaves on the same shoot. Uredinia production and positive PCR results on leaves above inoculated leaves on the same shoot indicated that aeciospore infection was weakly systemic. In other tests in which all leaves of plants were spray-inoculated with aeciospores, uredinia were produced by 10 days after inoculation and converted to telia and sole production of teliospores in about 63 days after inoculation. Successful systemic aeciospore infections in late spring would be expected to result in uredinia production in excess of a 1:1 ratio of aeciospore infections to uredinia and ultimately telia production in late summer. In this manner, systemic aeciospore infections would promote increased density of telia that lead to systemic infections of roots in the fall. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 88 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.05.001 UT WOS:000358633600003 ER PT J AU Patt, JM Chow, A Meikle, WG Gracia, C Jackson, MA Flores, D Setamou, M Dunlap, CA Avery, PB Hunter, WB Adamczyk, JJ AF Patt, Joseph M. Chow, Andrew Meikle, William G. Gracia, Carlos Jackson, Mark A. Flores, Daniel Setamou, Mamoudou Dunlap, Christopher A. Avery, Pasco B. Hunter, Wayne B. Adamczyk, John J. TI Efficacy of an autodisseminator of an entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria fumosorosea, to suppress Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, under greenhouse conditions SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB We are developing an autodisseminator ('dispenser') to inoculate Asian citrus psyllid with entomopathogens for the purpose of inducing epizootics in residential trees and abandoned groves, areas where chemical control is problematic. The dispenser prototype consisted of a bright yellow pleated tube coated with a spore formulation made from pulverized cotton burrs and blastospores of Isaria fumosorosea. Adult psyllids were released within an array of dispensers and potted citrus saplings in a greenhouse. After 24 h, they were collected from the foliage, surface sterilized, and placed in an incubator. A mean of 55% of the adults developed mycosis (n = 3 tests), demonstrating that the dispensers could cause primary infection. The potted plants used in the horizontal transmission tests were infested with immature psyllids; 27-35% of which became infected following contact with adults that had visited the dispensers (n = 2 tests). When mycosed adult cadavers with mature conidia were placed near immatures on the potted plants, over 90% of the immatures mycosed, indicating that conidia from the cadavers were highly contagious. On dispensers left in the greenhouse for three weeks, the infectivity of blastospores exposed to direct sunlight decreased by 46% after 7 d and by 60% after 20 d, while infectivity levels remained high in blastospores that were shaded. These results confirmed that that the basic dispenser design was sound with respect to attracting and infecting psyllids. It requires further modification to work effectively under ambient conditions, since exposure to direct sunlight decreased blastospore infectiveness over time. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 88 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.04.014 UT WOS:000358633600005 ER PT J AU Wang, KH Myers, RY Srivastava, A Sipes, BS AF Wang, Koon-Hui Myers, Roxana Y. Srivastava, Akhil Sipes, Brent S. TI Evaluating the predatory potential of carnivorous nematodes against Rotylenchulus reniformis and Meloidogyne incognita SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB Predatory behavior of a nematode is usually determined through gut content observation or prey delimitation counts. In this experiment, Mononchus and Neoactinolaimus predation of Rotylenchulus reniformis or Meloidogyne incognita was determined using a PCR-based nematode gut content analysis. Soil samples naturally infested with Mononchus were placed in tubes and potential prey nematodes R. reniformis, M. incognita, or a mixture of both were introduced. The gut contents of Mononchus were assayed for the DNA from R. reniformis or M. incognita using PCR specific primers. A higher % of Mononchus tested positive for DNA of R. reniformis than for M. incognita when the prey were added alone. However, when provided with both prey species, Mononchus was tested positive for DNA of M. incognita more frequently than for R. reniformis. Percent Mononchus testing positive for DNA of R. reniformis correlated positively with the abundance of R. reniformis, but this relationship was not observed between Mononchus and M. incognita. Neoactinolaimus was added to aqueous solution containing a mixture of free-living nematodes and R. reniformis. More Neoactinolaimus tested positive for DNA of R. reniformis than other predatory or omnivorous nematodes in the same samples. Based on regression analysis, the presence of fungivorous and other predatory nematodes in the soil could distract Neoactinolaimus from predation on R. reniformis. Our results suggested that Prismatolaimus, Mesodiplogasteroides and Eudorylaimus could also prey on R. reniformis. Although less than 40% of the predatory or omnivorous nematodes tested preyed on R. reniformis, this level of predation could contribute to reducing the population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 88 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.04.023 UT WOS:000358633600007 ER PT J AU Cabrera, JA Hanson, BD Gerik, JS Gao, S Qin, RJ Wang, D AF Cabrera, J. Alfonso Hanson, Bradley D. Gerik, James S. Gao, Suduan Qin, Ruijun Wang, Dong TI Pre-plant soil fumigation with reduced rates under low permeability films for nursery production, orchard and vineyard replanting SO CROP PROTECTION AB Pre-plant soil fumigation in California is a common agricultural practice in orchard and vineyard replanting as well as in nursery production of fruit and nut trees. Identification of pest control strategies with low chemical inputs to reduce environmental impact are of interest. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of reduced Telone 05 (61% 1,3-dichloropropene and 35% chloropicrin) rates under high density polyethylene (HDPE) or a totally impermeable film (TIF) against plant-parasitic nematodes, soilborne pathogens and weeds. Fumigation at full (605 kg/ha), half, or one quarter of the full rate, was highly effective for controlling plant parasitic nematodes and weeds under both HOPE and TIF. The reduced rates performed well against the soilborne pathogens Pythium ultimum and Verticillium dahliae but did not control Fusarium spp., and Phytophthora cactorum. Soil gas evaluations demonstrated that TIF retained more fumigant in soil compared to HOPE and bare soil when applied at equivalent rates. This investigation demonstrated the potential of reduced rates for the control of a variety of common pests, pathogens and weeds in replanting situations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 75 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2015.05.003 UT WOS:000358628900005 ER PT J AU Magarey, RD Hong, SC Fourie, PH Christie, DN Miles, AK Schutte, GC Gottwald, TR AF Magarey, Roger D. Hong, Seung Cheon Fourie, Paul H. Christie, David N. Miles, Andrew K. Schutte, Gerhardus C. Gottwald, Timothy R. TI Prediction of Phyllosticta citricarpa using an hourly infection model and validation with prevalence data from South Africa and Australia SO CROP PROTECTION AB An hourly infection model was used for a risk assessment of citrus black spot (CBS) caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa. The infection model contained a temperature-moisture response function and also included functions to simulate ascospore release and dispersal of pycnidiospores. A validation data set of 18 locations from South Africa and Australia was developed based on locations with known citrus black spot prevalence. An additional 67 sites from Europe and the United States with unknown prevalence were also identified. The model was run for each location with 9 years of hourly weather data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) database. The infection scores for the sites with known prevalence where ranked and a threshold for suitability in a given year was derived from the average score of the lowest ranked moderate prevalence site. The results of the simulation confirm that locations in Florida were high risk while most locations in California and Europe were not at risk. The European location with the highest risk score was Andravida, Greece which had 67% of years suitable for ascosporic infection but only 11% of years were suitable for pycnidiosporic infection. There were six other sites in Europe that had frequency of years suitable for ascosporic infection greater than 22% including Pontecagnano, Italy; Kekrya, Greece; Reggio Calabria, Italy; Cozzo Spadaro, Italy; Messina, Italy; and Siracusa, Italy. Of these six sites only Reggio Calabria had a frequency of years suitable for pycnidiosporic infection greater than 0%. These six sites are predicted to have prevalence similar or less than Messina, South Africa, i.e. low and occasional. Other sites in Europe would best be described as likely to have no prevalence based on very low simulated scores for both spore types. Although Andravida had a similar risk of infection to moderate locations in South Africa there was a difference in the seasonality of infection periods. The ascosporic infection period score was similar between the two sites, but Andravida had a much lower pycnidiosporic infection score in the middle of the period of fruit susceptibility than Addo, South Africa. In Europe favorable climatic conditions are discontinuous, i.e., there is a low frequency of suitable seasons. This raises doubts about the ability of the pathogen to persist at a location and cause disease loss when favorable seasons reoccur. These results suggest that Europe is less suitable for CBS than suggested by an earlier study produced by the European Food Safety Authority using a similar model. The findings from our model simulations suggest that only a few isolated locations in the extreme south of Europe are likely to have a low to marginal risk of P. citricarpa establishment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Magarey, Roger/0000-0002-5651-5965 SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 75 BP 104 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2015.05.016 UT WOS:000358628900015 ER PT J AU Lai, GX Chen, GY Chen, TW Li, QQ AF Lai, Guoxin Chen, Guoying Chen, Tuanwei Li, Qiongqiong TI Rapid Screening of Oxytetracycline Residue in Fish Muscle by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Europium-Sensitized Luminescence SO FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS AB A screening protocol was developed for oxytetracycline (OTC) residue in catfish muscle based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and europium-sensitized luminescence (ESL). The analyte was extracted in HCl-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-acetonitrile, cleaned up by DLLME in water-acetonitrile-hexane-CH2Cl2, and detected by ESL using a portable luminescence photometer. A threshold was established at T = x (2) -aEuro parts per thousand 3 sigma(2), where x (2) and sigma(2) were mean and standard deviation of ESL signals of catfish muscle samples (n = 20) spiked at 2 mu g g(-1), the tolerance set by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Among 48 samples randomly spiked with OTC at 0-4 mu g g(-1), 46 were screened correctly without false negative, and 2 negatives were classified as presumptive positives. This reliable method cut usage of chlorinated solvent to 0.75 mL, reduced cost, and improved sample throughput. RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 SN 1936-9751 EI 1936-976X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2052 EP 2058 DI 10.1007/s12161-014-0076-4 UT WOS:000358540400018 ER PT J AU Abd-Rabou, S Simmons, AM AF Abd-Rabou, Shaaban Simmons, Alvin M. TI Infestation by Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and incidence of whitefly-transmitted viruses after the application of four biorational insecticides in some crops in Egypt SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE AB Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a global insect pest that transmits many important plant viruses. A field study was conducted on infestation by B. tabaci and incidence of whitefly-transmitted viruses after the application of selected foliar and seed-treated biorational insecticides in seven vegetable and row crops in Egypt. Three foliar insecticides (Actara, Biofly and Neemix) and a treated check (Actellic) were assayed across three weeks on seedlings and mature plants, and two seed-treated insecticides (Actara and Gaucho) and a treated check (Aldicarb) were assayed on seedlings. All of the foliar insecticides led to 60-100% reductions in whitefly infestations in each crop. Biofly and Neemix were the least efficacious insecticides. Incidences of whitefly-transmitted viruses were reduced in each insecticide-treated plot with seedlings of four crops; however, no effect on virus incidence was observed in the experiment with mature plants. Crops of cucumber, eggplant, squash and tomato displayed symptoms characteristic of Cucumber vein yellowing virus, Squash leaf curl virus or Tomato yellow leaf curl virus; however, no symptoms of whitefly-transmitted viruses were observed in green bean, potato or sugar beet. The results show that several biorational insecticides may suppress whitefly populations in seedlings to delay whitefly-transmitted viruses in some vegetable crops in Egypt. OI Abd-Rabou, Shaaban/0000-0002-9162-7057 SN 1742-7584 EI 1742-7592 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 35 IS 3 BP 132 EP 136 DI 10.1017/S1742758415000168 UT WOS:000358582000004 ER PT J AU Bedinger, DH Kieffer, DA Goldfine, ID Roell, MK Adams, SH AF Bedinger, Daniel H. Kieffer, Dorothy A. Goldfine, Ira D. Roell, Marina K. Adams, Sean H. TI Acute Treatment With XMetA Activates Hepatic Insulin Receptors and Lowers Blood Glucose in Normal Mice SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY AB It has been proposed that monoclonal antibodies may become therapeutics for metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. We have previously characterized an allosteric monoclonal antibody to the human insulin receptor (IR), XMetA, that activated metabolic signaling leading to enhanced glucose transport in cultured cells, and chronically reduced fasting blood glucose levels in mouse models of diabetes mellitus. Under acute dosing conditions, the large size of an IR-binding antibody like XMetA (approximate to 150kDa) could lead to a more rapid access into liver, an insulin sensitive tissue with well-fenestrated capillaries, when compared to other insulin sensitive tissues with non-fenestrated capillaries, such as muscle and adipose. Thus, in the present study we administered XMetA (10mg/kg) and insulin (0.5U/kg) via IV injection, and for 90min compared their effects on blood glucose lowering and IR activation in three of the major insulin-sensitive tissues of the normal fasted mouse: liver, adipose, and muscle. Like insulin, XMetA lowered blood glucose levels, although the effect was less rapid. Insulin activated IR autophosphorylation and Akt phosphorylation in liver, fat, and muscle. In contrast, IR activation by XMetA was primarily observed in the liver. Both insulin and XMetA lowered -hydroxybutyrate levels in plasma; however, only insulin reduced both non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glycerol concentrations. These data indicate that, in normal mice, acute glucose regulation by XMetA is largely mediated by its action on the liver. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2109-2119, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. SN 0730-2312 EI 1097-4644 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 116 IS 9 BP 2109 EP 2119 DI 10.1002/jcb.25168 UT WOS:000358506300029 PM 25808283 ER PT J AU Farrin, K Miranda, MJ AF Farrin, Katie Miranda, Mario J. TI A heterogeneous agent model of credit-linked index insurance and farm technology adoption SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AB Protection from downside risk is a determinant of technology uptake among subsistence agricultural households. Access to credit, insurance and savings may stimulate technology adoption where new methods are riskier but higher-yielding or require sunk costs. In this paper, we employ a dynamic, stochastic, heterogeneous agent model where farm households have access to contingent credit and make savings, technology and loan repayment choices. Our approach is novel as insurance is modeled as a meso-level product, where the bank is indemnified before any payouts are distributed to borrowers; thus, it accounts for both supply- and demand-side concerns, showing a flow of effects when index insurance contracts are sold to risk aggregators for whom basis risk is lower. Results show letting the lender lay first claim on indemnities lowers default, which can decrease interest rates and expand credit access. Insurance and savings may also spur technology uptake. Published by Elsevier B.V. RI Miranda, Mario/D-8632-2012 SN 0304-3878 EI 1872-6089 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 116 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.05.001 UT WOS:000358625900014 ER PT J AU Ruktanonchai, NW Lounibos, LP Smith, DL Allan, SA AF Ruktanonchai, N. W. Lounibos, L. P. Smith, D. L. Allan, S. A. TI Experience- and age-mediated oviposition behaviour in the yellow fever mosquito Stegomyia aegypti (=Aedes aegypti) SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY AB In repeated behaviours such as those of feeding and reproduction, past experiences can inform future behaviour. By altering their behaviour in response to environmental stimuli, insects in highly variable landscapes can tailor their behaviour to their particular environment. In particular, female mosquitoes may benefit from plasticity in their choice of egg-laying site as these sites are often temporally variable and clustered. The opportunity to adapt egg-laying behaviour to past experience also exists for mosquito populations as females typically lay eggs multiple times throughout their lives. Whether experience and age affect egg-laying (or oviposition) behaviour in the mosquito Stegomyia aegypti (=Aedes aegypti) (Diptera: Culicidae) was assessed using a wind tunnel. Initially, gravid mosquitoes were provided with a cup containing either repellent or well water. After ovipositing in these cups, the mosquitoes were blood-fed and introduced into a wind tunnel. In this wind tunnel, an oviposition cup containing repellent was placed in the immediate vicinity of the gravid mosquitoes. A cup containing well water was placed at the opposite end of the tunnel so that if the females flew across the chamber, they encountered the well water cup, in which they readily laid eggs. Mosquitoes previously exposed to repellent cups became significantly more likely to later lay eggs in repellent cups, suggesting that previous experience with suboptimal oviposition sites informs mosquitoes of the characteristics of nearby oviposition sites. These results provide further evidence that mosquitoes modify behaviour in response to environmental information and are demonstrated in a vector species in which behavioural plasticity may be ecologically and epidemiologically meaningful. SN 0269-283X EI 1365-2915 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1111/mve.12119 UT WOS:000358693500006 PM 25982411 ER PT J AU Gomez-Polo, P Alomar, O Castane, C Lundgren, JG Pinol, J Agusti, N AF Gomez-Polo, Priscila Alomar, Oscar Castane, Cristina Lundgren, Jonathan G. Pinol, Josep Agusti, Nuria TI Molecular assessment of predation by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Mediterranean lettuce crops SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AB BACKGROUNDHoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are generalist predators of a great variety of pests. Nasonovia ribisnigri (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are two common pests in Mediterranean lettuce crops, where they occur alongside alternative prey (e.g. Collembola). A semi-field experiment was conducted in an experimental lettuce plot where hoverfly predation on N. ribisnigri, F. occidentalis and Collembola was studied by conventional PCR and qPCR using specific primers, as well as by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in order to reveal other potential trophic interactions. RESULTSTrophic linkages between hoverflies and N. ribisnigri were the strongest both in spring and summer. F. occidentalis and Collembolans were also detected in both seasons, but with less frequency. qPCR detected a higher frequency of consumption than conventional PCR when both tests were run at optimal conditions. NGS analyses showed intraguild predation on other hoverfly species, as well as on anthocorids, spiders and even aphid parasitoids. CONCLUSIONSConventional PCR and qPCR provided important insights into Mediterranean hoverfly species predation on target pest and non-pest prey. NGS gave a complementary approach revealing a broader diet of these predators within the studied ecosystem. (c) 2014 Society of Chemical Industry RI Alomar, Oscar/A-1520-2009; Agusti, Nuria/C-8318-2011 OI Alomar, Oscar/0000-0002-8756-871X; Agusti, Nuria/0000-0002-5908-4873 SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1219 EP 1227 DI 10.1002/ps.3910 UT WOS:000358615100005 PM 25236922 ER PT J AU Tehranchian, P Norsworthy, JK Nandula, V McElroy, S Chen, S Scott, RC AF Tehranchian, Parsa Norsworthy, Jason K. Nandula, Vijay McElroy, Scott Chen, Shu Scott, Robert C. TI First report of resistance to acetolactate-synthase-inhibiting herbicides in yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus): confirmation and characterization SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AB BACKGROUNDYellow nutsedge is one of the most problematic sedges in Arkansas rice, requiring the frequent use of halosulfuron (sulfonylurea) for its control. In the summer of 2012, halosulfuron at 53 g ha(-1) (labeled field rate) failed to control yellow nutsedge. The level of resistance to halosulfuron was determined in the putative resistant biotype, and its cross-resistance to other acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors from four different herbicide families. ALS enzyme assays and analysis of the ALS gene were used to ascertain the resistance mechanism. RESULTSNone of the resistant plants was killed by halosulfuron at a dose of 13 568 g ha(-1) (256x the field dose), indicating a high level of resistance. Based on the whole-plant bioassay, the resistant biotype was not controlled by any of the ALS-inhibiting herbicides (imazamox, imazethapyr, penoxsulam, bispyribac, pyrithiobac-sodium, bensulfuron and halosulfuron) tested at the labeled field rate. The ALS enzyme from the resistant biotype was 2540 times less responsive to halosulfuron than the susceptible biotype, and a Trp(574)-to-Leu substitution was detected by ALS gene sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq. CONCLUSIONThe results suggest a target-site alteration as the mechanism of resistance in yellow nutsedge, which accounts for the cross-resistance to other ALS-inhibiting herbicide families. (c) 2014 Society of Chemical Industry SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1274 EP 1280 DI 10.1002/ps.3922 UT WOS:000358615100011 PM 25307777 ER PT J AU Hughes, SO Power, TG Liu, Y Sharp, C Nicklas, TA AF Hughes, Sheryl O. Power, Thomas G. Liu, Yan Sharp, Carla Nicklas, Theresa A. TI Parent emotional distress and feeding styles in low-income families. The role of parent depression and parenting stress SO APPETITE AB Purpose: Depression and other stressors have been associated with general parenting and child out-comes in low-income families. Given that parents shape child eating behaviors through their feeding interactions with their child, it is important to investigate factors that may influence parental feeding of young children. The aim of this study was to examine how depressive symptoms and parenting stress might influence the nature of parent feeding styles in low-income families. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 290 African-American and Hispanic parents residing in a large urban city in the southwestern United States. Twenty-six percent of the parents reported depressive symptoms above the clinical cutoff. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine how depressive symptoms and parenting stress might influence the nature of parent feeding styles. Results: After adjusting for potential confounding variables (e.g., ethnicity, education, age), parents with an uninvolved feeding style reported less positive affect and more parenting stress than parents showing the other three feeding styles authoritative, authoritarian, and indulgent. Conclusions: Because feeding styles tend to be associated with child obesity in low income samples, the results of this study provide important information regarding the parent child eating dynamic that may promote less optimal child eating behaviors and the development of childhood obesity. This information could be useful for prevention studies aimed at changing parent behaviors that negatively impact the socialization of child eating behaviors. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0195-6663 EI 1095-8304 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 92 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2015.06.002 UT WOS:000358269100043 PM 26050915 ER PT J AU Kannapu, HPR Mullen, CA Elkasabi, Y Boateng, AA AF Kannapu, Hari P. Reddy Mullen, Charles A. Elkasabi, Yaseen Boateng, Akwasi A. TI Catalytic transfer hydrogenation for stabilization of bio-oil oxygenates: Reduction of p-cresol and furfural over bimetallic Ni-Cu catalysts using isopropanol SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY AB gamma-Alumina and carbon supported mono and bimetallic Ni and Cu catalysts were synthesized and applied to the reduction of p-cresol and furfural via transfer hydrogenation. The developed reaction system was applied to alkyl phenol rich pyrolysis oils produced from the ARS tail gas reactive pyrolysis (TGRP) of switchgrass and oak wood. The catalysts used were characterized pre- and post-reactions using XRD, TPR, TEM and TGA. When isopropanol was used as the hydrogen donor solvent, yields of >95% of a mixture of products from the reduction of p-cresol were achieved using the Ni-Cu/Al2O3 catalyst. This product mixture includes ring hydrogenation products (4-methylcyclohexanol and 4-methylcyclohexanone) as well as deoxygenated products (methylcyclohexane and toluene), with 4-methylcyclohexanol being the major product. The activity remained high in the presence of water with very high levels of water concentration resulting in a higher selectivity towards the ketone product. The system was also effective for the reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol, although lower temperatures were required to prevent polymerization of the furfural. When applied to bio-oil, although increases in H/C and C/O ratios and energy content were realized, effective reduction of the alkyl phenols in the bio-oils was below expectation. Rather, solid formation, a result of the polymerization of bin-oil compounds was also observed. Our effort to extend the successes encountered with the model compounds to improve the application of transfer hydrogenation to real bio-oils is the subject of ongoing research. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-3820 EI 1873-7188 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 137 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.04.023 UT WOS:000357909900027 ER PT J AU Turner, KE Belesky, DP Zajac, AM Dowd, MK AF Turner, K. E. Belesky, D. P. Zajac, A. M. Dowd, M. K. TI Performance and blood parameters when lambs and meat-goat kids were finished on pasture with and without whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum) supplementation SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE AB We evaluated forage production patterns, weight gains and blood parameters when lambs (Ovis aries) and meat-goat (Caprus hircus) kids were finished on a mixed sward of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with (SUP) and without (UNSUP) supplemental whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum; WCS) in a replicated study. Botanical composition and energy/protein ratios of the sward varied with year and with time during the growing season. Swards had greater amounts of red clover relatively early and more cocksfoot later in the season. Suffolk (SX) lambs had the heaviest body weights, Katahdin (KA) lambs were intermediate, and meat-goat (GX) kids were the lightest at the end of each year. Overall body weight gain followed a trend of SX>KA>GX, and WCS supplementation increased weight gain for all animals by 18%. Only in 2008 did SUP animals have higher blood urea nitrogen levels, which may indicate less efficient use of dietary nitrogen when grazing grass-legume pastures managed for high nutritive value compared with UNSUP animals. Gossypol in WCS did not affect blood packed cell volume between SUP and UNSUP lambs and meat-goat kids. Suffolk lambs, Katahdin lambs and cross-bred Boer meat-goat kids finished on pasture with and without WCS supplementation produced desirable body weights for most ethnic markets in the USA. SN 0142-5242 EI 1365-2494 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 70 IS 3 BP 451 EP 464 DI 10.1111/gfs.12121 UT WOS:000358366000007 ER PT J AU Soares, MLG Tognella, MMP Cuevas, E Medina, E AF Gomes Soares, M. L. Pereira Tognella, M. M. Cuevas, E. Medina, E. TI Photosynthetic capacity and intrinsic water-use efficiency of Rhizophora mangle at its southernmost western Atlantic range SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA AB The southernmost presence of Rhizophora mangle in the western Atlantic coast occurs in coastal wetlands between 27 and 28A degrees S in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. We selected mangrove communities at the estuary of the River Tavares, Florianopolis, and the Sonho Beach, Palhosa, for measurement of photosynthetic performance and intrinsic water-use efficiency of R. mangle and coexisting individuals of Avicennia schaueriana and Laguncularia racemosa, during the spring season. We used gas-exchange techniques and isotopic signatures of C and N to estimate instantaneous water-use and carboxylation efficiency (CE), long-term water-use efficiency, and potential N limitation. Results showed that R. mangle had significantly lower photosynthetic rates but similar conductance values as the other two species resulting in lower intrinsic water use (WUEi) and CE. WUEi and CE were positively correlated in L. racemosa and A. schaueriana, but not in R. mangle. At each site, delta C-13 values of A. schaueriana were consistently higher than those for the other species, indicating that these species are subjected to contrasting water stress conditions. Leaf concentrations of C were lower, whilst those of N were always higher in A. schaueriana, indicating accumulation of salts and nonprotein N-compounds in leaves. Nitrogen concentrations and moderate positive delta N-15 values indicated that plant growth at the study sites was not inhibited by nutrient deficiency, and was not influenced by urban residual waters. Lower photosynthetic rates and values of CE of R. mangle compared to the other two species may constitute constraining factors preventing this species from establishing at higher latitudes. SN 0300-3604 EI 1573-9058 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 53 IS 3 BP 464 EP 470 DI 10.1007/s11099-015-0119-0 UT WOS:000358411000017 ER PT J AU Govindjee Prince, RC Ort, DR AF Govindjee Prince, R. C. Ort, D. R. TI Colin A. Wraight November 27, 1945-July 10, 2014 MEMOIR SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA SN 0300-3604 EI 1573-9058 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 53 IS 3 BP 478 EP 480 DI 10.1007/s11099-015-0154-x UT WOS:000358411000019 ER PT J AU Xie, J Zha, TS Jia, X Qian, D Wu, B Zhang, YQ Bourque, CPA Chen, JQ Sun, G Peltola, H AF Xie, Jing Zha, Tianshan Jia, Xin Qian, Duo Wu, Bin Zhang, Yuqing Bourque, Charles P-A. Chen, Jiquan Sun, Ge Peltola, Heli TI Irregular precipitation events in control of seasonal variations in CO2 exchange in a cold desert-shrub ecosystem in northwest China SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS AB Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of a cold desert-shrub ecosystem was continuously monitored during 2012 and 2013 using the eddy covariance method. The aim was to examine the influence of irregular precipitation in control of seasonal variations in NEP at multiple timescales. The ecosystem was a weak annual carbon sink. Difference in NEP between 2012 and 2013 (2013, having higher NEP) was caused by a suppression in gross ecosystem productivity (GEP; 55 g C m(-2)) compared to ecosystem respiration (ER; 33 g C m(-2)) in 2012, as a result of (i) fewer frequent and low-intensity rainy days and more carbon-source days in summer, (ii) lower annual mean air and soil temperature, and (iii) lower daily mean photosynthetically active radiation. Daily GEP and ER both decreased during dry periods, with GEP decreasing more than ER, causing NEP to decrease. Persistent and high available soil water associated with frequent and low-intensity precipitation during DOT 207 to 224 was central to maintaining carbon-sink strength in 2013, resulting in a noticeable increase in daily NEP from 03 g C m(-2) to 1.2 g C m(-2). Frequent and low-intensity precipitation was responsible for maintaining plant growth, while sporadic and high-intensity precipitation decreased NEP. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 120 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.009 UT WOS:000356737400005 ER PT J AU Thomazini, A Spokas, K Hall, K Ippolito, J Lentz, R Novak, J AF Thomazini, A. Spokas, K. Hall, K. Ippolito, J. Lentz, R. Novak, J. TI GHG impacts of biochar: Predictability for the same biochar SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB One potential strategy to abate increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels is to sequester CO2 as biochar, a structural form of carbon created through the pyrolysis of various biomass materials. Biochar may be applied to soils, but has resulted in variable impacts on net soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with results spanning from suppression to stimulation. This laboratory incubation study examined the impacts of the same hardwood biochar (fast pyrolysis at 550 degrees C) to elucidate driving variables affecting previously observed carbon dioxide (CO2) fluctuations as well as nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) production impacts across ten different US soils with and without biochar (10% w/w). Biochar application significantly impacted CO2 (P = 0.04) and N2O (P = 0.03) production following amendment across all soils, but there were no differences observed in CH4 production/oxidation rates (P = 0.90). Interestingly, the induced biochar GHG alterations were significantly correlated to the original GHG production activity in the control soil, suggesting a more universal response across various soils to the same biochar than has been previously hypothesized. After correcting for the amount of CO2 released from the biochar itself [24 mu g CgBc(-1) d(-1)], there was no statistically significant alteration in the actual soil CO2 mineralization rate for any soil. This suggests that the observed increase in CO2 production was solely attributed to the abiotic CO2 releases from the biochar. On the other hand, there was an average suppression of 63% in the N2O production across all soils following biochar addition, which was again correlated to initial N2O production activity. For this particular biochar, there are predictable impacts on the GHG production potential across various soils despite differences in soil chemistry, texture, and microbial communities. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 207 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.012 UT WOS:000356191700020 ER PT J AU Liu, CG Liu, ZS Tisserat, BH Wang, RP Schuman, TP Zhou, YH Hu, LH AF Liu, Chengguo Liu, Zengshe Tisserat, Brent H. Wang, Rongpeng Schuman, Thomas P. Zhou, Yonghong Hu, Lihong TI Microwave-assisted maleation of tung oil for bio-based products with versatile applications SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS AB In this work, a simple, "green" and convenient chemical modification of tung oil for maleinized tung oil (TOMA) was developed via microwave-assisted one-step maleation. This modifying process did not involve any solvent, catalyst, or initiator, but demonstrated the most efficiency of functionalizing plant oils: at a reaction time of 4 min, the yield of purified TOMA target product reached 94.5 wt.%. A mechanism of this microwave-assisted maleation was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results clearly showed that without initiator, TO can react with MA not only via Diels-Alder reaction, but also via free radical copolymerization. Moreover, three oil-based epoxides including epoxidized glycidyl ester (EGS), epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), and epoxidized octyl soyate (EOS) as well as hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were employed to react with the optimized TOMA product. Novel fully oil-based epoxy resins and silicon-containing alkyd resins were prepared. Mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical, and hydrophobic properties of the as-prepared epoxy and alkyd resins were carefully evaluated. The surface morphologies at the failure of the cured resin materials were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that these oil-based materials have potential applications as hydrophobic coatings. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X PD SEP PY 2015 VL 71 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.02.066 UT WOS:000356751200023 ER PT J AU Pan, YB Liu, PW Que, YX AF Pan, Yong-Bao Liu, Pingwu Que, Youxiong TI Independently Segregating Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) Alleles in Polyploid Sugarcane SO SUGAR TECH AB The complex nuclear genomic and flower structures of sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum hybrids spp., 2n = 10x = 100-130) render sugarcane a difficult subject for genetics research. Using a capillary electrophoresis- and fluorescence-labeling-based simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping platform, the segregation of a multi-allelic sugarcane SSR marker SMC336BS was investigated among single pollens of a sugarcane cultivar L 99-233 as well as its F-1 progenies of a bi-parental cross between HoCP 00-950 (female) and L 99-233 (male). L 99-233 produced five reproducible SSR alleles, namely, 6-154, 6-167, 6-169, 6-171, and 6-175, while HoCP 00-950 produced two SSR alleles, 6-166 and 6-169. Of these six parental alleles, 6-167, 6-169, 6-171, and 6-175 were detected in approximately half of the pollens indicating an independent Mendelian segregation. In addition, four alleles, namely, 6-154, 6-166, 6-167, and 6-175, were detected in approximately half of the F-1 progenies, again an indication of independent Mendelian segregation. Twenty-two pollen genotypes were observed among 92 single pollens at frequencies varying from 1.08 to 11.83 % and 33 genotypes were observed among 162 F-1 progenies at frequencies varying from 0.62 to 8.64 %. Although none of the 92 single pollens amplified all five parental alleles, one F-1 progeny produced all the six parental alleles. Unexpected segregation patterns were also observed. Allele 6-171, which was absent in HoCP 00-950, segregated at 3 presence:1 absence instead of expected 1:1. Allele 6-169, which was detected in both cultivars and segregated at 1:1 among pollens, segregated at nearly1:0. These unexpected segregation patterns may be associated with the complexity of sugarcane genome and illustrate the needs of additional genetic studies in polyploid sugarcane. OI Que, Youxiong/0000-0003-1111-5834 SN 0972-1525 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 17 IS 3 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s12355-014-0330-5 UT WOS:000356050800003 ER PT J AU Shao, DY Venkitasamy, C Li, X Pan, ZL Shi, JL Wang, B Teh, HE McHugh, TH AF Shao, Dongyan Venkitasamy, Chandrasekar Li, Xuan Pan, Zhongli Shi, Junling Wang, Bei Teh, Hui Ean McHugh, T. H. TI Thermal and storage characteristics of tomato seed oil SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB The objectives of this research were to determine the changes in quality and oxidative stability of tomato seed oil, including color, antioxidant activity, peroxide value, saponification value, iodine value and acid value, during heating for 50 h at a common frying temperature (180 degrees C) and under different storage conditions of temperature (25 degrees C and 35 degrees C), light, and headspace volume (10 mL and 25 mL in 50 mL container) as a function of storage time (up to 210 days at 25 degrees C and 105 days at 35 degrees C). Results showed that tomato seed oil had high thermal stability with excellent physicochemical profile after heating. The antioxidants such as tocopherol and polyphenol were likely the most significant contributor to the high thermal stability. High temperature, exposure to light, and large headspace volume significantly accelerated the deterioration of tomato seed oil during storage, among which the temperature had the most pronounced effect followed by light and headspace volume. It is suggested that tomato seed oil is packaged with minimal light exposure and stored at a low temperature. The study provided important information for the quality evaluation and control of tomato seed oil and has a great significance for value-added utilization of the by-product from tomato processing industry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. RI Li, Xuan/J-5786-2015 SN 0023-6438 EI 1096-1127 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 63 IS 1 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.010 UT WOS:000355027600028 ER PT J AU Inglett, GE Chen, DJ Liu, SX AF Inglett, George E. Chen, Diejun Liu, Sean X. TI Physical properties of gluten-free sugar cookies made from amaranth-oat composites SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB Amaranth-oat composites were developed using gluten free amaranth flour containing essential amino acids and minerals with oat products containing beta-glucan, known for lowering blood cholesterol. Amaranth-oat composites were used in sugar cookies for improving their nutritional and physical qualities. The physical properties of amaranth-oat composites, and their cookies and doughs were compared with amaranth or wheat flour alone. The pasting viscosities of amaranth-oat 3:1 composites were similar to amaranth flour alone, and they were all higher than wheat flour. The study showed amaranth and its composites had more viscous properties and improved water holding capacities compared to wheat flour. Differences were also found in geometrical properties and texture properties of the dough and cookies. However, the amaranth oat cookies were acceptable in color, flavor and texture with no significant differences in sensory qualities compared to wheat flour cookies. Also, the cookies using amaranth oat composites had enhanced nutritional value with gluten free uniqueness that could be useful for functional foods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0023-6438 EI 1096-1127 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 63 IS 1 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.056 UT WOS:000355027600031 ER PT J AU Yan, SL Yang, TB Luo, YG AF Yan, Shoulei Yang, Tianbao Luo, Yaguang TI The mechanism of ethanol treatment on inhibiting lettuce enzymatic browning and microbial growth SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB Tissue browning greatly affects the quality and consumer acceptance of fresh-cut lettuce. Unfortunately, effective antibrowning agents that either have antimicrobial activity or compatibility are hard to find. This study investigated the effects of ethanol treatment on enzymatic browning and microbial growth on lettuce stem discs. Lettuce stem discs were treated with ethanol (200 mL/L) for 2 min, drained by salad spinner, packaged in Ziploc (R) bags and stored at 5 degrees C. Stem discs treated with ethanol exhibited better appearance and lower microbial loads than untreated samples within 14 days of storage time. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase mRNA level and enzymatic activities in the ethanol treated group were significantly suppressed, and total phenols and quinones were also reduced. In addition, ethanol treatment increased CO2 production and reduced O-2 level inside the package. In comparison to heat shock, trans-cinnamaldehyde and salicylic acid immersion, ethanol treated lettuce stem discs had the least browning and best quality attributes. These results indicated that 200 mL/L ethanol treatment was the most effective approach to inhibit enzymatic browning and control microbial growth on lettuce stem discs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0023-6438 EI 1096-1127 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 63 IS 1 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.004 UT WOS:000355027600053 ER PT J AU Overby, ST Owen, SM Hart, SC Neary, DG Johnson, NC AF Overby, Steven T. Owen, Suzanne M. Hart, Stephen C. Neary, Daniel G. Johnson, Nancy C. TI Soil microbial community resilience with tree thinning in a 40-year-old experimental ponderosa pine forest SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY AB Establishment of native grasses is a primary objective of restoration in Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum (P. & C. Lawson) forests in the southwestern United States. Interactions among native grasses and soil microorganisms generate feedbacks that influence the achievement of this objective. We examined soil chemical properties and communities of plants and soil microorganisms in clear-cuts and P. ponderosa stands thinned and maintained at low and medium tree densities for over 40 years along with high density (unthinned) stands. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) in soils were analyzed to examine arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and microbial communities in the three thinning treatments and the unthinned stands with and without a recent broadcast burn. Additionally, two native bunchgrasses, Festuca arizonica and Muhlenbergia wrightii were grown in containers filled with intact soil cores collected from each field plot to more thoroughly compare the abundance of AM fungi and microbial communities across different stand densities and burn treatments. Tree thinning decreased litter cover and increased the abundance and diversity and altered community composition of both herbaceous vegetation and AM fungi. In the mineral soil layer, the pH, total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and PLFA profiles did not differ significantly among the four stand density or burn treatments. Mycorrhizal colonization of the container grown grasses did not significantly differ with tree density or burn treatments; however, F. arizonica roots had a strong trend for decreased colonization when grown in soil from high density (unthinned) tree cover. Soil from the containers with F. arizonica had a greater abundance of AM fungal spores. Furthermore, bacterial community composition varied with grass species. Concentration of biomarkers for bacteria were higher in soil that supported F. arizonica compared to soil in which M. wrightii was grown. Our results indicate that the creation of clear-cut openings in forests may increase the abundance and richness of AM fungal propagules and soil bacterial communities were surprisingly resilient to tree thinning and low-intensity fire treatments. These results suggest managing forests to create clear-cut openings generate conditions that favor understory native grasses and AM fungi that are linked to soil bacterial communities. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0929-1393 EI 1873-0272 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 93 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.03.012 UT WOS:000354785300001 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH Sheen, S AF Sommers, Christopher H. Sheen, Shiowshuh TI Inactivation of avirulent Yersinia pestis on food and food contact surfaces by ultraviolet light and freezing SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY AB Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, can occasionally be contracted as a naso-pharyngeal or gastrointestinal illness through consumption of contaminated meat. In this study, the use of 254 nm ultraviolet light (UV-C) to inactivate a multi-isolate cocktail of avirulent Y. pestis on food and food contact surfaces was investigated. When a commercial UV-C conveyor was used (5 mW/cm(2)/s) 0.5 J/cm(2) inactivated >7 log of the Y. pestis cocktail on agar plates. At 0.5 J/cm(2), UV-C inactivated ca. 4 log of Y. pestis in beef, chicken, and catfish, exudates inoculated onto high density polypropylene or polyethylene, and stainless steel coupons, and >6 log was eliminated at 1 J/cm(2). Approximately 1 log was inactivated on chicken breast, beef steak, and catfish fillet surfaces at a UV-C dose of 1 J/cm(2). UV-C treatment prior to freezing of the foods did not increase the inactivation of Y. pestis over freezing alone. These results indicate that routine use of UV-C during food processing would provide workers and consumers some protection against Y. pestis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0740-0020 EI 1095-9998 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 50 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2015.02.008 UT WOS:000354778800001 PM 25998808 ER PT J AU Zhou, B Luo, YG Nou, XW Lyu, SX Wang, Q AF Zhou, Bin Luo, Yaguang Nou, Xiangwu Lyu, Shuxia Wang, Qin TI Inactivation dynamics of Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in wash water during simulated chlorine depletion and replenishment processes SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY AB Maintaining effective sanitizer concentration is of critical importance for preventing pathogen survival and transference during fresh-cut produce wash operation and for ensuring the safety of finished products. However, maintaining an adequate level of sanitizer in wash water can be challenging for processors due to the large organic load in the wash system. In this study, we investigated how the survival of human pathogens was affected by the dynamic changes in water quality during chlorine depletion and replenishment in simulated produce washing operations. Lettuce extract was added incrementally into water containing pre-set levels of free chlorine to simulate the chlorine depletion process, and sodium hypochlorite was added incrementally into water containing pre-set levels of lettuce extract to simulate chlorine replenishment. Key water quality parameters were closely monitored and the bactericidal activity of the wash water was evaluated using three-strain cocktails of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes. In both chlorine depletion and replenishment processes, no pathogen survival was observed when wash water free chlorine level was maintained above 3.66 mg/L, irrespective of the initial free chlorine levels (10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L) or organic loading (chemical oxidation demand levels of 0, 532, 1013 and 1705 mg/L). At this free chlorine concentration, the measured ORP was 843 mV and pH was 5.12 for the chlorine depletion process; the measured ORP was 714 mV and pH was 6.97 for the chlorine replenishment process. This study provides quantitative data needed by the fresh-cut produce industry and the regulatory agencies to establish critical operational control parameters to prevent pathogen survival and cross-contamination during fresh produce washing. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0740-0020 EI 1095-9998 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 50 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2015.03.004 UT WOS:000354778800013 PM 25998820 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Campbell, BT Delhom, C Martin, V AF Liu, Yongliang Campbell, B. Todd Delhom, Chris Martin, Vikki TI Variation and relationship of quality and near infrared spectral characteristics of cotton fibers collected from multi-location field performance trials SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB Standardized instrument for testing of cotton (SITC) and advanced fiber information system (AFIS) measurements are increasingly being utilized as primary and routine means of acquiring fiber quality data by cotton breeders and fiber processors. A significant amount of information regarding fiber and yarn qualities is present, but little information exists about the compositional and chemical structure difference of cotton fibers harvested at different locations. Such information could prove useful in attempts to understand the variety selection of cotton cultivars. The purpose of this study was to characterize the fiber SITC and AFIS quality and also yarn skein strength of cottons harvested from various locations, and also to unravel the near infrared (NIR) spectral response to these differential environments. Moderate positive or negative relationships among fiber properties were observed. However, these relationships varied across experimental locations and years. Further, the analysis of variance tests indicated substantial variations among genotypes for most fiber properties, but less detectable variation among genotypes for yarn tenacity. Interestingly, principal component analysis of NIR spectra enhanced the similarity or dissimilarity of cotton fibers harvested at differing locations, implying the feasibility of the NIR technique for site selection in future cotton variety trials. SN 0040-5175 EI 1746-7748 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 85 IS 14 BP 1474 EP 1485 DI 10.1177/0040517514566106 UT WOS:000354569600005 ER PT J AU Yoo, BK Liu, YH Juneja, V Huang, LH Hwang, CA AF Yoo, Byong Kwon Liu, Yanhong Juneja, Vijay Huang, Lihan Hwang, Cheng-An TI Growth characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) stressed by chlorine, sodium chloride, acid, and starvation on lettuce and cantaloupe SO FOOD CONTROL AB Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major foodborne pathogen causing serious illnesses and hospitalizations in the United States. Bacteria that are exposed to environmental stresses during food processing may exhibit different growth patterns in the subsequent growth environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of environmental stresses on the growth of O15H and non-O157 STEC in lettuce or cantaloupe. Strains of O157:H7 and non-O157 STEC (O26:H11, O103:H1, O104:H4, O145:NM) were subjected to four selected stresses including 2 ppm of chlorine, a(w) of 0.97 (osmotic stress), and pH 5 (acid stress) at 22 degrees C for 24 h, or starvation (lack of nutrients) at 22 degrees C for 15 d. A cocktail mix of stressed or non-stressed (control) O157 or non-O157 at 3 log CFU/g (control or stressed) was inoculated on lettuce or cantaloupe and incubated at 10 and 22 degrees C for four weeks. While there were significant differences (p <0.05) in the growth of stressed and unstressed cells of non-O157 STEC, no difference was observed in the growth of stressed and unstressed O157 STEC cells. Osmotic-stressed non-O157 STEC had significantly higher cell populations than control with 2 log difference (9.0 vs. 6.8 log CFU/g) at 10 degrees C on lettuce and 1 log difference (9.3 vs. 8.3 log CFU/g) at 22 degrees C on cantaloupe after 4 weeks. Acid-stressed non-O157 STEC had significantly higher cell populations than control at 10 degrees C after 4 weeks with >1 log difference (7.7 vs. 6.3 log CFU/ml) on cantaloupe. Starvation-stressed non-O157 STEC showed significantly higher cell populations than control with 1 log difference (8.4 vs. 7.2 log CFU/g) at 22 degrees C on cantaloupe after 4 weeks. The results indicated that osmotic, acid, or starvation stress may enhance the growth of non-O157 STEC on lettuce or cantaloupe and lead to a greater safety risk. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 PD SEP PY 2015 VL 55 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.040 UT WOS:000353850500014 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, M Cuevas, II Smilanick, JL Cerioni, L Rapisarda, VA Ramallo, J AF Sepulveda, M. Cuevas, I. I. Smilanick, J. L. Cerioni, L. Rapisarda, V. A. Ramallo, J. TI Improvement in imazalil treatments in commercial packinglines to control green mold on lemon fruit SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB Long distance to markets limits global competitiveness in lemon fruit production due to fungal postharvest decays, such as green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum. Imazalil, the main fungicide used, is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (IEC) and as a water-soluble sulphate salt (IS), the later being less commonly applied in most of the producing countries. The aim of the present report was to improve the effectiveness of imazalil treatments to control green mold in commercial scale. In both laboratory and commercial applications, IS was more effective than IEC. IS formulation applied in water followed by IEC applied in wax is an improved option that provided suitable disease control and optimal residue loading >2.0 mg L-1 without exceeding the maximum residue levels. Additionally, IMZ residues remained at acceptable levels after 28 days at 7 degrees C, assuring the protection of lemon fruit for long periods of storage and transports. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0304-4238 EI 1879-1018 PD AUG 31 PY 2015 VL 192 BP 387 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.06.021 UT WOS:000361343500051 ER PT J AU Hara, H Smith, DR AF Hara, Hideho Smith, David R. TI Japanese species of the sawfly genus Nesodiprion (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) SO ZOOTAXA AB Nesodiprion flavipes sp. nov. associated with Tsuga diversifolia (Maxim.) Mast. and N. kojimai sp. nov. associated with Abies veitchii Lindl. are described from Honshu, Japan. Additional taxonomic and biological information is given for other Japanese congeners, N. japonicus (Marlatt, 1898), N. albiventris Togashi, 1998, N. shinoharai Togashi, 1998, N. nigerrimus Togashi, 1998, N. kagaensis Togashi, 1998, N. niger Togashi, 2001 and N. tsugae Togashi, 2001. The males of N. shinoharai, N. kagaensis and N. tsugae are described for the first time. The host plants of N. shinoharai are Pinus spp. Nesodiprion kagaensis is newly recorded from Hokkaido, Japan, and its host plants are Pinus spp. and Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere. Larvae of N. japonicus and N. kagaensis are briefly described. A division of Nesodiprion into the following five species groups is proposed: N. tsugae group, N. niger group, N. flavipes group, N. japonicus group and N. shinoharai group. Additions to the key to Nesodiprion species by Hara & Smith (2012) are given. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD AUG 31 PY 2015 VL 4007 IS 4 BP 481 EP 508 UT WOS:000360359100002 PM 26623828 ER PT J AU Carlson, JC Hyatt, DR Ellis, JW Pipkin, DR Mangan, AM Russell, M Bolte, DS Engeman, RM DeLiberto, TJ Linz, GM AF Carlson, James C. Hyatt, Doreene R. Ellis, Jeremy W. Pipkin, David R. Mangan, Anna M. Russell, Michael Bolte, Denise S. Engeman, Richard M. DeLiberto, Thomas J. Linz, George M. TI Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica transmission associated with starling-livestock interactions SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY AB Bird-livestock interactions have been implicated as potential sources for bacteria within concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO). European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in particular are known to contaminate cattle feed and water with Salmonella enterica through their fecal waste. We propose that fecal waste is not the only mechanisms through which starlings introduce S. enterica to CAFO. The goal of this study was to assess if starlings can mechanically move S. enterica. We define mechanical movement as the transportation of media containing S. enterica, on the exterior of starlings within CAFO. We collected 100 starlings and obtained external wash and gastrointestinal tract (GI) samples. We also collected 100 samples from animal pens. Within each pen we collected one cattle fecal, feed, and water trough sample. Isolates from all S. enterica positive samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All sample types, including 17% of external starling wash samples, contained S. enterica. All sample types had at least one antimicrobial resistant (AMR) isolate and starling GI samples harbored multidrug resistant S. enterica. The serotypes isolated from the starling external wash samples were all found in the farm environment and 11.8% (2/17) of isolates from positive starling external wash samples were resistant to at least one class of antibiotics. This study provides evidence of a potential mechanism of wildlife introduced microbial contamination in CAFO. Mechanical movement of microbiological hazards, by starlings, should be considered a potential source of bacteria that is of concern to veterinary, environmental and public health. Published by Elsevier B.V. RI Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017; OI Ellis, Jeremy/0000-0003-4512-0906 SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 PD AUG 31 PY 2015 VL 179 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.04.009 UT WOS:000358812500008 PM 25960334 ER PT J AU Carlson, JC Hyatt, DR Bentler, K Mangan, AM Russell, M Piaggio, AJ Linz, GM AF Carlson, James C. Hyatt, Doreene R. Bentler, Kevin Mangan, Anna M. Russell, Michael Piaggio, Antoinette J. Linz, George M. TI Molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica isolates associated with starling-livestock interactions SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY AB Bird-livestock interactions have been implicated as potential sources for bacteria within concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO). In this study we characterized XbaI-digested genomic DNA from Salmonella enterica using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The PFGE analysis was conducted using 182 S. enterica isolates collected from a single CAFO between 2009 and 2012. Samples collected in 2012 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The analysis was limited to S. enterica serotypes, with at least 10 isolates, known to occur in both European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and cattle (Bos taurus) within this CAFO. A total of five different serotypes were screened; S. Anatum, S. Kentucky, S. Meleagridis, S. Montevideo, S. Muenchen. These samples were recovered from five different sample types; starling gastrointestinal tracts (GI), starling external wash, cattle feces, cattle feed and cattle water troughs. Indistinguishable S. enterica PFGE profiles were recovered from isolates originating in all sample types. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was also associated with indistinguishable S. enterica isolates recovered from all samples types. These data suggests that AMR S. enterica is transmitted between cattle and starlings and that shared feed sources are likely contributing to infections within both species. Moreover we isolated indistinguishable PFGE profiles across all years of data collection, suggesting long-term environmental persistence may be mediated by starling visits to CAFO. Published by Elsevier B.V. RI Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017 SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 PD AUG 31 PY 2015 VL 179 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.03.015 UT WOS:000358812500014 PM 25866128 ER PT J AU Rasouli, K Pomeroy, JW Marks, DG AF Rasouli, Kabir Pomeroy, John W. Marks, Danny G. TI Snowpack sensitivity to perturbed climate in a cool mid-latitude mountain catchment SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES CT Annual Meeting of Canadian-Geophysical-Union CY MAY 04-07, 2014 CL Banff, CANADA AB There is great interest in ascertaining the degree of climate change necessary to induce substantial changes in snow accumulation and ablation processes in mountain headwater catchments. Therefore, the response of mountain snow hydrology to changes in air temperature and precipitation was examined by simulating a perturbed climate in Reynolds Mountain East (RME), a headwater catchment with a cool mountain climate in Idaho, USA. The cold regions hydrological model was used to calculate snow accumulation, wind redistribution by blowing snow, interception by forest canopies, sublimation and melt for 25 seasons in RME. The uncalibrated simulations of the highly redistributed snow water equivalent compared well to measurements. Results showed that with concomitant occurrence of warming (5 degrees C) and precipitation change (+/- 20%) in RME, the peak seasonal snow accumulation decreased by 84-90%, snowmelt decreased 51-79%, rainfall to total precipitation ratio increased from 30% to 78%, and overwinter blowing snow transport and sublimation losses from intercepted snow, the snow surface and blowing snow decreased dramatically. Warming causes an increase in inter-water year snowcover variability but a decrease in spatial snow accumulation variability. When warming exceeded 1 degrees C and a precipitation increased by less than 20%, the peak snow accumulation declined dramatically. The results contrast with those from further north along the North American Cordillera in Yukon, Canada, where the impacts of similar warming on alpine snow can be partly compensated for by concomitant increases in precipitation of less than 20%. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 PD AUG 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 18 SI SI BP 3925 EP 3940 DI 10.1002/hyp.10587 UT WOS:000360060700008 ER PT J AU Lieblein-Boff, JC Johnson, EJ Kennedy, AD Lai, CS Kuchan, MJ AF Lieblein-Boff, Jacqueline C. Johnson, Elizabeth J. Kennedy, Adam D. Lai, Chron-Si Kuchan, Matthew J. TI Exploratory Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Compounds Correlated with Lutein Concentration in Frontal Cortex, Hippocampus, and Occipital Cortex of Human Infant Brain SO PLOS ONE AB Lutein is a dietary carotenoid well known for its role as an antioxidant in the macula, and recent reports implicate a role for lutein in cognitive function. Lutein is the dominant carotenoid in both pediatric and geriatric brain tissue. In addition, cognitive function in older adults correlated with macular and postmortem brain lutein concentrations. Furthermore, lutein was found to preferentially accumulate in the infant brain in comparison to other carotenoids that are predominant in diet. While lutein is consistently related to cognitive function, the mechanisms by which lutein may influence cognition are not clear. In an effort to identify potential mechanisms through which lutein might influence neurodevelopment, an exploratory study relating metabolite signatures and lutein was completed. Post-mortem metabolomic analyses were performed on human infant brain tissues in three regions important for learning and memory: the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and occipital cortex. Metabolomic profiles were compared to lutein concentration, and correlations were identified and reported here. A total of 1276 correlations were carried out across all brain regions. Of 427 metabolites analyzed, 257 were metabolites of known identity. Unidentified metabolite correlations (510) were excluded. In addition, moderate correlations with xenobiotic relationships (2) or those driven by single outliers (3) were excluded from further study. Lutein concentrations correlated with lipid pathway metabolites, energy pathway metabolites, brain osmolytes, amino acid neurotransmitters, and the antioxidant homocarnosine. These correlations were often brain region-specific. Revealing relationships between lutein and metabolic pathways may help identify potential candidates on which to complete further analyses and may shed light on important roles of lutein in the human brain during development. SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0136904 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0136904 UT WOS:000360299100167 PM 26317757 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Drader, T Tiwari, VK Dong, LL Kumar, A Huo, NX Ghavami, F Iqbal, MJ Lazo, GR Leonard, J Gill, BS Kianian, SF Luo, MC Gu, YQ AF Wang, Yi Drader, Thomas Tiwari, Vijay K. Dong, Lingli Kumar, Ajay Huo, Naxin Ghavami, Farhad Iqbal, M. Javed Lazo, Gerard R. Leonard, Jeff Gill, Bikram S. Kianian, Shahryar F. Luo, Ming-Cheng Gu, Yong Q. TI Development of a D genome specific marker resource for diploid and hexaploid wheat SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: Mapping and map-based cloning of genes that control agriculturally and economically important traits remain great challenges for plants with complex highly repetitive genomes such as those within the grass tribe, Triticeae. Mapping limitations in the Triticeae are primarily due to low frequencies of polymorphic gene markers and poor genetic recombination in certain genetic regions. Although the abundance of repetitive sequence may pose common problems in genome analysis and sequence assembly of large and complex genomes, they provide repeat junction markers with random and unbiased distribution throughout chromosomes. Hence, development of a high-throughput mapping technology that combine both gene-based and repeat junction-based markers is needed to generate maps that have better coverage of the entire genome. Results: In this study, the available genomics resource of the diploid Aegilop tauschii, the D genome donor of bread wheat, were used to develop genome specific markers that can be applied for mapping in modern hexaploid wheat. A NimbleGen array containing both gene-based and repeat junction probe sequences derived from Ae. tauschii was developed and used to map the Chinese Spring nullisomic-tetrasomic lines and deletion bin lines of the D genome chromosomes. Based on these mapping data, we have now anchored 5,171 repeat junction probes and 10,892 gene probes, corresponding to 5,070 gene markers, to the delineated deletion bins of the D genome. The order of the gene-based markers within the deletion bins of the Chinese Spring can be inferred based on their positions on the Ae. tauschii genetic map. Analysis of the probe sequences against the Chinese Spring chromosome sequence assembly database facilitated mapping of the NimbleGen probes to the sequence contigs and allowed assignment or ordering of these sequence contigs within the deletion bins. The accumulated length of anchored sequence contigs is about 155 Mb, representing similar to 3.2 % of the D genome. A specific database was developed to allow user to search or BLAST against the probe sequence information and to directly download PCR primers for mapping specific genetic loci. Conclusions: In bread wheat, aneuploid stocks have been extensively used to assign markers linked with genes/traits to chromosomes, chromosome arms, and their specific bins. Through this study, we added thousands of markers to the existing wheat chromosome bin map, representing a significant step forward in providing a resource to navigate the wheat genome. The database website (http://probes.pw.usda.gov/ATRJM/) provides easy access and efficient utilization of the data. The resources developed herein can aid map-based cloning of traits of interest and the sequencing of the D genome of hexaploid wheat. RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 SN 1471-2164 PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 16 AR 646 DI 10.1186/s12864-015-1852-2 UT WOS:000360111400003 PM 26315263 ER PT J AU Ali, SS Shao, J Strem, MD Phillips-Mora, W Zhang, DP Meinhardt, LW Bailey, BA AF Ali, Shahin S. Shao, Jonathan Strem, Mary D. Phillips-Mora, Wilberth Zhang, Dapeng Meinhardt, Lyndel W. Bailey, Bryan A. TI Combination of RNAseq and SNP nanofluidic array reveals the center of genetic diversity of cacao pathogen Moniliophthora roreri in the upper Magdalena Valley of Colombia and its clonality SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB Moniliophthora roreri is the fungal pathogen that causes frosty pod rot (FPR) disease of Theobroma cacao L., the source of chocolate. FPR occurs in most of the cacao producing countries in the Western Hemisphere, causing yield losses up to 80%. Genetic diversity within the FPR pathogen population may allow the population to adapt to changing environmental conditions and adapt to enhanced resistance in the host plant. The present study developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from RNASeq results for 13 M. roreri isolates and validated the markers for their ability to reveal genetic diversity in an international M. roreri collection. The SNP resources reported herein represent the first study of RNA sequencing (RNASeq)-derived SNP validation in M. roreri and demonstrates the utility of RNASeq as an approach for de novo SNP identification in M. roreri. A total of 88 polymorphic SNPs were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 172 M. roreri cacao isolates resulting in 37 distinct genotypes (including 14 synonymous groups). Absence of heterozygosity for the 88 SNP markers indicates reproduction in M. roreri is clonal and likely due to a homothallic life style. The upper Magdalena Valley of Colombia showed the highest levels of genetic diversity with 20 distinct genotypes of which 13 were limited to this region, and indicates this region as the possible center of origin for M. roreri. SN 1664-302X PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 851 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00850 UT WOS:000360340100001 ER PT J AU Stepien, CA Pierce, LR Leaman, DW Niner, MD Shepherd, BS AF Stepien, Carol A. Pierce, Lindsey R. Leaman, Douglas W. Niner, Megan D. Shepherd, Brian S. TI Gene Diversification of an Emerging Pathogen: A Decade of Mutation in a Novel Fish Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) Substrain since Its First Appearance in the Laurentian Great Lakes SO PLOS ONE AB Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia virus (VHSv) is an RNA rhabdovirus, which causes one of the world's most serious fish diseases, infecting >80 freshwater and marine species across the Northern Hemisphere. A new, novel, and especially virulent substrain-VHSv-IVb-first appeared in the Laurentian Great Lakes about a decade ago, resulting in massive fish kills. It rapidly spread and has genetically diversified. This study analyzes temporal and spatial mutational patterns of VHSv-IVb across the Great Lakes for the novel non-virion (Nv) gene that is unique to this group of novirhabdoviruses, in relation to its glycoprotein (G), phosphoprotein (P), and matrix (M) genes. Results show that the Nv-gene has been evolving the fastest (k = 2.0x10(-3) substitutions/site/year), with the G-gene at similar to 1/7 that rate (k = 2.8x10(-4)). Most (all but one) of the 12 unique Nv-haplotypes identified encode different amino acids, totaling 26 changes. Among the 12 corresponding G-gene haplotypes, seven vary in amino acids with eight total changes. The P-and M-genes are more evolutionarily conserved, evolving at just similar to 1/15 (k = 1.2x10(-4)) of the Nv-gene's rate. The 12 isolates contained four P-gene haplotypes with two amino acid changes, and six M-gene haplotypes with three amino acid differences. Patterns of evolutionary changes coincided among the genes for some of the isolates, but appeared independent in others. New viral variants were discovered following the large 2006 outbreak; such differentiation may have been in response to fish populations developing resistance, meriting further investigation. Two 2012 variants were isolated by us from central Lake Erie fish that lacked classic VHSv symptoms, having genetically distinctive Nv-, G-, and M-gene sequences (with one of them also differing in its P-gene); they differ from each other by a G-gene amino acid change and also differ from all other isolates by a shared Nv-gene amino acid change. Such rapid evolutionary differentiation may allow new viral variants to evade fish host recognition and immune responses, facilitating longtime persistence along with expansion to new geographic areas. SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0135146 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0135146 UT WOS:000360144000013 PM 26313549 ER PT J AU Myer, PR Wells, JE Smith, TPL Kuehn, LA Freetly, HC AF Myer, Phillip R. Wells, James E. Smith, Timothy P. L. Kuehn, Larry A. Freetly, Harvey C. TI Microbial community profiles of the colon from steers differing in feed efficiency SO SPRINGERPLUS AB Ruminal microbial fermentation plays an essential role in host nutrition, and as a result, the rumen microbiota have been a major focus of research examining bovine feed efficiency. Microbial communities within other sections of the gastrointestinal tract may also be important with regard to feed efficiency, since it is critical to the health and nutrition of the host. The objective of this study was to characterize the microbial communities of the colon among steers differing in feed efficiency. Individual feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) gain were determined from animals fed the same ration, within two contemporary groups of steers. Four steers from each contemporary group within each Cartesian quadrant were sampled (n = 16/group) from the bivariate distribution of average daily BW gain and average daily FI. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were sequenced from the colon content using next-generation sequencing technology. Within the colon content, UniFrac principal coordinate analyses did not detect any separation of microbial communities, and bacterial diversity or richness did not differ between efficiency groups. Relative abundances of microbial populations and operational taxonomic units did reveal significant differences between efficiency groups. The phylum Firmicutes accounted for up to 70% of the populations within all samples, and families Ruminococcaceae and Clostridiaceae were highly abundant. Significant population shifts in taxa were detected, including the families Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Sphingomonadaceae, and the genera Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Prevotella, Faecalibacterium and Oscillospira. This study suggests the association of the colon microbial communities as a factor influencing feed efficiency at the 16S level. SN 2193-1801 PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 4 AR 454 DI 10.1186/s40064-015-1201-6 UT WOS:000360387900001 PM 26322260 ER PT J AU Song, HB Yang, CH Zhang, J He, DJ Thomasson, JA AF Song, Huaibo Yang, Chenghai Zhang, Jian He, Dongjian Thomasson, John Alex TI Combining fuzzy set theory and nonlinear stretching enhancement for unsupervised classification of cotton root rot SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING AB Cotton root rot is a destructive disease affecting cotton production. Accurate identification of infected areas within fields is useful for cost-effective control of the disease. The uncertainties caused by various infection stages and newly infected plants make it difficult to achieve accurate classification results from airborne imagery. The objectives of this study were to apply fuzzy set theory and nonlinear stretching enhancement to airborne multispectral imagery for unsupervised classification of cotton root rot infections. Four cotton fields near Edroy and San Angelo, Texas, were selected for this study. Airborne multispectral imagery was taken and the color-infrared (CIR) composite images were used for classification. The intensity component was enhanced by using a fuzzy-set based method, and the saturation component was enhanced by a nonlinear stretching image enhancement algorithm. The enhanced CIR composite images were then classified into infected and noninfected areas. Iterative self organization data analysis and adaptive Otsu's method were used to compare the performance of the proposed image enhancement method. The results showed that image enhancement has improved the classification accuracy of these two unsupervised classification methods for all four fields. The results from this study will be useful for detection of cotton root rot and for site-specific treatment of the disease. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) SN 1931-3195 PD AUG 26 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 096013 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.9.096013 UT WOS:000362566700001 ER PT J AU Yuan, H Zhang, JX Nageswaran, D Li, L AF Yuan, Hui Zhang, Junxiang Nageswaran, Divyashree Li, Li TI Carotenoid metabolism and regulation in horticultural crops SO HORTICULTURE RESEARCH AB Carotenoids are a diverse group of pigments widely distributed in nature. The vivid yellow, orange, and red colors of many horticultural crops are attributed to the overaccumulation of carotenoids, which contribute to a critical agronomic trait for flowers and an important quality trait for fruits and vegetables. Not only do carotenoids give horticultural crops their visual appeal, they also enhance nutritional value and health benefits for humans. As a result, carotenoid research in horticultural crops has grown exponentially over the last decade. These investigations have advanced our fundamental understanding of carotenoid metabolism and regulation in plants. In this review, we provide an overview of carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and accumulation in horticultural crops and highlight recent achievements in our understanding of carotenoid metabolic regulation in vegetables, fruits, and flowers. RI Yuan, Hui/H-6723-2016 SN 2052-7276 PD AUG 26 PY 2015 VL 2 AR 15036 DI 10.1038/hortres.2015.36 UT WOS:000360699400001 PM 26504578 ER PT J AU Aguilar, J Gramig, GG Hendrickson, JR Archer, DW Forcella, F Liebig, MA AF Aguilar, Jonathan Gramig, Greta G. Hendrickson, John R. Archer, David W. Forcella, Frank Liebig, Mark A. TI Crop Species Diversity Changes in the United States: 1978-2012 SO PLOS ONE AB Anecdotal accounts regarding reduced US cropping system diversity have raised concerns about negative impacts of increasingly homogeneous cropping systems. However, formal analyses to document such changes are lacking. Using US Agriculture Census data, which are collected every five years, we quantified crop species diversity from 1978 to 2012, for the contiguous US on a county level basis. We used Shannon diversity indices expressed as effective number of crop species (ENCS) to quantify crop diversity. We then evaluated changes in county-level crop diversity both nationally and for each of the eight Farm Resource Regions developed by the National Agriculture Statistics Service. During the 34 years we considered in our analyses, both national and regional ENCS changed. Nationally, crop diversity was lower in 2012 than in 1978. However, our analyses also revealed interesting trends between and within different Resource Regions. Overall, the Heartland Resource Region had the lowest crop diversity whereas the Fruitful Rim and Northern Crescent had the highest. In contrast to the other Resource Regions, the Mississippi Portal had significantly higher crop diversity in 2012 than in 1978. Also, within regions there were differences between counties in crop diversity. Spatial autocorrelation revealed clustering of low and high ENCS and this trend became stronger over time. These results show that, nationally counties have been clustering into areas of either low diversity or high diversity. Moreover, a significant trend of more counties shifting to lower rather than to higher crop diversity was detected. The clustering and shifting demonstrates a trend toward crop diversity loss and attendant homogenization of agricultural production systems, which could have far-reaching consequences for provision of ecosystem system services associated with agricultural systems as well as food system sustainability. SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 26 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0136580 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0136580 UT WOS:000360069400141 PM 26308552 ER PT J AU Sink, KM Espeland, MA Castro, CM Church, T Cohen, R Dodson, JA Guralnik, J Hendrie, HC Jennings, J Katula, J Lopez, OL McDermott, MM Pahor, M Reid, KF Rushing, J Verghese, J Rapp, S Williamson, JD AF Sink, Kaycee M. Espeland, Mark A. Castro, Cynthia M. Church, Timothy Cohen, Ron Dodson, John A. Guralnik, Jack Hendrie, Hugh C. Jennings, Janine Katula, Jeffery Lopez, Oscar L. McDermott, Mary M. Pahor, Marco Reid, Kieran F. Rushing, Julia Verghese, Joe Rapp, Stephen Williamson, Jeff D. CA LIFE Study Investigators TI Effect of a 24-Month Physical Activity Intervention vs Health Education on Cognitive Outcomes in Sedentary Older Adults The LIFE Randomized Trial SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB IMPORTANCE Epidemiological evidence suggests that physical activity benefits cognition, but results from randomized trials are limited and mixed. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a 24-month physical activity program results in better cognitive function, lower risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, or both, compared with a health education program. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized clinical trial, the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study, enrolled 1635 community-living participants at 8 US centers from February 2010 until December 2011. Participants were sedentary adults aged 70 to 89 years who were at risk for mobility disability but able to walk 400 m. INTERVENTIONS A structured, moderate-intensity physical activity program (n = 818) that included walking, resistance training, and flexibility exercises or a health education program (n = 817) of educational workshops and upper-extremity stretching. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prespecified secondary outcomes of the LIFE study included cognitive function measured by the Digit Symbol Coding (DSC) task subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (score range: 0-133; higher scores indicate better function) and the revised Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT-R; 12-item word list recall task) assessed in 1476 participants (90.3%). Tertiary outcomes included global and executive cognitive function and incident MCI or dementia at 24 months. RESULTS At 24 months, DSC task and HVLT-R scores (adjusted for clinic site, sex, and baseline values) were not different between groups. The mean DSC task scores were 46.26 points for the physical activity group vs 46.28 for the health education group (mean difference, -0.01 points [95% CI, -0.80 to 0.77 points], P = .97). The mean HVLT-R delayed recall scores were 7.22 for the physical activity group vs 7.25 for the health education group (mean difference, -0.03 words [95% CI, -0.29 to 0.24 words], P = .84). No differences for any other cognitive or composite measures were observed. Participants in the physical activity group who were 80 years or older (n = 307) and those with poorer baseline physical performance (n = 328) had better changes in executive function composite scores compared with the health education group (P = .01 for interaction for both comparisons). Incident MCI or dementia occurred in 98 participants (13.2%) in the physical activity group and 91 participants (12.1%) in the health education group (odds ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.80 to 1.46]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among sedentary older adults, a 24-month moderate-intensity physical activity program compared with a health education program did not result in improvements in global or domain-specific cognitive function. RI Buford, Thomas /B-1111-2011; Newman, Anne B./C-6408-2013; OI Buford, Thomas /0000-0002-9541-4358; Marsiske, Michael/0000-0001-5973-2116; Newman, Anne B./0000-0002-0106-1150; Glynn, Nancy/0000-0003-2265-0162 SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 PD AUG 25 PY 2015 VL 314 IS 8 BP 781 EP 790 DI 10.1001/jama.2015.9617 UT WOS:000360017200018 PM 26305648 ER PT J AU Basset, Y Barrios, H Segar, S Srygley, RB Aiello, A Warren, AD Delgado, F Coronado, J Lezcano, J Arizala, S Rivera, M Perez, F Bobadilla, R Lopez, Y Ramirez, JA AF Basset, Yves Barrios, Hector Segar, Simon Srygley, Robert B. Aiello, Annette Warren, Andrew D. Delgado, Francisco Coronado, James Lezcano, Jorge Arizala, Stephany Rivera, Marleny Perez, Filonila Bobadilla, Ricardo Lopez, Yacksecari Alejandro Ramirez, Jose TI The Butterflies of Barro Colorado Island, Panama: Local Extinction since the 1930s SO PLOS ONE AB Few data are available about the regional or local extinction of tropical butterfly species. When confirmed, local extinction was often due to the loss of host-plant species. We used published lists and recent monitoring programs to evaluate changes in butterfly composition on Barro Colorado Island (BCI, Panama) between an old (1923-1943) and a recent (19932013) period. Although 601 butterfly species have been recorded from BCI during the 1923-2013 period, we estimate that 390 species are currently breeding on the island, including 34 cryptic species, currently only known by their DNA Barcode Index Number. Twenty-three butterfly species that were considered abundant during the old period could not be collected during the recent period, despite a much higher sampling effort in recent times. We consider these species locally extinct from BCI and they conservatively represent 6% of the estimated local pool of resident species. Extinct species represent distant phylogenetic branches and several families. The butterfly traits most likely to influence the probability of extinction were host growth form, wing size and host specificity, independently of the phylogenetic relationships among butterfly species. On BCI, most likely candidates for extinction were small hesperiids feeding on herbs (35% of extinct species). However, contrary to our working hypothesis, extinction of these species on BCI cannot be attributed to loss of host plants. In most cases these host plants remain extant, but they probably subsist at lower or more fragmented densities. Coupled with low dispersal power, this reduced availability of host plants has probably caused the local extinction of some butterfly species. Many more bird than butterfly species have been lost from BCI recently, confirming that small preserves may be far more effective at conserving invertebrates than vertebrates and, therefore, should not necessarily be neglected from a conservation viewpoint. RI Segar, Simon/K-6783-2015; Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014 SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 25 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0136623 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0136623 UT WOS:000359995500100 PM 26305111 ER PT J AU Liu, RE How-Kit, A Stammitti, L Teyssier, E Rolin, D Mortain-Bertrand, A Halle, S Liu, MC Kong, JH Wu, CQ Degraeve-Guibault, C Chapman, NH Maucourt, M Hodgman, TC Tost, J Bouzayen, M Hong, Y Seymour, GB Giovannoni, JJ Gallusci, P AF Liu, Ruie How-Kit, Alexandre Stammitti, Linda Teyssier, Emeline Rolin, Dominique Mortain-Bertrand, Anne Halle, Stefanie Liu, Mingchun Kong, Junhua Wu, Chaoqun Degraeve-Guibault, Charlotte Chapman, Natalie H. Maucourt, Mickael Hodgman, T. Charlie Tost, Joerg Bouzayen, Mondher Hong, Yiguo Seymour, Graham B. Giovannoni, James J. Gallusci, Philippe TI A DEMETER-like DNA demethylase governs tomato fruit ripening SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB In plants, genomic DNA methylation which contributes to development and stress responses can be actively removed by DEMETER-like DNA demethylases (DMLs). Indeed, in Arabidopsis DMLs are important for maternal imprinting and endosperm demethylation, but only a few studies demonstrate the developmental roles of active DNA demethylation conclusively in this plant. Here, we show a direct cause and effect relationship between active DNA demethylation mainly mediated by the tomato DML, SlDML2, and fruit ripening-an important developmental process unique to plants. RNAi SlDML2 knockdown results in ripening inhibition via hypermethylation and repression of the expression of genes encoding ripening transcription factors and rate-limiting enzymes of key biochemical processes such as carotenoid synthesis. Our data demonstrate that active DNA demethylation is central to the control of ripening in tomato. OI Hodgman, Charlie/0000-0001-5862-8296; Seymour, Graham/0000-0001-8365-4947; Tost, Jorg/0000-0002-2683-0817; Chapman, Natalie/0000-0001-7785-0845 SN 0027-8424 PD AUG 25 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 34 BP 10804 EP 10809 DI 10.1073/pnas.1503362112 UT WOS:000360005600071 PM 26261318 ER PT J AU Parton, WJ Gutmann, MP Merchant, ER Hartman, MD Adler, PR McNeal, FM Lutz, SM AF Parton, William J. Gutmann, Myron P. Merchant, Emily R. Hartman, Melannie D. Adler, Paul R. McNeal, Frederick M. Lutz, Susan M. TI Measuring and mitigating agricultural greenhouse gas production in the US Great Plains, 1870-2000 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB The Great Plains region of the United States is an agricultural production center for the global market and, as such, an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This article uses historical agricultural census data and ecosystem models to estimate the magnitude of annual GHG fluxes from all agricultural sources (e.g., cropping, livestock raising, irrigation, fertilizer production, tractor use) in the Great Plains from 1870 to 2000. Here, we show that carbon (C) released during the plow-out of native grasslands was the largest source of GHG emissions before 1930, whereas livestock production, direct energy use, and soil nitrous oxide emissions are currently the largest sources. Climatic factors mediate these emissions, with cool and wet weather promoting C sequestration and hot and dry weather increasing GHG release. This analysis demonstrates the long-term ecosystem consequences of both historical and current agricultural activities, but also indicates that adoption of available alternative management practices could substantially mitigate agricultural GHG fluxes, ranging from a 34% reduction with a 25% adoption rate to as much as complete elimination with possible net sequestration of C when a greater proportion of farmers adopt new agricultural practices. SN 0027-8424 PD AUG 25 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 34 BP E4681 EP E4688 DI 10.1073/pnas.1416499112 UT WOS:000360005600009 PM 26240366 ER PT J AU Colegate, SM Boppre, M Monzon, J Betz, JM AF Colegate, Steven M. Boppre, Michael Monzon, Julio Betz, Joseph M. TI Pro-toxic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids in the traditional Andean herbal medicine "asmachilca" SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY AB Ethnopharmacological relevance: Asmachilca is a Peruvian medicinal herb preparation ostensibly derived from Aristeguietia gayana (Wedd.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae). Decoctions of the plant have a reported bronchodilation effect that is purported to be useful in the treatment of respiratory allergies, common cold and bronchial asthma. However, its attractiveness to pyrrolizidine alkaloid-pharmacophagous insects indicated a potential for toxicity for human consumers. Aim of the study: To determine if commercial asmachilca samples, including fully processed herbal teas, contain potentially toxic 1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids. Materials and methods: Two brands of "Asmachilca" herbal tea bags and four other commercial samples of botanical materials for preparing asmachilca medicine were extracted and analyzed using HPLC-esi (+)MS and MS/MS for the characteristic retention times and mass spectra of known dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids. Other suspected dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids were tentatively identified based on MS/MS profiles and high resolution molecular weight determinations. Further structure elucidation of isolated alkaloids was based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Results: Asmachilca attracted many species of moths which are known to pharmacophagously gather dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids. Analysis of 5 of the asmachilca samples revealed the major presence of the dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid monoesters rinderine and supinine, and their N-oxides. The 6th sample was very similar but did not contain supinine or its N-oxide. Small quantities of other dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid monoesters, including echinatine and intermedine, were also detected. In addition, two major metabolites, previously undescribed, were isolated and identified as dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid monoesters with two "head-to-tail" linked viridifloric and/or trachelanthic acids. Estimates of total pyrrolizidine alkaloid and N-oxide content in the botanical components of asmachilca varied from 0.4% to 0.9% (w/dw, dry weight) based on equivalents of lycopsamine. The mean pyrrolizidine alkaloid content of a hot water infusion of a commercial asmachilca herbal tea bag was 2.2 +/- 0.5 mg lycopsamine equivalents. Morphological and chemical evidence showed that asmachilca is prepared from different plant species. Conclusions: All asmachilca samples and the herbal tea infusions contained toxicologically-relevant concentrations of pro-toxic 1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid esters and, therefore, present a risk to the health of humans. This raises questions concerning the ongoing unrestricted availability of such products on the Peruvian and international market. In addition to medical surveys of consumers of asmachilca, in the context of chronic disease potentially associated with ingestion of the dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids, the botanical origins of asmachilca preparations require detailed elucidation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Boppre, Michael/P-4346-2016 SN 0378-8741 PD AUG 22 PY 2015 VL 172 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.012 UT WOS:000359875900019 PM 26087231 ER PT J AU Fang, H Hu, XH Wang, ML Wan, WC Yang, QH Sun, XS Gu, Q Gao, XX Wang, ZT Gu, LQ Chen, CYO Wei, XY AF Fang, Hua Hu, Xiaohong Wang, Meiling Wan, Wencheng Yang, Qiaohong Sun, Xiaosheng Gu, Qiong Gao, Xinxin Wang, Zhengtao Gu, Lianquan Chen, C. -Y. Oliver Wei, Xiaoyong TI Anti-osmotic and antioxidant activities of gigantol from Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum against cataractogenesis in galactosemic rats SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY AB Ethnopharmacological relevance: Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanumis widespread in southern China, locally known as "Shihu", "Huangcao" or "Fengdou", has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for antipyretic, immunomodulatory, anti-aging effects and eye benefiting. Aim of this study: To investigate the effects of gigantol extracted from the stem of D. aurantiacum var. denneanum on the formation of galactose-induced cataractogenesis and the potential mechanisms underlying these effects.' Materials and methods: Cataract lens models were induced by D-galactose both in vitro and in vivo. The transparency of the rat lenses in vitro and in vivo was observed with an anatomical microscope and a slit lamp microscope. The differential protein and action targets of gigantol were determined and compared among the control group, model group, and gigantol group using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS). Enzyme kinetics was used to show the ability of gigantol to respress aldose reductase (AR) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). was used to detect repression of the expression of AR and iNOS genes. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation were used to predict the interaction points and combination patterns between gigantol, AR, and iNOS. Results: Gigantol was found to prevent galactose-induced damage to the rat lenses both in vitro and in vivo, to delay lens turbidity, and to keep the lenses transparent. Differential proteomes, MS, and RT-qPCR showed AR and iNOS to be the target proteins of gigantol. Gigantol reduced the galactose-induced AR and iNOS mRNA expression by 51.2% and 60.9%, respectively. The IC50 of gigantol for inhibition of AR and iNOS activities were 65.67 mu g/mL and 8.768 mu g/mL, respectively. Gigantol-AR binding sites were Trp111, His110, Tyr48, and Trp20, and gigantol-iNOS binding sites were Ile195 and Gln257. The main forms of interaction were hydrophobic forces, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces. Conclusion: Gigantol extracted from D. aurantiacum var. denneanum was found to inhibit galactose-induced formation of cataracts through repression of the gene expression and activity of AR and iNOS. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0378-8741 PD AUG 22 PY 2015 VL 172 BP 238 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.034 UT WOS:000359875900026 PM 26119284 ER PT J AU Penaluna, BE Dunham, JB Railsback, SF Arismendi, I Johnson, SL Bilby, RE Safeeq, M Skaugset, AE AF Penaluna, Brooke E. Dunham, Jason B. Railsback, Steve F. Arismendi, Ivan Johnson, Sherri L. Bilby, Robert E. Safeeq, Mohammad Skaugset, Arne E. TI Local Variability Mediates Vulnerability of Trout Populations to Land Use and Climate Change SO PLOS ONE AB Land use and climate change occur simultaneously around the globe. Fully understanding their separate and combined effects requires a mechanistic understanding at the local scale where their effects are ultimately realized. Here we applied an individual-based model of fish population dynamics to evaluate the role of local stream variability in modifying responses of Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) to scenarios simulating identical changes in temperature and stream flows linked to forest harvest, climate change, and their combined effects over six decades. We parameterized the model for four neighboring streams located in a forested headwater catchment in northwestern Oregon, USA with multi-year, daily measurements of stream temperature, flow, and turbidity (20072011), and field measurements of both instream habitat structure and three years of annual trout population estimates. Model simulations revealed that variability in habitat conditions among streams (depth, available habitat) mediated the effects of forest harvest and climate change. Net effects for most simulated trout responses were different from or less than the sum of their separate scenarios. In some cases, forest harvest countered the effects of climate change through increased summer flow. Climate change most strongly influenced trout (earlier fry emergence, reductions in biomass of older trout, increased biomass of young-of-year), but these changes did not consistently translate into reductions in biomass over time. Forest harvest, in contrast, produced fewer and less consistent responses in trout. Earlier fry emergence driven by climate change was the most consistent simulated response, whereas survival, growth, and biomass were inconsistent. Overall our findings indicate a host of local processes can strongly influence how populations respond to broad scale effects of land use and climate change. RI Arismendi, Ivan/B-3144-2010; OI Arismendi, Ivan/0000-0002-8774-9350; Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847 SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 21 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0135334 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0135334 UT WOS:000359926900027 PM 26295478 ER PT J AU Peterson, KE Spadano-Gasbarro, JL Greaney, ML Austin, SB Mezgebu, S Hunt, AT Blood, EA Horan, C Feldman, HA Osganian, SK Bettencourt, MF Richmond, TK AF Peterson, Karen E. Spadano-Gasbarro, Jennifer L. Greaney, Mary L. Austin, S. Bryn Mezgebu, Solomon Hunt, Anne T. Blood, Emily A. Horan, Chrissy Feldman, Henry A. Osganian, Stavroula K. Bettencourt, Maria F. Richmond, Tracy K. TI Three-Year Improvements in Weight Status and Weight-Related Behaviors in Middle School Students: The Healthy Choices Study SO PLOS ONE AB Introduction Few dissemination evaluations exist to document the effectiveness of evidence-based childhood obesity interventions outside the research setting. Objective Evaluate Healthy Choices (HC), a multi-component obesity prevention program, by examining school-level changes in weight-related behaviors and weight status and the association of implementation components with odds of overweight/obesity. Methods We compared baseline and Year 3 school-level behavioral and weight status outcomes with paired t-tests adjusted for schools' socio-demographic characteristics. We used generalized estimating equations to examine the odds of overweight/obesity associated with program components. Setting/Participants Consecutive sample of 45 of 51 middle schools participating in the HC program with complete baseline and follow-up survey data including a subsample of 35 schools with measured anthropomentry for 5,665 7th grade students. Intervention Schools developed a multi-disciplinary team and implemented an obesity prevention curriculum, before and after school activities, environmental and policy changes and health promotions targeting a 5-2-1 theme: eat >= 5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables (FV), watch <= 2 hours of television (TV) and participate in >= 1 hours/day of physical activity (PA) on most days Main Outcome Measures 1) School-level percent of students achieving targeted behaviors and percent overweight/obese; and 2) individual odds of overweight/obesity. Results The percent achieving behavioral goals over three years increased significantly for FV: 16.4 to 19.4 (p = 0.001), TV: 53.4 to 58.2 (p = 0.003) and PA: 37.1 to 39.9 (p = 0.02), adjusting for school size, baseline mean age and percent female, non-Hispanic White, and eligible for free and reduced price lunch. In 35 schools with anthropometry, the percent of overweight/obese 7th grade students decreased from 42.1 to 38.4 (p = 0.016). Having a team that met the HC definition was associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity (OR = 0.83, CI: 0.71-0.98). Conclusions and Relevance The HC multi-component intervention demonstrated three-year improvements in weight-related behaviors and weight status across diverse middle schools. Team building appears important to the program's effectiveness. RI Dey, Kamalesh/E-6568-2017 SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 21 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0134470 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134470 UT WOS:000359926900012 PM 26295837 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE AF Lugo, Ariel E. TI Forestry in the Anthropocene SO SCIENCE SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 PD AUG 21 PY 2015 VL 349 IS 6250 BP 771 EP 771 DI 10.1126/science.aad2208 UT WOS:000359832700001 PM 26293928 ER PT J AU Millar, CI Stephenson, NL AF Millar, Constance I. Stephenson, Nathan L. TI Temperate forest health in an era of emerging megadisturbance SO SCIENCE AB Although disturbances such as fire and native insects can contribute to natural dynamics of forest health, exceptional droughts, directly and in combination with other disturbance factors, are pushing some temperate forests beyond thresholds of sustainability. Interactions from increasing temperatures, drought, native insects and pathogens, and uncharacteristically severe wildfire are resulting in forest mortality beyond the levels of 20th-century experience. Additional anthropogenic stressors, such as atmospheric pollution and invasive species, further weaken trees in some regions. Although continuing climate change will likely drive many areas of temperate forest toward large- scale transformations, management actions can help ease transitions and minimize losses of socially valued ecosystem services. SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 PD AUG 21 PY 2015 VL 349 IS 6250 BP 823 EP 826 DI 10.1126/science.aaa9933 UT WOS:000359832700037 PM 26293954 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Mock, NM Smith, JM Aver'yanov, AA AF Baker, Con J. Mock, Norton M. Smith, Jodi M. Aver'yanov, Andrey A. TI The dynamics of apoplast phenolics in tobacco leaves following inoculation with bacteria SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB This study demonstrates that the accumulation of apoplastic phenolics is stimulated in planta in response to bacterial inoculation. Past studies have shown that levels of extracellular phenolics are elicited in plant cell suspensions in response to bacteria, and that tomato plants infected with viroids showed changes in apoplastic phenolics. The method described here monitored changes in apoplastic phenolics in tobacco leaves following bacterial inoculation of the same tissue. Inoculation with a saprophyte, Pseudomonas fluorescens, which does not cause visible symptoms or physical damage, was used to elicit phenolics and examine the effects of variable parameters on phenolic composition. Location of the inoculation on the leaf, position, or developmental age of the leaf on the plant, and inoculum concentration were standardized for further experiments. The patterns of phenolic change in the apoplast were compared for tobacco inoculated with P. syringae pathovars, pv. syringae, which causes a resistant HR reaction within 15 h, and pv. tabaci, which causes a susceptible reaction with delayed visible symptoms. Both pathogens elicited lower increased levels of acetosyringone compared to the saprophyte, P. fluorescens but had greatly increased levels of the chlorogenic acid derivatives. The latter metabolites appear to have come from the intracellular stores, which could indicate a weakening of the apoplast/symplast barrier. This unexpected aspect will require further study of intracellular phenolics. SN 1664-462X PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 649 DI 10.3389/fpls.2015.00649 UT WOS:000360440700001 PM 26347765 ER PT J AU Li, XB Jin, F Jin, L Jackson, A Ma, X Shu, XL Wu, DX Jin, GQ AF Li, Xiaobai Jin, Feng Jin, Liang Jackson, Aaron Ma, Xiang Shu, Xiaoli Wu, Dianxing Jin, Guoqiang TI Characterization and comparative profiling of the small RNA transcriptomes in two phases of flowering in Cymbidium ensifolium SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: Cymbidium ensifolium is one of the most important ornamental flowers in China, with an elegant shape, beautiful appearance, and a fragrant aroma. Its unique flower shape has long attracted scientists. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators in plant development and physiology, including floral development. However, to date, few studies have examined miRNAs in C. ensifolium. Results: In this study, we employed Solexa technology to sequence four small RNA libraries from two flowering phases to identify miRNAs related to floral development. We identified 48 mature conserved miRNA and 71 precursors. These conserved miRNA belonged to 20 families. We also identified 45 novel miRNA which includes 21 putative novel miRNAs*, and 28 hairpin forming precursors. Two trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) were identified, one of which was homologous to TAS3a1. TAS3a1 belongs to the TAS3 family, which has been previously reported to target auxin response factors (ARF) and be involved in plant growth and floral development. Moreover, we built a C. ensifolium transctriptome database to identify genes targeted by miRNA, which resulted in 790 transcriptomic target unigenes. The target unigenes were annotated with information from the non-redundant (Nr), gene ontology database (GO), eukaryotic orthologous groups (KOGs) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. The unigenes included MADS-box transcription factors targeted by miR156, miR172 and miR5179, and various hormone responding factors targeted by miR159. The MADS-box transcription factors are well known to determine the identity of flower organs and hormone responding factors involved in floral development. In expression analysis, three novel and four conserved miRNA were differentially expressed between two phases of flowering. The results were confirmed by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. The differential expression of two miRNA, miR160 and miR396, targeted ARFs and growth regulating factor (GRF), respectively. However, most of these small RNA were clustered in the uncharacterized group, which suggests there may be many novel small non-coding RNAs yet to be discovered. Conclusion: Our study provides a diverse set of miRNAs related to cymbidium floral development and serves as a useful resource for investigating miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms of floral development. RI Jin, Liang/C-4345-2011 OI Jin, Liang/0000-0001-6598-5144 SN 1471-2164 PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 16 AR 622 DI 10.1186/s12864-015-1764-1 UT WOS:000359687300002 PM 26289943 ER PT J AU Rellan-Alvarez, R Lobet, G Lindner, H Pradier, PL Sebastian, J Yee, MC Geng, Y Trontin, C LaRue, T Schrager-Lavelle, A Haney, CH Nieu, R Maloof, J Vogel, JP Dinneny, JR AF Rellan-Alvarez, Ruben Lobet, Guillaume Lindner, Heike Pradier, Pierre-Luc Sebastian, Jose Yee, Muh-Ching Geng, Yu Trontin, Charlotte LaRue, Therese Schrager-Lavelle, Amanda Haney, Cara H. Nieu, Rita Maloof, Julin Vogel, John P. Dinneny, Jose R. TI GLO-Roots: an imaging platform enabling multidimensional characterization of soil-grown root systems SO ELIFE AB Root systems develop different root types that individually sense cues from their local environment and integrate this information with systemic signals. This complex multi-dimensional amalgam of inputs enables continuous adjustment of root growth rates, direction, and metabolic activity that define a dynamic physical network. Current methods for analyzing root biology balance physiological relevance with imaging capability. To bridge this divide, we developed an integrated-imaging system called Growth and Luminescence Observatory for Roots (GLO-Roots) that uses luminescence-based reporters to enable studies of root architecture and gene expression patterns in soil-grown, light-shielded roots. We have developed image analysis algorithms that allow the spatial integration of soil properties, gene expression, and root system architecture traits. We propose GLO-Roots as a system that has great utility in presenting environmental stimuli to roots in ways that evoke natural adaptive responses and in providing tools for studying the multi-dimensional nature of such processes. OI Yee, Muh-ching/0000-0002-0445-7927; Sebastian, Jose/0000-0002-1826-0308; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689; Rellan-Alvarez, Ruben/0000-0001-6843-3716 SN 2050-084X PD AUG 19 PY 2015 VL 4 AR e07597 DI 10.7554/eLife.07597 UT WOS:000373814300001 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, Mendel TI Chemistry, Nutrition, and Health-Promoting Properties of Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane) Mushroom Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia and Their Bioactive Compounds SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB The culinary and medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus is widely consumed in Asian countries, but apparently not in the United States, for its nutritional and health benefits. To stimulate broader interest in the reported beneficial properties, this overview surveys and consolidates the widely scattered literature on the chemistry (isolation and structural characterization) of polysaccharides and secondary metabolites such as erinacines, hericerins, hericenones, resorcinols, steroids, mono- and diterpenes, and volatile aroma compounds, nutritional composition, food and industrial uses, and exceptional nutritional and health-promoting aspects of H. erinaceus. The reported health-promoting properties of the mushroom fruit bodies, mycelia, and bioactive pure compounds include antibiotic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antifatigue, antihypertensive, antihyperlipodemic, antisenescence, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties and improvement of anxiety, cognitive function, and depression. The described anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunostimulating properties in cells, animals, and humans seem to be responsible for the multiple health-promoting properties. A wide range of research advances and techniques are described and evaluated. The collated information and suggestion for further research might facilitate and guide further studies to optimize the use of the whole mushrooms and about 70 characterized actual and potential bioactive secondary metabolites to help prevent or treat human chronic, cognitive, and neurological diseases. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 PD AUG 19 PY 2015 VL 63 IS 32 BP 7108 EP 7123 DI 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02914 UT WOS:000359962700003 PM 26244378 ER PT J AU Price, NPJ Vermillion, KE Eller, FJ Vaughn, SF AF Price, Neil P. J. Vermillion, Karl E. Eller, Fred J. Vaughn, Steven F. TI Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). The sugar composition consists of L-arabinofuranose (L-Araf, 55.2%) and D-galactopyranose (D-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of p-xylose (11.2%), p-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, similar to 2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf NMR (HSQC, TOCSY, HMBC, DOSY) identified beta Galp and three alpha Araf spin systems, in an Araf-alpha 1,3-Araf-alpha 1,2-Araf-alpha 1,2-Galp structural motif. Diffusion-ordered NMR showed that the FGP has a molecular weight of 1-10 MDa. Unlike gum arabic, the FGP does not contain a hydroxyproline-rich protein (HPRP). FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for >= 72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. Hence, FGP is a beta 1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries. SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 PD AUG 19 PY 2015 VL 63 IS 32 BP 7286 EP 7293 DI 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02316 UT WOS:000359962700022 PM 26234618 ER PT J AU Davis, AJ Phillips, ML Doherty, PF AF Davis, Amy J. Phillips, Michael L. Doherty, Paul F., Jr. TI Nest Success of Gunnison Sage-Grouse in Colorado, USA SO PLOS ONE AB Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is a species of concern for which little demographic information exists. To help fill this information gap, we investigated factors affecting nest success in two populations of Gunnison Sage-Grouse. We assessed the relative effects of (1) vegetation characteristics (e.g., shrub height, shrub cover, grass cover, and grass height), (2) temporal factors (e.g., year, timing of incubation initiation, and nest age), (3) precipitation, and (4) age of the nesting female (yearling or adult) on nest success rates. We found 177 nests in the Gunnison Basin population (that contains 85-90% of the species) from 2005-2010 and 20 nests in the San Miguel population (that contains < 10% of the species) from 2007-2010. Temporal factors had the greatest impact on nest success compared to vegetation characteristics, precipitation, and female age. Nest success varied considerably among years ranging from 4.0%-60.2% in Gunnison Basin and from 12.9%51.9% in San Miguel. Nests that were initiated earlier in the breeding season had higher nest success (at least one egg hatches). Daily nest survival rates decreased during the course of incubation. None of the vegetation characteristics we examined were strongly related to nest success. SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 19 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0136310 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0136310 UT WOS:000360018600128 PM 26287996 ER PT J AU Biely, P Malovikova, A Uhliarikova, I Li, XL Wong, DWS AF Biely, Peter Malovikova, Anna Uhliarikova, Iveta Li, Xin-Liang Wong, Dominic W. S. TI Glucuronoyl esterases are active on the polymeric substrate methyl esterified glucuronoxylan SO FEBS LETTERS AB Alkali extracted beechwood glucuronoxylan methyl ester prepared by esterification of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid side residues by methanol was found to serve as substrate of microbial glucuronoyl esterases from Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Schizophyllum commune and Trichoderma reesei. The enzymatic deesterification was monitored by H-1 NMR spectroscopy and evaluated on the basis of the decrease of the signal of the ester methyl group and increase of the signal of methanol. The results show for the first time the action of enzymes on polymeric substrate, which imitates more closely the natural substrate in plant cell walls than the low molecular mass artificial substrates used up to present. (C) 2015 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0014-5793 EI 1873-3468 PD AUG 19 PY 2015 VL 589 IS 18 BP 2334 EP 2339 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.019 UT WOS:000359882800008 PM 26216754 ER PT J AU Rezende, JM Ochoa, R Lofego, AC AF Rezende, Jose M. Ochoa, Ronald Lofego, Antonio C. TI Ten new species of Daidalotarsonemus (Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae) from Costa Rica SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY AB Ten new tarsonemid species of the genus Daidalotarsonemus found on native plants in Costa Rica are described herein: Daidalotarsonemus alas sp. n. Ochoa, Rezende & Lofego; Daidalotarsonemus azofeifai sp. n. Ochoa, Rezende & Lofego; Daidalotarsonemus bauchani sp. n. Rezende, Ochoa & Lofego; Daidalotarsonemus cuadradus sp. n. Ochoa, Rezende & Lofego; Daidalotarsonemus ginae sp. n. Ochoa, Rezende & Lofego; Daidalotarsonemus lini sp. n. Ochoa, Rezende & Lofego; Daidalotarsonemus marini sp. n. Ochoa, Rezende & Lofego; Daidalotarsonemus maryae sp. n. Ochoa, Rezende & Lofego; Daidalotarsonemus puntarenensis sp. n. Rezende, Ochoa & Lofego; and Daidalotarsonemus serratus sp. n. Rezende, Ochoa & Lofego. Measurements, a diagnosis for all the new species and a key to the species known to occur in Costa Rica is provided. The findings related in this article emphasize the importance of conducting mite surveys in rainforests around the world, to better understand the mite diversity which inhabits these biomes.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8DF0990A-E78B-43A4-935E-389AE2DFC497 RI Lofego, Antonio /H-6266-2012; OI Lofego, Antonio Carlos/0000-0002-3495-6858 SN 0164-7954 EI 1945-3892 PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 41 IS 6 BP 449 EP 493 DI 10.1080/01647954.2015.1080929 UT WOS:000361131500001 ER PT J AU Ma, CX Chhikara, S Minocha, R Long, S Musante, C White, JC Xing, BS Dhankher, OP AF Ma, Chuanxin Chhikara, Sudesh Minocha, Rakesh Long, Stephanie Musante, Craig White, Jason C. Xing, Baoshan Dhankher, Om Parkash TI Reduced Silver Nanoparticle Phytotoxicity in Crambe abyssinica with Enhanced Glutathione Production by Overexpressing Bacterial gamma-Glutamylcysteine Synthase SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are widely used in consumer products, and their release has raised serious concerns about the risk of their exposure to the environment and to human health. However, biochemical mechanisms by which plants counteract NP toxicity are largely unknown. We have previously engineered Crambe abyssinica plants expressing the bacterial gamma-glutamylecysteine synthase (gamma-ECS) for enhancing glutathione (GSH) levels. In this study, we investigated if enhanced levels of GSH and its derivatives can protect plants from Ag NPs and AgNO3 (Ag+ ions). Our results showed that transgenic lines, when exposed to Ag NPs and Ag+ ions, were significantly more tolerant, attaining a 28%-46% higher biomass and 34-49% more chlorophyll content, as well as maintaining 35-46% higher transpiration rates as compared to those of wild type (WT) plants. Transgenic gamma-ECS lines showed 2-6-fold Ag accumulation in shoot tissue and slightly lower or no difference in root tissue relative to levels in WT plants. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in gamma-ECS lines were also 27.3-32.5% lower than those in WT Crambe. These results indicate that GSH and related peptides protect plants from Ag nanotoxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first direct report of Ag NP detoxification by GSH in transgenic plants, and these results will be highly useful in developing strategies to counteract the phytotoxicty of metal-based nanoparticles in crop plants. RI Dhankher, Om Parkash/P-1880-2016 SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 16 BP 10117 EP 10126 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02007 UT WOS:000359891700084 PM 26186015 ER PT J AU Pfalzer, AC Nesbeth, PDC Parnell, LD Iyer, LK Liu, ZH Kane, AV Chen, CYO Tai, AK Bowman, TA Obin, MS Mason, JB Greenberg, AS Choi, SW Selhub, J Paul, L Crott, JW AF Pfalzer, Anna C. Nesbeth, Paula-Dene C. Parnell, Laurence D. Iyer, Lakshmanan K. Liu, Zhenhua Kane, Anne V. Chen, C-Y. Oliver Tai, Albert K. Bowman, Thomas A. Obin, Martin S. Mason, Joel B. Greenberg, Andrew S. Choi, Sang-Woon Selhub, Jacob Paul, Ligi Crott, Jimmy W. TI Diet- and Genetically-Induced Obesity Differentially Affect the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Apc(1638N) Mice SO PLOS ONE AB Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), and alterations in the colonic microbiome and metabolome may be mechanistically involved in this relationship. The relative contribution of diet and obesity per se are unclear. We compared the effect of diet-and genetically-induced obesity on the intestinal microbiome and metabolome in a mouse model of CRC. Apc(1638N) mice were made obese by either high fat (HF) feeding or the presence of the Lepr(db/db) (DbDb) mutation. Intestinal tumors were quantified and stool microbiome and metabolome were profiled. Genetic obesity, and to a lesser extent HF feeding, promoted intestinal tumorigenesis. Each induced distinct microbial patterns: taxa enriched in HF were mostly Firmicutes (6 of 8) while those enriched in DbDb were split between Firmicutes (7 of 12) and Proteobacteria (5 of 12). Parabecteroides distasonis was lower in tumor-bearing mice and its abundance was inversely associated with colonic Il1b production (p<0.05). HF and genetic obesity altered the abundance of 49 and 40 fecal metabolites respectively, with 5 in common. Of these 5, adenosine was also lower in obese and in tumor-bearing mice (p<0.05) and its concentration was inversely associated with colonic Il1b and Tnf production (p<0.05). HF and genetic obesity differentially alter the intestinal microbiome and metabolome. A depletion of adenosine and P. distasonis in tumor-bearing mice could play a mechanistic role in tumor formation. Adenosine and P. distasonis have previously been shown to be anti-inflammatory in the colon and we postulate their reduction could promote tumorigenesis by de-repressing inflammation. SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0135758 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0135758 UT WOS:000359666100067 PM 26284788 ER PT J AU Hufbauer, RA Szucs, M Kasyon, E Youngberg, C Koontz, MJ Richards, C Tuff, T Melbourne, BA AF Hufbauer, Ruth A. Szucs, Marianna Kasyon, Emily Youngberg, Courtney Koontz, Michael J. Richards, Christopher Tuff, Ty Melbourne, Brett A. TI Three types of rescue can avert extinction in a changing environment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Setting aside high-quality large areas of habitat to protect threatened populations is becoming increasingly difficult as humans fragment and degrade the environment. Biologists and managers therefore must determine the best way to shepherd small populations through the dual challenges of reductions in both the number of individuals and genetic variability. By bringing in additional individuals, threatened populations can be increased in size (demographic rescue) or provided with variation to facilitate adaptation and reduce inbreeding (genetic rescue). The relative strengths of demographic and genetic rescue for reducing extinction and increasing growth of threatened populations are untested, and which type of rescue is effective may vary with population size. Using the flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) in a microcosm experiment, we disentangled the genetic and demographic components of rescue, and compared them with adaptation from standing genetic variation (evolutionary rescue in the strictest sense) using 244 experimental populations founded at either a smaller (50 individuals) or larger (150 individuals) size. Both types of rescue reduced extinction, and those effects were additive. Over the course of six generations, genetic rescue increased population sizes and intrinsic fitness substantially. Both large and small populations showed evidence of being able to adapt from standing genetic variation. Our results support the practice of genetic rescue in facilitating adaptation and reducing inbreeding depression, and suggest that demographic rescue alone may suffice in larger populations even if only moderately inbred individuals are available for addition. OI Koontz, Michael/0000-0002-8276-210X SN 0027-8424 PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 33 BP 10557 EP 10562 DI 10.1073/pnas.1504732112 UT WOS:000359738300100 PM 26240320 ER PT J AU Kunsmann, L Ruter, C Bauwens, A Greune, L Gluder, M Kemper, B Fruth, A Wai, SN He, XH Lloubes, R Schmidt, MA Dobrindt, U Mellmann, A Karch, H Bielaszewska, M AF Kunsmann, Lisa Rueter, Christian Bauwens, Andreas Greune, Lilo Glueder, Malte Kemper, Bjoern Fruth, Angelika Wai, Sun Nyunt He, Xiaohua Lloubes, Roland Schmidt, M. Alexander Dobrindt, Ulrich Mellmann, Alexander Karch, Helge Bielaszewska, Martina TI Virulence from vesicles: Novel mechanisms of host cell injury by Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak strain SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB The highly virulent Escherichia coli O104:H4 that caused the large 2011 outbreak of diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome secretes blended virulence factors of enterohaemorrhagic and enteroaggregative E. coli, but their secretion pathways are unknown. We demonstrate that the outbreak strain releases a cocktail of virulence factors via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) shed during growth. The OMVs contain Shiga toxin (Stx) 2a, the major virulence factor of the strain, Shigella enterotoxin 1, H4 flagellin, and O104 lipopolysaccharide. The OMVs bind to and are internalised by human intestinal epithelial cells via dynamin-dependent and Stx2a-independent endocytosis, deliver the OMV-associated virulence factors intracellularly and induce caspase-9-mediated apoptosis and interleukin-8 secretion. Stx2a is the key OMV component responsible for the cytotoxicity, whereas flagellin and lipopolysaccharide are the major interleukin-8 inducers. The OMVs represent novel ways for the E. coli O104: H4 outbreak strain to deliver pathogenic cargoes and injure host cells. RI Ruter, Christian/B-5127-2017 OI Ruter, Christian/0000-0003-1982-4811 SN 2045-2322 PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 13252 DI 10.1038/srep13252 UT WOS:000359660800001 PM 26283502 ER PT J AU Philmus, B Shaffer, BT Kidarsa, TA Yan, Q Raaijmakers, JM Begley, TP Loper, JE AF Philmus, Benjamin Shaffer, Brenda T. Kidarsa, Teresa A. Yan, Qing Raaijmakers, Jos M. Begley, Tadhg P. Loper, Joyce E. TI Investigations into the Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Self-Resistance of Toxoflavin in Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 SO CHEMBIOCHEM AB Pseudomonas spp. are prolific producers of natural products from many structural classes. Here we show that the soil bacterium Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 is capable of producing trace levels of the triazine natural product toxoflavin (1) under microaerobic conditions. We evaluated toxoflavin production by derivatives of Pf-5 with deletions in specific biosynthesis genes, which led us to propose a revised biosynthetic pathway for toxoflavin that shares the first two steps with riboflavin biosynthesis. We also report that toxM, which is not present in the well-characterized cluster of Burkholderia glumae, encodes a monooxygenase that degrades toxoflavin. The toxoflavin degradation product of ToxM is identical to that of TflA, the toxoflavin lyase from Paenibacillus polymyxa. Toxoflavin production by P. protegens causes inhibition of several plant-pathogenic bacteria, and introduction of toxM into the toxoflavin-sensitive strain Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 results in resistance to toxoflavin. RI Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014; OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614; KNAW, NIOO-KNAW/0000-0002-3835-159X; Loper, Joyce/0000-0003-3501-5969 SN 1439-4227 EI 1439-7633 PD AUG 17 PY 2015 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1782 EP 1790 DI 10.1002/cbic.201500247 UT WOS:000359314400014 PM 26077901 ER PT J AU Dai, S Cha, JH Rosenbaum, EJ Zhang, W Seol, Y AF Dai, Sheng Cha, Jong-Ho Rosenbaum, Eilis J. Zhang, Wu Seol, Yongkoo TI Thermal conductivity measurements in unsaturated hydrate-bearing sediments SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB Current database on the thermal properties of hydrate-bearing sediments remains limited and has not been able to capture their consequential changes during gas production where vigorous phase changes occur in this unsaturated system. This study uses the transient plane source (TPS) technique to measure the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate-bearing sediments with various hydrate/water/gas saturations. We propose a simplified method to obtain thermal properties from single-sided TPS signatures. Results reveal that both volume fraction and distribution of the pore constituents govern the thermal conductivity of unsaturated specimens. Thermal conductivity hysteresis is observed due to water redistribution and fabric change caused by hydrate formation and dissociation. Measured thermal conductivity increases evidently when hydrate saturation S-h>30-40%, shifting upward from the geometric mean model prediction to a Pythagorean mixing model. These observations envisage a significant drop in sediment thermal conductivity when residual hydrate/water saturation falls below similar to 40%, hindering further gas production. OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0003-0221-3993 SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 15 BP 6295 EP 6305 DI 10.1002/2015GL064492 UT WOS:000360414900021 ER PT J AU Bai, Y Dougherty, L Cheng, LL Zhong, GY Xu, KN AF Bai, Yang Dougherty, Laura Cheng, Lailiang Zhong, Gan-Yuan Xu, Kenong TI Uncovering co-expression gene network modules regulating fruit acidity in diverse apples SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: Acidity is a major contributor to fruit quality. Several organic acids are present in apple fruit, but malic acid is predominant and determines fruit acidity. The trait is largely controlled by the Malic acid (Ma) locus, underpinning which Ma1 that putatively encodes a vacuolar aluminum-activated malate transporter1 (ALMT1)-like protein is a strong candidate gene. We hypothesize that fruit acidity is governed by a gene network in which Ma1 is key member. The goal of this study is to identify the gene network and the potential mechanisms through which the network operates. Results: Guided by Ma1, we analyzed the transcriptomes of mature fruit of contrasting acidity from six apple accessions of genotype Ma_ (MaMa or Mama) and four of mama using RNA-seq and identified 1301 fruit acidity associated genes, among which 18 were most significant acidity genes (MSAGs). Network inferring using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed five co-expression gene network modules of significant (P < 0.001) correlation with malate. Of these, the Ma1 containing module (Turquoise) of 336 genes showed the highest correlation (0.79). We also identified 12 intramodular hub genes from each of the five modules and 18 enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and MapMan sub-bines, including two GO terms (GO: 0015979 and GO: 0009765) and two MapMap sub-bins (1.3.4 and 1.1.1.1) related to photosynthesis in module Turquoise. Using Lemon-Tree algorithms, we identified 12 regulator genes of probabilistic scores 35.5-81.0, including MDP0000525602 (a LLR receptor kinase), MDP0000319170 (an IQD2-like CaM binding protein) and MDP0000190273 (an EIN3-like transcription factor) of greater interest for being one of the 18 MSAGs or one of the 12 intramodular hub genes in Turquoise, and/or a regulator to the cluster containing Ma1. Conclusions: The most relevant finding of this study is the identification of the MSAGs, intramodular hub genes, enriched photosynthesis related processes, and regulator genes in a WGCNA module Turquoise that not only encompasses Ma1 but also shows the highest modular correlation with acidity. Overall, this study provides important insight into the Ma1-mediated gene network controlling acidity in mature apple fruit of diverse genetic background. SN 1471-2164 PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 16 AR 612 DI 10.1186/s12864-015-1816-6 UT WOS:000359526400005 PM 26276125 ER PT J AU Nettleton, JA Follis, JL Ngwa, JS Smith, CE Ahmad, S Tanaka, T Wojczynski, MK Voortman, T Lemaitre, RN Kristiansson, K Nuotio, ML Houston, DK Perala, MM Qi, QB Sonestedt, E Manichaikul, A Kanoni, S Ganna, A Mikkila, V North, KE Siscovick, DS Harald, K Mckeown, NM Johansson, I Rissanen, H Liu, YM Lahti, J Hu, FB Bandinelli, S Rukh, G Rich, S Booij, L Dmitriou, M Ax, E Raitakari, O Mukamal, K Mannisto, S Hallmans, G Jula, A Ericson, U Jacobs, DR Van Rooij, FJA Deloukas, P Sjogren, P Kahonen, M Djousse, L Perola, M Barroso, I Hofman, A Stirrups, K Viikari, J Uitterlinden, AG Kalafati, IP Franco, OH Mozaffarian, D Salomaa, V Borecki, IB Knekt, P Kritchevsky, SB Eriksson, JG Dedoussis, GV Qi, L Ferrucci, L Orho-Melander, M Zillikens, MC Ingelsson, E Lehtimaki, T Renstrom, F Cupples, LA Loos, RJF Franks, PW AF Nettleton, Jennifer A. Follis, Jack L. Ngwa, Julius S. Smith, Caren E. Ahmad, Shafqat Tanaka, Toshiko Wojczynski, Mary K. Voortman, Trudy Lemaitre, Rozenn N. Kristiansson, Kati Nuotio, Marja-Liisa Houston, Denise K. Perala, Mia-Maria Qi, Qibin Sonestedt, Emily Manichaikul, Ani Kanoni, Stavroula Ganna, Andrea Mikkila, Vera North, Kari E. Siscovick, David S. Harald, Kennet Mckeown, Nicola M. Johansson, Ingegerd Rissanen, Harri Liu, Yongmei Lahti, Jari Hu, Frank B. Bandinelli, Stefania Rukh, Gull Rich, Stephen Booij, Lisanne Dmitriou, Maria Ax, Erika Raitakari, Olli Mukamal, Kenneth Mannisto, Satu Hallmans, Goran Jula, Antti Ericson, Ulrika Jacobs, David R., Jr. Van Rooij, Frank J. A. Deloukas, Panos Sjogren, Per Kahonen, Mika Djousse, Luc Perola, Markus Barroso, Ines Hofman, Albert Stirrups, Kathleen Viikari, Jorma Uitterlinden, Andre G. Kalafati, Ioanna P. Franco, Oscar H. Mozaffarian, Dariush Salomaa, Veikko Borecki, Ingrid B. Knekt, Paul Kritchevsky, Stephen B. Eriksson, Johan G. Dedoussis, George V. Qi, Lu Ferrucci, Luigi Orho-Melander, Marju Zillikens, M. Carola Ingelsson, Erik Lehtimaki, Terho Renstrom, Frida Cupples, L. Adrienne Loos, Ruth J. F. Franks, Paul W. TI Gene x dietary pattern interactions in obesity: analysis of up to 68 317 adults of European ancestry SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS AB Obesity is highly heritable. Genetic variants showing robust associationswith obesity traits have been identified through genome wide association studies. We investigated whether a composite score representing healthy diet modifies associations of these variants with obesity traits. Totally, 32 body mass index (BMI)- and 14 waist-hip ratio (WHR)-associated single nucleotide polymorphismswere genotyped, and genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated in 18 cohorts of European ancestry (n = 68 317). Diet score was calculated based on self-reported intakes of whole grains, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds (favorable) and red/processed meats, sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages and fried potatoes (unfavorable). Multivariable adjusted, linear regression within each cohort followed by inverse variance-weighted, fixed-effects meta-analysis was used to characterize: (a) associations of each GRS with BMI and BMI-adjustedWHR and (b) diet score modification of genetic associations with BMI and BMI-adjusted WHR. Nominally significant interactions (P = 0.006-0.04) were observed between the diet score and WHR-GRS (but not BMI-GRS), two WHR loci (GRB14 rs10195252; LYPLAL1 rs4846567) and two BMI loci (LRRN6C rs10968576; MTIF3 rs4771122), for the respective BMI-adjustedWHR or BMI outcomes. Although the magnitudes of these select interactions were small, our data indicated that associations between genetic predisposition and obesity traits were stronger with a healthier diet. Our findings generate interesting hypotheses; however, experimental and functional studies are needed to determine their clinical relevance. RI Sonestedt, Emily/I-3814-2016; Voortman, Trudy/C-2963-2015; Deloukas, Panos/B-2922-2013 OI Sonestedt, Emily/0000-0002-0747-4562; Voortman, Trudy/0000-0003-2830-6813; Deloukas, Panos/0000-0001-9251-070X SN 0964-6906 EI 1460-2083 PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 24 IS 16 BP 4728 EP 4738 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddv186 UT WOS:000361315400020 PM 25994509 ER PT J AU Carroll, JA Sanchez, NCB Hulbert, LE Ballou, MA Dailey, JW Caldwell, LC Vann, RC Welsh, TH Randel, RD AF Carroll, Jeffery A. Sanchez, Nicole C. Burdick Hulbert, Lindsey E. Ballou, Michael A. Dailey, Jeffery W. Caldwell, Lisa C. Vann, Rhonda C. Welsh, Thomas H., Jr. Randel, Ronald D. TI Sexually dimorphic innate immunological responses of pre-pubertal Brahman cattle following an intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AB This study was designed to characterize potential sexually dimorphic immunological responses following a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in beef cattle. Six female (heifers) and five male (bulls) Brahman calves (average age = 253 +/- 19.9 and 288 +/- 47.9 days; average body weight = 194 +/- 11 kg and 247 +/- 19 kg for heifers and bulls, respectively) were challenged with LPS (0.25 mu g LPS/kg body weight). Following administration of LPS, all cattle displayed increased sickness behavior beginning at 0.5 h, with heifers on average displaying less sickness behavior than bulls. A febrile response was observed in all animals following LPS administration, with a maximum response observed from 4 to 5.5 h. The average rectal temperature response was greater in heifers than bulls. In all cattle there were elevated serum concentrations of cortisol from 0.5 to 8 h, TNF-alpha from 1 to 2.5 h, IL-6 from 2 to 8 h, and IFN-gamma from 2.5 to 7 h after LPS challenge. Additionally, serum concentrations of TNF-alpha were greater in heifers than bulls from 1.5 to 2 h after the LPS challenge. Concentrations of IFN-gamma were also greater on average in bulls than heifers. Leukopenia occurred from 1 to 8 h, with a decreased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for the first 5 h among all calves. These data demonstrate the existence of a sexually dimorphic acute-phase response in prepubertal Brahman calves. Specifically, heifers may have a more robust acute response to LPS challenge, even though bulls display more signs of sickness. Published by Elsevier B.V. OI Burdick Sanchez, Nicole/0000-0003-0709-871X SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 166 IS 3-4 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.06.009 UT WOS:000360514500006 PM 26144890 ER PT J AU Truong, AD Hong, YH Lillehoj, HS AF Truong, Anh Duc Hong, Yeong Ho Lillehoj, Hyun S. TI High-throughput sequencing reveals differing immune responses in the intestinal mucosa of two inbred lines afflicted with necrotic enteritis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AB We investigated the necrotic enteritis (NE)-induced transcripts of immune-related genes in the intestinal mucosa of two highly inbred White Leghorn chicken lines, line 6.3 and line 7.2, which share the same MHC haplotype and show different levels of NE susceptibility using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. NE was induced by the previously described co-infection model using Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens. The RNA-Seq generated over 38 million sequence reads for Marek's disease (MD)-resistant line 63 and over 40 million reads for the MD-susceptible line 7.2. Alignment of these sequences with the Gallus gallus genome database revealed the expression of over 29,900 gene transcripts induced by NE in these two lines, among which 7,841 genes were significantly upregulated and 2,919 genes were downregulated in line 6.3 chickens and 6,043 genes were significantly upregulated and 2,764 genes were downregulated in NE-induced line 7.2 compared with their uninfected controls. Analysis of 560 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the gene ontology database revealed annotations for 246 biological processes, 215 molecular functions, and 81 cellular components. Among the 53 cytokines and 96 cytokine receptors, 15 cytokines and 29 cytokine receptors were highly expressed in line 6.3, whereas the expression of 15 cytokines and 15 cytokine receptors was higher in line 7.2 than in line 6.3 (fold change >= 2, p < 0.01). In a hierarchical cluster analysis of novel mRNAs, the novel mRNA transcriptome showed higher expression in line 6.3 than in line 7.2, which is consistent with the expression profile of immune-related target genes. In qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq analysis, all the genes examined showed similar responses to NE (correlation coefficient R=0.85-0.89, p < 0.01) in both lines 6.3 and 7.2. This study is the first report describing NE-induced DEGs and novel transcriptomes using RNA-seq data from two inbred chicken lines showing different levels of NE susceptibility. These findings provide important insights into our current knowledge of host-pathogen interaction and the nature of host genes that can serve as NE resistance markers for molecular breeding. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Hong, Yeong Ho/0000-0002-4510-7851; Anh Duc, Truong/0000-0002-2472-8165 SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 166 IS 3-4 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.06.008 UT WOS:000360514500007 PM 26182861 ER PT J AU Huff, GR Huff, WE Rath, NC AF Huff, G. R. Huff, W. E. Rath, N. C. TI Effect of dexamethasone on bacteriostatic activity of turkey monocytes and implications for food safety SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AB Stress has been shown to affect the immune system of turkeys making them more susceptible to bacterial infections. Five-week-old male and female turkeys were treated with 3 intra-muscular injections of dexamethasone (Dex) at 0, 0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg body weight. Twenty-four hours after the third injection birds were bled and white blood cell (WBC) differentials and bacteriostatic activity of monocytes were measured. Dex at both 0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg decreased phagocytic activity in females only. Bacteriostatic activity was decreased at both concentrations of Dex at 8 and 16 h post-infection in both sexes and was lower in males as compared to females. Total WBC counts were increased in females at both concentrations of Dex whereas male total WBC counts were unaffected. Both males and females had an increase in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. Within the same study, replicate pens of turkeys were challenged with intra-air sac inoculation of 100 cfu of Escherichia coli. Isolation of E. coli was significantly increased by both Dex and E. con challenge, but there were no differences between sexes. These results suggest that stress can compromise the bacteriostatic activity of turkey monocytes and increase bacterial colonization of blood and tissues, potentially affecting food safety. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 166 IS 3-4 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.05.006 UT WOS:000360514500012 PM 26099808 ER PT J AU Zhang, HH Anderson, RG Wang, D AF Zhang, Huihui Anderson, Ray G. Wang, Dong TI Satellite-based crop coefficient and regional water use estimates for Hawaiian sugarcane SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH AB Water availability is a major limiting factor for sustainable production of potential biofuel crops in Maui, Hawaii, USA. It is essential to improve regional, near-real time estimates of crop water use to facilitate optimal water management. Satellite remote-sensing offers multiple methods to estimate water management, however, most approaches assume a spatially homogeneous regional meteorology, which does not apply in Hawaii due to strong orographically-induced variations in climate. Canopy ground cover (f(c)) and spectral reflectance were measured over two sugarcane fields on the satellite Landsat 7 overpass dates. A strong linear relationship between satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values and f(c) was found (R-2 = 0.97). Canopy ground cover was also found to be highly correlated to crop coefficient (K-c,) which was calculated from reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and sugarcane crop evapotranspiration (ETc) observations from the Eddy Covariance towers. Spatial ET0 for the entire sugarcane plantation was determined from an automated weather station network previously installed by the commercial grower of the plantation. Regressions were used to convert the satellite NDVI to K-c, maps, and then the satellite-based ETc maps were created from the satellite-based K-c, maps and ET0 values computed and interpolated from the weather station network. To compare with the satellite-based crop coefficient/reference ET method, ETc and K-c, were also estimated using a satellite-based surface energy balance technique, the METRIC model. These two satellite-based methods were correlated fairly well (R-2= 0.84 for K-c, and 0.81 for ETc). Compared to the METRIC model, the satellite-based crop coefficient/reference ET method may be more practicable for estimating crop water use in Maui, where ground-based ET0 measurements are available through the on-site automated weather station network with right choice of reference ET equation. Published by Elsevier B.V. OI Zhang, Huihui/0000-0002-9781-6086; Anderson, Ray/0000-0002-6202-5890 SN 0378-4290 EI 1872-6852 PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 180 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2015.05.023 UT WOS:000358467000017 ER PT J AU Widen, EM Bentley, ME Chasela, CS AF Widen, E. M. Bentley, M. E. Chasela, C. S. TI Antiretroviral Treatment Is Associated With Iron Deficiency in HIV-Infected Malawian Women That Is Mitigated With Supplementation, but Is Not Associated With Infant Iron Deficiency During 24 Weeks of Exclusive Breastfeeding (vol 69, pg 319, 2015) SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 69 IS 5 BP e184 EP e184 DI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000749 UT WOS:000358209100006 ER PT J AU Gan, JB Jarrett, A Gaither, CJ AF Gan, Jianbang Jarrett, Adam Gaither, Cassandra Johnson TI Landowner response to wildfire risk: Adaptation, mitigation or doing nothing SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB Wildfire has brought about ecological, economic, and social consequences that engender human responses in many parts of the world. How to respond to wildfire risk is a common challenge across the globe particularly in areas where lands are controlled by many small private owners because effective wildfire prevention and protection require coordinated efforts of neighboring stakeholders. We explore (i) wildfire response strategies adopted by family forestland owners in the southern United States, one of the most important and productive forest regions in the world, through a landowner survey; and (ii) linkages between the responses of these landowners and their characteristics via multinomial logistic regression. We find that landowners used diverse strategies to respond to wildfire risk, with the most popular responses being "doing nothing" and combined adaptation and mitigation, followed by adaptation or mitigation alone. Landowners who had lost properties to wildfire, lived on their forestlands, had a forest management plan, and were better educated were more likely to proactively respond to wildfire risk. Our results indicate the possibility to enhance the effectiveness of collective action of wildfire risk response by private forestland owners and to coordinate wildfire response with forest conservation and certification efforts. These findings shed new light on engaging private landowners in wildfire management in the study region and beyond. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 159 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.06.014 UT WOS:000357908000022 PM 26074470 ER PT J AU Hall, KE Ray, C Ki, SJ Spokas, KA Koskinen, WC AF Hall, Kathleen E. Ray, Chittaranjan Ki, Seo Jin Spokas, Kurt A. Koskinen, William C. TI Pesticide sorption and leaching potential on three Hawaiian soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB On the Hawaiian Islands, groundwater is the principal source of potable water and contamination of this key resource by pesticides is of great concern. To evaluate the leaching potential of four weak acid herbicides [aminocyclopyrachlor, picloram, metsulfuron-methyl, biologically active diketonitrile degradate of isoxaflutole (DKN)] and two neutral non-ionizable herbicides [oxyfluorfen, alachlor], their sorption coefficients were determined on three prevalent soils from the island of Oahu. Metsulfuron-methyl, aminocylcopyrachlor, picloram, and DKN were relatively low sorbing herbicides (K-oc = 3 -53 mL g(-1)), alachlor was intermediate (K-oc = 120-150 mL g(-1)), and oxyfluorfen sorbed very strongly to the three soils (K-oc > 12,000 mL g(-1)). Following determination of K-oc values, the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) indices for these compounds were calculated to predicted their behavior with the Comprehensive Leaching Risk Assessment System (CLEARS; Tier-1 methodology for Hawaii). Metsulfuron-methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor, picloram, and DKN would be categorized as likely leachers in all three Hawaiian soils, indicating a high risk of groundwater contamination across the island of Oahu. In contrast, oxyfluorfen, regardless of the degradation rate, would possess a low and acceptable leaching risk due to its high sorption on all three soils. The leaching potential of alachlor was more difficult to classify, with a GUS value between 1.8 and 2.8. In addition, four different biochar amendments to these soils did not significantly alter their sorption capacities for aminocyclopyrachlor, indicating a relatively low impact of black carbon additions from geologic volcanic inputs of black carbon. Due to the fact that pesticide environmental risks are chiefly dependent on local soil characteristics, this work has demonstrated that once soil specific sorption parameters are known one can assess the potential pesticide leaching risks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 159 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.046 UT WOS:000357908000027 PM 26024994 ER PT J AU Mercader, RJ McCullough, DG Storer, AJ Bedford, JM Heyd, R Poland, TM Katovich, S AF Mercader, Rodrigo J. McCullough, Deborah G. Storer, Andrew J. Bedford, John M. Heyd, Robert Poland, Therese M. Katovich, Steven TI Evaluation of the potential use of a systemic insecticide and girdled trees in area wide management of the emerald ash borer SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, has become the most destructive forest insect to invade North America. Unfortunately, tactics to manage A. planipennis are limited and difficult to evaluate, primarily because of the difficulty of detecting and delineating new infestations. Here we use data from a unique resource, the SL.ow A.sh M.ortality (SLAM) pilot project, to assess whether treating a small proportion of trees with a highly effective systemic insecticide or girdling ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees to serve as A. planipennis population sinks can result in discernable effects on A. planipennis population growth or ash mortality. Components of the SLAM pilot project included an extensive inventory of ash abundance across a heterogenous area encompassing >390 km(2), treatment of 587 ash trees with a highly effective systemic insecticide, and girdling 2658 ash trees from 2009 to 2012. Fixed radius plots were established to monitor the condition of >1000 untreated ash trees throughout the area from 2010 to 2012. While only a very small proportion of ash trees in the project area were either treated with insecticide or girdled, both tactics led to detectable reductions of A. planipennis densities and protected ash trees in areas surrounding the treatments. The number of trees treated with the systemic insecticide reduced larval abundance in subsequent years. In contrast, the area of phloem in the insecticide-treated trees had no discernable effect on A. planipennis population growth, indicating that the number of treated trees was more important than the size of treated trees. Significant interactions among girdled trees, larval density, and the local abundance of ash phloem indicate girdling trees has a positive, but complex potential as a management tactic. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Mercader, Rodrigo/L-6550-2015 OI Mercader, Rodrigo/0000-0002-4904-2805 SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 350 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.04.020 UT WOS:000357223900008 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC Lloyd, SW Preece, JE Moersfelder, JW Stein-Chisholm, RE Obando-Ulloa, JM AF Beaulieu, J. C. Lloyd, S. W. Preece, J. E. Moersfelder, J. W. Stein-Chisholm, R. E. Obando-Ulloa, J. M. TI Physicochemical properties and aroma volatile profiles in a diverse collection of California-grown pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) germplasm SO FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Colorful antioxidant-rich fruits often convey astringency and sourness that juice consumers may not appreciate. We assessed properties in juices from a collection of California-grown pomegranate from the National Clonal Germplasm Repository. The goal was to evaluate overall differences in germplasm with quality traits classified as sweet, sweet-sour and sour. Previous relationships noted in sweet and sour cultivar attributes were observed. Wonderful generally clustered with sweet-sour and sour cultivars. Sweet low acid cultivars occasionally clustered closely with Wonderful which is hard to rationalize. The dominant compounds were 3-hexenol and 1-hexanol which allowed separation of Kara Gul, Haku-botan and Wonderful. Aldehyde and terpene content can be used to characterize cultivars. The study represents the first data on variation in juice qualities in different sweet, sweet-sour and sour cultivars, grown in California, compared with Wonderful. Data may help the juice industry better select raw juice materials in order to ultimately satisfy consumers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 181 BP 354 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.026 UT WOS:000352668300050 PM 25794761 ER PT J AU Tadych, M Vorsa, N Wang, YF Bergen, MS Johnson-Cicalese, J Polashock, JJ White, JF AF Tadych, Mariusz Vorsa, Nicholi Wang, Yifei Bergen, Marshall S. Johnson-Cicalese, Jennifer Polashock, James J. White, James F., Jr. TI Interactions between cranberries and fungi: the proposed function of organic acids in virulence suppression of fruit rot fungi SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB Cranberry fruit are a rich source of bioactive compounds that may function as constitutive or inducible barriers against rot-inducing fungi. The content and composition of these compounds change as the season progresses. Several necrotrophic fungi cause cranberry fruit rot disease complex. These fungi remain mostly asymptomatic until the fruit begins to mature in late August. Temporal fluctuations and quantitative differences in selected organic acid profiles between fruit of six cranberry genotypes during the growing season were observed. The concentration of benzoic acid in fruit increased while quinic acid decreased throughout fruit development. In general, more rot-resistant genotypes (RR) showed higher levels of benzoic acid early in fruit development and more gradual decline in quinic acid levels than that observed in the more rot-susceptible genotypes. We evaluated antifungal activities of selected cranberry constituents and found that most bioactive compounds either had no effects or stimulated growth or reactive oxygen species (ROS) secretion of four tested cranberry fruit rot fungi, while benzoic acid and quinic acid reduced growth and suppressed secretion of ROS by these fungi. We propose that variation in the levels of ROS suppressive compounds, such as benzoic and quinic acids, may influence virulence by the fruit rot fungi. Selection for crops that maintain high levels of virulence suppressive compounds could yield new disease resistant varieties. This could represent a new strategy for control of disease caused by necrotrophic pathogens that exhibit a latent or endophytic phase. RI Tadych, Mariusz/G-4449-2015 OI Tadych, Mariusz/0000-0003-4776-1096 SN 1664-302X PD AUG 14 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 835 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00835 UT WOS:000360021700001 PM 26322038 ER PT J AU Garcia, CB Grusak, MA AF Garcia, Christina B. Grusak, Michael A. TI Mineral accumulation in vegetative and reproductive tissues during seed development in Medicago truncatula SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB Enhancing nutrient density in legume seeds is one of several strategies being explored to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. In order to develop crop varieties with increased seed mineral concentration, a more detailed understanding of mineral translocation within the plant is required. By studying mineral accumulation in different organs within genetically diverse members of the same species, it may be possible to identify variable traits that modulate seed mineral concentration. We utilized two ecotypes (A17 and DZA315.16) of the model legume, Medicago truncatula, to study dry mass and mineral accumulation in the leaves, pod walls, and seeds during reproductive development. The pod wall dry mass was significantly different between the two ecotypes beginning at 12 days after pollination, whereas there was no significant difference in the average dry mass of individual seeds between the two ecotypes at any time point. There were also no significant differences in leaf dry mass between ecotypes; however, we observed expansion of A17 leaves during the first 21 days of pod development, while DZA315.16 leaves did not display a significant increase in leaf area. Mineral profiling of the leaves, pod walls, and seeds highlighted differences in accumulation patterns among minerals within each tissue as well as genotypic differences with respect to individual minerals. Because there were differences in the average seed number per pod, the total seed mineral content per pod was generally higher in A17 than DZA315.16. In addition, mineral partitioning to the seeds tended to be higher in A17 pods. These data revealed that mineral retention within leaves and/or pod walls might attenuate mineral accumulation within the seeds. As a result, strategies to increase seed mineral content should include approaches that will enhance export from these tissues. SN 1664-462X PD AUG 14 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 622 DI 10.3389/fpls.2015.00622 UT WOS:000359915000001 PM 26322063 ER PT J AU Artz, DR Pitts-Singer, TL AF Artz, Derek R. Pitts-Singer, Theresa L. TI Effects of Fungicide and Adjuvant Sprays on Nesting Behavior in Two Managed Solitary Bees, Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata SO PLOS ONE AB There is a growing body of empirical evidence showing that wild and managed bees are negatively impacted by various pesticides that are applied in agroecosystems around the world. The lethal and sublethal effects of two widely used fungicides and one adjuvant were assessed in cage studies in California on blue orchard bees, Osmia lignaria, and in cage studies in Utah on alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata. The fungicides tested were Rovral 4F (iprodione) and Pristine (mixture of pyraclostrobin + boscalid), and the adjuvant tested was N-90, a non-ionic wetting agent (90% polyethoxylated nonylphenol) added to certain tank mixtures of fungicides to improve the distribution and contact of sprays to plants. In separate trials, we erected screened cages and released 20 paint-marked females plus 30-50 males per cage to document the behavior of nesting bees under treated and control conditions. For all females in each cage, we recorded pollen-collecting trip times, nest substrate-collecting trip times (i.e., mud for O. lignaria and cut leaf pieces for M. rotundata), cell production rate, and the number of attempts each female made to enter her own or to enter other nest entrances upon returning from a foraging trip. No lethal effects of treatments were observed on adults, nor were there effects on time spent foraging for pollen and nest substrates and on cell production rate. However, Rovral 4F, Pristine, and N-90 disrupted the nest recognition abilities of O. lignaria females. Pristine, N-90, and Pristine + N-90 disrupted nest recognition ability of M. rotundata females. Electroantennogram responses of antennae of O. lignaria females maintained in the laboratory did not differ significantly between the fungicide-exposed and control bees. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that two commonly used fungicides and a non-ionic adjuvant can disrupt nest recognition in two managed solitary bee species. SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 14 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0135688 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0135688 UT WOS:000359493600094 PM 26274401 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, SA Haytowitz, DB Wasswa-Kintu, SI Pehrsson, PR AF Bhagwat, Seema A. Haytowitz, David B. Wasswa-Kintu, Shirley I. Pehrsson, Pamela R. TI Process of formulating USDA's Expanded Flavonoid Database for the Assessment of Dietary intakes: a new tool for epidemiological research SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AB The scientific community continues to be interested in potential links between flavonoid intakes and beneficial health effects associated with certain chronic diseases such as CVD, some cancers and type 2 diabetes. Three separate flavonoid databases (Flavonoids, Isoflavones and Proanthocyanidins) developed by the USDA Agricultural Research Service since 1999 with frequent updates have been used to estimate dietary flavonoid intakes, and investigate their health effects. However, each of these databases contains only a limited number of foods. The USDA has constructed a new Expanded Flavonoids Database for approximately 2900 commonly consumed foods, using analytical values from their existing flavonoid databases (Flavonoid Release 3.1 and Isoflavone Release 2.0) as the foundation to calculate values for all the twenty-nine flavonoid compounds included in these two databases. Thus, the new database provides full flavonoid profiles for twenty-nine predominant dietary flavonoid compounds for every food in the database. Original analytical values in Flavonoid Release 3.1 and Isoflavone Release 2.0 for corresponding foods were retained in the newly constructed database. Proanthocyanidins are not included in the expanded database. The process of formulating the new database includes various calculation techniques. This article describes the process of populating values for the twenty-nine flavonoid compounds for every food in the dataset, along with challenges encountered and resolutions suggested. The new expanded flavonoid database released on the Nutrient Data Laboratory's website would provide uniformity in estimations of flavonoid content in foods and will be a valuable tool for epidemiological studies to assess dietary intakes. SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 PD AUG 14 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 3 BP 472 EP 480 DI 10.1017/S0007114515001580 UT WOS:000359263000015 PM 26119062 ER PT J AU Beirn, LA Wang, RY Clarke, BB Crouch, JA AF Beirn, Lisa A. Wang, Ruying Clarke, Bruce B. Crouch, Jo Anne TI Development of a greenhouse-based inoculation protocol for the fungus Colletotrichum cereale pathogenic to annual bluegrass (Poa annua) SO PEERJ AB The fungus Colletotrichum cereale incites anthracnose disease on Poa annua (annual bluegrass) turfgrass. Anthracnose disease is geographically widespread throughout the world and highly destructive to cool-season turfgrasses, with infections by C. cereale resulting in extensive turf loss. Comprehensive research aimed at controlling turfgrass anthracnose has been performed in the field, but knowledge of the causal organism and its basic biology is still needed. In particular, the lack of a reliable greenhouse-based inoculation protocol performed under controlled environmental conditions is an obstacle to the study of C. cereale and anthracnose disease. Our objective was to develop a consistent and reproducible inoculation protocol for the two major genetic lineages of C. cereale. By adapting previously successful field-based protocols and combining with components of existing inoculation procedures, the method we developed consistently produced C. cereale infection on two susceptible P. annua biotypes. Approximately 7 to 10 days post-inoculation, plants exhibited chlorosis and thinning consistent with anthracnose disease symptomology. Morphological inspection of inoculated plants revealed visual signs of the fungus (appressoria and acervuli), although acervuli were not always present. After stringent surface sterilization of inoculated host tissue, C. cereale was consistently re-isolated from symptomatic tissue. Real-time PCR detection analysis based on the Apn2 marker confirmed the presence of the pathogen in host tissue, with both lineages of C. cereale detected from all inoculated plants. When a humidifier was not used, no infection developed for any biotypes or fungal isolates tested. The inoculation protocol described here marks significant progress for in planta studies of C. cereale, and will enable scientifically reproducible investigations of the biology, infectivity and lifestyle of this important grass pathogen. OI Crouch, Jo Anne/0000-0001-6886-8090 SN 2167-8359 PD AUG 13 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e1153 DI 10.7717/peerj.1153 UT WOS:000360846000004 PM 26339538 ER PT J AU Oliver, WT Wells, JE AF Oliver, W. T. Wells, J. E. TI Lysozyme as an alternative to growth promoting antibiotics in swine production SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY AB Lysozyme is a naturally occurring enzyme found in bodily secretions such as tears, saliva, and milk. It functions as an antimicrobial agent by cleaving the peptidoglycan component of bacterial cell walls, which leads to cell death. Antibiotics are also antimicrobials and have been fed at subtherapeutic levels to swine as growth promoters. These compounds benefit swine producers by minimizing production losses by increasing feed efficiency and decreasing susceptibility to bacterial infection and disease. This manuscript reviews the knowledge of the effects of lysozyme, as compared to traditional subtherapeutic antibiotics in swine feed, on pig performance and health. It is clear from decades of studies that antibiotic use in feeds increases pig performance, particularly in the nursery. Similarly, lysozyme, as a feed additive, increases growth and feed efficiency. While the mechanism by which antibiotics and lysozyme improve performance is not clearly understood, both of these feed additives improve gastrointestinal health, improve the metabolic profile, and alter the gastrointestinal bacteria ecology of swine. Therefore, lysozyme is a suitable alternative to growth-promoting subtherapeutic antibiotic use in swine feed. SN 2049-1891 PD AUG 13 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 35 DI 10.1186/s40104-015-0034-z UT WOS:000359339400001 PM 26273432 ER PT J AU Vuong, TD Sonah, H Meinhardt, CG Deshmukh, R Kadam, S Nelson, RL Shannon, JG Nguyen, HT AF Vuong, T. D. Sonah, H. Meinhardt, C. G. Deshmukh, R. Kadam, S. Nelson, R. L. Shannon, J. G. Nguyen, H. T. TI Genetic architecture of cyst nematode resistance revealed by genome-wide association study in soybean SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: Bi-parental mapping populations have been commonly utilized to identify and characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe). Although this approach successfully mapped a large number of SCN resistance QTL, it captures only limited allelic diversity that exists in parental lines, and it also has limitations for genomic resolution. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a diverse set of 553 soybean plant introductions (PIs) belonging to maturity groups from III to V to detect QTL/genes associated with SCN resistance to HG Type 0. Results: Over 45,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated by the SoySNP50K iSelect BeadChip (http//www.soybase.org) were utilized for analysis. GWAS identified 14 loci distributed over different chromosomes comprising 60 SNPs significantly associated with SCN resistance. Results also confirmed six QTL that were previously mapped using bi-parental populations, including the rhg1 and Rhg4 loci. GWAS identified eight novel QTL, including QTL on chromosome 10, which we have previously mapped by using a bi-parental population. In addition to the known loci for four simple traits, such as seed coat color, flower color, pubescence color, and stem growth habit, two traits, like lodging and pod shattering, having moderately complex inheritance have been confirmed with great precision by GWAS. Conclusions: The study showed that GWAS can be employed as an effective strategy for identifying complex traits in soybean and for narrowing GWAS-defined genomic regions, which facilitates positional cloning of the causal gene(s). SN 1471-2164 PD AUG 12 PY 2015 VL 16 AR 593 DI 10.1186/s12864-015-1811-y UT WOS:000359523500001 PM 26263897 ER PT J AU Toose, L Warren, C Mackay, D Parkerton, T Letinski, D Manning, R Connelly, M Rohde, A Fritz, B Hoffmannn, WC AF Toose, Liisa Warren, Christopher Mackay, Donald Parkerton, Thomas Letinski, Daniel Manning, Ryan Connelly, Martin Rohde, Arlean Fritz, Brad Hoffmannn, W. Clint TI Assessing the Fate of an Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fluid in Agricultural Spray Applications Using the Three-Stage ADVOCATE Model Framework SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Components of emulsifiable concentrates (ECs) used in pesticide formulations may be emitted to air following application in agricultural use and contribute to ozone formation. A key consideration is the fraction of the ECs that is volatilized. This study is designed to provide a mechanistic model framework for estimating emissions of an aromatic hydrocarbon fluid used in ECs based on the results of spray chamber experiments that simulate fate as the fluids become subject to volatilization, sorption to soil, and biodegradation. The results indicate the need to treat the volatilization losses in three stages: (i) losses during spraying, (ii) losses up to 12 h after spraying in which the soil is coated with the ECs, and (iii) subsequent longer term losses in which the ECs become increasingly sorbed and subject to biodegradation. A mass balance model, the agrochemical derived volatile organic compound air transfer evaluation (ADVOCATE) tool, is developed, treating the ECs as seven hydrocarbon component groups, to estimate the volatilization and biodegradation losses using parameters fitted to empirical data. This enables losses to be estimated for each hydrocarbon component under field conditions, thereby providing a basis for improved estimation of ozone formation potential and for designing ECs that have lower emissions. SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 PD AUG 12 PY 2015 VL 63 IS 31 BP 6866 EP 6875 DI 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01076 UT WOS:000359613400003 PM 26230997 ER PT J AU McClure, ML Burdett, CL Farnsworth, ML Lutman, MW Theobald, DM Riggs, PD Grear, DA Miller, RS AF McClure, Meredith L. Burdett, Christopher L. Farnsworth, Matthew L. Lutman, Mark W. Theobald, David M. Riggs, Philip D. Grear, Daniel A. Miller, Ryan S. TI Modeling and Mapping the Probability of Occurrence of Invasive Wild Pigs across the Contiguous United States SO PLOS ONE AB Wild pigs (Sus scrofa), also known as wild swine, feral pigs, or feral hogs, are one of the most widespread and successful invasive species around the world. Wild pigs have been linked to extensive and costly agricultural damage and present a serious threat to plant and animal communities due to their rooting behavior and omnivorous diet. We modeled the current distribution of wild pigs in the United States to better understand the physiological and ecological factors that may determine their invasive potential and to guide future study and eradication efforts. Using national-scale wild pig occurrence data reported between 1982 and 2012 by wildlife management professionals, we estimated the probability of wild pig occurrence across the United States using a logistic discrimination function and environmental covariates hypothesized to influence the distribution of the species. Our results suggest the distribution of wild pigs in the U.S. was most strongly limited by cold temperatures and availability of water, and that they were most likely to occur where potential home ranges had higher habitat heterogeneity, providing access to multiple key resources including water, forage, and cover. High probability of occurrence was also associated with frequent high temperatures, up to a high threshold. However, this pattern is driven by pigs' historic distribution in warm climates of the southern U.S. Further study of pigs' ability to persist in cold northern climates is needed to better understand whether low temperatures actually limit their distribution. Our model highlights areas at risk of invasion as those with habitat conditions similar to those found in pigs' current range that are also near current populations. This study provides a macro-scale approach to generalist species distribution modeling that is applicable to other generalist and invasive species. OI Miller, Ryan/0000-0003-3892-0251 SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 12 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0133771 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133771 UT WOS:000359492300026 PM 26267266 ER PT J AU Yu, N Zotti, MJ Scheys, F Braz, ASK Penna, PHC Nachman, RJ Smagghe, G AF Yu, Na Zotti, Moises Joao Scheys, Freja Braz, Antonio S. K. Penna, Pedro H. C. Nachman, Ronald J. Smagghe, Guy TI Flexibility and extracellular opening determine the interaction between ligands and insect sulfakinin receptors SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Despite their fundamental importance for growth, the mechanisms that regulate food intake are poorly understood. Our previous work demonstrated that insect sulfakinin (SK) signaling is involved in inhibiting feeding in an important model and pest insect, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Because the interaction of SK peptide and SK receptors (SKR) initiates the SK signaling, we have special interest on the structural factors that influence the SK-SKR interaction. First, the three-dimensional structures of the two T. castaneum SKRs (TcSKR1 and TcSKR2) were generated from molecular modeling and they displayed significance in terms of the outer opening of the cavity and protein flexibility. TcSKR1 contained a larger outer opening of the cavity than that in TcSKR2, which allows ligands a deep access into the cavity through cell membrane. Second, normal mode analysis revealed that TcSKR1 was more flexible than TcSKR2 during receptor-ligand interaction. Third, the sulfated SK (sSK) and sSK-related peptides were more potent than the nonsulfated SK, suggesting the importance of the sulfate moiety. RI Braz, Antonio Sergio/C-3257-2014; zotti, moises/G-3840-2015 OI zotti, moises/0000-0001-5942-2476 SN 2045-2322 PD AUG 12 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 12627 DI 10.1038/srep12627 UT WOS:000359367500001 PM 26267367 ER PT J AU Ali, S Magne, M Chen, SY Obradovic, N Jamshaid, L Wang, XH Belair, G Moffett, P AF Ali, Shawkat Magne, Maxime Chen, Shiyan Obradovic, Natasa Jamshaid, Lubna Wang, Xiaohong Belair, Guy Moffett, Peter TI Analysis of Globodera rostochiensis effectors reveals conserved functions of SPRYSEC proteins in suppressing and eliciting plant immune responses SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), including Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.), are important pests of potato. Plant parasitic nematodes produce multiple effector proteins, secreted from their stylets, to successfully infect their hosts. These include proteins delivered to the apoplast and to the host cytoplasm. A number of effectors from G. rostochiensis predicted to be delivered to the host cytoplasm have been identified, including several belonging to the secreted SPRY domain (SPRYSEC) family. SPRYSEC proteins are unique to members of the genus Globodera and have been implicated in both the induction and the repression of host defense responses. We have tested the properties of six different G. rostochiensis SPRYSEC proteins by expressing them in Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum. We have found that all SPRYSEC proteins tested are able to suppress defense responses induced by NB-LRR proteins as well as cell death induced by elicitors, suggesting that defense repression is a common characteristic of members of this effector protein family. At the same time, GrSPRYSEC-15 elicited a defense responses in N. tabacum, which was found to be resistant to a virus expressing GrSPRYSEC-15. These results suggest that SPRYSEC proteins may possess characteristics that allow them to be recognized by the plant immune system. OI Ali, Shawkat/0000-0003-3282-3186; Moffett, Peter/0000-0003-0678-4531 SN 1664-462X PD AUG 11 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 623 DI 10.3389/fpls.2015.00623 UT WOS:000359912800001 PM 26322064 ER PT J AU Kole, C Muthamilarasan, M Henry, R Edwards, D Sharma, R Abberton, M Batley, J Bentley, A Blakeney, M Bryant, J Cai, HW Cakir, M Cseke, LJ Cockram, J de Oliveira, AC De Pace, C Dempewolf, H Ellison, S Gepts, P Greenland, A Hall, A Hori, K Hughes, S Humphreys, MW Iorizzo, M Ismail, AM Marshall, A Mayes, S Nguyen, HT Ogbonnaya, FC Ortiz, R Paterson, AH Simon, PW Tohme, J Tuberosa, R Valliyodan, B Varshney, RK Wullschleger, SD Yano, M Prasad, M AF Kole, Chittaranjan Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan Henry, Robert Edwards, David Sharma, Rishu Abberton, Michael Batley, Jacqueline Bentley, Alison Blakeney, Michael Bryant, John Cai, Hongwei Cakir, Mehmet Cseke, Leland J. Cockram, James de Oliveira, Antonio Costa De Pace, Ciro Dempewolf, Hannes Ellison, Shelby Gepts, Paul Greenland, Andy Hall, Anthony Hori, Kiyosumi Hughes, Stephen Humphreys, Mike W. Iorizzo, Massimo Ismail, Abdelbagi M. Marshall, Athole Mayes, Sean Nguyen, Henry T. Ogbonnaya, Francis C. Ortiz, Rodomiro Paterson, Andrew H. Simon, Philipp W. Tohme, Joe Tuberosa, Roberto Valliyodan, Babu Varshney, Rajeev K. Wullschleger, Stan D. Yano, Masahiro Prasad, Manoj TI Application of genomics-assisted breeding for generation of climate resilient crops: progress and prospects SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB Climate change affects agricultural productivity worldwide. Increased prices of food commodities are the initial indication of drastic edible yield loss, which is expected to increase further due to global warming. This situation has compelled plant scientists to develop climate change-resilient crops, which can withstand broad-spectrum stresses such as drought, heat, cold, salinity, flood, submergence and pests, thus helping to deliver increased productivity. Genomics appears to be a promising tool for deciphering the stress responsiveness of crop species with adaptation traits or in wild relatives toward identifying underlying genes, alleles or quantitative trait loci. Molecular breeding approaches have proven helpful in enhancing the stress adaptation of crop plants, and recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and phenotyping platforms have transformed molecular breeding to genomics-assisted breeding (GAB). In view of this, the present review elaborates the progress and prospects of GAB for improving climate change resilience in crops, which is likely to play an ever increasing role in the effort to ensure global food security. RI Varshney, Rajeev/C-5295-2014; Tuberosa, Roberto/A-2781-2016; Henry, Robert/B-5824-2008; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Oliveira, Antonio/F-7508-2012; Ogbonnaya, Francis/C-5237-2014; OI Varshney, Rajeev/0000-0002-4562-9131; Tuberosa, Roberto/0000-0001-9143-9569; Henry, Robert/0000-0002-4060-0292; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Oliveira, Antonio/0000-0001-8835-8071; Ogbonnaya, Francis/0000-0002-8596-7362; Prasad, Manoj/0000-0003-0691-0163; Valliyodan, Babu/0000-0001-9457-9508 SN 1664-462X PD AUG 11 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 563 DI 10.3389/fpls.2015.00563 UT WOS:000359911600001 PM 26322050 ER PT J AU Di, LP Yang, ZW AF Di, Liping Yang, Zhengwei TI Special Section Guest Editorial: Remote Sensing and Sensor Networks for Promoting Agro-Geoinformatics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING SN 1931-3195 PD AUG 11 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 097001 UT WOS:000359816000001 ER PT J AU Finney, MA Cohen, JD Forthofer, JM McAllister, SS Gollner, MJ Gorham, DJ Saito, K Akafuah, NK Adam, BA English, JD AF Finney, Mark A. Cohen, Jack D. Forthofer, Jason M. McAllister, Sara S. Gollner, Michael J. Gorham, Daniel J. Saito, Kozo Akafuah, Nelson K. Adam, Brittany A. English, Justin D. TI Role of buoyant flame dynamics in wildfire spread SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Large wildfires of increasing frequency and severity threaten local populations and natural resources and contribute carbon emissions into the earth-climate system. Although wildfires have been researched and modeled for decades, no verifiable physical theory of spread is available to form the basis for the precise predictions needed to manage fires more effectively and reduce their environmental, economic, ecological, and climate impacts. Here, we report new experiments conducted at multiple scales that appear to reveal how wildfire spread derives from the tight coupling between flame dynamics induced by buoyancy and fine-particle response to convection. Convective cooling of the fine-sized fuel particles in wildland vegetation is observed to efficiently offset heating by thermal radiation until convective heating by contact with flames and hot gasses occurs. The structure and intermittency of flames that ignite fuel particles were found to correlate with instabilities induced by the strong buoyancy of the flame zone itself. Discovery that ignition in wildfires is critically dependent on nonsteady flame convection governed by buoyant and inertial interaction advances both theory and the physical basis for practical modeling. OI Gollner, Michael/0000-0002-6925-4020 SN 0027-8424 PD AUG 11 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 32 BP 9833 EP 9838 DI 10.1073/pnas.1504498112 UT WOS:000359285100038 PM 26183227 ER PT J AU Turner, PA Griffis, TJ Lee, XH Baker, JM Venterea, RT Wood, JD AF Turner, Peter A. Griffis, Timothy J. Lee, Xuhui Baker, John M. Venterea, Rodney T. Wood, Jeffrey D. TI Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt scale with stream order SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB N2O is an important greenhouse gas and the primary stratospheric ozone depleting substance. Its deleterious effects on the environment have prompted appeals to regulate emissions from agriculture, which represents the primary anthropogenic source in the global N2O budget. Successful implementation of mitigation strategies requires robust bottom-up inventories that are based on emission factors (EFs), simulation models, or a combination of the two. Top-down emission estimates, based on tall-tower and aircraft observations, indicate that bottom-up inventories severely underestimate regional and continental scale N2O emissions, implying that EFs may be biased low. Here, we measured N2O emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt using a chamber-based approach and analyzed the data as a function of Strahler stream order (S). N2O fluxes from headwater streams often exceeded 29 nmol N2O-N m(-2).s(-1) and decreased exponentially as a function of S. This relation was used to scale up riverine emissions and to assess the differences between bottom-up and top-down emission inventories at the local to regional scale. We found that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indirect EF for rivers (EF5r) is underestimated up to ninefold in southern Minnesota, which translates to a total tier 1 agricultural underestimation of N2O emissions by 40%. We show that accounting for zero-order streams as potential N2O hotspots can more than double the agricultural budget. Applying the same analysis to the US Corn Belt demonstrates that the IPCC EF5r underestimation explains the large differences observed between top-down and bottom-up emission estimates. RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 SN 0027-8424 PD AUG 11 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 32 BP 9839 EP 9843 DI 10.1073/pnas.1503598112 UT WOS:000359285100039 PM 26216994 ER PT J AU Keane, RE McKenzie, D Falk, DA Smithwick, EAH Miller, C Kellogg, LKB AF Keane, Robert E. McKenzie, Donald Falk, Donald A. Smithwick, Erica A. H. Miller, Carol Kellogg, Lara-Karena B. TI Representing climate, disturbance, and vegetation interactions in landscape models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING AB The prospect of rapidly changing climates over the next century calls for methods to predict their effects on myriad, interactive ecosystem processes. Spatially explicit models that simulate ecosystem dynamics at fine (plant, stand) to coarse (regional, global) scales are indispensable tools for meeting this challenge under a variety of possible futures. A special class of these models, called landscape models (LMs), simulates dynamics at intermediate scales where many critical ecosystem processes interact. The complicated dependencies among climate, disturbance, and vegetation present a difficult challenge for LMs, however, because their simulation must reconcile processes and their interactions that occur at different spatial and temporal scales. In the absence of these interactions, key thresholds in ecosystem responses to changes in climate may go undetected or Misrepresented. In this paper, we present a general strategy for constructing the next generation of LMs that ensures that interactions are modeled at appropriate scales of time and space, and that, when possible, processes representing these interactions are simulated mechanistically. We identify six key questions to frame this strategy and then provide guidance and possible solutions on the structure and content needed in future LMs to ensure that climate-vegetation-disturbance interactions are incorporated effectively. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 309 BP 33 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.04.009 UT WOS:000357231200004 ER PT J AU Susta, L Diel, DG Courtney, S Cardenas-Garcia, S Sundick, RS Miller, PJ Brown, CC Afonso, CL AF Susta, Leonardo Diel, Diego G. Courtney, Sean Cardenas-Garcia, Stivalis Sundick, Roy S. Miller, Patti J. Brown, Corrie C. Afonso, Claudio L. TI Expression of chicken interleukin-2 by a highly virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus leads to decreased systemic viral load but does not significantly affect mortality in chickens SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL AB Background: In mammals, interleukin 2 (IL-2) has been shown to decrease replication or attenuate pathogenicity of numerous viral pathogens (herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus) by activating natural killer cells (NK), cytotoxic T lymphocytes and expanding subsets of memory cells. In chickens, IL-2 has been shown to activate T cells, and as such it might have the potential to affect replication and pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Methods: To assess the effect of IL-2 during NDV infection in chickens, we produced a recombinant virulent NDV strain expressing chicken IL-2 (rZJ1-IL2). The effects of IL-2 expression were investigated in vivo using the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day-old chicks and pathogenesis experiments in 4-week-old chickens. In these studies, rZJ1-IL2 was compared to a control virus expressing the green fluorescent protein (rZJ1-GFP). Assessed parameters included survival curves, detailed histological and immunohistochemical grading of lesions in multiple organs, and virus isolation in blood, spleen and mucosal secretions of infected birds. Results: At the site of infection (eyelid), expression of IL-2 was demonstrated in areas of rZJ-IL2 replication, confirming IL-2 production in vivo. Compared to rZJ1-GFP strain, rZJ1-IL2 caused milder lesions and displayed decreased viral load in blood, spleen and mucosal secretions of infected birds. In the rZJ1-IL2-infected group, virus level in the blood peaked at day 4 post-infection (pi) (10(3.46) EID50 /0.1 ml) and drastically decreased at day 5 pi (10(0.9) EID50/0.1 ml), while in the rZJ1-GFP-infected group virus levels in the blood reached 10(5.35) EID50/0.1 ml at day 5. However, rZJ1-IL2-infected groups presented survival curves similar to control birds infected with rZJ1-GFP, with comparable clinical signs and 100 % mortality. Further, expression of IL-2 did not significantly affect the ICPI scores, compared to rZJ1-GFP strain. Conclusions: Increased expression of chicken IL-2 during virulent NDV replication in naive chickens decreased viral titers in blood, spleens, oral and cloacal secretions on day 4-5 post infection. This is consistent with the previously described role of IL-2 in enhancing the clearance of viruses in mammals, such as human respiratory syncytial virus. SN 1743-422X PD AUG 8 PY 2015 VL 12 AR 122 DI 10.1186/s12985-015-0353-x UT WOS:000359335200001 PM 26253150 ER PT J AU Rozati, M Barnett, J Wu, DY Handelman, G Saltzman, E Wilson, T Li, LJ Wang, JP Marcos, A Ordovas, JM Lee, YC Meydani, M Meydani, SN AF Rozati, Mitra Barnett, Junaidah Wu, Dayong Handelman, Garry Saltzman, Edward Wilson, Thomas Li, Lijun Wang, Junpeng Marcos, Ascension Ordovas, Jose M. Lee, Yu-Chi Meydani, Mohsen Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Cardio-metabolic and immunological impacts of extra virgin olive oil consumption in overweight and obese older adults: a randomized controlled trial SO NUTRITION & METABOLISM AB Background: Both aging and obesity are related to dysregulated immune function, which may be responsible for increased risk of infection and also chronic non-infectious diseases. Dietary lipids have been shown to impact immune and inflammatory responses and cardio-metabolic risk factors. No information on the impact of olive oil on immune responses of overweight and obese older adults is available. Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of replacing oils used in a typical American diet with extra virgin olive oil for 3 months on immune responses and cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese older adults. Methods: This was a randomized, single-blinded and placebo-controlled trial in 41 overweight or obese participants (aged >= 65) who consumed a typical American diet. Participants in the control (CON, n = 21) group were provided with a mixture of corn, soybean oil and butter, and those in the olive oil (OO, n = 20) group, with extra virgin olive oil, to replace substitutable oils in their diet. At baseline and 3 months, we measured blood pressure, biochemical and immunological parameters using fasting blood, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin response. Results: Compared to the CON group, the OO group showed decreased systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05), a strong trend toward increased plasma HDL-C concentrations (P = 0.06), and increased anti-CD3/anti-CD28 -stimulated T cell proliferation (P < 0.05). No differences were found in T cell phenotype, cytokine production, and DTH response between the two groups. Conclusions: Our results indicate that substitution of oils used in a typical American diet with extra virgin olive oil in overweight and obese older adults may have cardio-metabolic and immunological health benefits. SN 1743-7075 PD AUG 7 PY 2015 VL 12 AR 28 DI 10.1186/s12986-015-0022-5 UT WOS:000358978700001 PM 26251666 ER PT J AU Renukaradhya, GJ Meng, XJ Calvert, JG Roof, M Lager, KM AF Renukaradhya, Gourapura J. Meng, Xiang-Jin Calvert, Jay G. Roof, Michael Lager, Kelly M. TI Live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: Current status and future direction SO VACCINE AB Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV) was reported in the late 1980s. PRRS still is a huge economic concern to the global pig industry with a current annual loss estimated at one billion US dollars in North America alone. It has been 20 years since the first modified live-attenuated PRRSV vaccine (PRRSV-MLV) became commercially available. PRRSV-MLVs provide homologous protection and help in reducing shedding of heterologous viruses, but they do not completely protect pigs against heterologous field strains. There have been many advances in understanding the biology and ecology of PRRSV; however, the complexities of virus-host interaction and PRRSV vaccinology are not yet completely understood leaving a significant gap for improving breadth of immunity against diverse PRRS isolates. This review provides insights on immunization efforts using infectious PRRSV-based vaccines since the 1990s, beginning with live PRRSV immunization, development and commercialization of PRRSV-MLV, and strategies to overcome the deficiencies of PRRSV-MLV through use of replicating viral vectors expressing multiple PRRSV membrane proteins. Finally, powerful reverse genetics systems (infectious cDNA clones) generated from more than 20 PRRSV isolates of both genotypes I and 2 viruses have provided a great resource for exploring many innovative strategies to improve the safety and cross-protective efficacy of live PRRSV vaccines. Examples include vaccines with diminished ability to down-regulate the immune system, positive and negative marker vaccines, multivalent vaccines incorporating antigens from other porcine pathogens, vaccines that carry their own cytokine adjuvants, and chimeric vaccine viruses with the potential for broad cross-protection against heterologous strains. To combat this devastating pig disease in the future, evaluation and commercialization of such improved live PRRSV vaccines is a shared goal among PRRSV researchers, pork producers and biologics companies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Gourapura, Renukaradhya/0000-0003-2861-180X SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 PD AUG 7 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 33 BP 4069 EP 4080 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.092 UT WOS:000358970600006 PM 26148878 ER PT J AU McDonnell, TC Sloat, MR Sullivan, TJ Dolloff, CA Hessburg, PF Povak, NA Jackson, WA Sams, C AF McDonnell, T. C. Sloat, M. R. Sullivan, T. J. Dolloff, C. A. Hessburg, P. F. Povak, N. A. Jackson, W. A. Sams, C. TI Downstream Warming and Headwater Acidity May Diminish Coldwater Habitat in Southern Appalachian Mountain Streams SO PLOS ONE AB Stream-dwelling species in the U.S. southern Appalachian Mountains region are particularly vulnerable to climate change and acidification. The objectives of this study were to quantify the spatial extent of contemporary suitable habitat for acid-and thermally sensitive aquatic species and to forecast future habitat loss resulting from expected temperature increases on national forest lands in the southern Appalachian Mountain region. The goal of this study was to help watershed managers identify and assess stream reaches that are potentially vulnerable to warming, acidification, or both. To our knowledge, these results represent the first regional assessment of aquatic habitat suitability with respect to the combined effects of stream water temperature and acid-base status in the United States. Statistical models were developed to predict July mean daily maximum water temperatures and air-water temperature relations to determine potential changes in future stream water temperatures. The length of stream considered suitable habitat for acid-and thermally sensitive species, based on temperature and acid neutralizing capacity thresholds of 20 degrees C and 50 mu eq/L, was variable throughout the national forests considered. Stream length displaying temperature above 20 degrees C was generally more than five times greater than the length predicted to have acid neutralizing capacity below 50 mu eq/L. It was uncommon for these two stressors to occur within the same stream segment. Results suggested that species' distributional shifts to colder, higher elevation habitats under a warming climate can be constrained by acidification of headwater streams. The approach used in this study can be applied to evaluate climate change impacts to stream water resources in other regions. SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0134757 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134757 UT WOS:000359062300063 PM 26247361 ER PT J AU Song, CX Mazzola, M Cheng, X Oetjen, J Alexandrov, T Dorrestein, P Watrous, J van der Voort, M Raaijmakers, JM AF Song, Chunxu Mazzola, Mark Cheng, Xu Oetjen, Janina Alexandrov, Theodore Dorrestein, Pieter Watrous, Jeramie van der Voort, Menno Raaijmakers, Jos M. TI Molecular and chemical dialogues in bacteria-protozoa interactions SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Protozoan predation of bacteria can significantly affect soil microbial community composition and ecosystem functioning. Bacteria possess diverse defense strategies to resist or evade protozoan predation. For soil-dwelling Pseudomonas species, several secondary metabolites were proposed to provide protection against different protozoan genera. By combining whole-genome transcriptome analyses with (live) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), we observed multiple changes in the molecular and chemical dialogues between Pseudomonas fluorescens and the protist Naegleria americana. Lipopeptide (LP) biosynthesis was induced in Pseudomonas upon protozoan grazing and LP accumulation transitioned from homogeneous distributions across bacterial colonies to site-specific accumulation at the bacteria-protist interface. Also putrescine biosynthesis was upregulated in P. fluorescens upon predation. We demonstrated that putrescine induces protozoan trophozoite encystment and adversely affects cyst viability. This multifaceted study provides new insights in common and strain-specific responses in bacteria-protozoa interactions, including responses that contribute to bacterial survival in highly competitive soil and rhizosphere environments. RI Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014; Cheng, Xu/H-1945-2011; OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614; Cheng, Xu/0000-0003-0693-7147; KNAW, NIOO-KNAW/0000-0002-3835-159X; Oetjen, Janina/0000-0002-4088-5742 SN 2045-2322 PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 12837 DI 10.1038/srep12837 UT WOS:000359126300001 PM 26246193 ER PT J AU Karagianni, EP Kontomina, E Davis, B Kotseli, B Tsirka, T Garefalaki, V Sim, E Glenn, AE Boukouvala, S AF Karagianni, Eleni P. Kontomina, Evanthia Davis, Britton Kotseli, Barbara Tsirka, Theodora Garefalaki, Vasiliki Sim, Edith Glenn, Anthony E. Boukouvala, Sotiria TI Homologues of xenobiotic metabolizing N-acetyltransferases in plant-associated fungi: Novel functions for an old enzyme family SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Plant-pathogenic fungi and their hosts engage in chemical warfare, attacking each other with toxic products of secondary metabolism and defending themselves via an arsenal of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. One such enzyme is homologous to arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and has been identified in Fusarium infecting cereal plants as responsible for detoxification of host defence compound 2-benzoxazolinone. Here we investigate functional diversification of NAT enzymes in crop-compromising species of Fusarium and Aspergillus, identifying three groups of homologues: Isoenzymes of the first group are found in all species and catalyse reactions with acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA. The second group is restricted to the plant pathogens and is active with malonyl-CoA in Fusarium species infecting cereals. The third group generates minimal activity with acyl-CoA compounds that bind non-selectively to the proteins. We propose that fungal NAT isoenzymes may have evolved to perform diverse functions, potentially relevant to pathogen fitness, acetyl-CoA/propionyl-CoA intracellular balance and secondary metabolism. SN 2045-2322 PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 12900 DI 10.1038/srep12900 UT WOS:000359126000001 PM 26245863 ER PT J AU Bansal, R Mittapelly, P Cassone, BJ Mamidala, P Redinbaugh, MG Michel, A AF Bansal, Raman Mittapelly, Priyanka Cassone, Bryan J. Mamidala, Praveen Redinbaugh, Margaret G. Michel, Andy TI Recommended Reference Genes for Quantitative PCR Analysis in Soybean Have Variable Stabilities during Diverse Biotic Stresses SO PLOS ONE AB For real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) in soybean, reference genes in different tissues, developmental stages, various cultivars, and under stress conditions have been suggested but their usefulness for research on soybean under various biotic stresses occurring in North-Central U.S. is not known. Here, we investigated the expression stabilities of ten previously recommended reference genes (ABCT, CYP, EF1A, FBOX, GPDH, RPL30, TUA4, TUB4, TUA5, and UNK2) in soybean under biotic stress from Bean podmottle virus (BPMV), powdery mildew (PMD), soybean aphid (SBA), and two-spotted spidermite (TSSM). BPMV, PMD, SBA, and TSSM are amongst the most common pest problems on soybean in NorthCentral U.S. and other regions. Reference gene stability was determined using three software algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper) and a web-based tool (RefFinder). Reference genes showed variability in their expression as well as stability across various stressors and the best reference genes were stress-dependent. ABCT and FBOX were found to be the most stable in soybean under both BPMV and SBA stress but these genes had only minimal to moderate stability during PMD and TSSM stress. Expression of TUA4 and CYP was found to be most stable during PMD stress; TUB4 and TUA4 were stable under TSSM stress. Under various biotic stresses on soybean analyzed, GPDH expression was found to be consistently unstable. For all biotic stressors on soybean, we obtained pairwise variation (V-2/3) values less than 0.15 which suggested that combined use of the two most stable reference genes would be sufficient for normalization. Further, we demonstrated the utility of normalizing the qRT-PCR data for target genes using the most stable reference genes validated in current study. Following of the recommendations from our current study will enable an accurate and reliable normalization of qRT-PCR data in soybean under biotic stress. RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0134890 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134890 UT WOS:000359061400122 PM 26244340 ER PT J AU Hyma, KE Barba, P Wang, MH Londo, JP Acharya, CB Mitchell, SE Sun, Q Reisch, B Cadle-Davidson, L AF Hyma, Katie E. Barba, Paola Wang, Minghui Londo, Jason P. Acharya, Charlotte B. Mitchell, Sharon E. Sun, Qi Reisch, Bruce Cadle-Davidson, Lance TI Heterozygous Mapping Strategy (HetMappS) for High Resolution Genotyping-By-Sequencing Markers: A Case Study in Grapevine SO PLOS ONE AB Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) provides opportunities to generate high-resolution genetic maps at a low genotyping cost, but for highly heterozygous species, missing data and heterozygote undercalling complicate the creation of GBS genetic maps. To overcome these issues, we developed a publicly available, modular approach called HetMappS, which functions independently of parental genotypes and corrects for genotyping errors associated with heterozygosity. For linkage group formation, HetMappS includes both a reference-guided synteny pipeline and a reference-independent de novo pipeline. The de novo pipeline can be utilized for under-characterized or high diversity families that lack an appropriate reference. We applied both HetMappS pipelines in five half-sib F-1 families involving genetically diverse Vitis spp. Starting with at least 116,466 putative SNPs per family, the HetMappS pipelines identified 10,440 to 17,267 phased pseudo-testcross (Pt) markers and generated high-confidence maps. Pt marker density exceeded crossover resolution in all cases; up to 5,560 non-redundant markers were used to generate parental maps ranging from 1,047 cM to 1,696 cM. The number of markers used was strongly correlated with family size in both de novo and synteny maps (r = 0.92 and 0.91, respectively). Comparisons between allele and tag frequencies suggested that many markers were in tandem repeats and mapped as single loci, while markers in regions of more than two repeats were removed during map curation. Both pipelines generated similar genetic maps, and genetic order was strongly correlated with the reference genome physical order in all cases. Independently created genetic maps from shared parents exhibited nearly identical results. Flower sex was mapped in three families and correctly localized to the known sex locus in all cases. The HetMappS pipeline could have wide application for genetic mapping in highly heterozygous species, and its modularity provides opportunities to adapt portions of the pipeline to other family types, genotyping technologies or applications. SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0134880 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134880 UT WOS:000359061400119 PM 26244767 ER PT J AU Stevens, G McCluskey, B King, A O'Hearn, E Mayr, G AF Stevens, G. McCluskey, B. King, A. O'Hearn, E. Mayr, G. TI Review of the 2012 Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Domestic Ruminants in the United States SO PLOS ONE AB An unusually large number of cases of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) were observed in United States cattle and white-tailed deer in the summer and fall of 2012. USDA APHIS Veterinary Services area offices were asked to report on foreign animal disease investigations and state diagnostic laboratory submissions which resulted in a diagnosis of EHD based on positive PCR results. EHD was reported in the following species: cattle (129 herds), captive white-tailed deer (65 herds), bison (8 herds), yak (6 herds), elk (1 herd), and sheep (1 flock). A majority of the cases in cattle and bison were found in Nebraska, South Dakota, and Iowa. The majority of cases in captive white-tailed deer were found in Ohio, Iowa, Michigan, and Missouri. The most common clinical sign observed in the cattle and bison herds was oral lesions. The major observation in captive white-tailed deer herds was death. Average within-herd morbidity was 7% in cattle and bison herds, and 46% in captive white-tailed deer herds. The average within-herd mortality in captive white-tailed deer herds was 42%. SN 1932-6203 PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0133359 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133359 UT WOS:000359061400042 PM 26244773 ER PT J AU Yin, CT Downey, SI Klages-Mundt, NL Ramachandran, S Chen, XM Szabo, LJ Pumphrey, M Hulbert, SH AF Yin, Chuntao Downey, Samantha I. Klages-Mundt, Naeh L. Ramachandran, Sowmya Chen, Xianming Szabo, Les J. Pumphrey, Michael Hulbert, Scot H. TI Identification of promising host-induced silencing targets among genes preferentially transcribed in haustoria of Puccinia SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: The cereal rust fungi are destructive pathogens that affect grain production worldwide. Although the genomic and transcript sequences for three Puccinia species that attack wheat have been released, the functions of large repertories of genes from Puccinia still need to be addressed to understand the infection process of these obligate parasites. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) has emerged a useful tool to examine the importance of rust fungus genes while growing within host plants. In this study, HIGS was used to test genes from Puccinia with transcripts enriched in haustoria for their ability to interfere with full development of the rust fungi. Results: Approximately 1200 haustoria enriched genes from Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) were identified by comparative RNA sequencing. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) constructs with fragments of 86 Puccinia genes, were tested for their ability to interfere with full development of these rust fungi. Most of the genes tested had no noticeable effects, but 10 reduced Pgt development after co-inoculation with the gene VIGS constructs and Pgt. These included a predicted glycolytic enzyme, two other proteins that are probably secreted and involved in carbohydrate or sugar metabolism, a protein involved in thiazol biosynthesis, a protein involved in auxin biosynthesis, an amino acid permease, two hypothetical proteins with no conserved domains, a predicted small secreted protein and another protein predicted to be secreted with similarity to bacterial proteins involved in membrane transport. Transient silencing of four of these genes reduced development of P. striiformis (Pst), and three of also caused reduction of P. triticina (Pt) development. Conclusions: Partial suppression of transcripts involved in a large variety of biological processes in haustoria cells of Puccinia rusts can disrupt their development. Silencing of three genes resulted in suppression of all three rust diseases indicating that it may be possible to engineer durable resistance to multiple rust pathogens with a single gene in transgenic wheat plants for sustainable control of cereal rusts. SN 1471-2164 PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 16 AR 579 DI 10.1186/s12864-015-1791-y UT WOS:000358906200004 PM 26238441 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Osbrink, WLA Gallatin, EM AF Cornelius, Mary L. Osbrink, Weste L. A. Gallatin, Erin M. TI Seasonal Changes in the Caste Distribution of Foraging Populations of Formosan Subterranean Termite in New Orleans, Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE AB This study examined the relationship between temperature, precipitation, soil composition, levels of feeding damage, and the caste distribution (workers, soldiers, nymphs) of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, collected in underground monitoring stations over a 12 mo period. Because nymphs are the caste that develops into alates, the seasonal abundance of nymphs was examined over a 5 yr period. Numbers of workers, soldiers, and soldier/worker ratio were significantly affected by month. Recruitment and retention of foraging termites in stations was significantly affected by the level of feeding damage. The number of nymphs collected in monitoring stations was highly variable. In the 12 mo test, there was a significant correlation between numbers of nymphs and level of feeding damage, temperature, precipitation, and soil composition. Over a 5 yr period, significantly more nymphs were collected in 2011 than in 2007 and 2008. Peak nymph collections varied from year to year. Overall, peak nymph collections were more likely to occur in Mar., Sept., and Oct. Increasing our knowledge of the environmental factors that influence recruitment and retention of foraging termites in monitoring stations could influence termite bait placement and improve baiting strategies for termite control. Identifying the key factors that cause aggregations of nymphs in underground stations could increase our ability to predict the intensity and location of alate swarms. SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 115 DI 10.1093/jisesa/iev095 UT WOS:000359191400003 ER PT J AU Kirkland, PD Frost, MJ King, KR Finlaison, DS Hornitzky, CL Gu, X Richter, M Reimann, I Dauber, M Schirrmeier, H Beer, M Ridpath, JF AF Kirkland, P. D. Frost, M. J. King, K. R. Finlaison, D. S. Hornitzky, C. L. Gu, X. Richter, M. Reimann, I. Dauber, M. Schirrmeier, H. Beer, M. Ridpath, J. F. TI Genetic and antigenic characterization of Bungowannah virus, a novel pestivirus SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY AB Bungowannah virus, a possible new species within the genus Pestivirus, has been associated with a disease syndrome in pigs characterized by myocarditis with a high incidence of stillbirths. The current analysis of the whole-genome and antigenic properties of this virus confirms its unique identity, and further suggests that this virus is both genetically and antigenically remote from previously recognized pestiviruses. There was no evidence of reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are generally considered to be pan-reactive with other viruses in the genus, and there was little cross reactivity with polyclonal sera. Subsequently, a set of novel mAbs has been generated which allow detection of Bungowannah virus. The combined data provide convincing evidence that Bungowannah virus is a member of the genus Pestivirus and should be officially recognized as a novel virus species. Crown Copyright (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 178 IS 3-4 BP 252 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.014 UT WOS:000356979300010 PM 26049593 ER PT J AU Calla, B Sim, SB Hall, B DeRego, T Liang, GH Geib, SM AF Calla, Bernarda Sim, Sheina B. Hall, Brian DeRego, Theodore Liang, Guang Hong Geib, Scott M. TI Transcriptome of the egg parasitoid Fopius arisanus: an important biocontrol tool for Tephritid fruit fly suppression SO GIGASCIENCE AB Background: The Braconid wasp Fopius arisanus (Sonan) has been utilized for biological control of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), and the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), both of which are phytophagous fruit fly pests of economic importance in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. We have sequenced and assembled the transcriptome of this wasp using tissue from four different life stages: larvae, pupae, adult males and adult females, with the aim to contribute foundational resources to aid in the understanding of the biology and behavior of this important parasitoid. Findings: The transcriptome of the parasitic wasp Fopius arisanus was sequenced and reconstructed using a strategy that identified 15,346 high confidence, non-redundant transcripts derived from 8,307 predicted unigenes. In addition, Pfam domain annotations were detected in 78 % of these transcripts. The distribution of transcript length is comparable to that found in other hymenoptera genomes. Through orthology analysis, 7,154 transcripts were identified as having orthologs in at least one of the four other hymenopteran parasitoid species examined. Approximately 4,000 core orthologs were found to be shared between F. arisanus and all four of the other parasitoids. Conclusions: Availability of high quality genomic data is fundamental for the improvement and advancement of research in any biological organism. Parasitic wasps are important in the biological control of agricultural pests. The transcriptome data presented here represent the first large-scale molecular resource for this species, or any closely related Opiine species. The assembly is available in NCBI for use by the scientific community, with supporting data available in GigaDB. OI Geib, Scott/0000-0002-9511-5139 EI 2047-217X PD AUG 4 PY 2015 VL 4 AR 36 DI 10.1186/s13742-015-0075-4 UT WOS:000365667000002 PM 26244090 ER PT J AU Gleason, SM AF Gleason, Sean M. TI Evolutionary outcomes should inform strategies to increase drought tolerance SO NATURE PLANTS SN 2055-026X EI 2055-0278 PD AUG 4 PY 2015 VL 1 IS 8 AR 15114 DI 10.1038/NPLANTS.2015.114 UT WOS:000364382100003 PM 27250546 ER PT J AU Nerdahl, MA Weimer, PJ AF Nerdahl, Michael A. Weimer, Paul J. TI Redox mediators modify end product distribution in biomass fermentations by mixed ruminal microbes in vitro SO AMB EXPRESS AB The fermentation system of mixed ruminal bacteria is capable of generating large amounts of short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA) via the carboxylate platform in vitro. These VFAs are subject to elongation to larger, more energy-dense products through reverse beta-oxidation, and the resulting products are useful as precursors for liquid fuels production. This study examined the effect of several redox mediators (neutral red, methyl viologen, safranin O, tannic acid) as alternative electron carriers for mixed ruminal bacteria during the fermentation of biomass (ground switchgrass not subjected to other pretreatments) and their potential to enhance elongation of end-products to medium-chain VFAs with no additional run-time. Neutral red (1 mM) in particular facilitated chain elongation, increasing average VFA chain length from 2.42 to 2.97 carbon atoms per molecule, while simultaneously inhibiting methane accumulation by over half yet maintaining total C in end products. The ability of redox dyes to act as alternative electron carriers suggests that ruminal fermentation is inherently manipulable toward retaining a higher fraction of substrate energy in the form of VFA. SN 2191-0855 PD AUG 4 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 44 DI 10.1186/s13568-015-0130-7 UT WOS:000358901800001 ER PT J AU Thirel, G Andreassian, V Perrin, C Audouy, JN Berthet, L Edwards, P Folton, N Furusho, C Kuentz, A Lerat, J Lindstrom, G Martin, E Mathevet, T Merz, R Parajka, J Ruelland, D Vaze, J AF Thirel, G. Andreassian, V. Perrin, C. Audouy, J. -N. Berthet, L. Edwards, P. Folton, N. Furusho, C. Kuentz, A. Lerat, J. Lindstrom, G. Martin, E. Mathevet, T. Merz, R. Parajka, J. Ruelland, D. Vaze, J. TI Hydrology under change: an evaluation protocol to investigate how hydrological models deal with changing catchments SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES AB Testing hydrological models under changing conditions is essential to evaluate their ability to cope with changing catchments and their suitability for impact studies. With this perspective in mind, a workshop dedicated to this issue was held at the 2013 General Assembly of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) in Goteborg, Sweden, in July 2013, during which the results of a common testing experiment were presented. Prior to the workshop, the participants had been invited to test their own models on a common set of basins showing varying conditions specifically set up for the workshop. All these basins experienced changes, either in physical characteristics (e.g. changes in land cover) or climate conditions (e.g. gradual temperature increase). This article presents the motivations and organization of this experimentthat isthe testing (calibration and evaluation) protocol and the common framework of statistical procedures and graphical tools used to assess the model performances. The basins datasets are also briefly introduced (a detailed description is provided in the associated Supplementary material). RI Merz, Ralf/N-7614-2014; Vaze, Jai/E-6672-2011; Perrin, Charles/J-2486-2014; OI Merz, Ralf/0000-0002-3698-2339; Perrin, Charles/0000-0001-8552-1881; Thirel, Guillaume/0000-0002-1444-1830; Martin, Eric/0000-0002-1491-9590 SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 60 IS 7-8 SI SI BP 1184 EP 1199 DI 10.1080/02626667.2014.967248 UT WOS:000360222500003 ER PT J AU Nie, J Miao, S Lehotay, SJ Li, WT Zhou, H Mao, XH Lu, JW Lan, L Ji, S AF Nie, Jing Miao, Shui Lehotay, Steven J. Li, Wen-Ting Zhou, Heng Mao, Xiu-Hong Lu, Ji-Wei Lan, Lan Ji, Shen TI Multi-residue analysis of pesticides in traditional Chinese medicines using gas chromatography-negative chemical ionisation tandem mass spectrometry SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT AB In this study, a residue analysis method for the simultaneous determination of 107 pesticides in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), Angelica sinensis, A. dahurica, Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet, Pogostemon cablin and Lonicera japonica Thunb., was developed using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionisation mode (GC-NCI-MS/MS). NCI has advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity to chemicals with electron-withdrawing groups, and yields low background interference. For sample preparation, QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) was applied. Due to the unique characteristics of TCMs, the clean-up step was optimised by adjusting amounts of primary secondary amine, C18, graphitised carbon black and silica sorbents. Validation was mainly performed by determining analyte recoveries at four different spiking concentrations of 10, 50, 100 and 200ngg(-1), with seven replicates at each concentration. Method trueness, precision, linearity of calibration curves, lowest calibrated levels (LCLs) and matrix effects were determined to demonstrate method and instrument performance. Among the 107 pesticides tested, approximately 80% gave recoveries from 80% to 110% and <10% relative standard deviation (RSD). The LCLs for nearly all pesticides were 5ngg(-1), and as low as 0.1ngg(-1) for dichlofenthion, endosulfan sulphate, flumetralin, isofenphos-methyl, methyl-pentachlorophenyl sulphide and trifluralin. The results indicate that GC-NCI-MS/MS is an excellent technique for quantitative and qualitative analysis of targeted GC-amenable pesticides at ultra-trace levels, especially in complex matrices such as TCMs. SN 1944-0049 EI 1944-0057 PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1287 EP 1300 DI 10.1080/19440049.2015.1055340 UT WOS:000359758700010 PM 26125677 ER PT J AU Dickinson, K Brenkert-Smith, H Champ, P Flores, N AF Dickinson, Katherine Brenkert-Smith, Hannah Champ, Patricia Flores, Nicholas TI Catching Fire? Social Interactions, Beliefs, and Wildfire Risk Mitigation Behaviors SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES AB Social interactions are widely recognized as a potential influence on risk-related behaviors. We present a mediation model in which social interactions (classified as formal/informal and generic/fire-specific) are associated with beliefs about wildfire risk and mitigation options, which in turn shape wildfire mitigation behaviors. We test this model using survey data from fire-prone areas of Colorado. In several cases, our results are consistent with the mediation hypotheses for mitigation actions specifically targeting vegetative fuel reduction. Perceived wildfire probability partially mediates the relationship between several interaction types and vegetative mitigation behaviors, while perceptions of aesthetic barriers and lack of information play a mediating role in the case of fire-specific formal interactions. Our results suggest that social interactions may allow mitigation and prevention behaviors to catch fire within a community, and that wildfire education programs could leverage these interactions to enhance programmatic benefits. SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 28 IS 8 BP 807 EP 824 DI 10.1080/08941920.2015.1037034 UT WOS:000359774400001 ER PT J AU Li, JL Powell, JE Guo, J Evans, JD Wu, J Williams, P Lin, QH Moran, NA Zhang, ZG AF Li, Jilian Powell, J. Elijah Guo, Jun Evans, Jay D. Wu, Jie Williams, Paul Lin, Qinhui Moran, Nancy A. Zhang, Zhigang TI Two gut community enterotypes recur in diverse bumblebee species SO CURRENT BIOLOGY RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 SN 0960-9822 EI 1879-0445 PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 25 IS 15 BP R652 EP R653 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.031 UT WOS:000359096000008 PM 26241138 ER PT J AU Bendix, C Marshall, CM Harmon, FG AF Bendix, Claire Marshall, Carine M. Harmon, Frank G. TI Circadian Clock Genes Universally Control Key Agricultural Traits SO MOLECULAR PLANT AB Circadian clocks are endogenous timers that enable plants to synchronize biological processes with daily and seasonal environmental conditions in order to allocate resources during the most beneficial times of day and year. The circadian clock regulates a number of central plant activities, including growth, development, and reproduction, primarily through controlling a substantial proportion of transcriptional activity and protein function. This review examines the roles that alleles of circadian clock genes have played in domestication and improvement of crop plants. The focus here is on three groups of circadian clock genes essential to clock function in Arabidopsis thaliana: PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORs, GIGANTEA, and the evening complex genes EARLY FLOWERING 3, EARLY FLOWERING 4, and LUX ARRHYTHMO. Homologous genes from each group underlie quantitative trait loci that have beneficial influences on key agricultural traits, especially flowering time but also yield, biomass, and biennial growth habit. Emerging insights into circadian clock regulation of other fundamental plant processes, including responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, are discussed to highlight promising avenues for further crop improvement. OI Bendix, Claire/0000-0002-4723-8652 SN 1674-2052 EI 1752-9867 PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1135 EP 1152 DI 10.1016/j.molp.2015.03.003 UT WOS:000359136100003 PM 25772379 ER PT J AU Wang, LG Xu, LY Liu, X Zhang, T Li, N Hay, EH Zhang, YB Yan, H Zhao, KB Liu, GE Zhang, LC Wang, LX AF Wang, Ligang Xu, Lingyang Liu, Xin Zhang, Tian Li, Na Hay, El Hamidi Zhang, Yuebo Yan, Hua Zhao, Kebin Liu, George E. Zhang, Longchao Wang, Lixian TI Copy number variation-based genome wide association study reveals additional variants contributing to meat quality in Swine SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Pork quality is important both to the meat processing industry and consumers' purchasing attitude. Copy number variation (CNV) is a burgeoning kind of variants that may influence meat quality. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed between CNVs and meat quality traits in swine. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, a total of 8 CNVs on 6 chromosomes were identified to be significantly associated with at least one meat quality trait. All of the 8 CNVs were verified by next generation sequencing and six of them were verified by qPCR. Only the haplotype block containing CNV12 is adjacent to significant SNPs associated with meat quality, suggesting the effects of those CNVs were not likely captured by tag SNPs. The DNA dosage and EST expression of CNV12, which overlap with an obesity related gene Netrin-1 (Ntn1), were consistent with Ntn1 RNA expression, suggesting the CNV12 might be involved in the expression regulation of Ntn1 and finally influence meat quality. We concluded that CNVs may contribute to the genetic variations of meat quality beyond SNPs, and several candidate CNVs were worth further exploration. SN 2045-2322 PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 12535 DI 10.1038/srep12535 UT WOS:000358853700002 PM 26234186 ER PT J AU Gurtler, JB Hinton, A Bailey, RB Cray, WC Meinersmann, RJ Ball, TA Jin, TZ AF Gurtler, Joshua B. Hinton, Arthur, Jr. Bailey, Rebecca B. Cray, William C., Jr. Meinersmann, Richard J. Ball, Takiyah A. Jin, Tony Z. TI Salmonella isolated from ready-to-eat pasteurized liquid egg products: Thermal resistance, biochemical profile, and fatty acid analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY AB The Egg Products Inspection Act of 1970 requires that egg products in the US. must be pasteurized prior to release into commerce. The USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is responsible for regulating egg products. Salmonellae are infrequently isolated from pasteurized egg products by food manufacturers or the FSIS and may be present as a result of either pasteurization-resistant bacteria or post-processing contamination. In this study, seventeen strains of Salmonella isolated from pasteurized egg products and three heat-resistant control strains were compared for the following attributes: thermal resistance in liquid whole egg (LWE) at 60 degrees C, enzymatic profiles, and serotyping and phage typing, antibiotic susceptibility, fatty acid analysis and strain morphological variation evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Isolates were serotyped as Heidelberg (4 isolates), Widemarsh, Mbandaka, Cerro, Thompson, 4,12:i:-, and Enteritidis (8 isolates). All 20 isolates were sensitive to all 14 antibiotics tested for. The D-60 values in LWE ranged from 0.34 to 0.58 min. All 20 strains were recovered from LWE inoculated with 8.5 log CFU/mL of Salmonella and pasteurized at 60 degrees C for 3.5 min; however, some isolates were not recovered from pasteurized LWE that had been inoculated with only 4.5 log CFU/mL Salmonella and treated at 60 degrees C for 3.5 min. Although some strains exhibited atypical enzymatic activity (e.g., reduction of adonitol, hydrolysis of proline nitroanilide or p-n-p-beta-glucuronide, and nonreduction of melibiose), differences in biochemical reactions could not be correlated with differences in thermal resistance. Furthermore, fatty acid analysis revealed that differences insaturate/unsaturated profiles may be correlated with differences in heat resistance, in two instances. One heat resistant strain (#13, Enteritidis) had the statistically lowest unsaturated/saturate ratio at 39%. However, one heat sensitive strain (#3, serovar 4,12:i:-) had the highest unsaturated/saturate ratio at 81%, and also the lowest concentration of stearic add. This data represents the first steps in determining whether Salmonella contamination in pasteurized egg products may be the result of either thermally-resistant isolates or post-processing contamination. Contamination of LWE by Salmonella strains with higher heat resistance, (e.g., isolate #'s 2, 6, 10 and 12) may indicate the ability of Salmonella to survive pasteurization, while contamination of LWE strains with lower heat resistance (e.g., isolate #'s 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, and 15) may indicate post-processing contamination of LWE by this foodbome pathogen. Published by Elsevier B.V. OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 SN 0168-1605 EI 1879-3460 PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 206 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.010 UT WOS:000358100500016 PM 26001379 ER PT J AU Uyeda, KA Stow, DA Riggan, PJ AF Uyeda, Kellie A. Stow, Douglas A. Riggan, Philip J. TI Tracking MODIS NDVI time series to estimate fuel accumulation SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS AB Patterns of post-fire recovery in southern California chaparral shrublands are important for understanding fuel available for future fires. Satellite remote sensing provides an opportunity to examine these patterns over large spatial extents and at high temporal resolution. The relatively limited temporal range of satellite remote sensing products has previously constrained studies of post-fire recovery to chronosequence approaches, in which space is substituted for time, but the lengthening satellite data record is easing this limitation. In this study, we tracked vegetation recovery using a pixel-explicit approach from 2000 to 2013 using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. We attempted to control for inter-annual precipitation variation and examined the influence of shrub cover on MODIS NDVI during the post-fire recovery process. We find strong variation in recovery trajectories associated with site differences, which would have been lost in a chronosequence approach. Shrub cover plays a larger role in explaining annual NDVI variation during the early stages of post-fire recovery, and is a less important factor in more mature stands. OI Uyeda, Kellie/0000-0001-7043-3870 SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 BP 587 EP 596 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2015.1063736 UT WOS:000357069300001 ER PT J AU Morris, JB Chase, C Treadwell, D Koenig, R Cho, A Morales-Payan, JP Murphy, T Antonious, GF AF Morris, J. Bradley Chase, Carlene Treadwell, Danielle Koenig, Rosie Cho, Alyssa Morales-Payan, Jose Pable Murphy, Tim Antonious, George F. TI Effect of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) cutting date and planting density on weed suppression in Georgia, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES AB A field study was conducted in 2008 and 2009 at the USDA, ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit in Griffin, GA, to investigate weed suppression by sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L). The objectives were to (1) evaluate the effects of apical meristem removal (AMR) at three dates [5, 6, and 7wks after planting (WAP) on May 14, 2008 and May 21, 2009] and (2) assess the impact of seeding rates (11, 28, and 45kg ha(-1)) on weed biomass reduction. Weed species were identified at 4, 8, and 12wks after sunn hemp planting. Sunn hemp cutting date had no significant effect on weed suppression in 2008 but significant differences for grass weeds at 4, 8, and 12 WAP and for yellow nutsedge at 8 and 12 WAP did occur when compared to the control in 2009. In comparison to the sunn hemp-free control plot in 2009, all three seeding rates had reduced grass weed dry weights at 4, 8, and 12 WAP. The total mass of yellow nutsedge when grown with sunn hemp was reduced compared to the total mass of yellow nutsedge grown in the weedy check for all seeding rates at 8 and 12 WAP. Lower grass weed biomass was observed by 12 WAP for cutting dates and seeding rates during 2008 and 2009. Sunn hemp cutting date and seeding rate reduced branch numbers in both years. The reduction in sunn hemp seeding rates revealed a decrease in weed populations. SN 0360-1234 EI 1532-4109 PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 50 IS 8 BP 614 EP 621 DI 10.1080/03601234.2015.1028855 UT WOS:000356256500010 PM 26065522 ER PT J AU Suarez, CE Johnson, WC Herndon, DR Laughery, JM Davis, WC AF Suarez, Carlos E. Johnson, Wendell C. Herndon, David R. Laughery, Jacob M. Davis, William C. TI Integration of a transfected gene into the genome of Babesia bovis occurs by legitimate homologous recombination mechanisms SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY AB This study examines the patterns of gene integration of gfp-bsd upon stable transfection into the T3Bo strain of Babesia bovis using a plasmid designed to integrate homologous sequences of the parasite's two identical ef-1 alpha A and B genes. While the transfected BboTf-149-6 cell line displayed two distinct patterns of gene integration, clonal lines derived from this strain by cell sorting contained only single gfp-bsd insertions. Whole genome sequencing of two selected clonal lines, E9 and C6, indicated two distinct patterns of gfp-bsd insertion occurring by legitimate homologous recombination mechanisms: one into the expected ef-1 alpha orf B, and another into the ef-1 alpha B promoter. The data suggest that expression of the ef-1 alpha orf B is not required for development of B. bovis in cultured erythrocyte stages. Use of legitimate homologous recombination mechanisms in transfected B. bovis supports the future use of transfection methods for developing efficient gene function assignment experiments using gene knockout techniques. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecomrnons.org/licenses/by.nc-nd/4.0/). OI Davis, William/0000-0002-3118-2228 SN 0166-6851 EI 1872-9428 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 202 IS 2 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2015.09.003 UT WOS:000375634000003 PM 26417662 ER PT J AU Yan, L AF Yan, Lin TI Effects of Lewis lung carcinoma on trabecular microstructural changes in wildtype and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficient mice fed a high-fat diet SO CANCER RESEARCH CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research (AACR) CY APR 18-22, 2015 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 75 SU 15 MA 890 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-890 UT WOS:000371578501342 ER PT J AU Schwarz, RS Huang, Q Evans, JD AF Schwarz, Ryan S. Huang, Qiang Evans, Jay D. TI Hologenome theory and the honey bee pathosphere SO CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE AB Recent research has provided improved genome-level views of diversity across global honey bee populations, the gut microbiota residing within them, and the expanding pathosphere challenging honey bees. Different combinations of bee/microbiota/pathosphere genome complexes may explain regional variation in apiculture productivity and mortality. To understand this, we must consider management and research approaches in light of a hologenome paradigm: that honey bee fitness is determined by the composite bee and microbiota genomes. Only by considering the hologenome can we truly interpret and address impacts from the pathosphere, pesticides, toxins, nutrition, climate and other stressors affecting bee health. OI Schwarz, Ryan/0000-0001-8387-3250; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 SN 2214-5745 EI 2214-5753 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.cois.2015.04.006 UT WOS:000369017500002 ER PT J AU Grozinger, CM Evans, JD AF Grozinger, Christina M. Evans, Jay D. TI Editorial Overview: Social insects: From the lab to the landscape - translational approaches to pollinator health SO CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 SN 2214-5745 EI 2214-5753 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 BP VII EP IX DI 10.1016/j.cois.2015.06.001 UT WOS:000369017500001 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Chen, YP AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Chen, Yanping TI Nutrition, immunity and viral infections in honey bees SO CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE AB Viruses and other pathogens can spread rapidly in social insect colonies from close contacts among nestmates, food sharing and periods of confinement. Here we discuss how honey bees decrease the risk of disease outbreaks by a combination of behaviors (social immunity) and individual immune function. There is a relationship between the effectiveness of social and individual immunity and the nutritional state of the colony. Parasitic Varroa mites undermine the relationship because they reduce nutrient levels, suppress individual immune function and transmit viruses. Future research directions to better understand the dynamics of the nutrition-immunity relationship based on levels of stress, time of year and colony demographics are discussed. SN 2214-5745 EI 2214-5753 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.cois.2015.05.007 UT WOS:000369017500025 ER PT J AU HilleRisLambers, J Anderegg, LDL Breckheimer, I Burns, KM Ettinger, AK Franklin, JF Freund, JA Ford, KR Kroiss, SJ AF HilleRisLambers, Janneke Anderegg, Leander D. L. Breckheimer, Ian Burns, Kathleen M. Ettinger, Ailene K. Franklin, Jerry F. Freund, James A. Ford, Kevin R. Kroiss, Steve J. TI Implications of Climate Change for Turnover in Forest Composition SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Northwest-Scientific-Association CY MAR 26-29, 2014 CL Missoula, MT AB Predicting how climate change will influence forests is challenging. Forest communities are expected to lose cold-adapted trees near their low latitude/elevation range limits, while warm-adapted trees should increase in abundance near their high latitude/elevation limits (i.e., 'thermophilization'). However, slow-growing and long-lived trees, paired with climatic sensitivities that differ by species could add complexity to these predictions. To address these possibilities, we use demographic data collected from Mount Rainier National Park to examine: 1) the likelihood of rapid population growth or decline near range limits; 2) differences in climatic sensitivities between tree species at juvenile and adult stages; and 3) whether forest communities have already changed in response to recent warming. Our results suggest focal species are unlikely to shift their ranges rapidly with warming because recruit densities are low and time to reproductive maturity slow near upper range limits, while survival of adult trees is high near lower range limits. Additionally, focal tree species differ in the magnitude and strength of responses at seed and adult stages to climatic factors likely to be altered by warming. Consistent with these findings, shifts in forest community composition over the last 35 years were small, and not consistent with thermophilization predictions. In all, results imply that climate change will only have small, but unpredictable impacts on forest composition in the near-term. We discuss the possibility of much larger changes in forest composition with future climate change, if the drastically different climate regimes projected for the region fundamentally alter demographic processes and disturbance regimes. SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 89 IS 3 BP 201 EP + UT WOS:000367363600002 ER PT J AU Wiebe, K Lotze-Campen, H Sands, R Tabeau, A van der Mensbrugghe, D Biewald, A Bodirsky, B Islam, S Kavallari, A Mason-D'Croz, D Muller, C Popp, A Robertson, R Robinson, S van Meijl, H Willenbockel, D AF Wiebe, Keith Lotze-Campen, Hermann Sands, Ronald Tabeau, Andrzej van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique Biewald, Anne Bodirsky, Benjamin Islam, Shahnila Kavallari, Aikaterini Mason-D'Croz, Daniel Mueller, Christoph Popp, Alexander Robertson, Richard Robinson, Sherman van Meijl, Hans Willenbockel, Dirk TI Climate change impacts on agriculture in 2050 under a range of plausible socioeconomic and emissions scenarios SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB Previous studies have combined climate, crop and economic models to examine the impact of climate change on agricultural production and food security, but results have varied widely due to differences in models, scenarios and input data. Recent work has examined (and narrowed) these differences through systematic model intercomparison using a high-emissions pathway to highlight the differences. This paper extends that analysis to explore a range of plausible socioeconomic scenarios and emission pathways. Results from multiple climate and economic models are combined to examine the global and regional impacts of climate change on agricultural yields, area, production, consumption, prices and trade for coarse grains, rice, wheat, oilseeds and sugar crops to 2050. Wefind that climate impacts on global average yields, area, production and consumption are similar across shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP 1, 2 and 3, as we implement them based on population, income and productivity drivers), except when changes in trade policies are included. Impacts on trade and prices are higher for SSP 3 than SSP 2, and higher for SSP 2 than for SSP 1. Climate impacts for all variables are similar across low to moderate emissions pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0), but increase for a higher emissions pathway (RCP 8.5). It is important to note that these global averages may hide regional variations. Projected reductions in agricultural yields due to climate change by 2050 are larger for some crops than those estimated for the past half century, but smaller than projected increases to 2050 due to rising demand and intrinsic productivity growth. Results illustrate the sensitivity of climate change impacts to differences in socioeconomic and emissions pathways. Yield impacts increase at high emissions levels and vary with changes in population, income and technology, but are reduced in all cases by endogenous changes in prices and other variables. RI Mueller, Christoph/E-4812-2016; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/M-4254-2016; OI Mueller, Christoph/0000-0002-9491-3550; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/0000-0003-0673-2301; Willenbockel, Dirk/0000-0002-6840-0954; Wiebe, Keith/0000-0001-6035-620X SN 1748-9326 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR 085010 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/085010 UT WOS:000366999400037 ER PT J AU Borrero, FJ Rosenberg, G AF Borrero, Francisco J. Rosenberg, Gary TI The Paul Hesse Collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with a review of names for Mollusca introduced by Hesse SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA AB The Paul Hesse Collection, purchased by ANSP in 1926, focused on non-marine mollusks of Europe and countries bordering the Mediterranean and Black Seas. It contains about 7,500 lots totaling about 50,000 specimens and is thus an important resource for studying Palearctic mollusks. Type lots of more than 40 European authors are included therein. Hesse himself introduced available names for 62 species-group, 62 genus-group and 4 family-group taxa, all of them gastropods and most terrestrial. Five additional species-group names were introduced by other authors in Hesse's works. Among Hesse's species-group names, 7 were replacements for preoccupied names of other authors. We found type specimens for 32 Hesse taxa in the ANSP collection and report their current type status. H. B. Baker listed primary type material at ANSP for 22 of these and designated lectotypes where ANSP held more than one specimen. For the 10 names not treated by Baker, it has not been previously reported that ANSP holds type material. We designate a lectotype for one of them, Archelix punctata melanostoma. Hesse's primary type specimens at ANSP are figured and the current placement of species-group taxa that he named is provided based on recent literature, except for replacement names. Buliminus phazemonicus Hesse, 1910 is synonymized with Buliminus ufjalvyanus Ancey, 1886, which is currently placed in Laevozebrinus, and its type locality, originally stated to be Merzifon, Turkey, is identified as the Fergana Valley of central Asia. Theba teheranensis is reclassified as a Monacha but considered a nomen dubium. Other type localities represented by the Hesse type material at ANSP are in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Morocco, Syria and Tunisia. SN 0097-3157 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 164 BP 43 EP 100 UT WOS:000365152200008 ER PT J AU Stewart, WC Whitney, TR Scholljegerdes, EJ Naumann, HD Cherry, NM Muir, JP Lambert, BD Walker, JW Adams, RP Welch, KD Gardner, DR Estell, RE AF Stewart, W. C. Whitney, T. R. Scholljegerdes, E. J. Naumann, H. D. Cherry, N. M. Muir, J. P. Lambert, B. D. Walker, J. W. Adams, R. P. Welch, K. D. Gardner, D. R. Estell, R. E. TI Effects of Juniperus species and stage of maturity on nutritional, in vitro digestibility, and plant secondary compound characteristics SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB Rising feed costs and recurring feed shortages necessitate the investigation into alternative and underutilized feed resources. Nutritional characteristics of Juniperus species are either unknown or limited to leaves and ground material from small stems. Therefore, the objective was to quantify nutritional characteristics, 48-h true IVDMD (tIVDMD), microbial gas production, and secondary compound characteristics of entire woody plant material of 4 Juniperus species-Juniperus pinchotii, Juniperus monosperma, Juniperus ashei, and Juniperus virginiana-at immature and mature stages of growth. Immature plants had greater CP concentrations and lower NDF concentrations (P < 0.001) than mature plants regardless of species. Mature plants also had greater (P < 0.001) concentrations of ADF compared with immature plants with the exception of J. virginiana. In general, immature J. pinchotii, J. monosperma, and J. ashei had greater (P < 0.02) tIVDMD and total 48-h and asymptotic gas production than mature plants. Immature J. monosperma and J. pinchotii plants were more digested (tIVDMD; P < 0.001) than immature J. virginiana and J. ashei, but tIVDMD did not differ in mature plant material across species. Condensed tannins (CT) were greater (P < 0.001) in immature J. pinchotii and J. ashei than mature plants; differences in CT concentrations among immature species were also detected (P < 0.04). Volatile oil yields were similar across maturity and species with 1 exception: immature J. pinchotii yielded more (P < 0.02) volatile oil than mature material. Volatile oil composition across species varied and contained a range of 65 to 70 terpene compounds. The dominant terpenes across species were generally greater (P < 0.05) in immature vs. mature plant material with the exception of J. virginiana. Labdane acids were negligible in J. pinchotii, J. ashei, and J. virginiana and greater in J. monosperma (P < 0.001). Ground material from mature juniper species, although inferior in nutritional quality compared with immature plants, is comparable to traditional low-quality roughage ingredients. Given that J. pinchotii has been successfully fed in lamb feedlot diets, the similarities of J. pinchotii, J. ashei and J. monosperma suggest that all three species have potential to be effective roughage ingredients. SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 93 IS 8 BP 4034 EP 4047 DI 10.2527/jas.2015-9274 UT WOS:000365171300031 PM 26440183 ER PT J AU Roberts, SL Hughes, HD Sanchez, NCB Carroll, JA Powell, JG Hubbell, DS Richeson, JT AF Roberts, S. L. Hughes, H. D. Sanchez, N. C. Burdick Carroll, J. A. Powell, J. G. Hubbell, D. S. Richeson, J. T. TI Effect of surgical castration with or without oral meloxicam on the acute inflammatory response in yearling beef bulls SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB Pain management and welfare are increasingly prevalent concerns within animal agriculture. Analgesics may alleviate pain and inflammation associated with castration of beef cattle. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of surgical castration on the acute inflammatory response and immunomodulation and whether concurrent oral administration of meloxicam (1 mg/kg BW) would alter these responses. On d-1, crossbred bull calves (n = 30; initial BW = 227.4 +/- 10.3 kg) were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters and rectal temperature (RT) recording devices, placed into individual stanchions, and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments. Treatment application occurred at h 0 and consisted of 1) intact bull calves treated with sham castration (CON), 2) bulls surgically castrated without meloxicam administration (CAS), and 3) bulls surgically castrated with oral meloxicam (1 mg/kg BW) administration (MEL). Blood samples were collected at 0.5-h intervals from h -2 to 4, 1.0-h intervals from h 4 to 8, and 12-h intervals from h 12 to 72. Serum was analyzed for cortisol and haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations using ELISA. Whole blood was analyzed for complete blood counts at -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h, and RT was recorded in 5-min intervals. Postcastration RT was greatest for MEL (39.04), intermediate for CAS (38.99), and least for CON (38.93 degrees C; P <= 0.01). Serum cortisol was increased (P < 0.001) for CAS (12.3) and MEL (11.3) compared with CON (6.7 ng/mL) during the postcastration period. At 0.5 and 1.5 h, cortisol concentration was greater in CAS and MEL than CON, whereas at 2 and 2.5 h, cortisol concentration was greatest for CAS, intermediate for MEL, and least for CON (treatment x time, P < 0.001). Total white blood cell (P = 0.04), lymphocyte (P <= 0.02), and monocyte (P <= 0.002) counts were greatest for CAS, intermediate for MEL, and least for CON. Administration of MEL reduced (P = 0.002) eosinophil counts during the postcastration period when compared with CON and CAS. The change in serum Hp, relative to baseline values, was reduced for MEL at 36 (P < 0.01) and 60 h (P <= 0.03), and the overall Hp concentration was least for MEL (P < 0.001). Oral administration of meloxicam at the time of castration reduced the acute inflammatory response in castrates, as evidenced by a reduction in Hp and certain leukocyte concentrations; it also caused a delayed increase in RT. Further research is needed to determine if this reduced acute inflammatory response would equate to improved health and/or performance after castration. SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 93 IS 8 BP 4123 EP 4131 DI 10.2527/jas.2015-9160 UT WOS:000365171300040 PM 26440192 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Green, BT Gardner, DR Cook, D Pfister, JA AF Welch, K. D. Green, B. T. Gardner, D. R. Cook, D. Pfister, J. A. TI The effect of administering multiple doses of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) to cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are one of the most serious toxic plant problems on foothill and mountain rangelands in the western United States. A considerable amount of research has been conducted over the years in both field and pen settings. The results of these research efforts have significantly increased our understanding of the poisoning of cattle by larkspurs. However, most of the pen studies conducted thus far have used a dosing regimen of a single bolus dose, which does not accurately mimic the manner by which cattle are poisoned by larkspur while grazing. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi collected near Manti, UT) when administered in multiple doses, with the intent to identify a no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL). The adverse effect selected for this study was muscle weakness to the point the cattle could no longer remain ambulatory as would be required in a grazing environment, thus becoming sternally recumbent when exercised. Hereford steers were administered various doses of tall larkspur at 12-h intervals for 4 d or until they showed marked signs of muscle weakness. The results suggest that a dose of 2 mg kg(-1).d(-1) N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoylly-coctonine (MSAL)-type alkaloids is the NOAEL for a tall larkspur population with a norditerpenoid alkaloid profile containing 4 mg MSAL-type alkaloids/g plant material and 12 mg non-MSAL-type alkaloids/g plant material. Additionally, a computer model was generated to simulate multiple-dosing regimens at the various doses as well as different dosing regimens. The results from this study suggest that a 500-kg steer can consume a daily dose of 1.25 kg of fresh tall larkspur (with a similar alkaloid profile) without becoming severely poisoned (suffering from muscle weakness to the point of recumbency). Additionally, these results indicate that a serum concentration of approximately 355 ng methyl-lycaconitine/mL may represent a toxic threshold. SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 93 IS 8 BP 4181 EP 4188 DI 10.2527/jas.2015-9101 UT WOS:000365171300046 PM 26440198 ER PT J AU Chapla, D Parikh, BS Liu, LZ Cotta, MA Kumar, AK AF Chapla, Digantkumar Parikh, Bhumika S. Liu, Lewis Z. Cotta, Michael A. Kumar, Adepu K. TI Enhanced Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Mild-Alkali Pretreated Rice Straw in SSF Using Clavispora NRRL Y-50464 SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY AB The current investigation reports cellulosic ethanol productions from rice straw pretreated by mild alkali- and dilute acid-pretreatment methods applying a native p-glucosidase producing yeast strain, Clavispora NRRL Y-50464 by SSF. Peak ethanol yields of 21.2, 25.7 and 24.3 g L-1 were observed with mild alkali pretreated rice straw at 10, 15, and 20% of solids loading within 60 h incubation period. While acid pretreated rice straw produced maximum ethanol yields up to 12.5, 16.8 and 12.4 g L-1 at similar solids loading levels. The ethanol conversion efficiency of rice straw pre-treated by mild alkali method (79.2, 64.0 and 45.4%) was significantly higher than that pre-treated by dilute acid method (58.9, 52.7 and 29.2%) at all solids loading levels. Y-50464 is an extremely fast growing ethanologenic yeast strain and completed its fermentation on 5% glucose within 18 h. In addition to glucose, albeit slow, Y-50464 strain also utilizes xylose (upto 5%) for its metabolic growth. The efficient cellulosic ethanol conversion from mild alkali pretreated rice straw at high solid loadings with no additional supplementation of p-glucosidase and short SSF process times suggests a promising potential of Y-50464 yeast strain for cost-efficient renewable biofuel production towards an economic consolidated bio processing. SN 1556-6560 EI 1556-6579 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 BP 381 EP 388 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2015.1533 UT WOS:000365243800001 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Lora, JH Garcia, RA AF Piazza, George J. Lora, Jairo H. Garcia, Rafael A. TI Recovery of Wheat Straw Soda Lignin Using Flocculation by Proteins, Synthetic Flocculants, and a Metal Coagulant SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY AB Non-sulfonated lignin, a co-product of certain processes for biomass conversion to cellulose pulp and fuel ethanol, is finding increasing applications and can be converted to bio-value added chemicals which replace those obtained from petrochemicals. To date most studies of flocculant function on non-sulfonated lignin have used mixtures of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, and it has not been possible to determine how cellulose and hemicellulose affect flocculant function. To determine the best flocculants for lignin isolation, flocculants were tested on a fine suspension of highly purified lignin. Several synthetic flocculants, a metal salt, and biobased flocculants were able to remove lignin from colloidal suspensions. The window of flocculant activity (WA) and lowest effective flocculant concentration was determined. Synthetic polymeric cationic flocculants, poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride), polyquaternaryamine, and high molecular weight cationic polyacrylamide, were effective at 9, 13, and 11 mg/g lignin, respectively. Their WA values were 0.39, 0.39, and >= 0.79, respectively. Neutral poly(ethylene oxide) was an effective flocculant at 10 mg/g lignin, and its WA >= 1.8. Iron(III) sulfate was an effective flocculant at 115 mg/g lignin, and its WA >= 1.2. Two proteins and protein rich blood were also found to have flocculant activity. Bovine hemoglobin (HEM), wheat gliadin, and porcine blood were effective at 86, 183, and 175 mg/g lignin, respectively. Their WA values were 0.45, >= 0.92, and >= 1.0, respectively. HEM flocculation was optimal at pH 4.8-6.0 and diminished at higher pH values, whilst gliadin flocculation was optima at pH 4.9-7.0 and diminished at higher pH values. Three tested substances had no flocculant activity with lignin: anionic polyacrylamide mixed with calcium chloride to provide calcium ion for bridging, neutral polyacrylamide, and soybean protein. Zeta potential measurements were obtained for all tested flocculants, and these aided the interpretation of the mechanism of flocculation. The results demonstrate that flocculants can be used to remove particulate lignin from water, enhancing the total yield of isolated lignin during biomass processing and reducing the amount of water treatment needed before water discharge or reuse. SN 1556-6560 EI 1556-6579 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2015.1542 UT WOS:000365243800010 ER PT J AU Crosby, MK Fan, ZF Spetich, MA Leininger, TD Fan, XG AF Crosby, Michael K. Fan, Zhaofei Spetich, Martin A. Leininger, Theodor D. Fan, Xingang TI Early indications of drought impacts on forests in the southeastern United States SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE AB In the southeastern United States, drought can pose a significant threat to forests by reducing the amount of available water, thereby stressing trees. Destructive changes in crown conditions provide the first visible indication of a problem in a forested area, making it a useful indicator for problems within an ecosystem. Forest Health and Monitoring (FHM) and Palmer's Drought Severity Index (PDSI) data from 11 states in the southeastern United States were obtained in an effort to determine the role that drought, forest type, and ecoregion have in indicating differences in crown dieback. Analyses were conducted by species groups using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. The greatest amount of total relative crown dieback occurred in red oak (18%), followed by other hardwoods (14%), and white oak (11%). Relative crown dieback varied by forest type and ecoregion with a relationship to drought in both red oak and white oak. This information will be useful for focusing future research and modeling efforts to predict forest health conditions affected by changing climate variables. SN 0015-7546 EI 1499-9315 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 91 IS 4 BP 376 EP 383 DI 10.5558/tfc2015-067 UT WOS:000365035900017 ER PT J AU Vandygriff, JC Hansen, EM Bentz, BJ Allen, KK Amman, GD Rasmussen, LA AF Vandygriff, J. C. Hansen, E. M. Bentz, B. J. Allen, K. K. Amman, G. D. Rasmussen, L. A. TI Long-term efficacy of diameter-limit cutting to reduce mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality in a lodgepole pine forest SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE AB Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is the most significant mortality agent in pine forests of western North America. Silvicultural treatments that reduce the number of susceptible host trees, alter age and size class distributions, and diversify species composition are considered viable, long-term options for reducing stand susceptibility to mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality. Short-term efficacy of thinning treatments has been evaluated, but long-term efficacy has not. We evaluated mountain pine beetle-caused lodgepole pine mortality in 2008, similar to 28 years after diameter-limit cutting from above that removed the largest diameter lodgepole pines in a Wyoming, USA forest. Following extensive recent mountain pine beetle activity, the partially-cut stands had significantly less mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality compared to untreated reference stands. These results are similar to observations five years post-treatment, albeit using different reference stands because the original controls were lost to timber harvest. The original management objective was reduced mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality, and this objective was achieved, lasting for up to 28 years. Despite the reduced mortality among partially-cut stands, however, untreated and treated stands had similar densities of residual live mature lodgepole pine and those in untreated stands had larger average diameters. SN 0015-7546 EI 1499-9315 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 91 IS 4 BP 444 EP U292 DI 10.5558/tfc2015-074 UT WOS:000365035900024 ER PT J AU Braz, MG Braz, LG Freire, CMM Lucio, LMC Braz, JRC Tang, GW Salvadori, DMF Yeum, KJ AF Braz, Mariana G. Braz, Leandro G. Freire, Cristiana M. M. Lucio, Lorena M. C. Braz, Jose R. C. Tang, Guangwen Salvadori, Daisy M. F. Yeum, Kyung-Jin TI Isoflurane and Propofol Contribute to Increasing the Antioxidant Status of Patients During Minor Elective Surgery A Randomized Clinical Study SO MEDICINE AB Isoflurane is a volatile halogenated anesthetic used especially for anesthesia maintenance whereas propofol is a venous anesthetic utilized for anesthesia induction and maintenance, and reportedly an antioxidant. However, there are still controversies related to isoflurane-induced oxidative stress and it remains unanswered whether the antioxidant effects occur in patients under propofol anesthesia.Taking into account the importance of better understanding the role of anesthetics on oxidative stress in anesthetized patients, the present study was designed to evaluate general anesthesia maintained with isoflurane or propofol on antioxidant status in patients who underwent minimally invasive surgeries.We conducted a prospective randomized trial in 30 adult patients without comorbidities who underwent elective minor surgery (septoplasty) lasting at least 2h admitted to a Brazilian tertiary hospital.The patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups, according to anesthesia maintenance (isoflurane, n=15 or propofol, n=15). Peripheral blood samples were drawn before anesthesia (baseline) and 2-h after anesthesia induction.The primary outcomes were to investigate the effect of either isoflurane or propofol anesthesia on aqueous plasma oxidizability and total antioxidant performance (TAP) by fluorometry as well as several individual antioxidants by high-performance liquid chromatography. As secondary outcome, oxidized genetic damage (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, known as 8-oxo-Gua) was investigated by the comet assay.Both anesthesia techniques (isoflurane or propofol) for a 2-h period resulted in a significant decrease of plasma -tocopherol, but not other antioxidants including uric acid, carotenoids, and retinol (P>0.05). Propofol, in contrast to isoflurane anesthesia, significantly increased (P<0.001) anti-inflammatory/antioxidant plasma -tocopherol concentration in patients. Both anesthesia types significantly enhanced hydrophilic antioxidant capacity and TAP, with no significant difference between them, and 8-oxo-Gua remained unchanged during anesthesia in both groups. In addition, both anesthetics showed antioxidant capacity in vitro.This study shows that anesthesia maintained with either propofol or isoflurane increase both hydrophilic and total antioxidant capacity in plasma, but only propofol anesthesia increases plasma -tocopherol concentration. Additionally, both types of anesthetics do not lead to oxidative DNA damage in patients without comorbidities undergoing minimally invasive surgery. OI Braz, Mariana/0000-0003-4413-226X SN 0025-7974 EI 1536-5964 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 94 IS 31 AR e1266 DI 10.1097/MD.0000000000001266 UT WOS:000364300800001 PM 26252290 ER PT J AU Buxton, TH Buffington, JM Yager, EM Hassan, MA Fremier, AK AF Buxton, Todd H. Buffington, John M. Yager, Elowyn M. Hassan, Marwan A. Fremier, Alexander K. TI The relative stability of salmon redds and unspawned streambeds SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB Where female salmon build nests ("redds''), streambed material is mixed, fine sediment is winnowed, and bed material is moved into a tailspill mound resembling the shape of a dune. Completed redd surfaces are coarser and better sorted than unspawned beds, which is thought to increase redd stability because larger grains are heavier and harder to move, and sorting increases friction angles for mobility. However, spawning also loosens sediment and creates topography that accelerates flow, which can increase particle mobility. We address these factors controlling the relative stability of redds and unspawned beds in flume experiments where redds were constructed with a dynamic technique that mimics the nesting behavior of female salmon. Although redds exhibited relatively coarse surfaces, measured entrainment forces indicate particle loosening by spawning lowered grain resistance to motion by 12-37% on average compared to unspawned beds. In addition, for the same discharges, boundary shear stress was 13-41% higher on a redd due to flow convergence on the tailspill. Visual measurements of particle entrainment further indicated redd instability, as bed-average shear stress was 22% lower at incipient motion and 29% lower at the discharge that mobilized all grain sizes on a redd. Overall, results demonstrate that redds are unstable compared to unspawned beds, which increases the risk of scour for buried eggs but may facilitate fine sediment flushing and improve the quality of spawning gravels for future generations of spawners. Therefore, managing salmon returns to increase streambed disturbance may be an effective tool for reducing sedimentation impacts on salmon reproduction. SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 8 BP 6074 EP 6092 DI 10.1002/2015WR016908 UT WOS:000363402800012 ER PT J AU Mallick, K Boegh, E Trebs, I Alfieri, JG Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Niyogi, D Das, N Drewry, DT Hoffmann, L Jarvis, AJ AF Mallick, Kaniska Boegh, Eva Trebs, Ivonne Alfieri, Joseph G. Kustas, William P. Prueger, John H. Niyogi, Dev Das, Narendra Drewry, Darren T. Hoffmann, Lucien Jarvis, Andrew J. TI Reintroducing radiometric surface temperature into the Penman-Monteith formulation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB Here we demonstrate a novel method to physically integrate radiometric surface temperature (T-R) into the Penman-Monteith (PM) formulation for estimating the terrestrial sensible and latent heat fluxes (H and lambda E) in the framework of a modified Surface Temperature Initiated Closure (STIC). It combines T-R data with standard energy balance closure models for deriving a hybrid scheme that does not require parameterization of the surface (or stomatal) and aerodynamic conductances (g(S) and g(B)). STIC is formed by the simultaneous solution of four state equations and it uses T-R as an additional data source for retrieving the "near surface'' moisture availability (M) and the Priestley-Taylor coefficient (alpha). The performance of STIC is tested using high-temporal resolution T-R observations collected from different international surface energy flux experiments in conjunction with corresponding net radiation (R-N), ground heat flux (G), air temperature (T-A), and relative humidity (R-H) measurements. A comparison of the STIC outputs with the eddy covariance measurements of lambda E and H revealed RMSDs of 7-16% and 40-74% in half-hourly lambda E and H estimates. These statistics were 5-13% and 10-44% in daily lambda E and H. The errors and uncertainties in both surface fluxes are comparable to the models that typically use land surface parameterizations for determining the unobserved components (g(S) and g(B)) of the surface energy balance models. However, the scheme is simpler, has the capabilities for generating spatially explicit surface energy fluxes and independent of submodels for boundary layer developments. RI Trebs, Ivonne/L-9125-2013 SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 8 BP 6214 EP 6243 DI 10.1002/2014WR016106 UT WOS:000363402800020 ER PT J AU Rice, JS Emanuel, RE Vose, JM Nelson, SAC AF Rice, Joshua S. Emanuel, Ryan E. Vose, James M. Nelson, Stacy A. C. TI Continental US streamflow trends from 1940 to 2009 and their relationships with watershed spatial characteristics SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB Changes in streamflow are an important area of ongoing research in the hydrologic sciences. To better understand spatial patterns in past changes in streamflow, we examined relationships between watershed-scale spatial characteristics and trends in streamflow. Trends in streamflow were identified by analyzing mean daily flow observations between 1940 and 2009 from 967 U.S. Geological Survey stream gages. Results indicated that streamflow across the continental U.S., as a whole, increased while becoming less extreme between 1940 and 2009. However, substantial departures from the continental U.S. (CONUS) scale pattern occurred at the regional scale, including increased annual maxima, decreased annual minima, overall drying trends, and changes in streamflow variability. A subset of watersheds belonging to a reference data set exhibited significantly smaller trend magnitudes than those observed in nonreference watersheds. Boosted regression tree models were applied to examine the influence of watershed characteristics on streamflow trend magnitudes at both the CONUS and regional scale. Geographic location was found to be of particular importance at the CONUS scale while local variability in hydroclimate and topography tended to have a strong influence on regional-scale patterns in streamflow trends. This methodology facilitates detailed, data-driven analyses of how the characteristics of individual watersheds interact with large-scale hydroclimate forces to influence how changes in streamflow manifest. RI Emanuel, Ryan/C-3796-2012; OI Emanuel, Ryan/0000-0002-2166-1698; Rice, Joshua/0000-0003-2166-9857 SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 8 BP 6262 EP 6275 DI 10.1002/2014WR016367 UT WOS:000363402800022 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL DeSutter, TM AF Shelver, Weilin L. DeSutter, Thomas M. TI Ractopamine up take by alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) from soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AB Ractopamine is a beta adrenergic agonist used as a growth promoter in swine, cattle and turkeys. To test whether ractopamine has the potential to accumulate in plants grown in contaminated soil, a greenhouse study was conducted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in two soils having different concentrations of organic matter (1.3% and 2.1%), amended with 0, 0.5, and 10 mu g/g of ractopamine. Plant growth ranged from 2.7 to 8.8 g dry weight (dw) for alfalfa, and 8.7 to 40 g dw for wheat and was generally greater in the higher organic matter content soil. The uptake of ractopamine in plant tissues ranged from non-detectable to 897 ng/g and was strongly dependent on soil ractopamine concentration across soil and plant tissue. When adjusted to the total fortified quantities, the amount of ractopamine taken up by the plant tissue was low, <0.01% for either soil. (C) 2015 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 1001-0742 EI 1878-7320 PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 34 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.010 UT WOS:000362980400011 PM 26257350 ER PT J AU Wei, W Davis, RE Suo, XB Zhao, Y AF Wei, Wei Davis, Robert E. Suo, Xiaobing Zhao, Yan TI Occurrence, distribution and possible functional roles of simple sequence repeats in phytoplasma genomes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY AB Phytoplasmas are unculturable, cell-wall-less bacteria that parasitize plants and insects. This transkingdom life cycle requires rapid responses to vastly different environments, including transitions from plant phloem sieve elements to various insect tissues and alternations among diverse plant hosis. Features that enable such flexibility in other microbes include simple sequence repeats (SSRs) mutation-prone, phase-variable short DNA tracts that function as 'evolutionary rheostats' and enhance rapid adaptations. To gain insights into the occurrence, distribution and potentially functional roles of SSRs in phytoplasmas, we performed computational analysis on the genomes of five completely sequenced phytoplasma strains, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'-related strains OYM and AYWB, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense'-related strains CBWB and SLY and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'-related strain AP-AT. The overall density of SSRs in phytoplasma genomes was higher than in representative strains of other prokaryotes. While mono- and trinucleotide SSRs were significantly overrepresented in the phytoplasma genomes, dinucleotide SSRs and other higher-order SSRs were underrepresented. The occurrence and distribution of long SSRs in the prophage islands and phytoplasma-unique genetic loci indicated that SSRs played a role in compounding the complexity of sequence mosaics in individual genomes and in increasing allelic diversity among genomes. Findings from computational analyses were further complemented by an examination of SSRs in varied additional phytoplasma strains, with a focus on potential contingency genes. Some SSRs were located in regions that could profoundly alter the regulation of transcription and translation of affected genes and/or the composition of protein products. SN 1466-5026 EI 1466-5034 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 65 BP 2748 EP 2760 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.000273 PN 8 UT WOS:000362384800061 PM 25899506 ER PT J AU Su, ZH Pan, BR Sanderson, SC Jiang, XL Zhang, ML AF Su, Zhihao Pan, Borong Sanderson, Stewart C. Jiang, Xiaolong Zhang, Mingli TI Conservation genetics and geographic patterns of genetic variation of the endangered officinal herb Fritillaria pallidiflora SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY AB Fritillaria pallidiflora is an endangered officinal herb distributed in the Tianshan Mountains of northwestern China. We examined its phylogeography to study evolutionary processes and suggest implications for conservation. Six haplotypes were detected based on three chloroplast non-coding spacers (psbA-trnH, rps16, and trnS-trnG); genetic variation mainly occurred among populations and SAMOVA groups. This species is distributed in different deep valleys, and we speculate that these fragmented habitats cause gene flow barriers among populations and groups. We also speculate that during glacial periods, extremely low temperatures and aridity caused additional range shrinkage and fragmentation, factors consequently resulting in significant intraspecific differentiation in allopatric regions. For setting a conservation management plan, we identified the Lucaogou region as the most important area, and we designated two ESUs for separate management. SN 0107-055X EI 1756-1051 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 33 IS 4 BP 506 EP 512 DI 10.1111/njb.00677 UT WOS:000362577200018 ER PT J AU Wilson, WC Gaudreault, NN Hossein, MM McVey, DS AF Wilson, W. C. Gaudreault, N. N. Hossein, M. M. McVey, D. S. TI Lesser-known bunyavirus infections SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES AB This paper reviews less well-known or less widely distributed viruses of the Bunyaviridae family that are nonetheless of significant veterinary and public health concern. These include: Cache Valley fever, Main Drain, Ingwavuma, Bhanja and Heartland viruses. A description of the agents, clinical signs of infection, epidemiology, and insect transmission is provided for each, and the authors discuss current diagnostic strategies plus the lack of control measures. SN 0253-1933 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 419 EP 429 UT WOS:000362311000010 PM 26601445 ER PT J AU McVey, DS Wilson, WC Gay, CG AF McVey, D. S. Wilson, W. C. Gay, C. G. TI West Nile Virus SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES AB This review covers the basic biology of the West Nile virus and the host vector-pathogen interactions that result in significant disease in wild birds, horses and humans. The review describes the basic properties of the virus, cellular infection and the pathogenesis of the disease, and the ecology of virus maintenance, amplification and transmission. Disease epidemiology and risk estimation strategies that are currently in use are also examined, and host immune responses and vaccination practices described. The principles of vector control, exposure control and long-term risks caused by climatic and habitat factors are also included. SN 0253-1933 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 431 EP 439 UT WOS:000362311000011 PM 26601446 ER PT J AU Livingstone, D Royaert, S Stack, C Mockaitis, K May, G Farmer, A Saski, C Schnell, R Kuhn, D Motamayor, JC AF Livingstone, Donald Royaert, Stefan Stack, Conrad Mockaitis, Keithanne May, Greg Farmer, Andrew Saski, Christopher Schnell, Ray Kuhn, David Motamayor, Juan Carlos TI Making a chocolate chip: development and evaluation of a 6K SNP array for Theobroma cacao SO DNA RESEARCH AB Theobroma cacao, the key ingredient in chocolate production, is one of the world's most important tree fruit crops, with similar to 4,000,000 metric tons produced across 50 countries. To move towards gene discovery and marker-assisted breeding in cacao, a single-nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) identification project was undertaken using RNAseq data from 16 diverse cacao cultivars. RNA sequences were aligned to the assembled transcriptome of the cultivar Matina 1-6, and 330,000 SNPs within coding regions were identified. From these SNPs, a subset of 6,000 high-quality SNPs were selected for inclusion on an Illumina Infinium SNP array: the Cacao6kSNP array. Using Cacao6KSNP array data from over 1,000 cacao samples, we demonstrate that our custom array produces a saturated genetic map and can be used to distinguish among even closely related genotypes. Our study enhances and expands the genetic resources available to the cacao research community, and provides the genome-scale set of tools that are critical for advancing breeding with molecular markers in an agricultural species with high genetic diversity. SN 1340-2838 EI 1756-1663 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1093/dnares/dsv009 UT WOS:000362346000004 PM 26070980 ER PT J AU Lewis, DL Baruch-Mordo, S Wilson, KR Breck, SW Mao, JS Broderick, J AF Lewis, D. L. Baruch-Mordo, S. Wilson, K. R. Breck, S. W. Mao, J. S. Broderick, J. TI Foraging ecology of black bears in urban environments: guidance for human-bear conflict mitigation SO ECOSPHERE AB Urban environments offer wildlife novel anthropogenic resources that vary spatiotemporally at fine scales. Property damage, economic losses, human injury, or other human-wildlife conflicts can occur when wildlife use these resources; however, few studies have examined urban wildlife resource selection at fine scales to guide conflict mitigation. We studied black bears (Ursus americanus) in the urban area of Aspen, Colorado, USA from 2007 to 2010 to quantify bear foraging on natural and anthropogenic resources and to model factors associated with anthropogenic feeding events. We collected fine-scale spatiotemporal data by tracking GPS-collared bears at 30-min intervals and backtracked to bear locations within 24 hours of use. We used discrete choice models to assess bears' resource selection, modeling anthropogenic feeding (use) and five associated random (availability) locations as a function of attributes related to temporally changing natural (e.g., ripe mast) and human (e.g., garbage) food resources, urban characteristics (e.g., housing density), and land cover characteristics (e.g., distance to riparian area). We backtracked to 2,675 locations used by 24 bears and classified 20% as foraging locations. We found that bears foraged on both natural and anthropogenic food sources in the urban environment, with 77% of feeding events being anthropogenic. We documented inter-and intra-annual foraging patterns in which bears foraged extensively in urban areas when natural food production was poor, then switched to natural food sources when available. These patterns suggest that bears balance energy budgets and individual safety when making foraging decisions. Overwhelmingly, garbage was the main anthropogenic food source that bears used. Selection of foraging sites was not only influenced by presence of garbage but also by proximity to riparian habitat and presence of ripe anthropogenic fruit trees. We found that while 76% of the garbage containers at random locations were bear-resistant, 57% of these bear-resistant containers were not properly secured. We recommend conflict mitigation focus on reducing available garbage and anthropogenic fruit trees, particularly near riparian areas, to make urban environments less energetically beneficial for foraging. Additionally, deploying bear-resistant containers is inadequate without education and proactive enforcement to change human behavior to properly secure garbage and ultimately reduce human-bear conflict. SN 2150-8925 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 AR 141 DI 10.1890/ES15-00137.1 UT WOS:000362118100003 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZY Zhao, W Li, DS Yang, JL Zsak, L Yu, QZ AF Zhang, Zhenyu Zhao, Wei Li, Deshan Yang, Jinlong Zsak, Laszlo Yu, Qingzhong TI Development of a Newcastle disease virus vector expressing a foreign gene through an internal ribosomal entry site provides direct proof for a sequential transcription mechanism SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY AB In the present study, we developed a novel approach for foreign gene expression by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from a second ORF through an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). Six NDV LaSota strain-based recombinant viruses vectoring the IRES and a red fluorescence protein (RFP) gene behind the nucleocapsid (NP), phosphoprotein (P), matrix (M), fusion (F), haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) or large polymerase (L) gene ORF were generated using reverse genetics technology. The insertion of the second ORF slightly attenuated virus pathogenicity, but did not affect ability of the virus to grow. Quantitative measurements of RFP expression in virus-infected DF-1 cells revealed that the abundance of viral mRNAs and red fluorescence intensity were positively correlated with the gene order of NDV, 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5', proving the sequential transcription mechanism for NDV. The results herein suggest that the level of foreign gene expression could be regulated by selecting the second ORF insertion site to maximize the efficacy of vaccine and gene therapy. SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 BP 2028 EP 2035 DI 10.1099/vir.0.000142 PN 8 UT WOS:000362243000005 PM 25872740 ER PT J AU Schneider, DA Madsen-Bouterse, SA Zhuang, DY Truscott, TC Dassanayake, RP O'Rourke, KI AF Schneider, David A. Madsen-Bouterse, Sally A. Zhuang, Dongyue Truscott, Thomas C. Dassanayake, Rohana P. O'Rourke, Katherine I. TI The placenta shed from goats with classical scrapie is infectious to goat kids and lambs SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY AB The placenta of domestic sheep plays a key role in horizontal transmission of classical scrapie. Domestic goats are frequently raised with sheep and are susceptible to classical scrapie, yet potential routes of transmission from goats to sheep are not fully defined. Sparse accumulation of disease-associated prion protein in cotyledons casts doubt about the role of the goat's placenta. Thus, relevant to mixed-herd management and scrapie-eradication efforts worldwide, we determined if the goat's placenta contains prions orally infectious to goat kids and lambs. A pooled cotyledon homogenate, prepared from the shed placenta of a goat with naturally acquired classical scrapie disease, was used to orally inoculate scrapie-naive prion genotype-matched goat kids and scrapie-susceptible lambs raised separately in a scrapie-free environment. Transmission was detected in all four goats and in two of four sheep, which importantly identifies the goat's placenta as a risk for horizontal transmission to sheep and other goats. SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 BP 2464 EP 2469 DI 10.1099/vir.0.000151 PN 8 UT WOS:000362243000050 PM 25888622 ER PT J AU Barba, P Cadle-Davidson, L Galarneau, E Reisch, B AF Barba, Paola Cadle-Davidson, Lance Galarneau, Erin Reisch, Bruce TI Vitis rupestris B38 Confers Isolate-Specific Quantitative Resistance to Penetration by Erysiphe necator SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB Vitis rupestris B38 is a North American grapevine resistant to the major pathogen of cultivated grapevines, Erysiphe necator. Sources of powdery mildew resistance, like V. rotundifolia, are widely used in grape breeding but are already threatened, even before commercialization, by isolates that can reproduce on Run1 and other rotundifolia-derived breeding lines. Thus, complementary sources of resistance are needed to improve resistance durability. The segregation of foliar powdery mildew severity in an F-1 family, derived from a cross of V. rupestris B38 x V. vinifera 'Chardonnay', was observed in the field over three growing seasons and in potted vines following single-isolate inoculation. A pattern of continuous variation was observed in every instance. Mechanisms of resistance were analyzed on the resistant and susceptible parent by using microscopy to quantify the ability of the pathogen to penetrate and to form a colony on detached leaves. While 'Chardonnay' was susceptible in all tested conditions, V. rupestris B38 resistance was characterized by a reduction in pathogen penetration, with an effect of leaf position and significant differences among powdery mildew isolates. Segregation of the ability of the pathogen to penetrate and form a colony in F-1 individuals showed a pattern of quantitative penetration resistance with no delay or restriction on colony formation once penetration has been achieved. Moreover, V. rupestris B38 showed an enhanced penetration resistance to a powdery mildew isolate with the ability to overcome the Run1 gene, making it an interesting resistance source to prolong the durability of this gene. SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1097 EP 1103 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-09-14-0260-R UT WOS:000361919000008 PM 26039640 ER PT J AU Feechan, A Kocsis, M Riaz, S Zhang, W Gadoury, DM Walker, MA Dry, IB Reisch, B Cadle-Davidson, L AF Feechan, Angela Kocsis, Marianna Riaz, Summaira Zhang, Wei Gadoury, David M. Walker, M. Andrew Dry, Ian B. Reisch, Bruce Cadle-Davidson, Lance TI Strategies for RUN1 Deployment Using RUN2 and REN2 to Manage Grapevine Powdery Mildew Informed by Studies of Race Specificity SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB The Toll/interleukin-1 receptor nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat gene, "resistance to Uncinula necator 1" (RUN1), from Vitis rotundifolia was recently identified and confirmed to confer resistance to the grapevine powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe necator (syn. U. necator) in transgenic V. vinifera cultivars. However, sporulating powdery mildew colonies and cleistothecia of the heterothallic pathogen have been found on introgression lines containing the RUN1 locus growing in New York (NY). Two E. necator isolates collected from RUN1 vines were designated NY1-131 and NY1-137 and were used in this study to inform a strategy for durable RUN1 deployment. In order to achieve this, fitness parameters of NY1-131 and NY1-137 were quantified relative to powdery mildew isolates collected from V. rotundifolia and V. vinifera on vines containing alleles of the powdery mildew resistance genes RUN1, RUN2, or REN2. The results clearly demonstrate the race specificity of RUN1, RUN2, and REN2 resistance alleles, all of which exhibit programmed cell death (PCD)-mediated resistance. The NY1 isolates investigated were found to have an intermediate virulence on RUN1 vines, although this may be allele specific, while the Musc4 isolate collected from V. rotundifolia was virulent on all RUN1 vines. Another powdery mildew resistance locus, RUN2, was previously mapped in different V. rotundifolia genotypes, and two alleles (RUN2.1 and RUN2.2) were identified. The RUN2.1 allele was found to provide PCD-mediated resistance to both an NY1 isolate and Musc4. Importantly, REN2 vines were resistant to the NY1 isolates and RUN1REN2 vines combining both genes displayed additional resistance. Based on these results, RUN1-mediated resistance in grapevine may be enhanced by pyramiding with RUN2.1 or REN2; however, naturally occurring isolates in North America display some virulence on vines with these resistance genes. The characterization of additional resistance sources is needed to identify resistance gene combinations that will further enhance durability. For the resistance gene combinations currently available, we recommend using complementary management strategies, including fungicide application, to reduce populations of virulent isolates. RI Dry, Ian/A-5004-2008 SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1104 EP 1113 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-09-14-0244-R UT WOS:000361919000009 PM 26039639 ER PT J AU Milus, EA Lee, KD Brown-Guedira, G AF Milus, Eugene A. Lee, Kevin D. Brown-Guedira, Gina TI Characterization of Stripe Rust Resistance in Wheat Lines with Resistance Gene Yr17 and Implications for Evaluating Resistance and Virulence SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, has been the most important foliar wheat disease in south central United States since 2000 when a new strain of the pathogen emerged. The resistance gene Yr17 was used by many breeding programs to develop resistant cultivars. Although Yr17 was classified as a seedling (all-stage) resistance gene conferring a low infection type, seedlings with Yr17 frequently had intermediate to high infection types when inoculated with isolates that caused little or no disease on adult plants of the same wheat lines. The objectives of this study were to determine how to best evaluate Yr17 resistance in wheat lines and to determine which factors made seedling tests involving Yr17 so variable. Stripe rust reactions on wheat seedlings with Yr17 were influenced by temperature, wheat genotype, pathogen isolate, and the leaf (first or second) used to assess the seedling reaction. The most critical factors for accurately evaluating Yr17 reactions at the seedling stage were to avoid night temperatures below 12 degrees C, to use the first leaf to assess the seedling reaction, to use multiple differentials with Yr17 and known avirulent, partially virulent and virulent isolates as controls, and to recognize that intermediate infection types likely represent a level of partial virulence in the pathogen that is insufficient to cause disease on adult plants in the field. SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1123 EP 1130 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-11-14-0304-R UT WOS:000361919000011 PM 25775101 ER PT J AU Stewart, CL Pyle, JD Jochum, CC Vogel, KP Yuen, GY Scholthof, KBG AF Stewart, Catherine L. Pyle, Jesse D. Jochum, Charlene C. Vogel, Kenneth P. Yuen, Gary Y. Scholthof, Karen-Beth G. TI Multi-Year Pathogen Survey of Biofuel Switchgrass Breeding Plots Reveals High Prevalence of Infections by Panicum mosaic virus and Its Satellite Virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) cultivars are currently under development as lignocellulosic feedstock. Here we present a survey of three established switchgrass experimental nurseries in Nebraska in which we identified Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) as the most prevalent virus. In 2012, 72% of 139 symptomatic plants tested positive for PMV. Of the PMV-positive samples, 19% were coinfected with its satellite virus (SPMV). Less than 14% of all sampled plants in 2012 were positive for four additional viruses known to infect switchgrass. In 2013, randomized sampling of switchgrass individuals from the same 2012 breeding plots revealed that infection by PMV or PMV+SPMV was both more prevalent and associated with more severe symptoms in the cultivar Summer, and experimental lines with Summer parentage, than populations derived from the cultivar Kanlow. A 3-year analysis, from 2012 to 2014, showed that previously uninfected switchgrass plants acquire PMV or PMV+SPMV between harvest cycles. In contrast, some plants apparently did not maintain PMV infections at detectable levels from year-to-year. These findings suggest that PMV and SPMV should be considered important pathogens of switchgrass and serious potential threats to biofuel crop production efficiency. SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1146 EP 1154 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-03-15-0062-R UT WOS:000361919000014 PM 25894317 ER PT J AU Green, TR Erskine, RH Coleman, ML David, O Ascough, JC Kipka, H AF Green, Timothy R. Erskine, Robert H. Coleman, Michael L. David, Olaf Ascough, James C., II Kipka, Holm TI The AgroEcoSystem (AgES) Response-Function Model Simulates Layered Soil-Water Dynamics in Semiarid Colorado: Sensitivity and Calibration SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL AB Simulation of vertical soil hydrology is a critical component of predicting more complex multidimensional soil water dynamics in space and time. The AgroEcoSystem (AgES) model is identified here as a single land-unit application of the three-dimensional AgES-W (Watershed) model. AgES simulates vertical soil water dynamics using global and layered soil response functions with conceptual storages as state variables. A detailed description of the response functions that control infiltration, evaporation, and soil-water processes facilitates sensitivity analysis, model calibration, and evaluation against volumetric soil-water content (SWC) at measured layers. The Object Modeling System links AgES to a Shuffled Complex Evolution calibration tool called Luca. We used Luca and fractional factorial experimental designs to analyze parameter sensitivities, then applied different strategies of implementing Luca to layered SWC data. The profile dynamics of the simulated SWC resulted in depth-averaged Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values of 0.60 to 0.95 for calibration in 2003 and 2005, and up to 0.80 for 4 yr used for (cross-)evaluation. Using the 2005 calibration parameters, NSE became negative in 2009 and 2011 due to large negative values at some depths with low variance in SWC. Optimal parameter sets for each calibration year were not unique, and model results did not fully capture the measured dynamics. Even so, AgES simulations compared favorably with previous simulations of SWC at this site using a Richards' equation model. These results provide new understanding of the model responses and interactions between functions controlling the vertical flow and storage of water to aid watershed modeling. SN 1539-1663 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 14 IS 8 DI 10.2136/vzj2014.09.0119 UT WOS:000362065400001 ER PT J AU Ballew, MT Omoto, AM Winter, PL AF Ballew, Matthew T. Omoto, Allen M. Winter, Patricia L. TI Using Web 2.0 and Social Media Technologies to Foster Proenvironmental Action SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Research from a variety of disciplines suggests that online technologies (i.e., Web 2.0 and social media) have considerable potential for spurring proenvironmental action; however, relatively little work examines how to effectively capitalize on these communication and organization tools. This review paper describes the Technologies for Proenvironmental Action Model (TPAM), a conceptual framework that explicates how different functions of Web 2.0 and social media (i.e., informational, relational, and experiential) can generate and/or facilitate personal, social, and contextual pathways to environmentally responsible behaviors. As derived from the TPAM, the likelihood of achieving practical goals of increasing proenvironmental behaviors is enhanced when technological functions are matched to the different pathways to proenvironmental action. For example, the relational function of technologies, as exemplified by Social Networking Sites (SNSs), should be particularly effective in communicating social norms supportive of environmentally responsible behaviors. The TPAM is intended as a guide to develop novel approaches, research questions, and methodologies in leveraging Web 2.0 and social media technologies to promote proenvironmental action. Results will contribute to basic theory development and work in applied settings (e.g., local environmental organizations) in order to effectively communicate and organize with different segments of the population to increase sustainable behaviors. SN 2071-1050 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 10620 EP 10648 DI 10.3390/su70810620 UT WOS:000361600500018 ER PT J AU Browne, GT Leslie, CA Grant, JA Bhat, RG Schmidt, LS Hackett, WP Kluepfel, DA Robinson, R McGranahan, GH AF Browne, Gregory T. Leslie, Charles A. Grant, Joseph A. Bhat, Ravindra G. Schmidt, Leigh S. Hackett, Wesley P. Kluepfel, Daniel A. Robinson, Reid McGranahan, Gale H. TI Resistance to Species of Phytophthora Identified among Clones of Juglans microcarpa x J. regia SO HORTSCIENCE AB Species of Phzytophthora are serious soilborne pathogens of persian (english) walnut, causing crown and root rot and associated production losses worldwide. To facilitate the development of improved walnut rootstocks, we examined resistance of 48 diverse clones and seedlings of Juglans species to P. cinnamomi and P. citricola. Plants were micropropagated, acclimatized to a greenhouse environment, and then exposed to the pathogens in artificially infested potting soil mix. Inoculated plants, as well as noninoculated controls, were subjected to soil flooding for 48 hours every 2 weeks to facilitate infection by the pathogens. Two to 3 months after inoculation, resistance to the pathogens was assessed according to the severity of crown and root rot. Clonal hybrids of J. californica x J. regia were highly susceptible to the pathogens (means 52% to 76% root crown length rotted), while several clones of J. microcarpa x regia were significantly less susceptible (means 8% to 79% crown length rotted). Among clones of other parentages tested, including: J. microcarpa, J. californica x J. nigra) x J. regia, J. hindsii x J. regia, (J. hindsii x J. regia) x J. regia,[(J. major x hindsii) x J. nigra] x J. regia, and J. nigra x J. regia, responses varied, but tended to be intermediate. When 'Serr' scions were budded or grafted on J. microcarpa x regia clone 'RX1' or Paradox (J. hindsii x J. regia) seedling rootstocks in a commercial orchard infested with P. cinnamomi, all trees on 'RX1' remained healthy, whereas only 49% of those on Paradox survived. Thus, useful resistance to Phytophthora is available among T. microcarpa x J. regia hybrids and is evident in 'RX1' rootstock. SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1136 EP 1142 UT WOS:000361421000002 ER PT J AU Yada, B Brown-Guedira, G Alajo, A Ssemakula, GN Mwanga, ROM Yeneho, GC AF Yada, Benard Brown-Guedira, Gina Alajo, Agnes Ssemakula, Gorrettie N. Mwanga, Robert O. M. Yeneho, G. Craig TI Simple Sequence Repeat Marker Analysis of Genetic Diversity among Progeny of a Biparental Mapping Population of Sweetpotato SO HORTSCIENCE AB Genetic diversity is critical in sweetpotato improvement as it is the source of genes for desired genetic gains. Knowledge of the level of genetic diversity in a segregating family contributes to our understanding of the genetic diversity present in crosses and helps breeders to make selections for population improvement and cultivar release. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have become widely used markers for diversity and linkage analysis in plants. In this study, we screened 405 sweetpotato SSR markers for polymorphism on the parents and progeny of a biparental cross of New Kawogo x Beauregard cultivars. Thereafter, we used the informative markers to analyze the diversity in this population. A total of 250 markers were polymorphic on the parents and selected progeny; of these, 133 were informative and used for diversity analysis. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of the 133 markers ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 with an average of 0.7, an indication of high level of informativeness. The pairwise genetic distances among the progeny and parents ranged from 0.2 to 0.9, and they were grouped into five main clusters. The 133 SSR primers were informative and are recommended for use in sweetpotato diversity and linkage analysis. SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1143 EP 1147 UT WOS:000361421000003 ER PT J AU Grahn, CM Hellier, B Benedict, C Miles, C AF Grahn, Charlene M. Hellier, Barbara Benedict, Chris Miles, Carol TI Screening USDA Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Germplasm for Ability to Germinate under Cold Conditions SO HORTSCIENCE AB Low temperatures can slow down emergence, decrease weed competitiveness, and lead to uneven crop maturity in direct-seeded crops such as baby leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). In this study, seeds of 103 single-parent lineage, homozygous lettuce accessions (53 cos and 50 leaf type) from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) and six commercial standard lettuce cultivars (three cos and three leaf type) were evaluated in replications for percent germination after 7 and 10 days at 5 degrees C in a germination chamber. Cos and leaf types were selected for this study as they are most commonly used for baby leaf lettuce production. Differences were observed among entries in percent seeds germinated after both 7 and 10 days. Overall, an average of 68% of seeds germinated after 7 days and 94% germinated after 10 days. Although several NPGS accessions had higher percent germination than the commercial cultivars, the average percent germination was not statistically different between the two seed sources at 7 or 10 days. Percent germination also did not differ between entries of cos and leaf type after 7 or 10 days. Similarly, no difference in percent germination between entries of dark and white seed color was observed after 7 or 10 days. No relationship between 100 seed weight and percent germination was observed after 7 days (r(2) = 0.07) or 10 days (r(2) = 0.13). Thus, lettuce seed type, color, and 100 seed weight do not appear to be good predictors of germination under cold conditions in lettuce. The accessions with the highest percent germination after 7 days at 5 degrees C have the potential to be used for the development of new lettuce cultivars suitable for an extended, early season production in temperate climates when soil temperature is lower than optimal for lettuce germination. Further studies are needed to assess the ability of these accessions to germinate rapidly under cold field soil conditions. SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1155 EP 1159 UT WOS:000361421000005 ER PT J AU Dixon, EK Strik, BC Valenzuela-Estrada, LR Bryla, DR AF Dixon, Emily K. Strik, Bernadine C. Valenzuela-Estrada, Luis R. Bryla, David R. TI Weed Management, Training, and Irrigation Practices for Organic Production of Trailing Blackberry: I. Mature Plant Growth and Fruit Production SO HORTSCIENCE AB Weed management, training time, and irrigation practices were evaluated from 2013 to 2014 in a mature field of trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubies Watson) established in western Oregon. The field was planted in 2010 and certified organic in 2012, before the first harvest season. Treatments included two cultivars (Marion and Black Diamond), three weed management practices [nonweeded, hand-weeded or bare soil, and weed mat (black landscape fabric)], two irrigation strategies (irrigation throughout the growing season and no postharvest irrigation), and two primocane training dates (August and February). When averaged over the other treatments, 'Marion' and 'Black Diamond' had similar yields in both years. However, the presence of weeds reduced vegetative growth and yield, especially in 'Black Diamond', while weed mat increased growth and yield over hand-weeded plots by 13%. Withholding irrigation after harvest reduced water use by an average of 44% each year without adversely affecting yield in either cultivar. The effects of training time were primarily seen in 2014 after a cold winter. August-trained 'Marion' plants had more cold damage than February-trained plants and, consequently, had fewer and shorter canes, less biomass, fewer nodes, and 1 kg/plant less yield than February-trained plants. 'Black Diamond' was cold hardier than 'Marion', but was more readily infested by raspberry crown borer (Pennisetia marginate Harris). As the planting reached maturity, yields in the best performing organic production systems (both cultivars under weed mat and 'Marion' that was February-trained) averaged 11 and 9 t.ha(-1), for 'Black Diamond' and 'Marion' respectively, similar to what would be expected in conventional production. SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1165 EP 1177 UT WOS:000361421000007 ER PT J AU Staub, JE Gordon, VS Simon, P Wehner, TC AF Staub, Jack E. Gordon, Vanessa S. Simon, Philipp Wehner, Todd C. TI Chilling-tolerant US-processing Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): Three Advanced Backcross and Ten Inbred Backcross Lines SO HORTSCIENCE SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1252 EP 1254 UT WOS:000361421000021 ER PT J AU Strik, BC Bryla, DR AF Strik, Bernadine C. Bryla, David R. TI Uptake and Partitioning of Nutrients in Blackberry and Raspberry and Evaluating Plant Nutrient Status for Accurate Assessment of Fertilizer Requirements SO HORTTECHNOLOGY AB Raspberry and blackberry (Rubus sp.) plantings have a relatively low nutrient requirement compared with many other perennial fruit crops. Knowledge of annual accumulation of nutrients and periods of rapid uptake allows for better management of fertilization programs. Annual total nitrogen (N) accumulation in the aboveground plant ranged from 62 to 110 and 33 to 39 lb/acre in field-grown red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and blackberry (Rubus ssp. rubus), respectively. Research on the fate of applied N-15 (a naturally occurring istope of N) has shown that primocanes rely primarily on fertilizer N for growth, whereas floricane growth is highly dependent on stored N in the over-wintering primocanes, crown, and roots; from 30% to 40% of stored N was allocated to new growth. Plants receiving higher rates of N fertilizer took up more N, often leading to higher N concentrations in the tissues, including the fruit Reallocation of N from senescing floricanes and primocane leaves to canes, crown, and roots has been documented. Accumulation of other macro- and micronutrients in plant parts usually preceded growth. Primocanes generally contained the highest concentration of most nutrients during the growing season, except calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), which often were more concentrated in roots. Roots typically contained the highest concentration of all nutrients during winter dormancy. Nutrient partitioning varied considerably among elements due to different nutrient concentrations and requirements in each raspberry and blackberry plant part. This difference not only affected the proportion of each nutrient allocated to plant parts, but also the relative amount of each nutrient lost or removed during harvest, leaf senescence, and pruning. Macro- and micronutrient concentrations are similar for raspberry and blackberry fruit, resulting in a similar quantity of nutrient removed with each ton of fruit at harvest; however, yield may differ among cultivars and production systems. Nutrient removal in harvested red raspberry and blackberry fruit ranged from 11 to 18 lb/acre N, 10 to 19 lb/acre potassium (K), 2 to 4 lb/acre phosphorus (P), 1 to 2 lb/acre Ca, and 1 to 4 lb/acre magnesium (Mg). Pruning senescing floricanes in August led to greater plant nutrient losses than pruning in autumn. Primocane leaf nutrient status is often used in nutrient management programs. Leaf nutrient concentrations differ with primocane leaf sampling time and cultivar. In Oregon, the present recommended sampling time of late July to early August is acceptable for floricane-fruiting raspberry and blackberry types, and primocane-fruiting raspberry, but not for primocane-fruiting blackberry, where sampling leaves on primocane branches during the green fruit stage is recommended. Presently published leaf tissue standards appear to be too high for K in primocane-fruiting raspberry and blackberry, which is not surprising since the primocanes are producing fruit at the time of sampling and fruit contain a substantial amount of K. SN 1063-0198 EI 1943-7714 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 4 BP 452 EP 459 UT WOS:000361422100004 ER PT J AU Bryla, DR Strik, BC AF Bryla, David R. Strik, Bernadine C. TI Nutrient Requirements, Leaf Tissue Standards, and New Options for Fertigation of Northern Highbush Blueberry SO HORTTECHNOLOGY AB Northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) is well adapted to acidic soils with low nutrient availability, but often requires regular applications of nitrogen (N) and other nutrients for profitable production. Typically, nutrients accumulate in the plant tissues following the same pattern as dry matter and are lost or removed by leaf senescence, pruning, fruit harvest, and root turnover. Leaf tissue testing is a useful tool for monitoring nutrient requirements in northern highbush blueberry, and standards for analysis have been updated for Oregon. Until recently, most commercial plantings of blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) were fertilized using granular fertilizers. However, many new fields are irrigated by drip and fertigated using liquid fertilizers. Suitable sources of liquid N fertilizer for blueberry include ammonium sulfate, ammonium thiosulfate, ammonium phosphate, urea, and urea sulfuric acid. Several growers are also applying humic acids to help improve root growth and are injecting sulfuric acid to reduce carbonates and bicarbonates in the irrigation water. Although only a single line of drip tubing is needed for adequate irrigation of northern highbush blueberry, two lines are often used to encourage a larger root system. The lines are often installed near the base of the plants initially and then repositioned 6-12 inches away once the root system develops. For better efficiency, N should be applied frequently by fertigation (e.g., weekly), beginning at budbreak, but discontinued at least 2 months before the end of the growing season. Applying N in late summer reduces flower bud development in northern highbush blueberry and may lead to late flushes of shoot growth vulnerable to freeze damage. The recommended N rates are higher for fertigation than for granular fertilizers during the first 2 years after planting but are similar to granular rates in the following years. More work is needed to develop fertigation programs for other nutrients and soil supplements in northern highbush blueberry. SN 1063-0198 EI 1943-7714 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 4 BP 464 EP 470 UT WOS:000361422100006 ER PT J AU Madani, B Wall, M Mirshekari, A Bah, A Mohamed, MTM AF Madani, Babak Wall, Marisa Mirshekari, Amin Bah, Alagie Mohamed, Mahmud Tengku Muda TI Influence of Calcium Foliar Fertilization on Plant Growth, Nutrient Concentrations, and Fruit Quality of Papaya SO HORTTECHNOLOGY AB Calcium (Ca) is a major plant nutrient that affects cell wall and plasma membrane formation and plays a key role in plant growth, biomass production, and function. Ca can be used to decrease fruit decay and increase firmness and shelf life. Different sources and concentrations of foliar-applied Ca were examined for the effects on nutrient concentration and growth of 'Eksotika IT papaya (Carica papaya) plants. Papaya seedlings were established in pots and irrigated with a standard nutrient solution in a net house. Four preharvest sprays were applied as foliar applications with three different sources of Ca {calcium chloride [CaCl2], calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)(2)], and calcium propionate [Ca(C2H5COO)(2)]} at four concentrations (0, 60, 120, and 180 mg.L-1). Plant Ca concentration was unaffected by the different Ca sources. However, increased Ca concentration applied to the leaves enhanced plant accumulation of phosphorous and Ca in the plant, but decreased potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in the tissues. Plants that received Ca at 180 mg.L-1 had greater height and diameter than control plants. In a field trial with mature trees, preharvest applications of Ca (0, 4000, and 5400 mg.L-1) in the form of CaCl2 showed that increasing concentrations improved fruit Ca concentration, texture, and flavor; and decreased weight loss, Mg content, and apparent disease incidence of the fruit. SN 1063-0198 EI 1943-7714 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 4 BP 496 EP 504 UT WOS:000361422100011 ER PT J AU Blythe, EK Pounders, C Anderson, M Watts, E Watts, B AF Blythe, Eugene K. Pounders, Cecil Anderson, Michael Watts, Earl Watts, Barbara TI Survey of 575 Daylily Cultivars for Severity of Day lily Rust in a Southern Mississippi Landscape SO HORTTECHNOLOGY AB Daylily (Hemerocallis sp.) is a popular and widely planted herbaceous perennial in the landscape, with over 78,000 cultivars registered with the American Hemerocallis Society. Daylily performs well in full sun, heat, humidity, and periods of dry weather, and has generally been considered to be pest free. However, a rust disease (Puccinia hemerocallidis) was introduced in the United States on imported plants in 2000, quickly spreading to become a widespread problem on daylily in and beyond the southern United States. In Aug. 2013, 575 daylily cultivars (mostly newer hybrids) were surveyed for daylily rust in a large landscape planting that had not received any fungicide treatment during the 2013 growing season. Weather conditions during the growing season were favorable for daylily rust. Individual clumps were rated as 1 (no or little visual sign of infection), 2 (moderate infection), or 3 (severe infection). In this survey, 119 cultivars (21%) received a median rating of 1 or 1.5, 230 cultivars (40%) received a rating of 2, and 226 (39%) received a rating of 2.5 or 3. Most cultivars were represented by a single dump, and may thus be more susceptible to daylily rust than a single rating might indicate. Diploid cultivars were associated with lower daylily rust severity ratings than tetraploid cultivars. SN 1063-0198 EI 1943-7714 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 4 BP 551 EP 564 UT WOS:000361422100017 ER PT J AU Lukas, SB DeFrank, J Baldos, OC Sakamoto, GS AF Lukas, Scott B. DeFrank, Joseph Baldos, Orville C. Sakamoto, Glenn S. TI Response of Seashore Dropseed and Weed Species to the Preemergence Herbicide Oxadiazon Applied as a Component of a Hydromulch Cap SO HORTTECHNOLOGY AB In Hawaii, seashore dropseed (Sporobolus virginicus), a coastal native grass, has been identified as a useful species for roadside revegetation. Cuttings of seashore dropseed covered with a hydromulch cap, irrigated, and managed to control weeds have greater establishment success. In this study, the efficacy and phytotmdcity of the preemergence herbicide oxadiazon applied as a component of the hydromulch cap over seashore dropseed cut stems was evaluated. Oxadiazon in two formulations, granule and suspension concentrate (SC), was applied at two rates of 2.0 and 4.0 lb/acre, resulting in four chemical treatments. Seashore dropseed response was recorded as numerical counts of new shoots, aboveground biomass, and percent visual coverage. The highest new shoot counts of seashore dropseed, aboveground biomass, and visual canopy coverage were recorded in plots treated with the granular (G) formulation of oxadiazon applied at 2.0 lb/acre. All hydromulch cap treatments containing herbicides reduced weed pressure compared with the untreated control treatment. Granular oxadiazon at 2.0 lb/acre in the hydromulch cap provided commercially acceptable weed control while maintaining high levels of rooting and plant vigor during the establishment period. SN 1063-0198 EI 1943-7714 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 4 BP 565 EP 568 UT WOS:000361422100018 ER PT J AU Huang, JX Ma, HY Su, W Zhang, XD Huang, YB Fan, JL Wu, WB AF Huang, Jianxi Ma, Hongyuan Su, Wei Zhang, Xiaodong Huang, Yanbo Fan, Jinlong Wu, Wenbin TI Jointly Assimilating MODIS LAI and ET Products Into the SWAP Model for Winter Wheat Yield Estimation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING AB Leaf area index (LAI) and evapotranspiration (ET) are two crucial biophysical variables related to crop growth and grain yield. This study presents a crop model-data assimilation framework to assimilate the 1-km moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI and ET products (MCD15A3 and MOD16A2, respectively) into the soil water atmosphere plant (SWAP) model to assess the potential for estimating winter wheat yield at field and regional scales. Since the 1-km MODIS products generally underestimate LAI or ET values in fragmented agricultural landscapes due to scale effects and intrapixel heterogeneity, we constructed a new cost function by comparing the generalized vector angle between the observed and modeled LAI and ET time series during the growing season. We selected three parameters (irrigation date, irrigation depth, and emergence date) as the reinitialized parameters to be optimized by minimizing the cost function using the shuffled complex evolution method-University of Arizona (SCE-UA) optimization algorithm, and then used the optimized parameters as inputs into the SWAP model for winter wheat yield estimation. We used four data-assimilation schemes to estimate winter wheat yield at field and regional scales. We found that jointly assimilating MODIS LAI and ET data improved accuracy (R-2 = 0.43, RMSE = 619 kg . ha(-1)) than assimilating MODIS LAI data (R-2 = 0.28, RMSE = 889 kg . ha(-1)) or ET data (R-2 = 0.36, RMSE = 1561 kg . ha(-1)) at the county level, which indicates that the proposed estimation method is reliable and applicable at a county scale. OI Huang, Jianxi/0000-0003-0341-1983 SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 4060 EP 4071 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2403135 UT WOS:000361339200028 ER PT J AU Wang, L Chen, J AF Wang, Lei Chen, Jian TI Fatty Amines from Little Black Ants, Monomorium minimum, and Their Biological Activities Against Red Imported Fire Ants, Solenopsis invicta SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY AB Red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta, are significant invasive pests. Certain native ant species can compete with S. invicta, such as the little black ant, Monomorium minimum. Defensive secretions may contribute to the competition capacity of native ants. The chemistry of ant defensive secretions in the genus Monomorium has been subjected to extensive research. The insecticidal alkaloids, 2,5-dialkyl-pyrrolidines and 2,5-dialkyl-pyrrolines have been reported to dominate the venom of M. minimum. In this study, analysis of defensive secretions of workers and queens of M. minimum revealed two primary amines, decylamine and dodecylamine. Neither amine has been reported previously from natural sources. Toxicity and digging suppression by these two amines against S. invicta were examined. Decylamine had higher toxicity to S. invicta workers than dodecylamine, a quicker knockdown effect, and suppressed the digging behavior of S. invicta workers at lower concentration. However, the amount of fatty amines in an individual ant was not enough to knockdown a fire ant or suppress its digging behavior. These amines most likely work in concert with other components in the chemical defense of M. minimum. SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 41 IS 8 BP 708 EP 715 DI 10.1007/s10886-015-0609-3 UT WOS:000361467500003 PM 26254063 ER PT J AU Sacco, RE Durbin, RK Durbin, JE AF Sacco, Randy E. Durbin, Russell K. Durbin, Joan E. TI Animal models of respiratory syncytial virus infection and disease SO CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY AB The study of human respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis and immunity has been hampered by its exquisite host specificity, and the difficulties encountered in adapting this virus to a nnurine host. The reasons for this obstacle are not well understood, but appear to reflect, at least in part, the inability of the virus to block the interferon response in any but the human host. This review addresses some of the issues encountered in mouse models of respiratory syncytial virus infection, and describes the advantages and disadvantages of alternative model systems. SN 1879-6257 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 13 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.06.003 UT WOS:000361074300020 PM 26176495 ER PT J AU Kim, N Oh, J Kim, B Choi, EK Hwang, US Staub, JE Chung, SM Park, Y AF Kim, Nahui Oh, Juyeol Kim, Bichseam Choi, Eung Kyu Hwang, Un Sun Staub, Jack E. Chung, Sang-Min Park, Younghoon TI The CmACS-7 gene provides sequence variation for development of DNA markers associated with monoecious sex expression in melon (Cucumis melo L.) SO HORTICULTURE ENVIRONMENT AND BIOTECHNOLOGY AB Most melon (Cucumis melo L.) breeding lines in South Korea display andromonoecious sex expression, which necessitates laborious hand emasculation during F-1 hybrid seed production. Thus, there is a need to develop monoecious sex types in elite germplasm to obviate self-pollination. Sex expression is associated with floral ethylene production, which, in monecious melon plants, is associated with the A locus. Our study was conducted to develop molecular markers for selection of monoecious plants based on sequence variation inherent in the CmACS-7 gene [encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS)] that is associated with ethylene production. Full-length CmACS-7 sequences were cloned from a monoecious (MO23) and an andromonoecious (AM24) line. The alignment of those CmACS-7 sequences revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; C170T) in exon 1 and an 18 bp indel in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of between MO23 and AM24, which was then used to develop a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) (EX1-C170T) and a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker (T1ex), respectively. The sex expression and the T1ex SCAR-based genotype of 442 F-2 plants derived from a MO23 x AM24 cross was determined. Monoecy and andromonoecy segregated in a 3:1 ratio in F-2 progeny, where the sex type of 429 plants (13 plants not classified) co-segregated with the SCAR marker, demonstrating that sex expression regulated by CmACS-7 is controlled by a single dominant gene and that it confers monoecy in line MO23. Allelic variation in 112 geographically diverse melon lines for CmACS-7 as accessed by CAPS EX1-C170T and SCAR T1ex markers indicated that the: 1) exon 1 of CmACS-7 is highly conserved and the SNP/sex expression association detected is highly predictable making it potentially useful for marker-based selection of monoecious plants, and; 2) 18 bp indel mutation in the 3'-UTR was present in various lengths depending on different monoecious melon germplasm. SN 2211-3452 EI 2211-3460 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 56 IS 4 BP 535 EP 545 DI 10.1007/s13580-015-0024-2 UT WOS:000361073100015 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Waters, WR AF Palmer, M. V. Thacker, T. C. Waters, W. R. TI Analysis of Cytokine Gene Expression using a Novel Chromogenic In-situ Hybridization Method in Pulmonary Granulomas of Cattle Infected Experimentally by Aerosolized Mycobacterium bovis SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY AB Mycobacterium bovis is the cause of tuberculosis in most animal species including cattle and is a serious zoonotic pathogen. In man, M. bovis infection can result in disease clinically indistinguishable from that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of most human tuberculosis. Regardless of host, the typical lesion induced by M. bovis or M. tuberculosis is the tuberculoid granuloma. Tuberculoid granulomas are dynamic structures reflecting the interface between host and pathogen and, therefore, pass through various morphological stages (I to IV). Using a novel in-situ hybridization assay, transcription of various cytokine and chemokine genes was examined qualitatively and quantitatively using image analysis. In experimentally infected cattle, pulmonary granulomas of all stages were examined 150 days after aerosol exposure to M. bovis. Expression of mRNA encoding tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-16, IL-10, CXCL9 and CXCL10 did not differ significantly between granulomas of different stages. However, relative expression of the various cytokines was characteristic of a Th1 response, with high TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma expression and low IL-10 expression. Expression of IL-16 and the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 was high, suggestive of granulomas actively involved in T-cell chemotaxis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.orgflicenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). SN 0021-9975 EI 1532-3129 PD AUG-OCT PY 2015 VL 153 IS 2-3 BP 150 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.06.004 UT WOS:000360950300010 PM 26189773 ER PT J AU Medrano, EG Bell, AA Greene, JK Roberts, PM Bacheler, JS Marois, JJ Wright, DL Esquivel, JF Nichols, RL Duke, S AF Medrano, Enrique G. Bell, Alois A. Greene, Jeremy K. Roberts, Phillip M. Bacheler, Jack S. Marois, James J. Wright, David L. Esquivel, Jesus F. Nichols, Robert L. Duke, Sara TI Relationship Between Piercing-Sucking Insect Control and Internal Lint and Seed Rot in Southeastern Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB In 1999, crop consultants scouting for stink bugs (Hemiptera spp.) in South Carolina discovered a formerly unobserved seed rot of cotton that caused yield losses ranging from 10 to 15% in certain fields. The disease has subsequently been reported in fields throughout the southeastern Cotton Belt. Externally, diseased bolls appeared undamaged; internally, green fruit contain pink to dark brown, damp, deformed lint, and necrotic seeds. In greenhouse experiments, we demonstrated transmission of the opportunistic bacterium Pantoea agglomerans by the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.). Here, green bolls were sampled from stink bug management plots (insecticide protected or nontreated) from four South Atlantic coast states (North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida) to determine disease incidence in the field and its association with piercing-sucking insects feeding. A logistic regression analysis of the boll damage data revealed that disease was 24 times more likely to occur (P = 0.004) in bolls collected from plots in Florida, where evidence of pest pressure was highest, than in bolls harvested in NC with the lowest detected insect pressure. Fruit from plots treated with insecticide, a treatment which reduced transmission agent numbers, were 4 times less likely to be diseased than bolls from unprotected sites (P = 0.002). Overall, punctured bolls were 125 times more likely to also have disease symptoms than nonpunctured bolls, irrespective of whether or not plots were protected with insecticides (P = 0.0001). Much of the damage to cotton bolls that is commonly attributed to stink bug feeding is likely the resulting effect of vectored pathogens. SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1540 EP 1544 DI 10.1093/jee/tov156 UT WOS:000360626600010 PM 26470293 ER PT J AU Behle, RW Richmond, DS Jackson, MA Dunlap, CA AF Behle, Robert W. Richmond, Douglas S. Jackson, Mark A. Dunlap, Christopher A. TI Evaluation of Metarhizium brunneum F52 (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) for Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae in Turfgrass SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB Experimental and commercial preparations of Metarhizium brunneum (Petch) strain F52 were evaluated for control of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarbaeidae), larvae (white grubs) in the laboratory and under field conditions. Experimental preparations consisted of granule and liquid formulations made using in vitro produced microsclerotia, which are intended to produce infective conidial spores after application. These formulations were compared against commercial insecticides (imidacloprid and trichlorfon), and commercial formulations of M. brunneum F52 (Met 52) containing only conidia. Field-collected grubs were susceptible to infection in a dosage-dependent relationship when exposed to potting soil treated with experimental microsclerotia granules in the laboratory. The LC50 for field-collected larvae was 14.2 mg of granules per cup (similar to 15 g granules/m(2)). Field plots treated with experimental and commercial formulations of M. brunneum F52 after 10 September (targeting second and third instar grubs) had significantly lower grub densities compared with untreated plots, providing 38.6-69.2% control, which sometimes equaled levels of control with chemical insecticides. Fungal treatments made prior to 21 August provided 14.3-69.3% control, although grub densities resulting from these treatments were often not significantly lower than those in untreated control plots. By comparison, chemical insecticide treatments provide 68-100% grub control, often providing better control when applied earlier in the season. In conclusion, P. japonica larvae are susceptible to infection by M. brunneum, and grub densities were reduced most consistently by fall applications targeting later instars. SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1587 EP 1595 DI 10.1093/jee/tov176 UT WOS:000360626600016 PM 26470299 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Souder, SK Nkomo, E Cook, PJ Mackey, B Stark, JD AF Vargas, Roger I. Souder, Steven K. Nkomo, Eddie Cook, Peter J. Mackey, Bruce Stark, John D. TI Weathering and Chemical Degradation of Methyl Eugenol and Raspberry Ketone Solid Dispensers for Detection, Monitoring, and Male Annihilation of Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB Solid male lure dispensers containing methyl eugenol (ME) and raspberry ketone (RK), or mixtures of the lures (ME+RK), and dimethyl dichloro-vinyl phosphate (DDVP) were evaluated in area-wide pest management bucket or Jackson traps in commercial papaya (Carica papaya L.) orchards where both oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), are pests. Captures of B. dorsalis with fresh wafers in Jackson and bucket traps were significantly higher on the basis of ME concentration (Mallet ME [56%] > Mallet MR [31.2%] > Mallet MC [23.1%]). Captures of B. cucurbitae with fresh wafers in Jackson and bucket traps were not different regardless of concentration of RK (Mallet BR [20.1%] = Mallet MR [18.3%] = Mallet MC [15.9%]). Captures of B. dorsalis with fresh wafers, compared with weathered wafers, were significantly different after week 12; captures of B. cucurbitae were not significantly different after 16 wk. Chemical analyses revealed presence of RK in dispensers in constant amounts throughout the 16-wk trial. Degradation of both ME and DDVP over time was predicted with a high level of confidence by nonlinear asymptotic exponential decay curves. Results provide supportive data to deploy solid ME and RK wafers (with DDVP) in fruit fly traps for detection programs, as is the current practice with solid TML dispensers placed in Jackson traps. Wafers with ME and RK might be used in place of two separate traps for detection of both ME and RK responding fruit flies and could potentially reduce cost of materials and labor by 50%. SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1612 EP 1623 DI 10.1093/jee/tov137 UT WOS:000360626600018 PM 26470301 ER PT J AU Liu, SS Liu, YB Simmons, GS AF Liu, Samuel S. Liu, Yong-Biao Simmons, Gregory S. TI Oxygenated Phosphine Fumigation for Control of Light Brown Apple Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Eggs on Cut-Flowers SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB Light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), eggs were subjected to oxygenated phosphine fumigation treatments under 70% oxygen on cut flowers to determine efficacy and safety. Five cut flower species: roses, lilies, tulips, gerbera daisy, and pompon chrysanthemums, were fumigated in separate groups with 2,500 ppm phosphine for 72 h at 5 degrees C. Egg mortality and postharvest quality of cut flowers were determined after fumigation. Egg mortalities of 99.7-100% were achieved among the cut flower species. The treatment was safe to all cut flowers except gerbera daisy. A 96-h fumigation treatment with 2,200 ppm phosphine of eggs on chrysanthemums cut flowers also did not achieve complete control of light brown apple moth eggs. A simulation of fumigation in hermetically sealed fumigation chambers with gerbera daisy showed significant accumulations of carbon dioxide and ethylene by the end of 72-h sealing. However, oxygenated phosphine fumigations with carbon dioxide and ethylene absorbents did not reduce the injury to gerbera daisy, indicating that it is likely that phosphine may directly cause the injury to gerbera daisy cut flowers. The study demonstrated that oxygenated phosphine fumigation is effective against light brown apple moth eggs. However, it may not be able to achieve the probit9 quarantine level of control and the treatment was safe to most of the cut flower species. SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1630 EP 1636 DI 10.1093/jee/tov158 UT WOS:000360626600020 PM 26470303 ER PT J AU Morrison, WR Cullum, JP Leskey, TC AF Morrison, William R., III Cullum, John P. Leskey, Tracy C. TI Evaluation of Trap Designs and Deployment Strategies for Capturing Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB Halyomorpha halys (Stal) is an invasive pest that attacks numerous crops. For growers to make informed management decisions against H. halys, an effective monitoring tool must be in place. We evaluated various trap designs baited with the two-component aggregation pheromone of H. halys and synergist and deployed in commercial apple orchards. We compared our current experimental standard trap, a black plywood pyramid trap 1.22 m in height deployed between border row apple trees with other trap designs for two growing seasons. These included a black lightweight coroplast pyramid trap of similar dimension, a smaller (29 cm) pyramid trap also ground deployed, a smaller limb-attached pyramid trap, a smaller pyramid trap hanging from a horizontal branch, and a semipyramid design known as the Rescue trap. We found that the coroplast pyramid was the most sensitive, capturing more adults than all other trap designs including our experimental standard. Smaller pyramid traps performed equally in adult captures to our experimental standard, though nymphal captures were statistically lower for the hanging traps. Experimental standard plywood and coroplast pyramid trap correlations were strong, suggesting that standard plywood pyramid traps could be replaced with lighter, cheaper coroplast pyramid traps. Strong correlations with small ground-and limb-deployed pyramid traps also suggest that these designs offer promise as well. Growers may be able to adopt alternative trap designs that are cheaper, lighter, and easier to deploy to monitor H. halys in orchards without a significant loss in sensitivity. OI Morrison, William/0000-0002-1663-8741 SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1683 EP 1692 DI 10.1093/jee/tov159 UT WOS:000360626600026 PM 26470309 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Neven, LG Zhu, HY Zhang, RZ AF Kumar, Sunil Neven, Lisa G. Zhu, Hongyu Zhang, Runzhi TI Assessing the Global Risk of Establishment of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) using CLIMEX and MaxEnt Niche Models SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB Accurate assessment of insect pest establishment risk is needed by national plant protection organizations to negotiate international trade of horticultural commodities that can potentially carry the pests and result in inadvertent introductions in the importing countries. We used mechanistic and correlative niche models to quantify and map the global patterns of the potential for establishment of codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), a major pest of apples, peaches, pears, and other pome and stone fruits, and a quarantine pest in countries where it currently does not occur. The mechanistic model CLIMEX was calibrated using species-specific physiological tolerance thresholds, whereas the correlative model MaxEnt used species occurrences and climatic spatial data. Projected potential distribution from both models conformed well to the current known distribution of codling moth. None of the models predicted suitable environmental conditions in countries located between 20 degrees N and 20 degrees S potentially because of shorter photoperiod, and lack of chilling requirement (<60 d at <= 10 degrees C) in these areas for codling moth to break diapause. Models predicted suitable conditions in South Korea and Japan where codling moth currently does not occur but where its preferred host species (i.e., apple) is present. Average annual temperature and latitude were the main environmental variables associated with codling moth distribution at global level. The predictive models developed in this study present the global risk of establishment of codling moth, and can be used for monitoring potential introductions of codling moth in different countries and by policy makers and trade negotiators in making science-based decisions. RI Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009 SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1708 EP 1719 DI 10.1093/jee/tov166 UT WOS:000360626600029 PM 26470312 ER PT J AU Prasifka, JR Rinehart, JP Yocum, GD AF Prasifka, Jarrad R. Rinehart, Joseph P. Yocum, George D. TI Nonconstant Thermal Regimes Enhance Overwintering Success and Accelerate Diapause Development for Smicronyx fulvus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB Recent populations of the red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), have been inconsistent or declining, particularly in North Dakota. Consequently, research on weevil biology, including development of resistant germplasm, has been limited. To determine whether cold storage of diapausing larvae could be improved, nonconstant temperature treatments (fluctuating thermal regime [FTR] and thermoperiod [TP]) were tested versus a constant 6 degrees C for storage up to 365 d. Both alternate temperature treatments produced more adult weevils than constant 6 degrees C for short (42, 91 d) storage, while all temperature treatments were good (>= 60% adult emergence) at moderate term (182 d) cold storage, and FTR was best for long (365 d) periods. Excluding the 14-d storage period, which produced too few weevils for comparison, each doubling of cold storage time (e.g., from 42 to 91 d, 91 to 182 d), usually decreased the number of days to 50% relative emergence by similar to 10 d. After 365 d of larval storage, emerged S. fulvus adults successfully infested sunflowers in a plant growth chamber, with damage per female similar to that observed in field trials. Compared with previous efforts to store weevil larvae, the method of collection and FTR storage is either more effective (greater adult emergence and reduced parasitism) or more time-efficient, and should permit year-round research using S. fulvus adults. Because successful emergence under FTR was >75% after 365 d, additional research would be required to determine the maximum effective duration of cold storage for S. fulvus. SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1804 EP 1809 DI 10.1093/jee/tov173 UT WOS:000360626600039 PM 26470322 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Crowe, CM Dodds, KJ Galligan, LD De Groot, P Hoebeke, ER Mayfield, AE Poland, TM Raffa, KF Sweeney, JD AF Miller, D. R. Crowe, C. M. Dodds, K. J. Galligan, L. D. De Groot, P. Hoebeke, E. R. Mayfield, A. E., III Poland, T. M. Raffa, K. F. Sweeney, J. D. TI Ipsenol, Ipsdienol, Ethanol, and alpha-Pinene: Trap Lure Blend for Cerambycidae and Buprestidae (Coleoptera) in Pine Forests of Eastern North America SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB In 2007-2008, we examined the flight responses of wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae and Buprestidae) to multiple-funnel traps baited with the pine volatiles, ethanol, and alpha-pinene [85% (-)], and the bark beetle pheromones, racemic ipsenol and racemic ipsdienol. Experiments were conducted in mature pine stands in Canada (Ontario and New Brunswick) and the United States (Arkansas, Florida, Michigan, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, and Wisconsin). At each location, traps were deployed in 10 replicate blocks of four traps per block. The trap treatments were: 1) blank control; 2) ipsenol and ipsdienol; 3) ethanol and alpha-pinene; and 4) a quaternary blend of ipsenol, ipsdienol, ethanol, and alpha-pinene. Traps baited with the quaternary blend caught the greatest numbers of Acanthocinus nodosus (F.), Acanthocinus obsoletus (Olivier), Acmaeops proteus (Kirby), Astylopsis sexguttata (Say), Rhagium inquisitor (L.) (Cerambycidae), and Buprestis lineata (F.) (Buprestidae). Traps baited with ethanol and alpha-pinene caught the greatest numbers of Arhopalus rusticus (LeConte), Asemum striatum (L.), Tetropium spp., Xylotrechus sagittatus (Germar) (Cerambycidae), and Buprestis maculipennis Gory (Buprestidae) with minimal interruption by ipsenol and ipsdienol. Our results suggest that multiple-funnel traps baited with the quaternary lure blend of ipsenol, ipsdienol, ethanol, and alpha-pinene are effective for trapping various species of wood-boring beetles in pine forests of eastern North America, and may have utility in detection programs for adventive species in North America and overseas. SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1837 EP 1851 DI 10.1093/jee/tov126 UT WOS:000360626600043 PM 26470326 ER PT J AU Sparks, AN Gadal, L Ni, X AF Sparks, A. N., Jr. Gadal, L. Ni, X. TI Efficacy of Silk Channel Injections with Insecticides for Management of Lepidoptera Pests of Sweet Corn SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB The primary Lepidoptera pests of sweet corn (Zea mays L. convar. saccharata) in Georgia are the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Management of these pests typically requires multiple insecticide applications from first silking until harvest, with commercial growers frequently spraying daily. This level of insecticide use presents problems for small growers, particularly for "pick-your-own" operations. Injection of oil into the corn ear silk channel 5-8 days after silking initiation has been used to suppress damage by these insects. Initial work with this technique in Georgia provided poor results. Subsequently, a series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of silk channel injections as an application methodology for insecticides. A single application of synthetic insecticide, at greatly reduced per acre rates compared with common foliar applications, provided excellent control of Lepidoptera insects attacking the ear tip and suppressed damage by sap beetles (Nitidulidae). While this methodology is labor-intensive, it requires a single application of insecticide at reduced rates applied similar to 2 wk prior to harvest, compared with potential daily applications at full rates up to the day of harvest with foliar insecticide applications. This methodology is not likely to eliminate the need for foliar applications because of other insect pests which do not enter through the silk channel or are not affected by the specific selective insecticide used in the silk channel injection, but would greatly reduce the number of applications required. This methodology may prove particularly useful for small acreage growers. SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1869 EP 1874 DI 10.1093/jee/tov113 UT WOS:000360626600046 PM 26470329 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DA Millan-Hernandez, C Cline, AR McElrath, TC Irish, B Goenaga, R AF Jenkins, David A. Millan-Hernandez, Christian Cline, Andrew R. McElrath, Thomas C. Irish, Brian Goenaga, Ricardo TI Attraction of Pollinators to Atemoya (Annona squamosa X Annona cherimola) in Puerto Rico Using Commercial Lures and Food Attractants SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB Atemoya is a hybrid between Annona squamosa L. and Annona cherimola Miller (Annonaceae) and has potential to be an important fruit crop in tropical and subtropical areas. A major impediment to fruit production is low fruit set due to inadequate pollinator visits, typically, by beetles in the family Nitidulidae. We used Universal moth traps to monitor the attractiveness of two commercially available Nitidulidae lures in combination with various food attractants, including raw bread dough, apple juice, and malta beverage, a soft drink by-product of the brewing process. The most commonly trapped beetles were, in order of decreasing frequency, Carpophilus dimidiatus (F.), Brachypeplus mutilatus Erichson, Urophorus humeralis (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), and Europs fervidus Blatchley (Coleoptera: Monotomidae). All traps, except the unbaited control traps, caught beetles. In a previous study, we found that combining two commercial lures had a synergistic effect on the attraction of these beetle species. In this study, the addition of food attractants increased the number of beetles trapped compared with traps baited with only the commercial lures. Also, food attractants appear to be key in attracting U. humeralis; only one U. humeralis individual of the 206 caught during the experiment was trapped without a food attractant. The variation between the number of beetles caught in traps containing the same treatments was high and may explain the erratic results reported in other studies of pollination in Annona spp. The results are discussed with respect to the use of nitidulid lures and food attractants to increase fruit set in atemoya and other Annonaceae. SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1923 EP 1929 DI 10.1093/jee/tov136 UT WOS:000360626600053 PM 26470336 ER PT J AU Reding, ME Ranger, CM Sampson, BJ Werle, CT Oliver, JB Schultz, PB AF Reding, Michael E. Ranger, Christopher M. Sampson, Blair J. Werle, Christopher T. Oliver, Jason B. Schultz, Peter B. TI Movement of Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Ornamental Nurseries and Surrounding Habitats SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB Some exotic ambrosia beetles are damaging pests in ornamental nurseries. Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) is the most problematic ambrosia beetle in Ohio nurseries. Movement of X. germanus in nurseries has not been characterized, and knowledge is lacking on whether infestations originate from within nurseries or surrounding habitats. Flight activity of X. germanus was monitored in nurseries and adjacent wooded areas to determine the source of beetles infesting nurseries, and characterize their movement within nurseries. Ethanol-baited bottle traps were positioned within wooded areas adjacent to commercial nurseries and within nurseries at various distances from the nursery woodlot interface. Flight activity of overwintered X. germanus occurred in wooded areas adjacent to nurseries before occurrence within nurseries. There was a direct relationship between degree-days and the distance from woodlots when X. germanus were first found in traps in spring, with earlier captures closest to wooded areas and latest ones furthest away into the nursery. X. germanus appeared to move into nurseries from adjacent wooded areas, with numbers trapped within nurseries decreasing with distance away from wooded areas. Trees in the interior of nurseries would appear to be subjected to less attack pressure than trees near the nursery border. Intercepting beetles as they move into nurseries might be an effective strategy to reduce attack pressure on valuable trees. SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1947 EP 1953 DI 10.1093/jee/tov174 UT WOS:000360626600056 PM 26470339 ER PT J AU Ramm, C Wayadande, A Baird, L Nandakumar, R Madayiputhiya, N Amundsen, K Donze-Reiner, T Baxendale, F Sarath, G Heng-Moss, T AF Ramm, Crystal Wayadande, Astri Baird, Lisa Nandakumar, Renu Madayiputhiya, Nandakumar Amundsen, Keenan Donze-Reiner, Teresa Baxendale, Frederick Sarath, Gautam Heng-Moss, Tiffany TI Morphology and Proteome Characterization of the Salivary Glands of the Western Chinch Bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB The western chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber, is a serious pest of buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nuttall) due to physical and chemical damage caused during the feeding process. Although previous work has investigated the feeding behaviors of chinch bugs in the Blissus complex, no study to date has explored salivary gland morphology and the associated salivary complex of this insect. Whole and sectioned B. occiduus salivary glands were visualized using light and scanning electron microscopy to determine overall structure and cell types of the salivary glands and their individual lobes. Microscopy revealed a pair of trilobed principal glands and a pair of tubular accessory glands of differing cellular types. To link structure with function, the salivary gland proteome was characterized using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The salivary proteome analysis resulted in B. occiduus sequences matching 228 nonhomologous protein sequences of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), with many specific to the proteins present in the salivary proteome of A. pisum. A number of sequences were assigned the molecular function of hydrolase and oxido-reductase activity, with one specific protein sequence revealing a peroxidase-like function. This is the first study to characterize the salivary proteome of B. occiduus and the first of any species in the family Blissidae. SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 2055 EP 2064 DI 10.1093/jee/tov149 UT WOS:000360626600070 PM 26470353 ER PT J AU Epsky, ND Gill, MA Mangan, RL AF Epsky, Nancy D. Gill, Micah A. Mangan, Robert L. TI Grape Juice as a Bait for Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB In field tests conducted in south Florida to test grape juice as a bait for the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa Loew, high numbers of Zaprionus indianus Gupta were captured in traps with aqueous grape juice. These experiments included comparisons of grape juice bait with established A. suspensa protein-based baits (ammonium acetate + putrescine lures, or torula yeast) or wine, a bait found previously to be attractive to Z. indianus. Effects of different preservatives (polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, proxel, or sodium tetraborate) and bait age were also tested. Traps with grape juice baits captured more A. suspensa than unbaited traps, but more were captured in traps with grape juice plus preservative baits and the highest numbers were captured in traps containing the established protein-based baits. In contrast, grape juice baits without preservative that were prepared on the day of deployment (0 d) or that were aged for 3-4 d in the laboratory captured the highest numbers of Z. indianus, while solutions that were aged in the laboratory for 6 or 9 d captured fewer. Although these studies found that aqueous grape juice is a poor bait for A. suspensa, we found that actively fermenting aqueous grape juice may be an effective bait for Z. indianus. SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 108 IS 4 BP 2065 EP 2073 DI 10.1093/jee/tov138 UT WOS:000360626600071 PM 26470354 ER PT J AU Schumacher, TL Burrows, TL Thompson, DI Spratt, NJ Callister, R Collins, CE AF Schumacher, Tracy L. Burrows, Tracy L. Thompson, Deborah I. Spratt, Neil J. Callister, Robin Collins, Clare E. TI Feasibility of Recruiting Families into a Heart Disease Prevention Program Based on Dietary Patterns SO NUTRIENTS AB Offspring of parents with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) inherit a similar genetic profile and share diet and lifestyle behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of recruiting families at risk of CVD to a dietary prevention program, determine the changes in diet achieved, and program acceptability. Families were recruited into a pilot parallel group randomized controlled trial consisting of a three month evidence-based dietary intervention, based on the Mediterranean and Portfolio diets. Feasibility was assessed by recruitment and retention rates, change in diet by food frequency questionnaire, and program acceptability by qualitative interviews and program evaluation. Twenty one families were enrolled over 16 months, with fourteen families (n = 42 individuals) completing the study. Post-program dietary changes in the intervention group included small daily increases in vegetable serves (0.8 +/- 1.3) and reduced usage of full-fat milk (-21%), cheese (-12%) and meat products (-17%). Qualitative interviews highlighted beneficial changes in food purchasing habits. Future studies need more effective methods of recruitment to engage families in the intervention. Once engaged, families made small incremental improvements in their diets. Evaluation indicated that feedback on diet and CVD risk factors, dietetic counselling and the resources provided were appropriate for a program of this type. OI Spratt, Neil/0000-0002-9023-6177 SN 2072-6643 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 7042 EP 7057 DI 10.3390/nu7085323 UT WOS:000360587500054 PM 26308048 ER PT J AU Paul, C Frederick, RD Hill, CB Hartman, GL Walker, DR AF Paul, C. Frederick, R. D. Hill, C. B. Hartman, G. L. Walker, D. R. TI Comparison of Pathogenic Variation among Phakopsora pachyrhizi Isolates Collected from the United States and International Locations, and Identification of Soybean Genotypes Resistant to the US Isolates SO PLANT DISEASE AB A major constraint in breeding for resistance to soybean rust has been the virulence diversity in Phakopsora pachyrhizi populations. In greenhouse experiments, reactions of 18 soybean genotypes to 24 U.S. isolates from 2007 and 2008 and 4 foreign isolates were compared. Reactions of four differentials (Rpp1 to Rpp4) to these U.S. isolates were also compared with reactions to nine foreign isolates and three U.S. isolates from 2004. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the reaction types grouped the U.S. isolates into a single virulence group, whereas each of the foreign isolates had a unique virulence pattern. In another experiment, reactions of 11 differentials to the 24 U.S. isolates were compared and significant interactions (P < 0.001) were found between the isolates and host genotypes for rust severity and uredinia densities. PCA of these two measures of disease placed the 24 isolates into seven or six aggressiveness groups, respectively. In a third experiment, evaluation of 20 soybean genotypes for resistance to the previously established aggressive groups identified 10 genotypes resistant to isolates representing most of the groups. This study confirmed the pathogenic diversity in P. pachyrhizi populations and identified soybean germplasm with resistance to representative U.S. isolates that can be used in breeding. SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1059 EP 1069 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-14-0989-RE UT WOS:000360866300002 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Dally, EL Zhao, Y Lee, IM Wei, W Wolf, TK Beanland, L LeDoux, DG Johnson, DA Fiola, JA Walter-Peterson, H Dami, I Chien, M AF Davis, Robert E. Dally, Ellen L. Zhao, Yan Lee, Ing-Ming Wei, Wei Wolf, Tony K. Beanland, LeAnn LeDoux, Douglas G. Johnson, David A. Fiola, Joseph A. Walter-Peterson, Hans Dami, Imed Chien, Mark TI Unraveling the Etiology of North American Grapevine Yellows (NAGY): Novel NAGY Phytoplasma Sequevars Related to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni' SO PLANT DISEASE AB North American grapevine yellows (NAGY) disease has sometimes been attributed to infection of Vitis vinifera L. by Prunus X-disease phytoplasma ('Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni') but this attribution may not be fully adequate. In this study, phytoplasma strains related to 'Ca. Phytoplasma pruni' were found in NAGY-diseased grapevines in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Missouri, and New York State. Based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) sequences, the strains (termed NAGYIII strains) were classified in group 16SrIII (X-disease group) but they contained a recognition site for the restriction endonuclease MseI that is not present in the 16S rDNA of 'Ca. Phytoplasma pruni'. The 16S rDNA of the strains differed by three or four nucleotides from that of 'Ca. Phytoplasma pruni', indicating that they belonged to two novel 16S rDNA sequevars, designated NAGYIII alpha and NAGYIII beta. Both sequevars differed from 'Ca. Phytoplasma pruni' by a single base in each of three regions corresponding to species-unique (signature) sequences described for 'Ca. Phytoplasma pruni'. