FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Thompson, MP Freeborn, P Rieck, JD Calkin, DE Gilbertson-Day, JW Cochrane, MA Hand, MS AF Thompson, Matthew P. Freeborn, Patrick Rieck, Jon D. Calkin, David E. Gilbertson-Day, Julie W. Cochrane, Mark A. Hand, Michael S. TI Quantifying the influence of previously burned areas on suppression effectiveness and avoided exposure: a case study of the Las Conchas Fire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE burn probability modelling; fire-on-fire interactions; landscape conditions; wildland fire management ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; FUELS TREATMENTS; NATIONAL FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; WILDERNESS AREAS; LARGE WILDFIRES; UNITED-STATES; SEVERITY; USA; SIMULATION AB We present a case study of the Las Conchas Fire (2011) to explore the role of previously burned areas (wildfires and prescribed fires) on suppression effectiveness and avoided exposure. Methodological innovations include characterisation of the joint dynamics of fire growth and suppression activities, development of a fire line effectiveness framework, and quantification of relative fire line efficiencies inside and outside of previously burned areas. We provide descriptive statistics of several fire line effectiveness metrics. Additionally, we leverage burn probability modelling to examine how burned areas could have affected fire spread potential and subsequent exposure of highly valued resources and assets to fire. Results indicate that previous large fires exhibited significant and variable impacts on suppression effectiveness and fire spread potential. Most notably the Cerro Grande Fire (2000) likely exerted a significant and positive influence on containment, and in the absence of that fire the community of Los Alamos and the Los Alamos National Laboratory could have been exposed to higher potential for loss. Although our scope of inference is limited results are consistent with other research, suggesting that fires can exert negative feedbacks that can reduce resistance to control and enhance the effectiveness of suppression activities on future fires. C1 [Thompson, Matthew P.; Freeborn, Patrick; Rieck, Jon D.; Calkin, David E.; Hand, Michael S.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 East Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Gilbertson-Day, Julie W.] Pyrologix LLC, 111 North Higgins Ave,Suite 404, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. [Cochrane, Mark A.] S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Excellence, Geog Informat Sci, 1021 Medary Ave,Wecota Hall,Box 506B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 East Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mpthompson02@fs.fed.us FU National Fire Decision Support Center; Rocky Mountain Research Station; NASA Applied Sciences Program [11-FIRES11-0039-ARL-EP] FX Thanks to Bill Armstrong and Emily Irwin for their helpful discussions and field visits to the Las Conchas Fire sites, and to Sean Parks for his review and suggested literature. Anonymous reviewer comments were also helpful. This effort was supported by the National Fire Decision Support Center, the Rocky Mountain Research Station, and the NASA Applied Sciences Program under grant number 11-FIRES11-0039-ARL-EP. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 BP 167 EP 181 DI 10.1071/WF14216 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8EV UT WOS:000371591000005 ER PT J AU Parks, SA Miller, C Holsinger, LM Baggett, LS Bird, BJ AF Parks, Sean A. Miller, Carol Holsinger, Lisa M. Baggett, L. Scott Bird, Benjamin J. TI Wildland fire limits subsequent fire occurrence SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE age-dependence; failure time analysis; fire as a fuel treatment; fire history; hazard analysis; ignition; self-limiting; self-regulation; survival analysis; wilderness ID BOREAL FOREST; NATIONAL-PARK; WILDERNESS AREAS; INTERIOR ALASKA; SPATIAL-PATTERN; GLOBAL PATTERNS; BURN SEVERITY; CENSORED-DATA; FUEL; CALIFORNIA AB Several aspects of wildland fire are moderated by site- and landscape-level vegetation changes caused by previous fire, thereby creating a dynamic where one fire exerts a regulatory control on subsequent fire. For example, wildland fire has been shown to regulate the size and severity of subsequent fire. However, wildland fire has the potential to influence other properties of subsequent fire. One of those properties - the extent to which a previous wildland fire inhibits new fires from igniting and spreading within its perimeter - is the focus of our study. In four large wilderness study areas in the western United States (US), we evaluated whether or not wildland fire regulated the ignition and spread (hereafter occurrence) of subsequent fire. Results clearly indicate that wildland fire indeed regulates subsequent occurrence of fires20ha in all study areas. We also evaluated the longevity of the regulating effect and found that wildland fire limits subsequent fire occurrence for nine years in the warm/dry study area in the south-western US and over 20 years in the cooler/wetter study areas in the northern Rocky Mountains. Our findings expand upon our understanding of the regulating capacity of wildland fire and the importance of wildland fire in creating and maintaining resilience to future fire events. C1 [Parks, Sean A.; Miller, Carol; Holsinger, Lisa M.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 East Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Baggett, L. Scott; Bird, Benjamin J.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Parks, SA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 East Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM sean_parks@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program under JFSP Project [12-1-03-19] FX We thank M-A Parisien for thoughtful comments that improved this manuscript significantly. Funding was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program under JFSP Project 12-1-03-19. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1071/WF15107 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8EV UT WOS:000371591000006 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Boyd, CS Bates, JD Hulet, A AF Davies, Kirk W. Boyd, Chad S. Bates, Jon D. Hulet, April TI Winter grazing can reduce wildfire size, intensity and behaviour in a shrub-grassland SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE cattle grazing; fire behaviour; fire management; fuel management; rangeland; sagebrush; wildfire suppression ID SAGEBRUSH PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NORTHERN GREAT-BASIN; EXOTIC ANNUAL GRASS; MOISTURE-CONTENT; BROMUS-TECTORUM; FUEL MOISTURE; SAGE-GROUSE; VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS; FIRE DISTURBANCE; UNITED-STATES AB An increase in mega-fires and wildfires is a global issue that is expected to become worse with climate change. Fuel treatments are often recommended to moderate behaviour and decrease severity of wildfires; however, the extensive nature of rangelands limits the use of many treatments. Dormant-season grazing has been suggested as a rangeland fuel treatment, but its effects on fire characteristics are generally unknown. We investigated the influence of dormant-season (winter) grazing by cattle (Bos taurus) on fuel characteristics, fire behaviour and area burned in Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis) shrub-grassland communities in south-eastern Oregon, USA. Winter grazing was applied for 5 years before burning and compared with ungrazed areas. Winter grazing decreased fine fuels and increased fine fuel moisture, which reduced flame height and depth, rate of spread and area burned. Winter-grazed areas also had lower maximum temperature and heat loading during fires than ungrazed areas, and thereby decreased risk of fire-induced mortality of important herbaceous functional groups. These results suggest that winter grazing may be a fuel management treatment that can be applied across vast shrub-grasslands to decrease wildfire risk and fire intensity to mediate climate change effects on wildfire activity. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Boyd, Chad S.; Bates, Jon D.; Hulet, April] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 22 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1071/WF15055 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8EV UT WOS:000371591000007 ER PT J AU Bova, AS Mell, WE Hoffman, CM AF Bova, Anthony S. Mell, William E. Hoffman, Chad M. TI A comparison of level set and marker methods for the simulation of wildland fire front propagation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE WFDS ID MODEL AB Simulating an advancing fire front may be achieved within a Lagrangian or Eulerian framework. In the former, independently moving markers are connected to form a fire front, whereas in the latter, values representing the moving front are calculated at points within a fixed grid. Despite a mathematical equivalence between the two methods, it is not clear that both will produce the same results when implemented numerically. Here, we describe simulations of fire spread created using a level set Eulerian approach (as implemented in the wildland-urban interface fire dynamics simulator, WFDS) and a marker method (as implemented in FARSITE). Simulations of surface fire spread, in two different fuels and over domains of increasing topographical complexity, are compared to evaluate the difference in outcomes between the two models. The differences between the results of the two models are minor, especially compared with the uncertainties inherent in the modelling of fire spread. C1 [Bova, Anthony S.] CPP Inc, 2400 Midpoint Dr,Suite 190, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Mell, William E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 North 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Hoffman, Chad M.] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources Forest & Rangeland Stew, 1472 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Mell, WE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 North 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM wemell@fs.fed.us OI Hoffman, Chad/0000-0001-8715-937X FU USFS Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory [12-JV-11261987-102]; Colorado State University [12-JV-11261987-102]; Joint Fire Science Project [14-1-01-18] FX Funding for this work was provided primarily by Joint Venture Agreement 12-JV-11261987-102 between the USFS Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory and Colorado State University and Joint Fire Science Project 14-1-01-18. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1071/WF13178 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8EV UT WOS:000371591000011 ER PT J AU Shakesby, RA Moody, JA Martin, DA Robichaud, PR AF Shakesby, Richard A. Moody, John A. Martin, Deborah A. Robichaud, Peter R. TI Synthesising empirical results to improve predictions of post-wildfire runoff and erosion response SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE ash; climate change; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; overland flow; precipitation; scale ID SOIL-EROSION; DEBRIS FLOWS; RAINFALL; FOREST; FIRE; INFILTRATION; ASH AB Advances in research into wildfire impacts on runoff and erosion have demonstrated increasing complexity of controlling factors and responses, which, combined with changing fire frequency, present challenges for modellers. We convened a conference attended by experts and practitioners in post-wildfire impacts, meteorology and related research, including modelling, to focus on priority research issues. The aim was to improve our understanding of controls and responses and the predictive capabilities of models. This conference led to the eight selected papers in this special issue. They address aspects of the distinctiveness in the controls and responses among wildfire regions, spatiotemporal rainfall variability, infiltration, runoff connectivity, debris flow formation and modelling applications. Here we summarise key findings from these papers and evaluate their contribution to improving understanding and prediction of post-wildfire runoff and erosion under changes in climate, human intervention and population pressure on wildfire-prone areas. C1 [Shakesby, Richard A.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Robichaud, Peter R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 South Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Shakesby, RA (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. EM r.a.shakesby@swansea.ac.uk FU US Geological Survey; US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Joint Fire Science Program; Nature Conservancy; Paige Lewis; Decagon Services; National Science Foundation; American Geophysical Union; College of Science, Swansea University FX The effort to make improvements in predicting post-wildfire responses is not trivial, but this initial step was the result of support from the US Geological Survey, US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Joint Fire Science Program, The Nature Conservancy, and particularly Paige Lewis, Decagon Services, National Science Foundation, American Geophysical Union, and College of Science, Swansea University. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.1071/WF16021 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8QF UT WOS:000371622400001 ER PT J AU Sidman, G Guertin, DP Goodrich, DC Unkrich, CL Burns, IS AF Sidman, Gabriel Guertin, D. Phillip Goodrich, David C. Unkrich, Carl L. Burns, I. Shea TI Risk assessment of post-wildfire hydrological response in semiarid basins: the effects of varying rainfall representations in the KINEROS2/AGWA model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Bandelier National Monument; design storm; peak flow; radar; rainfall representation; Zion National Park ID SURFACE RUNOFF; UNITED-STATES; SCALE; INFILTRATION; VARIABILITY; COLORADO; FIRE; UNCERTAINTY; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION AB Representation of precipitation is one of the most difficult aspects of modelling post-fire runoff and erosion and also one of the most sensitive input parameters to rainfall-runoff models. The impact of post-fire convective rainstorms, especially in semiarid watersheds, depends on the overlap between locations of high-intensity rainfall and areas of high-severity burns. One of the most useful applications of models in post-fire situations is risk assessment to quantify peak flow and identify areas at high risk of flooding and erosion. This study used the KINEROS2/AGWA model to compare several spatial and temporal rainfall representations of post-fire rainfall-runoff events to determine the effect of differing representations on modelled peak flow and determine at-risk locations within a watershed. Post-fire rainfall-runoff events at Zion National Park in Utah and Bandelier National Monument in New Mexico were modelled. Representations considered included both uniform and Soil Conservation Service Type II hyetographs, applying rain over the entire watershed and applying rain only on the burned area, and varying rainfall both temporally and spatially according to radar data. Results showed that rainfall representation greatly affected modelled peak flow, but did not significantly alter the model's predictions for high-risk locations. This has important implications for post-fire assessments before a flood-inducing rainfall event, or for post-storm assessments in areas with low-gauge density or lack of radar data due to mountain beam blockage. C1 [Sidman, Gabriel; Guertin, D. Phillip; Burns, I. Shea] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1311 East 4th St,Suite 325, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Goodrich, David C.; Unkrich, Carl L.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 East Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Sidman, G (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1311 East 4th St,Suite 325, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gabriel.sidman@winrock.org FU National Park Service via Interagency Agreement FX Thank you to Zion National Park hydrologist David Sharrow, Southern Colorado Plateau Inventory and Monitoring Network hydrologist Stephen Monroe, Bandelier staff Brian Jacobs and Kay Beeley, and Craig Allen of the USGS for their support of this project and providing invaluable data. Thank you also to Brian Mcinerney of NOAA for providing and interpretation of radar data. Financial support provided by the National Park Service via an Interagency Agreement is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1071/WF14071 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8QF UT WOS:000371622400003 ER PT J AU Williams, CJ Pierson, FB Robichaud, PR Al-Hamdan, OZ Boll, J Strand, EK AF Williams, C. Jason Pierson, Frederick B. Robichaud, Peter R. Al-Hamdan, Osama Z. Boll, Jan Strand, Eva K. TI Structural and functional connectivity as a driver of hillslope erosion following disturbance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE ecohydrology; fire effects; infiltration; risk assessment; runoff; soil erosion; vegetation transition; wildfire; woodland encroachment ID DEBRIS-FLOW INITIATION; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; STORM KING MOUNTAIN; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; POSTFIRE EROSION; OVERLAND-FLOW; SOIL-EROSION; HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY; JUNIPER ENCROACHMENT; CONCENTRATED FLOW AB Hydrologic response to rainfall on fragmented or burnt hillslopes is strongly influenced by the ensuing connectivity of runoff and erosion processes. Yet cross-scale process connectivity is seldom evaluated in field studies owing to scale limitations in experimental design. This study quantified surface susceptibility and hydrologic response across point to hillslope scales at two degraded unburnt and burnt woodland sites using rainfall simulation and hydrologic modelling. High runoff (31-47 mm) and erosion (154-1893 g m(-2)) measured at the patch scale (13 m(2)) were associated with accumulation of fine-scale (0.5-m(2)) splash-sheet runoff and sediment and concentrated flow formation through contiguous bare zones (64-85% bare ground). Burning increased the continuity of runoff and sediment availability and yield. Cumulative runoff was consistent across plot scales whereas erosion increased with increasing plot area due to enhanced sediment detachment and transport. Modelled hillslope-scale runoff and erosion reflected measured patch-scale trends and the connectivity of processes and sediment availability. The cross-scale experiments and model predictions indicate the magnitude of hillslope response is governed by rainfall input and connectivity of surface susceptibility, sediment availability, and runoff and erosion processes. The results demonstrate the importance in considering cross-scale structural and functional connectivity when forecasting hydrologic and erosion responses to disturbances. C1 [Williams, C. Jason; Pierson, Frederick B.; Al-Hamdan, Osama Z.] ARS, USDA, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Williams, C. Jason; Boll, Jan] Univ Idaho, Environm Sci & Water Resources, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 1142, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Robichaud, Peter R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 South Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Al-Hamdan, Osama Z.; Boll, Jan] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 0904, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Strand, Eva K.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 1133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Williams, CJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA.; Williams, CJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Environm Sci & Water Resources, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 1142, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jason.williams@ars.usda.gov OI Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789 FU US Joint Fire Science Program; Bureau of Land Management; National Interagency Fire Center FX This manuscript results from a presentation at the American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on Synthesising Empirical Results to Improve Predictions of Post-wildfire Runoff and Erosion Responses, Estes Park, Colorado, USA, 25-31 August 2013. The authors thank the conference conveners for organising the conference, inviting our presentation, and facilitating extensive discussion and synthesis on the state of knowledge regarding post-wildfire runoff and erosion research. This paper is Contribution Number 106 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program, the Bureau of Land Management and the National Interagency Fire Center. The authors also thank Patrick Kormos for supervision of field data collection and Jaime Calderon and Matthew Frisby for assistance with field data collection. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 74 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 16 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 306 EP 321 DI 10.1071/WF14114 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8QF UT WOS:000371622400006 ER PT J AU Robichaud, PR Elliot, WJ Lewis, SA Miller, ME AF Robichaud, Peter R. Elliot, William J. Lewis, Sarah A. Miller, Mary Ellen TI Validation of a probabilistic post-fire erosion model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE erosion prediction; FS WEPP; post-fire assessment; probabilistic model ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOIL-EROSION; MITIGATION TREATMENT; HILLSLOPE EROSION; SEDIMENT YIELDS; WEPP; PREDICTION; WILDFIRE; RUNOFF; FIRE AB Post-fire increases of runoff and erosion often occur and land managers need tools to be able to project the increased risk. The Erosion Risk Management Tool (ERMiT) uses the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model as the underlying processor. ERMiT predicts the probability of a given amount of hillslope sediment delivery from a single rainfall or snowmelt event on unburned, burned and recovering forest, range and chaparral hillslopes and the effectiveness of selected mitigation treatments. Eight published field study sites were used to compare ERMiT predictions with observed sediment deliveries. Most sites experienced only a few rainfall events that produced runoff and sediment (1.3-9.2%) except for a California site with a Mediterranean climate (45.6%). When sediment delivery occurred, pooled Spearman rank correlations indicated significant correlations between the observed sediment delivery and those predicted by ERMiT. Correlations were rho = 0.65 for the controls, rho = 0.59 for the log erosion barriers and rho = 0.27 (not significant) for the mulch treatments. Half of the individual sites also had significant correlations, as did 6 of 7 compared post-fire years. These model validation results suggest reasonable estimates of probabilistic post-fire hillslope sediment delivery when compared with observations from eight field sites. C1 [Robichaud, Peter R.; Elliot, William J.; Lewis, Sarah A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 South Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Miller, Mary Ellen] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Technol Res Inst, 3600 Green Court,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Robichaud, PR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 South Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM probichaud@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 337 EP 350 DI 10.1071/WF14171 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8QF UT WOS:000371622400008 ER PT J AU Sidman, G Guertin, DP Goodrich, DC Thoma, D Falk, D Burns, IS AF Sidman, Gabriel Guertin, D. Phillip Goodrich, David C. Thoma, David Falk, Donald Burns, I. Shea TI A coupled modelling approach to assess the effect of fuel treatments on post-wildfire runoff and erosion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE AGWA; Bryce Canyon National Park; fire effects; watershed; WFAT; Zion National Park ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PRESCRIBED FIRE; WILDLAND FIRE; MORTALITY; SEVERITY; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; REGIMES; LIDAR AB The hydrological consequences of wildfires are among their most significant and long-lasting effects. As wildfire severity affects post-fire hydrological response, fuel treatments can be a useful tool for land managers to moderate this response. However, current models focus on only one aspect of the fire-watershed linkage (fuel treatments, fire behaviour, fire severity, watershed responses). This study outlines a spatial modelling approach that couples three models used sequentially to allow managers to model the effects of fuel treatments on post-fire hydrological responses. Case studies involving a planned prescribed fire at Zion National Park and a planned mechanical thinning at Bryce Canyon National Park were used to demonstrate the approach. Fuel treatments were modelled using FuelCalc and FlamMap within the Wildland Fire Assessment Tool (WFAT). The First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) within WFAT was then used to evaluate the effectiveness of the fuel treatments by modelling wildfires on both treated and untreated landscapes. Post-wildfire hydrological response was then modelled using KINEROS2 within the Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment tool (AGWA). This coupled model approach could help managers estimate the effect of planned fuel treatments on wildfire severity and post-wildfire runoff or erosion, and compare various fuel treatment scenarios to optimise resources and maximise mitigation results. C1 [Sidman, Gabriel; Guertin, D. Phillip; Falk, Donald; Burns, I. Shea] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1311 E 4th St,Ste 325, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Goodrich, David C.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Thoma, David] NPS, Northern Colorado Plateau Network, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Sidman, G (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1311 E 4th St,Ste 325, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gabriel.sidman@winrock.org FU National Park Service; Joint Fire Science Program FX This research was made possible through funding from the National Park Service and the Joint Fire Science Program. We thank the staff of Zion and Bryce Canyon national parks, especially David Sharrow, Katie Walsh and Katie Johnson who helped design the case studies presented in this paper. Thank you also to Yoganand Korgaonkar for AGWA technical support, and Kim Ernstrom and Dale Hamilton for WFAT technical support. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 351 EP 362 DI 10.1071/WF14058 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8QF UT WOS:000371622400009 ER PT S AU Hnasko, RM Lin, AV Stanker, LH Bala, K McGarvey, JA AF Hnasko, Robert M. Lin, Alice V. Stanker, Larry H. Bala, Kumar McGarvey, Jeffery A. BE Micic, M TI Prion Extraction Methods: Comparison of Bead Beating, Ultrasonic Disruption, and Repeated Freeze-Thaw Methodologies for the Recovery of Functional Renilla-Prion Fusion Protein from Bacteria SO SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL, PLANT, AND ANIMAL SAMPLES SE Springer Protocols Handbooks LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE E. coli; Protein extraction; Fusion protein; Bead beating; Ultrasonic disruption; Freeze-thaw; Renilla; Luciferase; Coelenterazine; Prion; Immunoassay ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AFFINITY TAGS; LUCIFERASE; PURIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; SOLUBILITY; EXPRESSION; SYSTEMS AB Molecular DNA technology allows for production of mammalian proteins in bacteria at sufficient quantities for downstream use and analysis. Variation in design and engineering of DNA expression vectors imparts selective alterations resulting in the generation of fusion proteins with intrinsic reporters or tags used to facilitate their isolation or detection. A multitude of methods are available for the disruption of bacteria that aid in the recovery of recombinant protein. Here we compare three standard methods for the disruption of bacteria (bead beating, repeated freeze-thaw, and ultrasonic disruption) and evaluate the yield of a functional recombinant renilla-prion fusion protein from crude bacterial extracts. This report provides methods and guidance to maximize the yield of recombinant fusion proteins from bacteria for downstream applications. C1 [Hnasko, Robert M.; Lin, Alice V.] USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Stanker, Larry H.; McGarvey, Jeffery A.] USDA ARS, Foodborne Toxin Detect & Prevent, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bala, Kumar] MP Biomed LLC, 3 Hutton Ctr Dr, Santa Ana, CA 92707 USA. RP Hnasko, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Robert.Hnasko@ars.usda.gov; alice.lin@ars.usda.gov; larry.stanker@ars.usda.gov; kumar.bala@mpbio.com; jeffery.mcgarvey@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1949-2448 BN 978-1-4939-3185-9; 978-1-4939-3184-2 J9 SPRINGER PROTOC HAND PY 2016 BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3185-9_28 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3185-9 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BE4EL UT WOS:000371627100030 ER PT J AU Yeng, WS Meerow, AW Croat, TB AF Yeng, Wong Sin Meerow, Alan W. Croat, Thomas B. TI Resurrection and New Species of the Neotropical Genus Adelonema (Araceae: Philodendron Clade) SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Curmeria; Homalomena; ITS; matK; new combinations; taxonomy ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; SHOOT ORGANIZATION; SCHOTT ARACEAE; DNA-SEQUENCES; INFERENCE; ROOTS; MATK; ALIGNMENT; PATTERNS; MODELS AB Previous studies have shown Hontalomena as traditionally defined to be polyphyletic, with Neotropical species phylogenetically distinct from Asian species. This study of 29 accessions of 10 Neotropical taxa, and a total of 135 accessions representing 92 taxa of Homalomena, Furtadoa, and Philodendron for nuclear ITS and plastid matK regions, supports resurrection of the genus Adelonema for Neotropical species currently assigned to Homalomena. Adelonema is here delimited as a Neotropical genus of 16 species divided into two new sections: sect. Adelonema and sect. Curmeria, based on morphologically supported molecular results. The genus Adelonema is distinguished by a hypogeal rhizome, crushed vegetative tissues smelling of anise, an extensively sheathing, sometimes prickly petiole, chartaceous often variegated leaf blades, a spadix either obliquely inserted on the spathe/peduncle (sect. Adelonema), or stipitate (sect. Curmeria), ovaries with 2-4-pluriovulate locules, and anatropous ovules on an axile placenta. Four new species are described: Adelonema orientalis, A. palidinervia, A. panamensis, and A. yanamonoensis. Eleven new combinations are made: Adelonema allenii, A. crinipes, A. hannnelii, A. kvistii, A. moffleriana, A. peltata, A. picturata, A. roezlii, A. speariae, A. wallisii, and A. wendlandii. C1 [Yeng, Wong Sin] Univ Malaysia Sarawak, Fac Resource Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Sci & Environm Ecol, Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia. [Yeng, Wong Sin] Harvard Univ Herbaria, 22 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Meerow, Alan W.] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Croat, Thomas B.] Missouri Bot Garden, Monsanto Res Bldg,POB 299, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Yeng, WS (reprint author), Univ Malaysia Sarawak, Fac Resource Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Sci & Environm Ecol, Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia.; Yeng, WS (reprint author), Harvard Univ Herbaria, 22 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sywong@unimas.my FU Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia [ERGS/01(02)/808/2011(03), FRGS/STWN10(01)985/2013 (26), NRGS/1089/2013-(03)] FX This study was partially funded by Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia through No. ERGS/01(02)/808/2011(03), FRGS/STWN10(01)985/2013 (26) and NRGS/1089/2013-(03). Many thanks to Carla V. Kostelac for her assistance in image searching. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI LARAMIE PA UNIV WYOMING, DEPT BOTANY 3165, 1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA SN 0363-6445 EI 1548-2324 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2016 VL 41 IS 1 BP 32 EP 48 DI 10.1600/036364416X690732 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA DF9AY UT WOS:000371653800006 ER PT J AU Berthiller, F Brera, C Crews, C Iha, MH Krska, R Lattanzio, VMT MacDonald, S Malone, RJ Maragos, C Solfrizzo, M Stroka, J Whitaker, TB AF Berthiller, F. Brera, C. Crews, C. Iha, M. H. Krska, R. Lattanzio, V. M. T. MacDonald, S. Malone, R. J. Maragos, C. Solfrizzo, M. Stroka, J. Whitaker, T. B. TI Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2014-2015 SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE aflatoxin; Alternaria toxins; ergot alkaloids; fumonisin; ochratoxin A; patulin; trichothecene; zearalenone; sampling; multi-mycotoxin; botanicals; method development ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ROLLING CIRCLE AMPLIFICATION; HIGHLY SENSITIVE DETECTION; STABLE-ISOTOPE DILUTION; MULTI-TOXIN METHOD; FUMONISIN B-1; LC-MS/MS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AB This review summarises developments in the determination of mycotoxins over a period between mid-2014 and mid-2015. In tradition with previous articles of this series, analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in proper sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are new methods used to analyse botanicals and spices and newly developed LC-MS based multi-mycotoxin methods. The critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address shortcomings of current methodologies. C1 [Berthiller, F.; Krska, R.] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Christian Doppler Lab Mycotoxin Metab, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, A-3430 Vienna, Austria. [Berthiller, F.; Krska, R.] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Ctr Analyt Chem, Dept Agrobiotechnol IFA Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, A-3430 Vienna, Austria. [Brera, C.] ISS, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Food Safety, GMO & Mycotoxins Unit, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Crews, C.; MacDonald, S.] Fera Sci Ltd, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Iha, M. H.] Adolfo Lutz Inst, Lab Ribeiro Preto 1, Rua Minas 877, BR-14085410 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [Lattanzio, V. M. T.; Solfrizzo, M.] CNR, ISPA, Via Amendola 122-O, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Malone, R. J.] Tril Analyt Lab, 870 Vossbrink Dr, Washington, MO 63090 USA. [Maragos, C.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Stroka, J.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IRMM, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Whitaker, T. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, POB 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Berthiller, F (reprint author), Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Christian Doppler Lab Mycotoxin Metab, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, A-3430 Vienna, Austria.; Berthiller, F (reprint author), Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Ctr Analyt Chem, Dept Agrobiotechnol IFA Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, A-3430 Vienna, Austria. EM franz.berthiller@boku.ac.at NR 137 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 54 U2 108 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 220, WAGENINGEN, 6700 AE, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 EI 1875-0796 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 5 EP 29 DI 10.3920/WMJ2015.1998 PG 25 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA DG1HG UT WOS:000371816100002 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Warburton, ML Hawkins, L Wei, Q Raruang, Y Brown, RL Zhang, L Bhatnagar, D AF Chen, Z. -Y. Warburton, M. L. Hawkins, L. Wei, Q. Raruang, Y. Brown, R. L. Zhang, L. Bhatnagar, D. TI Production of the 14 kDa trypsin inhibitor protein is important for maize resistance against Aspergillus flavus infection/aflatoxin accumulation SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L.; transgenic; RNAi silencing; association mapping; Hageman factor inhibitor ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; AFLATOXIN ACCUMULATION; CONTRIBUTING RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; KERNEL INFECTION; CORN KERNELS; EAR ROT; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES; CONTAMINATION AB Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the major crops susceptible to Aspergillus flavus Link ex. Fries infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. Previous studies found the production of an antifungal 14 kDa trypsin inhibitor (TI) was associated with maize aflatoxin resistance. To further investigate whether the TI plays any direct role in resistance, a TI gene silencing vector was constructed and transformed into maize. Mature kernels were produced from 66 transgenic lines representing 18 independent events. A final total of twelve lines representing four independent events were confirmed positive for transformation, five of which showed significant reduction (63 to 88%) in TI transcript abundance in seedling leaf tissue and seven of which showed significant TI protein reduction (39-85%) in mature kernels. Six of the seven silenced transgenic lines supported higher levels of aflatoxin production compared to negative controls. To further confirm the role of TI in field resistance to aflatoxin accumulation, DNA sequence polymorphisms from within the gene or linked simple sequence repeats were tested in four quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping populations for QTL effect, and three QTL with log of the odds scores of 11, 4.5, and 3.0 and possibly caused by the TI protein encoding gene were found. Sequence polymorphisms were also tested for association to aflatoxin levels in an association mapping panel, and three single nucleotide polymorphisms were found associated with aflatoxin accumulation (P<0.01). The data from both RNAi and genetic mapping studies demonstrated that production of the TI in maize is important for its resistance to A. flavus infection and/or aflatoxin production. C1 [Chen, Z. -Y.; Raruang, Y.; Zhang, L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Warburton, M. L.; Hawkins, L.] USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Wei, Q.; Brown, R. L.; Bhatnagar, D.] USDA ARS, Southern Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chen, ZY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM zchen@agcenter.lsu.edu FU USDA [58-6435-1-576]; USDA ARS Aflatoxin Elimination Workshop; Louisiana State Soybean and Small Grain Promotion Board FX We thank Dr. David A. Lightfoot for critical reviewing of the manuscript and Nicole Hazard and David Ambrogio for technical assistance. The authors also thank Drs. Kan Wang and Bronwyn R. Frame (the Center for Plant Transformation, Plant Science Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011) for providing the pTF102 vector and for their help in the transformation of the RNAi vector into maize. This study was supported by USDA cooperative agreement 58-6435-1-576, USDA ARS Aflatoxin Elimination Workshop and Louisiana State Soybean and Small Grain Promotion Board. Published with the approval of the Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as manuscript number 2013-240-12902. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 220, WAGENINGEN, 6700 AE, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 EI 1875-0796 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.3920/WMJ2015.1890 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA DG1HJ UT WOS:000371816400006 ER PT S AU Johanningsmeier, SD Harris, GK Klevorn, CM AF Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D. Harris, G. Keith Klevorn, Claire M. BE Doyle, MP Klaenhammer, TR TI Metabolomic Technologies for Improving the Quality of Food: Practice and Promise SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 7 SE Annual Review of Food Science and Technology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE mass spectrometry; MS; nuclear magnetic resonance; NMR; central metabolism; agricultural practices; processing; storage ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS; COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS; H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; FERMENTED CUCUMBERS; INTROGRESSION LINES; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; PLANT METABOLOMICS AB It is now well documented that the diet has a significant impact on human health and well-being. However, the complete set of small molecule metabolites present in foods that make up the human diet and the role of food production systems in altering this food metabolome are still largely unknown. Metabolomic platforms that rely on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) analytical technologies are being employed to study the impact of agricultural practices, processing, and storage on the global chemical composition of food; to identify novel bioactive compounds; and for authentication and region-of-origin classifications. This review provides an overview of the current terminology, analytical methods, and compounds associated with metabolomic studies, and provides insight into the application of metabolomics to generate new knowledge that enables us to produce, preserve, and distribute high-quality foods for health promotion. C1 [Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D.] N Carolina State Univ, SEA Food Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Harris, G. Keith; Klevorn, Claire M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Johanningsmeier, SD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, SEA Food Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM suzanne.johanningsmeier@ars.usda.gov; gkharris@ncsu.edu; cmklevor@ncsu.edu NR 136 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 19 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1413 BN 978-0-8243-4907-3 J9 ANNU REV FOOD SCI T JI Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. PY 2016 VL 7 BP 413 EP 438 DI 10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015721 PG 26 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BE3ZR UT WOS:000371430700019 PM 26772413 ER PT J AU Meikle, WG Weiss, M Stilwell, AR AF Meikle, W. G. Weiss, M. Stilwell, A. R. TI Monitoring colony phenology using within-day variability in continuous weight and temperature of honey bee hives SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE continuous hive weight; continuous hive temperature; bee colony phenology; adult bee mass; brood production AB Continuous weight and temperature data were collected for honey bee hives in two locations in Arizona, and those data were evaluated with respect to separate measurements of hive phenology to develop methods for noninvasive hive monitoring. Weight and temperature data were divided into the 25-h running average and the daily within-day changes, or "detrended" data. Data on adult bee and brood masses from hive evaluations were regressed on the amplitudes of sine curves fit to the detrended data. Weight data amplitudes were significantly correlated with adult bee populations during nectar flows, and temperature amplitudes were found inversely correlated with the log of colony brood weight. The relationships were validated using independent datasets. In addition, the effects of an adult bee kill on hive weight data were contrasted with published data on weight changes during swarming. Continuous data were found to be rich sources of information about colony health and activity. C1 [Meikle, W. G.; Weiss, M.; Stilwell, A. R.] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Stilwell, A. R.] USDA APHIS PPQ, 5940 S 58th St, Lincoln, NE 68516 USA. RP Meikle, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM william.meikle@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 9 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 EI 1297-9678 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JAN PY 2016 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s13592-015-0370-1 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DF2HJ UT WOS:000371162900001 ER PT J AU Chapman, NC Harpur, BA Lim, J Rinderer, TE Allsopp, MH Zayed, A Oldroyd, BP AF Chapman, Nadine C. Harpur, Brock A. Lim, Julianne Rinderer, Thomas E. Allsopp, Michael H. Zayed, Amro Oldroyd, Benjamin P. TI Hybrid origins of Australian honeybees (Apis mellifera) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Australia; beekeeping; single nucleotide polymorphisms; honeybee subspecies; hybrid ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; PROTECTED POPULATIONS; DIALLEL CROSSES; SEQUENCE DATA; BEE COLONIES; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; CONSERVATION; ADMIXTURE; AFRICA AB With increased globalisation and homogenisation, the maintenance of genetic integrity in local populations of agriculturally important species is of increasing concern. The western honeybee (Apis mellifera) provides an interesting perspective as it is both managed and wild, with a large native range and much larger introduced range. We employed a newly created 95 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) test to characterise the genetic ancestry of the Australian commercial and feral honeybee populations. We found that most individuals were hybrids of mainly Western and Eastern European ancestry. Introductions of bees from North Africa are known from the historical record, and we show here the presence of alleles of African ancestry in some Australian bees, at levels comparable to those seen in the commercial populations of European-derived bees in North America. C1 [Chapman, Nadine C.; Lim, Julianne; Oldroyd, Benjamin P.] Univ Sydney, Behav & Genet Social Insects Lab, Sch Biol Sci A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Harpur, Brock A.; Zayed, Amro] York Univ, Dept Biol, 4700 Keele St, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Rinderer, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [Allsopp, Michael H.] ARC Plant Protect Res Inst, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Chapman, NC (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Behav & Genet Social Insects Lab, Sch Biol Sci A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM nadine.chapman@sydney.edu.au FU Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Australia [PRJ-007774]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discover; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovations Early Researcher Award FX This project was supported by grants from Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation PRJ-007774 Australia (BPO), a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discover grant (AZ) and an Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovations Early Researcher Award (AZ). We thank the Australian Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Plant Health Australia, Biosecurity Australia and many beekeepers for contributing samples. We thank the team at Australian Cancer Research Fund at the Garvan Institute for use of their facilities. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 EI 1297-9678 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JAN PY 2016 VL 47 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s13592-015-0371-0 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DF2HJ UT WOS:000371162900003 ER PT J AU Brown, TW Tucker, CS Rutland, BL AF Brown, Travis W. Tucker, Craig S. Rutland, Billy L. TI Performance evaluation of four different methods for circulating water in commercial-scale, split-pond aquaculture systems SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Circulators; Pumps; Split-ponds; Water flow; Efficiency ID PUMPING PERFORMANCE; PADDLEWHEEL AB Split-pond aquaculture systems are being implemented by United States (US) catfish farmers as a way to improve production performance. The split-pond consists of a fish-culture basin that is connected to a waste-treatment lagoon by two water conveyance structures. Water is circulated between the two basins with high-volume pumps (water circulators) and many different units are being used on commercial farms. In this study circulator performance was evaluated with four different circulating systems. Rotational speeds ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 rpm for a twin, slow rotating paddlewheel; 12.5 to 56.5 rpm for a paddlewheel aerator; 60 to 240 rpm for a high-speed screw pump; and 150 to 600 rpm for an axial-flow pump. Water flow rates ranged from 8.6 to 77.6 m(3)/min and increased with increasing rotational speed. Power input varied directly with flow rate and ranged from 0.24 to 13.43 kW for all four circulators. Water discharge per unit power input (i.e., efficiency) ranged from 3.5 to 70.9 m(3) min(-1) kW(-1) for the circulators tested. In general, efficiency decreased as water flow rate increased. Initial investment cost for each circulator and complete circulating system ranged from US $5850 to $22,900, and $15,335 to $78,660, respectively. The least expensive circulator to operate was the twin, slow-rotating paddlewheel, followed by the paddlewheel aerator, high-speed screw pump, and axial-flow pump. Our results show that four different circulating systems can be effectively installed and used to circulate water in split ponds. However, water flow rate, rotational speed, required power input, efficiency, initial investment cost, and operational expense varied greatly among the systems tested. Long term studies are under-way to better define the relationship between water flow rate and fish production in split-ponds. That information will help identify the water circulating system most appropriate for split-pond aquaculture. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brown, Travis W.; Tucker, Craig S.] ARS, USDA, Warmwater Aquaculture Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Rutland, Billy L.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, 127 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Brown, TW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Warmwater Aquaculture Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM travis.brown@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA Southern Regional Aquaculture Center FX We greatly appreciate the assistance of the Mississippi State University station crew at the Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center. We also thank all those who have taken the time to critically review this manuscript. The authors appreciatively acknowledge financial support from the USDA-NIFA Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose for providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2015.12.002 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA DF4ZV UT WOS:000371362500003 ER PT J AU Wills, PS Pfeiffer, T Baptiste, R Watten, B AF Wills, Paul S. Pfeiffer, Timothy Baptiste, Richard Watten, Barnaby TI Application of a fluidized bed reactor charged with aragonite for control of alkalinity, pH and carbon dioxide in marine recirculating aquaculture systems SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pH; Carbon dioxide; Control; Aragonite; Alkalinity ID SALMO-SALAR L.; WATER; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; MANAGEMENT; DESIGN; SMOLTS AB Control of alkalinity, dissolved carbon dioxide (dCO(2)), and pH are critical in marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in order to maintain health and maximize growth. A small-scale prototype aragonite sand filled fluidized bed reactor was tested under varying conditions of alkalinity and dCO(2) to develop and model the response of dCO(2) across the reactor. A large-scale reactor was then incorporated into an operating marine recirculating aquaculture system to observe the reactor as the system moved toward equilibrium. The relationship between alkalinity dCO(2), and pH across the reactor are described by multiple regression equations. The change in dCO(2) across the small-scale reactor indicated a strong likelihood that an equilibrium alkalinity would be maintained by using a fluidized bed aragonite reactor. The large-scale reactor verified this observation and established equilibrium at an alkalinity of approximately 135 mg/L as CaCO3, dCO(2) of 9 mg/L, and a pH of 7.0 within 4 days that was stable during a 14 day test period. The fluidized bed aragonite reactor has the potential to simplify alkalinity and pH control, and aid in dCO(2) control in RAS design and operation. Aragonite sand, purchased in bulk, is less expensive than sodium bicarbonate and could reduce overall operating production costs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wills, Paul S.; Baptiste, Richard] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Pfeiffer, Timothy] USDA ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Watten, Barnaby] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Pfeiffer, Timothy] Aquaculture Syst Technol LLC, 108 Ind Ave, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA. RP Wills, PS (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM pwills2@fau.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [6225-63000-007-00D] FX We would like to thank CaribSea, Inc. for providing the aragonite sand used for these experiments and to Jay Adams, Gary Luisi, and, Peter Stock of FAU-HBOI for facility support. This study was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service under Project No. 6225-63000-007-00D. All programs and services of the U.S. Government are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2015.10.001 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA DF4ZV UT WOS:000371362500008 ER PT J AU Lee, HM Paulot, F Henze, DK Travis, K Jacob, DJ Pardo, LH Schichtel, BA AF Lee, H. -M. Paulot, F. Henze, D. K. Travis, K. Jacob, D. J. Pardo, L. H. Schichtel, B. A. TI Sources of nitrogen deposition in Federal Class I areas in the US SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; BIOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; GEOS-CHEM; BIDIRECTIONAL FLUX; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; WET DEPOSITION; CRITICAL LOADS; ADJOINT MODEL AB It is desired to control excessive reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition due to its detrimental impact on ecosystems. Using a three-dimensional atmospheric chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, Nr deposition in the contiguous US and eight selected Class I areas (Voyageurs (VY), Smoky Mountain (SM), Shenandoah (SD), Big Bend (BB), Rocky Mountain (RM), Grand Teton (GT), Joshua Tree (JT), and Sequoia (SQ)) is investigated. First, modeled Nr deposition is compared with National Trends Network (NTN) and Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) deposition values. The seasonality of measured species is generally well represented by the model (R-2 > 0.6), except in JT. While modeled Nr is generally within the range of seasonal observations, large overestimates are present in sites such as SM and SD in the spring and summer (up to 0.6 kg N ha month(-1)), likely owing to model high-biases in surface HNO3. The contribution of non-measured species (mostly dry deposition of NH3) to total modeled Nr deposition ranges from 1 to 55 %. The spatial distribution of the origin of Nr deposited in each Class I area and the contributions of individual emission sectors are estimated using the GEOS-Chem adjoint model. We find the largest role of long-range transport for VY, where 50% (90 %) of annual Nr deposition originates within 670 (1670) km of the park. In contrast, the Nr emission footprint is most localized for SQ, where 50% (90 %) of the deposition originates from within 130 (370) km. Emissions from California contribute to the Nr deposition in remote areas in the western US (RM, GT). Mobile NOx and livestock NH3 are found to be the major sources of Nr deposition in all sites except BB, where contributions of NOx from lightning and soils to natural levels of Nr deposition are significant (similar to 40 %). The efficiency in terms of Nr deposition per kg emissions of NH3-N, NOx-N, and SO2-S are also estimated. Unique seasonal features are found in JT (opposing efficiency distributions for winter and summer), RM (large fluctuations in the range of effective regions), and SD (upwind NH3 emissions hindering Nr deposition). We also evaluate the contributions of emissions to the total area of Class I regions in critical load exceedance, and to the total magnitude of exceedance. We find that while it is effective to control emissions in the western US to reduce the area of regions in CL exceedance, it can be more effective to control emissions in the eastern US to reduce the magnitude of Nr deposition above the CL. Finally, uncertainty in the nitrogen deposition caused by uncertainty in the NH3 emission inventory is explored by comparing results based on two different NH3 inventories; noticeable differences in the emission inventories and thus sensitivities of up to a factor of four found in individual locations. C1 [Lee, H. -M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Paulot, F.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Paulot, F.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Henze, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Travis, K.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pardo, L. H.] Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, US Forest Serv, USDA,Northern Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. [Schichtel, B. A.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lee, HM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hyungmin.lee@colorado.edu RI Travis, Katherine/G-1417-2016; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Travis, Katherine/0000-0003-1628-0353; FU NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team [NNX11AI54G]; NSF [ANT 1244958] FX We acknowledge support from the NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team, grant NNX11AI54G and NSF grant ANT 1244958. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 2 BP 525 EP 540 DI 10.5194/acp-16-525-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YH UT WOS:000371284000005 ER PT S AU Lynn, DE Harrison, RL AF Lynn, Dwight E. Harrison, Robert L. BE Murhammer, DW TI Available Lepidopteran Insect Cell Lines SO BACULOVIRUS AND INSECT CELL EXPRESSION PROTOCOLS, 3RD EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Lepidoptera; Continuous cell lines ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; LARVAL FAT-BODIES; PHTHORIMAEA-OPERCULELLA ZELLER; MAMESTRA-BRASSICAE LEPIDOPTERA; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA BODDIE; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; BOMBYX-MORI; CABBAGE ARMYWORM; PUPAL OVARIES AB This chapter lists the known cell lines from Lepidoptera, largely based on previous compilations of insect cell lines published by W. Fred Hink. More than 320 lines from 65 species are listed. The official designation is given for each cell line as well as the species, tissue source, and, when known, the susceptibilities to baculoviruses. C1 [Lynn, Dwight E.] INSell Consulting, Newcastle, ME USA. [Harrison, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Lynn, DE (reprint author), INSell Consulting, Newcastle, ME USA. OI Harrison, Robert/0000-0002-8348-3874 NR 114 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-3043-2; 978-1-4939-3042-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2016 VL 1350 BP 119 EP 142 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2 PG 24 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BE3TY UT WOS:000371264800007 PM 26820856 ER PT S AU Lynn, DE Harrison, RL AF Lynn, Dwight E. Harrison, Robert L. BE Murhammer, DW TI Routine Maintenance and Storage of Lepidopteran Insect Cell Lines and Baculoviruses SO BACULOVIRUS AND INSECT CELL EXPRESSION PROTOCOLS, 3RD EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Insect cells; Cell line maintenance; Cell line storage; Liquid nitrogen freezing; Cell line testing; Sterility; Identification; Baculovirus storage ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; CULTURES; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; ESTABLISHMENT; REPLICATION; SELECTION; PASSAGE; LEVEL AB The various methods for maintaining (i.e., subculturing, splitting, or passaging) established lepidopteran cell lines are described. Three procedures are presented that are appropriate for different cell lines dependent upon the growth characteristics (in particular, cell attachment properties) of the cells of interest. In addition to the routine maintenance of cells in active culture, methods are also described for both short-term (low temperature) and long-term (frozen in liquid nitrogen) storage of cell lines, as well as quality control procedures for the cultures. Methods for storing baculoviruses for use in cell cultures and issues of concern when using cell cultures for their production and study are also described. C1 [Lynn, Dwight E.] INSell Consulting, Newcastle, ME USA. [Harrison, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Lynn, DE (reprint author), INSell Consulting, Newcastle, ME USA. OI Harrison, Robert/0000-0002-8348-3874 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-3043-2; 978-1-4939-3042-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2016 VL 1350 BP 197 EP 221 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2 PG 25 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BE3TY UT WOS:000371264800010 PM 26820859 ER PT S AU Harrison, RL Jarvis, DL AF Harrison, Robert L. Jarvis, Donald L. BE Murhammer, DW TI Transforming Lepidopteran Insect Cells for Continuous Recombinant Protein Expression SO BACULOVIRUS AND INSECT CELL EXPRESSION PROTOCOLS, 3RD EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Insect cells; Baculovirus; Baculovirus expression vector system; BEVS; Cell transformation; Genetic engineering ID FOREIGN GENE-EXPRESSION; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; HETEROLOGOUS PROTEINS; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION; PIGGYBAC TRANSPOSON; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SELECTABLE MARKER; 25K GENE; BACULOVIRUS AB The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely used to produce large quantities of recombinant proteins. However, the yields of extracellular and membrane-bound proteins obtained with this system are often very low, possibly due to the adverse effects of baculovirus infection on the host insect cell secretory pathway. An alternative approach to producing poorly expressed proteins is to transform lepidopteran insect cells with the gene of interest under the control of promoters that are constitutively active in uninfected cells, thereby making cell lines that continuously express recombinant protein. This chapter provides an overview of the methods and considerations for making stably transformed lepidopteran insect cells. Techniques for the insertion of genes into continuous expression vectors, transfection of cells, and the selection and isolation of stably transformed Sf-9 clones by either colony formation or end-point dilution are described in detail. C1 [Harrison, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Jarvis, Donald L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Harrison, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. OI Harrison, Robert/0000-0002-8348-3874 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM49734] NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-3043-2; 978-1-4939-3042-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2016 VL 1350 BP 329 EP 348 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2_16 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BE3TY UT WOS:000371264800017 PM 26820866 ER PT S AU Harrison, RL Jarvis, DL AF Harrison, Robert L. Jarvis, Donald L. BE Murhammer, DW TI Transforming Lepidopteran Insect Cells for Improved Protein Processing and Expression SO BACULOVIRUS AND INSECT CELL EXPRESSION PROTOCOLS, 3RD EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Insect cells; Baculovirus; Baculovirus expression vector system; BEVS; Cell transformation; Genetic engineering; Metabolic engineering; Protein N-glycosylation; Glycosyltransferase; Protein folding; Protein trafficking ID N-GLYCOSYLATION PATHWAY; ASPARAGINE-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA SF-9; LOBES GENE ENCODES; MAMMALIAN BETA-1,4-GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE; RECOMBINANT GLYCOPROTEINS; SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITIES; BACULOVIRUS SYSTEM; SIALIC-ACID; SF9 CELLS AB The lepidopteran insect cells used with the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) are capable of synthesizing and accurately processing foreign proteins. However, proteins expressed in baculovirus-infected cells often fail to be completely processed, or are not processed in a manner that meets a researcher's needs. This chapter discusses a metabolic engineering approach that addresses this problem. Basically, this approach involves the addition of new or enhancement of existing protein processing functions in established lepidopteran insect cell lines. In addition to improvements in protein processing, this approach has also been used to improve protein expression levels obtained with the BEVS. Methods for engineering cell lines and assessing their properties as improved hosts for the BEVS are detailed. Examples of lepidopteran insect cell lines engineered for improved protein N-glycosylation, folding/trafficking, and expression are described in detail. C1 [Harrison, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Jarvis, Donald L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Harrison, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. OI Harrison, Robert/0000-0002-8348-3874 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM49734] NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-3043-2; 978-1-4939-3042-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2016 VL 1350 BP 359 EP 379 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2_18 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BE3TY UT WOS:000371264800019 PM 26820868 ER PT S AU Popham, HJR Nusawardani, T Bonning, BC AF Popham, Holly J. R. Nusawardani, Tyasning Bonning, Bryony C. BE Murhammer, DW TI Introduction to the Use of Baculoviruses as Biological Insecticides SO BACULOVIRUS AND INSECT CELL EXPRESSION PROTOCOLS, 3RD EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter DE Baculovirus insecticides; Recombinant baculovirus; Insect pest management ID SINGLE-NUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUS; SCORPION NEUROTOXINS; EXPRESSION; TOXIN; SYSTEMS; LARVAE; BIOPESTICIDES; INACTIVATION AB Baculoviruses are widely used both as protein expression vectors and as insect pest control agents. This section provides an overview of the baculovirus life cycle and use of baculoviruses as insecticidal agents. This chapter includes discussion of the pros and cons for use of baculoviruses as insecticides, and progress made in genetic enhancement of baculoviruses for improved insecticidal efficacy. These viruses are used extensively for control of insect pests in a diverse range of agricultural and forest habitats. C1 [Popham, Holly J. R.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. [Popham, Holly J. R.] AgBiTech, Columbia, MO USA. [Nusawardani, Tyasning; Bonning, Bryony C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA USA. RP Popham, HJR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA.; Popham, HJR (reprint author), AgBiTech, Columbia, MO USA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-3043-2; 978-1-4939-3042-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2016 VL 1350 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2_19 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BE3TY UT WOS:000371264800020 PM 26820869 ER PT S AU Popham, HJR Ellersieck, MR Li, HR Bonning, BC AF Popham, Holly J. R. Ellersieck, Mark R. Li, Huarong Bonning, Bryony C. BE Murhammer, DW TI Evaluation of the Insecticidal Efficacy of Wild Type and Recombinant Baculoviruses SO BACULOVIRUS AND INSECT CELL EXPRESSION PROTOCOLS, 3RD EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Recombinant baculovirus; Insecticidal efficacy; Host range; Droplet feeding; Diet plug bioassay; Feeding damage; Microapplicator; LC50; LD50; ST50 ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; TOBACCO BUDWORM; LARVAE; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; VIRULENCE AB A considerable amount of work has been undertaken to genetically enhance the efficacy of baculovirus insecticides. Following construction of a genetically altered baculovirus, laboratory bioassays are used to quantify various parameters of insecticidal activity such as the median lethal concentration ( or dose) required to kill 50 % of infected larvae (LC50 or LD50), median survival of larvae infected (ST50), and feeding damage incurred by infected larvae. In this chapter, protocols are described for a variety of bioassays and the corresponding data analyses for assessment of the insecticidal activity of baculovirus insecticides. C1 [Popham, Holly J. R.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. [Popham, Holly J. R.] AgBiTech, Columbia, MO USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Li, Huarong] Dow AgroSci, Dow AgroSci Discovery Res, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Bonning, Bryony C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA USA. RP Popham, HJR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-3043-2; 978-1-4939-3042-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2016 VL 1350 BP 407 EP 444 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2_21 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2 PG 38 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BE3TY UT WOS:000371264800022 PM 26820871 ER PT J AU Romadanova, NV Mishustina, SA Gritsenko, DA Omasheva, MY Galiakparov, NN Reed, BM Kushnarenko, SV AF Romadanova, Natalya V. Mishustina, Svetlana A. Gritsenko, Dilyara A. Omasheva, Madina Y. Galiakparov, Nurbol N. Reed, Barbara M. Kushnarenko, Svetlana V. TI CRYOTHERAPY AS A METHOD FOR REDUCING THE VIRUS INFECTION OF APPLES (Malus sp.) SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE cryotherapy; Malus cryobank; multiplex PCR; viruses; vitrification; virus-free ID SHOOT TIPS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; ERADICATION; CRYOPRESERVATION; THERMOTHERAPY; ELIMINATION; SURVIVAL; CULTURE; POTATO AB BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need in Kazakhstan for virus-free nursery stock to reinvigorate the industry and preserve historic cultivars. An in vitro collection of apples could be used for virus testing and elimination and to provide virus-free elite stock plants to nurseries. METHODS: Malus sieversii Ledeb. M. Roem. and Malus domestica Borkh. accessions were initiated in vitro for virus identification and elimination. Reverse transcription and multiplex PCR were used to test for five viruses. PVS2 vitrification was used as a tool for cryotherapy. RESULTS: Four viruses, Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) were detected in 17 accessions. Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) was not detected. ACLSV affected 53.8% of the accessions, ASPV 30.8%, ASGV 5.1%, and ApMV was found only in 'Aport Alexander'. Cryotherapy produced virus-free shoot tips for seven of nine cultivars tested. Six cultivars had 60-100% elimination of ACLSV. CONCLUSIONS: An in vitro collection of 59 accessions was established. Virus elimination using cryotherapy produced virus-free shoots for seven of nine cultivars and is a promising technique for developing a virus-free apple collection. C1 [Romadanova, Natalya V.; Mishustina, Svetlana A.; Gritsenko, Dilyara A.; Omasheva, Madina Y.; Galiakparov, Nurbol N.; Kushnarenko, Svetlana V.] Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Timiryazev Str 45, Alma Ata 050040, Kazakhstan. [Reed, Barbara M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Romadanova, NV (reprint author), Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Timiryazev Str 45, Alma Ata 050040, Kazakhstan. EM nata_romadanova@mail.ru FU Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan [0491/GF3] FX This study was performed within the grant project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 0491/GF3 "Creation of a cryogenic bank of apple promising varieties and clonal rootstocks on the basis of biotechnology". NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 11 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 EI 1742-0644 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA DF5AI UT WOS:000371363800001 PM 26964019 ER PT J AU Harris, RA Shah, R Hollister, EB Tronstad, RR Hovdenak, N Szigeti, R Versalovic, J Kellermayer, R AF Harris, R. Alan Shah, Rajesh Hollister, Emily B. Tronstad, Rune Rose Hovdenak, Nils Szigeti, Reka Versalovic, James Kellermayer, Richard TI Colonic Mucosal Epigenome and Microbiome Development in Children and Adolescents SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; PEDIATRIC ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; DNA METHYLATION; EPIGENETICS; POPULATION; MICE; PREVALENCE; ORIGINS; IBD AB Epigenetic and microbiome changes during pediatric development have been implicated as important elements in the developmental origins of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which are linked to early onset colorectal cancer (CRC). Colonic mucosal samples from 22 control children between 3.5 and 17.5 years of age were studied by Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips and, in 10 cases, by 454 pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Intercalating age-specific DNA methylation and microbiome changes were identified, which may have significant translational relevance in the developmental origins of IBD and CRC. C1 [Harris, R. Alan] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Shah, Rajesh] Baylor Coll Med, Sect Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hollister, Emily B.; Szigeti, Reka; Versalovic, James] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hollister, Emily B.; Versalovic, James; Kellermayer, Richard] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tronstad, Rune Rose] Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Sci, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Tronstad, Rune Rose] Haukeland Hosp, Dept Pediat, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. [Hovdenak, Nils] Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Med, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Kellermayer, Richard] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kellermayer, Richard] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Kellermayer, R (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA.; Kellermayer, R (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.; Kellermayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kellerma@bcm.edu FU NIH [P30 DK56338] FX Richard Kellermayer would like to acknowledge the Gutsy Kids Fund including philanthropic donation from the Karen and Brock Wagner family and the Houston Men of Distinction for their generous support. The authors also acknowledge support from the NIH for the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (P30 DK56338). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU HINDAWI LTD PI LONDON PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FLR, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, WIT 5HE, ENGLAND SN 2314-8861 EI 2314-7156 J9 J IMMUNOL RES JI J Immunol. Res. PY 2016 AR 9170162 DI 10.1155/2016/9170162 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA DF7YR UT WOS:000371574300001 ER PT J AU Wu, JJ Xu, WC Alig, RJ AF Wu, JunJie Xu, Wenchao Alig, Ralph J. TI How Do the Location, Size and Budget of Open Space Conservation Affect Land Values? SO JOURNAL OF REAL ESTATE FINANCE AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Open space conservation; Land values; Environmental amenities; Community characteristics ID RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY-VALUES; PUBLIC OPEN-SPACE; VALUING OPEN SPACE; AMENITIES; SUBDIVISIONS; FINANCE; MODEL AB In this article we present a model to examine the optimal location, size, and budget of open space conservation and the resulting impact on land values and local fiscal conditions in an urban area. Results indicate that open space conservation can transform the defining features of an urban landscape. A well-designed open space conservation program can improve municipal services, increase total property values, and attract households to the city without substantially increasing tax burdens, while an improperly designed open space program can have the opposite effects. Results also reveal the key parameters that determine the optimal location and size of open space conservation and their fiscal and land value effects. C1 [Wu, JunJie] Oregon State Univ, Dept Appl Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Xu, Wenchao] Xiamen Univ, Sch Econ, Dept Econ, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Xu, Wenchao] Xiamen Univ, WISE, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Alig, Ralph J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wu, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Appl Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM junjie.wu@oregonstate.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station [JVA 11-JV-11261985-073]; U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-70002-19388] FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This paper is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station JVA 11-JV-11261985-073, and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture under Award No. 2012-70002-19388. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of their home institutions or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-5638 EI 1573-045X J9 J REAL ESTATE FINANC JI J. Real Estate Financ. Econ. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 73 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s11146-015-9506-3 PG 25 WC Business, Finance; Economics; Urban Studies SC Business & Economics; Urban Studies GA DF4NP UT WOS:000371326200004 ER PT J AU Atehnkeng, J Donner, M Ojiambo, PS Ikotun, B Augusto, J Cotty, PJ Bandyopadhyay, R AF Atehnkeng, Joseph Donner, Matthias Ojiambo, Peter S. Ikotun, Babatunde Augusto, Joao Cotty, Peter J. Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit TI Environmental distribution and genetic diversity of vegetative compatibility groups determine biocontrol strategies to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of maize by Aspergillus flavus SO MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 3 AGROECOLOGICAL ZONES; SECTION FLAVI; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; SCLEROTIA PRODUCTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; STRAINS; NIGERIA AB Maize infected by aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus may become contaminated with aflatoxins, and as a result, threaten human health, food security and farmers' income in developing countries where maize is a staple. Environmental distribution and genetic diversity of A. flavus can influence the effectiveness of atoxigenic isolates in mitigating aflatoxin contamination. However, such information has not been used to facilitate selection and deployment of atoxigenic isolates. A total of 35 isolates of A. flavus isolated from maize samples collected from three agroecological zones of Nigeria were used in this study. Ecophysiological characteristics, distribution and genetic diversity of the isolates were determined to identify vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). The generated data were used to inform selection and deployment of native atoxigenic isolates to mitigate aflatoxin contamination in maize. In co-inoculation with toxigenic isolates, atoxigenic isolates reduced aflatoxin contamination in grain by >96%. A total of 25 VCGs were inferred from the collected isolates based on complementation tests involving nitrate non-utilizing (nit-) mutants. To determine genetic diversity and distribution of VCGs across agroecological zones, 832 nit-mutants from 52 locations in 11 administrative districts were paired with one self-complementary nitrate auxotroph tester-pair for each VCG. Atoxigenic VCGs accounted for 81.1% of the 153 positive complementations recorded. Genetic diversity of VCGs was highest in the derived savannah agro-ecological zone (H = 2.61) compared with the southern Guinea savannah (H = 1.90) and northern Guinea savannah (H = 0.94) zones. Genetic richness (H = 2.60) and evenness (E-5 = 0.96) of VCGs were high across all agro-ecological zones. Ten VCGs (40%) had members restricted to the original location of isolation, whereas 15 VCGs (60%) had members located between the original source of isolation and a distance > 400 km away. The present study identified widely distributed VCGs in Nigeria such as AV0222, AV3279, AV3304 and AV16127, whose atoxigenic members can be deployed for a region-wide biocontrol of toxigenic isolates to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize. C1 [Atehnkeng, Joseph; Augusto, Joao; Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit] Int Inst Trop Agr, Plant Pathol Unit, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Donner, Matthias] Univ Bonn, Inst Plant Dis Phytopathol & Nematol Soil Ecosyst, Bonn, Germany. [Ojiambo, Peter S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ikotun, Babatunde] Univ Ibadan, Dept Crop Protect & Environm Biol, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Cotty, Peter J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, R (reprint author), Int Inst Trop Agr, Plant Pathol Unit, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM r.bandyopadhyay@cgiar.org OI Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit/0000-0003-2422-4298 FU Bundesministerium fur wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, BMZ (German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development) [2002.7860.6-001.00] FX This study was funded by the Bundesministerium fur wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, BMZ (German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development) Project No. 2002.7860.6-001.00. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1751-7907 EI 1751-7915 J9 MICROB BIOTECHNOL JI Microb. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 75 EP 88 DI 10.1111/1751-7915.12324 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA DF3HV UT WOS:000371235700008 PM 26503309 ER PT J AU Voitk, A Beug, MW O'Donnell, K Burzynski, M AF Voitk, Andrus Beug, Michael W. O'Donnell, Kerry Burzynski, Michael TI Two new species of true morels from Newfoundland and Labrador: cosmopolitan Morchella eohespera and parochial M. laurentiana SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; molecular phylogenetics; Morchella elata clade; Morchellaceae; Pezizales ID REVEALS; TURKEY; PEZIZALES; EUROPE AB Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies of true morels (Morchella) in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador resulted in the discovery of two undescribed species in the M. elata clade that we initially distinguished by the informal designations Mel-19 and Mel-36. The latter species, also collected in New Brunswick, Canada, is hitherto known only from the St Lawrence River Basin. Mel-36 is described here as a novel, phylogenetically distinct species, M. laurentiana. Before the discovery of Mel-19 in Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick and Washington state it was only known from central China and central and northern Europe. Mel-19 is described here as a novel species, M. eohespera. C1 [Voitk, Andrus; Burzynski, Michael] Foray Newfoundland & Labrador, 21 Pond Rd, Rocky Harbour, NF A0K 4N0, Canada. [Beug, Michael W.] Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Voitk, A (reprint author), Foray Newfoundland & Labrador, 21 Pond Rd, Rocky Harbour, NF A0K 4N0, Canada. EM seened@gmail.com NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.3852/15-149 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA DF7BM UT WOS:000371512500004 PM 26553777 ER PT J AU Vishwanathan, R Schalch, W Johnson, EJ AF Vishwanathan, Rohini Schalch, Wolfgang Johnson, Elizabeth J. TI Macular pigment carotenoids in the retina and occipital cortex are related in humans SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lutein; Zeaxanthin; Meso-zeaxanthin; Retina; Brain; Cognition; Macular pigment ID OPTICAL-DENSITY; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-ADULTS; LUTEIN; ZEAXANTHIN; AGE; SUPPLEMENTATION; POPULATION AB Objectives: Lutein and zeaxanthin are dietary carotenoids that preferentially accumulate in the macular region of the retina. Together with meso-zeaxanthin, a conversion product of lutein in the macula, they form the macular pigment. Lutein is also the predominant carotenoid in human brain tissue and lutein status is associated with cognitive function in adults. The study objective was to evaluate the relationship between retinal and brain lutein and zeaxanthin in humans. Methods: Donated brain tissue (occipital cortex and hippocampus) and matched retina were obtained from the National Disease Research Interchange, a national human tissue resource center which adheres to strict consent and confidentiality procedures. Decedents were men and women aged >50 years who either had normal cognitive function or Alzheimer's disease. Tissues were analyzed using standard lipid extractions followed by analysis on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and normal-phase HPLC (for meso-zeaxanthin). Results: Macular pigment carotenoids (lutein, meso-zeaxanthin, and zeaxanthin combined) in the retina were significantly related to the combined concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin in the occipital cortex. When analyzed separately, only retinal lutein (plus meso-zeaxanthin), not zeaxanthin, was significantly related to lutein in the occipital cortex. No correlations were observed with lutein and zeaxanthin in the hippocampus. Discussion: Total macular pigment density measured via non-invasive, psychophysical techniques can be used as a biomarker to ascertain brain lutein and zeaxanthin status in clinical studies. C1 [Vishwanathan, Rohini; Johnson, Elizabeth J.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Schalch, Wolfgang] DSM Nutr Prod Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland. RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM elizabeth.johnson@tufts.edu FU USDA, DSM Nutritionals [1950-51000-065-08S] FX USDA# 1950-51000-065-08S, DSM Nutritionals. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1028-415X EI 1476-8305 J9 NUTR NEUROSCI JI Nutr. Neurosci. PY 2016 VL 19 IS 3 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1179/1476830514Y.0000000141 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA DF4GT UT WOS:000371306700001 PM 25752849 ER PT J AU Young, FL Whaley, DK Lawrence, NC Burke, IC AF Young, Frank L. Whaley, Dale K. Lawrence, Nevin C. Burke, Ian C. TI Feral Rye (Secale cereale) Control in Winter Canola in the Pacific Northwest SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Herbicide efficacy; summer fallow; weed biomass; weed density; weed seed production ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CROPPING SYSTEMS; ANNUAL GRASSES; WHEAT; IMAZAMOX; INTERFERENCE; WEEDS AB In the Pacific Northwest (PNW), feral rye is a predominant winter annual grass weed in the low-rainfall region where a winter wheat-summer fallow rotation has been practiced for more than 130 yr. Recently, producers began including winter canola in their rotation, which provides additional herbicide options to control feral rye. A 3-yr study was conducted in Washington to determine the efficacy of clethodim, quizalofop, and glyphosate on feral rye control and winter canola yield. During the first year of the study herbicides were applied in the spring, and they increased canola yield and decreased feral rye biomass, density, and seed production similarly when compared with the nontreated control. During the last 2 yr of the study, split applications of quizalofop and glyphosate were the most effective treatments for controlling rye (> 95%) and increasing canola yield. In general, clethodim was less effective than both quizalofop and glyphosate in controlling feral rye. Results from this study indicate that quizalofop in conventional or glyphosate-resistant winter canola and glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant winter canola can effectively control feral rye. C1 [Young, Frank L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Northwest Sustainable Agroecosyst Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Whaley, Dale K.] Washington State Univ, Waterville, WA 98858 USA. [Lawrence, Nevin C.; Burke, Ian C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Young, FL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Northwest Sustainable Agroecosyst Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM youngfl@wsu.edu FU Washington State Biofuel Initiative FX Partial funding for this research was from the Washington State Biofuel Initiative. The authors thank Larry McGrew, Dennis Roe, Eric Zackarison, and Laban Molsee for their help with plot establishment and maintenance, data collection, pesticide applications, and grain harvest. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1614/WT-D-15-00109.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA DE3AG UT WOS:000370498600018 ER PT J AU Lyon, DJ Huggins, DR Spring, JF AF Lyon, Drew J. Huggins, David R. Spring, John F. TI Windrow Burning Eliminates Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp multiflorum) Seed Viability SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crop-residue management; harvest weed seed control; Pacific Northwest ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RIGIDUM; AUSTRALIA; SYSTEMS; SITE AB Windrow burning is one of several harvest weed seed control strategies that have been developed and evaluated in Australia to address the widespread evolution of multiple herbicide resistance in annual weeds. Herbicide-resistant Italian ryegrass populations are common in the Palouse region of eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of burning standing stubble and narrow windrows on the survival of Italian ryegrass seed on the soil surface and to determine the amount of crop residue remaining after both practices. Italian ryegrass emergence was 63, 48, and 1% for the nonburned check, burned standing stubble, and burned windrow treatments, respectively. Crop-residue dry weights were 9.94, 5.69, and 5.79 Mg ha(-1) for these same treatments. Windrow burning can be an effective tactic in an integrated weed management strategy for Italian ryegrass control in the Palouse region of eastern Washington and northern Idaho. C1 [Lyon, Drew J.; Spring, John F.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, POB 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Huggins, David R.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Northwest Sustainable Agroecosyst Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lyon, DJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, POB 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM drew.lyon@wsu.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 279 EP 283 DI 10.1614/WT-D-15-00118.