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA genes and SecY proteins, and single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses of secY and ribosomal protein genes, further distinguished the two grapevine sequevar lineages from one another and from 'Ca. Phytoplasma pruni'. The NAGYIII alpha and NAGYIII beta sequevars also differed from 'Ca. Phytoplasma pruni' in regions of the folded SecY protein that are predicted to be near or exposed at the outer surface of the phytoplasma membrane. No evidence indicated that diseased grapevines contained any phytoplasma strain conforming to 'Ca. Phytoplasma pruni' sensu strict. Because the NAGYIII sequevars have not been reported in X-disease, a question is raised as to whether NAGYIII and Prunus X-disease are caused by different phytoplasma genotypes. SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1087 EP 1097 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-14-1185-RE UT WOS:000360866300005 ER PT J AU Bock, CH El Jarroudi, M Kouadio, LA Mackels, C Chiang, KS Delfosse, P AF Bock, C. H. El Jarroudi, M. Kouadio, L. A. Mackels, C. Chiang, K. -S. Delfosse, P. TI Disease Severity Estimates-Effects of Rater Accuracy and Assessment Methods for Comparing Treatments SO PLANT DISEASE AB Assessment of disease severity is required for several purposes in plant pathology; most often, the estimates are made visually. It is established that visual estimates can be inaccurate and unreliable. The ramifications of biased or imprecise estimates by raters have not been fully explored using empirical data, partly because of the logistical difficulties involved in different raters assessing the same leaves for which actual disease has been measured in a replicated experiment with multiple treatments. In this study, nearest percent estimates (NPEs) of Septoria leaf blotch (SLB) on leaves of winter wheat from nontreated and fungicide-treated plots were assessed in both 2006 and 2007 by four raters and compared with assumed actual values measured using image analysis. Lin's concordance correlation (LCC, rho(c),) was used to assess agreement between the two approaches. NPEs were converted to Horsfall-Barratt (BB) midpoints and were compared with actual values. The estimates of SLB severity from fungicide-treated and nontreated plots were analyzed using generalized linear mixed modeling to ascertain effects of rater using both the NPE and HB values. Rater 1 showed good accuracy (rho(c) = 0.986 to 0.999), while raters 3 and 4 were less accurate (rho(c) = 0.205 to 0.936). Conversion to the HB scale had little effect on bias but reduced numerically both precision and accuracy for most raters on most assessment dates (precision, r = -0.001 to -0.132; and accuracy, pc = -0.003 to -0.468). Interrater reliability was also reduced slightly by conversion of estimates to HB midpoint values. Estimates of mean SLB severity were significantly different between image analysis and raters 2, 3, and 4, and there were frequently significant differences among raters (F= 151 to 1,260, P = 0.001 to P < 0.0001). Only on 26 June 2007 did conversion to the BB scale change the means separation ranking of rater estimates. Nonetheless, image analysis and all raters were able to differentiate control and treated-plot treatments (F = 116 to 1,952, P = 0.002 to P < 0.0001, depending on date and rater). Conversion of NPEs to the HB scale tended to reduce F values slightly (2006: NPEs, F = 116 to 276, P = 0.002 to 0.0005; and, for the BB-converted values, F = 101 to 270, P = 0.002 to 0.0005; 2007: NPEs, F = 164 to 1,952, P = 0.001 to P < 0.0001; and, for HB-converted values, F= 126 to 1,633, P = 0.002 to P < 0.0001). The results reaffirm the need for accurate and reliable disease assessment to minimize over- or underestimates compared with actual disease, and the data we present support the view that, where multiple raters are deployed, they should be assigned in a manner to reduce any potential effect of rater differences on the analysis. RI Kouadio, Louis/A-3099-2014 OI Kouadio, Louis/0000-0001-9669-7807 SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1104 EP 1112 UT WOS:000360866300007 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Zhao, SL Chen, XM Wang, ZY Wang, L Yao, JN Chen, W Huang, LL Kang, ZS AF Zhao, Jie Zhao, Shilei Chen, Xianming Wang, Zhiyan Wang, Long Yao, Juanni Chen, Wen Huang, Lili Kang, Zhensheng TI Determination of the Role of Berberis spp. in Wheat Stem Rust in China SO PLANT DISEASE AB Previous studies on the relationship of barberry (Berberis spp.) and wheat stem rust suggested that, although some barberry species can serve as alternate hosts for the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, barberry plants play no role in wheat stem rust development and virulence variation of P. graminis f. sp. tritici in China. In the present study, severe rust infections on Berberis shensiana, B. brachypoda, B. potaninii, B. soulieana, and B. aggregata were observed during field surveys in 2011 and 2012. Through artificial inoculation of wheat seedlings ('Mingxian 169') under greenhouse conditions with aeciospores from naturally infected barberry plants, 185 isolates of P. graminis f. sp. tritici were obtained. From the 27 selected isolates that were tested on a set of wheat genotypes used to differentiate P. graminis f. sp. tritici races in China, 18 races were identified, of which 8 races were new and others were of Chinese 21 and 34 race groups. In addition to the information of virulence or avirulence patterns on the Chinese differentials, none of the races were virulent to resistance gene Sr31. The virulence frequencies based on individual Sr genes or differentials ranged from 0 to 96%. Using molecular markers for P. graminis f. sp. tritici, 75 of 4,036 samples of single aecia were identified as P. graminis f. sp. tritici. The low detectable rate of P. graminis f. sp. tritici was verified based on both infection and molecular marker tests. This observation may be correlated with the low levels of wheat stem lust in the surveyed regions. This study shows that P. graminis f. sp. tritici can produce new races through sexual reproduction on Berberis spp. in China. SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1113 EP 1117 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-14-0928-RE UT WOS:000360866300008 ER PT J AU Sauer, AV Zanutto, CA Nocchi, PTR Machado, MA Bock, CH Nunes, WMC AF Sauer, Aline Vanessa Zanutto, Carlos Alexandre Requena Nocchi, Paula Thais Machado, Marcos Antonio Bock, Clive H. Nunes, William M. C. TI Seasonal Variation in Populations of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in Citrus Trees in Parana State, Brazil SO PLANT DISEASE AB Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered one of the most destructive diseases of citrus because the plants rapidly become unproductive, enter a decline, and eventually die. HLB is caused by the phloem-limited bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter' spp. The objective of this study was to evaluate seasonal variation of the in planta population of 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' in the foliage of citrus trees in Brazil using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Eleven plants (naturally infected, then screened) in the field with very mild and localized symptoms of HLB were confirmed to be 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infected by conventional PCR, and the canopies were divided into four quadrants. The bacterial population in the trees was tested on a monthly basis for up to 20 months by quantifying 'Ca. L. asiaticus' DNA using qPCR 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-specific primers (As84F/As180R). The average cycle threshold (C-t) values, which relate to 'Ca. L. asiaticus' titer, were analyzed using a mixed model. Significant differences were observed in C-t, values between seasons (F = 8.77, P = 0.0004), and abrupt changes were observed in Ct values in different quadrants of the trees. Autumn had the lowest C-t, values, indicating the highest 'Ca. L. asiaticus' titer, and, thus, is considered the best period to detect 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection in foliage of citrus trees in southern Brazil. In addition to the seasonal changes in C-t, values, there was an initial decline in the Ct value in the months following initial detection, the rate of decline slowing with time. Concomitant with the increase of the bacterial population in the host, there was an increase in severity of HLB symptoms in the trees over time (Spearman's rank correlation, r = -0.4083, P < 0.0001). The results identify the optimal season to sample foliage for 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in southern Brazil (autumn) and confirm the importance of sample timing to maximize detection of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' and, thus, contribute to the search for effective measures to manage HLB. SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1125 EP 1132 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-14-0926-RE UT WOS:000360866300010 ER PT J AU Alloatti, J Li, SX Chen, PY Jaureguy, L Smith, SF Florez-Palacios, L Orazaly, M Rupe, J AF Alloatti, Julieta Li, Shuxian Chen, Pengyin Jaureguy, Luciano Smith, S. Faye Florez-Palacios, Liliana Orazaly, Moldir Rupe, John TI Screening a Diverse Soybean Germplasm Collection for Reaction to Purple Seed Stain Caused by Cercospora kikuchii SO PLANT DISEASE AB Purple seed stain (PSS), caused by Cercospora kikuchii, is a prevalent soybean disease that causes latent seed infection, seed decay, purple seed discoloration, and overall quality deterioration. The objective of this research was to screen soybean accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection for resistance to PSS. In total, 123 plant introductions (PI) from 28 different countries, representing maturity groups (MG) III, IV, and V, were screened. Incidence of Cercospora leaf blight (% CLB), visual PSS (% PSS), and seed infected by C. kikuchii (% C. kikuchii) in harvested seed were determined. In 2007, % C. kikuchii was 2 to 51% for MG III, 2 to 35% for MG IV, and 0 to 33% for MG V. In 2008, % C. kikuchii was 0 to 45% for MG III, 1 to 71% for MG IV, and 0 to 15% for MG V. In total, four and ten PI from MG III and IV, respectively, were identified as resistant to PSS in both years. Highly positive correlations were found for inoculated versus noninoculated treatments and for % PSS versus % C. kikuchii infection. The PSS-resistant PI identified in this study will be valuable to breeders in developing resistant cultivars. SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1140 EP 1146 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-14-0878-RE UT WOS:000360866300012 ER PT J AU Donner, M Lichtemberg, PSF Doster, M Picot, A Cotty, PJ Puckett, RD Michailides, TJ AF Donner, Matthias Lichtemberg, Paulo S. F. Doster, Mark Picot, Adeline Cotty, Peter J. Puckett, Ryan D. Michailides, Themis J. TI Community Structure of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus in Major Almond-Producing Areas of California, United States SO PLANT DISEASE AB Several nut crops, including almond, pistachio, and walnut, can become contaminated with mycotoxins. Of greatest economic significance are aflatoxins, which are mainly produced by members of Aspergillus section Flavi. The distribution of the two sclerotial-size morphotypes of Aspergillus flavus (i.e., S and L strains) and A. parasiticus, the main species responsible for aflatoxin production among section Flavi, was monitored in the soil of almond orchards in California over a 5-year period from 2007 to 2011, excluding 2009. In total, 4,349 Aspergillus isolates were collected from 28 almond orchards located in the northern, central, and southern Central Valley in California. Overall, A. flavus L strain was the most frequent, followed by A. parasiticus and A. flavus S strain. However, variations in the spatial distribution of these three taxa were found between the three regions. Over the 5-year period, higher frequencies of L strain were more often observed in the southern region (79.9 to 95.1%, depending on year) compared with the northern region (21.4 to 47.1%). In the north, A. parasiticus was the most common strain, with frequencies of 28.5 to 61% for the various years. In addition, the frequency of aflatoxin-producing isolates among L strains fluctuated from year to year. A significant increase (P = 0.0001) was observed from 2008 (75% of the isolates produced aflatoxins) to 2007 (59%), and a decrease was observed from 2010 (61%) to 2011 (53%). Aflatoxin-producing L strain isolates were significantly more prevalent than atoxigenic isolates in each region during the 5-year survey, except in 2011 in the north, where more isolates were atoxigenic (56%) than aflatoxin-producing (44%). Our results indicate that the structure of A. flavus and A. parasiticus communities in the soil and the proportion of toxigenic isolates vary across regions and years. Such knowledge may help devise appropriate aflatoxin control strategies, including the use of atoxigenic isolates as biological control agents adapted to the soil environments in each region. SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1161 EP 1169 DI 10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0450-RE UT WOS:000360866300015 ER PT J AU Oliveira-Hofman, C Wegulo, SN Tatineni, S Hein, GL AF Oliveira-Hofman, C. Wegulo, S. N. Tatineni, S. Hein, G. L. TI Impact of Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus Coinfection of Wheat on Transmission Rates by Wheat Curl Mites SO PLANT DISEASE AB Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are transmitted by the wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella), and coinfections of wheat by these viruses are common in the field. Previous work has shown that mite genotypes vary in their ability to transmit TriMV. However, the degree to which coinfection of wheat modifies WCM vector competence has not been studied. The objective was to determine whether mite genotypes differed in virus transmission ability when feeding on wheat coinfected by WSMV and TriMV. First, WCM genotype type 2 was used to determine virus transmission rates from mock-, WSMV-, TriMV-, and coinfected wheat plants. Transmission rates were determined by using single-mite transfers from replicated source plants. Coinfection reduced WSMV transmission by type 2 WCM from 50 to 35.6%; however, coinfection increased TriMV transmission from 43.3 to 56.8%. Mite survival on single-mite transfer test plants indicates that the reduction in WSMV transmission may result from poor mite survival when TriMV is present. In a second study, two separate colonies of WCM genotype type 1 were tested to assess the impact of coinfection on transmission. Type 1 mites did not transmit TriMV from coinfected plants but the two colonies varied in transmission rates for WSMV (20.9 to 36.5%). Even though these changes in mite transmission rates are moderate, they help explain the high relative incidence of TriMV-positive plants that are coinfected with WSMV in field observations. These findings begin to demonstrate the complicated interactions found in this mite virus complex. SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1170 EP 1174 DI 10.1094/PDIS-08-14-0868-RE UT WOS:000360866300016 ER PT J AU Peter, KA Gaskins, VL Lehman, B Jurick, WM AF Peter, K. A. Gaskins, V. L. Lehman, B. Jurick, W. M., II TI First Report of Brown Rot on Apple Fruit Caused by Monilinia fructicola in Pennsylvania SO PLANT DISEASE SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1179 EP 1179 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-14-1099-PDN UT WOS:000360866300028 ER PT J AU Gaskins, VL Vico, I Yu, J Jurick, WM AF Gaskins, V. L. Vico, I. Yu, J. Jurick, W. M., II TI First Report of Penicillium expansum Isolates With Reduced Sensitivity to Fludioxonil From a Commercial Packinghouse in Pennsylvania SO PLANT DISEASE SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1182 EP 1182 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-14-1161-PDN UT WOS:000360866300036 ER PT J AU Serrato-Diaz, LM Perez-Cuevas, M Rivera-Vargas, LI Goenaga, R French-Monar, RD AF Serrato-Diaz, L. M. Perez-Cuevas, M. Rivera-Vargas, L. I. Goenaga, R. French-Monar, R. D. TI First Report of Fusarium decemcellulare Causing Inflorescence Wilt and Vascular and Flower Necrosis of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), Longan (Dimocarpus longan), and Mango (Mangifera indica) SO PLANT DISEASE SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1187 EP 1187 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-14-0923-PDN UT WOS:000360866300047 ER PT J AU Dyer, AT Al-Khafaji, R Lane, T Paulitz, T Handoo, ZA Skantar, AM Chitwood, DJ AF Dyer, A. T. Al-Khafaji, R. Lane, T. Paulitz, T. Handoo, Z. A. Skantar, A. M. Chitwood, D. J. TI First Report of the Cereal Cyst Nematode Heterodera filipjevi on Winter Wheat in Montana SO PLANT DISEASE OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1188 EP 1188 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-15-0138-PDN UT WOS:000360866300050 ER PT J AU Blumberg, JB Broihier, K Duncan, A Fitzpatrick, K Fisher, L Nobel, J AF Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Broihier, Kitty Duncan, Alison Fitzpatrick, Kelley Fisher, Leslie Nobel, Jeremy TI Regarding the paper 'The impact of a supermarket nutrition rating system on purchases of nutritious and less nutritious foods' by Cawley et al. SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION SN 1368-9800 EI 1475-2727 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2283 EP 2284 DI 10.1017/S1368980014002766 UT WOS:000361066000020 PM 26170082 ER PT J AU Chignell, SM Anderson, RS Evangelista, PH Laituri, MJ Merritt, DM AF Chignell, Stephen M. Anderson, Ryan S. Evangelista, Paul H. Laituri, Melinda J. Merritt, David M. TI Multi-Temporal Independent Component Analysis and Landsat 8 for Delineating Maximum Extent of the 2013 Colorado Front Range Flood SO REMOTE SENSING AB Maximum flood extent-a key data need for disaster response and mitigation-is rarely quantified due to storm-related cloud cover and the low temporal resolution of optical sensors. While change detection approaches can circumvent these issues through the identification of inundated land and soil from post-flood imagery, their accuracy can suffer in the narrow and complex channels of increasingly developed and heterogeneous floodplains. This study explored the utility of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for addressing these challenges in the unprecedented 2013 Flood along the Colorado Front Range, USA. Pre- and post-flood images were composited and transformed with an ICA to identify change classes. Flooded pixels were extracted using image segmentation, and the resulting flood layer was refined with cloud and irrigated agricultural masks derived from the ICA. Visual assessment against aerial orthophotography showed close agreement with high water marks and scoured riverbanks, and a pixel-to-pixel validation with WorldView-2 imagery captured near peak flow yielded an overall accuracy of 87% and Kappa of 0.73. Additional tests showed a twofold increase in flood class accuracy over the commonly used modified normalized water index. The approach was able to simultaneously distinguish flood-related water and soil moisture from pre-existing water bodies and other spectrally similar classes within the narrow and braided channels of the study site. This was accomplished without the use of post-processing smoothing operations, enabling the important preservation of nuanced inundation patterns. Although flooding beneath moderate and sparse riparian vegetation canopy was captured, dense vegetation cover and paved regions of the floodplain were main sources of omission error, and commission errors occurred primarily in pixels of mixed land use and along the flood edge. Nevertheless, the unsupervised nature of ICA, in conjunction with the global availability of Landsat imagery, offers a straightforward, robust, and flexible approach to flood mapping that requires no ancillary data for rapid implementation. Finally, the spatial layer of flood extent and a summary of impacts were provided for use in the region's ongoing hydrologic research and mitigation planning. RI Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016; OI Chignell, Stephen/0000-0002-8277-4338 SN 2072-4292 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 9822 EP 9843 DI 10.3390/rs70809822 UT WOS:000360818800016 ER PT J AU Vazquez, RS Melendez, LAD Estrada, ES Muela, CR Villalobos, GV Zamora, GM Hume, ME AF Vazquez, Ramon Silva Duran Melendez, Lorenzo Antonio Santellano Estrada, Eduardo Rodriguez Muela, Carlos Villalobos Villalobos, Guillermo Mendez Zamora, Gerardo Hume, Michael E. TI Performance of broiler chickens supplemented with Mexican oregano oil (Lippia berlandieri Schauer) SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB The objective of this research was to evaluate the inclusion of two qualities of Mexican oregano oil (MOO) in broiler diets on broiler weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, average daily gain, and water intake. The qualities were MOO1 (4% thymol, 60% carvacrol) and MOO2 (40% thymol, 20% carvacrol). Nine treatments were prepared by the combinations of MOO1 + MOO2 (0, 400, and 800 mg kg(-1); added per kg of feed) respectively: 0+0, 0+400, 0+800, 400+0, 400+400, 400+800, 800+0, 800+400, and 800+800. Eighteen chicks per treatment were divided in a completely randomized design into nine cages. Broiler weights were altered by the treatments at 21 d, when 400+400 had the highest weight, and on day 39, when the greatest weight was seen in broilers on treatments 800+0 and 800+400. Feed intake was affected by treatment on day 39, with broilers on 800+0 exhibiting the highest values. Water intake was influenced by the treatments on days 14, 21, 35, and 39, when 0+0 represented the lowest. Feed efficiency was altered by the treatments on days 14, 28, 35, and 39, where as average daily gain was affected from days 14 to 39. Supplementation of Mexican oregano oil has beneficial effects on broiler weight, feed efficiency, average daily gain, and feed and water intakes. Combinations of thymol and carvacrol levels have varying effects on these parameters. The higher relative body weights of groups 400+0, 800+0, and 800+400 suggest positive market value effects of these combinations of Mexican oregano oil. SN 1806-9290 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 44 IS 8 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1590/S1806-92902015000800003 UT WOS:000361060600003 ER PT J AU Cho, SH Bowker, JM Roberts, RK Kim, S Kim, T Lambert, DM AF Cho, Seong-Hoon Bowker, J. M. Roberts, Roland K. Kim, Seunggyu Kim, Taeyoung Lambert, Dayton M. TI Effects on consumer welfare of visitor satisfaction with recreation information availability: a case study of the Allegheny National Forest SO TOURISM ECONOMICS AB This research quantifies changes in consumer welfare due to changes in visitor satisfaction with the availability of information about recreational sites. The authors tested the hypothesis that an improvement in visitor satisfaction with recreation information increases the number of visits to national forests, resulting in increased consumer welfare. They tested the hypothesis with a travel cost model for the Allegheny National Forest using data from the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) programme. An ex ante simulation suggests that annual per capita consumer welfare increased when highly satisfactory recreation information was available. The findings, along with the expected costs of providing better recreation information, may be a useful reference for recreation site managers who wish to increase the number of visits in an economically effective way. OI Kim, Taeyoung/0000-0003-1776-2717 SN 1354-8166 EI 2044-0375 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 21 IS 4 BP 853 EP 869 DI 10.5367/te.2014.0383 UT WOS:000361057900009 ER PT J AU Hatten, TD Strange, JP Maxwell, JM AF Hatten, Timothy D. Strange, James P. Maxwell, Jill M. TI LATE-SEASON SURVEY OF BUMBLE BEES ALONG CANADIAN HIGHWAYS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AND YUKON TERRITORIES SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST AB Bumble bees are important pollinators of flowering plants, foraging and providing pollination services throughout the growing season. They are adapted to cool temperatures and are among the most important of all pollinators at high elevations and northern latitudes. Over the past several decades, multiple species of bumble bees have experienced declines in both geographic range and abundance in Europe and North America, while 4 species of the genus Bombus (Bombus) have suffered dramatic declines in the United States. Such declines are not as evident in Alaska, and the status of Bombus remains relatively unknown in the adjacent territories of Canada. To begin addressing this knowledge gap, we sampled the bumble bee fauna foraging on floral patches along 5 highways of Canada and southeastern Alaska in a short-term, one-time survey during late summer 2010. We observed 14 species and found Bombus assemblages to be structured by broad geographic features and ecoregions. The Bombus species B. (B.) occidentalis and B. (B.) terricola were relatively abundant in sample sites west and east of the Rocky Mountains, respectively, and B. (Pyrobombus) vagans, B. (Cullumanobombus) rufocinctus, and B. occidentalis were the most abundant species across all sites. SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 75 IS 2 BP 170 EP 180 UT WOS:000360978700004 ER PT J AU Schoenecker, KA Watry, MK Ellison, LE Schwartz, MK Luikart, G AF Schoenecker, Kathryn A. Watry, Mary Kay Ellison, Laura E. Schwartz, Michael K. Luikart, Gordon TI ESTIMATING BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS) ABUNDANCE USING NONINVASIVE SAMPLING AT A MINERAL LICK WITHIN A NATIONAL PARK WILDERNESS AREA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST AB Conservation of species requires accurate population estimates. We used genetic markers from feces to determine bighorn sheep abundance for a herd that was hypothesized to be declining and in need of population status monitoring. We sampled from a small but accessible portion of the population's range where animals naturally congregate at a natural mineral lick to test whether we could accurately estimate population size by sampling from an area where animals concentrate. We used mark-recapture analysis to derive population estimates, and compared estimates from this smaller spatial sampling to estimates from sampling of the entire bighorn sheep range. We found that estimates were somewhat comparable; in 2009, the mineral lick sample and entire range sample differed by 20 individuals, and in 2010 they differed by only one individual. However, we captured 13 individuals in the entire range sample that were not captured at the mineral lick, and thus violated a model assumption that all individuals had an equal opportunity of being captured. This eliminated the possibility of inferring a total population estimate from just animals visiting the mineral lick, but because estimates were relatively similar, monitoring at the mineral lick can provide a useful index for management and conservation. We compared our results to a radio-collar study conducted in 2003-2004 and confirmed that the population remained stable since 2004. Our population estimates were 78 (CI 62-114) in 2009 and 95 (CI 77-131) in 2010. Between 7 and 11 sampling dates were needed to achieve a CV of 20% for population estimates, assuming a capture probability between 0.09 and 0.13. We relied on citizen science volunteers to maximize data collection and reduce costs; 71% of all fecal samples were collected by volunteers, compared to 29% collected by paid staff. We conclude that our technique provides a useful monitoring tool for managers. The technique could be tested and applied in similar populations where animals congregate with high fidelity at a mineral lick or other area. RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 75 IS 2 BP 181 EP 191 UT WOS:000360978700005 ER PT J AU Desaulniers, AT Cederberg, RA Mills, GA Ford, JJ Lents, CA White, BR AF Desaulniers, Amy T. Cederberg, Rebecca A. Mills, Ginger A. Ford, J. Joe Lents, Clay A. White, Brett R. TI LH-Independent Testosterone Secretion Is Mediated by the Interaction Between GNRH2 and Its Receptor Within Porcine Testes SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION AB Unlike classic gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GNRH1), the second mammalian isoform (GNRH2) is an ineffective stimulant of gonadotropin release. Species that produce GNRH2 may not maintain a functional GNRH2 receptor (GNRHR2) due to coding errors. A full-length GNRHR2 gene has been identified in swine, but its role in reproduction requires further elucidation. Our objective was to examine the role of GNRH2 and GNRHR2 in testicular function of boars. We discovered that GNRH2 levels were higher in the testis than in the anterior pituitary gland or hypothalamus, corresponding to greater GNRHR2 abundance in the testis versus the anterior pituitary gland. Moreover, GNRH2 immunostaining was most prevalent within seminiferous tubules, whereas GNRHR2 was detected in high abundance on Leydig cells. GNRH2 pretreatment of testis explant cultures elicited testosterone secretion similar to that of human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation. Treatment of mature boars with GNRH2 elevated testosterone levels similar to those of GNRH1-treated males, despite minimal GNRH2-induced release of luteinizing hormone (LH). When pretreated with a GNRHR1 antagonist (SB-75), subsequent GNRH2 treatment stimulated low levels of testosterone secretion despite a pattern of LH release similar to that in the previous trial, suggesting that SB-75 inhibited testicular GNRHR2s. Given that pigs lack testicular GNRHR1, these data may indicate that GNRH2 and its receptor are involved in autocrine or paracrine regulation of testosterone secretion. Notably, our data are the first to suggest a biological function of a novel GNRH2-GNRHR2 system in the testes of swine. SN 0006-3363 EI 1529-7268 PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 93 IS 2 AR 45 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.115.128082 UT WOS:000360803300007 PM 26134865 ER PT J AU Zhang, LZ Jia, SG Plath, M Huang, YZ Li, CJ Lei, CZ Zhao, X Chen, H AF Zhang, Liangzhi Jia, Shangang Plath, Martin Huang, Yongzhen Li, Congjun Lei, Chuzhao Zhao, Xin Chen, Hong TI Impact of Parental Bos taurus and Bos indicus Origins on Copy Number Variation in Traditional Chinese Cattle Breeds SO GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Copy number variation (CNV) is an important component of genomic structural variation and plays a role not only in evolutionary diversification but also in domestication. Chinese cattle were derived from Bos taurus and Bos indicus, and several breeds presumably are of hybrid origin, but the evolution of CNV regions (CNVRs) has not yet been examined in this context. Here, we of CNVRs, mtDNA D-loop sequence variation, and Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess the impact of maternal and paternal B. taurus and B. indicus origins on the distribution of CNVRs in 24 Chinese domesticated bulls. We discovered 470 genome-wide CNVRs, only 72 of which were shared by all three Y-lineages (B. taurus: Y-1, Y-2; B. indicus: Y-3), whereas 265 were shared by inferred taurine or indicine paternal lineages, and 228 when considering their maternal taurine or indicine origins. Phylogenetic analysis uncovered eight taurine/indicine hybrids, and principal component analysis on CNVs corroborated genomic exchange during hybridization. The distribution patterns of CNVRs tended to be lineage-specific, and correlation analysis revealed significant positive or negative co-occurrences of CNVRs across lineages. Our study suggests that CNVs in Chinese cattle partly result from selective breeding during domestication, but also from hybridization and introgression. SN 1759-6653 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 2352 EP 2361 DI 10.1093/gbe/evv151 UT WOS:000360819300021 PM 26260653 ER PT J AU Bearson, BL Brunelle, BW AF Bearson, Bradley L. Brunelle, Brian W. TI Fluoroquinolone induction of phage-mediated gene transfer in multidrug-resistant Salmonella SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AB Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase activity, which can cause DNA damage and result in bacterial cell death. In response to DNA damage, bacteria induce an SOS response to stimulate DNA repair. However, the SOS response may also induce prophage with production of infectious virions. Salmonella strains typically contain multiple prophages, and certain strains including phage types DT120 and DT104 contain prophage that upon induction are capable of generalised transduction. In this study, strains of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT120 and DT104 were exposed to fluoroquinolones important for use in human and veterinary disease therapy to determine whether prophage(s) are induced that could facilitate phage-mediated gene transfer. Cultures of MDR S. Typhimurium DT120 and DT104 containing a kanamycin resistance plasmid were lysed after exposure to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and danofloxacin). Bacterial cell lysates were able to transfer the plasmid to a recipient kanamycin-susceptible Salmonella strain by generalised transduction. In addition, exposure of DT120 to ciprofloxacin induced the recA gene of the bacterial SOS response and genes encoded in a P22-like generalised transducing prophage. This research indicates that fluoroquinolone exposure of MDR Salmonella can facilitate horizontal gene transfer, suggesting that fluoroquinolone usage in human and veterinary medicine may have unintended consequences, including the induction of phage-mediated gene transfer from MDR Salmonella. Stimulation of gene transfer following bacterial exposure to fluoroquinolones should be considered an adverse effect, and clinical decisions regarding antibiotic selection for infectious disease therapy should include this potential risk. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0924-8579 EI 1872-7913 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 46 IS 2 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.04.008 UT WOS:000360705500011 PM 26078016 ER PT J AU Sweitzer, RA Popescu, VD Barrett, RH Purcell, KL Thompson, CM AF Sweitzer, Rick A. Popescu, Viorel D. Barrett, Reginald H. Purcell, Kathryn L. Thompson, Craig M. TI Reproduction, abundance, and population growth for a fisher (Pekania pennanti) population in the Sierra National Forest, California SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY AB In the west coast region of the United States, fishers (Pekania pennanti) exist in 2 remnant populations-1 in northern California and 1 in the southern Sierra Nevada, California-and 3 reintroduced populations (western Washington, southern Oregon, and northeastern California). The West Coast Distinct Population Segment of fishers encompassing all of these populations was proposed for listing as threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in October 2014. There are likely fewer than 500 total fishers in the southern Sierra Nevada population isolate, but empirical data on demographic rates, population size, and population growth are almost entirely lacking. Our goal was to estimate demographic parameters and current abundance of a fisher population at the north margin of the southern Sierra Nevada region. Radiocollared fishers were monitored from 2007 to 2013 to estimate survival and demographic rates, and camera traps were used to estimate population size based on detections of individual animals in a capture-mark-resight (CMR) framework. A Leslie matrix model was used to estimate a deterministic population growth rate (lambda). Fisher abundance ranged from 48 animals in 2010 to 62 animals in 2012, whereas mean population density varied from 0.075 to 0.096 fishers/km(2). Reproductive status was determined for 89 of 93 total denning opportunities; denning and weaning rates were estimated at 84% and 70%, and litter size was 1.6 kits. We documented 8 den failures, mostly associated with predator attacks. Demographic rates in the study population were comparable to reports from elsewhere in California or Oregon, but the CMR-based population density was the lowest reported in the United States. The estimated lambda for the population was 0.966 (range 0.786-1.155), which was in agreement with no indication of a positive or negative trend in population density. An encouraging result from sensitivity analyses was that minor improvements in fisher survival and fecundity, facilitated by proposed mitigation or management to reduce exposure to several agents of mortality, could improve lambda to 1.06-1.09 over the longer term. We believe that the combination of a population growth rate slightly below 1.0, small population size and low density, multiple challenges to survival and reproduction, and damage to habitat from wildfires warrants concern for the viability of the fisher population in our study area, which may extend to the overall southern Sierra Nevada population if lambda trends below 1.0 in other parts of the region. There is a need for continued monitoring and potential mitigation for threats to survival to assure continued presence of fishers in the southern Sierra Nevada, California. RI Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 IS 4 BP 772 EP 790 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyv083 UT WOS:000360582700015 ER PT J AU Bosley, KM Copeman, LA Dumbauld, BR AF Bosley, Katelyn M. Copeman, Louise A. Dumbauld, Brett R. TI IDENTIFICATION OF THALASSINIDEAN SHRIMP FOOD SOURCES IN AN OREGON ESTUARY USING FATTY ACID ANALYSIS AND STABLE ISOTOPE RATIOS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 613 EP 613 UT WOS:000360410500075 ER PT J AU Bushek, D Carnegie, R Calvo, L Rheault, R Bouchard, D Nelson, M Hudson, K Gustafson, L Creekmore, L AF Bushek, David Carnegie, Ryan Calvo, Lisa Rheault, Robert Bouchard, Deborah Nelson, Marcy Hudson, Karen Gustafson, Lori Creekmore, Lynn TI STREAMLINING BIOSECURITY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH TRANSFERS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 615 EP 616 UT WOS:000360410500082 ER PT J AU Coleman, N Bosley, K Dumbauld, B AF Coleman, Natalie Bosley, Katelyn Dumbauld, Brett TI THE DIRTY SECRET ON BURROWING SHRIMP GROWTH: VERIFICATION OF TWO ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF AGE DETERMINATION IN THE BURROWING SHRIMP NEOTRYPAEA CALIFORNIENSIS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 619 EP 620 UT WOS:000360410500094 ER PT J AU Corbett, RJ Gomez-Chiarri, M Small, JM Allen, SK Proestou, DA AF Corbett, Ryan J. Gomez-Chiarri, Marta Small, Jessica Moss Allen, Standish K., Jr. Proestou, Dina A. TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PHENOTYPIC VARIATION FOR DERMO RESISTANCE AMONG SELECTIVELY-BRED FAMILIES OF THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 620 EP 620 UT WOS:000360410500095 ER PT J AU Dumbauld, B McCoy, L Bosley, K Chapman, J AF Dumbauld, Brett McCoy, Lee Bosley, Katelyn Chapman, John TI DOES RECRUITMENT DRIVE FLUCTUATIONS IN BURROWING SHRIMP POPULATIONS IN US WEST COAST ESTUARIES AND AFFECT SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE? SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 626 EP 626 UT WOS:000360410500112 ER PT J AU Graham, E Dumbauld, B McCoy, L AF Graham, Erin Dumbauld, Brett McCoy, Lee TI SEA LEVEL RISE AND SEA GRASS EXPANSION IN WILLAPA BAY, WA: HOW WILL CHANGES IN ZOSTERA MARINA DISTRIBUTION INFLUENCE AQUACULTURE? SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 635 EP 636 UT WOS:000360410500139 ER PT J AU Burr, G Wolters, W AF Burr, Gary Wolters, William TI POTENTIAL USE OF THE INVASIVE EUROPEAN GREEN CRAB (CARCINUS MAENAS) AS AN INGREDIENT IN ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR) DIETS; A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 704 EP 704 UT WOS:000360410500319 ER PT J AU Proestou, DA Corbett, RJ Gomez-Chiarri, M Small, JM Allen, S AF Proestou, Dina A. Corbett, Ryan J. Gomez-Chiarri, Marta Small, Jessica Moss Allen, Standish, Jr. TI ASSESSING THE EXTENT OF PHENOTYPIC VARIATION FOR DERMO RESISTANCE AMONG SELECTIVELY-BRED FAMILIES OF THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 718 EP 718 UT WOS:000360410500362 ER PT J AU Rempel, LA Vallet, JL Lents, CA Nonneman, DJ AF Rempel, L. A. Vallet, J. L. Lents, C. A. Nonneman, D. J. TI Measurements of body composition during late gestation and lactation in first and second parity sows and its relationship to piglet production and post-weaning reproductive performance SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE AB The objective of this study was to characterize multiple body condition traits in a white crossbred composite population of first- and second-parity sows and, determine if these traits relate to litter production and reproductive parameters. Differences between parity or time were determined using a mixed model and reported as LSM +/- SE. As expected, parity 2 dams were heavier (P < 0.0001; 202.5 +/- 1.57 kg versus 174.1 +/- 1.35 kg) than parity 1 dams. Of interest however, parity 2 dams lost more (P=0.0340) loin eye area from late gestation to weaning (-4.1 +/- 0.78 cm(2) versus -2.5 +/- 0.60 cm(2)) but had a greater (P=0.0026) recovery in loin eye area from weaning to post-weaning (2.8 +/- 0.76 cm(2) versus 0.6 +/- 0.59 cm(2)) versus primiparous females. However the period between weaning measurements and post-weaning measurements tended (P=0.0978) to favor parity 1 dams (16.0 +/- 0.35 d) versus parity 2 dams (15.4 +/- 0.43 d). Parity 2 dams also had a greater (P <= 0.05) ovulation rate following weaning than parity 1 dams. Regression analyses indicated body weight of dams at several time points had a positive (P <= 0.05) relationship to ovulation rate (range 0.03 +/- 0.012 to 0.05 +/- 0.013 corpora lutea kg(-1)). Piglet ADG was positively (P <= 0.05) associated with dam body weight (range 0.30 +/- 0.103 g kg(-1) to 0.49 +/- 0.106 g kg(-1)) and dam backfat thickness (range 0.93 +/- 0363 g mm(-1) to 1.14 +/- 0.378 g mm(-1)) regardless of parity. Regression analyses indicated interactions (P <= 0.05) between parity and backfat thickness at weaning (-0.11 +/- 0.023 piglets mm(-1)) and post-weaning backfat thickness (-0.12 +/- 0.025 piglets mm(-1)) were negatively associated with number of nursed piglets weaned among parity 1 dams. Furthermore, loin eye area at weaning (-0.06 +/- 0.024 piglets cm(2) (-1)) and loss of loin eye area from late gestation to weaning (-0.05 +/- 0.020 piglets cm(2) (-1)) were negatively (P <= 0.05) associated with number of nursed piglets weaned but were not influenced by parity in regression analyses. In conclusion, these data provide knowledge on differences in body composition before and after the lactation period in young dams under similar conditions. Of interest, second parity dams appear to have greater lean tissue elasticity versus primiparous females. Future studies will further refine the relationship among body composition in primiparous females and subsequent impact on sow longevity. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 1871-1413 EI 1878-0490 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 178 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.05.036 UT WOS:000360513600035 ER PT J AU Gaylord, ML Kolb, TE McDowell, NG AF Gaylord, Monica L. Kolb, Thomas E. McDowell, Nate G. TI Mechanisms of pinon pine mortality after severe drought: a retrospective study of mature trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY AB Conifers have incurred high mortality during recent global-change-type drought(s) in the western USA. Mechanisms of drought-related tree mortality need to be resolved to support predictions of the impacts of future increases in aridity on vegetation. Hydraulic failure, carbon starvation and lethal biotic agents are three potentially interrelated mechanisms of tree mortality during drought. Our study compared a suite of measurements related to these mechanisms between 49 mature pinon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) trees that survived severe drought in 2002 (live trees) and 49 trees that died during the drought (dead trees) over three sites in Arizona and New Mexico. Results were consistent over all sites indicating common mortality mechanisms over a wide region rather than site-specific mechanisms. We found evidence for an interactive role of hydraulic failure, carbon starvation and biotic agents in tree death. For the decade prior to the mortality event, dead trees had twofold greater sapwood cavitation based on frequency of aspirated tracheid pits observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), smaller inter-tracheid pit diameter measured by SEM, greater diffusional constraints to photosynthesis based on higher wood delta C-13, smaller xylem resin ducts, lower radial growth and more bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) attacks than live trees. Results suggest that sapwood cavitation, low carbon assimilation and low resin defense predispose pinon pine trees to bark beetle attacks and mortality during severe drought. Our novel approach is an important step forward to yield new insights into how trees die via retrospective analysis. SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 8 BP 806 EP 816 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpv038 UT WOS:000360590100002 PM 26048753 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Turlapati, SA Long, S McDowell, WH Minocha, SC AF Minocha, Rakesh Turlapati, Swathi A. Long, Stephanie McDowell, William H. Minocha, Subhash C. TI Long-term trends of changes in pine and oak foliar nitrogen metabolism in response to chronic nitrogen amendments at Harvard Forest, MA SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY AB We evaluated the long-term (1995-2008) trends in foliar and sapwood metabolism, soil solution chemistry and tree mortality rates in response to chronic nitrogen (N) additions to pine and hardwood stands at the Harvard Forest Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site. Common stress-related metabolites like polyamines (PAs), free amino acids (AAs) and inorganic elements were analyzed for control, low N (LN, 50aEuro...kg NH(4)NO(3)aEuro...ha(-1)aEuro...year(-1)) and high N (HN, 150aEuro...kg NH(4)NO(3)aEuro...ha(-1)aEuro...year(-1)) treatments. In the pine stands, partitioning of excess N into foliar PAs and AAs increased with both N treatments until 2002. By 2005, several of these effects on N metabolites disappeared for HN, and by 2008 they were mostly observed for LN plot. A significant decline in foliar Ca and P was observed mostly with HN for a few years until 2005. However, sapwood data actually showed an increase in Ca, Mg and Mn and no change in PAs in the HN plot for 2008, while AAs data revealed trends that were generally similar to foliage for 2008. Concomitant with these changes, mortality data revealed a large number of dead trees in HN pine plots by 2002; the mortality rate started to decline by 2005. Oak trees in the hardwood plot did not exhibit any major changes in PAs, AAs, nutrients and mortality rate with LN treatment, indicating that oak trees were able to tolerate the yearly doses of 50aEuro...kg NH4NO3 ha(-1)aEuro...year(-1). However, HN trees suffered from physiological and nutritional stress along with increased mortality in 2008. In this case also, foliar data were supported by the sapwood data. Overall, both low and high N applications resulted in greater physiological stress to the pine trees than the oaks. In general, the time course of changes in metabolic data are in agreement with the published reports on changes in soil chemistry and microbial community structure, rates of soil carbon sequestration and production of woody biomass for this chronic N study. This correspondence of selected metabolites with other measures of forest functions suggests that the metabolite analyses are useful for long-term monitoring of the health of forest trees. RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010 OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047 SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 8 BP 894 EP 909 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpv044 UT WOS:000360590100009 PM 26116927 ER PT J AU Kaushal, SS McDowell, WH Wollheim, WM Newcomer Johnson, TA Mayer, PM Belt, KT Pennino, MJ AF Kaushal, Sujay S. McDowell, William H. Wollheim, Wilfred M. Newcomer Johnson, Tamara A. Mayer, Paul M. Belt, Kenneth T. Pennino, Michael J. TI Urban Evolution: The Role of Water SO WATER AB The structure, function, and services of urban ecosystems evolve over time scales from seconds to centuries as Earth's population grows, infrastructure ages, and sociopolitical values alter them. In order to systematically study changes over time, the concept of "urban evolution" was proposed. It allows urban planning, management, and restoration to move beyond reactive management to predictive management based on past observations of consistent patterns. Here, we define and review a glossary of core concepts for studying urban evolution, which includes the mechanisms of urban selective pressure and urban adaptation. Urban selective pressure is an environmental or societal driver contributing to urban adaptation. Urban adaptation is the sequential process by which an urban structure, function, or services becomes more fitted to its changing environment or human choices. The role of water is vital to driving urban evolution as demonstrated by historical changes in drainage, sewage flows, hydrologic pulses, and long-term chemistry. In the current paper, we show how hydrologic traits evolve across successive generations of urban ecosystems via shifts in selective pressures and adaptations over time. We explore multiple empirical examples including evolving: (1) urban drainage from stream burial to stormwater management; (2) sewage flows and water quality in response to wastewater treatment; (3) amplification of hydrologic pulses due to the interaction between urbanization and climate variability; and (4) salinization and alkalinization of fresh water due to human inputs and accelerated weathering. Finally, we propose a new conceptual model for the evolution of urban waters from the Industrial Revolution to the present day based on empirical trends and historical information. Ultimately, we propose that water itself is a critical driver of urban evolution that forces urban adaptation, which transforms the structure, function, and services of urban landscapes, waterways, and civilizations over time. RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/D-1045-2013; OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/0000-0002-2496-7641; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 SN 2073-4441 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 4063 EP 4087 DI 10.3390/w7084063 UT WOS:000360628400004 ER PT J AU Jansky, SH Dawson, J Spooner, DM AF Jansky, Shelley H. Dawson, Julie Spooner, David M. TI How do we address the disconnect between genetic and morphological diversity in germplasm collections? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 IS 8 BP 1213 EP 1215 DI 10.3732/ajb.1500203 UT WOS:000360208700001 PM 26290545 ER PT J AU Che-Castaldo, C Crisafulli, CM Bishop, JG Fagan, WF AF Che-Castaldo, Christian Crisafulli, Charlie M. Bishop, John G. Fagan, William F. TI What causes female bias in the secondary sex ratios of the dioecious woody shrub Salix sitchensis colonizing a primary successional landscape? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY AB PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Females often outnumber males in Salix populations, although the mechanisms behind female bias are not well understood and could be caused by both genetic and ecological factors. We investigated several ecological factors that could bias secondary sex ratios of Salix sitchensis colonizing Mount St. Helens after the 1980 eruption. METHODS: We determined whether S. sitchensis secondary sex ratios varied across disturbance zones created by the eruption and across mesic and hydric habitats within each zone. For one population, we tracked adult mortality, whole-plant reproductive allocation, the number of stems, and plant size for 2 years. In a field experiment, we created artificial streams to test whether vegetative reproduction via stem fragments was sex-biased. KEY RESULTS: We found a consistent 2: 1 female bias in S. sitchensis secondary sex ratios across all disturbance zones and habitats. Despite female plants sometimes allocating more resources (in terms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) to reproduction than males, we found no evidence of sex-biased mortality. The establishment rate of S. sitchensis experimental stems did not differ between the sexes, indicating that vegetative reproduction was not distorting secondary sex ratios. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that S. sitchensis secondary sex ratios depend on either early-acting genetic factors affecting the seed sex ratio or sex-specific germination or survival rates before maturity, as opposed to factors associated with reproduction in adult plants. OI Che-Castaldo, Christian/0000-0002-7670-2178 SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 IS 8 BP 1309 EP 1322 DI 10.3732/ajb.1500143 UT WOS:000360208700010 PM 26290554 ER PT J AU Binita, KC Shepherd, JM Gaither, CJ AF Binita, K. C. Shepherd, J. Marshall Gaither, Cassandra Johnson TI Climate change vulnerability assessment in Georgia SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY AB Climate change is occurring in the Southeastern United States, and one manifestation is changes in frequency and intensity of extreme events. A vulnerability assessment is performed in the state of Georgia (United States) at the county level from 1975 to 2012 in decadal increments. Climate change vulnerability is typically measured as a function of exposure to physical phenomena (e.g., droughts, floods), sensitivity to factors affecting the social milieu, and the capacity of a given unit to adapt to changing physical conditions. The paper builds on previous assessments and offers a unique approach to vulnerability analyses by combining climatic, social, land cover, and hydrological components together into a unified vulnerability assessment, which captures both long-term and hydroclimatic events. Climate change vulnerability indices are derived for the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. Climate change exposure is measured as: 1) departure of decadal mean temperature and precipitation from baseline temperature and precipitation (1971-2000) using the United States Historical Climatology Network version 2.5 and 2) extreme hydroclimatic hazards indicated by flood, heat wave and drought events. Sensitivity and adaptive capacity are measured by well-established conceptualizations and methods built derived from socioeconomic variables. Impervious surface and flood susceptibility area are also incorporated to account for place-based vulnerability. Anomalies in temperature and precipitation with an overall trend towards drying and warming have been observed. The anomalous cooling period in Georgia during the 1970-1980 period as well as the post-1980 warm-up have been captured with a clearly established increase in extreme hydroclimatic events in recent decades. Climate vulnerability is highest in some metropolitan Atlanta and coastal counties. However, the southwestern region of Georgia, and part of the rural Black belt region are found to be especially vulnerable to climate change. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI KC, Binita/0000-0001-6126-5369 SN 0143-6228 EI 1873-7730 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 BP 62 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.04.007 UT WOS:000360419800006 ER PT J AU Tsunoda, F Lamon-Fava, S Asztalos, BF Iyer, LK Richardson, K Schaefer, EJ AF Tsunoda, Fumiyoshi Lamon-Fava, Stefania Asztalos, Bela F. Iyer, Lakshmanan K. Richardson, Kris Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Effects of oral eicosapentaenoic acid versus docosahexaenoic acid on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Objective: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have beneficial effects on inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our aim was to assess the effect of a six-week supplementation with either olive oil, EPA, or DHA on gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Methods: Subjects were sampled at baseline and six weeks after receiving either: olive oil 6.0 g/day (n = 16), EPA 1.8 g/day (n = 16), or DHA 1.8 g/day (n = 18). PBMC were subjected to gene expression analysis by microarray with key findings confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Results: Plasma phospholipid EPA increased 3 fold in the EPA group, and DHA increased 63% in the DHA group (both p < 0.01), while no effects were observed in the olive oil group. Microarray analysis indicated that EPA but not DHA or olive oil significantly affected the gene expression in the following pathways: 1) interferon signaling, 2) receptor recognition of bacteria and viruses, 3) G protein signaling, glycolysis and glycolytic shunting, 4) S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis, and 5) cAMP-mediated signaling including cAMP responsive element protein 1 (CREB1), as well as many other individual genes including hypoxia inducible factor 1, a subunit (HIF1A). The findings for CREB1 and HIF1A were confirmed by Q-PCR analysis. Conclusions: Our data indicate that EPA supplementation was associated with significant effects on gene expression involving the interferon pathway as well as down-regulation of CREB1 and HIF1A, which may relate to its beneficial effect on CVD risk reduction. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0021-9150 EI 1879-1484 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 241 IS 2 BP 400 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.015 UT WOS:000360100700016 PM 26074314 ER PT J AU da Silva, JF AF da Silva, Jessica Fonseca TI Dynamics of novel forests of Castilla elastica in Puerto Rico: from species to ecosystems SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Novel forests (NFs)forests that contain a combination of introduced and native speciesare a consequence of intense anthropogenic disturbances and the natural resilience of disturbed ecosystems. The extent to which NFs have similar forest function as comparable native secondary forests is a matter of debate in the scientific community. Little is known about the performance of individual species in those forests. This study focuses on the functional attributes of Castilla elastica NFs in Puerto Rico and on the differences between introduced and native species growing side by side in these forests. Rates of processes measured here were later compared with data from literature about NSFs. I hypothesize that juvenile plants of C.elastica in NFs have higher survival rate than those of native species and that C.elastica trees have faster biomass fluxes than native trees. To test the hypotheses, I measured survival rates of juvenile plants and tree growth and characterized the aboveground litter fluxes and storage. Although juvenile plants of native species displayed higher survival rates than those of C.elastica (53% vs. 28%), the latter was dominant in the understory (96%). Stand biomass growth rate was 2.0 +/- 0.4 (average +/- one standard deviation) Mgha(-1)year(-1) for the whole forest, and Guarea guidonia, a native species, exhibited the highest tree growth. Total litter fall was 9.6 +/- 0.5Mgha(-1)year(-1), and mean litter standing stock was 4.4 +/- 0.1Mgha(-1). Castilla elastica litter fall decomposed twice as fast as that of native species (5.8 +/- 1.1 vs. 3.03 +/- 1kyear(-1)). Literature comparisons show that the present NFs differ in some rates of processes from NSFs. This study brings unique and detailed supporting data about the ecological dynamics under mature novel forest stands. Further comprehensive studies about NFs are important to strengthen the body of knowledge about the wide range of variation of emerging tropical ecosystems. Due to the large increase in the area covered by NFs, greater attention is needed to understand their functioning, delivery of ecological services and management requirements. SN 2045-7758 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 16 BP 3299 EP 3311 DI 10.1002/ece3.1578 UT WOS:000360177400007 ER PT J AU Ceron-Souza, I Gonzalez, EG Schwarzbach, AE Salas-Leiva, DE Rivera-Ocasio, E Toro-Perea, N Bermingham, E McMillan, WO AF Ceron-Souza, Ivania Gonzalez, Elena G. Schwarzbach, Andrea E. Salas-Leiva, Dayana E. Rivera-Ocasio, Elsie Toro-Perea, Nelson Bermingham, Eldredge Owen McMillan, W. TI Contrasting demographic history and gene flow patterns of two mangrove species on either side of the Central American Isthmus SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Comparative phylogeography offers a unique opportunity to understand the interplay between past environmental events and life-history traits on diversification of unrelated but co-distributed species. Here, we examined the effects of the quaternary climate fluctuations and palaeomarine currents and present-day marine currents on the extant patterns of genetic diversity in the two most conspicuous mangrove species of the Neotropics. The black (Avicennia germinans, Avicenniaceae) and the red (Rhizophora mangle, Rhizophoraceae) mangroves have similar geographic ranges but are very distantly related and show striking differences on their life-history traits. We sampled 18 Atlantic and 26 Pacific locations for A.germinans (N=292) and R.mangle (N=422). We performed coalescence simulations using microsatellite diversity to test for evidence of population change associated with quaternary climate fluctuations. In addition, we examined whether patterns of genetic variation were consistent with the directions of major marine (historical and present day) currents in the region. Our demographic analysis was grounded within a phylogeographic framework provided by the sequence analysis of two chloroplasts and one flanking microsatellite region in a subsample of individuals. The two mangrove species shared similar biogeographic histories including: (1) strong genetic breaks between Atlantic and Pacific ocean basins associated with the final closure of the Central American Isthmus (CAI), (2) evidence for simultaneous population declines between the mid-Pleistocene and early Holocene, (3) asymmetric historical migration with higher gene flow from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans following the direction of the palaeomarine current, and (4) contemporary gene flow between West Africa and South America following the major Atlantic Ocean currents. Despite the remarkable differences in life-history traits of mangrove species, which should have had a strong influence on seed dispersal capability and, thus, population connectivity, we found that vicariant events, climate fluctuations and marine currents have shaped the distribution of genetic diversity in strikingly similar ways. RI Gonzalez, Elena/E-4465-2013 OI Gonzalez, Elena/0000-0002-4614-3889 SN 2045-7758 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 16 BP 3486 EP 3499 DI 10.1002/ece3.1569 UT WOS:000360177400022 PM 26380680 ER PT J AU Shortle, WC Smith, KT AF Shortle, Walter C. Smith, Kevin T. TI Wood Decay Fungi Restore Essential Calcium to Acidic Soils in Northern New England SO FORESTS AB The depletion of root-available calcium in northern forests soils exposed to decades of increased acid deposition adversely affects forest health and productivity. Laboratory studies indicated the potential of wood-decay fungi to restore lost calcium to the rooting zone of trees. This study reports changes in concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K during decay of sapwood of spruce, maple, hemlock, and birch at two locations in northern New England, USA. Concentrations of exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Al in decayed wood residues after 10 and 12 years of ground contact were also compared. Significant loss of mass indicated by decreasing wood density occurred after two to eight years in conifers and after only two years in hardwoods. A significant gain in wood K was observed at two years, but the gain was not sustained. A significant gain in Ca concentration occurred by six years and that gain was sustained for 12 years. Concentrations of Mg varied. No significant difference in exchangeable Ca concentration was observed between decayed wood residue of spruce and maple and the forest floor. However, decayed wood residue had a much lower molar Al/Ca ratio, a conditional characteristic of sites with high root-available Ca. SN 1999-4907 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 BP 2571 EP 2587 DI 10.3390/f6082571 UT WOS:000360319200005 ER PT J AU Amerson, HV Nelson, CD Kubisiak, TL Kuhlman, EG Garcia, SA AF Amerson, Henry V. Nelson, C. Dana Kubisiak, Thomas L. Kuhlman, E. George Garcia, Saul A. TI Identification of Nine Pathotype-Specific Genes Conferring Resistance to Fusiform Rust in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) SO FORESTS AB Nearly two decades of research on the host-pathogen interaction in fusiform rust of loblolly pine is detailed. Results clearly indicate that pathotype-specific genes in the host interacting with pathogen avirulence cause resistance as defined by the non-gall phenotype under favorable environmental conditions for disease development. In particular, nine fusiform rust resistance genes (Fr genes) are described here including the specific methods to determine each and their localization on the reference genetic map of loblolly pine. Understanding how these and other apparent Fr genes in loblolly pine and other rust-susceptible pines impact resistance screening, parental and progeny selection, and family and clonal deployment is an important area in forest genetics research and operational tree breeding. The documentation of these Fr genes is a key piece of information towards gaining that understanding and ultimately improving breeding and deployment strategies. SN 1999-4907 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 BP 2739 EP 2761 DI 10.3390/f6082739 UT WOS:000360319200013 ER PT J AU Seo, KH Kim, H Chon, JW Kim, DH Nah, SY Arvik, T Yokoyama, W AF Seo, Kun-Ho Kim, Hyunsook Chon, Jung-Whan Kim, Dong-Hyeon Nah, Seung-Yeol Arvik, Torey Yokoyama, Wallace TI Flavonoid-rich Chardonnay grape seed flour supplementation ameliorates diet-induced visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance via altered adipose tissue gene expression SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS AB The effect of flavonoid-rich wine grape seed flour, a byproduct of winemaking, on global adipose tissue gene expression and obesity-induced insulin resistance was assessed in high fat (HF) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. DIO mice were fed HF diet supplemented with either partially defatted Chardonnay grape seed flour (ChrSd) or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, control) for 5 weeks. ChrSd diet suppressed the HF diet-induced increase in total body, liver, and adipose tissue weights with a significant decrease in feed efficiency. ChrSd intake significantly lowered the 2-h insulin and glucose areas under the curve suggesting that ChrSd improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Gene expression profiling analysis of adipose tissue from mice fed a ChrSd diet, by exon microarray and RT-PCR, revealed a down-regulation of genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, immune response, protein carbonylation, and fatty acid synthesis. Conversely, genes related to the scavenging of free radicals, antioxidants, insulin sensitivity, and fatty acid oxidation, were up-regulated. Pathway analysis of microarray data identified genes related to innate immune response, inflammatory response, and infectious disease as being differentially regulated by the ChrSd diet. Thus, ChrSd ameliorates HF-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in DIO mice by modulating expression of genes in adipose tissue. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 1756-4646 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 17 BP 881 EP 891 DI 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.039 UT WOS:000360253300080 ER PT J AU Dryburgh, EL Marsh, AE Dubey, JP Howe, DK Reed, SM Bolten, KE Pei, W Saville, WJA AF Dryburgh, E. L. Marsh, A. E. Dubey, J. P. Howe, D. K. Reed, S. M. Bolten, K. E. Pei, W. Saville, W. J. A. TI SARCOCYST DEVELOPMENT IN RACCOONS (PROCYON LOTOR) INOCULATED WITH DIFFERENT STRAINS OF SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA CULTURE- DERIVED MEROZOITES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AB Sarcocystis neurona is considered the major etiologic agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), a neurological disease in horses. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) is considered the most important intermediate host in the life cycle of S. neurona in the United States; S. neurona sarcocysts do mature in raccoon muscles, and raccoons also develop clinical signs simulating EPM. The focus of this study was to determine if sarcocysts would develop in raccoons experimentally inoculated with different host-derived strains of in vitro-cultivated S. neurona merozoites. Four raccoons were inoculated with strains derived from a raccoon, a sea otter, a cat, and a horse. Raccoon tissues were fed to laboratory-raised opossums (Didelphis virginiana), the definitive host of S. neurona. Intestinal scraping revealed sporocysts in opossums who received muscle tissue from raccoons inoculated with the raccoon-derived or the sea otter-derived isolates. These results demonstrate that sarcocysts can mature in raccoons inoculated with in vitro-derived S. neurona merozoites. In contrast, the horse and cat-derived isolates did not produce microscopically or biologically detected sarcocysts. Immunoblot analysis revealed both antigenic and antibody differences when testing the inoculated raccoons. Immunohistochemical staining indicated differences in staining between the merozoite and sarcocyst stages. The successful infections achieved in this study indicates that the life cycle can be manipulated in the laboratory without affecting subsequent stage development, thereby allowing further purification of strains and artificial maintenance of the life cycle. SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 101 IS 4 BP 462 EP 467 DI 10.1645/15-718.1 UT WOS:000360297300010 PM 25811893 ER PT J AU Ager, AA Kline, JD Fischer, AP AF Ager, Alan A. Kline, Jeffrey D. Fischer, A. Paige TI Coupling the Biophysical and Social Dimensions of Wildfire Risk to Improve Wildfire Mitigation Planning SO RISK ANALYSIS AB We describe recent advances in biophysical and social aspects of risk and their potential combined contribution to improve mitigation planning on fire-prone landscapes. The methods and tools provide an improved method for defining the spatial extent of wildfire risk to communities compared to current planning processes. They also propose an expanded role for social science to improve understanding of community-wide risk perceptions and to predict property owners' capacities and willingness to mitigate risk by treating hazardous fuels and reducing the susceptibility of dwellings. In particular, we identify spatial scale mismatches in wildfire mitigation planning and their potential adverse impact on risk mitigation goals. Studies in other fire-prone regions suggest that these scale mismatches are widespread and contribute to continued wildfire dwelling losses. We discuss how risk perceptions and behavior contribute to scale mismatches and how they can be minimized through integrated analyses of landscape wildfire transmission and social factors that describe the potential for collaboration among landowners and land management agencies. These concepts are then used to outline an integrated socioecological planning framework to identify optimal strategies for local community risk mitigation and improve landscape-scale prioritization of fuel management investments by government entities. SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1393 EP 1406 DI 10.1111/risa.12373 UT WOS:000360413500001 PM 25968881 ER PT J AU Klotz, JL AF Klotz, James L. TI Activities and Effects of Ergot Alkaloids on Livestock Physiology and Production SO TOXINS AB Consumption of feedstuffs contaminated with ergot alkaloids has a broad impact on many different physiological mechanisms that alters the homeostasis of livestock. This change in homeostasis causes an increased sensitivity in livestock to perturbations in the ambient environment, resulting in an increased sensitivity to such stressors. This ultimately results in large financial losses in the form of production losses to livestock producers around the world. This review will focus on the underlying physiological mechanisms that are affected by ergot alkaloids that lead to decreases in livestock production. SN 2072-6651 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 2801 EP 2821 DI 10.3390/toxins7082801 UT WOS:000360202700007 PM 26226000 ER PT J AU Fountain, JC Scully, BT Chen, ZY Gold, SE Glenn, AE Abbas, HK Lee, RD Kemerait, RC Guo, B AF Fountain, Jake C. Scully, Brian T. Chen, Zhi-Yuan Gold, Scott E. Glenn, Anthony E. Abbas, Hamed K. Lee, R. Dewey Kemerait, Robert C. Guo, Baozhu TI Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Different Toxigenic and Atoxigenic Isolates of Aspergillus flavus SO TOXINS AB Drought stress in the field has been shown to exacerbate aflatoxin contamination of maize and peanut. Drought and heat stress also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant tissues. Given the potential correlation between ROS and exacerbated aflatoxin production under drought and heat stress, the objectives of this study were to examine the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress on the growth of different toxigenic (+) and atoxigenic (-) isolates of Aspergillus flavus and to test whether aflatoxin production affects the H2O2 concentrations that the isolates could survive. Ten isolates were tested: NRRL3357 (+), A9 (+), AF13 (+), Tox4 (+), A1 (-), K49 (-), K54A (-), AF36 (-), and Aflaguard (-); and one A. parasiticus isolate, NRRL2999 (+). These isolates were cultured under a H2O2 gradient ranging from 0 to 50 mM in two different media, aflatoxin-conducive yeast extract-sucrose (YES) and non-conducive yeast extract-peptone (YEP). Fungal growth was inhibited at a high H2O2 concentration, but specific isolates grew well at different H2O2 concentrations. Generally the toxigenic isolates tolerated higher concentrations than did atoxigenic isolates. Increasing H2O2 concentrations in the media resulted in elevated aflatoxin production in toxigenic isolates. In YEP media, the higher concentration of peptone (15%) partially inactivated the H2O2 in the media. In the 1% peptone media, YEP did not affect the H2O2 concentrations that the isolates could survive in comparison with YES media, without aflatoxin production. It is interesting to note that the commercial biocontrol isolates, AF36 (-), and Aflaguard (-), survived at higher levels of stress than other atoxigenic isolates, suggesting that this testing method could potentially be of use in the selection of biocontrol isolates. Further studies will be needed to investigate the mechanisms behind the variability among isolates with regard to their degree of oxidative stress tolerance and the role of aflatoxin production. SN 2072-6651 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 2985 EP 2999 DI 10.3390/toxins7082985 UT WOS:000360202700017 PM 26251922 ER PT J AU Mellon, JE AF Mellon, Jay E. TI Extracellular Xylanolytic and Pectinolytic Hydrolase Production by Aspergillus flavus Isolates Contributes to Crop Invasion SO TOXINS AB Several atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates, including some being used as biocontrol agents, and one toxigenic isolate were surveyed for the ability to produce extracellular xylanolytic and pectinolytic hydrolases. All of the tested isolates displayed good production of endoxylanases when grown on a medium utilizing larch xylan as a sole carbon substrate. Four of the tested isolates produced reasonably high levels of esterase activity, while the atoxigenic biocontrol agent NRRL 21882 isolate esterase level was significantly lower than the others. Atoxigenic A. flavus isolates 19, 22, K49, AF36 (the latter two are biocontrol agents) and toxigenic AF13 produced copious levels of pectinolytic activity when grown on a pectin medium. The pectinolytic activity levels of the atoxigenic A. flavus 17 and NRRL 21882 isolates were significantly lower than the other tested isolates. In addition, A. flavus isolates that displayed high levels of pectinolytic activity in the plate assay produced high levels of endopolygalacturonase (pectinase) P2c, as ascertained by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. Isolate NRRL 21882 displayed low levels of both pectinase P2c and pectin methyl esterase. A. flavus appears capable of producing these hydrolytic enzymes irrespective of aflatoxin production. This ability of atoxigenic isolates to produce xylanolytic and pectinolytic hydrolases mimics that of toxigenic isolates and, therefore, contributes to the ability of atoxigenic isolates to occupy the same niche as A. flavus toxigenic isolates. SN 2072-6651 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 3257 EP 3266 DI 10.3390/toxins7083257 UT WOS:000360202700031 PM 26295409 ER PT J AU Baranowski, T AF Baranowski, Tom TI Might Video Games Help Remedy Childhood Obesity? SO CHILDHOOD OBESITY OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 SN 2153-2168 EI 2153-2176 PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 11 IS 4 BP 331 EP 334 DI 10.1089/chi.2015.98999.tb UT WOS:000359839500001 PM 25978537 ER PT J AU Ebert, TA Backus, EA Cid, M Fereres, A Rogers, ME AF Ebert, Timothy A. Backus, Elaine A. Cid, Miguel Fereres, Alberto Rogers, Michael E. TI A new SAS program for behavioral analysis of electrical penetration graph data SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE AB Monitoring feeding behaviors of insects whose piercing-sucking mouthparts are inserted into plant tissue is often done by making the insect part of an electronic circuit, using a technique called Electrical Penetration Graph, or electropenetrography (both abbreviated EPG). Fluctuating voltage signals in the circuit are graphed, and resulting waveforms are interpreted by a researcher as specific stylet activities. After measurement of waveforms, data consist of a list of different behaviors and associated durations. These data are further processed to yield hundreds of variables that are compiled and statistically analyzed prior to publication. The goal of this study was to develop a program to make this process more efficient for studies of aphids and related species, given the large quantity of data expected to be generated. Herein, the three major existing programs that perform this function are reviewed. The oldest program (Backus 1.0) both compiles data and calculates a SAS-based statistical analysis; however it only works with the original, recorded variables and is not tailored to aphid studies. The other programs (EPG Calc and the Sarria Excel (R) workbook) compile a more diverse suite of derived variables suitable for aphids than does Backus 1.0; however, they do not include statistical analyses. A new program (Ebert 1.0) introduced herein uses SAS to calculate the diverse suite of derived variables for aphids, and also provides statistical analysis via powerful mixed-model ANOVA using a single software platform, similar to the Backus program. The code is open source, so that any researcher can adapt this program to deal with behavioral idiosyncrasies of a particular study insect. The new program will be especially valuable for large experiments with many insect subjects. The Backus 1.0 system for classifying variables required some modification in. order to deal with all the derived variables for aphids. The new classification system has five levels: Cohort, Insect, Probe, Waveform, and Event. Within each of these levels, variables can be sequential or non-sequential, and these are further subdivided into conditional and non-conditional. These changes will facilitate design of more complex experiments in the future, and the ultimate adaptation of this analysis technique designed around aphids for use with other organisms. There is supplemental material included with the manuscript to assist with understanding the nature of data generated using EPG methods, and the complex task of extracting knowledge from a vast quantity of data generated by these experiments. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 116 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2015.06.011 UT WOS:000359887500009 ER PT J AU Dearfield, KL AF Dearfield, K. L. TI Risk Assessment and Risk Management Decisions Based on Mutagenicity Data SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 56 SU 1 MA S29 BP S38 EP S38 UT WOS:000360226400029 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Goughnour, RB Hood, GR Forbes, AA Feder, JL AF Yee, Wee L. Goughnour, Robert B. Hood, Glen R. Forbes, Andrew A. Feder, Jeffrey L. TI Chilling and Host Plant/Site-Associated Eclosion Times of Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and a Host-Specific Parasitoid SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB The western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an endemic herbivore of bitter cherry, Prunus emarginata (Douglas ex Hooker) Eaton, but similar to 100 years ago established on earlier-fruiting domesticated sweet cherry, Prunus avium (L.) L. Here, we determined if eclosion times of adult R. indifferens from sweet and bitter cherry differ according to the phenology of their respective host plants and if eclosion times of the host-specific parasitoid Diachasma muliebre (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking bitter and sweet cherry flies differ according to the eclosion phenology of their fly hosts. Fly pupae from sweet and bitter cherry fruit were collected from sympatric and allopatric sites in Washington state, and chilled at 5 degrees C. Because timing of eclosion in R. indifferens depends on chill duration, eclosion time in wasps could also vary with chill duration. To account for this, fly pupae were chilled for 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, or 8 mo. Both flies and wasps eclosed earlier with longer chill durations. Eclosion times of sweet and bitter cherry flies from a sympatric site in central Washington did not differ. However, at allopatric sites in northwestern and central Washington, bitter cherry flies eclosed later than sweet and bitter cherry flies at the sympatric site. Correspondingly, D. muliebre parasitizing a more isolated bitter cherry fly population eclosed later than D. muliebre parasitizing earlier-emerging sweet and bitter cherry fly populations. These results provide evidence for D. muliebre rapidly responding to changes in host plant shifts by R. indifferens. SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1029 EP 1042 DI 10.1093/ee/nvv097 UT WOS:000359668100012 PM 26314048 ER PT J AU Prager, SM Wallis, C Trumble, JT AF Prager, Sean M. Wallis, Christopher Trumble, John T. TI Indirect Effects of One Plant Pathogen on the Transmission of a Second Pathogen and the Behavior of its Potato Psyllid Vector SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB Plant pathogens can influence the behavior and performance of insect herbivores. Studies of these associations typically focus on tripartite interactions between a plant host, a plant pathogen, and its insect vector. An unrelated herbivore or pathogen might influence such interactions. This study used a model system consisting of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli Sulc, and tomatoes to investigate multipartite interactions among a pathogen, a nonvector, and a plant host, and determine whether shifts in host physiology were behind potential interactions. Additionally, the ability of TMV to affect the success of another pathogen, 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum,' which is transmitted by the psyllid, was studied. In choice trials, psyllids preferred nearly fourfold noninfected plants to TMV-infected plants. No-choice bioassays demonstrated that there was no difference in psyllid development between TMV-infected and control plants; oviposition was twice as high on control plants. Following inoculation by psyllids, 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' titers were lower in TMV-infected plants than control plants. TMV-infected plants had lower levels of amino acids and sugars but little differences in phenolics and terpenoids, relative to control plants. Possibly, these changes in sugars are associated with a reduction in psyllid attractiveness in TMV-infected tomatoes resulting in decreased infection of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum.' SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1075 DI 10.1093/ee/nvv081 UT WOS:000359668100015 PM 26314051 ER PT J AU Varga, E Wiesenberger, G Hametner, C Ward, TJ Dong, YH Schofbeck, D McCormick, S Broz, K Stuckler, R Schuhmacher, R Krska, R Kistler, HC Berthiller, F Adam, G AF Varga, Elisabeth Wiesenberger, Gerlinde Hametner, Christian Ward, Todd J. Dong, Yanhong Schoefbeck, Denise McCormick, Susan Broz, Karen Stueckler, Romana Schuhmacher, Rainer Krska, Rudolf Kistler, H. Corby Berthiller, Franz Adam, Gerhard TI New tricks of an old enemy: isolates of Fusarium graminearum produce a type A trichothecene mycotoxin SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB The ubiquitous filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum causes the important disease Fusarium head blight on various species of cereals, leading to contamination of grains with mycotoxins. In a survey of F.graminearum (sensu stricto) on wheat in North America several novel strains were isolated, which produced none of the known trichothecene mycotoxins despite causing normal disease symptoms. In rice cultures, a new trichothecene mycotoxin (named NX-2) was characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements identified NX-2 as 3-acetoxy-7,15-dihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene. Compared with the well-known 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), it lacks the keto group at C-8 and hence is a type A trichothecene. Wheat ears inoculated with the isolated strains revealed a 10-fold higher contamination with its deacetylated form, named NX-3, (up to 540mgkg(-1)) compared with NX-2. The toxicities of the novel mycotoxins were evaluated utilizing two in vitro translation assays and the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. NX-3 inhibits protein biosynthesis to almost the same extent as the prominent mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, while NX-2 is far less toxic, similar to 3-ADON. Genetic analysis revealed a different TRI1 allele in the N-isolates, which was verified to be responsible for the difference in hydroxylation at C-8. OI Broz, Karen/0000-0001-7928-7216; Varga, Elisabeth/0000-0001-6046-3259 SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2588 EP 2600 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12718 UT WOS:000360048800004 PM 25403493 ER PT J AU Malmierca, MG McCormick, SP Cardoza, RE Alexander, NJ Monte, E Gutierrez, S AF Malmierca, Monica G. McCormick, Susan P. Cardoza, Rosa E. Alexander, Nancy J. Monte, Enrique Gutierrez, Santiago TI Production of trichodiene by Trichoderma harzianum alters the perception of this biocontrol strain by plants and antagonized fungi SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB Trichothecenes are phytotoxic sesquiterpenic mycotoxins that can act as virulence factors in plant diseases. Harzianum A (HA) is a non-phytotoxic trichothecene produced by Trichoderma arundinaceum. The first step in HA biosynthesis is the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to trichodiene (TD), a volatile organic compound (VOC), catalysed by a sesquiterpene synthase encoded by the tri5 gene. Expression of tri5 in the biocontrol strain Trichoderma harzianumCECT 2413 resulted in production of TD in parallel with a reduction of ergosterol biosynthesis and an unexpected increase in the level of squalene. Transformants expressing tri5 displayed low chitinase activity and induced expression of Botrytis cinereaBOT genes, although their total antagonistic potential against phytopathogenic fungi was not reduced. VOCs released by the tri5-transformant induced expression of tomato defence genes related to salicylic acid (SA), and TD itself strongly induced the expression of SA-responsive genes and reduced the development of lateral roots. Together, these results suggest that TD acts as a signalling VOC in the interactions of Trichoderma with plants and other microorganisms by modulating the perception of this fungus to a given environment. Moreover, the TD ability to induce systemic defences indicates that complex trichothecene structures may not be necessary for inducing such responses. RI Gutierrez, Santiago/H-6456-2015; Monte, Enrique/A-9008-2017 OI Gutierrez, Santiago/0000-0001-6659-1390; Monte, Enrique/0000-0002-0166-5181 SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2628 EP 2646 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12506 UT WOS:000360048800007 PM 24813508 ER PT J AU Kepler, RM Ugine, TA Maul, JE Cavigelli, MA Rehner, SA AF Kepler, Ryan M. Ugine, Todd A. Maul, Jude E. Cavigelli, Michel A. Rehner, Stephen A. TI Community composition and population genetics of insect pathogenic fungi in the genus Metarhizium from soils of a long-term agricultural research system SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB Fungi in the genus Metarhizium are insect pathogens able to function in other niches, including soil and plant rhizosphere habitats. In agroecosystems, cropping and tillage practices influence soil fungal communities with unknown effects on the distribution of Metarhizium, whose presence can reduce populations of crop pests. We report results from a selective media survey of Metarhizium in soils sampled from a long-term experimental farming project in the mid-Atlantic region. Field plots under soybean cultivation produced higher numbers of Metarhizium colony-forming units (cfu) than corn or alfalfa. Plots managed organically and via chisel-till harboured higher numbers of Metarhizium cfu than no-till plots. Sequence typing of Metarhizium isolates revealed four species, with M.robertsii and M.brunneum predominating. The M.brunneum population was essentially fixed for a single clone as determined by multilocus microsatellite genotyping. In contrast, M.robertsii was found to contain significant diversity, with the majority of isolates distributed between two principal clades. Evidence for recombination was observed only in the most abundant clade. These findings illuminate multiple levels of Metarhizium diversity that can be used to inform strategies by which soil Metarhizium populations may be manipulated to exert downward pressure on pest insects and promote plant health. SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2791 EP 2804 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12778 UT WOS:000360048800018 PM 25627647 ER PT J AU Xu, LS Xiang, MC White, D Chen, WD AF Xu, Liangsheng Xiang, Meichun White, David Chen, Weidong TI pH dependency of sclerotial development and pathogenicity revealed by using genetically defined oxalate-minus mutants of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB The devastating plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum produces copious (up to 50mM) amounts of oxalic acid, which, for over a quarter century, has been claimed as the pathogenicity determinant based on UV-induced mutants that concomitantly lost oxalate production and pathogenicity. Such a claim was made without fulfilling the molecular Koch's postulates because the UV mutants are genetically undefined and harbour a developmental defect in sclerotial production. Here, we generated oxalate-minus mutants of S.sclerotiorum using two independent mutagenesis techniques, and tested the resulting mutants for growth at different pHs and for pathogenicity on four host plants. The oxalate-minus mutants accumulated fumaric acid, produced functional sclerotia and have reduced ability to acidify the environment. The oxalate-minus mutants retained pathogenicity on plants, but their virulence varied depending on the pH and buffering capacity of host tissue. Acidifying the host tissue enhanced virulence of the oxalate-minus mutants, whereas supplementing with oxalate did not. These results suggest that it is low pH, not oxalic acid itself, that establishes the optimum conditions for growth, reproduction, pathogenicity and virulence expression of S.sclerotiorum. Exonerating oxalic acid as the primary pathogenicity determinant will stimulate research into identifying additional candidates as pathogenicity factors towards better understanding and managing Sclerotinia diseases. SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2896 EP 2909 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12818 UT WOS:000360048800025 PM 25720941 ER PT J AU McHugh, T Krochta, JM AF McHugh, Tara Krochta, John M. TI A Tribute to Peter Clark-A Leader in Food Processing SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY SN 0015-6639 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 69 IS 8 BP 79 EP 81 UT WOS:000359894800018 ER PT J AU Lu, SW Turgeon, BG Edwards, MC AF Lu, Shunwen Turgeon, B. Gillian Edwards, Michael C. TI A ToxA-like protein from Cochliobolus heterostrophus induces light-dependent leaf necrosis and acts as a virulence factor with host selectivity on maize SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY AB ToxA, the first discovered fungal proteinaceous host-selective toxin (HST), was originally identified in 1989 from the tan spot fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr). About 25 years later, a homolog was identified in the leaf/glume blotch fungus Stagonospora nodorum (Parastagonospora nodorum), also a pathogen of wheat. Here we report the identification and function of a ToxA-like protein from the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Ch) that possesses necrosis-inducing activity specifically against maize. ChToxA is encoded by a 535-bp open reading frame featuring a ToxA-specific intron with unusual splicing sites (5'-ATAAGT...TAC-3') at conserved positions relative to PtrToxA. The protein shows 64% similarity to PtrToxA and is predicted to adopt a similar three-dimensional structure, although lacking the arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) motif reported to be required for internalization into sensitive wheat mesophyll cells. Reverse-transcriptase PCR revealed that the ChTOXA gene expression is up-regulated in planta, relative to axenic culture. Plant assays indicated that the recombinant ChToxA protein induces light-dependent leaf necrosis in a host-selective manner on maize inbred lines. Gene deletion experiments confirmed that ChtoxA mutants are reduced in virulence on specific ChToxA-sensitive maize lines, relative to virulence caused by wild-type strains. Database searches identified potential ChToxA homologues in other plant-pathogenic ascomycetes. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the corresponding ToxA-like proteins include one member recently shown to be associated with formation of penetration hypha. These results provide the first evidence that C. heterostrophus is capable of producing proteinaceous HSTs as virulence factors in addition to well-known secondary metabolite-type toxins produced biosynthetically by polyketide synthase megaenzymes. Further studies on ChToxA may provide new insights into effector evolution in host-pathogen interactions. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 81 BP 12 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.05.013 UT WOS:000359885200002 PM 26051492 ER PT J AU Cary, JW Uka, V Han, Z Buyst, D Harris-Coward, PY Ehrlich, KC Wei, QJ Bhatnagar, D Dowd, PF Martens, SL Calvo, AM Martins, JC Vanhaecke, L Coenye, T De Saeger, S Di Mavungu, JD AF Cary, Jeffrey W. Uka, Valdet Han, Zheng Buyst, Dieter Harris-Coward, Pamela Y. Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Wei, Qijian Bhatnagar, Deepak Dowd, Patrick F. Martens, Stacey L. Calvo, Ana M. Martins, Jose C. Vanhaecke, Lynn Coenye, Tom De Saeger, Sarah Di Mavungu, Jose Diana TI An Aspergillus flavus secondary metabolic gene cluster containing a hybrid PKS-NRPS is necessary for synthesis of the 2-pyridones, leporins SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY AB The genome of the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus flavus, has been shown to harbor as many as 56 putative secondary metabolic gene clusters including the one responsible for production of the toxic and carcinogenic, polyketide synthase (PKS)-derived aflatoxins. Except for the production of aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid and several other metabolites the capability for metabolite production of most of these putative clusters is unknown. We investigated the regulation of expression of the PKS-non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) containing cluster 23 and determined that it produces homologs of the known 2-pyridone leporin A. Inactivation and overexpression of a cluster 23 gene encoding a putative Zn(2)-Cys(6) transcription factor (AFLA_066900, lepE) resulted in downregulation of nine and up-regulation of 8, respectively, of the fifteen SMURF-predicted cluster 23 genes thus allowing delineation of the cluster. Overexpression of lepE (OE::lepE) resulted in transformants displaying orange-red pigmented hyphae. Mass spectral analysis of A. flavus OE::lepE extracts identified the known 2-pyridone metabolite, leporin B, as well as the previously unreported dehydroxy-precursor, leporin C. We provide strong evidence that leporin B forms a unique trimeric complex with iron, not found previously for other 2-pyridones. This iron complex demonstrated antiinsectan and antifeedant properties similar to those previously found for leporin A. The OE::lepE strain showed reduced levels of conidia and sclerotia suggesting that unscheduled leporin production affects fungal developmental programs. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 81 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.05.010 UT WOS:000359885200009 PM 26051490 ER PT J AU Takuno, S Ralph, P Swarts, K Elshire, RJ Glaubitz, JC Buckler, ES Hufford, MB Ross-Ibarra, J AF Takuno, Shohei Ralph, Peter Swarts, Kelly Elshire, Rob J. Glaubitz, Jeffrey C. Buckler, Edward S. Hufford, Matthew B. Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey TI Independent Molecular Basis of Convergent Highland Adaptation in Maize SO GENETICS AB Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits in different species or lineages of the same species; this often is a result of adaptation to similar environments, a process referred to as convergent adaptation. We investigate here the molecular basis of convergent adaptation in maize to highland climates in Mesoamerica and South America, using genome-wide SNP data. Taking advantage of archaeological data on the arrival of maize to the highlands, we infer demographic models for both populations, identifying evidence of a strong bottleneck and rapid expansion in South America. We use these models to then identify loci showing an excess of differentiation as a means of identifying putative targets of natural selection and compare our results to expectations from recently developed theory on convergent adaptation. Consistent with predictions across a wide parameter space, we see limited evidence for convergent evolution at the nucleotide level in spite of strong similarities in overall phenotypes. Instead, we show that selection appears to have predominantly acted on standing genetic variation and that introgression from wild teosinte populations appears to have played a role in highland adaptation in Mexican maize. OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Elshire, Robert/0000-0003-1753-6920 SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 200 IS 4 BP 1297 EP + DI 10.1534/genetics.115.178327 UT WOS:000359917000025 PM 26078279 ER PT J AU Rahmani, MS Pijut, PM Shabanian, N Nasri, M AF Rahmani, Mohammad-Shafie Pijut, Paula M. Shabanian, Naghi Nasri, Mona TI Genetic fidelity assessment of in vitro-regenerated plants of Albizia julibrissin using SCoT and IRAP fingerprinting SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT AB A protocol was established for callus induction and plant regeneration of Albizia julibrissin Durazz., a multipurpose tree. Calli were induced on hypocotyl explants excised from 10- to 14-d-old in vitro seedlings cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) alone or in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin). The highest frequency of organogenic callus (82.2 +/- 3.6%) was obtained on MS medium with 10.8 mu M NAA and 4.4 mu M BA. Calli were then cultured on MS medium with BA or zeatin, singly or in combination, for shoot regeneration. Calli cultured on MS medium with 13.2 mu M BA and 4.6 mu M zeatin produced the highest frequency of adventitious shoot regeneration (75.3 +/- 6.3%). Maximum rooting of shoots (73.3 +/- 5%) was achieved using half-strength MS medium with 4.9 mu M indole-3-butyric acid. The genetic fidelity of 12 plants acclimatized to the greenhouse was assessed based on analyses of start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism and inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP). The 14 SCoT and 7 IRAP adapted primers produced 71 and 34 scoreable fragments, of which 33 (46%) and 12 (35%) were polymorphic, respectively. The in vitro-raised plants exhibited 0.129-0.438 genetic distance from the mother plant and 0.000-0.788 distance from one another according to the SCoT and IRAP analyses. Although the culture method described here may not be suitable for clonal propagation of elite genotypes, it can be used for conservation of this plant. RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 407 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s11627-015-9692-y UT WOS:000359929900004 ER PT J AU Zhang, JM Huang, B Zhang, XN Volk, GM Zhou, YC Chen, XL AF Zhang, Jin-Mei Huang, Bin Zhang, Xiao-Ning Volk, Gayle M. Zhou, Yuan-Chang Chen, Xiao-Ling TI Identification of a highly successful cryopreservation method (droplet-vitrification) for petunia SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT AB Petunia (Petunia x hybrida Vilm.) is an important horticultural crop conserved in the National Genebank of China. Here, a droplet-vitrification cryopreservation protocol was developed for petunia shoot tips. An orthogonal array experiment and additional one-factor experiments were performed to optimize key variables, including the age of in vitro plants, the concentration of sucrose in the preculture solution, the preculture duration, the duration of osmoprotection (2.0 M glycerol and 0.4 M sucrose), the length of exposure to and concentration of plant vitrification solution 2 (30% glycerol, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide, 15% ethylene glycol, and 0.4 M sucrose), and the recovery medium. By using the combined results of the orthogonal and one-factor experiments, the droplet-vitrification procedure for petunia cultivar Niu 2 was formulated efficiently and effectively. The highest regrowth levels were obtained using the following procedure: shoot tips were dissected from in vitro plantlets that were 20 d old, precultured in MS liquid medium with 0.2 M sucrose solution for 2 d, incubated with osmoprotection solution for 30 min at 25A degrees C, cryoprotected with PVS2 for 30 min at 0A degrees C, and rapidly immersed in liquid nitrogen. Cryopreserved shoot tips were then diluted in MS liquid medium with 1.2 M sucrose for 20 min at 25A degrees C and regrown on solidified MS basal medium with half concentration of NH4NO3, KH2PO4, KNO3, and sucrose. Regrowth levels were as high as 80%. No morphological changes were observed and amplification of 15 simple sequence repeats revealed no genetic alterations after cryopreservation. SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s11627-015-9704-y UT WOS:000359929900008 ER PT J AU Samuel, JP Cooper, CL Sivaguru, M Samboju, NC Sastry-Dent, L Webb, SR Leary, JF AF Samuel, J. Pon Cooper, Christy L. Sivaguru, Mayandi Samboju, N. Chary Sastry-Dent, Lakshmi Webb, Steven R. Leary, James F. TI Quantum-dot Carrier Peptide Conjugates for Plant Cell Imaging and Delivery Applications. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT CT In Vitro Biology Meeting CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Soc In Vitro Biol SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 MA P-3008 BP 495 EP 496 UT WOS:000359929900027 ER PT J AU Bajgain, P Rouse, MN Bhavani, S Anderson, JA AF Bajgain, Prabin Rouse, Matthew N. Bhavani, Sridhar Anderson, James A. TI QTL mapping of adult plant resistance to Ug99 stem rust in the spring wheat population RB07/MN06113-8 SO MOLECULAR BREEDING AB The emergence and spread of the Ug99 race group of the stem rust pathogen (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici) in the past decade have exposed the vulnerability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to this disease. Discovery of novel and effective sources of resistance is vital for breeding resistant varieties to avert losses. The experimental breeding lineMN06113-8 and cultivar RB07 developed by the University of Minnesota wheat breeding program exhibited adult plant resistance (APR) to the Ug99 race group in field tests in Kenya and Ethiopia. Both lines were found to be susceptible at the seedling stage to isolates of the race TTKSK, TTKST, and TTTSK. To dissect the genetic mechanism of resistance present in these lines, MN06113-8 was crossed to RB07 to generate 141 F-6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The RIL population was evaluated for APR to Ug99 in Kenya and Ethiopia over three seasons and for resistance to North American stem rust pathogen races in St. Paul, MN, in one season. The population was genotyped using high-throughput SNP genotyping assays. Composite interval mapping detected six quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in APR to African stem rust races and three QTLs involved in stem rust resistance to North American stem rust races. One QTL located on chromosome 2B was associated with APR to stem rust races in all environments. Development of diagnostic markers linked to this gene will facilitate marker-assisted selection of resistant lines to develop varieties with enhanced levels of stem rust resistance. RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011; OI bhavani, sridhar/0000-0002-4091-2608 SN 1380-3743 EI 1572-9788 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 8 AR 170 DI 10.1007/s11032-015-0362-x UT WOS:000360005100018 ER PT J AU Kim, M Song, JT Bilyeu, KD Lee, JD AF Kim, Minsu Song, Jong Tae Bilyeu, Kristin D. Lee, Jeong-Dong TI A new low linolenic acid allele of GmFAD3A gene in soybean PE1690 SO MOLECULAR BREEDING AB Relative fatty acid content of soybean oil is about 12 % palmitic acid, 4 % stearic acid, 23 % oleic acid, 54 % linoleic acid, and 8 % linolenic acid. To improve oxidative stability and quality of oil, breeding programs have mainly focused on reducing saturated fatty acids, increasing oleic acid, and reducing linolenic acid in soybean oil. The objective of this study was to characterize the low linolenic acid trait in seed oil of PE1690, which was derived from an ethyl methanesulfonated-mediated mutagenesis. PE1690 DNA was used to examine the genomic sequence of a candidate gene, and we found a point mutation which substituted guanine to adenine in the second intron splice site of the GmFAD3A gene. Mutation of PE1690 at the first base of the second intron caused missplicing which led to the inclusion of 334 bp of the second intron into the coding sequence. The amino acid sequence of the mutant was analyzed based on cDNA sequence of GmFAD3A in PE1690. The position 128 amino acid, which codes for tryptophan (TGG) in PE1690, was changed to a premature stop codon (TGA). Therefore, the single base mutation in the PE1690 GmFAD3A gene renders the desaturase enzyme nonfunctional. Based on a genetic marker that we developed, the association of the PE1690 derived GmFAD3A allele with linolenic acid level was tested in 89 F-2 progeny of a cross between Pungsannamul (wild type) 9 PE1690. The results showed that the mutation of GmFAD3A in PE1690 was associated with reduced linolenic acid content in the soybean seed oil. A newly developed low linolenic acid soybean PE1690 provides a good genetic resource to improve the quality of soybean oil. SN 1380-3743 EI 1572-9788 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 8 AR 155 DI 10.1007/s11032-015-0352-z UT WOS:000360005100009 ER PT J AU Schlautman, B Covarrubias-Pazaran, G Diaz-Garcia, LA Johnson-Cicalese, J Iorrizo, M Rodriguez-Bonilla, L Bougie, T Bougie, T Wiesman, E Steffan, S Polashock, J Vorsa, N Zalapa, J AF Schlautman, Brandon Covarrubias-Pazaran, Giovanny Diaz-Garcia, Luis A. Johnson-Cicalese, Jennifer Iorrizo, Massimo Rodriguez-Bonilla, Lorraine Bougie, Tierney Bougie, Tiffany Wiesman, Eric Steffan, Shawn Polashock, James Vorsa, Nicholi Zalapa, Juan TI Development of a high-density cranberry SSR linkage map for comparative genetic analysis and trait detection SO MOLECULAR BREEDING AB Since its domestication 200 years ago, breeding of the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) has relied on phenotypic selection because applicable resources for molecular improvement strategies such as marker-assisted selection (MAS) remain limited. To enable MAS in cranberry, the first high-density SSR linkage map with 541 markers representing all 12 cranberry chromosomes was constructed for the CNJ02-1 progeny from a cross of elite cultivars, CNJ97-105-4 and NJ98-23. The population was phenotyped for a 3-year period for total yield (TY), mean fruit weight (MFW), and biennial bearing index (BBI), and data were analyzed using mixed models and best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs). Significant differences between genotypes were observed for all traits. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses using BLUPs identified four MFW QTL on three linkage groups (LGs), three TY QTL on three LGs, and one BBI QTL which colocalized with a TY QTL. Local BLAST of a cranberry nuclear genome assembly identified homologous sequences for the mapped SSRs which were then anchored to 12 pseudo-chromosomes using the linkage map information. Analyses comparing coding regions (CDS) anchored in the cranberry linkage map with grape, kiwifruit, and tomato genomes were performed. Moderate micro-synteny between the cranberry and kiwifruit genomes was detected, although none of the regions overlapped with the QTL identified in this study. The linkage map, QTL, and elite genotypic constitutions identified herein may be applied in subsequent cranberry MAS programs for the development of new cultivars, and potential marker transferability should allow for comparative genomic studies within economically important Vaccinium species. OI COVARRUBIAS-PAZARAN, GIOVANNY/0000-0002-7194-3837 SN 1380-3743 EI 1572-9788 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 8 AR 177 DI 10.1007/s11032-015-0367-5 UT WOS:000360005100023 ER PT J AU Shi, Z Bachleda, N Pham, AT Bilyeu, K Shannon, G Nguyen, H Li, ZL AF Shi, Zi Bachleda, Nicole Pham, Anh T. Bilyeu, Kristin Shannon, Grover Nguyen, Henry Li, Zenglu TI High-throughput and functional SNP detection assays for oleic and linolenic acids in soybean SO MOLECULAR BREEDING AB Soybean is a primary source of vegetable oil, accounting for 53 % of the total vegetable oil consumption in the USA in 2013. Soybean oil with high oleic acid and low linolenic acid content is desired, because it not only improves the oxidative stability of the oil, but also reduces the amount of undesirable trans fat production by the hydrogenation processing. The mutant FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B alleles contribute to an elevated oleic acid level, while mutations in FAD3A and FAD3C lead to a reduction in linolenic acid levels of soybean seed oil. Although single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) SimpleProbe assays have been developed for these genes, breeder-friendly and high-throughput marker systems are needed for large-scale selections in soybean breeding programs. TaqMan or Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR assays were successfully developed to detect and discriminate mutant alleles of FAD2-1A (17D and PI 603452 sources) and FAD2-1B (PI 283327 source) for the high oleic acid trait, as well as those of FAD3A (CX1512-44 and C1640 sources) and FAD3C (CX1512-44 source) for low linolenic acid content soybean. The accuracy of the assays was validated using multiple populations as well as a panel of diverse soybean lines, and a perfect association was observed between the SNP alleles and their corresponding fatty acid phenotypes. These marker assays have been proven to be robust and reliable for detecting mutant and wild-type alleles and thus will assist forward and backcrossing breeding of soybean lines with desired oil profiles in an accurate and efficient manner. SN 1380-3743 EI 1572-9788 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 8 AR 176 DI 10.1007/s11032-015-0368-4 UT WOS:000360005100024 ER PT J AU Tausch, RJ AF Tausch, Robin J. TI A STRUCTURALLY BASED ANALYTIC MODEL OF GROWTH AND BIOMASS DYNAMICS IN SINGLE SPECIES STANDS OF CONIFERS SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING AB A theoretically based analytic model of plant growth in single species conifer communities based on the species fully occupying a site and fully using the site resources is introduced. Model derivations result in a single equation simultaneously describes changes over both, different site conditions (or resources available), and over time for each variable for each species. Leaf area or biomass, or a related plant community measurement, such as site class, can be used as an indicator of available site resources. Relationships over time (years) are determined by the interaction between a stable foliage biomass in balance with site resources, and by the increase in the total heterotrophic biomass of the stand with increasing tree size. This structurally based, analytic model describes the relationships between plant growth and each species' functional depth for foliage, its mature crown size, and stand dynamics, including the self-thinning. Stand table data for seven conifer species are used for verification of the model. Results closely duplicate those data for each variable and species. Assumptions used provide a basis for interpreting variations within and between the species. Better understanding of the relationships between the MacArthur consumer resource model, the Chapman-Richards growth functions, the metabolic theory of ecology, and stand development resulted. SN 0890-8575 EI 1939-7445 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 28 IS 3 BP 289 EP 320 DI 10.1111/nrm.12069 UT WOS:000360094900005 ER PT J AU Nakao, M Lavikainen, A Hoberg, E AF Nakao, Minoru Lavikainen, Antti Hoberg, Eric TI Is Echinococcus intermedius a valid species? SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY SN 1471-4922 EI 1471-5007 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 31 IS 8 BP 342 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2015.04.012 UT WOS:000359876700002 PM 26101150 ER PT J AU Miller, JC Scheuring, DC Koym, JW Holm, DG Pavek, JJ Novy, RG Whitworth, JL Stark, JC Charlton, BA Yilma, S Knowles, NR Pavek, MJ Nunez, JJ Shock, CC Brown, CR AF Miller, J. C., Jr. Scheuring, D. C. Koym, J. W. Holm, D. G. Pavek, J. J. Novy, R. G. Whitworth, J. L. Stark, J. C. Charlton, B. A. Yilma, S. Knowles, N. R. Pavek, M. J. Nunez, J. J. Shock, C. C. Brown, C. R. TI ATTX961014-1R/Y a.k.a. Sierra Rose(TM): A Red-Skin, Yellow-Flesh Potato Cultivar for the Specialty/Gourmet Market SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH AB ATTX961014-1R/Y is a high yielding, red- skin, yellow- flesh cultivar which was released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research in 2012. It resulted from a cross of A90601-2RDY(a (TM) Euro) by Mazama(a (TM),). ATTX961014-1R/Y is susceptible to late blight (Phytophthora infestans), potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), and potato virus Y (PVY). It is moderately susceptible to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani). In addition to attractive tubers, ATTX961014-1R/Y produces excellent tuber size distribution, with high yields of 4-6-oz (113-170-g) tubers that are desirable for the gourmet/specialty market, and low yields of over-size and cull tubers. Cooking and culinary qualities meet or exceed Yukon Gold, Red LaSoda, and Dark Red Norland. ATTX961014-1R/Y received the highest average fresh merit scores in both the Southwestern and Western Regional Trials. SN 1099-209X EI 1874-9380 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 92 IS 4 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.1007/s12230-015-9460-x UT WOS:000359811700004 ER PT J AU Mackay, DS Eck, PK Rideout, TC Baer, DJ Jones, PJH AF Mackay, Dylan S. Eck, Peter K. Rideout, Todd C. Baer, David J. Jones, Peter J. H. TI Cholesterol ester transfer protein polymorphism rs5882 is associated with triglyceride-lowering in response to plant sterol consumption SO APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM AB Recent work suggests that plant sterol (PS) consumption may lower triglyceride (TG) concentrations; however, human clinical trial evidence is inconsistent. We associated SNP r5882 in cholesteryl ester transfer protein with changes in TG concentrations following PS consumption (2 g/day for 4 weeks) in a dual-centre, single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. TG concentrations were lowered in homozygotes for the minor G-allele of rs5882 (-0.46 +/- 0.13 mmol/L, p = 0.002, n = 10); there was no effect in the A-allele carriers. RI MacKay, Dylan/B-6712-2012; OI MacKay, Dylan/0000-0002-0751-1634; Eck, Peter/0000-0003-2371-9774 SN 1715-5312 EI 1715-5320 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 40 IS 8 BP 846 EP 849 DI 10.1139/apnm-2015-0039 UT WOS:000359261900014 PM 26244602 ER PT J AU Nelson, DM Braham, M Miller, TA Duerr, AE Cooper, J Lanzone, M Lemaitre, J Katzner, T AF Nelson, David M. Braham, Melissa Miller, Tricia A. Duerr, Adam E. Cooper, Jeff Lanzone, Michael Lemaitre, Jerome Katzner, Todd TI Stable hydrogen isotopes identify leapfrog migration, degree of connectivity, and summer distribution of Golden Eagles in eastern North America SO CONDOR AB Knowledge of the distribution and movements of populations of migratory birds is useful for the effective conservation and management of biodiversity. However, such information is often unavailable because of the difficulty of tracking sufficient numbers of individuals. We used more easily obtained feather stable hydrogen isotope ratios (delta H-2) to predict the summer grounds of the small, threatened, and migratory population of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. We then identified summer locations and the extent of migratory connectivity for this population. We collected delta H-2 (delta H-2(f)), stable carbon isotope (delta C-13), and stable nitrogen isotope (delta N-15) data from the body feathers of 47 juvenile, subadult, and adult Golden Eagles. Values of delta C-13 and delta N-15 suggested that all but 2 birds obtained food from terrestrial-based food webs and therefore that delta H-2 data were appropriate for inferring the geographic region of molt for the majority of birds. There was relatively large interfeather variation in the delta H-2 values of subadults vs. adults, suggesting that these groups molted at different times and places. The most negative delta H-2(f) values from birds with known summering grounds exhibited (1) a negative correlation with their summering latitude, and (2) a positive correlation with amount-weighted delta H-2 values of May-August precipitation at the summer location. These data validate the use of delta H-2(f) values for inferring the summer locations of Golden Eagles of unknown origin. Likelihood-of-origin maps derived from delta H-2(f) values revealed that (1) the majority of birds spent the breeding season in central Quebec and Labrador, and (2) birds that wintered at southern latitudes, from approximately northern Alabama to southwestern Virginia, migrated about twice the distance of birds that wintered at northern latitudes, from Pennsylvania to New York. We observed a positive relationship between delta H-2(f) values and the latitude of the wintering location, which, along with the likelihood-of-origin maps, revealed moderate patterns of leapfrog migration and migratory connectivity. RI Nelson, David/D-5596-2009; OI Nelson, David/0000-0003-2755-5535; Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 117 IS 3 BP 414 EP 429 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-209.1 UT WOS:000359738900010 ER PT J AU Swanson, FJ AF Swanson, Frederick J. TI Confluence of arts, humanities, and science at sites of long-term ecological inquiry SO ECOSPHERE AB Over the past century, ecology, the arts, and humanities diverged, but are now converging again, especially at sites of long-term, place-based ecological inquiry. This convergence has been inspired in part by the works of creative, boundary-spanning individuals and the long-standing examples of arts-humanities programs in intriguing landscapes, such as artist and writer residencies of the National Park Service and the National Science Foundation's Antarctic program. In the past decade many US biological field stations, marine laboratories, and Long-Term Ecological Research sites have substantially increased the presence of arts and humanities in their programs for reasons both practical (e.g., public outreach, increasing student and class offerings) and fundamental (e.g., foster creativity within individuals and research teams, collect a record of artistic/humanities engagement with place). Motivations include communicating about science agencies' missions, the scientific process, and science discoveries to the public who support the research work. The overarching accomplishment of this work has been to advance near-term "science outreach,'' but some of this work can be viewed as "basic'' arts and humanities in the sense that its impacts won't be known for a long time. A next challenge is for interdisciplinary teams to address complex problems, which falls in the "intellectual merit'' realm of the National Science Foundation evaluation criteria. The growing body of works at the ecology-arts-humanities interface will be a valuable resource for future study of science-society-nature relations. These efforts potentially contribute to initiatives emerging from the ecological sciences community that seek greater connection with society-initiatives promoting sustainability and stewardship, and the practice of science citizenship, such as development of future scenario projects and regional conservation plans. Despite the large number of programs undertaking these collaborations, their existence is a well-kept secret with little representation on individual site websites and no organized network to support the work. The strong, grassroots emergence of arts, humanities, and science collaborations at sites of long-term ecological inquiry signals a recognition that these are places of cultural as well as scientific work. Their appearance late in ESA's first century may foreshadow an important role for such endeavors in the next century of ESA. SN 2150-8925 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 AR 132 DI 10.1890/ES15-00139.1 UT WOS:000359645200004 ER PT J AU Barth, CW Meyer, SE Beckstead, J Allen, PS AF Barth, Connor W. Meyer, Susan E. Beckstead, Julie Allen, Phil S. TI Hydrothermal time models for conidial germination and mycelial growth of the seed pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY AB Population-based threshold models using hydrothermal time (HTT) have been widely used to model seed germination. We used HTT to model conidial germination and mycelial growth for the seed pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda in a novel approach to understanding its interactions with host seeds. Germination time courses and mycelial growth rates for P.semeniperda were measured on PDA amended to achieve a series of five water potentials (ca. 0 to -6 MPa) at six constant temperatures (5-30 degrees C). Conidial germination was described with alternative population-based models using constant or variable base and maximum temperature and water potential parameters. Mycelial growth was modeled as a continuous, linear process with constant base temperature and base water potential. Models based on HTT showed reasonable fit to germination and growth rate data sets. The best-fit conidial germination model (R-2 = 0.859) was based on variable base and maximum temperature as a function of water potential. The good fit of the linear mycelial growth model (R-2 = 0.916) demonstrated the utility of HTT for modeling continuous as well as population-based processes. HTT modeling may be a useful approach to the quantification of germination and growth processes in a wide range of filamentous fungi. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. OI Barth, Connor/0000-0002-6235-7238 SN 1878-6146 EI 1878-6162 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 119 IS 8 BP 720 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.004 UT WOS:000359500800004 PM 26228560 ER PT J AU Westbrook, JW Chhatre, VE Wu, LS Chamala, S Neves, LG Munoz, P Martinez-Garcia, PJ Neale, DB Kirst, M Mockaitis, K Nelson, CD Peter, GF Davis, JM Echt, CS AF Westbrook, Jared W. Chhatre, Vikram E. Wu, Le-Shin Chamala, Srikar Neves, Leandro Gomide Munoz, Patricio Martinez-Garcia, Pedro J. Neale, David B. Kirst, Matias Mockaitis, Keithanne Nelson, C. Dana Peter, Gary F. Davis, John M. Echt, Craig S. TI A Consensus Genetic Map for Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii and Extent of Linkage Disequilibrium in Two Genotype-Phenotype Discovery Populations of Pinus taeda SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS AB A consensus genetic map for Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) and Pinus elliottii (slash pine) was constructed by merging three previously published P. taeda maps with a map from a pseudo-backcross between P. elliottii and P. taeda. The consensus map positioned 3856 markers via genotyping of 1251 individuals from four pedigrees. It is the densest linkage map for a conifer to date. Average marker spacing was 0.6 cM and total map length was 2305 cM. Functional predictions of mapped genes were improved by aligning expressed sequence tags used for marker discovery to full-length P. taeda transcripts. Alignments to the P. taeda genome mapped 3305 scaffold sequences onto 12 linkage groups. The consensus genetic map was used to compare the genome-wide linkage disequilibrium in a population of distantly related P. taeda individuals (ADEPT2) used for association genetic studies and a multiple-family pedigree used for genomic selection (CCLONES). The prevalence and extent of LD was greater in CCLONES as compared to ADEPT2; however, extended LD with LGs or between LGs was rare in both populations. The average squared correlations, r(2), between SNP alleles less than 1 cM apart were less than 0.05 in both populations and r2 did not decay substantially with genetic distance. The consensus map and analysis of linkage disequilibrium establish a foundation for comparative association mapping and genomic selection in P. taeda and P. elliottii. RI Chhatre, Vikram/B-6649-2016 OI Chhatre, Vikram/0000-0001-6627-2832 SN 2160-1836 PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 8 BP 1685 EP 1694 DI 10.1534/g3.115.019588 UT WOS:000359265800015 PM 26068575 ER PT J AU McLean, LP Smith, A Cheung, L Sun, R Grinchuk, V Vanuytsel, T Desai, N Urban, JF Zhao, AP Raufman, JP Shea-Donohue, T AF McLean, Leon P. Smith, Allen Cheung, Lumei Sun, Rex Grinchuk, Viktoriya Vanuytsel, Tim Desai, Neemesh Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Zhao, Aiping Raufman, Jean-Pierre Shea-Donohue, Terez TI Type 3 Muscarinic Receptors Contribute to Clearance of Citrobacter rodentium SO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES AB Background:The role of muscarinic receptors in mucosal homeostasis, response to enteric pathogens, and modulation of immune cell function is undefined.Methods:The contribution of type 3 muscarinic receptors (M3R) to mucosal homeostasis within the colon and host defense against Citrobacter rodentium was determined in uninfected and C. rodentium-infected WT and M3R-deficient (Chrm3(-/-)) mice. In addition, WT and Chrm3(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages were studied to determine the ability of M3R to modulate macrophage phenotype and function.Results:In Chrm3(-/-) mice, clearance of C. rodentium was delayed despite an amplified T(H)1/T(H)17 response. Delayed clearance of C. rodentium from Chrm3(-/-) mice was associated with prolonged adherence of bacteria to colonic mucosa, decreased goblet cell number, and decreased mucin 2 gene expression. Treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages with bethanechol, a muscarinic-selective agonist, induced a classically activated macrophage phenotype, which was dependent on M3R expression. Chrm3(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages retained their ability to attain a classically activated macrophage phenotype when treated with the T(H)1 cytokine IFN-.Conclusions:In Chrm3(-/-) mice, mucin production is attenuated and is associated with prolonged adherence of C. rodentium to colonic mucosa. The immune response, as characterized by production of T(H)1/T(H)17 cytokines, in C. rodentium-infected Chrm3(-/-) mice is intact. In addition, M3R activity promotes the development of classically activated macrophages. Our data establish a role for M3R in host defense against C. rodentium through effects on goblet cell mucus production and in the modulation of macrophage phenotype and function. SN 1078-0998 EI 1536-4844 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1860 EP 1871 DI 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000408 UT WOS:000359190700018 PM 25985244 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JM Perez-Diaz, IM Sandeep, KP Simunovic, J Harris, K Osborne, JA Hassan, HM AF Caldwell, Jane M. Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M. Sandeep, K. P. Simunovic, Josip Harris, Keith Osborne, Jason A. Hassan, Hosni M. TI Mitochondrial DNA Fragmentation as a Molecular Tool to Monitor Thermal Processing of Plant-Derived, Low-Acid Foods, and Biomaterials SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AB Cycle threshold (Ct) increase, quantifying plant-derived DNA fragmentation, was evaluated for its utility as a time-temperature integrator. This novel approach to monitoring thermal processing of fresh, plant-based foods represents a paradigm shift. Instead of using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect pathogens, identify adulterants, or authenticate ingredients, this rapid technique was used to quantify the fragmentation of an intrinsic plant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene over time-temperature treatments. Universal primers were developed which amplified a mitochondrial gene common to plants (atp1). These consensus primers produced a robust qPCR signal in 10 vegetables, 6 fruits, 3 types of nuts, and a biofuel precursor. Using sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) puree as a model low-acid product and simple linear regression, Ct value was highly correlated to time-temperature treatment (R-2 = 0.87); the logarithmic reduction (log CFU/mL) of the spore-forming Clostridium botulinum surrogate, Geobacillus stearothermophilus (R-2 = 0.87); and cumulative F-value (min) in a canned retort process (R-2 = 0.88), all comparisons conducted at 121 degrees C. D-121 and z-values were determined for G. stearothermophilus ATCC 7953 and were 2.71 min and 11.0 degrees C, respectively. D-121 and z-values for a 174-bp universal plant amplicon were 11.3 min and 9.17 degrees C, respectively, for mtDNA from sweet potato puree. We present these data as proof-of-concept for a molecular tool that can be used as a rapid, presumptive method for monitoring thermal processing in low-acid plant products. Practical Application This method could be used as another tool for thermal process validation and monitoring. It is especially useful for thermal processes over 100 degrees C, since temperatures above boiling rapidly damage DNA. Its advantages over enzymatic assays are that mtDNA is highly stable and can be stored at freezing temperatures for long periods. Mitochondrial DNA can be used for all plant products tested. Processors will be able to validate processes and track process deviations using rapid molecular methods. Processors can use this presumptive test prior to shipping out a product. SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 80 IS 8 BP M1804 EP M1814 DI 10.1111/1750-3841.12937 UT WOS:000359633600020 PM 26235411 ER PT J AU Choi, MY Sanscrainte, ND Estep, AS Vander Meer, RK Becnel, JJ AF Choi, Man-Yeon Sanscrainte, Neil D. Estep, Alden S. Vander Meer, Robert K. Becnel, James J. TI Identification and expression of a new member of the pyrokinin/pban gene family in the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY AB The major family of neuropeptides (NPs) derived from the pk (pyrokinin)/pban (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide) gene are defined by a common FXPRL-NH2 or similar sequence at the C-termini. This family of peptides has been found in all insect groups investigated to date and is implicated in regulating various physiological functions, including pheromone biosynthesis and diapause, but other functions are still largely unknown in specific life stages. Here we identify two isoforms of pk/pban cDNA encoding the PBAN domain from the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi. The two pk/pban isoforms have the same sequence except for a 63 nucleotide difference between the long and short forms, and contain no alternative mRNA splicing site. Two NP homologues, DASGDNGSDSQRTRPPFAPRLamide and SLPFSPRLamide are expected, however, sequence corresponding to the diapause hormone was not found in the P. papatasi pk/pban gene. The PBAN-like amino acid sequence homologue SNKYMTPRL is conserved in the gene, but there is no cleavage site for processing a functional peptide. Characterizing the expression of the isoforms in developmental stages and adults indicates that the short form is differentially transcribed depending on the life stage. The P. papatasi pk/pban gene is the only known pk/pban gene with two transcriptional isoforms and from examination of endoproteolytic cleavage sites is expected to produce fewer peptides than most of the pk/pban genes elucidated to date; only Drosophila melanogaster is simpler with a single NP detected by mass spectroscopy. A phylogenetic analysis showed P. papatasi pk/pban grouped more closely with other nematoceran flies rather than higher flies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 79 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.06.001 UT WOS:000359175300007 PM 26050919 ER PT J AU Park, Y Stanley, DW Kim, Y AF Park, Youngjin Stanley, David W. Kim, Yonggyun TI Eicosanoids up-regulate production of reactive oxygen species by NADPH-dependent oxidase in Spodoptera exigua phagocytic hemocytes SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY AB Eicosanoids mediate cellular immune responses in insects, including phagocytosis of invading microbes. Phagocytosis entails two major steps, the internalization of microbes and the subsequent killing of them via formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we posed the hypothesis that eicosanoids mediate ROS production by activating NADPH-dependent oxidase (NOX) and tested the idea in the model insect, Spodoptera exigua. A NOX gene (we named SeNOX4) was identified and cloned, yielding a full open reading frame encoding 547 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 63,410 Da and an isoelectric point at 9.28. A transmembrane domain and a large intracellular domain containing NADPH and FAD-binding sites were predicted. Phylogenetic analysis indicated SeNOX4 clusters with other NOX4 genes. SeNOX4 was expressed in all life stages except eggs, and exclusively in hemocytes. Bacterial challenge and, separately, arachidonic acid (AA, a precursor of eicosanoid biosynthesis) injection increased its expression. The internalization step was assessed by counting hemocytes engulfing fluorescence-labeled bacteria. The phagocytic behavior was inhibited by dsRNA suppression of SeNOX4 expression and, separately by dexamethasone (DEX, a specific inhibitor of eicosanoid biosynthesis) treatments. However, injecting AA to dsSeNOX4-treated larvae did not rescue the phagocytic activity. Hemocytic ROS production increased following bacterial challenge, which was sharply reduced in dsSeNOX4-treated, and separately, in DEX-treated larvae. AA partially reversed the suppressed ROS production in dsSeNOX4-treated larvae. Treating larvae with either the ROS-suppressing dsSeNOX4 construct or DEX rendered experimental larvae unable to inhibit bacterial proliferation in their hemocoels. We infer that eicosanoids mediate ROS production during phagocytosis by inducing expression of SeNOX4. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 79 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.06.005 UT WOS:000359175300008 PM 26071791 ER PT J AU Dutta, T Stehouwer, RC Dell, CJ AF Dutta, Tanushree Stehouwer, Richard C. Dell, Curtis J. TI Linking Organic Carbon, Water Content, and Nitrous Oxide Emission in a Reclaimed Coal Mine Soil SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB Mine-land reclamation for biomass production is often achieved by means of large applications of N and organic C with amendments that could create soil conditions favorable for N2O production and emissions. To investigate this possibility, we conducted a laboratory experiment using mine soil collected from an active surface coal mine site near Philipsburg, Pennsylvania. During a 37-d incubation period, we measured N2O and CO2 fluxes from non-amended soil and from soil amended with ammonium nitrate (L+F), composted poultry manure (Comp), poultry manure alone (Man) and mixed with 3 rates of paper mill sludge (PMS) to obtain carbon to nitrogen ratios of 14, 20 and 27 (Man+PMS14, 20 and 27), each at 60% and 80% water filled pore space (WFPS). Results showed that manure alone leads to a greater emission of N2O under laboratory conditions than with L+F. However, composting manure effectively reduced the emissions compared to that of L+F despite a large addition of organic C and N. Composted manure-treated soil emitted less than all other manure-based treatments at both 60% and 80% WFPS. The emissions were greater from soil amended with the Man+PMS treatments compared to non-amended and L+F-amended soil, and it increased during periods of intense microbial activity created by the application of manure and PMS. Higher water content increased emissions particularly during periods of intense microbial activity coupled with inorganic N availability. Cumulative N2O emissions from manure-treated soils represented less than 01% loss of total applied N. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 26 IS 6 BP 620 EP 628 DI 10.1002/ldr.2333 UT WOS:000359669600010 ER PT J AU Peterson, JJ Dwyer, JT Jacques, PF McCullough, ML AF Peterson, Julia J. Dwyer, Johanna T. Jacques, Paul F. McCullough, Marjorie L. TI Improving the estimation of flavonoid intake for study of health outcomes SO NUTRITION REVIEWS AB Imprecision in estimating intakes of non-nutrient bioactive compounds such as flavonoids is a challenge in epidemiologic studies of health outcomes. The sources of this imprecision, using flavonoids as an example, include the variability of bioactive compounds in foods due to differences in growing conditions and processing, the challenges in laboratory quantification of flavonoids in foods, the incompleteness of flavonoid food composition tables, and the lack of adequate dietary assessment instruments. Steps to improve databases of bioactive compounds and to increase the accuracy and precision of the estimation of bioactive compound intakes in studies of health benefits and outcomes are suggested. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 SN 0029-6643 EI 1753-4887 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 73 IS 8 BP 553 EP 576 DI 10.1093/nutrit/nuv008 UT WOS:000359652600005 PM 26084477 ER PT J AU Knipfer, T Fei, J Gambetta, GA McElrone, AJ Shackel, KA Matthews, MA AF Knipfer, Thorsten Fei, Jiong Gambetta, Gregory A. McElrone, Andrew J. Shackel, Kenneth A. Matthews, Mark A. TI Water Transport Properties of the Grape Pedicel during Fruit Development: Insights into Xylem Anatomy and Function Using Microtomography SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB Xylem flow of water into fruits declines during fruit development, and the literature indicates a corresponding increase in hydraulic resistance in the pedicel. However, it is unknown how pedicel hydraulics change developmentally in relation to xylem anatomy and function. In this study on grape (Vitis vinifera), we determined pedicel hydraulic conductivity (k(h)) from pressure-flow relationships using hydrostatic and osmotic forces and investigated xylem anatomy and function using fluorescent light microscopy and x-ray computed microtomography. Hydrostatic k(h) (xylem pathway) was consistently 4 orders of magnitude greater than osmotic k(h) (intracellular pathway), but both declined before veraison by approximately 40% and substantially over fruit development. Hydrostatic k(h) declined most gradually for low (less than 0.08 MPa) pressures and for water inflow and outflow conditions. Specific k(h) (per xylem area) decreased in a similar fashion to k(h) despite substantial increases in xylem area. X-ray computed microtomography images provided direct evidence that losses in pedicel k(h) were associated with blockages in vessel elements, whereas air embolisms were negligible. However, vessel elements were interconnected and some remained continuous postveraison, suggesting that across the grape pedicel, a xylem pathway of reduced kh remains functional late into berry ripening. SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 168 IS 4 BP 1590 EP 1602 DI 10.1104/pp.15.00031 UT WOS:000359317400035 PM 26077763 ER PT J AU Pattison, RJ Csukasi, F Zheng, Y Fei, ZJ van der Knaap, E Catala, C AF Pattison, Richard J. Csukasi, Fabiana Zheng, Yi Fei, Zhangjun van der Knaap, Esther Catala, Carmen TI Comprehensive Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Distinct Regulatory Programs during Early Tomato Fruit Development SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB Fruit formation and early development involve a range of physiological and morphological transformations of the various constituent tissues of the ovary. These developmental changes vary considerably according to tissue type, but molecular analyses at an organ-wide level inevitably obscure many tissue-specific phenomena. We used laser-capture microdissection coupled to high-throughput RNA sequencing to analyze the transcriptome of ovaries and fruit tissues of the wild tomato species Solanum pimpinellifolium. This laser-capture microdissection-high-throughput RNA sequencing approach allowed quantitative global profiling of gene expression at previously unobtainable levels of spatial resolution, revealing numerous contrasting transcriptome profiles and uncovering rare and cell type-specific transcripts. Coexpressed gene clusters linked specific tissues and stages to major transcriptional changes underlying the ovary-to-fruit transition and provided evidence of regulatory modules related to cell division, photosynthesis, and auxin transport in internal fruit tissues, together with parallel specialization of the pericarp transcriptome in stress responses and secondary metabolism. Analysis of transcription factor expression and regulatory motifs indicated putative gene regulatory modules that may regulate the development of different tissues and hormonal processes. Major alterations in the expression of hormone metabolic and signaling components illustrate the complex hormonal control underpinning fruit formation, with intricate spatiotemporal variations suggesting separate regulatory programs. RI Zheng, Yi/F-6150-2016; OI Zheng, Yi/0000-0002-8042-7770; Pattison, Richard/0000-0002-0263-124X SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 168 IS 4 BP 1684 EP U1002 DI 10.1104/pp.15.00287 UT WOS:000359317400041 PM 26099271 ER PT J AU Rabin, BM Poulose, SM Carrihill-Knoll, KL Ramirez, F Bielinski, DF Heroux, N Shukitt-Hale, B AF Rabin, Bernard M. Poulose, Shibu M. Carrihill-Knoll, Kirsty L. Ramirez, Francisco Bielinski, Donna F. Heroux, Nicholas Shukitt-Hale, Barbara TI Acute Effects of Exposure to Fe-56 and O-16 Particles on Learning and Memory SO RADIATION RESEARCH AB Although it has been shown that exposure to HZE particles disrupts cognitive performance when tested 2-4 weeks after irradiation, it has not been determined whether exposure to HZE particles acutely affects cognitive performance, i.e., within 4-48 h after exposure. The current experiments were designed to determine the acute effects of exposure to HZE particles (O-16 and Fe-56) on cognitive performance and whether exposure to HZE particles affected learning or memory, as well as to understand the relationship between acute changes in the levels of NOX2 (a measure of oxidative stress) and COX2 (a measure of neuroinflammation) in specific brain regions and cognitive performance. The results of these studies indicate that the acute effects of radiation exposure on cognitive performance are on memory, not learning. Further, the acute effects of exposure to HZE particles on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and their relationship to cognitive performance indicate that, although the effects of exposure to both Fe-56 and O-16 are widespread, only changes in specific regions of the brain may be related to changes in cognitive function. (C) 2015 by Radiation Research Society OI Heroux, Nicholas/0000-0001-6242-0770 SN 0033-7587 EI 1938-5404 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 184 IS 2 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1667/RR13935.1 UT WOS:000359773400003 PM 26207687 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, John A. TI Earwigs (Labidura riparia) mimic rotting-flesh odor to deceive vertebrate predators SO SCIENCE OF NATURE AB Many insects repel predators with caustic chemicals, while insects mimicking odors of wastes/dead insects to fool predators have not been documented. We found that the shore earwig, Labidura riparia (Dermaptera: Labiduridae) when bitten by anole lizards, Anolis carolinenesus, spits a rotting-flesh odor that deceives these insectivores into rejecting prey. Once a lizard attacked and rejected an earwig, the lizard did not attack another earwig during several weeks despite consuming other prey, indicating associative learning after one trial. The fetid odor was found in the head-prothorax containing salivary glands of both male and female earwigs and was comprised of similar to 100 ng dimethyl disulfide and similar to 600 ng dimethyl trisulfide. Nymphs had <5 ng of either compound. Adults also spit odorous sulfides after prolonged attacks by harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex rugosus, who were only deterred by the earwig's forceps. Sulfides released by the earwig are similar to odors of carrion/feces, which may be innately repulsive to some vertebrate predators. The mean initial discharge percentage (IDP) of sulfides from a cohort of earwigs was 62 %; however, IDPs of individuals were highly variable (3-99 %; mean 57 %). The discharge refill time (DRT) to refill 50 % of the earwig's allomone reservoir was estimated at 13 h. A positive relationship in sulfide amounts with body weight was found only in females in 2009, suggesting metabolic cost tradeoffs were revealed when sulfide content was half that in 2010. This is the first report of insects releasing sulfur-containing compounds that may mimic carrion-fecal odors as a deceptive defense against vertebrate predators. SN 0028-1042 EI 1432-1904 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 IS 7-8 AR 38 DI 10.1007/s00114-015-1288-1 UT WOS:000359835500001 ER PT J AU Fang, XF Corrales, J Thornton, C Clerk, T Scheffler, BE Willett, KL AF Fang, Xiefan Corrales, Jone Thornton, Cammi Clerk, Tracy Scheffler, Brian E. Willett, Kristine L. TI Transcriptomic Changes in Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae Following Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is an environmentally relevant carcinogenic and endocrine disrupting compound that causes immediate, long-term, and multigenerational health deficits in mammals and fish. Previously, we found that BaP alters DNA methylation patterns in developing zebrafish, which may affect gene expression. Herein, we performed a genome-wide transcriptional analysis and discovered differential gene expression and splicing in developing zebrafish. Adult zebrafish were exposed to control or 42.0 +/- 1.9 mu g/l BaP for 7 days. Eggs were collected and raised in control conditions or continuously exposed to BaP until 3.3 and 96h post-fertilization (hpf). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted on zebrafish embryos and larvae. Data were analyzed to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes (changed at the gene or transcript variant level) and genes with differential exon usage (DEU; changed at the exon level). At 3.3 hpf, BaP exposure resulted in 8 DE genes and 51 DEU genes. At 96 hpf, BaP exposure altered expression in 1153 DE genes and 159 DEU genes. Functional ontology analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that many disease pathways, including organismal death, growth failure, abnormal morphology of embryonic tissue, congenital heart disease, and adverse neuritogenesis, were significantly enriched for the DE and DEU genes, providing novel insights on the mechanisms of action of BaP-induced developmental toxicities. Collectively, we discovered substantial transcriptomic changes at the gene, transcript variant, and exon levels in developing zebrafish after early life BaP waterborne exposure, and these changes may lead to long-term adverse physiological consequences. OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 146 IS 2 BP 395 EP 411 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfv105 UT WOS:000359630300019 PM 26001963 ER PT J AU Glancey, MM Anyamba, A Linthicum, KJ AF Glancey, Margaret M. Anyamba, Assaf Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Epidemiologic and Environmental Risk Factors of Rift Valley Fever in Southern Africa from 2008 to 2011 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES AB Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks have been associated with periods of widespread and above-normal rainfall over several months. Knowledge on the environmental factors influencing disease transmission dynamics has provided the basis for developing models to predict RVF outbreaks in Africa. From 2008 to 2011, South Africa experienced the worst wave of RVF outbreaks in almost 40 years. We investigated rainfall-associated environmental factors in southern Africa preceding these outbreaks. Methods: RVF epizootic records obtained from the World Animal Health Information Database (WAHID), documenting livestock species affected, location, and time, were analyzed. Environmental variables including rainfall and satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data were collected and assessed in outbreak regions to understand the underlying drivers of the outbreaks. Results: The predominant domestic vertebrate species affected in 2008 and 2009 were cattle, when outbreaks were concentrated in the eastern provinces of South Africa. In 2010 and 2011, outbreaks occurred in the interior and southern provinces affecting over 16,000 sheep. The highest number of cases occurred between January and April but epidemics occurred in different regions every year, moving from the northeast of South Africa toward the southwest with each progressing year. The outbreaks showed a pattern of increased rainfall preceding epizootics ranging from 9 to 152 days; however, NDVI and rainfall were less correlated with the start of the outbreaks than has been observed in eastern Africa. Conclusions: Analyses of the multiyear RVF outbreaks of 2008 to 2011 in South Africa indicated that rainfall, NDVI, and other environmental and geographical factors, such as land use, drainage, and topography, play a role in disease emergence. Current and future investigations into these factors will be able to contribute to improving spatial accuracy of models to map risk areas, allowing adequate time for preparation and prevention before an outbreak occurs. SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 502 EP 511 DI 10.1089/vbz.2015.1774 UT WOS:000359604300007 PM 26273812 ER PT J AU Bier, DM Allison, DB Alpers, DH Astrup, A Cashman, KD Coates, PM Fukagawa, NK Klurfeld, DM Mattes, RD Uauy, R AF Bier, Dennis M. Allison, David B. Alpers, David H. Astrup, Arne Cashman, Kevin D. Coates, Paul M. Fukagawa, Naomi K. Klurfeld, David M. Mattes, Richard D. Uauy, Ricardo TI Introduction to the series "Best (but Oft-Forgotten) Practices" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 IS 2 BP 239 EP 240 DI 10.3945/ajcn.115.117697 UT WOS:000359037800003 PM 26178729 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Liu, Y Zakeri, IF Mohney, RP Mehta, N Voruganti, VS Goring, H Cole, SA Comuzzie, AG AF Butte, Nancy F. Liu, Yan Zakeri, Issa F. Mohney, Robert P. Mehta, Nitesh Voruganti, V. Saroja Goering, Harald Cole, Shelley A. Comuzzie, Anthony G. TI Global metabolomic profiling targeting childhood obesity in the Hispanic population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION AB Background: Metabolomics may unravel important biological pathways involved in the pathophysiology of childhood obesity. Objectives: We aimed to 1) identify metabolites that differ significantly between nonobese and obese Hispanic children; 2) collapse metabolites into principal components (PCs) associated with obesity and metabolic risk, specifically hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperleptinemia, and hyperuricemia; and 3) identify metabolites associated with energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Design: This trial was a cross-sectional observational study of metabolomics by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses performed on fasting plasma samples from 353 nonobese and 450 obese Hispanic children. Results: Branched-chained amino acids (BCAAs) (Len, Ile, and Val) and their catabolites, propionylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine, were significantly elevated in obese children. Strikingly lower lysolipids and dicarboxylated fatty acids were seen in obese children. Steroid derivatives were markedly higher in obese children as were markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. PC6 (BCAAs and aromatic AAs) and PC10 (asparagine, glycine, and serine) made the largest contributions to body mass index, and PCIO and PC12 (acylcamitines) made the largest contributions to adiposity. Metabolic risk factors and total energy expenditure were associated with PC6, PC9 (AA and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites), and PC10. Fat oxidation was inversely related to PC8 (lysolipids) and positively related to PC16 (acylcamitines). Conclusions: Global metabolomic profiling in nonobese and obese children replicates the increased BCAA and acylcarnitine catabolism and changes in nucleotides, lysolipids, and inflammation markers seen in obese adults; however, a strong signature of reduced fatty acid catabolism and increased steroid derivatives may be unique to obese children. Metabolic flexibility in fuel use observed in obese children may occur through the activation of alternative intermediary pathways. Insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, and oxidative stress and inflammation evident in obese children are associated with distinct metabolomic profiles. SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 IS 2 BP 256 EP 267 DI 10.3945/ajcn.115.111872 UT WOS:000359037800006 PM 26085512 ER PT J AU Berger, S Raman, G Vishwanathan, R Jacques, PF Johnson, EJ AF Berger, Samantha Raman, Gowri Vishwanathan, Rohini Jacques, Paul F. Johnson, Elizabeth J. TI Dietary cholesterol and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION AB Background: Dietary cholesterol has been suggested to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which has led to US recommendations to reduce cholesterol intake. Objective: The authors examine the effects of dietary cholesterol on CVD risk in healthy adults by using systematic review and meta-analysis. Design: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau Abstracts databases were searched through December 2013 for prospective studies that quantified dietary cholesterol. Investigators independently screened citations and verified extracted data on study and participant characteristics, outcomes, and quality. Random-effect models meta-analysis was used when at least 3 studies reported the same CVD outcome. Results: Forty studies (17 cohorts in 19 publications with 361,923 subjects and 19 trials in 21 publications with 632 subjects) published between 1979 and 2013 were eligible for review. Dietary cholesterol was not statistically significantly associated with any coronary artery disease (4 cohorts; no summary RR), ischemic stroke (4 cohorts; summary RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.28), or hemorrhagic stroke (3 cohorts; summary RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.50). Dietary cholesterol statistically significantly increased both serum total cholesterol (17 trials; net change: 11.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: 6.4, 15.9) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (14 trials; net change: 6.7 mg/dL; 95% CI: 1.7, 11.7 mg/dL). Increases in LDL cholesterol were no longer statistically significant when intervention doses exceeded 900 mg/d. Dietary cholesterol also statistically significantly increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (13 trials; net change: 3.