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA DE3AG UT WOS:000370498600032 ER PT S AU Lunney, JK Fang, Y Ladinig, A Chen, NH Li, YH Rowland, B Renukaradhya, GJ AF Lunney, Joan K. Fang, Ying Ladinig, Andrea Chen, Nanhua Li, Yanhua Rowland, Bob Renukaradhya, Gourapura J. BE Lewin, HA Roberts, RM TI Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Pathogenesis and Interaction with the Immune System SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES, VOL 4 SE Annual Review of Animal Biosciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE PRRSV; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; host immunity; genetic control; fetal infection; vaccine responses ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; REGULATORY T-CELLS; FETAL IMPLANTATION SITES; INFECTED PREGNANT GILTS; MYSTERY SWINE DISEASE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; HOST RESPONSE; UP-REGULATION; IN-UTERO; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AB This review addresses important issues of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection, immunity, pathogenesis, and control. Worldwide, PRRS is the most economically important infectious disease of pigs. We highlight the latest information on viral genome structure, pathogenic mechanisms, and host immunity, with a special focus on immune factors that modulate PRRSV infections during the acute and chronic/persistent disease phases. We address genetic control of host resistance and probe effects of PRRSV infection on reproductive traits. A major goal is to identify cellular/viral targets and pathways for designing more effective vaccines and therapeutics. Based on progress in viral reverse genetics, host transcriptomics and genomics, and vaccinology and adjuvant technologies, we have identified new areas for PRRS control and prevention. Finally, we highlight the gaps in our knowledge base and the need for advanced molecular and immune tools to stimulate PRRS research and field applications. C1 [Lunney, Joan K.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fang, Ying; Chen, Nanhua; Li, Yanhua; Rowland, Bob] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ladinig, Andrea] Univ Vet Med, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. [Chen, Nanhua] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Vet Med, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Renukaradhya, Gourapura J.] Ohio State Univ, FAHRP OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Lunney, JK (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.; Fang, Y; Chen, NH; Li, YH; Rowland, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.; Ladinig, A (reprint author), Univ Vet Med, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.; Chen, NH (reprint author), Yangzhou Univ, Coll Vet Med, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Renukaradhya, GJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, FAHRP OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM Joan.Lunney@ars.usda.gov; yfang@vet.k-state.edu; andrea.ladinig@vetmeduni.ac.at; chnhlh@126.com; yanhua@vet.k-state.edu; browland@vet.k-state.edu; gourapura.1@osu.edu OI Gourapura, Renukaradhya/0000-0003-2861-180X; Ladinig, Andrea/0000-0001-5037-7269 NR 152 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 24 U2 42 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 2165-8102 BN 978-0-8243-0004-3 J9 ANNU REV ANIM BIOSCI PY 2016 VL 4 BP 129 EP 154 DI 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111025 PG 26 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BE3KG UT WOS:000370847200007 PM 26646630 ER PT S AU Buntyn, JO Schmidt, TB Nisbet, DJ Callaway, TR AF Buntyn, J. O. Schmidt, T. B. Nisbet, D. J. Callaway, T. R. BE Lewin, HA Roberts, RM TI The Role of Direct-Fed Microbials in Conventional Livestock Production SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES, VOL 4 SE Annual Review of Animal Biosciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE direct-fed microbials; animal health; immune response ID CECAL MICROFLORA COMPOSITION; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; YEAST CULTURE; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; BROILER-CHICKENS; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; MUCOSAL IMMUNITY AB Supplementation of direct-fed microbials (DFM) as a means to improve the health and performance of livestock has generated significant interest over the past 15+ years. A driving force for this increased interest in DFM is to reduce or eliminate the use of low-dose antibiotics in livestock production. This increased attention toward DFM supplementation has generated an extensive body of research. This effort has resulted in conflicting reports. Although there has been considerable variation in the design of these studies, one of the main causes for this lack of consistency may be attributed to the variation in the experimental immune challenge incorporated to evaluate DFMsupplementation. Taking into account the experimental immune challenge, there is strong evidence to suggest that DFM supplementation may have an impact on the immune response, overall health, and performance of livestock. C1 [Buntyn, J. O.; Schmidt, T. B.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Nisbet, D. J.; Callaway, T. R.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, South Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, South Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM joe.buntyn@husker.unl.edu; tschmidt4@unl.edu; todd.callaway@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 2165-8102 BN 978-0-8243-0004-3 J9 ANNU REV ANIM BIOSCI PY 2016 VL 4 BP 335 EP 355 DI 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111123 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BE3KG UT WOS:000370847200016 PM 26667362 ER PT S AU Woodruff, DR Meinzer, FC McCulloh, KA AF Woodruff, David R. Meinzer, Frederick C. McCulloh, Katherine A. BE Hikosaka, K Niinemets, U Anten, NPR TI Forest Canopy Hydraulics SO CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS: FROM BASICS TO APPLICATIONS SE Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS ANGIOSPERMS; NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; XYLEM CAVITATION RESISTANCE; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA TREES; ION-MEDIATED ENHANCEMENT; DROUGHT-INDUCED EMBOLISM; BORDERED PIT STRUCTURE; STEM WATER TRANSPORT; DIFFUSE-POROUS TREES; PONDEROSA PINE TREES AB Water and carbon cycles are strongly coordinated and water availability is a primary limiting factor in many terrestrial ecosystems. Photosynthesis requires sufficient water supply to leaves and constraints on delivery at any point in the hydraulic continuum can lead to stomatal closure and reduced photosynthesis. Thus, maximizing water transport enhances assimilation and can provide plants with a competitive advantage. Unregulated water transport, however, can lead to excessive gradients in xylem tension that result in the development of air or vapor bubbles (i.e. embolisms) that block xylem water transport, potentially leading to permanent loss of function of the xylem. As such there can be a tradeoff between maximizing water transport and minimizing the risk of xylem embolism. This tradeoff has led to the development of a variety of hydraulic mechanisms to maximize efficiency and reduce vulnerability. Although several of these were first described centuries ago (such as stomatal control of transpiration), research in this field continues to uncover previously unrecognized processes employed by plants for maintaining hydraulic safety and/ or efficiency. The hydraulic traits described in this chapter include xylem structural characteristics that enhance resistance to embolism such as pit and cell wall architecture; a continuum of strategies for constraining xylem tension to avoid embolism including isohydric and anisohydric control of leaf water potential; and safety and recovery mechanisms such as the capacitive discharge of stored water, hydraulic "circuit breakers" and the ability to repair xylem embolisms. Each of these will be discussed in terms of the variation in their use by contrasting tree types, their variability across organs and species, and their plasticity across environmental gradients. Beyond providing information about the means by which trees currently compete and survive, understanding the hydraulic mechanisms described in this chapter may provide insight into ways that trees are affected by, and the degree to which they may acclimate to rapidly changing climatic conditions. C1 [Woodruff, David R.; Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McCulloh, Katherine A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Woodruff, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dwoodruff@fs.fed.us; rick.meinzer@oregonstate.edu; kmcculloh@wisc.edu NR 209 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-0233 BN 978-94-017-7291-4; 978-94-017-7290-7 J9 ADV PHOTOSYNTH RESP JI Adv. Photo. Respirat. PY 2016 VL 42 BP 187 EP 217 DI 10.1007/978-94-017-7291-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-94-017-7291-4 PG 31 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BE3MA UT WOS:000370954800008 ER PT B AU Franklin, AB VerCauteren, KC AF Franklin, Alan B. VerCauteren, Kurt C. BE JayRussell, M Doyle, MP TI Keeping Wildlife Out of Your Food: Mitigation and Control Strategies to Reduce the Transmission Risk of Food-Borne Pathogens SO FOOD SAFETY RISKS FROM WILDLIFE: CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURE, CONSERVATION, AND PUBLIC HEALTH SE Food Microbiology and Food Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Adaptive management; Agriculture; Food safety; Habitat modification; Human-wildlife conflict; Mitigation; Population control; Risk assessment; Wildlife; Wildlife damage management ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; LIVESTOCK PROTECTION DOGS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; FARM-MANAGEMENT FACTORS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; FERAL SWINE; NORTHEASTERN MICHIGAN; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; CATTLE AB In this chapter, we provide a general framework for developing strategies to mitigate the contamination of agricultural operations with pathogens carried by wildlife. As part of this framework, we present adaptive management as a viable approach to developing these strategies to reduce the uncertainty over time as to whether management methods are being effective. We provide the general steps to developing an adaptive management strategies as well as generic mitigation methods that can be applied to agricultural operations as part of an adaptive management strategy. C1 [Franklin, Alan B.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Franklin, AB (reprint author), USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM alan.b.franklin@aphis.usda.gov NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-24442-6; 978-3-319-24440-2 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL FOOD PY 2016 BP 183 EP 199 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24442-6_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24442-6 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BE2IH UT WOS:000369374700009 ER PT B AU Bianchi, M Lowell, K AF Bianchi, Mary Lowell, Karen BE JayRussell, M Doyle, MP TI Co-management: Balancing Food Safety, the Environment, and the Bottom Line SO FOOD SAFETY RISKS FROM WILDLIFE: CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURE, CONSERVATION, AND PUBLIC HEALTH SE Food Microbiology and Food Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Co-management; Conflict resolution; Conservation; Economic analysis; Food industry; Food safety; Natural resources; Sustainable agriculture; Wildlife ID RIPARIAN CORRIDORS; WATER-QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; POLLUTION; REMOVAL; PRODUCE AB Growers and distributors of fresh produce have long realized that reliably safe products and responsible use of resources inspire brand trust and consumer loyalty. Balancing food safety and resource conservation goals has become a vital element of produce industry management throughout the supply chain. Co-management is a process that seeks to balance food safety and sustainability goals in the context of maintaining a sound bottom line. The resources to develop effective co-management strategies lie within diverse communities of practice, including agricultural producers, food safety and wildlife professionals, conservation professionals, and academics with primary focus on any the above areas. The economic loss incurred from fields that must be abandoned before harvest due to fecal contamination can be significant. In addition, compliance with both food safety and conservation goals may generate additional operational costs. Key research questions remain, many defined during the critical conversations surrounding on-farm decisions regarding co-management. Additionally, responsibility lies with the research community for creating an open and integrated approach to interpretation, extension, and implementation of research results surrounding contamination, transport and survival of pathogens in the production environment. C1 [Bianchi, Mary] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. [Lowell, Karen] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Bianchi, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. EM mlbianchi@ucanr.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-24442-6; 978-3-319-24440-2 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL FOOD PY 2016 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24442-6_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24442-6 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BE2IH UT WOS:000369374700010 ER PT J AU Zhang, JW Young, DH Oliver, WW Fiddler, GO AF Zhang, Jianwei Young, David H. Oliver, William W. Fiddler, Gary O. TI Effect of overstorey trees on understorey vegetation in California (USA) ponderosa pine plantations SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; STAND DENSITY; SIERRA-NEVADA; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; RESPONSES; FERTILIZATION; COMPETITION; PRODUCTIVITY AB Understorey vegetation plays a significant role in the structure and function of forest ecosystems. Controlling understorey vegetation has proven to be an effective tool in increasing tree growth and overstorey development. However, a long-term consequence of the practice on plant diversity is not fully understood. Here, we analysed early development of overstorey and understorey vegetation of four ponderosa pine plantations established decades ago in northern California, USA. These experiments were intended to examine the effect of understorey control on tree growth, including additional effects of tree density or fertilization. Over the years, trees and understorey vegetation were measured repeatedly for height and crown width. We found that responses of understorey vegetation to overstorey varied at different developmental stages. First, understorey cover increased with overstorey cover until it peaked at a certain age or overstorey height and cover, which varied with site quality. Second, herbaceous species reached their peak earlier than shrubs; shrubs subsequently suppressed herbaceous species. Fertilizer effects on plant species diversity were site specific, and density effects were non-significant except at the highest density. These results demonstrate that both fertilization and density manipulation influenced understorey cover and diversity. Such differences are relevant in vegetation management planning efforts. C1 [Zhang, Jianwei; Oliver, William W.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Young, David H.; Fiddler, Gary O.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Reg, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Zhang, JW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM jianweizhang@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X EI 1464-3626 J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JAN PY 2016 VL 89 IS 1 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpv036 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DE9PI UT WOS:000370969800009 ER PT J AU Alvarenga, CD Dias, V Stuhl, C Sivinski, J AF Alvarenga, Clarice Diniz Dias, Vanessa Stuhl, Charles Sivinski, John TI Contrasting Brood-Sex Ratio Flexibility in Two Opiine (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Parasitoids of Tephritid (Diptera) Fruit Flies SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Diachasmimorpha; utetes; local mate competition; biological control ID REARED DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; TRYONI HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FOPIUS-ARISANUS; SUPERPARASITISM; DISTRIBUTIONS; COMPETITION; STRATEGIES; ALLOCATION AB Mass-rearing of fruit fly parasitoids for augmentative release would be more economical if production could be biased towards females. If sex ratios are ever to be manipulated under rearing conditions it is important to determine if, then understand why, sex ratio flexibility exists. Unequal brood-sex ratios are common in parasitic Hymenoptera and two reasons are generally advanced for such cases: 1) avoidance of Local Mate Competition (LMC) predicts that the number of females exploiting a host-patch can influence the optimal sex ratio of their offspring; and 2) one sex is more likely to develop under a particular set of physical/competitive conditions. We hypothesized that LMC is more often encountered in relatively uncommon species with coarse-grained distributions. As a result, isolated females of such species would be more likely to expect future LMC to be high and to bias offspring sex ratios towards females. We proposed that the opiine braconid Utetes anastrephae is such a coarse-grained species and compared its responses to differences to LMC (isolated females and those paired with a conspecific competitor) with those of another opiine, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata believed to have a finer-grained distribution. Adult sex ratios were mutable in D. longicaudata and U. anastrephae and, as predicted by avoidance of LMC, males were relatively more abundant among the paired females in both species. However, superparasitized hosts yielded relatively more daughters, perhaps because female larvae are superior intrinsic competitors. Contrary to prediction, there was no suggestion that U. anastrephae was more likely to than D. longicaudata to avoid LMC. While these results did not reveal any species differences in sex-allocation patterns or suggest any modifications to the present practice of fruit fly mass-rearing for augmentative release they did provide new information regarding U. anastrephae, a widespread natural enemy of Anastrepha spp. about which relatively little is known. C1 [Alvarenga, Clarice Diniz] Univ Estadual Montes Claros, UNIMONTES, Caixa Postal 91, BR-39440000 Janauba, MG, Brazil. [Dias, Vanessa] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stuhl, Charles; Sivinski, John] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Alvarenga, CD (reprint author), Univ Estadual Montes Claros, UNIMONTES, Caixa Postal 91, BR-39440000 Janauba, MG, Brazil.; Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM clarice.corsato@unimontes.br; John.sivinski@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 EI 1572-8889 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s10905-015-9532-2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DE9LB UT WOS:000370957900003 ER PT J AU Guillen, L Sivinski, J Rull, J AF Guillen, Larissa Sivinski, John Rull, Juan TI The Role of Males in Host-Fruit Selection by Females of a Walnut Infesting Tephritid (Diptera) Rhagoletis zoqui SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Host cues; host selection; conspecific traces; interaction; Rhagoletis ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; POMONELLA DIPTERA; OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE; OFFSPRING PERFORMANCE; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; MATING-BEHAVIOR; FLY DIPTERA; FLIES; JUGLANDIS AB Rhagoletis zoqui Bush flies have a mating system in which males guard and defend walnut fruit-hosts from other males and mate, apparently without courtship, with females as they arrive to oviposit. Hypothetically, female selection of a particular fruit may be due to the quality of fruit for larval development (previously determined by guarding males), the quality of the male upon the fruit as a mate, or both, but this is not clear. We performed an experiment to determine if R. zoqui females or males select the fruit to oviposit or guard based on its quality for larval development (i.e., size, sugar-content [brix] or hardness), or following male-mediated cues such as chemical residues, related to prior fruit occupation by the male during guarding. Fruit choice by R. zoqui females and males were examined under semi-natural conditions on caged branches of English walnut trees, Juglans regia L., growing in the highlands of south-central Mexico. A single male or female was allowed to select a fruit and was then removed. An individual of the opposite sex was then introduced to the same branch and presented with the opportunity to choose among the same array of hosts. The pattern of fruit choice was consistent, with female choice on the basis of male presence, suggesting that males left a chemical cue that persisted in their absence. No fruit quality differences were detected between selected and non-selected fruit. Fruit features selected by females and males matched almost exactly, although males rarely select the same fruit as females. We conclude that females preferentially selected fruit previously occupied by males although additional studies are required to determine the cues used by R. zoqui for oviposition resource selection by both females and resource guarding males. C1 [Guillen, Larissa] Inst Ecol AC, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Sivinski, John] Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rull, Juan] LIEMEN Div Control Biol Plagas, PROIMI Biotecnol CONICET, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. [Guillen, Larissa] Univ Veracruzana, Inst Neuroetol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Guillen, L (reprint author), Inst Ecol AC, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico.; Guillen, L (reprint author), Univ Veracruzana, Inst Neuroetol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. EM larissa.guillen@inecol.mx FU Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) [CB 2005-25889-50008Q]; Campana Nacional contra Moscas de la Fruta (DGSV-SAGARPA); Instituto de Ecologia, A.C.; Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (ARS-USDA) FX We are very grateful to Emilio Acosta Hernandez for technical support in the field and to the Jinez, Cervantes, Flores-Garcia, Ceron-Cortes, Lopez and Montes-Pina families for permission to use their trees during this study. Abdo Zaid (USDA-ARS. Office of the Director RBRRC, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, 30605) provided useful statistical advice. We thank to four anonymous reviewers and Trevor Williams for constructive comments. Financial support was provided by the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) (Reference No. CB 2005-25889-50008Q), Campana Nacional contra Moscas de la Fruta (DGSV-SAGARPA), by the Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., and by the Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (ARS-USDA). This study formed part of the PhD dissertation of LG (Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Neuroetologia). NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 EI 1572-8889 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s10905-015-9541-1 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DE9LB UT WOS:000370957900007 ER PT J AU Jogi, A Kerry, JW Brenneman, TB Leebens-Mack, JH Gold, SE AF Jogi, Ansuya Kerry, John W. Brenneman, Timothy B. Leebens-Mack, James H. Gold, Scott E. TI Identification of genes differentially expressed during early interactions between the stem rot fungus (Sclerotium rolfsii) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars with increasing disease resistance levels SO MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; Sclerotium rolfsii; Differential gene expression; Real-time PCR; PR proteins ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; OXALIC-ACID; RESVERATROL SYNTHASE; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; ABIOTIC STRESSES; THAUMATIN-LIKE; LINKAGE MAP; REGISTRATION; PLANTS AB Sclerotium rolfsii, a destructive soil-borne fungal pathogen causes stem rot of the cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes associated with peanut resistance and fungal virulence. Four peanut cultivars (A100-32, Georgia Green, GA-07W and York) with increasing resistance levels were inoculated with a virulent S. rolfsii strain to study the early plant pathogen interaction. 454 sequencing was performed on RNAs from infected tissue collected at 4 days post inoculation, generating 225,793 high-quality reads. Normalized read counts and fold changes were calculated and statistical analysis used to identify differentially expressed genes. Several genes identified as differential in the RNA-seq experiment were selected based on functions of interest and real-time PCR employed to corroborate their differential expression. Expanding the analysis to include all four cultivars revealed a small but interesting set of genes showing colinearity between cultivar resistance and expression levels. This study identified a set of genes possibly related to pathogen response that may be useful marker assisted selection or transgenic disease control strategies. Additionally, a set of differentially expressed genes that have not been functionally characterized in peanut or other plants and warrant additional investigation were identified. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Jogi, Ansuya; Brenneman, Timothy B.; Gold, Scott E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kerry, John W.; Leebens-Mack, James H.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gold, Scott E.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gold, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM scott.gold@ars.usda.gov FU National Peanut Board; UGA Department of Plant Pathology FX The authors would like to thank the National Peanut Board and the UGA Department of Plant Pathology for funding this project. We are also grateful to Dr. C. Holbrook for supplying seeds. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-5013 J9 MICROBIOL RES JI Microbiol. Res. PY 2016 VL 184 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.micres.2015.11.003 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DE8RF UT WOS:000370903700001 PM 26856448 ER PT J AU Pinto, HA Griffin, MJ Quiniou, SM Ware, C Melo, AL AF Pinto, Hudson A. Griffin, Matt J. Quiniou, Sylvie M. Ware, Cynthia Melo, Alan L. TI Biomphalaria straminea (Mollusca: Planorbidae) as an intermediate host of Drepanocephalus spp. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Brazil: a morphological and molecular study SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomphalaria; Cercariae; Drepanocephalus; Molluscs; Trematodes ID CORMORANTS PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; JUVENILE CHANNEL CATFISH; MALE-BIASED PARASITISM; FRESH-WATER FISHES; DIGENEA ECHINOSTOMATIDAE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NEOTROPICAL CORMORANT; HELMINTH-PARASITES; NORTH-AMERICA; MEXICO AB Species of trematodes belonging to the genus Drepanocephalus are intestinal parasites of piscivorous birds, primarily cormorants (Phalachrocorax spp.), and are widely reported in the Americas. During a 4-year malacological study conducted on an urban lake in Brazil, 27-collar-spined echinostome cercariae were found in 1665/15,459 (10.7 %) specimens of Biomphalaria straminea collected. The cercariae were identified as Drepanocephalus spp. by sequencing the 18S (SSU) rDNA, ITS1/5.8S rDNA/ITS2 (ITS), 28S (LSU) rDNA region, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) markers. In experimental life cycle studies, metacercariae developed in laboratory-reared guppies (Poecilia reticulata); however, attempts to infect birds and rodents were unsuccessful. Two closely related morphotypes of cercariae were characterized. One species, identified by molecular markers as a genetic variant of Drepanocephalus auritus (99.9 % similarity at SSU, ITS, LSU; 97.2 % at CO1; 95.8% at ND1), differs slightly from an archived NorthAmerican isolate of this species also sequenced as part of this study. A second species, putatively identified as Drepanocephalus sp., has smaller cercariae and demonstrates significant differences from D. auritus at the CO1 (11.0 %) and ND1 (13.6 %) markers. Aspects related to the morphological taxonomic identification of 27-collar-spined echinostome metacercariae are briefly discussed. This is the first report of the involvement of molluscs of the genus Biomphalaria in the transmission of Drepanocephalus and the first report of D. auritus in South America. C1 [Pinto, Hudson A.; Melo, Alan L.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Parasitol, Lab Taxon & Biol Invertebrados, CP 486, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Griffin, Matt J.; Ware, Cynthia] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Quiniou, Sylvie M.] USDA, Warmwater Aquaculture Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Pinto, HA (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Parasitol, Lab Taxon & Biol Invertebrados, CP 486, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM hudsonalves13@ig.com.br NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 115 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s00436-015-4469-0 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA DE8EM UT WOS:000370868600005 PM 25982569 ER PT J AU Aoun, M Kolmer, J Chao, S Xu, S Acevedo, M AF Aoun, M. Kolmer, J. Chao, S. Xu, S. Acevedo, M. TI Genome wide association studies and genetic analysis of leaf rust resistance in durum wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the North-Central-Division of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY JUN 10-12, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Aoun, M.; Acevedo, M.] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Kolmer, J.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chao, S.] USDA, ARS, BRL, Fargo, ND USA. [Xu, S.] USDA, ARS, NCSL, Fargo, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 106 IS 1 SU 1 BP S1 EP S2 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DE9FY UT WOS:000370943000005 ER PT J AU Bakker, M Moorman, T Manter, D Kaspar, T AF Bakker, M. Moorman, T. Manter, D. Kaspar, T. TI Winter rye cover crops as a host for corn seedling pathogens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the North-Central-Division of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY JUN 10-12, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Bakker, M.; Moorman, T.; Kaspar, T.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. [Manter, D.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 106 IS 1 SU 1 BP S2 EP S2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DE9FY UT WOS:000370943000006 ER PT J AU Humann, R Gulya, T Marek, L Jordahl, J Meyer, S Markell, S AF Humann, R. Gulya, T. Marek, L. Jordahl, J. Meyer, S. Markell, S. TI Identification of Helianthus accessions resistant to Plasmopara halstedii (downy mildew) and Puccinia helianthi (rust) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the North-Central-Division of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY JUN 10-12, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Humann, R.; Jordahl, J.; Meyer, S.; Markell, S.] NDSU Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND USA. [Gulya, T.] USDA ARS, Sunflower Res Unit, Fargo, ND USA. [Marek, L.] USDA ARS, North Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 106 IS 1 SU 1 BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DE9FY UT WOS:000370943000017 ER PT J AU Jiang, Q Wu, H Kirk, WW Hanson, LE AF Jiang, Q. Wu, H. Kirk, W. W. Hanson, L. E. TI Alternaria spp. from sugarbeet tolerant to four fungicide classes in Michigan SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the North-Central-Division of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY JUN 10-12, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Jiang, Q.; Wu, H.; Kirk, W. W.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hanson, L. E.] USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 106 IS 1 SU 1 BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DE9FY UT WOS:000370943000020 ER PT J AU Johnson, E Dowd, P Hughes, S AF Johnson, E. Dowd, P. Hughes, S. TI Transgenic tobacco expressing a modified spider peptide inhibits the growth of plant pathogens and insect larvae SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the North-Central-Division of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY JUN 10-12, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Johnson, E.; Dowd, P.; Hughes, S.] USDA ARS, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 106 IS 1 SU 1 BP S4 EP S5 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DE9FY UT WOS:000370943000021 ER PT J AU Minier, DH Hanson, LE Cichy, KA AF Minier, D. H. Hanson, L. E. Cichy, K. A. TI Screening a dry bean Andean diversity panel for potential sources of resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot and damping-off SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the North-Central-Division of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY JUN 10-12, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Minier, D. H.] Michigan State Univ, Springport, MI USA. [Hanson, L. E.; Cichy, K. A.] USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 106 IS 1 SU 1 BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DE9FY UT WOS:000370943000029 ER PT J AU Rupp, JL Cruz, LF Fellers, JP Trick, HN AF Rupp, J. L. Cruz, L. F. Fellers, J. P. Trick, H. N. TI RNAi mediated silencing of endogenous wheat genes eIF(iso)4E-2 and eIF4G induces resistance to potyviruses Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the North-Central-Division of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY JUN 10-12, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Rupp, J. L.; Cruz, L. F.; Trick, H. N.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Fellers, J. P.] USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 106 IS 1 SU 1 BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DE9FY UT WOS:000370943000039 ER PT J AU Losada, L DebRoy, C Radune, D Kim, M Sanka, R Brinkac, L Kariyawasam, S Shelton, D Fratamico, PM Kapur, V Feng, PCH AF Losada, Liliana DebRoy, Chitrita Radune, Diana Kim, Maria Sanka, Ravi Brinkac, Lauren Kariyawasam, Subhashinie Shelton, Daniel Fratamico, Pina M. Kapur, Vivek Feng, Peter C. H. TI Whole genome sequencing of diverse Shiga toxin-producing and non-producing Escherichia coli strains reveals a variety of virulence and novel antibiotic resistance plasmids SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Genome sequencing; STEC; Plasmids; Antibiotic resistance; Virulence genes ID DNA-SEQUENCE; GENE; PREVALENCE; O157-H7; STEC AB The genomes of a diverse set of Escherichia coli, including many Shiga toxin-producing strains of various serotypes were determined. A total of 39 plasmids were identified among these strains, and many carried virulence or putative virulence genes of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains, virulence genes for other pathogenic E. coli groups, and some had combinations of these genes. Among the novel plasmids identified were eight that carried resistance genes to aminoglycosides, carbapenems, penicillins, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and resistance to heavy metals. Two of the plasmids carried six of these resistance genes and two novel IncHI2 plasmids were also identified. The results of this study showed that plasmids carrying diverse resistance and virulence genes of various pathogenic E. coli groups can be found in E. coli strains and serotypes regardless of the isolate's source and therefore, is consistent with the premise that these mobile elements carrying these traits may be broadly disseminated among E. coli. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Losada, Liliana; Radune, Diana; Kim, Maria; Sanka, Ravi; Brinkac, Lauren; Feng, Peter C. H.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [DebRoy, Chitrita; Kariyawasam, Subhashinie; Kapur, Vivek] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Shelton, Daniel] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Fratamico, Pina M.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Feng, Peter C. H.] US FDA, Div Microbiol, College Pk, MD USA. RP Feng, PCH (reprint author), US FDA, HFS 711,5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM liliana@swhr.org; peter.feng@fda.hhs.gov FU Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN272200900007C]; federal funds from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health FX This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under contract number HHSN272200900007C. The authors also thank Mark Adams, Derrick Fouts and William Nierman for their review of this manuscript. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X EI 1095-9890 J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD JAN PY 2016 VL 83 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2015.12.001 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA DE8VG UT WOS:000370914200002 PM 26746359 ER PT J AU Shirk, PD Furlong, RB AF Shirk, Paul D. Furlong, Richard B. TI Insect cell transformation vectors that support high level expression and promoter assessment in insect cell culture SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Genetic transformation; Densovirus integration; Transfection; Expression; Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells; Bombyx mori Bm5 cells ID RECOMBINANT ADENOASSOCIATED VIRUS; 28S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; DENSOVIRUS; INTEGRATION; TRANSDUCTION AB A somatic transformation vector, pDP9, was constructed that provides a simplified means of producing permanently transformed cultured insect cells that support high levels of protein expression of foreign genes. The pDP9 plasmid vector incorporates DNA sequences from the Junonia coenia densovirus that are involved in integration of the densovirus in insect cell chromosomes and a promoter/enhancer system that results in high levels of expression. The plasmid also contains two markers that permit selection of transformed insect cells by antibiotic resistance or by cell-sorting for fluorescent protein expression. Transformation of Bombyx mori Bm5 or Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cultured cells with the pDP9 vectors results in the integration of the pDP9 plasmid into genomic DNA of Bm5 and Sf9 cells. pDP9 contains a multiple cloning site (MCS) 3' of the densoviral P9 promoter and insertion of a protein coding sequence within the MCS results in high level expression by pDP9 transformed cells. P9 driven transcription in the pDP9 transformed Sf9 cells produced foreign gene transcript levels that were 30 fold higher than actin 3 driven transgenes and equivalent to hr51E1 driven transgenes. The pDP9 vector transformation results in the efficient selection of clones for assessment of promoter activity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shirk, Paul D.; Furlong, Richard B.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Shirk, PD (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM paul.shirk@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X EI 1095-9890 J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD JAN PY 2016 VL 83 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2016.01.001 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA DE8VG UT WOS:000370914200003 PM 26794473 ER PT J AU Bowker, B Gamble, G Zhuang, H AF Bowker, B. Gamble, G. Zhuang, H. TI Exudate Protein Composition and Meat Tenderness of Broiler Breast Fillets SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breast meat; exudate; meat quality; protein; tenderness ID WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY; SARCOPLASMIC PROTEINS; POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS; CENTRIFUGAL DRIP; CHICKEN MUSCLE; PIG MEAT; BEEF; IDENTIFICATION; MYOFIBRILLAR; INDICATORS AB The relationship between meat tenderness and the protein composition of muscle exudates collected from broiler breast fillets deboned at different postmortem times was investigated. A total of 85 broilers were processed and breast fillets from each carcass were deboned at either 2 h (early-deboned, EB) or 24 h (control) postmortem. One fillet per carcass was used for 1 d postmortem meat tenderness measurements and the other fillet was stored at 4 degrees C until 6 d postmortem for the collection of exudate prior to tenderness evaluation. Protein content and composition of muscle exudates were determined by a biuret assay and SDS-PAGE. Fillet pH, color, drip loss, and cook loss were also measured. Early-deboned fillets exhibited greater (P < 0.05) Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) than controls at 1 d (7.4 vs. 3.1 kg) and 6 d (4.1 vs. 2.5 kg). Deboning time did not influence pH or color values (L*a*b*). Control fillets exhibited less drip loss after 6 d of storage (P = 0.005) and less cook loss at 1 and 6 d (P < 0.001). Exudate protein concentration was not influenced by deboning time. From the SDS-PAGE profiles of the exudates, the relative abundances of seventeen protein bands were quantified. Electrophoresis analysis revealed that, in general, the protein profiles of exudates from control and EB fillets were not distinct from each other. However, the band corresponding to 225 kDa was more abundant in controls (P = 0.021). Although the protein concentrations and SDS-PAGE profiles of muscle exudates varied widely between breast fillets, variations in exudate protein characteristics were not strongly associated with changes in the tenderness of broiler breast meat due to the combined effects of postmortem deboning time and post-deboning aging. C1 [Bowker, B.; Gamble, G.; Zhuang, H.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Poultry Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bowker, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Natl Poultry Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM brian.bowker@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 95 IS 1 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.3382/ps/pev312 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA DF0VW UT WOS:000371058300016 PM 26574030 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Zhu, JY Slininger, PJ Kurtzman, CP Moser, BR O'Bryan, PJ Gleisner, R Cotta, MA AF Dien, Bruce S. Zhu, J. Y. Slininger, Patricia J. Kurtzman, Cletus P. Moser, Bryan R. O'Bryan, Patricia J. Gleisner, Roland Cotta, Michael A. TI Conversion of SPORL pretreated Douglas fir forest residues into microbial lipids with oleaginous yeasts SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CELL OIL; YARROWIA-LIPOLYTICA; ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; TRICHOSPORON-FERMENTANS; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; BAGASSE HYDROLYSATE; ACID PRODUCTION; ACCUMULATION; BIOMASS; LIGNOSULFONATE AB Douglas fir is the dominant commercial tree grown in the United States. In this study Douglas fir residue was converted to single cell oils (SCO) using oleaginous yeasts. Monosaccharides were extracted from the woody biomass by pretreating with sulfite and dilute sulfuric acid (SPORL process) and hydrolyzing using commercial cellulases. A new SPORL process that uses pH profiling was compared to the traditional method. Both processes yielded 77 g l(-1) concentration of sugars. The SPORL generated sugars were evaluated for conversion to SCO using yeasts Lipomyces tetrasporus and Yarrowia lipolytica in batch cultures containing SPORL sugars diluted to 60% v/v supplemented with nitrogen at an appropriate C : N ratio of 75 : 1. An extended lag phase was observed for both yeasts, which was eliminated by including SPORL sugars diluted to 40% v/v in the seed cultures for acclimation. The maximum lipid concentrations were 3.18-5.13 g l(-1). This corresponded to yields of 0.06-0.17 g lipid per g beginning sugars and productivities of 0.99-1.42 g l(-1) d(-1). Lipid concentrations for L. tetrasporus were further amplified by using two schemes incorporating multiple batch cultures. In the first, the yeast was grown in 40% v/v SPORL sugars and the entire contents of this fermentation transferred to undiluted SPORL sugars not supplemented with nitrogen. The result was the production of 13.4 g l(-1) lipids within 3 days. This corresponds to a yield of 0.174 g g(-1) and a productivity of 4.47 g l(-1) d(-1). The second approach was to thrice transfer the yeast cells in 60% v/v SPORL sugars supplemented with limited nitrogen to promote further lipid formation. The end result was 18.1 g l(-1) of lipids with a process yield and productivity of 0.104 g g(-1) and 1.29 g l(-1) d(-1), respectively. This is the first report that the authors are aware of demonstrating the feasibility of converting unconditioned woody biomass to single cell oil. C1 [Dien, Bruce S.; Slininger, Patricia J.; O'Bryan, Patricia J.; Cotta, Michael A.] USDA ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Zhu, J. Y.; Gleisner, Roland] USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Kurtzman, Cletus P.] USDA ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Moser, Bryan R.] USDA ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dien, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bruce.Dien@ars.usda.gov OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 25 BP 20695 EP 20705 DI 10.1039/c5ra24430g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DF0HE UT WOS:000371019000032 ER PT J AU Liu, YD Ye, B Wan, CL Hao, Y Ouyang, AG Lan, YB AF Liu, Yande Ye, Bing Wan, Changlan Hao, Yong Ouyang, Aiguo Lan, Yubin TI Determination of dimethoate and phosmet pesticides with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy SO SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Data preprocessing; dimethoate and phosmet pesticides; partial least squares regression; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ID FT-RAMAN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRUITS; FORMULATIONS; SCATTERING; RESIDUES; SPECTRA; CYROMAZINE AB Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy spectra of dimethoate and phosmet pesticides were recorded using a Klarite substrate. Significant enhancements were achieved with dimethoate over a concentration range of 0.5-10 mu g mL(-1) and phosmet over a concentration range of 0.1-10 mu g mL(-1). The best prediction model for dimethoate pesticide was achieved with a correlation coefficient of 0.940 and a root mean square error of prediction of 0.864 mu g mL(-1), with the first derivative and standard normalized variate data preprocessing, and the best prediction model of phosmet pesticide was achieved with a correlation coefficient of 0.949 and a root mean square error of prediction of 0.741 mu g mL(-1) with the first derivative data preprocessing. Our study shows that pesticides, including dimethoate and phosmet, could be quantitatively measured at as low as 0.5 mu g mL(-1) level using surface-enhanced Raman technology coupled with a Klarite substrate and the results indicated that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with a Klarite substrate has potential for the analysis of dimethoate and phosmet residues. C1 [Liu, Yande; Ye, Bing; Wan, Changlan; Hao, Yong; Ouyang, Aiguo] East China Jiaotong Univ, Sch Mechatron Engn, Nanchang 330013, Peoples R China. [Lan, Yubin] ARS, USDA, Southern Plain Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Liu, YD (reprint author), East China Jiaotong Univ, Sch Mechatron Engn, Nanchang 330013, Peoples R China. EM jxliuyd@163.com FU National Science and Technology Support Program of China [31160250, 61178036]; Jiangxi Province photoelectric detection engineering technology research center [[2012]155]; Leading talent Engineering Program of GanBo "555" in Jiangxi Province FX The study was supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (31160250, 61178036), Jiangxi Province photoelectric detection engineering technology research center ([2012]155), Leading talent Engineering Program of GanBo "555" in Jiangxi Province. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-7010 EI 1532-2289 J9 SPECTROSC LETT JI Spectr. Lett. PY 2016 VL 49 IS 3 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1080/00387010.2013.843197 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA DF1AY UT WOS:000371072000007 ER PT S AU Qin, S Hu, C Ahuja, LR Zhang, Y Wang, Y AF Qin, Shuping Hu, Chunsheng Ahuja, Lajpat R. Zhang, Yuming Wang, Yuying BE DelGrosso, SJ Ahuja, LR Parton, WJ TI Nitrous Oxide Emission from Uplands in Northern China SO SYNTHESIS AND MODELING OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND CARBON STORAGE IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST SYSTEMS TO GUIDE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DOUBLE-CROPPING SYSTEM; FILLED PORE-SPACE; N2O EMISSIONS; NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; WATER MANAGEMENT; CALCAREOUS SOIL; NITRIC-OXIDE; LOAM SOIL; PLAIN AB Northern China, as one of the key agricultural regions, is an important nitrous oxide (N2O) emission source because of increasing use inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization to achieve high crop yields. Nitrous oxide is usually emitted through soil nitrification and denitrification processes regulated by microbial and environmental factors. Microbial nitrification may dominate N2O emission in this region. Influenced by meteorological and agronomical practice, soil N2O emission shows large spatial and temporal variation. In the typical winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer corn (Zea mays L.) double-cropping system, N2O concentration in soil air increased with soil depth from 0 to 30 cm and approached stable values at soil depths deeper than 60 cm. Annual N2O emission increased with N fertilization rates. Nitrous oxide emission in the corn season is more than in the wheat season. Yield-scaled N2O emission (N2O emission per unit crop yield) is proposed in view of the challenges of increasing food production and simultaneously decreasing N2O emissions. According to this concept, N fertilizer rate of 310 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) was reported to be suitable for both crop production and mitigation of N2O emissions under the double-cropping rotation in northern China. The N2O emission factor is simple to estimate N2O emission from agricultural soil. The reported conceptual first-order reaction modeling approach, with the effects of fertilizer source and plant uptake, is useful to enhance the simple emission factor approach. The process-based models are promising methods for accurate estimation in the future studies of soil N2O fluxes. C1 [Qin, Shuping; Hu, Chunsheng; Zhang, Yuming; Wang, Yuying] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Ctr Agr Resources Res, Key Lab Agr Water Resources, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China. [Ahuja, Lajpat R.] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hu, C (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Ctr Agr Resources Res, Key Lab Agr Water Resources, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China. EM qinshuping@sjziam.ac.cn; cshu@sjziam.ac.cn; Laj.Ahuja@ars.usda.gov; ymzhang@sjziam.ac.cn; wangyuying@sjziam.ac.cn NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-346-4; 978-0-89118-345-7 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2016 VL 6 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.2134/advagricsystmodel6.2013.0006.5 D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel6 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE3JL UT WOS:000370803600003 ER PT S AU Del Grosso, SJ Ahuja, LR Parton, WJ AF Del Grosso, Stephen J. Ahuja, Lajpat R. Parton, William J. BE DelGrosso, SJ Ahuja, LR Parton, WJ TI Synthesis and Modeling of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Storage in Agricultural and Forest Systems to Guide Mitigation and Adaptation Preface SO SYNTHESIS AND MODELING OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND CARBON STORAGE IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST SYSTEMS TO GUIDE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Del Grosso, Stephen J.] 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ahuja, Lajpat R.] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Parton, William J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Campus Delivery 1499, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Del Grosso, SJ (reprint author), 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM steve.delgrosso@ars.usda.gov; Laj.Ahuja@ars.usda.gov; William.parton@colostate.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-346-4; 978-0-89118-345-7 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2016 VL 6 BP IX EP X D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel6 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE3JL UT WOS:000370803600002 ER PT S AU Gollany, H AF Gollany, Hero BE DelGrosso, SJ Ahuja, LR Parton, WJ TI CQESTR Simulation of Dryland Agroecosystem Soil Organic Carbon Changes under Climate Change Scenarios SO SYNTHESIS AND MODELING OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND CARBON STORAGE IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST SYSTEMS TO GUIDE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CROP-ROTATION; WHEAT-FALLOW; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; MODEL DESCRIPTION; SOLUBLE SILICA; NO-TILLAGE; CORN-BELT AB The potential effects of global climate change (CC) on C cycling and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and loss in agroecosystems can be assessed by process-based models such as CQESTR. This model was used to simulate the effect of tillage and N fertilization on soil C storage and loss in three long-term experiments, where a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotation under dryland is the predominant practice. Using a 30-yr simulation approach, the effects of biomass increases and decreases, intensifying cropping, and two decades of potential CC scenarios on SOC stock under 0 and 135 kg N ha(-1) (0N and 135N) in conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) were examined. These SOC stocks were also compared with those of a pasture (GP). With a 30% increase in biomass, predicted SOC stock in the topsoil of the GP increased by 22% under current climate compared to CC scenario, and the topsoil was more affected by CC than the subsoil. A loss of SOC was predicted at the 0-to 30- and 30- to 60-cm depths for the CT-0N in all scenarios. The same was true for the CT-135N and NT-0N, except SOC gains of 0.26 and 1.37 Mg ha(-1) were predicted, respectively, in continuous winter wheat under CC scenarios. The NT-135N was the only treatment with SOC gains ranging from 1.35 Mg ha(-1) in wheat-fallow system with 30% biomass reduction to 8.61 Mg ha(-1) in continuous wheat. The C sink capacities of the NT-135N, NT-0N, CT-135N, and CT-0N were 12.69, 14.54, 13.46, and 18.57 Mg ha(-1), respectively, relative to the GP. Crop intensification under NT is a viable management system that could sequester up to 1.05 Mg CO2 ha(-1) yr(-1) and improve SOC stock while reducing CO2 in the atmosphere. C1 [Gollany, Hero] ARS, USDA, CPCRC, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Rd, Adams, OR 97810 USA. RP Gollany, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CPCRC, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Rd, Adams, OR 97810 USA. EM hero.gollany@ars.usda.gov NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-346-4; 978-0-89118-345-7 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2016 VL 6 BP 59 EP 87 DI 10.2134/advagricsystmodel6.2013.0004 D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel6 PG 29 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE3JL UT WOS:000370803600005 ER PT S AU Del Grosso, SJ Gollany, HT Reyes-Fox, M AF Del Grosso, Stephen J. Gollany, Hero T. Reyes-Fox, Melissa BE DelGrosso, SJ Ahuja, LR Parton, WJ TI Simulating Soil Organic Carbon Stock Changes in Agroecosystems using CQESTR, DayCent, and IPCC Tier 1 Methods SO SYNTHESIS AND MODELING OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND CARBON STORAGE IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST SYSTEMS TO GUIDE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; NORTH-CENTRAL OREGON; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WINTER-WHEAT; CORN YIELDS; MODEL; DYNAMICS; MATTER AB Models are often used to quantify how land use change and management impact soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks because it is often not feasible to use direct measuring methods. Because models are simplifications of reality, it is essential to compare model outputs with measured values to evaluate model performance. In this chapter we compare the abilities of two process-based models (CQESTR and DayCent) and one empirical model (IPCC Tier 1 methodology) to represent how tillage intensity and nitrogen fertilizer inputs affect SOC stocks in a dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow system in Oregon and an irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) system in Colorado. All three models correctly predicted SOC losses in Oregon, but the models (particularly the Tier 1 method) tended to underpredict the magnitude of losses. In Colorado, all three models underestimated SOC losses observed with conventional tillage and no N fertilizer addition. At both sites, observations showed higher losses (or smaller gains) compared to the models as tillage intensity increased and N fertilizer additions decreased. The IPCC Tier 1 method is meant to be used for large-scale applications and does not account for all of the processes that influence SOC stocks, so it is not surprising that this method does not perform particularly well when compared with field level observations. The process-based models performed better than the Tier 1 methodology, but could be improved by better accounting of erosion, the vertical distribution of SOC in the soil profile, and the impacts of nitrogen on plant production and carbon allocation. C1 [Del Grosso, Stephen J.; Reyes-Fox, Melissa] USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Gollany, Hero T.] ARS, USDA, CPCRC, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Rd, Adams, OR 97810 USA. RP Del Grosso, SJ (reprint author), USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM steve.delgrosso@ars.usda.gov; hero.gollany@ars.usda.gov; Melissa.Reyes@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-346-4; 978-0-89118-345-7 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2016 VL 6 BP 89 EP 110 DI 10.2134/advagricsystmodel6.2013.0001.5 D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel6 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE3JL UT WOS:000370803600006 ER PT S AU Smith, JE Heath, LS AF Smith, James E. Heath, Linda S. BE DelGrosso, SJ Ahuja, LR Parton, WJ TI Measuring and Modeling Carbon Stock Change Estimates for US Forests and Uncertainties from Apparent Inter-annual Variability SO SYNTHESIS AND MODELING OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND CARBON STORAGE IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST SYSTEMS TO GUIDE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; BUDGET MODEL; INVENTORY; SEQUESTRATION AB Our approach is based on a collection of models that convert or augment the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis program survey data to estimate all forest carbon component stocks, including live and standing dead tree aboveground and belowground biomass, forest floor (litter), down deadwood, and soil organic carbon, for each inventory plot. The data, which include estimates of forest area, can then be used in calculations for total stocks or change. We describe our approach, which has been used to estimate forest carbon stocks and stock change for the annual US greenhouse gas inventory compiled by the USEPA for reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Results in the national stock change trends can exhibit relatively large annual changes in these change trends, which are called inter-annual variability. We examine the inter-annual variability and underlying data for the possible causes, and discuss implications. C1 [Smith, James E.; Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Jsmith11@fs.fed.us; Lheath@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-346-4; 978-0-89118-345-7 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2016 VL 6 BP 111 EP 127 DI 10.2134/advagricsystmodel6.2013.0005 D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel6 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE3JL UT WOS:000370803600007 ER PT S AU Del Grosso, SJ Ahuja, LR Parton, WJ AF Del Grosso, Stephen J. Ahuja, Lajpat R. Parton, William J. BE DelGrosso, SJ Ahuja, LR Parton, WJ TI Modeling GHG Emissions and Carbon Changes in Agricultural and Forest Systems to Guide Mitigation and Adaptation: Synthesis and Future Needs SO SYNTHESIS AND MODELING OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND CARBON STORAGE IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST SYSTEMS TO GUIDE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREENHOUSE-GAS MITIGATION; ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT; TILL CORN; SOIL N2O; SIMULATION; LIVESTOCK; DAYCENT; IMPACTS AB Agricultural production systems and land use change for agriculture and forestry are important sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Recent commitments by the European Union, the United States, and China to reduce GHG emissions highlight the need to improve estimates of current emissions and mitigation potentials for the agricultural and forestry sectors of the economy. Because it is not feasible to measure GHG emissions and carbon stock changes for these systems beyond the plot scale, models of varying complexity have been applied at regional and larger scales to estimate current emissions and mitigation potentials for different management change scenarios. The chapters in this volume demonstrate that both simple, empirically based methods and mechanistic, process-based models have strengths and weaknesses depending on the stakeholder interest, scale of application, and other factors. Model outputs often agree closely with observed GHG fluxes and carbon stock changes associated with management of agricultural soils, forests, and livestock production systems, but uncertainty in model results remains high when they are applied to new or novel management- landscape combinations due to limitations in model driver data, parametrizations, and representation of key processes. These limitations can be addressed by devoting resources to increase the quality and quantity of model driver data, particularly in developing countries, establishing protocols for modeling methods and making algorithms more transparent, and integrating observations using different approaches (e. g., bottom-up chamber-based vs. top-down micrometeorological-based gas flux measurements) into standardized databases to facilitate rigorous model testing. C1 [Del Grosso, Stephen J.; Ahuja, Lajpat R.] ARS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Parton, William J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Campus Delivery 1499, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Del Grosso, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM steve.delgrosso@ars.usda.gov; Laj.Ahuja@ars.usda.gov; William.parton@colostate.edu NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-346-4; 978-0-89118-345-7 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2016 VL 6 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.2134/advagricsystmodel6.2013.0008 D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel6 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE3JL UT WOS:000370803600013 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Stout, R Brink, G AF Sanderson, Matt A. Stout, Robert Brink, Geoffrey TI Productivity, Botanical Composition, and Nutritive Value of Commercial Pasture Mixtures SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; FORAGE MIXTURES; UNITED-STATES; GRASS; PERFORMANCE; DIVERSITY; CATTLE AB Pastures in the northeastern United States are oft en planted to mixtures of grasses and legumes. We evaluated several commercial seed mixtures to determine if the number of species in mixture affected yield and botanical composition in central Pennsylvania. Three replicate plots of 25 mixtures, five each of two, three, four, five, and six species of grasses and legumes were planted in August 2007 near State College, PA. Plots were grazed by beef cows for 3 yr. Dry matter (DM) yield was determined at each of the six harvests in each year. Botanical composition was measured at the first, third, and last harvest each year. Annual DM yield was positively related to the number of species planted (r(2) = 0.15, 0.18, and 0.26 for 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively). Mixtures within groups of similar species richness, however, varied in yield. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) did not establish or persist well in mixture with taller grasses [e.g., orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)]. The short-lived species festulolium (X Festulolium Asch. & Graebn.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) contributed significantly to production during the first year and were replaced by longer-lived species such as orchardgrass and white clover (T. repens L.). Forage nutritive value was related to the botanical composition but not the number of species in mixture. Results suggest that a strategy of planting mixtures with a combination of fast-and slow-establishing species can be effective for multispecies pastures in central Pennsylvania. C1 [Sanderson, Matt A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Stout, Robert] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd,Bldg 3702, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brink, Geoffrey] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr West, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM Matt.Sanderson@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.2134/agronj15.0259 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200009 ER PT J AU Northup, BK Rao, SC AF Northup, Brian K. Rao, Srinivas C. TI Effects of Legume Green Manures on Forage Produced in Continuous Wheat Systems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WARM-SEASON LEGUMES; WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; NITROGEN-SOURCE; GRASS PEA; WATER-USE; NO-TILL; FALLOW; GROWTH AB Inorganic N fertilizers are important to continuous systems of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) in the U.S. southern Great Plains (SGP). Costs have increased in recent years and resulted in producers considering summer-grown legumes as green N sources. This study (2008-2012) defined effects of lablab [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet 'Rio Verde'] cover crops on subsequent forage production by wheat under conventional and no-till management, compared to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Laredo'], two inorganic fertilizer rates (40; 80 kg N ha(-1)yr(-1)), and unfertilized controls. Inoculated legume seeds were sown annually aft er wheat harvest, grown during June to August, and terminated in early-September. Wheat was sown late-September and samples collected at four growth stages through maturity. Wheat forage (kg ha(-1)), N concentration (g kg(-1)) and N accumulated (kg N ha(-1)) in forage were analyzed to define treatment, tillage, growth stage, and year effects. Precipitation was 53 to 92% of long-term average (LTA) for the wheat growing (October-May) period (1977-2012; 688 mm). Treatment x year interaction was significant (P < 0.01) for biomass, N concentration, and N accumulated in forage. Treatment effects on forage production varied among years; response to legume treatments were <= control. Response of N concentration and N accumulated in forage under legume treatments were largely <= control; responses to all treatments declined with length of study. Neither legume was an effective N source for forage production by continuous wheat systems in the SGP. C1 [Northup, Brian K.; Rao, Srinivas C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Northup, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM brian.northup@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.2134/agronj15.0031 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200010 ER PT J AU Misar, CG Xu, L Gates, RN Boe, A Johnson, PS Schauer, CS Rickertsen, JR Stroup, WW AF Misar, Christopher G. Xu, Lan Gates, Roger N. Boe, Arvid Johnson, Patricia S. Schauer, Christopher S. Rickertsen, John R. Stroup, Walter W. TI Establishment and Persistence of Yellow-Flowered Alfalfa No-Till Interseeded into Crested Wheatgrass Stands SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOD-SEEDING ALFALFA; RANGELAND; SASKATCHEWAN; QUALITY AB Crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult., and related taxa] oft en exists in near monoculture stands in the northern Great Plains. Introducing locally adapted yellow-flowered alfalfa [Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang.] would complement crested wheatgrass. Our objective was to evaluate effects of seeding date, clethodim {(E) -2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-propenyl)oxy]imino]propyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} sod suppression, and seeding rate on initial establishment and stand persistence of Falcata, a predominantly yellow-flowered alfalfa, no-till interseeded into crested wheatgrass. Research was initiated in August 2008 at Newcastle, WY; Hettinger, ND; Fruitdale, SD; and Buffalo, SD. Effects of treatment factors on plant frequency during initial establishment were influenced by site environments. Late summer and spring were suitable seeding dates. Clethodim sod suppression increased seedling frequency in most cases. Seedling frequency increased as seeding rate increased from 0.56 to 7.84 kg pure live seed (PLS) ha(-1). Specific seeding dates, clethodim sod suppression, and high seeding rates did not greatly improve initial establishment when site environments were poor. Residual effects of seeding date and sod suppression post establishment were not significant at most locations, but seeding rate effects were evident. Initial establishment and persistence of Falcata alfalfa was successful at Newcastle, indicating that interseeding in late summer or spring using low seeding rates (<= 3.36 kg PLS ha(-1)) without clethodim can be effective. Assessing grass canopy cover, soil texture, and management (e.g., haying) is necessary to determine the suitability of crested wheatgrass sites for interseeding. C1 [Misar, Christopher G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Misar, Christopher G.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Xu, Lan] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Gates, Roger N.; Johnson, Patricia S.] S Dakota State Univ, West River Ag Ctr, Dept Nat Resource Management, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Boe, Arvid] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Schauer, Christopher S.; Rickertsen, John R.] N Dakota State Univ, Hettinger Res Extens Ctr, Hettinger, ND 58639 USA. [Stroup, Walter W.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Xu, L (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM lan.xu@sdstate.edu FU South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; National Institute of Food and Agriculture through the Five States Ruminant Consortium; North Central Region SARE (NCR-SARE) Graduate Student Grant Program FX Research was funded in part by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, the National Institute of Food and Agriculture through the Five States Ruminant Consortium, and the North Central Region SARE (NCR-SARE) Graduate Student Grant Program. We thank Peter Larsen, Keith Franke, Bruce Swan, Douglas Young, and others for their contributions to the research. In addition, we thank Richard Horsley, Edward Gbur, and Mark West for their input regarding statistical analysis. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0271 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200014 ER PT J AU Gieske, MF Ackroyd, VJ Baas, DG Mutch, DR Wyse, DL Durgan, BR AF Gieske, Miriam F. Ackroyd, Victoria J. Baas, Dean G. Mutch, Dale R. Wyse, Donald L. Durgan, Beverly R. TI Brassica Cover Crop Effects on Nitrogen Availability and Oat and Corn Yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; GREEN MANURE; CATCH CROPS; EMISSIONS; RESIDUES; WINTER; ACCUMULATION; MANAGEMENT; RETENTION; FIELD AB Cover crops are used to scavenge residual soil nitrate, with the goal of reducing N losses from agricultural fields and increasing subsequent N availability. Two experiments were conducted to determine fall-planted brassica cover crops' effect on N availability for rotational crops. The first evaluated five species-brown mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern], hybrid turnip (Brassica rapa L. x B. napus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)-in rotation with oat (Avena sativa L.). The second evaluated radish in rotation with corn (Zea mays L.). End of season cover crop biomass averaged 1160 to 6170 kg ha(-1) across experiments, locations, and years. Biomass did not differ by species. Nitrogen accumulation was generally greater than 70 kg ha(-1) (range 31-136 kg ha(-1)). In the subsequent spring and summer, brassica cover crops reduced soil nitrate N levels relative to a no-cover control by 0 to 132 kg ha(-1). In Exp. 1, all brassicas reduced oat N accumulation by >= 77 kg ha(-1) and oat biomass by >= 1255 kg ha(-1) in June 2012, relative to the control. Mustards reduced oat grain yield by 505 kg ha(-1) in 2011, while radish increased oat yield by >= 578 kg ha(-1) in each year. In Exp. 2, radish did not affect corn V8 biomass N concentration, grain yield, or response to N fertilizer. Nitrogen taken up by brassica cover crops often is not available when the subsequent crop needs it. C1 [Gieske, Miriam F.; Wyse, Donald L.; Durgan, Beverly R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ackroyd, Victoria J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ackroyd, Victoria J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Baas, Dean G.; Mutch, Dale R.] Michigan State Univ Extens, Centreville, MI 49032 USA. RP Gieske, MF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.; Gieske, MF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gies0107@umn.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 42 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0119 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200015 ER PT J AU Wells, MS Reberg-Horton, SC Mirsky, SB AF Wells, M. Scott Reberg-Horton, S. Chris Mirsky, Steven B. TI Planting Date Impacts on Soil Water Management, Plant Growth, and Weeds in Cover-Crop-Based No-Till Corn Production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; ROLLER-CRIMPER; REDUCED-TILLAGE; VETCH; NITROGEN; RYE; MULCHES; USA; SUPPRESSION; PERFORMANCE AB Low input and organic farmers are utilizing cover crop mulches in corn (Zea mays L.) production. Corn planting is typically delayed to improve the efficacy of mechanical termination with roller-crimpers. During the late spring, as cover crops are allowed to grow to maximize biomass production, soil moisture reserves can become depleted, thereby directly impacting early season growth of the subsequent cash crop. A 4 site-year study was conducted in North Carolina (Goldsboro, Kinston, and Salisbury) to evaluate the effects of timing of corn planting aft er roller-crimping a cover crop mulch, on soil moisture, crop stand, weed pressure and corn yield. Two cover crop mixtures were compared: winter pea [P/R, Pisum sativum ssp. arvense (L.) Poir.], and hairy vetch (HV/R, Vicia villosa Roth) were both mixed with cereal rye (Secale cereale L.). Both cover crop treatments produced biomass greater than 7000 kg ha(-1) dry matter at all sites. Delayed planting aft er the cover crops were rolled-crimped did not enhance the soil volumetric water content (VWC) within the upper 10 cm. However, at Kinston in 2012, the VWC was 23% greater in the HV/R when compared to P/R and no-mulch treatments. The corn planting date across all 4 site-years did not affect weed biomass. Corn (2011) in the cover crop treatments yielded equivalent to their weed-free no-till without cover crop mulch counterparts. These results support the viability of rolled-crimped cover crop mulches as a lower energy input alternative to existing organic corn systems that rely solely on intensive tillage for weed management. C1 [Wells, M. Scott] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reberg-Horton, S. Chris] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mirsky, Steven B.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Iab, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mirsky, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Iab, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM steven.mirsky@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 36 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.2134/agronj2014.0524 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200016 ER PT J AU Ma, LW Ahuja, LR Trout, TJ Nolan, BT Malone, RW AF Ma, Liwang Ahuja, Lajpat R. Trout, Thomas J. Nolan, Bernard T. Malone, Robert W. TI Simulating Maize Yield and Biomass with Spatial Variability of Soil Field Capacity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; RZWQM2 MODEL; CROP MODELS; INPUT DATA; CORN; UNCERTAINTY; VALIDATION AB Spatial variability in field soil properties is a challenge for system modelers who use single representative values, such as means, for model inputs, rather than their distributions. In this study, the root zone water quality model (RZWQM2) was first calibrated for 4 yr of maize (Zea mays L.) data at six irrigation levels in northern Colorado and then used to study spatial variability of soil field capacity (FC) estimated in 96 plots on maize yield and biomass. The best results were obtained when the crop parameters were fitted along with FCs, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 354 kg ha(-1) for yield and 1202 kg ha(-1) for biomass. When running the model using each of the 96 sets of field-estimated FC values, instead of calibrating FCs, the average simulated yield and biomass from the 96 runs were close to measured values with a RMSE of 376 kg ha(-1) for yield and 1504 kg ha(-1) for biomass. When an average of the 96 FC values for each soil layer was used, simulated yield and biomass were also acceptable with a RMSE of 438 kg ha(-1) for yield and 1627 kg ha(-1) for biomass. Therefore, when there are large numbers of FC measurements, an average value might be sufficient for model inputs. However, when the ranges of FC measurements were known for each soil layer, a sampled distribution of FCs using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) might be used for model inputs. C1 [Ma, Liwang; Ahuja, Lajpat R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Malone, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ma, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0206 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200017 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC Lyon, DJ Higgins, RK Hergert, GW Holman, JD Vigil, MF AF Nielsen, David C. Lyon, Drew J. Higgins, Robert K. Hergert, Gary W. Holman, Johnathon D. Vigil, Merle F. TI Cover Crop Effect on Subsequent Wheat Yield in the Central Great Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER AVAILABILITY; LENTIL GREEN-MANURE; WINTER-WHEAT; FALLOW REPLACEMENT; REPLACING FALLOW; SEMIARID MONTANA; MANAGEMENT; SUNFLOWER; CORN; PEA AB Crop production systems in the water-limited environment of the semiarid central Great Plains may not have potential to profitably use cover crops because of lowered subsequent wheat (Triticum asestivum L.) yields following the cover crop. Mixtures have reportedly shown less yield-reducing effects on subsequent crops than single-species plantings. This study was conducted to determine winter wheat yields following both mixtures and single-species plantings of spring-planted cover crops. The study was conducted at Akron, CO, and Sidney, NE, during the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 wheat growing seasons under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. Precipitation storage efficiency before wheat planting, wheat water use, biomass, and yield were measured and water use efficiency and harvest index were calculated for wheat following four single-species cover crops (flax [Linum usitatissimum L.], oat [Avena sativa L.], pea [Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L. Poir], rapeseed [Brassica napus L.]), a 10-species mixture, and a fallow treatment with proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) residue. There was an average 10% reduction in wheat yield following a cover crop compared with following fallow, regardless of whether the cover crop was grown in a mixture or in a single-species planting. Yield reductions were greater under drier conditions. The slope of the wheat water use-yield relationship was not significantly different for wheat following the mixture (11.80 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)) than for wheat following single-species plantings (12.32-13.57 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)). The greater expense associated with a cover crop mixture compared with a single species is not justified. C1 [Nielsen, David C.; Vigil, Merle F.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Lyon, Drew J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 169 Johnson Hall,POB 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Higgins, Robert K.] Univ Nebraska, High Plains Ag Lab, 3257 Rd 109, Sidney, NE 69162 USA. [Hergert, Gary W.] Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, 4502 Ave 1, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Holman, Johnathon D.] Southwest Res & Extens Ctr, 4500 East Mary St, Garden City, KS 67846 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM david.nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 19 U2 70 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 243 EP 256 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0372 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200023 ER PT J AU Piaskowski, JL Brown, D Campbell, KG AF Piaskowski, Julia L. Brown, David Campbell, Kimberly Garland TI Near-Infrared Calibration of Soluble Stem Carbohydrates for Predicting Drought Tolerance in Spring Wheat SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; GRAIN-GROWTH; NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE; VARIABLE SELECTION; GENOMIC SELECTION; RIDGE-REGRESSION; PLS-REGRESSION; WATER-STRESS; YIELD AB Soluble stem carbohydrates are a component of drought response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other grasses. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) can rapidly assay for soluble carbohydrates indirectly, but this requires a statistical model for calibration. The objectives of this study were: (i) to build a robust calibration between the NIR spectra and soluble carbohydrate concentration of ground wheat stems; and (ii) to determine whether soluble stem carbohydrates are correlated with yield rankings of drought-stricken wheat grown in the northwestern United States. Five spring wheat cultivars were grown in field trials conducted at six environments in the state of Washington varying in annual precipitation from 212 to 474 mm. Wheat stems were harvested from all plots at the onset of grain fill and assayed for NIR reflectance. Soluble stem carbohydrates were determined on a subset of the samples. The NIR data were calibrated to soluble stem carbohydrates using multiple linear regression, partial least squares regression, ridge regression with best linear unbiased prediction, random forest, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso), elastic net, and Bayesian lasso regression. Partial least squares regression provided the most accurate and reliable predictions for soluble carbohydrates. Correlations between soluble stem carbohydrates and grain yield were consistent across environments (r = 0.904 and rho = 0.80). The effect of environment on the variation in response variables was lower for soluble carbohydrates than yield (5.93 and 71.7%, respectively) across environments. These data provide evidence that stem carbohydrates can aid in selecting cultivars with enhanced drought resilience. C1 [Piaskowski, Julia L.; Brown, David] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Campbell, Kimberly Garland] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Piaskowski, JL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jpiaskowski@wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS [5348-21220-003-00D]; Washington Grains Commission [6451]; WSU Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources BioAg Project [110817-001] FX We gratefully acknowledge the help of Erin Getzin in performing the laboratory measurements, Lesley Murphy for her work refining the anthrone assay protocol, and Ross Bricklemeyer for equipment and software training. This work was conducted with support from the following: USDA-ARS in-house Project 5348-21220-003-00D; Washington Grains Commission Project 6451; and WSU Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources BioAg Project 110817-001. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0173 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200027 ER PT J AU Landry, EJ Coyne, CJ McGee, RJ Hu, JG AF Landry, Erik J. Coyne, Clarice J. McGee, Rebecca J. Hu, Jinguo TI Adaptation of Autumn-Sown Faba Bean Germplasm to Southeastern Washington SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN-TYPE ENVIRONMENTS; VICIA-FABA; WINTER-HARDINESS; NORTHERN GERMANY; SOWING DATES; SEED RATES; YIELD; L.; RESISTANCE; SELECTION AB Information regarding the suitability of autumn-sown faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in southeastern Washington is lacking. Therefore, a variety trial testing the effects of two sowing dates was conducted for two seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013) at three locations: Central Ferry Research Farm (CF), Pomeroy, WA; Spillman Agronomy Farm (SF), Pullman, WA; Whitlow Farm (WF), Pullman, WA, with 20 northern European breeding lines, or cultivars, and U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Plant Germplasm System (USDA-ARS NPGS) sourced germplasm accessions with predetermined winter-hardiness. Winter-hardiness and yield varied depending on location, timing of sowing, and genotype effects. Survival was greatest at CF where the extreme low air temperature was -6 degrees C, yet multiple entries tolerated an extreme low of -14 degrees C in Pullman. In both years, the second sowing at the CF location improved survival, whereas the first sowing was only beneficial at the Pullman locations when seedlings were established before the first hard frost. Providing a longer establishment and cold acclimation period was expected to optimize hardiness and yield potential. However, achieving two to three nodes before the first hard frost was difficult at dryland managed SF and WF locations where soil moisture was limiting. Across entries and site-years, the mean survival was 65% with a yield of 2800 kg ha(-1). To realize the potential of autumn-sown faba bean in southeastern Washington, genotypes with earlier maturity than the northern European materials tested herein will be needed. C1 [Landry, Erik J.; Coyne, Clarice J.; Hu, Jinguo] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Landry, Erik J.; Coyne, Clarice J.; McGee, Rebecca J.; Hu, Jinguo] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McGee, Rebecca J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet Physiol Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hu, JG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.; Hu, JG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Jinguo.hu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5348-21000-026-00D]; NIFA MultiState Project [W006]; ARCS Foundation FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5348-21000-026-00D and NIFA MultiState Project W006 to Jinguo Hu and Scholarship from the ARCS Foundation to Erik Landry. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance with planting and plot maintenance by Jarrod Pfaff, Sean Vail, and Wayne Olson. We would also like to thank Lisa Taylor for technical assistance. Mention of trademarks, proprietary products, or vendors does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of products by USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. All programs and services of the USDA are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis, without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, marital status, or handicap. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0028 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200029 ER PT J AU Werle, R Jhala, AJ Yerka, MK Dille, JA Lindquist, JL AF Werle, Rodrigo Jhala, Amit J. Yerka, Melinda K. Dille, J. Anita Lindquist, John L. TI Distribution of Herbicide-Resistant Shattercane and Johnsongrass Populations in Sorghum Production Areas of Nebraska and Northern Kansas SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDES; ECOLOGICAL FITNESS; BICOLOR; GROWTH; HYBRIDIZATION; GLYPHOSATE; BIOTYPES; HYBRIDS; SEED AB Overreliance on acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides for weed control during the 1990s resulted in selection of ALS-resistant shattercane [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse] biotypes in Nebraska. The objective of this study was to assess the baseline presence of ALS-resistance in 190 shattercane and 59 johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] populations collected across northern Kansas, northwestern Missouri, and southern Nebraska in 2013. In 2014, a preliminary field experiment was conducted to evaluate the presence of herbicide resistance in the aforementioned populations. Treatments consisted of four herbicides (clethodim {2-[1-[[(E)-3-chloroprop-2-enoxy]amino]propylidene]-5-(2-ethylsulfanylpropyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione}, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine], imazethapyr [5-ethyl-2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid], and nicosulfuron {2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide}) applied at labeled rates. Clethodim and glyphosate controlled all shattercane and johnsongrass populations evaluated. Putative imazethapyr and nicosulfuron (ALS-inhibiting herbicides) resistant populations were further exposed to a dose-response study under greenhouse conditions. Five shattercane and five johnsongrass populations were confirmed resistant to imazethapyr. Four shattercane and three johnsongrass populations were confirmed resistant to nicosulfuron. All ALS-resistant shattercane and johnsongrass populations were collected in Nebraska except for one johnsongrass population, resistant to nicosulfuron, that was collected in Kansas. Acetolactate synthase-resistance persists, even though ALS-inhibitors have not been widely used to control shattercane and johnsongrass for more than 15 yr, indicating the lack of a strong fitness cost associated with ALS-resistance. Therefore, shattercane and johnsongrass should be properly managed before and during the commercialization of ALS-tolerant grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor] (expected in 2017), especially in regions where ALS-resistance has been confirmed. C1 [Werle, Rodrigo; Jhala, Amit J.; Lindquist, John L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, 279 PLSH, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Yerka, Melinda K.