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.9, 9.7 mg/dL) and the LDL to high-density lipoprotein ratio (5 trials; net change: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.3). Dietary cholesterol did not statistically significantly change serum triglycerides or very-low-density lipoprotein concentrations. Conclusion: Reviewed studies were heterogeneous and lacked the methodologic rigor to draw any conclusions regarding the effects of dietary cholesterol on CVD risk. Carefully adjusted and well-conducted cohort studies would be useful to identify the relative effects of dietary cholesterol on CVD risk. SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 IS 2 BP 276 EP 294 DI 10.3945/ajcn.114.100305 UT WOS:000359037800008 PM 26109578 ER PT J AU Thorson, JF Desaulniers, AT Lee, C White, BR Ford, JJ Lents, CA AF Thorson, Jennifer F. Desaulniers, Amy T. Lee, Chanho White, Brett R. Ford, J. Joe Lents, Clay A. TI The role of RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP3) in regulation of the neuroendocrine reproductive and growth axes of the boar SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE AB RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP3) has been implicated in regulating reproduction and growth. This regulation appears to be dependent upon sex, species, physiological status, and developmental stage. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of RFRP3 on circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) in mature boars. The hypothesis was RFRP3 would reduce circulating concentrations of LH and increase concentrations of GH. Meishan boars (716.6 +/- 2.8 days of age; 125.0 +/- 12.4 kg BW) were randomly assigned to treatment: saline (n = 4) or RFRP3 (8.5 mg; n = 5). Plasma was collected at 15-min intervals during 3 periods: pre-treatment, treatment, and post-treatment. During the treatment period, saline or RFRP3 were administered at 15-min intervals. Treatment was administered as a loading dose of 5 mg RFRP3, followed by seven repeated injections of 0.5 mg RFRP3. Pulsatile secretion of LH and GH were not affected by saline treatment. Mean concentrations of LH in RFRP3-treated boars were greater (P < 0.01) in the pre-treatment period than in the treatment and post-treatment periods; however, the individual response to RFRP3 challenge was varied. RFRP3 suppressed (P < 0.05) mean concentrations of GH during the treatment period. It is concluded that RFRP3 can act to suppress LH secretion in some boars, but the minimal and varied response between animals does not strongly support the idea that RFRP3 is a potent hypohysiotropic hormone in the pig. Results indicate that RFRP3 may function in regulating the growth axis of swine. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-4320 EI 1873-2232 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 159 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.05.013 UT WOS:000358808800009 PM 26051609 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Kim, HJ AF Liu, Yongliang Kim, Hee-Jin TI Use of Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy in Direct, Nondestructive, and Rapid Assessment of Developmental Cotton Fibers Grown In Planta and in Culture SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY AB Cotton fibers are routinely harvested from cotton plants (in planta), and their end-use qualities depend on their development stages. Cotton fibers are also cultured in controlled laboratory environments, so that cotton researchers can investigate many aspects of experimental protocols in cotton breeding programs at reduced expenses. In this work, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectra of cotton fibers grown in planta and in culture were collected to explore the potential of FT-IR technique as a simple, rapid, and direct method for characterizing the fiber development. Complementary to visual inspection of spectral variations, principal component analysis (PCA) of AIR FT-IR spectra revealed the occurrence of phase transition from primary to secondary cell wall synthesis and also the difference of starting the phase transition between two types of fibers. Like PCA observation, three simple algorithms were capable of monitoring the secondary cell wall formation effectively. Interestingly and uniquely, simple algorithms were able to detect the subtle discrepancies in fibers older than 25 days post-anthesis, which was not apparent from PCA results. The observation indicated the feasibility of FT-IR technique in rapid, routine, nondestructive, and direct assessment of fiber development for cotton physiology and breeding applications. SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 69 IS 8 BP 1004 EP 1010 DI 10.1366/15-07876 UT WOS:000359327600012 PM 26162559 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Saenz, D Adams, CK Hibbitts, TJ AF Johnson, James B. Saenz, Daniel Adams, Cory K. Hibbitts, Toby J. TI Naturally occurring variation in tadpole morphology and performance linked to predator regime SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Divergent natural selection drives a considerable amount of the phenotypic and genetic variation observed in natural populations. For example, variation in the predator community can generate conflicting selection on behavioral, life-history, morphological, and performance traits. Differences in predator regime can subsequently increase phenotypic and genetic variations in the population and result in the evolution of reproductive barriers (ecological speciation) or phenotypic plasticity. We evaluated morphology and swimming performance in field collected Bronze Frog larvae (Lithobates clamitans) in ponds dominated by predatory fish and those dominated by invertebrate predators. Based on previous experimental findings, we hypothesized that tadpoles from fish-dominated ponds would have small bodies, long tails, and large tail muscles and that these features would facilitate fast-start speed. We also expected to see increased tail fin depth (i.e., the tail-lure morphology) in tadpoles from invertebrate-dominated ponds. Our results support our expectations with respect to morphology in affecting swimming performance of tadpoles in fish-dominated ponds. Furthermore, it is likely that divergent natural selection is playing a role in the diversification on morphology and locomotor performance in this system. SN 2045-7758 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 15 BP 2991 EP 3002 DI 10.1002/ece3.1538 UT WOS:000359427800001 PM 26357533 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Moser, BR AF Knothe, Gerhard Moser, Bryan R. TI Fatty acid profile of seashore mallow (Kosteletzkya pentacarpos) seed oil and properties of the methyl esters SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB In recent literature, seashore mallow (Kosteletzkya pentacarpos; also known previously as Kosteletzkya virginica) seed oil was reported as a potential alternative feedstock for biodiesel. In the present work, the fatty acid profile of K. pentacarpos is shown to correspond to that of other plants in the Malvaceae family by containing approximately 6% fatty acids with cyclic moieties, namely malvalic acid as well as dihydrosterculic acid. Previously determined properties of biodiesel from seashore mallow are discussed under the aspect of the fatty acid profile. The H-1- and C-13-NMR spectra of K. pentacarpos methyl esters, which confirm the fatty acid profile, are also discussed. Practical applications: This article discusses the fatty acid profile of the seed oils of Kosteletzkya species. This is significant for evaluating potential applications of these oils. This is demonstrated by evaluating biodiesel fuel properties from the results. SN 1438-7697 EI 1438-9312 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 117 IS 8 BP 1287 EP 1294 DI 10.1002/ejlt.201400612 UT WOS:000359374100018 ER PT J AU Nagy-Szakal, D Mir, SAV Harris, RA Dowd, SE Yamada, T Lacorazza, HD Tatevian, N Smith, CW de Zoeten, EF Klein, J Kellermayer, R AF Nagy-Szakal, Dorottya Mir, Sabina A. V. Harris, R. Alan Dowd, Scot E. Yamada, Takeshi Lacorazza, H. Daniel Tatevian, Nina Smith, C. Wayne de Zoeten, Edwin F. Klein, John Kellermayer, Richard TI Loss of n-6 fatty acid induced pediatric obesity protects against acute murine colitis SO FASEB JOURNAL AB Dietary influences may affect microbiome composition and host immune responses, thereby modulating propensity toward inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs): Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Dietary n-6 fatty acids have been associated with UC in prospective studies. However, the critical developmental period when (n-6) consumption may induce UC is not known. We examined the effects of transiently increased n-6 consumption during pediatric development on subsequent dextran-sulfate-sodium (DSS)-induced acute murine colitis. The animals transiently became obese then rapidly lost this phenotype. Interestingly, mice were protected against DSS colitis 40 days after n-6 consumption. The transient high n-6-induced protection against colitis was fat type-and dietary reversal-dependent and could be transferred to germ-free mice by fecal microbiota transplantation. We also detected decreased numbers of chemokine receptor (Cxcr)5(+) CD4(+) T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of transiently n-6-fed mice. Further experiments revealed that anti-chemokine ligand (Cxcl)13 (the ligand of Cxcr5) antibody treatment decreased DSS colitis severity, implicating the importance of the Cxcr5-Cxcl13 pathway in mammalian colitis. Consecutively, we found elevated CXCL13 concentrations (CD: 1.8-fold, P = 0.0077; UC: 1.9-fold, P = 0.056) in the serum of untreated pediatric IBD patients. The human serologic observations supported the translational relevance of our findings. OI de Zoeten, Edwin/0000-0002-0946-9759 SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 8 BP 3151 EP 3159 DI 10.1096/fj.14-267690 UT WOS:000358796900005 PM 25903104 ER PT J AU McCann, JC Shigenaga, MK Mietus-Snyder, ML Lal, A Suh, JH Krauss, RM Gildengorin, GL Goldrich, AM Block, DS Shenvi, SV McHugh, TH Olson, DA Ames, BN AF McCann, Joyce C. Shigenaga, Mark K. Mietus-Snyder, Michele L. Lal, Ashutosh Suh, Jung H. Krauss, Ronald M. Gildengorin, Ginny L. Goldrich, Alisa M. Block, Devan S. Shenvi, Swapna V. McHugh, Tara H. Olson, Don A. Ames, Bruce N. TI A multicomponent nutrient bar promotes weight loss and improves dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in the overweight/obese: chronic inflammation blunts these improvements SO FASEB JOURNAL AB This study determined if twice-daily consumption of a nutrient-dense bar intended to fill gaps in Western diets, without other dietary/lifestyle requirements, favorably shifted metabolic/anthropometric indicators of dysregulation in a healthy direction. Three 8-wk clinical trials in 43 healthy lean and overweight/obese (OW/OB) adults, who served as their own controls, were pooled for analysis. In less inflamed OW/OB [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) < 1.5], statistically significant decreases occurred in weight (-1.1 +/- 0.5 kg), waist circumference (-3.1 +/- 1.4 cm), diastolic blood pressure (-4.1 +/- 1.6 mmHg), heart rate [HR; -4.0 +/- 1.7 beats per minute (bpm)], triglycerides (-72 +/- 38.2 mg/dl), insulin resistance (homeostatic model of insulin resistance) (-0.72 +/- 0.3), and insulin (-2.8 +/- 1.3 mU/L); an increase in HDL-2b (+303 +/- 116 nM) and realignment of LDL lipid subfractions toward a less atherogenic profile [decreased small LDL IIIb (-44 +/- 23.5 nM), LDL IIIa (-99 +/- 43.7nM), andincreased large LDLI (+66 +/- 28.0 nM)]. In the more inflamed OW/OB (hsCRP >1.5), inflammation was reduced at 2 wk (-0.66 mg/L), and HR at 8 wk (-3.4 +/- 1.3 bpm). The large HDL subfraction (10.5-14.5 nm) increased at 8 wk (+346 +/- 126 nM). Metabolic improvements were also observed in lean participants. Thus, favorable changes in measures of cardiovascular health, insulin resistance, inflammation, and obesity were initiated within 8 wk in the OW/OB by replacing deficiencies in Western diets without requiring other dietary or lifestyle modifications; chronic inflammation blunted most improvements. SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 8 BP 3287 EP 3301 DI 10.1096/fj.15-271833 UT WOS:000358796900017 PM 25900806 ER PT J AU Buras, ED Yang, LN Saha, P Kim, J Mehta, P Yang, YS Hilsenbeck, S Kojima, H Chen, WH Smith, CW Chan, L AF Buras, Eric Dale Yang, Lina Saha, Pradip Kim, Jongoh Mehta, Pooja Yang, Yisheng Hilsenbeck, Susan Kojima, Hideto Chen, Wenhao Smith, C. Wayne Chan, Lawrence TI Proinsulin-producing, hyperglycemia-induced adipose tissue macrophages underlie insulin resistance in high fat-fed diabetic mice SO FASEB JOURNAL AB Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of obese type 2 diabetes. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity has been shown to lead to ATM accumulation in rodents; however, the impact of hyperglycemia on ATMdynamics in HFD-fed type 2 diabetic models has not been studied. We previously showed that hyperglycemia induces the appearance of proinsulin (PI)-producing proinflammatory bone marrow (BM)-derived cells (PI-BMDCs) in rodents. We fed a 60% HFD to C57BL6/J mice to produce an obese type 2 diabetes model. Absent in chow-fed animals, PI-BMDCs account for 60% of the ATMs in the type 2 diabetic mice. The PI-ATM subset expresses TNF-alpha and other inflammatory markers, and is highly enriched within crownlike structures (CLSs). We found that amelioration of hyperglycemia by different hypoglycemic agents forestalled PI-producing ATM accumulation and adipose inflammation in these animals. We developed a diphtheria toxin receptor-based strategy to selectively ablate PI-BMDCs among ATMs. Application of the maneuver in HFD-fed type 2 diabetic mice was found to lead to near total disappearance of complex CLSs and reversal of insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis in these animals. In sum, we have identified a novel ATM subset in type 2 diabetic rodents that underlies systemic insulin resistance.-Buras, E. D., Yang, L., Saha, P., Kim, J., Mehta, P., Yang, Y., Hilsenbeck, S., Kojima, H., Chen, W., Smith, C. W., Chan, L. Proinsulin-producing, hyperglycemia-induced adipose tissue macrophages underlie insulin resistance in high fat-fed diabetic mice. SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 8 BP 3537 EP 3548 DI 10.1096/fj.15-271452 UT WOS:000358796900039 PM 25953849 ER PT J AU Magnussen, S Andersen, HE Mundhenk, P AF Magnussen, Steen Andersen, Hans-Erik Mundhenk, Philip TI A Second Look at Endogenous Poststratification SO FOREST SCIENCE AB Properties of the poststratification (PS) estimator of variance are evaluated in simulated sampling and 252 settings (3 populations x 4 levels of stratification x 3 sample sizes x 7 methods of stratification) of endogenous poststratification (EPS). Poststratification was done on the basis of predictions from a linear or a nonlinear model fitted to the sample to be stratified. Empirical variances obtained with regression estimators (REG) were generally significantly smaller than EPS variances. The efficiency of a stratification method depends on the population but only marginally on the number of strata or sample size. Optimization of strata boundaries (three methods) leads to a slightly higher empirical variance and a concomitant and mostly significant underestimation of the expected variance. EPS with regression was not more efficient than REG alone. A practical calibration of the biased estimates of variance does not seem possible. For the purpose of map-updating and map-consistent statistics, a nonoptimized EPS holds practical advantages over the regression approach. OI magnussen, steen/0000-0002-5655-768X SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 61 IS 4 BP 624 EP 634 DI 10.5849/forsci.14-183 UT WOS:000358969700002 ER PT J AU Hansen, EM Johnson, MC Bentz, BJ Vandygriff, JC Munson, AS AF Hansen, E. Matthew Johnson, Morris C. Bentz, Barbara J. Vandygriff, James C. Munson, A. Steven TI Fuel Loads and Simulated Fire Behavior in "Old-Stage" Beetle-Infested Ponderosa Pine of the Colorado Plateau SO FOREST SCIENCE AB Recent bark beetle outbreaks in western North America have led to concerns regarding changes in fuel profiles and associated changes in fire behavior. Data are lacking for a range of infestation severities and time since outbreak, especially for relatively arid cover types. We surveyed fuel loads and simulated fire behavior for ponderosa pine stands of the Colorado Plateau 15-20 years after bark beetle infestation (i.e., "old-stage"). Increasing infestation severity resulted in reduced canopy bulk density, canopy base height, canopy cover, and litter loads whereas woody fuel loads were increased, especially among larger size classes. Using the Fire and Fuels Extension of the Forest Vegetation Simulator, torching index was predicted to decrease with infestation severity whereas crowning index was predicted to increase. Under modeled severe weather conditions, increasing infestation severity was predicted to shift the predominant fire type from surface fire to passive crown fire, whereas the probability of active crown fire was not significantly influenced by old-stage bark beetle-caused tree mortality. We also estimated snagfall rates of infested trees and found that the median time from infestation to snagfall was 9-12 years, with larger trees taking longer to fall. SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 61 IS 4 BP 644 EP 664 DI 10.5849/forsci.14-081 UT WOS:000358969700004 ER PT J AU Hansen, EM Amacher, MC Van Miegroet, H Long, JN Ryan, MG AF Hansen, E. Matthew Amacher, Michael C. Van Miegroet, Helga Long, James N. Ryan, Michael G. TI Carbon Dynamics in Central US Rockies Lodgepole Pine Type after Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreaks SO FOREST SCIENCE AB Mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality has substantially changed live tree biomass in lodgepole pine ecosystems in western North America since 2000. We studied how beetle-caused mortality altered ecosystem carbon (C) stocks and productivity using a central US Rockies age sequence of ecosystem recovery after infestation, augmented with growth-and-yield model simulations. Field measurements showed that total C stocks were reduced by beetle outbreaks, although differences compared with undisturbed stands were not easily distinguished. Simulations with outbreaks showed long-term C losses of 1-30%. Field data indicated that aboveground C productivity was reduced among plots infested within 25 years of measurements, but productivity levels of plots with older infestations were indistinguishable from those of undisturbed plots. Simulations indicated that outbreaks reduced C productivity for 20-60 years, but rates recovered such that 100-year postoutbreak averages were similar among infested and undisturbed stands. Simulations also showed that C dynamics are affected by outbreak severity and that C productivity might be stimulated by outbreaks relative to that of undisturbed stands. Outbreaks redistributed C from live (sinks) to dead pools (sources), but slow decomposition of snags combined with recovered tree growth resulted in resilience of aboveground C stocks. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 61 IS 4 BP 665 EP 679 DI 10.5849/forsci.14-094 UT WOS:000358969700005 ER PT J AU Briggs, JS Hawbaker, TJ Vandendriesche, D AF Briggs, Jennifer S. Hawbaker, Todd J. Vandendriesche, Don TI Resilience of Ponderosa and Lodgepole Pine Forests to Mountain Pine Beetle Disturbance and Limited Regeneration SO FOREST SCIENCE AB After causing widespread mortality in lodgepole pine forests in North America, the mountain pine beetle (MPB) has recently also affected ponderosa pine, an alternate host species that may have different levels of resilience to this disturbance. We collected field data in ponderosa pine- and lodgepole pine-dominated forests attacked by MPB in Colorado and then simulated stand growth over 200 years using the Forest Vegetation Simulator. We compared scenarios of no disturbance with scenarios of MPB-caused mortality, both with and without regeneration. Results indicated that basal area and tree density recovered to predisturbance levels relatively rapidly (within 1-8 decades) in both forest types. However, convergence of the disturbed conditions with simulated undisturbed conditions took longer (12-20+ decades) and was delayed by the absence of regeneration. In MPB-affected ponderosa pine forests without regeneration, basal area did not converge with undisturbed conditions within 200 years, implying lower resilience in this ecosystem. Surface fuels accumulated rapidly in both forest types after MPB-induced mortality, remaining high for 3-6 decades in simulations. Our results suggest that future patterns of succession, regeneration, fuel loading, climate, and disturbance interactions over long time periods should be considered in management strategies addressing MPB effects in either forest type, but particularly in ponderosa pine. SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 61 IS 4 BP 689 EP 702 DI 10.5849/forsci.14-192 UT WOS:000358969700007 ER PT J AU Russell, MB D'Amato, AW Albers, MA Woodall, CW Puettmann, KJ Saunders, MR VanderSchaaf, CL AF Russell, Matthew B. D'Amato, Anthony W. Albers, Michael A. Woodall, Christopher W. Puettmann, Klaus J. Saunders, Michael R. VanderSchaaf, Curtis L. TI Performance of the Forest Vegetation Simulator in Managed White Spruce Plantations Influenced by Eastern Spruce Budworm in Northern Minnesota SO FOREST SCIENCE AB Silvicultural strategies such as thinning may minimize productivity losses from a variety of forest disturbances, including forest insects. This study analyzed the 10-year postthinning response of stands and individual trees in thinned white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) plantations in northern Minnesota, USA, with light to moderate defoliation from eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens). Using the Forest Vegetation Simulator, model results suggested overprediction of stand basal area growth and tree diameter increment in these stands. Growth modifiers indicated that trees growing in unthinned stands and with greater defoliation levels (i.e., 20-32%) would need the largest adjustment for diameter increment. Modifiers for height were similarly specified to compensate for the underprediction of height increment in these stands. Thinned stands continued to maintain target live crown ratios in excess of 0.40, suggesting long-term productivity. Results highlight the need for simulation models that represent appropriate responses to stands and trees affected by forest insects and diseases. Ultimately, accurate representations of growth and development in these models that account for influences of biotic disturbance agents are essential under future global change scenarios, particularly as silvicultural strategies are implemented to reduce the impacts of forest health threats and other stressors. SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 61 IS 4 BP 723 EP 730 DI 10.5849/forsci.14-150 UT WOS:000358969700010 ER PT J AU Perkins, DL Jorgensen, CL Rinella, MJ AF Perkins, Dana L. Jorgensen, Carl L. Rinella, Matthew J. TI Verbenone Decreases Whitebark Pine Mortaliiy Throughout a Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak SO FOREST SCIENCE AB Mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) have been killing pines on millions of ha throughout the western United States since 2000. One species being affected is whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), a five-needle pine already experiencing a number of other threats. Whitebark pine is a keystone species providing a variety of values including watershed protection and food and habitat for wildlife. An increasingly used method of protecting pines from mountain pine beetles involves the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone, but no studies have evaluated the ability of verbenone applied annually to protect whitebark pines throughout mountain pine beetle outbreaks. We applied verbenone pouches annually for 7 years until an outbreak ended. Probabilities that whitebark pines survived through the end of the outbreak were 0.34 +/- 0.15 for control trees and 0.68 +/- 0.17 for trees treated with verbenone once per year. Evidence from a second verbenone treatment that was discontinued before the end of the outbreak suggested that applying verbenone twice, as opposed to once, per year may more effectively protect trees. Increased survival did not appear to vary with tree size (i.e., dbh). We believe increased survival of the magnitude we observed could reduce risks to threatened whitebark pine populations. SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 61 IS 4 BP 747 EP 752 DI 10.5849/forsci.14-052 UT WOS:000358969700013 ER PT J AU Gross, AD Temeyer, KB Day, TA de Leon, AAP Kimber, MJ Coats, JR AF Gross, Aaron D. Temeyer, Kevin B. Day, Tim A. de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez Kimber, Michael J. Coats, Joel R. TI Pharmacological characterization of a tyramine receptor from the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AB The southern cattle tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) is a hematophagous external parasite that vectors the causative agents of bovine babesiosis or cattle tick fever, Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, and anaplasmosis, Anaplasma marginale. The southern cattle tick is a threat to the livestock industry in many locations throughout the world. Control methods include the use of chemical acaricides including amitraz, a formamidine insecticide, which is proposed to activate octopamine receptors. Previous studies have identified a putative octopamine receptor from the southern cattle tick in Australia and the Americas. Furthermore, this putative octopamine receptor could play a role in acaricide resistance to amitraz. Recently, sequence data indicated that this putative octopamine receptor is probably a type-1 tyramine receptor (TAR1). In this study, the putative TAR1 was heterologously expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells, and the expressed receptor resulted in a 39-fold higher potency for tyramine compared to octopamine. Furthermore, the expressed receptor was strongly antagonized by yohimbine and cyproheptadine, and mildly antagonized by mianserin and phentolamine. Tolazoline and naphazoline had agonistic or modulatory activity against the expressed receptor, as did the amitraz metabolite, BTS-27271; however, this was only observed in the presence of tyramine. The southern cattle tick's tyramine receptor may serve as a target for the development of anti-parasitic compounds, in addition to being a likely target of formamidine insecticides. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0965-1748 EI 1879-0240 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 63 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.04.008 UT WOS:000359166800006 PM 25958152 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Siegfried, BD AF Coates, Brad S. Siegfried, Blair D. TI Linkage of an ABCC transporter to a single QTL that controls Ostrinia nubilalis larval resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Fa toxin SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AB Field evolved resistance of insect populations to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystalline (Cry) toxins expressed by crop plants has resulted in reduced control of insect feeding damage to field crops, and threatens the sustainability of Bt transgenic technologies. A single quantitative trait locus (QTL) that determines resistance in Ostrinia nubilalis larvae capable of surviving on reproductive stage transgenic corn that express the Bt Cry1Fa toxin was previously mapped to linkage group 12 (LG12) in a backcross pedigree. Fine mapping with high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) anchor markers, a candidate ABC transporter (abcc2) marker, and de novo mutations predicted from a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data redefined a 268.8 cM LG12. The single QTL on LG12 spanned an approximate 46.1 cM region, in which marker 02302.286 and abcc2 were <= 2.81 cM, and the GBS marker 697 was an estimated 1.89 cM distant from the causal genetic factor. This positional mapping data showed that an O. nubilalis genome region encoding an abcc2 transporter is in proximity to a single QTL involved in the inheritance of Cry1F resistance, and will assist in the future identification the mutation(s) involved with this phenotype. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0965-1748 EI 1879-0240 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 63 BP 86 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.06.003 UT WOS:000359166800010 PM 26093031 ER PT J AU Mohr, TB Juneja, VK Thippareddi, HH Schaffner, DW Bronstein, PA Silverman, M Cook, LV AF Mohr, T. B. Juneja, V. K. Thippareddi, H. H. Schaffner, D. W. Bronstein, P. A. Silverman, M. Cook, L. V., Jr. TI Assessing the Performance of Clostridium perfringens Cooling Models for Cooked, Uncured Meat and Poultry Products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB Heat-resistant spores of Clostridium perfringens may germinate and multiply in cooked meat and poultry products when the rate and extent of cooling does not occur in a timely manner. Therefore, six cooling models (PMP 7.0 broth model; PMIP uncured beef, chicken, and pork models; Smith-Schaffner version 3; and UK IFR ComBase Perfringens Predictor) were evaluated for relative performance in predicting growth of C. pelfringens under dynamic temperature conditions encountered during cooling of cooked, uncured meat and poultry products. The predicted growth responses from the models were extensively compared with those observed in food. Data from 188 time-temperature cooling profiles (176 for single-rate exponential cooling and 12 for dual-rate exponential cooling) were collected from 17 independent sources (16 peer-reviewed publications and one report) for model evaluation. Data were obtained for a variety of cooked products, including meat and poultry slurries, ground meat and poultry products with and without added ingredients (e.g., potato starch, sodium triphosphate, and potassium tetrapyrophosphate), and processed products such as ham and roast beef. Performance of the models was evaluated using three sets of criteria, and accuracy was defined within a 1- to 2-log range. The percentages of accurate, fail-safe, or fail-dangerous predictions for each cooling model differed depending on which criterion was used to evaluate the data set. Nevertheless, the combined percentages of accurate and fail-safe predictions based on the three performance criteria were 34.66 to 42.61% for the PMP 7.0 beef broth model, 100% for the PMIP cooling models for uncured beef, uncured pork and uncured chicken, 80.11 to 93.18% for the Smith-Schaffner cooling model, and 74.43 to 85.23% for the UK IFR ComBase Perfringens Predictor model during single-rate exponential chilling. Except for the PMP 7.0 broth model, the other five cooling models (PMIP, Smith-Schaffner, and UK ComBase) are useful and reliable tools that food processors and regulatory agencies can use to evaluate the safety of cooked or heat-treated uncured meat and poultry products exposed to cooling deviations or to develop customized cooling schedules. SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 78 IS 8 BP 1512 EP 1526 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-015 UT WOS:000359034600012 PM 26219365 ER PT J AU Wang, R Kalchayanand, N Bono, JL AF Wang, Rong Kalchayanand, Norasak Bono, James L. TI Sequence of Colonization Determines the Composition of Mixed Biofilms by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O111:H8 Strains SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB Bacterial biofilms are one of the potential sources of cross-contamination in food processing environments. Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 and O111:H8 are important foodborne pathogens capable of forming biofilms, and the coexistence of these two STEC serotypes has been detected in various food samples and in multiple commercial meat plants throughout the United States. Here, we investigated how the coexistence of these two STEC serotypes and their sequence of colonization could affect bacterial growth competition and mixed biofilm development. Our data showed that E. coli O157:H7 strains were able to maintain a higher cell percentage in mixed biofilms with the co-inoculated O111:H8 companion strains, even though the results of planktonic growth competition were strain dependent. On solid surfaces with preexisting biofilms, the sequence of colonization played a critical role in determining the composition of the mixed biofilms because early stage precolonization significantly affected the competition results between the E. coli O157:H7 and O111:H8 strains. The precolonizer of either serotype was able to outgrow the other serotype in both planktonic and biofilm phases. The competitive interactions among the various STEC serotypes would determine the composition and structure of the mixed biofilms as well as their potential risks to food safety and public health, which is largely influenced by the dominant strains in the mixtures. Thus, the analysis of mixed biofilms under various conditions would be of importance to determine the nature of mixed biofilms composed of multiple microorganisms and to help implement the most effective disinfection operations accordingly. SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 78 IS 8 BP 1554 EP 1559 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-009 UT WOS:000359034600017 PM 26219370 ER PT J AU Flax, VL Adair, LS Allen, LH Shahab-Ferdows, S Hampel, D Chasela, CS Tegha, G Daza, EJ Corbett, A Davis, NL Kamwendo, D Kourtis, AP van der Horst, CM Jamieson, DJ Bentley, ME AF Flax, Valerie L. Adair, Linda S. Allen, Lindsay H. Shahab-Ferdows, Setarah Hampel, Daniela Chasela, Charles S. Tegha, Gerald Daza, Eric J. Corbett, Amanda Davis, Nicole L. Kamwendo, Deborah Kourtis, Athena P. van der Horst, Charles M. Jamieson, Denise J. Bentley, Margaret E. CA BAN Study Team TI Plasma Micronutrient Concentrations Are Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy and Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements in Lactating HIV-Infected Malawian Women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AB Background: Little is known about the influence of antiretroviral therapy with or without micronutrient supplementation on the micronutrient concentrations of HIV-infected lactating women in resource-constrained settings. Objective: We examined associations of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) with concentrations of selected micronutrients in HIV-infected Malawian women at 24 wk postpartum. Methods: Plasma micronutrient concentrations were measured in a subsample (n = 690) of Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition (BAN) study participants who were randomly assigned at delivery to receive HAART, LNS, HAART+LNS, or no HAART/no LNS (control). HAART consisted of protease inhibitor-based triple therapy. LNS (140 g/d) met energy and micronutrient requirements of lactation. Multivariable linear regression tested the association of HAART and LNS, plus their interaction, with micronutrient concentrations, controlling for season, baseline viral load, and baseline CD4 count. Results: We found significant HAART by LNS interactions for folate (P = 0.051), vitamin B-12 (P < 0.0011, and transferrin receptors (TfRs)(P = 0.085). HAART was associated with lower folate (with LNS: -27%, P < 0.001; without LNS: -12%, P = 0.040) and higher TfR concentrations (with LNS: +14%, P = 0.004; without LNS: +28%, P < 0.001), indicating iron deficiency. LNS increased folate (with HAART: +17%, P = 0.037; without HAART: +39%, P < 0.001) and decreased TfR concentrations (with HAART only: 112%, P = 0.023(. HAART was associated with lower vitamin B-12 concentrations only when LNS was present (-18%, P = 0.001), whereas LNS increased vitamin B-12 only when no HAART was present (+27%, P < 0.001). HAART, but not LNS, was associated with higher retinol-binding protein (RBP; +10%, P = 0.0071. We detected no association of HAART or LNS with selenium, ferritin, or hemoglobin. Conclusion: The association of HAART with lower folate, iron deficiency, and higher RBP plus the attenuation of LNS effects on folate. and vitamin B-12 when combined with HAART has implications for the health of lactating HIV-infected women taking HAART in prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00164736. OI Flax, Valerie/0000-0003-0200-3355 SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 145 IS 8 BP 1950 EP 1957 DI 10.3945/jn.115.212290 UT WOS:000359037500035 PM 26156797 ER PT J AU Martin-Arjol, I Isbell, TA Manresa, A AF Martin-Arjol, Ignacio Isbell, Terry A. Manresa, Angels TI Mono-Estolide Synthesis from trans-8-Hydroxy-Fatty Acids by Lipases in Solvent-Free Media and Their Physical Properties SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY AB Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2 is known to produce two hydroxy-fatty acids, 10(S)-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic and 7,10(S,S)-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acids, when cultivated in a mineral medium using oleic acid as a single carbon source. These compounds were purified, 91 and 96 % respectively, to produce two new families of estolides: trans-8-estolides and saturated estolides from the monohydroxylated monomer. trans-8-estolides were produced by three different lipases (Novozym 435, Lipozyme RM IM and Lipozyme TL IM) with reaction yields between 68.4 +/- A 2.1 and 94.7 +/- A 2.4 % in a solvent-free medium at 80 A degrees C in 168 h under vacuum. Novozym 435 was found to be the most efficient biocatalyst for both hydroxy-fatty acids with reaction yields of 71.7 +/- A 2.3 and 94.7 +/- A 2.4 %, respectively. Moreover, saturated estolides were also produced from a saturated 10(S)-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic. These estolides were chemically and enzymatically synthesized with Novozym 435, under the previous described reaction conditions with yields of 60.7 +/- A 2.1 and 71.2 +/- A 2.3 % respectively. Finally, viscosity, glass transition temperature, decomposition temperatures and enthalpies were determined to characterize both types of estolides. Thermal applications for both types of polyesters were improved since glass transition temperatures were lowered and decomposition temperatures were increased, with respect to their corresponding substrates. SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1125 EP 1141 DI 10.1007/s11746-015-2687-3 UT WOS:000358781500007 ER PT J AU Buda, AR Williard, KWJ Schoonover, JE Srinivasan, MS AF Buda, Anthony R. Williard, Karl W. J. Schoonover, Jon E. Srinivasan, M. S. TI Featured Collection Introduction: Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 877 EP 882 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12343 UT WOS:000359017800001 ER PT J AU Williams, MR Buda, AR Elliott, HA Singha, K Hamlett, J AF Williams, Mark R. Buda, Anthony R. Elliott, Herschel A. Singha, Kamini Hamlett, James TI Influence of Riparian Seepage Zones on Nitrate Variability in Two Agricultural Headwater Streams SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION AB Riparian seeps have been recognized for their contributions to stream flow in headwater catchments, but there is limited data on how seeps affect stream water quality. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of seeps on the variability of stream NO3-N concentrations in FD36 and RS, two agricultural catchments in Pennsylvania. Stream samples were collected at 10-m intervals over reaches of 550 (FD36) and 490m (RS) on 21 occasions between April 2009 and January 2012. Semi-variogram analysis was used to quantify longitudinal patterns in stream NO3-N concentration. Seep water was collected at 14 sites in FD36 and 7 in RS, but the number of flowing seeps depended on antecedent conditions. Seep NO3-N concentrations were variable (0.1-29.5mg/l) and were often greater downslope of cropped fields compared to other land uses. During base flow, longitudinal variability in stream NO3-N concentrations increased as the number of flowing seeps increased. The influence of seeps on the variability of stream NO3-N concentrations was less during storm flow compared to the variability of base flow NO3-N concentrations. However, 24h after a storm in FD36, an increase in the number of flowing seeps and decreasing streamflow resulted in the greatest longitudinal variability in stream NO3-N concentrations recorded. Results indicate seeps are important areas of NO3-N delivery to streams where targeted adoption of mitigation measures may substantially improve stream water quality. SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 883 EP 897 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12335 UT WOS:000359017800002 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Bach, TJ Nes, WD Parish, EJ Moser, JK Nystrom, L AF Moreau, R. A. Bach, T. J. Nes, W. D. Parish, E. J. Moser, J. K. Nystroem, L. TI 2014 GJ Schroepfer Jr. Memorial AOCS Sterol Symposium: Recent Advances in Sterol Research SO LIPIDS RI Nystrom, Laura/A-8474-2012; OI Nystrom, Laura/0000-0002-0440-4913; Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 SN 0024-4201 EI 1558-9307 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 IS 8 BP 719 EP 720 DI 10.1007/s11745-015-4051-7 UT WOS:000358939100001 PM 26210488 ER PT J AU Bhagavathy, GV Nieves, GMV Webb, MZ Chauhan, KR AF Bhagavathy, Ganga V. Nieves, Glory M. Velazquez Webb, Meiling Z. Chauhan, Kamlesh R. TI Arthropod Deterrents from Artemisia pallens (Davana Oil) Components SO NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS AB Davanone, a key sesquiterpene component of davana oil, has been synthesized in five convenient steps. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes have been linked to insect deterrent properties. Based on initial screening of davana oil, davanone and its hydroxy precursors have been generated and are being evaluated as arthropod deterrents against disease vectors. SN 1934-578X EI 1555-9475 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1335 EP 1336 UT WOS:000359095800002 PM 26434107 ER PT J AU Coyne, CJ Pilet-Nayel, ML McGee, RJ Porter, LD Smykal, P Grunwald, NJ AF Coyne, Clarice J. Pilet-Nayel, Marie-Laure McGee, Rebecca J. Porter, Lyndon D. Smykal, Petr Gruenwald, Niklaus J. TI Identification of QTL controlling high levels of partial resistance to Fusarium solani f. sp pisi in pea SO PLANT BREEDING AB Fusarium root rot is a common biotic restraint on pea yields, and genetic resistance is the most feasible method for improving pea production. This study was conducted to discover quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling genetic partial resistance to Fusarium root rot caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f.sp. pisi (F.R. Jones) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans (Fsp). A RIL population was screened in a Fusarium root rot field disease nursery for 3years. Composite interval mapping was employed for QTL detection using the means of disease severity from three growing seasons. Five QTL were identified, including one QTL identified in all three years. The multiyear QTL Fsp-Ps2.1 contributed to a significant portion of the phenotypic variance (22.1-72.2%), while a second QTL, Fsp-Ps6.1, contributed 17.3% of the phenotypic variance. The other single growing season QTL are of additional interest as they colocate with previously reported pea-Fusarium root rot resistance QTL. QTL Fsp-Ps2.1, Fsp-Ps3.1, Fsp-4.1 and Fsp-Ps7.1 are flanked by codominant SSRs and may be useful in marker-assisted breeding of pea for high levels of partial resistance to Fsp. OI Smykal, Petr/0000-0002-6117-8510; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 SN 0179-9541 EI 1439-0523 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 134 IS 4 BP 446 EP 453 DI 10.1111/pbr.12287 UT WOS:000359064000011 ER PT J AU Schuller, S Arent, ZJ Gilmore, C Nally, J AF Schuller, S. Arent, Z. J. Gilmore, C. Nally, J. TI Prevalence of antileptospiral serum antibodies in dogs in Ireland SO VETERINARY RECORD AB A total of 474 serum samples from client owned Irish dogs were tested for the presence of antibodies to serovars Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Pomona, Altodouro, Grippotyphosa, Mozdok, Hardjobovis and Ballum. Six per cent of dogs presented to veterinary practitioners for problems unrelated to leptospirosis showed evidence of prior exposure to leptospiral serovars belonging to the serogropus Ballum, Australis, Pomona and Sejroe. One unvaccinated dog suspected to have leptospirosis showed seroconversion to serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. Based on these results the authors conclude that canine exposure to serogroup Ballum should be monitored because dogs may serve as sentinels for this serovar in the environment. Vaccination with multivalent vaccines containing serovar Bratislava in addition to serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola is advisable. SN 0042-4900 EI 2042-7670 PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 177 IS 5 BP 126 EP + DI 10.1136/vr.102916 UT WOS:000359073900020 PM 26198210 ER PT J AU Goebel, TS Lascano, RJ Paxton, PR Mahan, JR AF Goebel, T. S. Lascano, R. J. Paxton, P. R. Mahan, J. R. TI Rainwater use by irrigated cotton measured with stable isotopes of water SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT AB The natural rate of recharge for some groundwater systems, such as the Southern Ogallala Aquifer in the central United States, is smaller than the rate of annual withdrawals for irrigation. As aquifer depletion continues, efficient management of the water budget gains importance. Of interest is the use of rainwater by irrigated crops during the course of the growing season, as rain can account for an important amount of the water input in the semi-arid climate of the Texas High Plains. We tested the suitability of stable isotopes of water as a method to determine the source of water in the transpiration of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants from either rain or irrigation-water. We selected this method because irrigation water from the Ogallala Aquifer has a stable isotopic signature that can either be enriched or depleted when compared to the isotopic signature of water from any rain event. Cotton petioles were sampled before two rain events of 33 mm, and after every 2 h for two days. The water in the cotton petioles was extracted using cryogenic vacuum distillation and was analyzed for its isotopic signature. The results showed a shift of 29% from -7 (parts per thousand) to -5 delta O-18 (parts per thousand), which is similar to the isotopic signature of the rainwater (-4.2 delta O-18 (parts per thousand)). These results suggest that it is possible to use water stable isotopes to differentiate between rainwater and irrigation transpired by cotton under field conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 158 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.04.005 UT WOS:000358555400003 ER PT J AU Williams, MR King, KW Fausey, NR AF Williams, M. R. King, K. W. Fausey, N. R. TI Contribution of tile drains to basin discharge and nitrogen export in a headwater agricultural watershed SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT AB Nitrogen (N) fluxes from tile-drained agricultural watersheds have been implicated in water quality studies of the Mississippi River Basin, but the contribution of tile drains to N export in headwater watersheds is not well understood. The objective of this study was to ascertain seasonal and annual contributions of tile drainage to watershed discharge and N loading. Discharge and N concentration were measured at the outlet of an Ohio, USA agricultural headwater watershed and all tile drain outlets in the watershed from 2005 through 2012. Results showed that tile discharge accounted for 56% of annual watershed discharge over the 8-year study. Nitrate-N was the dominant form of N exported in both watershed and tile discharge with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 70.5 mg L-1. Watershed NO3-N concentration increased with increasing discharge up to the 75th percentile of flow where NO3-N concentrations reached an asymptote. This pattern indicates that tile contributions to stream NO3-N concentration were increasingly important as discharge increased, but other sources of water (e.g., precipitation, surface runoff) likely decreased stream NO3-N concentrations at the highest discharge rates. Annual watershed NO3-N load ranged from 12.4 to 39.6 kg ha(-1), with tile drainage contributing between 44 and 82% (mean: 62%) of annual watershed NO3-N export. Study results indicate that tile drainage is the primary factor controlling watershed discharge and N, especially NO3-N, export in systematically tile-drained agricultural headwater watersheds. Thus, in these landscapes, management practices that decrease NO3-N leaching to tile drains (e.g., reduced N application rates, cover crops) and reduce NO3-N loads (e.g., drainage water management) have the potential to improve downstream water quality. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 158 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.04.009 UT WOS:000358555400006 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL AF Bjorneberg, David L. TI Water temperature in irrigation return flow from the Upper Snake Rock watershed SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT AB The temperature of water can increase as it flows in irrigation canals, ditches and furrow irrigated fields, potentially increasing the temperature of irrigation return flow water. The objective of this study was to compare water temperature of irrigation return flow with the irrigation water diverted from the Snake River. Water temperature was measured weekly in the main irrigation canal and 23 return flow streams from 2005 to 2008 in the Upper Snake Rock (USR) watershed in Southern Idaho, USA. The USR is an 82,000 ha watershed with about 60% of the crop land surface irrigated and the remaining area sprinkler irrigated. Median annual water temperatures in irrigation return flow streams were not greater than the water diverted from the river, suggesting that water temperature does not increase as water flowed through the canal system and furrow irrigated fields. Water in 7 of the 13 return flow streams that received flow from subsurface drains had significantly lower temperatures than the main canal in at least two years of the four years. Median water temperature in July in seven return flow streams was also lower than the main canal. Results of this study indicate that water can be diverted from a river for irrigation without increasing the temperature of the irrigation return flow. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 158 BP 209 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.013 UT WOS:000358555400022 ER PT J AU Buelow, MC Steenwerth, K Silva, LCR Parikh, SJ AF Buelow, Maya C. Steenwerth, Kerri Silva, Lucas C. R. Parikh, Sanjai J. TI Characterization of Winery Wastewater for Reuse in California SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE AB More than thirty percent of the United States is currently in a drought that is expected to have profound social, economic, and environmental impacts. The intensification of drought conditions in southern and western regions of the country has spurred interest in wastewater reuse in agriculture, including in wine production. Presented here is the first data set of its kind to support California growers and vintners in the reuse of treated winery wastewater (WWW). The data provide a detailed description of California WWW, with particular emphasis on salinity, to enable the benefits and risks of land application to be assessed. Monthly samples were obtained over a 20-month period from 18 wineries in Ukiah, Napa, Lodi, King City, and Paso Robles. Samples collected before and after physicochemical and biological treatment were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation and anion concentrations, specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA(254)), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and biological oxygen demand (BOD5). The pH of the WWW varied widely (from 3 to 12). Organic parameters (SUVA254, DOC, and BOD5) showed that treatment effectively decreased organic carbon to levels that would not have negative effects on plant growth or soil. Cation concentrations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) in WWW were not reduced by treatment. These baseline data confirm that dissolved salts pose a challenge to the reuse of WWW. However, total salinity of the WWW was moderate (mean EC of 1.0 dS/m) and usually below risk thresholds for common winegrape rootstocks and soil salinity hazards. The conditions under which WWW could be recommended as a water management option in California are described. RI Parikh, Sanjai /F-3476-2011; Silva, Lucas/E-1202-2016 OI Parikh, Sanjai /0000-0002-5260-0417; Silva, Lucas/0000-0002-4838-327X SN 0002-9254 EI 1943-7749 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 66 IS 3 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.5344/ajev.2015.14110 UT WOS:000358768400005 ER PT J AU Shellie, K AF Shellie, Krista TI Foliar Reflective Film and Water Deficit Increase Anthocyanin to Soluble Solids Ratio during Berry Ripening in Merlot SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE AB Elevated temperatures can decrease the ratio of anthocyanins to soluble solids in red-skinned berries, and warming trends in grape production regions have raised concern about color to alcohol balance in wines produced from fruit with altered ratios. This study investigated the effect of a foliar reflective film on the ratio of anthocyanins to soluble solids in deficit-irrigated Merlot grapevines over a 5-year period. Vines were irrigated to provide 90 or 35% of estimated water demand (DI90 and DI35, respectively) and were either sprayed with a kaolin-based reflective film or left unsprayed using a replicated, split-plot design. During the 2008-2010 seasons, crop load was adjusted in half of the vines within each subplot by removing 50% of clusters prior to bloom. Regardless of crop load, the reflective film increased the ratio of anthocyanins to soluble solids in DI90 and DI35 when the concentration of soluble solids was 18 to 24%. The reflective film did not alleviate the decrease in yield or titratable acidity associated with water deficit, and it had no influence on yield per vine. However, it reduced the number of berries per cluster, especially in DI35-irrigated grapes. In DI90-irrigated vines, decreased berry number per cluster was associated with increased berry fresh weight and anthocyanin content per berry. Cluster removal influenced berry composition at harvest only under DI35 irrigation. The ratio of anthocyanins to soluble solids during ripening was higher in DI35-irrigated plants than in those under DI90 irrigation. Taken together, foliar reflective film combined with deficit irrigation increased the ratio of anthocyanins to soluble solids under arid conditions with high solar radiation. SN 0002-9254 EI 1943-7749 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 66 IS 3 BP 348 EP 356 DI 10.5344/ajev.2015.14121 UT WOS:000358768400009 ER PT J AU McConnel, C Lombard, J Wagner, B Kopral, C Garry, F AF McConnel, C. Lombard, J. Wagner, B. Kopral, C. Garry, F. TI Herd factors associated with dairy cow mortality SO ANIMAL AB A Summary studies of dairy cow removal indicate increasing levels of mortality over the past several decades. This poses a serious problem for the US dairy industry. The objective of this project was to evaluate associations between facilities, herd management practices, disease occurrence and death rates on US dairy operations through an analysis of the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Dairy 2007 survey. The survey included farms in 17 states that represented 79.5% of US dairy operations and 82.5% of the US dairy cow population. During the first phase of the study operations were randomly selected from a sampling list maintained by the National Agricultural Statistics Service. Only farms that participated in phase I and had 30 or more dairy cows were eligible to participate in phase II. In total, 459 farms had complete data for all selected variables and were included in this analysis. Univariable associations between dairy cow mortality and 162 a priori identified operation-level management practices or characteristics were evaluated. Sixty of the 162 management factors explored in the univariate analysis met initial screening criteria and were further evaluated in a multivariable model exploring more complex relationships. The final weighted, negative binomial regression model included six variables. Based on the incidence rate ratio, this model predicted 32.0% less mortality for operations that vaccinated heifers for at least one of the following: bovine viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Haemophilus somnus, leptospirosis, Salmonella, Escherichia coli or clostridia. The final multivariable model also predicted a 27.0% increase in mortality for operations from which a bulk tank milk sample tested ELISA positive for bovine leukosis virus. Additionally, an 18.0% higher mortality was predicted for operations that used necropsies to determine the cause of death for some proportion of dead dairy cows. The final model also predicted that increased proportions of dairy cows with clinical mastitis and infertility problems were associated with increased mortality. Finally, an increase in mortality was predicted to be associated with an increase in the proportion of lame or injured permanently removed dairy cows. In general terms, this model identified that mortality was associated with reproductive problems, non-infectious postpartum disease, infectious disease and infectious disease prevention, and information derived from postmortem evaluations. Ultimately, addressing excessive mortality levels requires a concerted effort that recognizes and appropriately manages the numerous and diverse underlying risks. SN 1751-7311 EI 1751-732X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1397 EP 1403 DI 10.1017/S1751731115000385 UT WOS:000358445100018 PM 25721925 ER PT J AU Mascarin, GM Jackson, MA Kobori, NN Behle, RW Dunlap, CA Delalibera, I AF Mascarin, Gabriel Moura Jackson, Mark A. Kobori, Nilce Naomi Behle, Robert W. Dunlap, Christopher A. Delalibera Junior, Italo TI Glucose concentration alters dissolved oxygen levels in liquid cultures of Beauveria bassiana and affects formation and bioefficacy of blastospores SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY AB The filamentous fungus Beauveria bassiana is an economically important pathogen of numerous arthropod pests and is able to grow in submerged culture as filaments (mycelia) or as budding yeast-like blastospores. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dissolved oxygen and high glucose concentrations on blastospore production by submerged cultures of two isolates of B. bassiana, ESALQ1432 and GHA. Results showed that maintaining adequate dissolved oxygen levels coupled with high glucose concentrations enhanced blastospore yields by both isolates. High glucose concentrations increased the osmotic pressure of the media and coincided with higher dissolved oxygen levels and increased production of significantly smaller blastospores compared with blastospores produced in media with lower concentrations of glucose. The desiccation tolerance of blastospores dried to less than 2.6 % moisture was not affected by the glucose concentration of the medium but was isolate dependent. Blastospores of isolate ESALQ1432 produced in media containing 140 g glucose L-1 showed greater virulence toward whitefly nymphs (Bemisia tabaci) as compared with blastospores produced in media containing 40 g glucose L-1. These results suggest a synergistic effect between glucose concentration and oxygen availability on changing morphology and enhancing the yield and efficacy of blastospores of B. bassiana, thereby facilitating the development of a cost-effective production method for this blastospore-based bioinsecticide. RI Mascarin, Gabriel/E-4646-2015 OI Mascarin, Gabriel/0000-0003-3517-6826 SN 0175-7598 EI 1432-0614 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 99 IS 16 BP 6653 EP 6665 DI 10.1007/s00253-015-6620-3 UT WOS:000358380300007 PM 25947245 ER PT J AU Byers, BE Akresh, ME King, DI AF Byers, Bruce E. Akresh, Michael E. King, David I. TI A proxy of social mate choice in prairie warblers is correlated with consistent, rapid, low-pitched singing SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY AB In songbirds, female mate choice may be influenced by how well a male performs his songs. Performing songs well may be especially difficult if it requires maximizing multiple aspects of performance simultaneously. We therefore hypothesized that, in a population of prairie warblers, the males most attractive to females would be those with superior performance in more than one facet of singing. We tested this prediction by comparing different aspects of song performance, as well as different combinations of these aspects, to determine which were the best predictors of first-egg date, which we took to be a proxy for social mate choice. We found that first-egg date was best predicted by a combination of song performance traits that included consistent performance, rapid rate, and low pitch. Female preference for males capable of physically challenging song performance may have contributed to the evolution of acoustically complex vocalizations in oscine songbirds, because if complex sounds are more difficult to perform, they may be favored by selection for signal reliability. SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 69 IS 8 BP 1275 EP 1286 DI 10.1007/s00265-015-1940-y UT WOS:000358734700004 ER PT J AU Buxton, TH Buffington, JM Tonina, D Fremier, AK Yager, EM AF Buxton, Todd H. Buffington, John M. Tonina, Daniele Fremier, Alexander K. Yager, Elowyn M. TI Modeling the influence of salmon spawning on hyporheic exchange of marine-derived nutrients in gravel stream beds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES AB Salmon that spawn in streams deliver marine-derived nutrients (MDN) that catalyze trophic productivity and support rearing juvenile salmon. Salmon spawning also affects hyporheic exchange and movement of dissolved MDN through the stream bed by creating redd topography that induces pumping exchange and by winnowing fine sediment and loosening the bed, which alters hydraulic conductivity and bed porosity. The spatial extent of spawning within the channel likely governs the volume and rate of dissolved MDN exchanged with the stream bed through this process. To explore this issue, we used a two-dimensional groundwater model to predict changes in hyporheic volume, flux, and mean hydraulic residence time of dissolved MDN as a function of the proportion of the bed surface occupied by redds (P). Predictions indicate that hyporheic volume and flux systematically increase with P, while the mean hydraulic residence time of dissolved MDN in the hyporheic zone decreases sharply with P, from 5.79 h on an unspawned bed (P = 0) to 0.03 h for a mass-spawned bed (P = 1.0). Shorter residence time results from hyporheic flux increasing faster than hyporheic volume with higher P. Implications for uptake of dissolved MDN are explored with Damkohler numbers, defined as the ratio of the mean hydraulic residence time to a biogeochemical rate of interest. Given the considerable influence of spawning on hyporheic exchange, additional research is needed to determine conditions under which bioassimilation of dissolved MDN is limited by nutrient supply, extent of the hyporheic zone, or processing rate of MDN in stream beds. RI Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012 OI Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013 SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1146 EP 1158 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0413 UT WOS:000358608600003 ER PT J AU Creed, IF McKnight, DM Pellerin, BA Green, MB Bergamaschi, BA Aiken, GR Burns, DA Findlay, SEG Shanley, JB Striegl, RG Aulenbach, BT Clow, DW Laudon, H McGlynn, BL McGuire, KJ Smith, RA Stackpoole, SM AF Creed, Irena F. McKnight, Diane M. Pellerin, Brian A. Green, Mark B. Bergamaschi, Brian A. Aiken, George R. Burns, Douglas A. Findlay, Stuart E. G. Shanley, Jamie B. Striegl, Rob G. Aulenbach, Brent T. Clow, David W. Laudon, Hjalmar McGlynn, Brian L. McGuire, Kevin J. Smith, Richard A. Stackpoole, Sarah M. TI The river as a chemostat: fresh perspectives on dissolved organic matter flowing down the river continuum SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES AB A better understanding is needed of how hydrological and biogeochemical processes control dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition from headwaters downstream to large rivers. We examined a large DOM dataset from the National Water Information System of the US Geological Survey, which represents approximately 100 000 measurements of DOC concentration and DOM composition at many sites along rivers across the United States. Application of quantile regression revealed a tendency towards downstream spatial and temporal homogenization of DOC concentrations and a shift from dominance of aromatic DOM in headwaters to more aliphatic DOM downstream. The DOC concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships at each site revealed a downstream tendency towards a slope of zero. We propose that despite complexities in river networks that have driven many revisions to the River Continuum Concept, rivers show a tendency towards chemostasis (C-Q slope of zero) because of a downstream shift from a dominance of hydrologic drivers that connect terrestrial DOM sources to streams in the headwaters towards a dominance of instream and near-stream biogeochemical processes that result in preferential losses of aromatic DOM and preferential gains of aliphatic DOM. RI McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010; Aulenbach, Brent/A-5848-2008; OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956; Green, Mark/0000-0002-7415-7209; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Aulenbach, Brent/0000-0003-2863-1288; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1272 EP 1285 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0400 UT WOS:000358608600013 ER PT J AU Miller, MM Bennett, KE Drolet, BS Lindsay, R Mecham, JO Reeves, WK Weingartl, HM Wilson, WC AF Miller, Myrna M. Bennett, Kristine E. Drolet, Barbara S. Lindsay, Robbin Mecham, James O. Reeves, Will K. Weingartl, Hana M. Wilson, William C. TI Evaluation of the Efficacy, Potential for Vector Transmission, and Duration of Immunity of MP-12, an Attenuated Rift Valley Fever Virus Vaccine Candidate, in Sheep SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY AB Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes serious disease in ruminants and humans in Africa. In North America, there are susceptible ruminant hosts and competent mosquito vectors, yet there are no fully licensed animal vaccines for this arthropod-borne virus, should it be introduced. Studies in sheep and cattle have found the attenuated strain of RVFV, MP-12, to be both safe and efficacious based on early testing, and a 2-year conditional license for use in U.S. livestock has been issued. The purpose of this study was to further determine the vaccine's potential to infect mosquitoes, the duration of humoral immunity to 24 months , and the ability to prevent disease and viremia from a virulent challenge. Vaccination experiments conducted in sheep found no evidence of a potential for vector transmission to 4 North American mosquito species. Neutralizing antibodies were elicited, with titers of > 1:40 still present at 24 months postvaccination. Vaccinates were protected from clinical signs and detectable viremia after challenge with virulent virus, while control sheep had fever and high-titered viremia extending for 5 days. Antibodies to three viral proteins (nucleocapsid N, the N-terminal half of glycoprotein GN, and the nonstructural protein from the short segment NSs) were also detected to 24 months using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. This study demonstrates that the MP-12 vaccine given as a single dose in sheep generates protective immunity to a virulent challenge with antibody duration of at least 2 years, with no evidence of a risk for vector transmission. SN 1556-6811 EI 1556-679X PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 BP 930 EP 937 DI 10.1128/CVI.00114-15 UT WOS:000358668600012 PM 26041042 ER PT J AU Dashti, HS Follis, JL Smith, CE Tanaka, T Garaulet, M Gottlieb, DJ Hruby, A Jacques, PF Kiefte-de Jong, JC Lamon-Fava, S Scheer, FAJL Bartz, TM Kovanen, L Wojczynski, MK Frazier-Wood, AC Ahluwalia, TS Perala, MM Jonsson, A Muka, T Kalafati, IP Mikkila, V Ordovas, JM AF Dashti, Hassan S. Follis, Jack L. Smith, Caren E. Tanaka, Toshiko Garaulet, Marta Gottlieb, Daniel J. Hruby, Adela Jacques, Paul F. Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C. Lamon-Fava, Stefania Scheer, Frank A. J. L. Bartz, Traci M. Kovanen, Leena Wojczynski, Mary K. Frazier-Wood, Alexis C. Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. Perala, Mia-Maria Jonsson, Anna Muka, Taulant Kalafati, Ioanna P. Mikkila, Vera Ordovas, Jose M. CA CHARGE Nutr Study Grp TI Gene-Environment Interactions of Circadian-Related Genes for Cardiometabolic Traits SO DIABETES CARE AB OBJECTIVE Common circadian-related gene variants associate with increased risk for metabolic alterations including type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about whether diet and sleep could modify associations between circadian-related variants (CLOCK-rs1801260, CRY2-rs11605924, MTNR1B-rs1387153, MTNR1B-rs10830963, NR1D1-rs2314339) and cardiometabolic traits (fasting glucose [FG], HOMA-insulin resistance, BMI, waist circumference, and HDL-cholesterol) to facilitate personalized recommendations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted inverse-variance weighted, fixed-effect meta-analyses of results of adjusted associations and interactions between dietary intake/sleep duration and selected variants on cardiometabolic traits from 15 cohort studies including up to 28,190 participants of European descent from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium. RESULTS We observed significant associations between relative macronutrient intakes and glycemic traits and short sleep duration (<7 h) and higher FG and replicated known MTNR1B associations with glycemic traits. No interactions were evident after accounting for multiple comparisons. However, we observed nominally significant interactions (all P < 0.01) between carbohydrate intake and MTNR1B-rs1387153 for FG with a 0.003 mmol/L higher FG with each additional 1% carbohydrate intake in the presence of the T allele, between sleep duration and CRY2-rs11605924 for HDL-cholesterol with a 0.010 mmol/L higher HDL-cholesterol with each additional hour of sleep in the presence of the A allele, and between long sleep duration (>= 9 h) and MTNR1B-rs1387153 for BMI with a 0.60 kg/m(2) higher BMI with long sleep duration in the presence of the T allele relative to normal sleep duration (>= 7 to < 9 h). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that lower carbohydrate intake and normal sleep duration may ameliorate cardiometabolic abnormalities conferred by common circadian-related genetic variants. Until further mechanistic examination of the nominally significant interactions is conducted, recommendations applicable to the general population regarding diet-specifically higher carbohydrate and lower fat composition-and normal sleep duration should continue to be emphasized among individuals with the investigated circadian-related gene variants. RI Deloukas, Panos/B-2922-2013; OI Deloukas, Panos/0000-0001-9251-070X; Dashti, Hassan S/0000-0002-1650-679X; Kovanen, Leena/0000-0002-3552-124X; Mannisto, Satu/0000-0002-8668-3046; Lahti, Jari/0000-0002-4310-5297; Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica/0000-0002-8136-0918; Jorgensen, Torben/0000-0001-9453-2830; Linneberg, Allan/0000-0002-0994-0184 SN 0149-5992 EI 1935-5548 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1456 EP 1466 DI 10.2337/dc14-2709 UT WOS:000358673200021 PM 26084345 ER PT J AU Siebers, MH Yendrek, CR Drag, D Locke, AM Acosta, LR Leakey, ADB Ainsworth, EA Bernacchi, CJ Ort, DR AF Siebers, Matthew H. Yendrek, Craig R. Drag, David Locke, Anna M. Acosta, Lorena Rios Leakey, Andrew D. B. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Bernacchi, Carl J. Ort, Donald R. TI Heat waves imposed during early pod development in soybean (Glycine max) cause significant yield loss despite a rapid recovery from oxidative stress SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB Heat waves already have a large impact on crops and are predicted to become more intense and more frequent in the future. In this study, heat waves were imposed on soybean using infrared heating technology in a fully open-air field experiment. Five separate heat waves were applied to field-grown soybean (Glycine max) in central Illinois, three in 2010 and two in 2011. Thirty years of historical weather data from Illinois were analyzed to determine the length and intensity of a regionally realistic heat wave resulting in experimental heat wave treatments during which day and night canopy temperatures were elevated 6 degrees C above ambient for 3days. Heat waves were applied during early or late reproductive stages to determine whether and when heat waves had an impact on carbon metabolism and seed yield. By the third day of each heat wave, net photosynthesis (A), specific leaf weight (SLW), and leaf total nonstructural carbohydrate concentration (TNC) were decreased, while leaf oxidative stress was increased. However, A, SLW, TNC, and measures of oxidative stress were no different than the control ca. 12h after the heat waves ended, indicating rapid physiological recovery from the high-temperature stress. That end of season seed yield was reduced (similar to 10%) only when heat waves were applied during early pod developmental stages indicates the yield loss had more to do with direct impacts of the heat waves on reproductive process than on photosynthesis. Soybean was unable to mitigate yield loss after heat waves given during late reproductive stages. This study shows that short high-temperature stress events that reduce photosynthesis and increase oxidative stress resulted in significant losses to soybean production in the Midwest, U.S. The study also suggests that to mitigate heat wave-induced yield loss, soybean needs improved reproductive and photosynthetic tolerance to high but increasingly common temperatures. RI Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016; OI Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X; Rios-Acosta, Lorena/0000-0003-1694-6506 SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 PD AUG PY 2015 VL 21 IS 8 BP 3114 EP 3125 DI 10.1111/gcb.12935 UT WOS:000358485200025 PM 25845935 ER EF