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 137 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Dille, J. Anita] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, 3701 Throckmorton Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Lindquist, JL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, 279 PLSH, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jlindquist1@unl.edu OI Jhala, Amit/0000-0001-8599-4996 FU United Sorghum Checkoff Program [USCP: CI008-13, CI009-15s] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Lowell Sandell, Dr. Greg Kruger, and Irvin Schleufer from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for their assistance with the seed collection. David Saunders, Kenneth Carlson, and Jeffrey Krumm with DuPont provided valuable technical support to this research. Thanks to Darren Binder, Bret Raush, Roberto Martins and all the undergraduate students that assisted with the laboratory, field, and greenhouse activities during this research. Thanks to Dr. Sharon Clay for the invitation to publish this manuscript as part of the "Use of Gem Flow Information in an Environmental Risk Assessment of Biotechnology Derived Crops' symposium and the journal reviewers for improvements to the manuscript. This project was funded by the United Sorghum Checkoff Program (USCP: CI008-13 and CI009-15s). NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0217 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200032 ER PT J AU Wortmann, CS Shapiro, CA Schmer, MR AF Wortmann, Charles S. Shapiro, Charles A. Schmer, Marty R. TI Residue Harvest Effects on Irrigated, No-Till Corn Yield and Nitrogen Response SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL CARBON; MANAGEMENT; REMOVAL; STOVER; NEBRASKA; ENERGY; GRAIN; CROP AB Crop residue harvest occurs on about 40% of Nebraska's 3,700,000 ha of corn (Zea mays L.) land, primarily for feeding of beef cattle. Immobilization of applied N is expected to be less with residue harvest due to reduced microbial activity for digestion of high C/N ratio organic material. Residue reduction may affect subsequent crop yield and response to applied N. Field research was conducted at three locations over 2 yr in eastern Nebraska for irrigated, no-till corn following corn to determine residue harvest effects on yield and the economically optimal nitrogen rate (EONR). Study sites had deep silt loam or silty clay loam soil with good water infiltration and plant-available water holding capacity. Mean aboveground biomass N content, applied N recovery efficiency, and grain yield were 22, 43, and 20% higher with >75% residue removal compared with no residue removal. Agronomic efficiency of applied N use was not consistently affected. The residue removal effects were oft en greater in the third compared with second year of continuous corn. The residue removal effect on EONR was not consistent over site-years, and the mean reduction in EONR with residue removal was between 10 and 20 kg ha(-1). While removal of some corn residue is expected to result in higher yield of the following corn crop, reduction in applied N need cannot be well predicted before planting. C1 [Wortmann, Charles S.; Shapiro, Charles A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Schmer, Marty R.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wortmann, CS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM cwortmann2@unl.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 384 EP 390 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0361 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200039 ER PT J AU Mateus, GP Crusciol, CAC Pariz, CM Borghi, E Costa, C Martello, JM Franzluebbers, AJ Castilhos, AM AF Mateus, G. P. Crusciol, C. A. C. Pariz, C. M. Borghi, E. Costa, C. Martello, J. M. Franzluebbers, A. J. Castilhos, A. M. TI Sidedress Nitrogen Application Rates to Sorghum lntercropped with Tropical Perennial Grasses SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION SYSTEM; LAND-USE EFFICIENCY; NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM; GRAIN-YIELD; INTERCROPPING TIME; SOYBEAN CULTIVARS; FORAGE PRODUCTION; PALISADE GRASS; COVER CROPS; CORN AB Intercropping sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] with tropical perennial grasses and using the appropriate rate of sidedress N application can maximize grain yield (GY) and revenue and can improve land-use efficiency (LUE). The effects of monocropped sorghum (MS) or sorghum intercropped with palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; SPG) or guineagrass (Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa; SGG) and sidedress N application rates of 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha(-1) on leaf nutrient concentration, sorghum GY, revenue, and LUE were investigated during three growing seasons at Botucatu, SP, Brazil, on a clay, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Haplorthox. The SGG treatment had lower leaf N, P, and K concentrations and lower 1000-grain weight, shoot dry matter, and GY than MS and SPG at all sidedress N rates; MS and SPG at 200 kg ha-1 of sidedress N resulted in greater sorghum GYs (3.80 and 3.81 Mg ha-1, respectively). The forage dry matter production (FDMP) and crude protein of tropical perennial grasses were higher as a function of the sidedress N rate. The SGG treatment resulted in negative net profits for all sidedress N rates. The MS and SPG treatments (independent of sidedress N rates) resulted in similar net profits (approximately US$85 and 560 ha(-1), respectively). The SPG treatment using 200 kg ha-1 of sidedress N resulted in a higher land equivalent ratio and relative N yield (1.27 and 123%, respectively) than SGG (0.96 and 107%, respectively). The SPG treatment with 200 kg ha(-1) of sidedress N is the best option for increasing sorghum GY, revenue, and FDMP from autumn to part of the spring and for improving LUE. C1 [Mateus, G. P.] Sao Paulo Agcy Agribusiness Technol APTA, Andradina, SP, Brazil. [Crusciol, C. A. C.; Martello, J. M.] UNESP, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Pariz, C. M.; Costa, C.; Castilhos, A. M.] UNESP, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Nutr & Breeding, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Borghi, E.] UNESP, Coll Agr Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Borghi, E.] Brazilian Agr Res Corp EM BRA PA, Corn & Sorghum Res Ctr, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. [Franzluebbers, A. J.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, 3218 Williams Hall,Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Crusciol, CAC (reprint author), UNESP, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. EM crusciol@fca.unesp.br RI Magalhaes Pariz, Cristiano/C-3154-2012; Costa, Ciniro/C-6487-2012 FU Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2003/09914-3, 2003/01969-3]; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ) FX We would like to thank the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for financial support (Registry no. 2003/09914-3 and 2003/01969-3) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ) for an award for excellence in research to C.A.C. Crusciol and C. Costa. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 433 EP 447 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0236 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200045 ER PT J AU Siegel, RB Tingley, MW Wilkerson, RL Howell, CA Johnson, M Pyle, P AF Siegel, Rodney B. Tingley, Morgan W. Wilkerson, Robert L. Howell, Christine A. Johnson, Matthew Pyle, Peter TI Age structure of Black-backed Woodpecker populations in burned forests SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Black-backed Woodpecker; Picoides arcticus; natal dispersal; breeding dispersal; population age structure; molt ID NORTH-AMERICAN BIRDS; HOME-RANGE SIZE; BREEDING DISPERSAL; SITE FIDELITY; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; LONGEVITY RECORDS; SIERRA-NEVADA; PHILOPATRY; COMMUNITIES AB Population age structure is important for understanding population dynamics, but can be difficult to resolve in landbirds due to the limited number of age classes discernible by examining plumage. In forests of western North America, Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides articus) typically colonize burned areas shortly after fire, but densities decline within 6-10 yr. This pattern is often assumed to result from adult Black-backed Woodpeckers abandoning territories when food resources wane, yet long-distance breeding dispersal is relatively rare in birds, whereas longdistance natal dispersal is more common. To determine whether colonization of newly burned areas is driven primarily by breeding dispersal of adults or natal dispersal by young birds, we captured 57 adult Black-backed Woodpeckers in 6 burned areas in California between 1 and 8 yr after fire. We used patterns of multiple feather generations retained among primary coverts, secondaries, and secondary coverts to assign birds to 1 of 5 age classes (second-, third-, and fourth-calendar-year; after-third-calendar-year; and after-fourth-calendar-year). Population age structure varied dramatically across burned areas, with a preponderance of second-calendar-year birds in the 1 yr and 2 yr postfire areas, and a preponderance of birds at least 3 yr old in the older postfire areas. Poisson generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) revealed that the effect of years since fire on woodpecker age was highly significant (z = 3.575, P < 0.001). Our results indicate that natal dispersal is the primary means by which Black-backed Woodpeckers colonize recently burned areas in western forests, and that breeding dispersal is uncommon. The decline of Black-backed Woodpecker populations 6-10 yr after fire likely reflects the lifespan of individual birds that colonized the burned area, or of offspring that they produced in the early postfire years. Our discrimination of Black-backed Woodpeckers into 5 age classes confirms previous suppositions about plumage-based age determination in woodpeckers, and is likely applicable to other woodpecker species. C1 [Siegel, Rodney B.; Wilkerson, Robert L.; Pyle, Peter] Inst Bird Populat, Point Reyes Stn, CA USA. [Tingley, Morgan W.] Univ Connecticut, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT USA. [Howell, Christine A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA USA. [Johnson, Matthew] US Forest Serv, USDA, Plumas Natl Forest, Quincy, CA USA. RP Siegel, RB (reprint author), Inst Bird Populat, Point Reyes Stn, CA USA. EM rsiegel@birdpop.org OI Tingley, Morgan/0000-0002-1477-2218 FU Pacific Southwest Region of the USDA Forest Service; Plumas National Forest FX This project was funded by the Pacific Southwest Region of the USDA Forest Service and by Plumas National Forest. Neither of the funders required approval of the final manuscript prior to submission or publication. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 18 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2016 VL 133 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1642/AUK-15-137.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DE1WT UT WOS:000370417900007 ER PT J AU Mallon, JM Bildstein, KL Katzner, TE AF Mallon, Julie M. Bildstein, Keith L. Katzner, Todd E. TI In-flight turbulence benefits soaring birds SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Cathartes aura; contorted soaring; Coragyps atratus; flight behavior; turbulence; updraft ID TURKEY VULTURES; CORAGYPS-ATRATUS; CATHARTES-AURA; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; BLACK; SIMULATIONS; FOREST AB Birds use atmospheric updrafts to subsidize soaring flight. We observed highly variable soaring flight by Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) and Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) in Virginia, USA, that was inconsistent with published descriptions of terrestrial avian flight. Birds engaging in this behavior regularly deviated vertically and horizontally from linear flight paths. We observed the soaring flight behavior of these 2 species to understand why they soar in this manner and when this behavior occurs. Vultures used this type of soaring mainly at low altitudes (< 50 m), along forest edges, and when conditions were poor for thermal development. Because of the tortuous nature of this flight, we describe it as "contorted soaring.'' The primary air movement suitable to subsidize flight at this altitude and under these atmospheric conditions is small-scale, shear-induced turbulence, which our results suggest can be an important resource for soaring birds because it permits continuous subsidized flight when other types of updraft are not available. C1 [Mallon, Julie M.; Katzner, Todd E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bildstein, Keith L.] Hawk Mt Sanctuary, Acopian Ctr Conservat Learning, Orwigsburg, PA USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Mallon, Julie M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mallon, JM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.; Mallon, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jmmallon@umd.edu OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU Hawk Mountain Sanctuary; Burket-Plack Foundation FX This research was supported by funding from Hawk Mountain Sanctuary and the Burket-Plack Foundation. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2016 VL 133 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1642/AUK-15-114.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DE1WT UT WOS:000370417900008 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE Ortega, YK Eren, O Hierro, JL AF Pearson, Dean E. Ortega, Yvette K. Eren, Ozkan Hierro, Jose L. TI Quantifying "apparent" impact and distinguishing impact from invasiveness in multispecies plant invasions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; Centaurea stoebe; invader impact; invasion thresholds; invasional meltdown; invasiveness; Montana; USA; noxious weed lists; weed impact rankings ID BROMUS-TECTORUM L; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; COMMUNITIES; MELTDOWN; ESTABLISHMENT; COMPETITION; ECOSYSTEMS; HYPOTHESIS; DOMINANCE AB The quantification of invader impacts remains a major hurdle to understanding and managing invasions. Here, we demonstrate a method for quantifying the community-level impact of multiple plant invaders by applying Parker et al.'s (1999) equation (impact = range x local abundance x per capita effect or per unit effect) using data from 620 survey plots from 31 grasslands across west-central Montana, USA. In testing for interactive effects of multiple invaders on native plant abundance (percent cover), we found no evidence for invasional meltdown or synergistic interactions for the 25 exotics tested. While much concern exists regarding impact thresholds, we also found little evidence for nonlinear relationships between invader abundance and impacts. These results suggest that management actions that reduce invader abundance should reduce invader impacts monotonically in this system. Eleven of 25 invaders had significant per unit impacts (negative local-scale relationships between invader and native cover). In decomposing the components of impact, we found that local invader abundance had a significant influence on the likelihood of impact, but range (number of plots occupied) did not. This analysis helped to differentiate measures of invasiveness (local abundance and range) from impact to distinguish high-impact invaders from invaders that exhibit negligible impacts, even when widespread. Distinguishing between high-and low-impact invaders should help refine trait-based prediction of problem species. Despite the unique information derived from evaluation of per unit effects of invaders, invasiveness scores based on range and local abundance produced similar rankings to impact scores that incorporated estimates of per unit effects. Hence, information on range and local abundance alone was sufficient to identify problematic plant invaders at the regional scale. In comparing empirical data on invader impacts to the state noxious weed list, we found that the noxious weed list captured 45% of the high-impact invaders but missed 55% and assigned the lowest risk category to the highest-impact invader. While such subjective weed lists help to guide invasive species management, empirical data are needed to develop more comprehensive rankings of ecological impacts. Using weed lists to classify invaders for testing invasion theory is not well supported. C1 [Pearson, Dean E.; Ortega, Yvette K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 800 East Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Pearson, Dean E.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Eren, Ozkan] Adnan Menderes Univ, Fen Edebiyat Fak, Biyol Bolumu, TR-09100 Aydin, Turkey. [Hierro, Jose L.] Univ Nacl La Pampa, INCITAP CONICET UNLPam, Ave Uruguay 151, RA-6300 Santa Rosa, Argentina. [Hierro, Jose L.] Univ Nacl La Pampa, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Ave Uruguay 151, RA-6300 Santa Rosa, Argentina. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 800 East Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.; Pearson, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM dpearson@fs.fed.us FU Montana Noxious Weed Trust Fund; President's Early Career Award for Science and Engineering FX We thank B. Maxwell and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this work. This research was made possible by the Bureau of Land Management, the Bitterroot and Lolo National Forests, the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, and the Salish and Kootenai Confederated Tribes providing access to conduct surveys. We are grateful to J. Birdsall, C. Casper, L. Glasgow, E. Masin, A. Pons, and J. Smith for their dedicated work in the field and to C. Brandt, P. Lesica, and P. Stickney for plant identification. Funding was provided by the Montana Noxious Weed Trust Fund to D. E. Pearson and Y. K. Ortega, and by the President's Early Career Award for Science and Engineering to D. E. Pearson. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 BP 162 EP 173 DI 10.1890/14-2345 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8ZY UT WOS:000369511000014 PM 27039517 ER PT J AU Goncalves, VN Cantrell, CL Wedge, DE Ferreira, MC Soares, MA Jacob, MR Oliveira, FS Galante, D Rodrigues, F Alves, TMA Zani, CL Junior, PAS Murta, S Romanha, AJ Barbosa, EC Kroon, EG Oliveira, JG Gomez-Silva, B Galetovic, A Rosa, CA Rosa, LH AF Goncalves, Vivian N. Cantrell, Charles L. Wedge, David E. Ferreira, Mariana C. Soares, Marco Aurelio Jacob, Melissa R. Oliveira, Fabio S. Galante, Douglas Rodrigues, Fabio Alves, Tania M. A. Zani, Carlos L. Junior, Policarpo A. S. Murta, Silvane Romanha, Alvaro J. Barbosa, Emerson C. Kroon, Erna G. Oliveira, Jaquelline G. Gomez-Silva, Benito Galetovic, Alexandra Rosa, Carlos A. Rosa, Luiz H. TI Fungi associated with rocks of the Atacama Desert: taxonomy, distribution, diversity, ecology and bioprospection for bioactive compounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-RESISTANT; BLACK FUNGI; IN-VITRO; COMMUNITIES; NEOSARTORYA; PHYLOGENY; CHILE; ANTARCTICA; MACROALGAE; AMERICA AB This study assessed the diversity of cultivable rock-associated fungi from Atacama Desert. A total of 81 fungal isolates obtained were identified as 29 Ascomycota taxa by sequencing different regions of DNA. Cladosporium halotolerans, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium cf. citrinum were the most frequent species, which occur at least in four different altitudes. The diversity and similarity indices ranged in the fungal communities across the latitudinal gradient. The Fisher-a index displayed the higher values for the fungal communities obtained from the siltstone and fine matrix of pyroclastic rocks with finer grain size, which are more degraded. A total of 23 fungal extracts displayed activity against the different targets screened. The extract of P. chrysogenum afforded the compounds a-linolenic acid and ergosterol endoperoxide, which were active against Cryptococcus neoformans and methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Our study represents the first report of a new habitat of fungi associated with rocks of the Atacama Desert and indicated the presence of interesting fungal community, including species related with saprobes, parasite/pathogen and mycotoxigenic taxa. The geological characteristics of the rocks, associated with the presence of rich resident/resilient fungal communities suggests that the rocks may provide a favourable microenvironment fungal colonization, survival and dispersal in extreme conditions. C1 [Goncalves, Vivian N.; Ferreira, Mariana C.; Soares, Marco Aurelio; Kroon, Erna G.; Rosa, Carlos A.; Rosa, Luiz H.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Microbiol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Oliveira, Fabio S.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Geog, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Cantrell, Charles L.; Wedge, David E.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Oxford, MS USA. [Jacob, Melissa R.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Oxford, MS USA. [Galante, Douglas] Ctr Nacl Pesquisa Energia & Mat, Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Rodrigues, Fabio] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Alves, Tania M. A.; Zani, Carlos L.; Junior, Policarpo A. S.; Murta, Silvane; Romanha, Alvaro J.; Barbosa, Emerson C.; Oliveira, Jaquelline G.] FIOCRUZ MG, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Romanha, Alvaro J.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitolo, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Gomez-Silva, Benito; Galetovic, Alexandra] Univ Antofagasta, Biomed Dept, Antofagasta, Chile. [Gomez-Silva, Benito; Galetovic, Alexandra] Univ Antofagasta, Ctr Biotechnol & Bioengn CeBiB, Antofagasta, Chile. RP Rosa, LH (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Microbiol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM lhrosa@icb.ufmg.br RI Zani, Carlos/A-9658-2008; Galante, Douglas/G-8752-2011 OI Zani, Carlos/0000-0003-1859-177X; Galante, Douglas/0000-0002-3265-2527 FU CNPq [Universal 471721/2013-1]; CNPq (INCT Criosfera); CNPq PROANTAR [407230/2013-0]; FAPEMIG [0050-13]; Fapesp [2012/18936-0]; CAPES [23038.003478/2013-92]; FINEP [2084/07]; PDTIS FIOCRUZ; NIH, NIAID, Division of AIDS [AI 27094]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-6408-1-603]; CODEI [5394]; CeBiB [FB0001] FX We acknowledge the financial support from CNPq (Universal 471721/2013-1 and INCT Criosfera), CNPq PROANTAR 407230/2013-0, FAPEMIG (0050-13), Fapesp 2012/18936-0, CAPES (23038.003478/2013-92), FINEP (2084/07), PDTIS FIOCRUZ, NIH, NIAID, Division of AIDS Grant No. AI 27094 and the USDA Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6408-1-603. Dr. B. Gomez-Silva and Dr. A. Galetovic were supported by CODEI 5394 and CeBiB FB0001. There is no conflict of interest among the authors. The authors thank Mr. Solomon Green III, Ms. J.L. Robertson, Mrs. R. Pace, Mrs. Amber Reichley and Ms. Marsha Wright for technical assistance. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 18 IS 1 BP 232 EP 245 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.13005 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DE5LN UT WOS:000370672600019 PM 26235221 ER PT J AU Bufacchi, P Krieger, GC Mell, W Alvarado, E Santos, JC Carvalho, JA AF Bufacchi, Paulo Krieger, Guenther C. Mell, William Alvarado, Ernesto Santos, Jose Carlos Carvalho, Joao Andrade, Jr. TI Numerical simulation of surface forest fire in Brazilian Amazon SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Surface fire; Numerical simulation; Turbulent combustion; Brazilian Amazon; Rate of spread ID MEDITERRANEAN SHRUB; WILDLAND FIRE; SPREAD; MODEL; RADIATION; TEMPERATURE; PROPAGATION; WILDFIRE; FUELS; WIND AB This paper investigates fire spread through surface fuels of the Brazilian Amazon by using a three-dimensional, fully transient, physics-based computer simulation approach. Computer simulations are obtained through the solution to governing equations of fluid dynamics, combustion, heat transfer and thermal degradation of the vegetative fuel. Surface fuel fires composed mostly of dead leaves and twigs were numerically simulated and the calculated rate of spread was compared to findings from field observations. The importance of air humidity, vegetation temperature, moisture content, surface to volume ratio and bulk density was evaluated through the variation of each one individually in numerical simulation runs. Conclusions show that in the range of parameter variation considered, the most important parameters are the vegetation moisture, surface area to volume ratio, and bulk density. The vegetation initial temperature and air humidity, in the range of variation studied, did not influence the fire rate of spread. The numerical simulations also showed that the radiation process is very important and directly affects the fire rate of spread. Convection is less important because of the absence of external wind. The model is able to capture the main effects of a surface forest fire typical of the Amazon, and can be used as a numerical tool for studying such fires. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bufacchi, Paulo; Krieger, Guenther C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Politecn, Dept Mech Engn, Cidade Univ, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Mell, William] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Alvarado, Ernesto] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Santos, Jose Carlos] INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. [Carvalho, Joao Andrade, Jr.] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil. RP Bufacchi, P (reprint author), Rua Dr Thirso Martins 200-62, BR-04120050 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. EM paulo_bufacchi@hotmail.com RI Krieger Filho, Guenther/A-1669-2013 FU Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2008/04490-4, 2011/20679-2] FX Partial funding for this work was received under Grant # 2008/04490-4 and 2011/20679-2, Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 79 BP 44 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.11.014 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DE2KL UT WOS:000370456100005 ER PT J AU Huang, HT Kim, SB Tsang, L Xu, XL Liao, TH Jackson, TJ Yueh, SH AF Huang, Huanting Kim, Seung-Bum Tsang, Leung Xu, Xiaolan Liao, Tien-Hao Jackson, Thomas J. Yueh, Simon H. TI Coherent Model of L-Band Radar Scattering by Soybean Plants: Model Development, Evaluation, and Retrieval SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Analytical method; coherent model; data-cube; mutual exclusion; soil moisture retrieval; soybean ID SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; VEGETATION; BACKSCATTERING; CANOPY; INVERSION; SURFACES; LAYER AB An improved coherent branching model for L-band radar remote sensing of soybean is proposed by taking into account the correlated scattering among scatterers. The novel feature of the analytical coherent model consists of conditional probability functions to eliminate the overlapping effects of branches in the former branching models. Backscattering coefficients are considered for a variety of scenarios over the full growth cycle for vegetation water content (VWC) and the complete drydown conditions for soil moisture. The results of the coherent model show that HH scattering has a significant difference up to 3 dB from that of the independent scattering when VWC is low, e.g., 0.2 kg/m(2). Forward model calculations are performed for the scattering from the soybean field for the full range of three axes of root-mean-square (RMS) height of bare soil, VWC, and soil moisture using the coherent model. The soybean volume scattering including the double-bounce term is combined with the back scattering of bare soil from the numerical Maxwell solutions that incorporates RMS height, soil permittivity, and correlation length, to form the forward model lookup table for the vegetated soil. The results are compared with data from 13 soybean fields collected as part of the soil moisture active passive validation experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12). Time-series retrieval of soil moisture is also applied to the soybean fields by inverting the forward model lookup table. During the retrieval, the VWC is optimized with physical constraints obtained from ground measurements. The retrieval performances are significantly improved using the proposed coherent model: the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of the soil moisture retrieval is decreased from 0.09 to 0.05 cm(3)/cm(3) and the correlation coefficient is increased from 0.66 to 0.92. C1 [Huang, Huanting; Tsang, Leung; Liao, Tien-Hao] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Huang, Huanting; Tsang, Leung; Liao, Tien-Hao] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Kim, Seung-Bum; Xu, Xiaolan; Yueh, Simon H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Huang, HT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Huang, HT (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. FU NASA SMAP project FX The authors would like to thank NASA SMAP project to support the work and the measurement data provided by the SMAPVEX12 field campaign. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is an Equal Opportunity Employer. They would also like to thank the reviewers for numerous comments that helped significantly improve the paper. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 272 EP 284 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2469717 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DE3PE UT WOS:000370541400029 ER PT J AU Lohumi, S Lee, S Lee, H Kim, MS Lee, WH Cho, BK AF Lohumi, Santosh Lee, Sangdae Lee, Hoonsoo Kim, Moon S. Lee, Wang-Hee Cho, Byoung-Kwan TI Application of hyperspectral imaging for characterization of intramuscular fat distribution in beef SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beef; Intramuscular fat; Nondestructive evaluation; Hyperspectral imaging; Analysis of variance; Spectral similarity analysis ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; COMPONENT ANALYSIS; FOOD QUALITY; PART II; PORK; MEAT; VISUALIZATION; MOISTURE; IMAGERY; SAFETY AB In this study, a hyperspectral imaging system in the spectral region of 400-1000 nm was used for visualization and determination of intramuscular fat concentration in beef samples. Hyperspectral images were acquired for beef samples, and spectral information was then extracted from each single sample from the fat and non-fat regions. The intramuscular fat content was chemically extracted and quantified for the same samples. Chemometrics including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and spectral similarity measures involving spectral angle measure (SAM), and Euclidian distance measure (EDM) were then used to analyze the data. An ANOVA analysis indicates that the two selected spectral variables (e.g., 650.4-736.4 nm) are effective to generate ratio image for visualization of the intramuscular fat distribution in beef. The spectral similarity analysis methods, which is based on the quantifying the spectral similarities by using predetermined endmember spectrum vector, provided comparable results for characterization and detection of intramuscular fat in beef. In term of overall classification accuracy, spectral similarity measure methods outperformed the ratio image of selected bands based on the result of ANOVA analysis. The results demonstrate that proposed technique has a potential for fast and nondestructive determination of intramuscular fat in beef. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lohumi, Santosh; Lee, Hoonsoo; Lee, Wang-Hee; Cho, Byoung-Kwan] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Biosyst Machinery Engn, Coll Agr & Life Sci, 99 Daehak Ro, Daejeon 305764, South Korea. [Lee, Sangdae] Korea Inst Ind Technol, Convergence Components & Agr Machinery Applicat C, 119,Jipyeong Seonsandan 3 Gil, Gimje Si 576881, Jeollabuk Do, South Korea. [Kim, Moon S.] ARS, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Powder Mill Rd,Bldg 303,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cho, BK (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Biosyst Machinery Engn, Coll Agr & Life Sci, 99 Daehak Ro, Daejeon 305764, South Korea. EM santosh123@cnu.ac.kr; sdlee96@kitech.re.kr; Hoonsoolee83@gmail.com; moon.kim@ars.usda.gov; wanghee@cnu.ac.kr; chobk@cnu.ac.kr FU Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA); Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF); Rural Development Administration (RDA); Korea Forest Service (KFS), Republic of Korea; Golden Seed Project FX This research was supported by Golden Seed Project, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), Rural Development Administration (RDA) and Korea Forest Service (KFS), Republic of Korea. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 EI 1879-0275 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 74 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2015.11.004 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA DD7GL UT WOS:000370091600001 ER PT J AU Riar, MK Carley, DS Zhang, CX Schroeder-Moreno, MS Jordan, DL Webster, TM Rufty, TW AF Riar, Mandeep K. Carley, Danesha S. Zhang, Chenxi Schroeder-Moreno, Michelle S. Jordan, David L. Webster, Theodore M. Rufty, Thomas W. TI Environmental Influences on Growth and Reproduction of Invasive Commelina benghalensis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN QUEENSLAND; SEED-GERMINATION; BROADLEAF WEEDS; CRITICAL PERIOD; UNITED-STATES; GLYCINE-MAX; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; COTTON; PHOTOPERIOD AB Commelina benghalensis (Benghal dayflower) is a noxious weed that is invading agricultural systems in the southeastern United States. We investigated the influences of nutrition, light, and photoperiod on growth and reproductive output of C. benghalensis. In the first experimental series, plants were grown under high or low soil nutrition combined with either full light or simulated shade. Lowered nutrition strongly inhibited vegetative growth and aboveground spathe production. Similar but smaller effects were exerted by a 50% reduction in light, simulating conditions within a developing canopy. In the second series of experiments, C. benghalensis plants were exposed to different photoperiod conditions that produced short-and long-day plants growing in similar photosynthetic periods. A short-day photoperiod decreased time to flowering by several days and led to a 40 to 60% reduction in vegetative growth, but reproduction above and below ground was unchanged. Collectively, the results indicate that (1) fertility management in highly weathered soils may strongly constrain competitiveness of C. benghalensis; (2) shorter photoperiods will limit vegetative competitiveness later in the growing seasons of most crops; and (3) the high degree of reproductive plasticity and output possessed by C. benghalensis will likely cause continual persistence problems in agricultural fields. C1 [Riar, Mandeep K.; Carley, Danesha S.; Zhang, Chenxi; Schroeder-Moreno, Michelle S.; Jordan, David L.; Rufty, Thomas W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Jordan, DL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM david_jordan@ncsu.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU HINDAWI LTD PI LONDON PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FLR, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, WIT 5HE, ENGLAND SN 1687-8159 EI 1687-8167 J9 INT J AGRON JI Int. J. Agron. PY 2016 AR UNSP 5679249 DI 10.1155/2016/5679249 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE5XV UT WOS:000370707600001 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Burke, JM Chase, CC Coleman, SW AF Riley, D. G. Burke, J. M. Chase, C. C., Jr. Coleman, S. W. TI Heterosis and direct effects for Charolais-sired calf weight and growth, cow weight and weight change, and ratios of cow and calf weights and weight changes across warm season lactation in Romosinuano, Angus, and F-1 cows in Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Angus; cow weight; crossbreeding; gain; heterosis; maternal; Romosinuano ID RECIPROCAL-CROSS COWS; INFECTED TALL FESCUE; X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; GRAZING COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; DIFFERENT FORAGE SYSTEMS; BOS-TAURUS; MILK-YIELD; BEEF-CATTLE; MATERNAL HETEROSIS; PREWEANING TRAITS AB The use of Brahman in cow-calf production offers some adaptation to the harsh characteristics of endophyte-infected tall fescue. Criollo breeds, such as the Romosinuano, may have similar adaptation. The objectives were to estimate genetic effects in Romosinuano, Angus, and crossbred cows for their weights, weights of their calves, and ratios (calf weight: cow weight and cow weight change: calf weight gain) across lactation and to assess the influence of forage on traits and estimates. Cows (n = 91) were bred to Charolais bulls after their second parity. Calves (n = 214) were born from 2006 to 2009. Cows and calves were weighed in early (April and June), mid-(July), and late lactation (August and October). Animal was a random effect in analyses of calf data; sire was random in analyses of cow records and ratios. Fixed effects investigated included calf age, calf sex, cow age-year combinations, sire breed of cow, dam breed of cow, and interactions. Subsequent analyses evaluated the effect of forage grazed: endophyte-free or endophyte-infected tall fescue. Estimates of maternal heterosis for calf weight ranged from 9.3 +/- 4.3 to 15.4 +/- 5.7 kg from mid-lactation through weaning (P < 0.05). Romosinuano direct effects (of the cow) were -6.8 +/- 3.0 and -8.9 +/- 4.2 kg for weights recorded in April and June. Calf weights and weight gains from birth were greater (P < 0.05) for calves of cows grazing endophyte-free tall fescue except in mid-summer. Cow weight change from April to each time was negative for Angus cows and lower (P < 0.05) than other groups. Cows grazing endophyte-free tall fescue were heavier (P < 0.05) at all times but had more weight loss in late lactation. Angus cows had the lowest (P < 0.05) ratios (negative) of cow weight change: calf weight gain, indicating an energy-deficit condition. Cows grazing endophyte-free tall fescue had more negative (P < 0.05) values for this trait but not in early lactation (P < 0.05). Estimates of heterosis ranged from 12.8 +/- 9.5 to 28.6 +/- 9.4 kg for cow weight, 7.9 +/- 3.0 to 15.8 +/- 5.0 kg for cow weight change, and 0.07 +/- 0.03 to 0.27 +/- 0.1 for cow weight change: calf weight gain. Direct Romosinuano effects ranged from 14.8 +/- 4.2 to 49.8 +/- 7.7 kg for cow weight change and 0.2 +/- 0.04 to 0.51 +/- 0.14 for cow weight change: calf weight gain. The adaptive ability of Romosinuano in temperate fescue regions may be favorable with respect to relative cow and calf weight but may be a consequence of lower milk-producing ability. C1 [Riley, D. G.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Riley, D. G.] ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Burke, J. M.] Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Chase, C. C., Jr.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Coleman, S. W.] Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Riley, DG (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.; Riley, DG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM david-riley@tamu.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 94 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.2527/jas2015-9484 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA DE1GR UT WOS:000370375600001 PM 26812306 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Calderon-Diaz, JA Stalder, KJ Phillips, C Cushman, RA Miles, JR Rempel, LA Rohrer, GA Lents, CA Freking, BA Nonneman, DJ AF Vallet, J. L. Calderon-Diaz, J. A. Stalder, K. J. Phillips, C. Cushman, R. A. Miles, J. R. Rempel, L. A. Rohrer, G. A. Lents, C. A. Freking, B. A. Nonneman, D. J. TI Litter-of-origin trait effects on gilt development SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE follicle; growth; mammary; ovary; puberty; uterus ID BODY-COMPOSITION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DAIRY HEIFERS; PUBERTY; UTERINE; UTERUS; GROWTH; ENERGY; LENGTH; IMMUNOGLOBULIN AB The preweaning litter environment of gilts can affect subsequent development. In a recent experiment designed to test the effects of diet on gilt development, litter-of-origin traits including individual birth weights, immunocrits (a measure of colostrum intake), sow parity, number weaned, and individual weaning weights were collected for approximately 1,200 gilts that were progeny of approximately 300 sows. Subsequently, BW, LM area, and backfat were measured at 100 d of age and at 28-d intervals until slaughter (260 d of age). From 160 d of age to slaughter, gilts were observed daily for estrus. At slaughter, the reproductive tract and 1 mammary gland were recovered. The reproductive tract was classified as cyclic or prepubertal; the number of corpora lutea was counted. Uterine horn lengths and ovarian dimensions were measured. Uterus and ovary samples from every 10th gilt were prepared for histological evaluation of uterine gland development and follicle counts, respectively. Mammary gland tissue protein and fat were assayed. Day of the estrous cycle at slaughter was calculated using the first day of the most recent standing estrus (d 0) recorded previous to slaughter. Each gilt development trait was analyzed for association with each litter-of-origin trait, after adjusting for dietary treatment effects. Uterine length, ovarian dimensions, mammary gland protein and fat, and uterine gland development were also adjusted for day of the estrous cycle at slaughter. All litter-of-origin traits were associated (P < 0.05) with growth traits. Top-down (backward elimination) multiple regression analysis indicated that BW and LM accretion in gilts was positively associated with immunocrit (P < 0.01), birth weight (P < 0.01), preweaning growth rate (P < 0.01), and parity (P < 0.01). Backfat accretion was positively associated with preweaning growth rate (P < 0.01), number weaned (P < 0.05), and parity (P < 0.05). Age at puberty was associated with birth weight (positive; P < 0.01) and preweaning growth rate (negative; P < 0.01). Total uterine length was positively associated with only birth weights (P < 0.05). Mammary gland protein was negatively associated with preweaning growth (P < 0.01). Mammary gland fat was positively associated with birth weight and number of piglets weaned (P > 0.05). These results indicate that colostrum consumption, birth weights, preweaning growth rate, number weaned, and parity are associated with gilt development traits during later life. C1 [Vallet, J. L.; Cushman, R. A.; Miles, J. R.; Rempel, L. A.; Rohrer, G. A.; Lents, C. A.; Freking, B. A.; Nonneman, D. J.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Calderon-Diaz, J. A.; Stalder, K. J.] Iowa State Univ, Anim Sci, 109 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Phillips, C.] Murphy Brown LLC, Prod Res, Rose Hill, NC 28458 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Jeff.Vallet@ars.usda.gov OI Stalder, Kenneth/0000-0001-9540-681X NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 94 IS 1 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.2527/jas2015-9644 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA DE1GR UT WOS:000370375600011 PM 26812316 ER PT J AU Foote, AP Hales, KE Tait, RG Berry, ED Lents, CA Wells, JE Lindholm-Perry, AK Freetly, HC AF Foote, A. P. Hales, K. E. Tait, R. G., Jr. Berry, E. D. Lents, C. A. Wells, J. E. Lindholm-Perry, A. K. Freetly, H. C. TI Relationship of glucocorticoids and hematological measures with feed intake, growth, and efficiency of finishing beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feed efficiency; glucocorticoids; hematology; physiological markers ID STRESS; CHALLENGE; BEHAVIOR; CORTISOL; SHEEP AB The objective of this experiment was to determine the association of glucocorticoids and markers for immune status in finishing beef steers and heifers with DMI, growth, and efficiency. Steers (n = 127) and heifers (n = 109) were individually fed a finishing ration for 84 d with BW measured every 21 d. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture for metabolite (glucose and lactate) and cortisol analysis and rectal grab samples of feces were collected for corticosterone analysis on d 83 of the experiment. Plasma cortisol was not correlated to DMI (r = -0.08, P > 0.05) or fractional DMI (g DMI/kg BW; r = -0.03, P > 0.05) but was negatively correlated with ADG (r = -0.17, P < 0.01) and G:F (r = -0.20, P < 0.01) and positively correlated to residual feed intake (RFI; r = 0.14, P < 0.05). Fecal corticosterone was positively correlated to fractional DMI (r = 0.15, P < 0.05) and RFI (r = 0.23, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated to G:F (r = -0.18, P < 0.01). Using a mixed model analysis, none of the metabolites or hormones were associated with DMI (P > 0.05) but fecal corticosterone was positively associated with fractional DMI only in heifers (P = 0.04). Plasma lactate (P < 0.01) was and plasma cortisol (P < 0.10) tended to be negatively associated with ADG. Plasma cortisol (P < 0.05) and fecal corticosterone tended (P < 0.10) to be negatively associated with G:F. Fecal corticosterone was positively associated with RFI in heifers (P < 0.04). In a mixed model analysis, total leukocyte count was positively associated with ADG (P < 0.04) and tended to be positively associated with G:F (P < 0.06). Among leukocyte subtypes, neutrophil count was positively associated with ADG in steers (P < 0.02) and monocytes were positively associated with ADG in heifers (P < 0.03). Lymphocyte counts (LY) in steers were negatively associated with DMI (P = 0.03) and fractional DMI (P < 0.03). In heifers, LY tended to be positively associated with DMI (P < 0.09) and fractional DMI (P < 0.06). Lymphocyte count was also positively associated with ADG (P < 0.01) and G:F (P = 0.05) in heifers. The association of production traits with immune status seems to be different between steers and heifers. There was a stronger relationship of cortisol than fecal corticosterone to feed efficiency measures, suggesting that cortisol concentrations could be a better marker for feed efficiency traits than fecal corticosterone concentrations. C1 [Foote, A. P.; Hales, K. E.; Tait, R. G., Jr.; Berry, E. D.; Lents, C. A.; Wells, J. E.; Lindholm-Perry, A. K.; Freetly, H. C.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Foote, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Andrew.Foote@ars.usda.gov FU NIFA through the National Program for Genetic Improvement of Feed Efficiency in Beef Cattle [2011-68004-30214] FX This project was partially funded by NIFA grant 2011-68004-30214 through the National Program for Genetic Improvement of Feed Efficiency in Beef Cattle. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 94 IS 1 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.2527/jas2015-9407 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA DE1GR UT WOS:000370375600029 PM 26812334 ER PT J AU Myer, PR Wells, JE Smith, TPL Kuehn, LA Freetly, HC AF Myer, P. R. Wells, J. E. Smith, T. P. L. Kuehn, L. A. Freetly, H. C. TI Microbial community profiles of the jejunum from steers differing in feed efficiency SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 16S ribosomal RNA; feed efficiency; jejunum; operational taxonomic units ID BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; BEEF-CATTLE; DAIRY-COWS; GUT; RUMEN; BUTYRATE; UNIFRAC; GROWTH; DIET AB Research regarding the association between the microbial community and host feed efficiency in cattle has primarily focused on the rumen. However, the various microbial populations within the gastrointestinal tract as a whole are critical to the overall well-being of the host and need to be examined when determining the interplay between host and nonhost factors affecting feed efficiency. The objective of this study was to characterize the microbial communities of the jejunum among steers differing in feed efficiency. Within 2 contemporary groups of steers, individual ADFI and ADG were determined from animals fed the same diet. At the end of each feeding period, steers were ranked based on their standardized distance from the bivariate mean (ADG and ADFI). Four steers with the greatest deviation within each Cartesian quadrant were sampled (n = 16/group; 2 groups). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were sequenced from the jejunum content using next-generation sequencing technology. The phylum Firmicutes accounted for up to 90% of the populations within all samples and was dominated by the families Clostridiaceae and Ruminococcaceae. UniFrac principal coordinate analyses did not indicate any separation of microbial communities within the jejunum based on feed efficiency phenotype, and no significant changes were indicated by bacterial diversity or richness metrics. The relative abundances of microbial populations and operational taxonomic units did reveal significant differences between feed efficiency groups (P < 0.05), including the phylum Proteobacteria (P = 0.030); the families Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.035), Coriobacteriaceae (P = 0.012), and Sphingomonadaceae (P = 0.035); and the genera Butyrivibrio (P = 0.019), Acidaminococcus (P = 0.018), and Ammoniphilus (P = 0.022). The study identified jejunal microbial associations with feed efficiency, ADG, and ADFI. This study suggests the association of the jejunum microbial community as a factor influencing feed efficiency at the 16S level. C1 [Myer, P. R.; Wells, J. E.; Smith, T. P. L.; Kuehn, L. A.; Freetly, H. C.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Myer, P. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Harvey.Freetly@ars.usda.gov FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-68004-30214] FX This project is partially supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2011-68004-30214 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 94 IS 1 BP 327 EP 338 DI 10.2527/jas2015-9839 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA DE1GR UT WOS:000370375600033 PM 26812338 ER PT J AU McDermott, E Ryan, EJ Tosetto, M Gibson, D Burrage, J Keegan, D Byrne, K Crowe, E Sexton, G Malone, K Harris, RA Kellermayer, R Mill, J Cullen, G Doherty, GA Mulcahy, H Murphy, TM AF McDermott, Edel Ryan, Elizabeth J. Tosetto, Miriam Gibson, David Burrage, Joe Keegan, Denise Byrne, Kathryn Crowe, Eimear Sexton, Gillian Malone, Kevin Harris, R. Alan Kellermayer, Richard Mill, Jonathan Cullen, Garret Doherty, Glen A. Mulcahy, Hugh Murphy, Therese M. TI DNA Methylation Profiling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Provides New Insights into Disease Pathogenesis SO JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS LA English DT Article DE Epigenetics; inflammatory bowel disease; DNA methylation ID CROHNS-DISEASE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; DISCOVERY; ILLUMINA; ASSOCIATION; EPIGENETICS; MICROARRAYS; TRIM39R; SMOKING; PROTEIN AB Background and Aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are heterogeneous disorders with complex aetiology. Quantitative genetic studies suggest that only a small proportion of the disease variance observed in IBD is accounted for by genetic variation, indicating a potential role for differential epigenetic regulation in disease aetiology. The aim of this study was to assess genome-wide DNA methylation changes specifically associated with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD) and IBD activity. Methods: DNA methylation was quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 149 IBD cases (61 UC, 88 CD) and 39 controls using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Technical and functional validation was performed using pyrosequencing and the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cross-tissue replication of the top differentially methylated positions (DMPs) was tested in colonic mucosa tissue samples obtained from paediatric IBD cases and controls. Results: A total of 3196 probes were differentially methylated between CD cases and controls, while 1481 probes were differentially methylated between UC cases and controls. There was considerable (45%) overlap between UC and CD DMPs. The top-ranked IBD-associated PBMC differentially methylated region (promoter region of TRIM39-RPP2) was also significantly hypomethylated in colonic mucosa from paediatric UC patients. In addition, we confirmed TRAF6 hypermethylation using pyrosequencing and found reduced TRAF6 gene expression in PBMCs of IBD patients. Conclusions: Our data provide new insights into differential epigenetic regulation of genes and molecular pathways, which may contribute to the pathogenesis and activity of IBD. C1 [McDermott, Edel; Ryan, Elizabeth J.; Tosetto, Miriam; Gibson, David; Keegan, Denise; Byrne, Kathryn; Sexton, Gillian; Cullen, Garret; Doherty, Glen A.; Mulcahy, Hugh] St Vincents Univ Hosp, Ctr Colorectal Dis, Dublin 4, Ireland. [McDermott, Edel; Ryan, Elizabeth J.; Gibson, David; Crowe, Eimear; Malone, Kevin; Cullen, Garret; Doherty, Glen A.; Mulcahy, Hugh] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Med & Med Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Burrage, Joe; Mill, Jonathan; Murphy, Therese M.] Univ Exeter, Sch Med, Exeter, Devon, England. [Crowe, Eimear; Malone, Kevin] St Vincents Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat Psychotherapy & Mental Hlth, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Harris, R. Alan] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kellermayer, Richard] Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mill, Jonathan] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London, England. RP Mulcahy, H (reprint author), St Vincents Univ Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Ctr Colorectal Dis, Elm Pk, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM hemulc@hotmail.com RI Mill, Jonathan/B-3276-2010; Murphy, Therese/C-7481-2014; OI Mill, Jonathan/0000-0003-1115-3224; Murphy, Therese/0000-0002-7647-2798; Ryan, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5137-1253; Malone, Kevin M/0000-0001-5665-4706 FU AbbVie [10118]; Boston Scientific Newman Fellowship by the UCD Foundation; Gutsy Kids Fund; Karen and Brock Wagner family; Houston Men of Distinction; National Institutes of Health [P30 DK56338] FX This research was supported by a grant from AbbVie (no. 10118). EMcD was the recipient of the Boston Scientific Newman Fellowship awarded by the UCD Foundation. RK was supported by Gutsy Kids Fund, including philanthropic donation from the Karen and Brock Wagner family, the Houston Men of Distinction and the National Institutes of Health (P30 DK56338). NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1873-9946 EI 1876-4479 J9 J CROHNS COLITIS JI J. Crohns Colitis PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv176 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA DD9WH UT WOS:000370275900014 PM 26419460 ER PT J AU Harry-O'kuru, RE Biresaw, G Tisserat, B Evangelista, R AF Harry-O'kuru, Rogers E. Biresaw, Girma Tisserat, Brent Evangelista, Roque TI Synthesis of Polyformate Esters of Vegetable Oils: Milkweed, Pennycress, and Soy SO JOURNAL OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID POLYHYDROXY TRIGLYCERIDES AB In a previous study of the characteristics of acyl derivatives of polyhydroxy milkweed oil (PHMWO), it was observed that the densities and viscosities of the respective derivatives decreased with increased chain length of the substituent acyl group. Thus from the polyhydroxy starting material, attenuation in viscosity of the derivatives relative to PHMWO was found in the order: PHMWO >> PAcMWE >> PBuMWE >> PPMWE (2332 : 1733 : 926.2 : 489.4 cSt, resp., at 40 degrees C), where PAcMWE, PBuMWE, and PPMWE were the polyacetyl, polybutyroyl, and polypentanoyl ester derivatives, respectively. In an analogous manner, the densities also decreased as the chain length increased although not as precipitously compared to the viscosity drop. By inference, derivatives of vegetable oils with short chain length substituents on the triglyceride would be attractive in lubricant applications in view of their higher densities and possibly higher viscosity indices. Pursuant to this, we have explored the syntheses of formyl esters of three vegetable oils in order to examine the optimal density, viscosity, and related physical characteristics in relation to their suitability as lubricant candidates. In the absence of ready availability of formic anhydride, we opted to employ the epoxidized vegetable oils as substrates for formyl ester generation using glacial formic acid. The epoxy ring-opening process was smooth but was apparently followed by a simultaneous condensation reaction of the putative alpha-hydroxy formyl intermediate to yield vicinal diformyl esters from the oxirane. All three polyformyl esters milkweed, soy, and pennycress derivatives exhibited low coefficient of friction and a correspondingly much lower wear scar in the 4-ball antiwear test compared to the longer chain acyl analogues earlier studied. C1 [Harry-O'kuru, Rogers E.; Biresaw, Girma; Evangelista, Roque] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biooils Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Tisserat, Brent] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Funct Food Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Harry-O'kuru, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biooils Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM rogers.harryokuru@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2090-3030 EI 2090-3049 J9 J LIPIDS JI J. Lipids PY 2016 AR 3128604 DI 10.1155/2016/3128604 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DD9PA UT WOS:000370256800001 ER PT J AU McCluskey, BJ Morrison, B AF McCluskey, Brian J. Morrison, Bob TI Another emerging disease: Swine Enteric Coronaviruses SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [McCluskey, Brian J.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Morrison, Bob] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McCluskey, BJ (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 EI 1873-1716 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 123 BP 154 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.12.001 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DE0HU UT WOS:000370306500017 PM 26773474 ER PT J AU McCluskey, BJ Haley, C Rovira, A Main, R Zhang, Y Barder, S AF McCluskey, Brian J. Haley, Charles Rovira, Albert Main, Rodger Zhang, Yan Barder, Sunny TI Retrospective testing and case series study of porcine delta coronavirus in US swine herds SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Porcihe deltacoronavirus; Swine enteric coronaviruses; Case series ID EPIDEMIC-DIARRHEA-VIRUS AB Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was first reported in the United States (US) in February 2014. This was the second novel swine enteric coronavirus detected in the US since May 2013. In this study, we conducted retrospective testing of samples submitted to three veterinary diagnostic laboratories where qualifying biological samples were derived from previously submitted diagnostic case submissions from US commercial swine farms with a clinical history of enteric disease or from cases that had been previously tested for transmissible gastroenteritis virus, PEDV, or rotavirus. Overall, 2286 banked samples were tested from 27 States. Samples were collected in 3 separate years and in 17 different months. Test results revealed 4 positive samples, 3 collected in August 2013 and 1 collected in October 2013. In addition, a case series including 42 operations in 10 States was conducted through administration of a survey. Survey data collected included information on characteristics of swine operations that had experienced PDCoV clinical signs. Special emphasis was placed on obtaining descriptive estimates of biosecurity practices and disease status over time of each operation. Clinical signs of PDCoV were reported to be similar to those of PEDV. The average number of animals on each operation exhibiting clinical signs (morbidity) and the average number of case fatalities was greatest for suckling and weaned pigs. Average operation level weaned pig morbidity was greatest in the first week of the outbreak while average operation-level suckling pig case fatality was greatest in the second week of the outbreak. The survey included questions regarding biosecurity practices for visitors and operation employees; trucks, equipment and drivers; and feed sources. These questions attempted to identify a likely pathway of introduction of PDCoV onto the operations surveyed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McCluskey, Brian J.; Haley, Charles] APHIS, USDA, VS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rovira, Albert; Barder, Sunny] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Main, Rodger] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Zhang, Yan] Ohio Dept Agr, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Reynoldsburg, OH USA. RP McCluskey, BJ (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, VS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM brian.j.mccluskey@aphis.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 EI 1873-1716 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 123 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.10.018 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DE0HU UT WOS:000370306500022 PM 26603048 ER PT J AU Scott, A McCluskey, B Brown-Reid, M Grear, D Pitcher, P Ramos, G Spencer, D Singrey, A AF Scott, Aaron McCluskey, Brian Brown-Reid, Monica Grear, Dan Pitcher, Paul Ramos, Greg Spencer, Denise Singrey, Aaron TI Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus introduction into the United States: Root cause investigation SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Porcine epidemic diarrhea; Outbreak investigation; Flexible intermediate bulk container; Tote; Feed; Virus transmission; Epidemiology AB Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) was identified in the United States in the spring of 2013, and professionals from many parts of the U.S. swine industry responded rapidly to understand and control the newly emerging disease. In less than two months, the disease had spread to more than 200 herds in thirteen states. Experts from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) engaged in laboratory diagnostics, analytic support, epidemiology expertise, and data management to facilitate the effort. By 2014, a great deal had been learned about the disease; however, the question of how it entered the United States remained unanswered. In 2014, USDA formed an investigative group to address the question and leverage current knowledge with resources and partnerships not readily available to non-federal investigators. The group formed collaborations with other government and non-government organizations and individuals, and followed many avenues of inquiry; ultimately arriving at a small number of scenarios that describe possible mechanisms for FED introduction. For a scenario to be plausible, it had to explain: contamination of a person or product in the source country, its transit and entry to the United States, rapid dispersal across a wide geographic area, and exposure/infection of pigs. It had to be compatible with findings of swine herd investigations and research studies. Potential products had to have been imported legally during the time prior to the beginning of the epidemic, or delivered to the United States through prohibited channels. Follow-up studies were initiated to gather more evidence for the most plausible scenarios. Of the scenarios, flexible intermediate bulk containers ("feed totes") used to transport bulk feed serving as fomites for movement of PED virus provided the simplest explanation for the accumulated findings of the investigation. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Scott, Aaron; McCluskey, Brian; Brown-Reid, Monica; Grear, Dan; Pitcher, Paul; Ramos, Greg; Spencer, Denise; Singrey, Aaron] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Scott, A (reprint author), 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM aaronescott@aphis.usda.gov OI Grear, Daniel/0000-0002-5478-1549 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 EI 1873-1716 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 123 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.11.013 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DE0HU UT WOS:000370306500023 PM 26711302 ER PT J AU Jensen, AJ Zydlewski, GB Barker, S Pietrak, M AF Jensen, Alexander J. Zydlewski, Gayle B. Barker, Sarah Pietrak, Michael TI Sea Lice Infestations of a Wild Fish Assemblage in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; STICKLEBACK GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; CALIGUS-ELONGATUS NORDMANN; COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS; THREESPINE STICKLEBACKS; MACROTIDAL ESTUARY; COPEPODA CALIGIDAE; COBSCOOK BAY; SALAR L. AB Little research on wild fish and sea lice interactions has occurred in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, particularly for the sea lice species Caligus elongatus. This project quantified infestations of sea lice on wild fishes of Cobscook Bay, Maine. Field examinations of 6,334 fish during March-November 2012 were used to determine host species and infestation prevalence. Of these, 253 fish were examined under magnification to identify sea lice genus, infestation intensity, sea lice life cycle stages, and attachment locations of chalimus stages. We used DNA sequencing on 175 (34%) individual lice to confirm sea lice species. Caligus elongatus was the only observed sea lice species and was found on 10 fish species, including eight newly identified hosts. Nonmotile chalimus were the predominant life stages observed, accounting for 95.87% of sea lice, and were predominantly attached to hosts' fins. Overall infestation prevalence and intensity among all sampled fish were low-less than 5% and just one sea louse per fish, respectively. Among the three most common host species, Threespine Sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus had the highest infestation prevalence and intensity. These results are the first reported data for sea lice presence on a wild fish assemblage in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, the identification of new hosts for C. elongatus and the lack of observed infestations by the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis will be used to inform sea lice management efforts in aquaculture operations. C1 [Jensen, Alexander J.; Zydlewski, Gayle B.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Barker, Sarah] Univ Maine, Inst Aquaculture Res, 5735 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Barker, Sarah] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5735 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Pietrak, Michael] USDA ARS, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, 25 Salmon Farm Rd, Franklin, ME 04634 USA. RP Jensen, AJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jensen.alex1502@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Energy through Ocean Renewable Power Company [DOE DE-FOA-000293]; Maine Sea Grant development funds [DV-12-08] FX Special thanks to J. McCleave, G. Staines, M. Altenritter, and B. Fleenor for their aid with fish sampling, to D. Noyes and B. Smith for help with fish processing and genetic analysis, and to I. Bricknell for use of laboratory facilities and equipment. Fish sampling was part of a larger project, led by J. Vieser and G. Zydlewski, and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE DE-FOA-000293) through Ocean Renewable Power Company. Sea lice identification and laboratory-based procedures were possible through Maine Sea Grant development funds (DV-12-08) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Sea Grant Aquaculture Research Program. Fish sampling was conducted under the University of Maine Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol A2010-03-01. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1091381 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000002 ER PT J AU Landress, CM AF Landress, Chad M. TI Fish Assemblage Associations with Floodplain Connectivity Following Restoration to Benefit an Endangered Catostomid SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION REGULATION; HABITAT CONNECTIVITY; TEMPERATE FLOODPLAIN; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FATHEAD MINNOW; JUNE SUCKERS; GREAT-LAKES; RIVER; PATTERNS; RECRUITMENT AB The dynamics of stream and floodplain connectivity are a growing consideration for restoration projects. Restoration of a tributary stream to Utah Lake was undertaken in 2008 with the intent of increasing available spawning and nursery habitat for the endangered June Sucker Chasmistes liorus. Restoration efforts provided an opportunity to evaluate relationships between fish assemblages and variables related to the physiochemical environment, vegetation, and habitat connectivity at floodplain ponds. Fish were collected with beach seines and habitat variables were measured each month at 12 floodplain ponds during March 2010 to March 2011. Total catch was predominated by nonnative species: Green Sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, Western Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis, Black Bullhead Ameiurus melas, Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas, and Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. Both indirect and direct gradient analyses indicated a significant correlation between fish assemblages and site connectivity. The percentage and type of macrophyte cover (e.g., emergent, submergent) also played a significant role in structuring fish assemblages. Species richness was generally higher at sites with intermediate to high connectivity than at sites with lower connectivity. Sites with lower connectivity were predominated by Green Sunfish, Mosquitofish, and Fathead Minnow. June Suckers were collected from sites with intermediate values of connectivity and vegetation. Observed patterns suggested connectivity structured initial fish assemblages and macrophyte colonization dynamics; subsequent interactions between local habitat (i.e., percent vegetation) and biotic factors (e.g., competition, predation, etc.) provided site-specific interactions and structure. The results of this study indicate connectivity dynamics should be an important consideration in stream and floodplain restoration efforts. C1 [Landress, Chad M.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, 1115 North Main St, Springville, UT 84663 USA. [Landress, Chad M.] US Forest Serv, Monongahela Natl Forest, POB 67, Bartow, WV 24920 USA. RP Landress, CM (reprint author), Utah Div Wildlife Resources, 1115 North Main St, Springville, UT 84663 USA.; Landress, CM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Monongahela Natl Forest, POB 67, Bartow, WV 24920 USA. EM chadmlandress@fs.fed.us FU June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program FX I am grateful for the extensive field assistance of David Tinsley, Mark Grover, and Jackie Watson. I also thank Mark Grover for comments provided during the development of this manuscript, as well as a helpful review. I give many thanks to numerous Utah Division of Wildlife Resources personnel for field assistance. The June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program provided financial support for this project. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the author, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1105869 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000008 ER PT J AU Zhang, HY Rutherford, ES Mason, DM Breck, JT Wittmann, ME Cooke, RM Lodge, DM Rothlisberger, JD Zhu, XH Johnson, TB AF Zhang, Hongyan Rutherford, Edward S. Mason, Doran M. Breck, Jason T. Wittmann, Marion E. Cooke, Roger M. Lodge, David M. Rothlisberger, John D. Zhu, Xinhua Johnson, Timothy B. TI Forecasting the Impacts of Silver and Bighead Carp on the Lake Erie Food Web SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ASIAN CARP; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ILLINOIS RIVER; HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX; HABITAT SELECTION; INVASION HISTORY; EXPERT JUDGMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FISH COMMUNITY AB Nonindigenous bigheaded carps (Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp H. molitrix; hereafter, "Asian carps" [AC]) threaten to invade and disrupt food webs and fisheries in the Laurentian Great Lakes through their high consumption of plankton. To quantify the potential effects of AC on the food web in Lake Erie, we developed an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) food web model and simulated four AC diet composition scenarios (high, low, and no detritus and low detritus with Walleye Sander vitreus and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens larvae) and two nutrient load scenarios (the 1999 baseline load and 2X the baseline [HP]). We quantified the uncertainty of the potential AC effects by coupling the EwE model with estimates of parameter uncertainty in AC production, consumption, and predator diets obtained using structured expert judgment. Our model projected mean +/- SD AC equilibrium biomass ranging from 52 +/- 34 to 104 +/- 75 kg/ha under the different scenarios. Relative to baseline simulations without AC, AC invasion under all detrital diet scenarios decreased the biomass of most fish and zooplankton groups. The effects of AC in the HP scenario were similar to those in the detrital diet scenarios except that the biomasses of most Walleye and Yellow Perch groups were greater under HP because these fishes were buffered from competition with AC by increased productivity at lower trophic levels. Asian carp predation on Walleye and Yellow Perch larvae caused biomass declines among all Walleye and Yellow Perch groups. Large food web impacts of AC occurred in only 2% of the simulations, where AC biomass exceeded 200 kg/ha, resulting in biomass declines of zooplankton and planktivorous fish near the levels observed in the Illinois River. Our findings suggest that AC would affect Lake Erie's food web by competing with other planktivorous fishes and by providing additional prey for piscivores. Our methods provide a novel approach for including uncertainty into forecasts of invasive species' impacts on aquatic food webs. C1 [Zhang, Hongyan] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Breck, Jason T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Comp Sci, 1210 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wittmann, Marion E.; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, POB 369, Notre Dame, IN 46656 USA. [Wittmann, Marion E.; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, POB 369, Notre Dame, IN 46656 USA. [Wittmann, Marion E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cooke, Roger M.] Resources Future Inc, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Cooke, Roger M.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Math, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. [Cooke, Roger M.] Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Rothlisberger, John D.] US Forest Serv, 626 East Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. [Zhu, Xinhua] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Johnson, Timothy B.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Rural Route 4,41 Hatchery Lane, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. RP Zhang, HY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM zhanghy@umich.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research awards [NA09NOS4780192, NA10NOS4780218]; National Science Foundation CNIC award [1322540]; Canada-Ontario agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem FX We acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research awards NA09NOS4780192 and NA10NOS4780218, and National Science Foundation CNIC award 1322540. We thank a select group of internal reviewers (Roy Stein, William Pine, Kenneth Rose, and Bryan Kinter) and three anonymous reviewers, all of whose comments substantially improved earlier drafts of the manuscript. We also appreciate access to data collected by Lake Erie monitoring agencies (EPA's Great Lakes National Program Office, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, U.S. Geological Survey, and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources). We thank V. Christensen, S. Lai, and J. Steenbeek for model consultation. Initial development of the Lake Erie Ecopath model was done by coauthors X. Zhu and T. B. Johnson and supported by the Canada-Ontario agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem. This is NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory contribution 1788. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 42 U2 89 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 136 EP 162 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1069211 PG 27 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000012 ER PT J AU Howell, PJ Colvin, ME Sankovich, PM Buchanan, DV Hemmingsen, AR AF Howell, Philip J. Colvin, Michael E. Sankovich, Paul M. Buchanan, David V. Hemmingsen, Alan R. TI Life Histories, Demography, and Distribution of a Fluvial Bull Trout Population SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; PROGRAM MARK; RIVER SYSTEM; HABITAT USE; SURVIVAL; MONTANA; OREGON; GROWTH AB To describe the life histories and demography of a fluvial population of Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus, we PIT-tagged and radio-tagged Bull Trout captured in Mill Creek, a tributary of the Walla Walla River (Washington-Oregon), during 1998-2009. Adult abundance declined 63% during 2006-2010, driven primarily by a 10-fold reduction in subadult-to-adult returns. Larger subadults and fall-winter emigrants survived at higher rates, but they were a small proportion of the subadult migrants. The survival rates of larger, generally older adults were also more than 40% greater than those of smaller adults. Changes in abundance influenced other characteristics of the population. For example, adult upstream movement into spawning areas during 1999-2005 peaked in late July, whereas the smaller runs observed during 2006-2010 peaked in early September, and the relationship between fish size and migration timing shifted. Unlike many adfluvial populations, more than 90% of the adults in Mill Creek spawned annually. Bull Trout that spawned in main-stem Mill Creek were primarily larger migratory adults; however, about 20% of the large adults were strictly or intermittently resident, remaining in the spawning area year-round. The downstream extent of individuals' migratory distributions varied greatly-from just downstream of the spawning area to the mouth of the Walla Walla River and potentially hundreds of kilometers into the Columbia River. Despite a large sample size of radio-tagged fish, radiotelemetry substantially underestimated the distribution and range that were evident from PIT tag detections. Life history terms such as "migratory," "resident," and "fluvial" and their associations with body size, movement, and distribution are useful for describing general patterns, but they fail to reflect the diversity and complexity within and among populations. For Bull Trout in Mill Creek, that life history diversity, including small, resident adult forms in the tributaries and a continuum of distribution for large adults, maximizes the use of available habitat and likely contributes to the population's persistence. C1 [Howell, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Colvin, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sankovich, Paul M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, La Grande Field Off, 3502 Highway 30, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Buchanan, David V.; Hemmingsen, Alan R.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 28655 Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Colvin, Michael E.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Howell, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM pjhowell@fs.fed.us FU Bonneville Power Administration; USFS; ODFW; USFWS FX Larry Boe (USFS) operated the downstream and upstream traps throughout the study and tracked the radio-tagged fish; Jason Shappart and Steve Starcevich (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife [ODFW]) assisted with radio-tagging; Lisa Sommerfield and Lisa Borgerson (ODFW) read the scale samples; Don Anglin, Darren Gallion, Marshall Barrows, Ryan Koch, and Courtney Newlon (USFWS) collaborated on the later PIT-tagging portions of the study and constructed, installed, and maintained most of the PIT tag detection arrays; James Peterson (USGS, Oregon Cooperative Fishery Research Unit) helped with initial analyses in Program MARK; and Teri Moore and Steve Jacobs (ODFW) organized the trap data into an Access database that facilitated analysis. We thank Tracy Bowerman, Robert Al-Chokhachy, and four anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, USFS, ODFW, and USFWS. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 173 EP 194 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1105870 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000014 ER PT J AU Solis, MA Metz, MA AF Solis, M. Alma Metz, Mark A. TI An illustrated guide to the identification of the known species of Diatraea Guilding (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Crambinae) based on genitalia SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Diatraea; sugarcane moths; Poaceae; biofuels; genitalia AB The genus Diatraea Guilding is one of the most economically important groups of moths in the Western Hemisphere. The larvae are stem borers that feed on species of Poaceae, or grasses, such as sugarcane, corn, rice, and sorghum, as well as many other native grasses. Interest in this group has risen considerably since sugarcane and other grasses have been utilized and/or investigated as biofuels. This is the first modern study to treat all 41 valid described species. Most type specimens were examined and we provide a checklist with 19 new synonyms. We provide keys for the identification of most species in this genus based on morphology of the male and female genitalia and modern illustrations of male and female genitalia. We also provide an updated table of species distribution by country. C1 [Solis, M. Alma; Metz, Mark A.] Smithsonian Inst, USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,Natl, E 517,MRC 168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Solis, MA; Metz, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,Natl, E 517,MRC 168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov; mark.metz@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2016 IS 565 BP 73 EP 121 DI 10.3897/zookeys.565.6797 PG 49 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DE0TQ UT WOS:000370338200003 PM 27081337 ER PT J AU Dashti, HS Aslibekyan, S Scheer, FAJL Smith, CE Lamon-Fava, S Jacques, P Lai, CQ Tucker, KL Arnett, DK Ordovas, JM AF Dashti, Hassan S. Aslibekyan, Stella Scheer, Frank A. J. L. Smith, Caren E. Lamon-Fava, Stefania Jacques, Paul Lai, Chao-Qiang Tucker, Katherine L. Arnett, Donna K. Ordovas, Jose M. TI Clock Genes Explain a Large Proportion of Phenotypic Variance in Systolic Blood Pressure and This Control Is Not Modified by Environmental Temperature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; circadian clocks; circadian rhythm; clock genes; environmental temperature; hypertension ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; DIET NETWORK; SHIFT WORK; SYSTEM; IMPACT; COLD AB BACKGROUND Diurnal variation in blood pressure (BP) is regulated, in part, by an endogenous circadian clock; however, few human studies have identified associations between clock genes and BP. Accounting for environmental temperature may be necessary to correct for seasonal bias. METHODS We examined whether environmental temperature on the day of participants' assessment was associated with BP, using adjusted linear regression models in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) (n = 819) and the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) (n = 1,248) cohorts. We estimated phenotypic variance in BP by 18 clock genes and examined individual single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with BP using an additive genetic model, with further consideration of environmental temperature. RESULTS In GOLDN, each additional 1 degrees C increase in environmental temperature was associated with 0.18 mm Hg lower systolic BP [SBP; beta +/- SE = -0.18 +/- 0.05 mm Hg; P = 0.0001] and 0.10 mm Hg lower diastolic BP [DBP; -0.10 +/- 0.03 mm Hg; P = 0.001]. Similar results were seen in the BPRHS for SBP only. Clock genes explained a statistically significant proportion of the variance in SBP [V-G/V-P +/- SE = 0.071 +/- 0.03; P = 0.001] in GOLDN, but not in the BPRHS, and we did not observe associations between individual SNPs and BP. Environmental temperature did not influence the identified genetic associations. CONCLUSIONS We identified clock genes that explained a statistically significant proportion of the phenotypic variance in SBP, supporting the importance of the circadian pathway underlying cardiac physiology. Although temperature was associated with BP, it did not affect results with genetic markers in either study. Therefore, it does not appear that temperature measures are necessary for interpreting associations between clock genes and BP. C1 [Dashti, Hassan S.; Smith, Caren E.; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Aslibekyan, Stella; Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Scheer, Frank A. J. L.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Sleep & Circadian Disorders, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Scheer, Frank A. J. L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Sleep Med, Boston, MA USA. [Lamon-Fava, Stefania] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Jacques, Paul] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Epidemiol Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] CNIC, Dept Epidemiol, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Inst Madrileno Estudios Avanzados Alimentac IMDEA, Madrid, Spain. RP Dashti, HS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM hassan.dashti@tufts.edu OI Dashti, Hassan S/0000-0002-1650-679X FU NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [U01HL072524-04]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; National Institutes of Health [P01 AG023394, P50 HL105185]; NHLBI [R01 HL094806]; [K08 HL112845] FX We thank the staff of the GOLDN study for the assistance in data collection and management and Jin Sha for support. The work on the GOLDN study has been funded by the NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (grant U01HL072524-04), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, (grant DK075030), and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research. The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants P01 AG023394 and P50 HL105185). C.E.S. was supported by K08 HL112845. F.A.J.L.S. was supported in part by NHLBI (R01 HL094806). NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0895-7061 EI 1941-7225 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1093/ajh/hpv082 PG 9 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA DD5WV UT WOS:000369996400019 PM 26045533 ER PT J AU Niu, M Appuhamy, JADRN Leytem, AB Dungan, RS Kebreab, E AF Niu, M. Appuhamy, J. A. D. R. N. Leytem, A. B. Dungan, R. S. Kebreab, E. TI Effect of dietary crude protein and forage contents on enteric methane emissions and nitrogen excretion from dairy cows simultaneously SO ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture Conference (GGAA2016) CY FEB 14-18, 2016 CL Melbourna, AUSTRALIA DE lactating dairy cow ID MILK-PRODUCTION; RUMEN FERMENTATION; FEED-INTAKE; LACTATION PERFORMANCE; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; COCONUT OIL; N EXCRETION; CATTLE; ACID; METABOLISM AB The study aimed to examine, simultaneously, the effects of changing dietary forage and crude protein (CP) contents on enteric methane (CH4) emissions and nitrogen (N) excretion from lactating dairy cows. Twelve post-peak lactating Holstein cows (157 +/- 31 days postpartum; mean +/- s.d.) were randomly assigned to four treatments from a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of two dietary forage levels [37.4% (LF) vs 53.3% (HF) of DM] and two dietary CP levels [15.2% (LP) vs 18.5% (HP) of DM] in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with four 18-day periods. Alfalfa hay was the sole source of dietary forage. Cows were fed ad libitum and milked twice daily. During the first 14 days, cows were housed in a free-stall barn, where enteric CH4 emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system from Days 8 to 14 in each period. Cows were then moved to metabolic cages, where faeces and urine output (kg/cow.day) were measured by total collection from Days 16 to 18 of each period. No dietary forage by CP interactions were detected for DM intake, milk production, enteric CH4 emissions, or N excretions. There was a tendency for DM intake to increase 0.6 kg/day in cows fed LF (P = 0.06). Milk production increased 2.1 kg/day in LF compared with HF (P < 0.01). Milk fat content decreased in cows fed LF compared with HF (1.07 vs 1.17 kg/day; P < 0.01). Milk contents of true protein, lactose and solid non-fat were greater in cows fed LF (P < 0.01). No difference in DM intake, milk yield and milk contents of true protein, lactose and solid non-fat was found between cows fed HP or LP. However, milk fat content increased 0.16 kg/day in cows fed HP (P < 0.05). Enteric CH4 emissions, and CH4 per unit of DM intake, energy-corrected milk, total digested organic matter and neutral detergent fibre were not affected by dietary CP, but decreased by LF compared with HF (P < 0.01). Milk true protein N was not affected by dietary CP content but was higher for LF compared with HF. Dietary N partitioned to milk true protein was greater in cows fed LF compared with HF (29.4% vs 26.7%; P < 0.01), also greater in cows fed LP compared with HP (30.8% vs 25.2%; P < 0.01). Dietary N partitioned to urinary N excretion was greater in cows fed HP compared with LP (39.5% vs 29.6%; P < 0.01) but was not affected by dietary CP content. Dietary N partitioned to faeces was not affected by dietary CP but increased in cows fed LP compared with HP (34.2% vs 27.8%; P < 0.01). Total N excretion (urinary plus faecal) as proportion to N intake did not differ between HP and LP, but tended to be lower in cows fed LF compared with the HF diet (64.2% vs 67.9%; P = 0.09). Both milk urea N (P < 0.01) and blood urea N (P < 0.01) declined with decreasing dietary CP or forage contents. Based on purine derivative analysis, there was a tendency for interaction between dietary CP and forage content on microbial protein synthesis (P < 0.09). Rumen microbial protein synthesis tended to be lower for high forage and low protein treatments. Increasing dietary forage contents resulted in greater CH4 emission (g/kg of energy-corrected milk) and manure N excretion (g/kg of energy-corrected milk) intensities of lactating dairy cows. Cows receiving reduced CP diets had low manure N outputs and improved milk true protein production efficiencies, regardless of dietary forage content. C1 [Niu, M.; Appuhamy, J. A. D. R. N.; Kebreab, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Leytem, A. B.; Dungan, R. S.] USDA ARS, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Niu, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mniu@ucdavis.edu RI Kebreab, Ermias/E-9113-2012 OI Kebreab, Ermias/0000-0002-0833-1352 FU USDA-ARS North-west Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory (Kimberly, ID) FX This research was funded through a cooperative agreement with USDA-ARS North-west Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory (Kimberly, ID). The authors also acknowledge the assistance of James Fadel, Edward DePeters, Tekeste Tewoldebrhan, Jasmin Grey, Anna Naranjo, Diogo Albuquerque, Doug Gisi, and Sharlie Folsom (University of California-Davis, Davis, CA). NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 22 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-0939 EI 1836-5787 J9 ANIM PROD SCI JI Anim. Prod. Sci. PY 2016 VL 56 IS 2-3 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.1071/AN15498 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA DD6UM UT WOS:000370060000021 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Vadas, PA AF Powell, J. M. Vadas, P. A. TI Gas emissions from dairy barnyards SO ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture Conference (GGAA2016) CY FEB 14-18, 2016 CL Melbourna, AUSTRALIA DE corralling; GHG; manure ID AMMONIA EMISSIONS; FARMS; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN AB Dairy cattle spend considerable time in outside barnyards. Nine barnyards were constructed to examine impacts of surface materials (bark, sand, soil) and timing of cattle corralling (before and after 3-14-day corralling periods) on fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) and CO2 equivalents (CO(2)eq). Surface, year, and surface*year interactions accounted for 64%, 6% and 16% of CO2 flux variability. Average CO2 flux from bark (2552 mg/m(2).h) was 3.1-3.9 times greater than from sand or soil, especially after bark replenishment. Timing, year, timing*year and surface*year accounted for 40%, 17%, 14%, and 17% of CH4 variability. Average CH4 flux after corralling (10.6 mg/m(2).h) was 3.8 times greater than before corralling, and 5.2 times greater the year following bark replenishment. Timing accounted for 67% of NH3 variability. After corralling, NH3 fluxes (1622 mu g/m(2).h) were 95 times greater than before corralling. Timing, surface, surface*timing and timing*year accounted for 33%, 10%, 24% and 13% of N2O variability. Average N2O flux after corralling (2252 mu g/m(2).h) was 3.7 times greater than before corralling. Surface and surface*year accounted for 71% and 16% of CO(2)eq variability. Average CO(2)eq flux from bark (3188 mg/m(2).h) was 2.5-3.0 times greater than sand or soil. Greatest CO(2)eq flux occurred the year after bark replenishment. Tradeoffs between gas emissions, nutrient runoff and leaching, and cow comfort and health need to be assessed more fully before recommending beneficial practices for barnyard surface type and management. C1 [Powell, J. M.; Vadas, P. A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.powell@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture National Institute for Food and Agriculture [2013-68002-20525] FX We much appreciate the assistance of Ms Kristine Niemann and Mr James Richmond during the construction and maintenance of the experimental barnyards, and also to Ms Niemann and Ms Alicia Pelletier for gas sampling, sample processing and data analyses. This study was partially funded through the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute for Food and Agriculture-supported projects, Dairy Coordinated Agricultural Project: Climate Change, Mitigation, and Adaptation in Dairy Production Systems of the Great Lakes Region (Award No. 2013-68002-20525). NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-0939 EI 1836-5787 J9 ANIM PROD SCI JI Anim. Prod. Sci. PY 2016 VL 56 IS 2-3 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1071/AN15598 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA DD6UM UT WOS:000370060000027 ER PT J AU McGown, KI O'Hara, KL Youngblood, A AF McGown, Kathryn I. O'Hara, Kevin L. Youngblood, Andrew TI Patterns of size variation over time in ponderosa pine stands established at different initial densities SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE spacing study; size variation; Pinus ponderosa; Gini coefficient; growth dominance ID PLANT-POPULATIONS; GROWTH DOMINANCE; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ASYMMETRIC COMPETITION; MONOCULTURES; INEQUALITY; SKEWNESS; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; PLANTATIONS AB We used six metrics of size and growth variation (standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), skewness coefficient (S), Gini coefficient (G), Lorenz asymmetry coefficient (LAC), and growth dominance coefficient (GD)) to describe changes in two long-term ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) initial spacing trials in Oregon and Washington, USA. Trends were examined over a 35-year time period and across a range of initial stand densities (from 154 to 2470 trees.ha(-1)) for four measures of tree size: diameter at breast height (dbh, 1.37 m), basal area (BA), height, and volume. Unlike many previous studies of size variation in monospecific stands, our results suggest that variation declined or remained relatively stable for all treatments at both study areas. This suggests that these stands are experiencing size symmetric competition for belowground resources. We found that a combination of metrics is necessary to provide a complete picture of size variability and differentiation in developing stands. We recommend using the CV or G, as there were clear trends with increasing density for all size variables. If the objective of the assessment was to track changes in absolute size within an individual stand, we would recommend using the SD, as there were consistent trends with time for all size variables. S, LAC, and GD may be less suited for comparing differentiation during the early stages of stand development because of a lack of clear trends with stand density and time. C1 [McGown, Kathryn I.; O'Hara, Kevin L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Youngblood, Andrew] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP McGown, KI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mcgownk@gmail.com NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 1 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2015-0096 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DD6QQ UT WOS:000370049100010 ER PT J AU Chang, CH Szlavecz, K Filley, T Buyer, JS Bernard, MJ Pitz, SL AF Chang, Chih-Han Szlavecz, Katalin Filley, Timothy Buyer, Jeffrey S. Bernard, Michael J. Pitz, Scott L. TI Belowground competition among invading detritivores SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amynthas hilgendorfi; C-13 and N-15 labeling; earthworm; Eisenoides lonnbergi; functional group; interspecific competition; invasive species; Lumbricus rubellus; Octolasion lacteum; stable isotope; temperate deciduous forest ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; LUMBRICUS-RUBELLUS; EARTHWORM INVASIONS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; TEMPERATE FOREST; SOIL BIOTA; DIVERSITY; FOOD; COMMUNITIES; NICHE AB The factors regulating soil animal communities are poorly understood. Current theory favors niche complementarity and facilitation over competition as the primary forms of non-trophic interspecific interaction in soil fauna; however, competition has frequently been suggested as an important community-structuring factor in earthworms, ecosystem engineers that influence belowground processes. To date, direct evidence of competition in earthworms is lacking due to the difficulty inherent in identifying a limiting resource for saprophagous animals. In the present study, we offer the first direct evidence of interspecific competition for food in this dominant soil detritivore group by combining field observations with laboratory mesocosm experiments using C-13 and N-15 double-enriched leaf litter to track consumption patterns. In our experiments, the Asian invasive species Amynthas hilgendorfi was a dominant competitor for leaf litter against two European species currently invading the temperate deciduous forests in North America. This competitive advantage may account for recent invasion success of A. hilgendorfi in forests with established populations of European species, and we hypothesize that specific phenological differences play an important role in determining the outcome of the belowground competition. In contrast, Eisenoides lonnbergi, a common native species in the Eastern United States, occupied a unique trophic position with limited interactions with other species, which may contribute to its persistence in habitats dominated by invasive species. Furthermore, our results supported neither the hypothesis that facilitation occurs between species of different functional groups nor the hypothesis that species in the same group exhibit functional equivalency in C and N translocation in the soil. We propose that species identity is a more powerful approach to understand earthworm invasion and its impacts on belowground processes. C1 [Chang, Chih-Han; Szlavecz, Katalin; Bernard, Michael J.; Pitz, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Filley, Timothy] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Buyer, Jeffrey S.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pitz, Scott L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Bernard, Michael J.] Marine Biol Lab, Ecosyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chang, CH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. EM yuanpau@gmail.com OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 FU EPS Field Funds; National Science Foundation [EEC-0540832, ACI 1244820, EAR-0748574]; Microsoft Research FX We appreciate two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We are also grateful to Jay O'Neill, Stanley Tesch, Mac A. Callaham Jr., Pavlo Bohutskyi, Alan Stone, and Chuan-Chin Huang for their suggestions or logistical help, and to the people who helped in the field and during the lab experiments, especially Ziwei He, Kelly Baker, Zachary Ferguson, Adam Dec, and Jia-Hsing Wu. Funding for this study was partially provided by the EPS Field Funds, the National Science Foundation (EEC-0540832, ACI 1244820, and EAR-0748574), and Microsoft Research. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 1 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1890/15-0551.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DD3VZ UT WOS:000369852600018 PM 27008785 ER PT J AU Dalgleish, HJ Nelson, CD Scrivani, JA Jacobs, DF AF Dalgleish, Harmony J. Nelson, C. Dana Scrivani, John A. Jacobs, Douglass F. TI Consequences of Shifts in Abundance and Distribution of American Chestnut for Restoration of a Foundation Forest Tree SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Castanea dentata; chestnut blight; FIA; forest inventory and analysis; tree distribution ID CASTANEA-DENTATA SEEDLINGS; MARSH BORKH; BLIGHT; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS; PATHOGEN; FAGACEAE; ECOLOGY; HISTORY; LIGHT AB Restoration of foundation species, such as the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) that was devastated by an introduced fungus, can restore ecosystem function. Understanding both the current distribution as well as biogeographic patterns is important for restoration planning. We used United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data to quantify the current density and distribution of C. dentata. We then review the literature concerning biogeographic patterns in C. dentata. Currently, 431 +/- 30.2 million stems remain. The vast majority (360 +/- 22 million) are sprouts <2.5 cm dbh. Although this number is approximately 10% of the estimated pre-blight population, blight has caused a major shift in the size structure. The current-day population has a larger range, particularly west and north, likely due to human translocation. While climate change could facilitate northward expansion, limited seed reproduction makes this unlikely without assisted migration. Previous research demonstrates that the current, smaller population contains slightly higher genetic diversity than expected, although little information exists on biogeographic patterns in the genetics of adaptive traits. Our research provides a baseline characterization of the contemporary population of C. dentata, to enable monitoring stem densities and range limits to support restoration efforts. C1 [Dalgleish, Harmony J.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, Southern Inst Forest Genet, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Nelson, C. Dana] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Scrivani, John A.] Virginia Informat Technol Agcy, Chester, VA 23836 USA. [Jacobs, Douglass F.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47901 USA. RP Jacobs, DF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47901 USA. EM hjdalgleish@wm.edu; dananelson@fs.fed.us; jscrivani@gmail.com; djacobs@purdue.edu FU Forest Health Initiative; United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [105321] FX The authors appreciate the input and support of the Forest Health Initiative in development of this paper. This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture under Grant #105321. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 28 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.3390/f7010004 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DC8TU UT WOS:000369493400009 ER PT J AU Levi, A Coffey, J Massey, L Guner, N Oren, E Tadmor, Y Ling, KS AF Levi, Amnon Coffey, John Massey, Laura Guner, Nihat Oren, Elad Tadmor, Yaakov Ling, Kai-shu TI Resistance to Papaya ringspot virus-Watermelon Strain (PRSV-W) in the Desert Watermelon Citrullus colocynthis SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE potyvirus; germplasm evaluation; cucurbit; disease; phenotyping; ELISA ID YELLOW-MOSAIC-VIRUS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GERM PLASM; ACCESSIONS; GERMPLASM AB The bitter desert watermelon, Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is a wild species valuable for biotic and abiotic stress resistance that could be exploited for improving watermelon cultivars [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum & Nakai var. lanatus]. The objective of this study was to survey and identify C. colocynthis accessions displaying resistance to the Papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain (PRSV-W). Thirty-one accessions of C. colocynthis, collected in Africa, the Middle East, southwest Asia, and India were evaluated for PRSV-W resistance. Of these 31 accessions, 4 U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) accessions, including 525080 (collected in Qena, Egypt) and PI 537277, PI 652554, and Griffin 14201 (collected at the northern Indian desert of Rajasthan and the neighboring region of Punjab, Pakistan) showed high resistance to PRSV-W. Plants of these four resistant PIs were self-pollinated to produce S1 and S2 seeds that continued to maintain the high levels of PRSV resistance. Since there is a wide genetic distance between watermelon cultivars and C. colocynthis, we performed crosses and backcrosses with watermelon cultivars, including 'Charleston Gray' and 'Sugar Baby' to produce viable seed that would be useful in the development of genetic populations and in introducing the resistance into watermelon cultivars. C1 [Levi, Amnon; Coffey, John; Massey, Laura; Ling, Kai-shu] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Guner, Nihat] Sakata Seed Amer, 20900 FL-82, Ft Myers, FL 33913 USA. [Oren, Elad; Tadmor, Yaakov] Agr Res Org, Newe Yaar Res Ctr, POB 1021, IL-30095 Ramat Yishai, Israel. RP Levi, A (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM amnon.levi@ars.usda.gov; kai.ling@ars.usda.gov FU USA National Watermelon Association FX We thank the USA National Watermelon Association for their support of this research project. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA DD7OP UT WOS:000370114300001 ER PT J AU Zhang, HY Fan, JG Guo, SG Ren, Y Gong, GY Zhang, J Weng, YQ Davis, A Xu, Y AF Zhang, Haiying Fan, Jianguang Guo, Shaogui Ren, Yi Gong, Guoyi Zhang, Jie Weng, Yiqun Davis, Angela Xu, Yong TI Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Formation of a Core Collection of 1197 Citrullus Accessions SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus; genetic diversity; population structure; core set; molecular markers ID SSR MARKERS; WATERMELON CULTIVARS; LANATUS LANDRACES; GENOME; MELON; MAP AB Watermelon belongs to the genus Citrullus. There have been continuing interests in breeding of watermelon for economic benefits, but information on the scope and utilization of genetic variations in Citrullus is still limited. The present study was conducted in 2012-13, to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of the 1197 line watermelon collection maintained by the Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), which belongs to seven Citrullus species including Citrullus naudinianus, Citrullus colocynthis, Citrullus rehmii, Citrullus ecirrhosus, Citrullus amarus, Citrullus mucosospermus, and Cirullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris. Twenty-three highly informative microsatellite markers evenly distributed in the watermelon genome were used to assess genetic diversity in this collection. The markers detected on an average of 6.05 alleles per locus with the average value of polymorphism information content (PIC) at 0.49. A high level of gene diversity [Nei's gene diversity index (Nei) = 0.56] and a low observed heterozygosity (H-o = 0.10) were revealed within the collection. Structure analysis grouped the 1197 accessions into two main populations (Pop I and Pop II) and an admixture group. Pop I contained 450 accessions from C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris (446) and C. mucosospermus (4). Pop II comprised 465 accessions, 379 of which belonged to C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris and 86 to C. naudinianus (3), C. ecirrhosus (2), C rehmii (2), C. colocynthis (11), C. amarus (58), and C. mucosospermus (10). The remaining 282 accessions were classified as an admixture group. The two main populations were further subdivided into four subgroups. The groupings were consistent with the estimation of F statistics (F-st) and Nei's genetic distances in collections. We confirmed the distinct genetic backgrounds between American and East Asian ecotypes. Subsequently, we defined a core set consisting of 130 accessions including 47 from Pop I, 68 from Pop II, and 15 from the Admixture group. This core set was able to capture all 133 alleles detected by 23 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in 1197 accessions. These results will facilitate efficient use of genetic variations in Citrullus in watermelon breeding and help optimization of accessions in genomewide association studies. C1 [Xu, Yong] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Beijing Vegetable Res Ctr, Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xu, Yong] Minist Agr, Beijing Key Lab Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Hort Crops North, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Weng, Yiqun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53719 USA. [Davis, Angela] HM CLAUSE, 9241 Mace Blvd, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Beijing Vegetable Res Ctr, Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM xuyong@nercv.org FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [31171980, 31361140355, 31401893, 2013BAD01B04]; Ministry of Agriculture of China (CARS-26); Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, China [Z121105002512037, Z121105002612013]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation [6141001, 6144023]; Beijing Excellent Talents Programme [2014000021223TD03, 2013D002020000003] FX This study was supported by funds from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (31171980, 31361140355, 31401893, and 2013BAD01B04); Ministry of Agriculture of China (CARS-26); Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, China (Z121105002512037, Z121105002612013); Beijing Natural Science Foundation (6141001, 6144023); and Beijing Excellent Talents Programme (2014000021223TD03, 2013D002020000003). NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA DD7OP UT WOS:000370114300004 ER PT J AU Dixon, EK Strik, BC Bryla, DR AF Dixon, Emily K. Strik, Bernadine C. Bryla, David R. TI Weed Management, Training, and Irrigation Practices for Organic Production of Trailing Blackberry: II. Soil and Aboveground Plant Nutrient Concentrations SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE drip irrigation; landscape fabric; weed mat; Rubus; organic fertilizer; tissue nutrient status ID THORNLESS BLACKBERRY; PRODUCTION SYSTEM; SEASONAL-CHANGES; FRUIT PRODUCTION; NITROGEN UPTAKE; QUALITY; GROWTH; YIELD; ESTABLISHMENT; RATIO AB Organic production of blackberries is increasing, but there is relatively little known about how production practices affect plant and soil nutrient status. The impact of cultivar (Black Diamond and Marion), weed management (nonweeded, hand-weeded, and weed mat), primocane training time (August and February), and irrigation (throughout the summer and none postharvest) on plant nutrient status and soil pH, organic matter, and nutrients was evaluated from Oct. 2012 to Dec. 2014 in a mature trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) production system. The study site was certified organic and machine harvested for the processed market. The planting was irrigated by drip and fertigated with fish hydrolysate and fish emulsion fertilizer. Soil pH, organic matter content, and concentrations of soil nutrients, including ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), were greater under weed mat than in hand-weeded plots. Soil K and boron (B) were below recommended standards during the study, despite a high content of K in the fish fertilizer and supplemental B applications. Primocane leaf nutrient concentrations were below the N, K, Ca, and Mg sufficiency standards in 'Black Diamond' and were lower than in 'Marion' for N, phosphorus (P), Ca, Mg, S, B, and Zn in at least one year. In contrast, floricane leaves and fruit tended to have higher nutrient concentrations in 'Black Diamond' than in 'Marion'. Weed management strategy affected many nutrients in the soil, leaves, and fruit. Often, use of weed mat led to the highest concentrations. Withholding irrigation postharvest had limited effects on plant nutrient concentrations. Primocane training time affected the nutrients in each plant part differently depending on year. C1 [Dixon, Emily K.; Strik, Bernadine C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 Agr & Life Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bryla, David R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crop Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Strik, BC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 Agr & Life Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Bernadine.Strik@oregonstate.edu FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [OREI 2010-01940, ORE00409] FX We appreciate research funding support provided by the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Formula Grant no. OREI 2010-01940; ORE00409), our industry contributors, and the technical assistance provided by Gil Buller and Amanda Vance. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 36 EP 50 PG 15 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA DD7OP UT WOS:000370114300006 ER PT J AU Dixon, EK Strik, BC Bryla, DR AF Dixon, Emily K. Strik, Bernadine C. Bryla, David R. TI Weed Management, Training, and Irrigation Practices for Organic Production of Trailing Blackberry: III. Accumulation and Removal of Aboveground Biomass, Carbon, and Nutrients SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE drip irrigation; landscape fabric; weed mat; Rubus; organic fertilizer ID RUBUS-IDAEUS L; RED RASPBERRY; FRUIT PRODUCTION; THORNLESS BLACKBERRY; SOIL APPLICATIONS; PRODUCTION SYSTEM; NITROGEN UPTAKE; PLANT-GROWTH; YIELD; ALLOCATION AB Relatively little is known about aboveground nutrient content of organic blackberry, and there is no published work on total carbon (C) content. Treatment effects on biomass, C, and nutrient content, accumulation, and removal were assessed over 2 years in a mature organic trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubies, Watson) production system that was machine harvested for the processed market. Treatments included two irrigation options (no irrigation after harvest and continuous summer irrigation), three weed management strategies (weed mat, hand-weeded, and nonweeded), and two primocane training times (August and February) in two cultivars (Black Diamond and Marion). Floricanes comprised an average of 45% of the total aboveground plant dry biomass, while primocanes and fruit comprised 30% and 25%, respectively. Depending on the treatment, the total aboveground dry biomass accumulation over the course of the season was 5.0-6.5 t.ha(-1) per year, while C stock of the planting was an estimated 0.4-1.1 t.ha(-1) in late winter. Carbon accounted for approximate to 50% of the dry biomass of each aboveground plant part, including primocanes, floricanes, and fruit. Weed management had the largest impact on plant biomass and nutrient content. No weed control reduced aboveground dry biomass, the content of nutrients in the primocanes, floricanes, and fruit, and the annual accumulation of dry biomass and nutrients, whereas use of weed mat resulted in the most dry biomass and nutrient content. Nutrient accumulation was similar between the cultivars, although February-trained 'Marion' plants had a greater removal of most nutrients in 2014 than the year prior. The amount of nitrogen (N) removed in the fruit was 22, 18, and 12 kg.ha(-1) for weed mat, hand-weeded, and nonweeded plots, respectively, in 2013. In 2014, 'Marion' and 'Black Diamond' differed in N removed in harvested fruit when grown with weed mat at 18 and 24 kg.ha(-1), respectively, whereas there was no cultivar effect when plants were grown in hand weeded or nonweeded plots. Plots with weed mat tended to have the most nutrients removed through harvested fruit in both years. In 2014, N removal from August-trained 'Marion' was 5 kg.ha(-1) N less than the other training time and cultivar combinations. Plants that were irrigated throughout the summer accumulated more dry biomass, N, potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), and copper in one or both years than those that received no irrigation after fruit harvest. The irrigation treatment had inconsistent effects on nutrient content of each individual plant part between the two years. Removal of nutrients was often higher than what was applied through fertilization, especially for N, K, and B, which would eventually lead to depletion of those nutrients in the planting. C1 [Dixon, Emily K.; Strik, Bernadine C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 Agr & Life Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bryla, David R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crop Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Strik, BC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 Agr & Life Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bernadine.strik@oregonstate.edu FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [OREI 2010-01940, ORE00409] FX We appreciate research funding support provided by the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Formula Grant no. OREI 2010-01940; ORE00409), our industry contributors, and the technical assistance provided by Gil Buller and Amanda Vance. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 51 EP 66 PG 16 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA DD7OP UT WOS:000370114300007 ER PT J AU Steketee, CJ Martinez-Espinoza, AD Harris-Shultz, KR Henry, GM Raymer, PL AF Steketee, Clinton J. Martinez-Espinoza, Alfredo D. Harris-Shultz, Karen R. Henry, Gerald M. Raymer, Paul L. TI Effects of Genotype and Isolate on Expression of Dollar Spot in Seashore Paspalum SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turfgrass; Sclerotinia homoeocarpa; Paspalum vaginatum; host plant resistance ID SCLEROTINIA-HOMOEOCARPA; CREEPING BENTGRASS; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; AGROSTIS-STOLONIFERA; RESISTANCE; DISEASE; DIVERSITY; CULTIVARS; TURFGRASS; QTL AB Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a warm-season turfgrass species primarily used on golf courses and athletic fields, and is often impacted by the disease dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett. Dollar spot is the most common and economically important turfgrass disease in North America, and current management of this disease relies heavily on frequent fungicide applications. An alternate management strategy is host plant resistance, but a better understanding of the interactions between pathogen isolates and the host species is needed to effectively incorporate this resistance into elite seashore paspalum genotypes. The goal of this study was to gather host plant/isolate response data that could be used to develop an effective and efficient screening protocol for resistance to this important disease. Five genotypes of seashore paspalum ('Aloha', 'SeaIsle 2000', 'SeaIsle 1', 'SeaIsle Supreme', and 05-1743) varying in dollar spot resistance were inoculated with five isolates of S. homoeocarpa in repeated field studies during 2012 and 2013. Isolates used were from three warm-season and one cool-season turfgrass species. Inoculated plots were evaluated visually and using digital image analysis (DIA) for disease development over time and for number and area of infection centers at two rating dates each year. Statistical differences among the seashore paspalum genotypes and inoculation/isolate treatments were detected for area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values, number of infection centers, and infection center area. A significant interaction between seashore paspalum genotype and S. homoeocarpa isolate effects was not observed, indicating that host plant resistance genes are likely not isolate specific. Using this information, breeders should be able to use one highly virulent S. homoeocarpa isolate to screen for host plant resistance in seashore paspalum. C1 [Steketee, Clinton J.] Univ Georgia, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, 111 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Martinez-Espinoza, Alfredo D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Harris-Shultz, Karen R.] USDA ARS, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Henry, Gerald M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 3111 Miller Plant Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Raymer, Paul L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Raymer, Paul L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Raymer, PL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA.; Raymer, PL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM praymer@uga.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA DD7OP UT WOS:000370114300008 ER PT J AU Yeo, JR Weiland, JE Sullivan, DM Bryla, DR AF Yeo, John R. Weiland, Jerry E. Sullivan, Dan M. Bryla, David R. TI Susceptibility of Highbush Blueberry Cultivars to Phytophthora Root Rot SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium coymbosum; Phytophthora cinnamomi; disease resistance; soilborne pathogen ID PYTHIUM INFECTION; CINNAMOMI; IRRIGATION; ZOOSPORES AB Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands is a ubiquitous soilborne pathogen associated with root rot in many woody perennial plant species, including highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). To identify genotypes with resistance to the pathogen, cultivars and advanced selections of highbush blueberry were grown in a greenhouse and either inoculated or not with propagules of P. cinnamomi. Two experiments were conducted, including one with 10 commercially established cultivars and another with seven newly released cultivars, three commercially established cultivars, and three advanced selections of highbush blueberry. Pathogen resistance was based on the shoot and root dry biomass of the inoculated plants relative to the noninoculated plants within each genotype, as well as on the percentage of root infection among the genotypes. Resistant genotypes included four commercially established cultivars, Aurora, Legacy, Liberty, and Reka, and two new cultivars, Overtime and Clockwork. When these genotypes were inoculated, average relative shoot biomass was >= 60% of that of the noninoculated plants, whereas relative root biomass was >= 40%. 'Star', as well as two advanced selections (an early- and a late-season type) may also have some degree of resistance, but further investigation is needed. Relative shoot biomass of the susceptible genotypes, on the other hand, ranged from 19% to 53% and relative root biomass ranged from 11% to 26%. The susceptible genotypes included 'Bluetta', 'Bluecrop', 'Bluegold', 'Blue Ribbon', 'Cargo', 'Draper', 'Duke', 'Elliott', 'Last Call', 'Top Shelf, and 'Ventura'. These cultivars are not recommended at sites with conditions conducive to root rot, such as those with clay soils and/or poor drainage. C1 [Yeo, John R.; Sullivan, Dan M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 3017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Weiland, Jerry E.; Bryla, David R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 Northwest Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Weiland, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 Northwest Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM jerry.weiland@ars.usda.gov FU Oregon Blueberry Commission; Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation FX Financial support was provided by the Oregon Blueberry Commission, the Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation, and our industry contributors. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 74 EP 78 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA DD7OP UT WOS:000370114300009 ER PT J AU Lee, J Mattheis, JP Rudell, DR AF Lee, Jinwook Mattheis, James P. Rudell, David R. TI Storage Temperature and 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment Affect Storage Disorders and Physiological Attributes of 'Royal Gala' Apples SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus x domestica; diffuse flesh breakdown; radial stem-end flesh breakdown; shriveling; cracking; peeling ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; HONEYCRISP APPLES; EMPIRE APPLES; DELICIOUS APPLES; FRUIT-QUALITY; SOFT SCALD; FIRMNESS RETENTION; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; HARVEST MATURITY; SOGGY BREAKDOWN AB 'Royal Gala' apples [Maus domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]can develop postharvest disorders such as flesh browning, senescent breakdown, peeling, cracking, or shriveling during and after cold storage. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of storage temperature and a range (0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mu L.L-1) of 1-methylcyclopropepe (1-MCP) concentrations on fruit quality attributes and incidence and severity of physiological disorders during and after cold storage. Storage temperature differentially affected internal ethylene concentration (IEC), fruit circumference, and cortex color. 1-MCP treatment resulted in significant effects on fruit quality attributes and severity of physiological disorders, regardless of storage temperature. Incidence and severity of diffuse flesh breakdown (DFB), shriveling, cracking, and peeling were highest in control fruit stored but radial stem-end flesh breakdown (RSFB) only primarily in 1-MCP treated fruit. Incidence of RSFB was highest following storage at 0.5 degrees C compared with 3 degrees C. 1-MCP treatment had the most influence on disorder incidence/severity or quality attributes, while treatment concentration of 1-MCP was not significant. Overall, the results indicate that 1-MCP treatment can reduce the incidence of 'Royal Gala' DFB but may enhance sensitivity to RSFB, when fruit are stored at 0.5 or 3 degrees C. Incidence of DFB and RSFB are influenced differentially by storage temperature or by 1-MCP treatment, respectively, indicating they may be different disorders. C1 [Lee, Jinwook; Mattheis, James P.; Rudell, David R.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Lee, Jinwook] Mokpo Natl Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Muan 58554, South Korea. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM james.mattheis@ars.usda.gov FU AgroFresh, Inc FX Financial support for this research was received from AgroFresh, Inc. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 84 EP 93 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA DD7OP UT WOS:000370114300011 ER PT J AU Levi, A Harris-Shultz, KR Ling, KS AF Levi, Amnon Harris-Shultz, Karen R. Ling, Kai-shu TI USVL-370, a Zucchini yellow mosaic virus-resistant Watermelon Breeding Line SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Citrullus; potyvirus; disease resistance; DNA marker; eukaryotic elongation factor; genotyping; ELISA ID CITRULLUS-LANATUS; MARKERS; FLORIDA; TRAITS; GENOME C1 [Levi, Amnon; Ling, Kai-shu] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Harris-Shultz, Karen R.] ARS, USDA, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM amnon.levi@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA DD7OP UT WOS:000370114300014 ER PT J AU Tang, T Li, W Sun, G AF Tang, T. Li, W. Sun, G. TI Impact of two different types of El Nino events on runoff over the conterminous United States SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; WATER-RESOURCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHANGING CLIMATE; PACIFIC RIM; PRECIPITATION; STREAMFLOW; ENSO; VARIABILITY; WINTER AB The responses of river runoff to shifts of largescale climatic patterns are of increasing concerns to water resource planners and managers for long-term climate change adaptation. El Nino, as one of the most dominant modes of climate variability, is closely linked to hydrologic extremes such as floods and droughts that cause great loss of lives and properties. However, the different impacts of the two types of El Nino, i.e., central Pacific (CP-) and eastern Pacific (EP-) El Nino, on runoff across the conterminous US (CONUS) are not well understood. This study characterizes the impacts of the CP- and EP-El Nino on seasonal and annual runoff using observed streamflow data from 658 reference gaging stations and the NCAR-CCSM4 model. We found that surface runoff responds similarly to the two types of El Nino events in southeastern, central, southern, and western coastal regions, but differently in northeast (NE), Pacific northwest (PNW) and west north central (WNC) climatic zones. Specifically, EP-El Nino events tend to bring above-average runoff in NE, WNC, and PNW throughout the year while CP-El Nino events cause below-than normal runoff in the three regions. Similar findings were also found by analyzing NCAR-CCSM4 model outputs that captured both the CP- and EP-El Nino events, representing the best data set among CMIP5 models. The CCSM4 model simulates lower runoff values during CP-El Nino years than those in EP-El Nino over all of the three climatic regions (NE, PNW, and WNC) during 1950-1999. In the future (2050-2099), for both types of El Nino years, runoff is projected to increase over the NE and PNW regions, mainly due to increased precipitation (P). In contrast, the increase of future evapotranspiration (ET) exceeds that of future P, leading to a projected decrease in runoff over the WNC region. In addition, model analysis indicates that all of the three regions (NE, PNW, and WNC) are projected to have lower runoff in CP-El Nino years than in EP-El Nino years. Our study suggests that the US water resources may be distributed more unevenly in space and time with more frequent and intense flood and drought events. The findings from this study have important implications to water resource management at regional scales. Information generated from this study may help water resource planners to anticipate the influence of two different types of El Nino events on droughts and floods across the CONUS. C1 [Tang, T.; Li, W.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sun, G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM wenhong.li@duke.du FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1147608]; US Department of Agriculture [2014-67003-22068] FX We would like to thank USGS for providing runoff data, NOAA for providing land precipitation data, and ECMWF for providing ERA ET data, as well as ESGF portal for providing CMIP5 global climate model output. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers and M. Budde, as well as R. Tilburg for their helpful comments on earlier version of this manuscript. This study is supported by the National Science Foundation grant AGS-1147608, and US Department of Agriculture grant 2014-67003-22068. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2016 VL 20 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.5194/hess-20-27-2016 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DD1GD UT WOS:000369668400003 ER PT J AU Oliver, JB Reding, ME Ranger, CM Klein, MG Youssef, NN Moyseenko, JJ Dennis, SO AF Oliver, J. B. Reding, M. E. Ranger, C. M. Klein, M. G. Youssef, N. N. Moyseenko, J. J. Dennis, S. O. TI Insecticides Evaluated as Regulatory Immersion Treatments to Eliminate Third-Instar Japanese Beetles. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Small-Diameter Field-Grown Nursery Plants SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Popillia japonica; nursery; insecticide; scarab; plant dip ID TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; TOXICITY; CHLORPYRIFOS; RESISTANCE; LARVAE; TREES AB Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, are a quarantine issue for nursery shipments to certain U.S. states. The Domestic Japanese Beetle Harmonization Plan (DJHP) allows balled and burlapped (B&B) root ball immersion in chlorpyrifos or bifenthrin for P. japonica certification. Study objectives were: (a) to evaluate multiple insecticides as potential regulatory dips against third-instar P. japonica in 30-cm B&B, and (b) to determine the lowest effective rates. Tests were performed fall and spring from 2003 to 2007. All insecticide treatments reduced larval numbers compared with the untreated check treatment, with the exception of chlorantraniliprole and the lowest rate of trichlorfon in a fall test. Bifenthrin, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, clothianidin, and trichlorfon and bifenthrin imidacloprid were the most effective insecticides. Larval numbers in acephate, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and cyfluthrin imidacloprid treatments exceeded DJHP requirements at rates evaluated. Carbaryl, chlorantraniliprole, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, trichlorfon, and cyfluthrin imidacloprid dips were more effective in spring than fall tests. The only insecticide that caused significant plant mortality was trichlorfon (rates >= 119.8 g active ingredient/100 L). Several insecticides not currently approved for use in the DJHP and reduced rates of DJHP-approved active ingredients, bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos, demonstrated suitability for regulatory programs against P. japonica. C1 [Oliver, J. B.; Reding, M. E.; Ranger, C. M.; Klein, M. G.; Youssef, N. N.; Moyseenko, J. J.; Dennis, S. O.] Tennessee State Univ, Coll Agr Human & Nat Sci, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, 472 Cadillac Lane, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. [Reding, M. E.; Ranger, C. M.; Moyseenko, J. J.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Res Lab, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Klein, M. G.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Dennis, S. O.] Tennessee State Univ, Coll Agr Human & Nat Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. RP Oliver, JB (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Coll Agr Human & Nat Sci, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, 472 Cadillac Lane, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. EM joliver@tnstate.edu FU USDA-NIFA Evans-Allen Funding; USDA-ARS Thad Cochran Southern Horticultural Research Laboratory; USDA-ARS National Arboretum; USDA-ARS Application Technology Research Unit Horticultural Insects Research Lab; USDA-APHIS Biloxi Station; USDA Pest Management Alternative Program [2003-34381-13660]; TSU College of Agriculture, Human, and Natural Sciences FX We thank Joshua Basham, Jason Basham, Jesse Basham, Morris Bond, Crystal Lemings, Sam Ochieng, Heath Overby, Minsheng Wang, and Caleb West (Tennessee State University [TSU]); Ruthann Berry, Douglas Chan, Connie McCain, and Reginald Mesko (former USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Niles Biological Control Laboratory, Niles, MI); and John Tanner, Dave Cowan, Eireann Doyle, and James Wiehe (USDA APHIS, Otis Pest Survey, Detection and Exclusion Laboratory, Otis ANGB, MA) for providing assistance with field evaluations, Vic Mastro and David Prokrym for providing support for USDA-APHIS personnel to travel and assist with field evaluations, Anne-Marie Callcott (USDA-APHIS) and Karla Addesso (TSU) for providing outside reviews of the manuscript, agrochemical manufacturers listed in Table 1 for providing product for testing, and Arysta LifeScience, OHP, Syngenta, and Valent for providing research gifts to support nursery-related research. Partial research funding was provided by USDA-NIFA Evans-Allen Funding, USDA-ARS Thad Cochran Southern Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS National Arboretum, USDA-ARS Application Technology Research Unit Horticultural Insects Research Lab, USDA-APHIS Biloxi Station, USDA Pest Management Alternative Program Award Number 2003-34381-13660, and the TSU College of Agriculture, Human, and Natural Sciences. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 9 EP 28 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DD2VC UT WOS:000369779300002 ER PT J AU Shepherd, WP Sullivan, BT Mayfield, AE McDonald, RC AF Shepherd, William P. Sullivan, Brian T. Mayfield, Albert E., III McDonald, Richard C. TI Olfactory Responses of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Predator, Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), to Natural and Synthetic Conifer Volatiles SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Adelges tsugae; Adelgidae; biological control; predation; GC-EAD ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; TSUGAE HOMOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; HEMIPTERA; BEHAVIOR; CANADENSIS; HOSTS AB Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) is a specialist predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), native to the Pacific Northwest. It has been introduced into the eastern United States for biological control of exotic hemlock woolly adelgid populations that threaten native hemlock. The possible role of olfactory cues in host finding by this predator has received little study. We used gas chromatography electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) to test adult L. nigrinus olfactory sensitivity to volatiles from foliage of both adelgid-infested and uninfested eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Corriere] and western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.], and two hemlock woolly adelgid nonhost species (eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L., and western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don). Adelgid infestation did not alter L. nigrinus EAD response profiles to volatiles from either hemlock species. In total, antennal preparations detected only two compounds in samples of foliage volatiles: myrcene in all four tree species and nonanal in eastern hemlock alone. However, in GC-EAD tests with synthetic blends of common conifer volatiles presented at higher concentrations than in our foliage samples, we additionally recorded responses to (-)-limonene, terpinolene, alpha-pdimethylstyrene, linalool, (-)-bornyl acetate, 4-allylanisole, and a/pha-humulene. The apparent absence of olfactory stimulants specific to adelgid-infested foliage is consistent with published ambulatory olfactometer tests in which L. nigrinus adults were not more attracted to infested than uninfested foliage. Myrcene and nonanal should be further explored as compounds produced by hemlock woolly adelgid host trees that may influence L. nigrinus prey-finding efficiency. C1 [Shepherd, William P.; Sullivan, Brian T.; Mayfield, Albert E., III; McDonald, Richard C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Mayfield, Albert E., III] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [McDonald, Richard C.] Symbiont Biol Pest Management, 194 Shulls Hollar, Sugar Grove, NC 28679 USA. RP Shepherd, WP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM williamshepherd@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station FX The authors sincerely thank the following individuals and agencies: Mark Dalusky (University of Georgia), Darrell Ross (Oregon State University), and Kimberly Wallin (University of Vermont and USDA Forest Service) for assistance with field collection of beetles and/or host volatiles; Barbara Reynolds and the University of North Carolina Asheville for laboratory space; Brandon Howard (Kentucky Ridge State Forest) and Katie Greenberg (USDA Forest Service, Bent Creek Experimental Forest) for access to field sites. We also thank Robert Jetton (Camcore, North Carolina State University) and Alex Mangini (USDA Forest Service) for reviewing an earlier draft of this paper. This work was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DD2VC UT WOS:000369779300003 ER PT J AU Greenstone, MH AF Greenstone, Matthew H. TI Sampling Epigeal Arthropods: A Permanent, Sheltered, Closeable Pitfall Trapping Station SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; epigeal arthropods; sampling ID TRAPS; COLEOPTERA; CARABIDAE; BEETLES AB Epigeal arthropods constitute the bulk of herbivore, predator, and decomposer species in soil and litter ecosystems. Being small and difficult to observe within these sometimes densely vegetated habitats, they are inherently difficult to sample quantitatively. Further, most methods have inherent taxon, life-stage, and habitat biases, making biodiversity and other community-wide sampling problematic. Quadrat methods can be quantitative but may undercount active taxa and only work in the structurally simplest habitats. Mark-and recapture and trapping-out methods can yield defensible quantitative estimates but are not practicable for multispecies sampling. This leaves only flooding the habitat and collecting every animal thus dislodged, an expensive and difficult expedient. Pitfall traps are inexpensive and easily deployed, but they are not quantitative. When used intensively for a sufficiently long period of time, however, they can support reliable estimates of the total number of species and other biodiversity indices. Nevertheless there are technical problems associated with the use of pitfalls, including susceptibility to precipitation and flooding, lack of simple methods to close the traps between collecting intervals, and threats to the integrity of the trapping site. Described herein is an inexpensive, permanent pitfall station that shelters the trap from precipitation and flooding, can be securely closed during inactive periods, and can remain in place indefinitely without damage to the site. C1 [Greenstone, Matthew H.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM matt.greenstone@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DD2VC UT WOS:000369779300008 ER PT J AU Zhao, CY Shukle, R Navarro-Escalante, L Chen, MS Richards, S Stuart, JJ AF Zhao, Chaoyang Shukle, Richard Navarro-Escalante, Lucio Chen, Mingshun Richards, Stephen Stuart, Jeffrey J. TI Avirulence gene mapping in the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) reveals a protein phosphatase 2C effector gene family SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Effector protein; Avirulence gene; Plant-gall; Gene-for-gene interaction; Plant resistance; Protein phosphatase ID TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; RESISTANCE GENES; GALL MIDGE; WHEAT; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANTS; GENOME; VIRULENCE; EVOLUTION; EXPANSION AB The genetic tractability of the Hessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor) provides an opportunity to investigate the mechanisms insects use to induce plant gall formation. Here we demonstrate that capacity using the newly sequenced HF genome by identifying the gene (vH24) that elicits effector-triggered immunity in wheat (Triticum spp.) seedlings carrying HF resistance gene H24. vH24 was mapped within a 230-kb genomic fragment near the telomere of HF chromosome X1. That fragment contains only 21 putative genes. The best candidate vH24 gene in this region encodes a protein containing a secretion signal and a type-2 serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PP2C) domain. This gene has an H24-virulence associated insertion in its promoter that appears to silence transcription of the gene in H24-virulent larvae. Candidate vH24 is a member of a small family of genes that encode secretion signals and PP2C domains. It belongs to the fraction of genes in the HF genome previously predicted to encode effector proteins. Because PP2C proteins are not normally secreted, our results suggest that these are PP2C effectors that HF larvae inject into wheat cells to redirect, or interfere, with wheat signal transduction pathways. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Chaoyang; Shukle, Richard; Navarro-Escalante, Lucio; Stuart, Jeffrey J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shukle, Richard] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, Mingshun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Mingshun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Richards, Stephen] Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zhao, Chaoyang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Stuart, JJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM zhao.1369@osu.edu; shukle@purdue.edu; navarroe@purdue.edu; ming-shun.chen@ars.usda.gov; stephenr@bcm.edu; stuartjj@purdue.edu OI Zhao, Chaoyang/0000-0003-3378-3163 FU USDA-NIFA AFRI [2008-35302-18816, 2010-03741]; Fulbright-Colombia FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support for this work provided by USDA-NIFA AFRI Grants 2008-35302-18816 and 2010-03741 and a fellowship to JJS from Fulbright-Colombia. They also gratefully acknowledge technical support from Sue Cambron (USDA-ARS) and Andrew Katz. The authors also thank three anonymous reviewers who greatly improved the presentation. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 84 SI SI BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.10.001 PG 10 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA DD7MO UT WOS:000370108800004 PM 26439791 ER PT J AU Zinkgraf, MS Meneses, N Whitham, TG Allan, GJ AF Zinkgraf, Matthew S. Meneses, Nashelly Whitham, Thomas G. Allan, Gerard J. TI Genetic variation in NIN1 and C/VIF1 genes is significantly associated with Populus angustifolia resistance to a galling herbivore, Pemphigus betae SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Candidate gene mapping; Galling; Cascading community effects; Invertase; Nutrition hypothesis; Sink-source relations ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSE; HESSIAN FLY DIPTERA; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; INSECT HERBIVORES; NUTRITION HYPOTHESIS; STATISTICAL-METHOD; INVERTASE ACTIVITY; DNA POLYMORPHISM; BLACK COTTONWOOD AB The identification of genes associated with ecologically important traits provides information on the potential genetic mechanisms underlying the responses of an organism to its natural environment. In this study, we investigated the genetic basis of host plant resistance to the gall-inducing aphid, Pemphigus betae, in a natural population of 154 narrowleaf cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia). We surveyed genetic variation in two genes putatively involved in sink-source relations and a phenology gene that co-located in a previously identified quantitative trait locus for resistance to galling. Using a candidate gene approach, three major findings emerged. First, natural variation in tree resistance to galling was repeatable. Sampling of the same tree genotypes 20 years after the initial survey in 1986 show that 80% of the variation in resistance was due to genetic differences among individuals. Second, we identified significant associations at the single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype levels between the plant neutral invertase gene NIN1 and tree resistance. Invertases are a class of sucrose hydrolyzing enzymes and play an important role in plant responses to biotic stress, including the establishment of nutrient sinks. These associations with NIN1 were driven by a single nucleotide polymorphism (NIN1_664) located in the second intron of the gene and in an orthologous sequence to two known regulatory elements. Third, haplo-types from an inhibitor of invertase (C/VIF1) were significantly associated with tree resistance. The identification of genetic variation in these two genes provides a starting point to understand the possible genetic mechanisms that contribute to tree resistance to gall formation. We also build on previous work demonstrating that genetic differences in sink-source relationships of the host influence the ability of P. betae to manipulate the flow of nutrients and induce a nutrient sink. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zinkgraf, Matthew S.; Meneses, Nashelly; Whitham, Thomas G.; Allan, Gerard J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Environm Genet & Genom Lab EnGGen, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Whitham, Thomas G.; Allan, Gerard J.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Zinkgraf, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM mzinkgraf@gmail.com OI Zinkgraf, Matthew/0000-0002-7229-8016 FU NSF-FIBR Grant [DEB-045908]; NSF-PRFB Grant [IOS-1402064]; NSF Macrosystems [DEB-1340852]; Bureau of Reclamation Grant [04FC300039]; NIH [NIGMS R25-GM56931] FX The authors thank Luke Evans, Dave Smith and Arthur Keith for assistance in the field; Stephen DiFazio and Philip Service for critical comments on the manuscript; and Ellyce Eddy and Stephanie Grasso for assistance in the laboratory. We also thank the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources for access to the Weber River field sites; and the Ogden Nature Center for their hospitality. Our research was supported by several Grants; NSF-FIBR Grant (DEB-045908), NSF-PRFB Grant (IOS-1402064), NSF Macrosystems (DEB-1340852), Bureau of Reclamation Grant (04FC300039), and the NIH funded Minority Student Development (NIGMS R25-GM56931) program at Northern Arizona University. NR 92 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 84 SI SI BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.10.007 PG 10 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA DD7MO UT WOS:000370108800007 PM 26518288 ER PT J AU Miller, LC Crawford, KK Lager, KM Kellner, SG Brockmeier, SL AF Miller, Laura C. Crawford, Kimberly K. Lager, Kelly M. Kellner, Steven G. Brockmeier, Susan L. TI Evaluation of two real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) to assess PEDV transmission in growing pigs SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; swine ID RT-PCR; GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; DIFFERENTIAL DETECTION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; RAPID DETECTION; STRAINS; SAMPLES; QUANTIFICATION; VARIANT AB In April 2013, a Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) epidemic began in the United States. As part of the response, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays to detect PEDV were developed by several veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Our study evaluated RT-PCR PEDV assays that detect the N gene (gN) and S gene (gS) for their ability to detect PEDV infection and the transmission potential of pigs experimentally exposed to PEDV. Detection limits and quantification cycle (Cq) values of real-time RT-PCR were assayed for PEDV samples and positive controls for both gN and gS. The limit of detection for the gN assay was 10(-6) (mean Cq: 39.82 +/- 0.30) and 10(-5) (mean Cq: 39.39 +/- 0.72) for the gS assay with PEDV strain USA/Colorado/2013. Following recommended guidelines, rectal swabs (n = 1,064) were tested; 354 samples were positive by gN assay and 349 samples were positive by gS assay (Cq 34.99), 710 samples were negative by gN assay and 715 were negative by gS assay (Cq > 34.99) of which 355 and 344 were undetermined (i.e., undetected within a threshold of 40 RT-PCR cycles, by gN and gS assays, respectively). The coefficient of variation (intra-assay variation) ranged from 0.00% to 2.65% and interassay variation had an average of 2.75%. PEDV could be detected in rectal swabs from all pigs for similar to 2 weeks postinfection at which time the prevalence began to decrease until all pigs were RT-PCR negative by 5 weeks postinfection. Our study demonstrated that RT-PCR assays functioned well to detect PEDV and that the gN assay was slightly better. C1 [Miller, Laura C.; Crawford, Kimberly K.; Lager, Kelly M.; Kellner, Steven G.; Brockmeier, Susan L.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Miller, Laura C.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Miller, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA.; Miller, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM laura.miller@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service "Intervention Strategies to Control Viral Diseases of Swine" [5030-32000-108-00] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service "Intervention Strategies to Control Viral Diseases of Swine" (Appropriated 5030-32000-108-00). NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1177/1040638715621949 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DD5JB UT WOS:000369958400003 PM 26699519 ER PT J AU Slesak, RA Harrington, TB D'Amato, AW AF Slesak, Robert A. Harrington, Timothy B. D'Amato, Anthony W. TI Invasive scotch broom alters soil chemical properties in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Cytisus scoparius; Hedley sequential fractionation; Forest soils; Invasive species effects on soils; Soil phosphorus ID SHRUB CYTISUS-SCOPARIUS; PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; P-FRACTIONS; NITROGEN; GROWTH; VEGETATION; FERTILIZATION; PLANTATIONS; COMPETITION; LIMITATION AB Scotch broom is an N-fixing invasive species that has high potential to alter soil properties. We compared soil from areas of Scotch broom invasion with nearby areas that had no evidence of invasion to assess the influence of broom on soil P fractions and other chemical properties. The study was conducted at two contrasting Douglas-fir sites in Oregon (OR) and Washington (WA), USA with broom invasion for 10 years. We used the Hedley sequential fractionation procedure to assess effects of Scotch broom invasion on P pools of varying bioavailability, and also measured total C, N and extractable nutrient cations. Total soil C and N were significantly higher with broom present at the fine-textured OR site, but there was no effect at the coarse-textured WA site. There was no difference in labile-P measures between the presence and absence of Scotch broom at either site, but there were notable reductions (25-30 %) in the intermediately-available P fraction when broom was present. Extractable nutrient cations (notably K) were lower in the presence of broom at both sites, with the effects most pronounced at the fine-textured OR site. Lasting effects of Scotch broom invasion are likely to be associated with variable changes in soil C, N, and decreases in extractable nutrients and available P. These changes, and other documented effects of Scotch broom on soil, are likely to have lasting effects on Douglas-fir growth after Scotch broom removal that will vary depending soil nutrient status at a given site. C1 [Slesak, Robert A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Slesak, Robert A.] Minnesota Forest Resources Council, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Harrington, Timothy B.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave Southwest, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Slesak, RA (reprint author), Minnesota Forest Resources Council, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM raslesak@umn.edu FU USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative-Controlling Weedy and Invasive Plants program; USDA Forest Service-Pacific Northwest Research Station; University of Minnesota FX This work was funded by the USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative-Controlling Weedy and Invasive Plants program, the USDA Forest Service-Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the University of Minnesota. We are grateful to Randall Greggs of Green Diamond Resource Company and Mike Warjone of Port Blakely Tree Farms LLC for logistical support and access to the study sites. Special thanks are given to James Dollins and Dave Peter for assisting with field sampling and study establishment, and to Stephen Schoenholtz and Daniel DeBruler for conducting the laboratory analyses. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2016 VL 398 IS 1-2 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s11104-015-2662-7 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA DB5JP UT WOS:000368550700021 ER PT J AU De Kok, LJ Grantz, DA Burkey, KO AF De Kok, L. J. Grantz, D. A. Burkey, K. O. TI Plants and the changing environment SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [De Kok, L. J.] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci, Lab Plant Physiol, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. [Grantz, D. A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Burkey, K. O.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Plant Sci Res, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP De Kok, LJ (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci, Lab Plant Physiol, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands.; Grantz, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Parlier, CA 93648 USA.; Burkey, KO (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Plant Sci Res, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM l.j.de.kok@rug.nl; dagrantz@ucanr.edu; kent.burkey@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1435-8603 EI 1438-8677 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 18 SU 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1111/plb.12413 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DD5OO UT WOS:000369973800001 PM 26769096 ER PT J AU Chappelka, AH Grulke, NE AF Chappelka, A. H. Grulke, N. E. TI Disruption of the 'disease triangle' by chemical and physical environmental change SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Climate change; disease triangle; plant pests; tree diseases; tropospheric ozone ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLINGS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; UNITED-STATES; AIR-POLLUTION; ROOT-DISEASE; SCOTS PINE; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK AB The physical and chemical environment of the Earth has changed rapidly over the last 100 years and is predicted to continue to change into the foreseeable future. One of the main concerns with potential alterations in climate is the propensity for increases in the magnitude and frequency of extremes to occur. Even though precipitation is predicted to increase in some locations, in others precipitation is expected to decrease and evapotranspiration increase with air temperature, resulting in exacerbated drought in the future. Chemical [ozone (O-3) and other air contaminants] and subsequent physical alterations in the environment will have a profound effect on the 'disease triangle' (a favourable environment, a susceptible host and a virulent pathogen) and should be included in any analysis of biological response to climate change. The chemical and physical environment affects plant health and alters plant susceptibility to insect and pathogen attack through increased frequency, duration and severity of drought and reduction in host vigour. The potential effects of climate change and O3 on tree diseases with emphasis on the western United States are discussed. We describe a generalised modelling approach to incorporate the complexities of the 'disease triangle' into dynamic vegetation models. C1 [Chappelka, A. H.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Grulke, N. E.] USDA ARS, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Prineville, OR USA. RP Chappelka, AH (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM chappah@auburn.edu FU Western Wildlands Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station FX The authors wish to thank Karl Marrett and Ron Neilson for brainstorming on the modelling approach. Partial support for this work was provided to Art Chappelka by the Western Wildlands Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their care in improving this manuscript. This manuscript represents the views of the authors solely and does not represent those of any government agency. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1435-8603 EI 1438-8677 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 18 SU 1 SI SI BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1111/plb.12353 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DD5OO UT WOS:000369973800002 PM 26012894 ER PT J AU Chutteang, C Booker, FL Na-Ngern, P Burton, A Aoki, M Burkey, KO AF Chutteang, C. Booker, F. L. Na-Ngern, P. Burton, A. Aoki, M. Burkey, K. O. TI Biochemical and physiological processes associated with the differential ozone response in ozone-tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypes SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidants; ethylene; ozone tolerance; peroxidases; photosynthesis; soybean ID INDUCED CELL-DEATH; MAX L MERR; GENE-EXPRESSION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GAS-EXCHANGE; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; ASCORBATE; TOBACCO; INJURY AB Biochemical and physiological traits of two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes differing in sensitivity to ozone (O-3) were investigated to determine the possible basis for the differential response. Fiskeby III (O-3-tolerant) and Mandarin (Ottawa) (O-3-sensitive) were grown in a greenhouse with charcoal-filtered air for 4 weeks, then treated with O-3 for 7 h . day(-1) in greenhouse chambers. Mandarin (Ottawa) showed significantly more leaf injury and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O-2(-)) production compared with Fiskeby III. Peroxidase activity in Mandarin (Ottawa) was 31% higher with O-3 but was not significantly different in Fiskeby III. Ozone did not affect superoxide dismutase or glutathione reductase activities, or leaf concentrations of glutathione or ascorbic acid. Thus, variation in O-3 response between Fiskeby III and Mandarin (Ottawa) was not explained by differences in antioxidant enzymes and metabolites tested. Ethylene emission from leaves declined in Fiskeby III following O-3 exposure but not in Mandarin (Ottawa). Ozone exposure reduced quantum yield (Phi(PSII)), electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching (q(p)) in Mandarin (Ottawa) more than in Fiskeby III, indicating that efficiency of energy conversion of PSII and photosynthetic electron transport was altered differently in the two genotypes. Short-term exposure to O-3 had minimal effects on net carbon exchange rates of both soybean cultivars. A trend toward higher stomatal conductance in Mandarin (Ottawa) suggested stomatal exclusion might contribute to differential O-3 sensitivity of the two genotypes. Increased sensitivity of Mandarin (Ottawa) to O-3 was associated with higher H2O2 and O-2(-) production compared with Fiskeby III, possibly associated with genotype differences in stomatal function or regulation of ethylene during the initial phases of O-3 response. C1 [Chutteang, C.] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agr Kamphaeng Saen, Dept Agron, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. [Booker, F. L.; Burton, A.; Burkey, K. O.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Booker, F. L.; Burton, A.; Burkey, K. O.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Na-Ngern, P.] Petr Author Thailand Publ Co Ltd, Sustainabil Management Project, Bangkok, Thailand. [Aoki, M.] Cabinet Off Japan Roppongi, Sci Council Japan, Minato Ku, Tokyo, Japan. RP Burkey, KO (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.; Burkey, KO (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM kent.burkey@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1435-8603 EI 1438-8677 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 18 SU 1 SI SI BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1111/plb.12347 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DD5OO UT WOS:000369973800005 PM 25959717 ER PT J AU Grantz, DA Paudel, R Vu, HB Shrestha, A Grulke, N AF Grantz, D. A. Paudel, R. Vu, H. -B. Shrestha, A. Grulke, N. TI Diel trends in stomatal response to ozone and water deficit: a unique relationship of midday values to growth and allometry in Pima cotton? SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allometry; climate change; cotton; gas exchange; Gossypium barbadense; ozone; stomatal response ID DIFFERENTIALLY IRRIGATED COTTON; SEASON SOYBEAN CULTIVARS; SOIL-MOISTURE STRESS; YIELD RESPONSES; AMBIENT OZONE; ELEVATED CO2; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT AB Plant responses to ozone (O-3) and water deficit (WD) are commonly observed, although less is known about their interaction. Stomatal conductance (g(s)) is both an impact of these stressors and a protective response to them. Stomatal closure reduces inward flux of O-3 and outward flux of water. Stomatal measurements are generally obtained at midday when gas exchange is maximal, but these may not be adequate surrogates for stomatal responses observed at other times of day, nor for non-stomatal responses. Here, we find in Pima cotton that stomatal responses to O-3 observed at midday do not reflect responses at other times. Stomata were more responsive to O-3 and WD near midday, despite being at quasi-steady state, than during periods of active opening or closing in morning or evening. Stomatal responsivity to O-3 was not coincident with maximum gas exchange or with periods of active regulation, but coincident with plant sensitivity to O-3 previously determined in this cultivar. Responses of pigmentation and shoot productivity were more closely related to stomatal responses at midday than to responses at other times of day under well-watered (WW) conditions, reflecting higher stomatal responsivity, sensitivity to O-3, and magnitude of midday gs. Under WD conditions, shoot responses were more closely related to early morning gs. Root responses were more closely related to early morning gs under both WW and WD. Responses of stomata to O-3 at midday were not good surrogates for stomatal responses early or late in the day, and may not adequately predicting O-3 flux under WD or when maximum ambient concentrations do not occur near midday. C1 [Grantz, D. A.; Vu, H. -B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Paudel, R.; Shrestha, A.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Plant Sci, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Grulke, N.] Forest Serv, USDA, Prineville, OR USA. RP Grantz, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dagrantz@ucanr.edu FU University of California at Riverside Research Allocation Process; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service [AG-04T0-P-13-0052]; California State University at Fresno, Harvey Scholarship-Jordan Assistantship FX This research was supported in part by the University of California at Riverside Research Allocation Process, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service through Cooperative Agreement Order AG-04T0-P-13-0052, and a California State University at Fresno, Harvey Scholarship-Jordan Assistantship awarded to R.P. NR 98 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1435-8603 EI 1438-8677 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 18 SU 1 SI SI BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1111/plb.12355 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DD5OO UT WOS:000369973800006 PM 26031549 ER PT J AU Hallenborg, P Petersen, RK Kouskoumvekaki, I Newman, JW Madsen, L Kristiansen, K AF Hallenborg, Philip Petersen, Rasmus K. Kouskoumvekaki, Irene Newman, John W. Madsen, Lise Kristiansen, Karsten TI The elusive endogenous adipogenic PPAR gamma agonists: Lining up the suspects SO PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE PPAR gamma; Adipogenesis; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Cyclooxygenases; Lipoxygenases; Reactive oxygen species ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR; INHIBITS ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; CELL-DERIVED ADIPOCYTES; 3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; DOMINANT-NEGATIVE MUTATIONS; MITOTIC CLONAL EXPANSION; PROSTAGLANDIN F-2 ALPHA; LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is the key decisive factor controlling the development of adipocytes. Ligand-mediated activation of PPAR gamma occurs early during adipogenesis and is thought to prime adipose conversion. Although several fatty acids and their derivatives are known to bind to and activate PPAR gamma, the identity of the ligand(s) responsible for initiating adipocyte differentiation is still a matter of debate. Here we review recent data on pathways involved in ligand production as well as possible endogenous, adipogenic PPAR gamma agonists. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hallenborg, Philip; Petersen, Rasmus K.; Madsen, Lise; Kristiansen, Karsten] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Lab Genom & Mol Biomed, Univ Pk 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Hallenborg, Philip] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Biochem, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. [Kouskoumvekaki, Irene] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Syst Biol, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. [Newman, John W.] USDA ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Newman, John W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95695 USA. [Madsen, Lise] Natl Inst Nutr & Seafood Res, Postboks 2029, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP Kristiansen, K (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Lab Genom & Mol Biomed, Univ Pk 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. EM kk@bio.ku.dk RI Madsen, Lise/C-6246-2012; OI Madsen, Lise/0000-0003-4468-1947; Kouskoumvekaki, Irene/0000-0003-2333-8453 FU Danish Natural Science Research Council [0602-00605B]; Villum Foundation; Novo Nordisk Foundation; Lundbeck Foundation; Carlsberg Foundation [2012_01_0584]; EU FP7 project DIABAT [HEALTH-F2-2011-278373]; United States Department of Agriculture intramural project [2032-51530-022-00D] FX This work was supported by the Danish Natural Science Research Council (0602-00605B), the Villum Foundation, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Lundbeck Foundation and the Carlsberg Foundation (2012_01_0584). This work was further supported by the EU FP7 project DIABAT (HEALTH-F2-2011-278373) and United States Department of Agriculture intramural project 2032-51530-022-00D. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. NR 212 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0163-7827 J9 PROG LIPID RES JI Prog. Lipid Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.11.002 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA DD7HR UT WOS:000370094800011 PM 26703188 ER PT J AU Barbosa, JM Asner, GP Martin, RE Baldeck, CA Hughes, F Johnson, T AF Barbosa, Jomar M. Asner, Gregory P. Martin, Roberta E. Baldeck, Claire A. Hughes, Flint Johnson, Tracy TI Determining Subcanopy Psidium cattleianum Invasion in Hawaiian Forests Using Imaging Spectroscopy SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE invasive species; strawberry guava; single-class classification; mixture tuned matched filtering; biased support vector machine; Carnegie Airborne Observatory ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; RAIN-FORESTS; ENDMEMBER VARIABILITY; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; LEAFY SPURGE; PLANT COVER; DISCRIMINATION; CLASSIFICATIONS; DIVERSITY; MACHINES AB High-resolution airborne imaging spectroscopy represents a promising avenue for mapping the spread of invasive tree species through native forests, but for this technology to be useful to forest managers there are two main technical challenges that must be addressed: (1) mapping a single focal species amongst a diverse array of other tree species; and (2) detecting early outbreaks of invasive plant species that are often hidden beneath the forest canopy. To address these challenges, we investigated the performance of two single-class classification frameworksBiased Support Vector Machine (BSVM) and Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF)to estimate the degree of Psidium cattleianum incidence over a range of forest vertical strata (relative canopy density). We demonstrate that both BSVM and MTMF have the ability to detect relative canopy density of a single focal plant species in a vertically stratified forest, but they differ in the degree of user input required. Our results suggest BSVM as a promising method to disentangle spectrally-mixed classifications, as this approach generates decision values from a similarity function (kernel), which optimizes complex comparisons between classes using a dynamic machine learning process. C1 [Barbosa, Jomar M.; Asner, Gregory P.; Martin, Roberta E.; Baldeck, Claire A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hughes, Flint; Johnson, Tracy] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Barbosa, JM (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jbarbosa@carnegiescience.edu; gpa@carnegiescience.edu; rmartin@carnegiescience.edu; cabaldeck@gmail.com; fhughes@fs.fed.us; tracyjohnson@fs.fed.us OI Barbosa, Jomar Magalhaes/0000-0001-7869-5533 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; USDA [2014-67013-21603]; William Hearst III; Carnegie Institution for Science FX This study was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and a grant from the USDA 2014-67013-21603. Carnegie Airborne Observatory data collection and mapping was funded privately by the William Hearst III and the Carnegie Institution for Science. The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is made possible by the Avatar Alliance Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, W. M. Keck Foundation, Margaret A. Cargill Foundation, Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, Mary Anne Nyburg Baker and G. Leonard Baker Jr., and William R. Hearst III. All authors agree with the contents of the manuscript and its submission to the journal. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 20 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 33 DI 10.3390/rs8010033 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8UF UT WOS:000369494500013 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Lu, DS Keller, M dos-Santos, MN Bolfe, EL Feng, YY Wang, CW AF Chen, Qi Lu, Dengsheng Keller, Michael dos-Santos, Maiza Nara Bolfe, Edson Luis Feng, Yunyun Wang, Changwei TI Modeling and Mapping Agroforestry Aboveground Biomass in the Brazilian Amazon Using Airborne Lidar Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; aboveground biomass; lidar; mixed-effects models; allometry; wood density ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; AFRICAN TROPICAL FOREST; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; BOREAL FOREST; SYSTEMS; UNCERTAINTY; LANDSCAPE; SCALE; VEGETATION; PROJECT AB Agroforestry has large potential for carbon (C) sequestration while providing many economical, social, and ecological benefits via its diversified products. Airborne lidar is considered as the most accurate technology for mapping aboveground biomass (AGB) over landscape levels. However, little research in the past has been done to study AGB of agroforestry systems using airborne lidar data. Focusing on an agroforestry system in the Brazilian Amazon, this study first predicted plot-level AGB using fixed-effects regression models that assumed the regression coefficients to be constants. The model prediction errors were then analyzed from the perspectives of tree DBH (diameter at breast height)height relationships and plot-level wood density, which suggested the need for stratifying agroforestry fields to improve plot-level AGB modeling. We separated teak plantations from other agroforestry types and predicted AGB using mixed-effects models that can incorporate the variation of AGB-height relationship across agroforestry types. We found that, at the plot scale, mixed-effects models led to better model prediction performance (based on leave-one-out cross-validation) than the fixed-effects models, with the coefficient of determination (R-2) increasing from 0.38 to 0.64. At the landscape level, the difference between AGB densities from the two types of models was similar to 10% on average and up to similar to 30% at the pixel level. This study suggested the importance of stratification based on tree AGB allometry and the utility of mixed-effects models in modeling and mapping AGB of agroforestry systems. C1 [Chen, Qi; Lu, Dengsheng; Feng, Yunyun] Zhejiang A&F Univ, Sch Environm & Resource Sci, Key Lab Carbon Cycling Forest Ecosyst & Carbon Se, Lin An 311300, Peoples R China. [Chen, Qi; Wang, Changwei] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lu, Dengsheng] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Keller, Michael; dos-Santos, Maiza Nara; Bolfe, Edson Luis] Brazilian Agr Res Corp Embrapa, BR-13070115 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Keller, Michael] USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Lu, DS (reprint author), Zhejiang A&F Univ, Sch Environm & Resource Sci, Key Lab Carbon Cycling Forest Ecosyst & Carbon Se, Lin An 311300, Peoples R China.; Lu, DS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM qichen@hawaii.edu; luds@zafu.edu.cn; mkeller.co2@gmail.com; changwei_wang@scau.edu.cn RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 FU China's National Natural Science Foundation [41571411]; Zhejiang A&F University's Research and Development Fund [2013FR052]; CNPq LBA; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA); US Forest Service; USAID; US Department of State FX This study was financially supported by the China's National Natural Science Foundation (No# 41571411) and the Zhejiang A&F University's Research and Development Fund for the talent startup project (No# 2013FR052). Keller, dos-Santos, and Bolfe acknowledge the support from CNPq LBA. Data were acquired by the Sustainable Landscapes Brazil project supported by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), the US Forest Service, and USAID, and the US Department of State. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 18 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 21 DI 10.3390/rs8010021 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8US UT WOS:000369495800024 ER PT J AU Yang, GJ Weng, QH Pu, RL Gao, F Sun, CH Li, H Zhao, CJ AF Yang, Guijun Weng, Qihao Pu, Ruiliang Gao, Feng Sun, Chenhong Li, Hua Zhao, Chunjiang TI Evaluation of ASTER-Like Daily Land Surface Temperature by Fusing ASTER and MODIS Data during the HiWATER-MUSOEXE SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ESTARFM; ASTER; MODIS; land surface temperature; evaluation ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; BLENDING LANDSAT; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; DISAGGREGATION; REFINEMENTS; VALIDATION AB Land surface temperature (LST) is an important parameter that is highly responsive to surface energy fluxes and has become valuable to many disciplines. However, it is difficult to acquire satellite LSTs with both high spatial and temporal resolutions due to tradeoffs between them. Thus, various algorithms/models have been developed to enhance the spatial or the temporal resolution of thermal infrared (TIR) data or LST, but rarely both. The Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) is the widely-used data fusion algorithm for Landsat and MODIS imagery to produce Landsat-like surface reflectance. In order to extend the STARFM application over heterogeneous areas, an enhanced STARFM (ESTARFM) approach was proposed by introducing a conversion coefficient and the spectral unmixing theory. The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the ESTARFM algorithm for generating ASTER-like daily LST by three approaches: simulated data, ground measurements and remote sensing products, respectively. The datasets of LST ground measurements, MODIS, and ASTER images were collected in an arid region of Northwest China during the first thematic HiWATER-Multi-Scale Observation Experiment on Evapotranspiration (MUSOEXE) over heterogeneous land surfaces in 2012 from May to September. Firstly, the results of the simulation test indicated that ESTARFM could accurately predict background with temperature variations, even coordinating with small ground objects and linear ground objects. Secondly, four temporal ASTER and MODIS data fusion LSTs (i.e., predicted ASTER-like LST products) were highly consistent with ASTER LST products. Here, the four correlation coefficients were greater than 0.92, root mean square error (RMSE) reached about 2 K and mean absolute error (MAE) ranged from 1.32 K to 1.73 K. Finally, the results of the ground measurement validation indicated that the overall accuracy was high (R-2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.77 K), and the ESTARFM algorithm is a highly recommended method to assemble time series images at ASTER spatial resolution and MODIS temporal resolution due to LST estimation error less than 1 K. However, the ESTARFM method is also limited in predicting LST changes that have not been recorded in MODIS and/or ASTER pixels. C1 [Yang, Guijun; Sun, Chenhong; Zhao, Chunjiang] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Beijing Res Ctr Informat Technol Agr, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Weng, Qihao] S China Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Weng, Qihao] Indiana State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Syst, Ctr Urban & Environm Change, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Pu, Ruiliang] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Gao, Feng] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100010, Peoples R China. RP Yang, GJ (reprint author), Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Beijing Res Ctr Informat Technol Agr, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. EM guijun.yang@163.com; qweng@indstate.edu; rpu@usf.edu; feng.gao@ars.usda.gov; sunch@163.com; lihua@irsa.ac.cn; zhaocj@nercita.org.cn RI rslab, hiwater/O-7037-2015; OI Weng, Qihao/0000-0002-2498-0934 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41271345]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation [4141001]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2013AA102303]; Special Funds for Technology innovation capacity building - Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences [KJCX20140417] FX This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (41271345), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (4141001), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2013AA102303) and the Special Funds for Technology innovation capacity building sponsored by the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (KJCX20140417). We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and recommendations. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 28 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR UNSP 75 DI 10.3390/rs8010075 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8UF UT WOS:000369494500001 ER PT J AU Sawhney, P Reynolds, M Allen, C Slopek, R Condon, B AF Sawhney, Paul Reynolds, Michael Allen, Chuck Slopek, Ryan Condon, Brian TI Progressive and cumulative fabric effects of multiple hydroentangling impacts at different water pressures on greige cotton substrate SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE greige cotton lint substrate; high (hydroentangling) water pressure; multiple hydroentanglements (impacts); calculated hydro energy; nonwoven fabrics; fabric properties AB A three-part practical study was conducted on a commercial-grade hydroentanglement system to determine the progressive and cumulative fabric effects of multiple hydroentangling impacts at three different high (hydroentangling) water pressures (HWPs) on classical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabrics made with a substrate of commercially cleaned greige cotton lint. In the first part of the study, the progressive and cumulative effects of a series of four hydroentangling passes (equal to eight hydroentangling exposures or impacts) were studied at a relatively low HWP of 65 bars. In the second and third parts, the progressive and cumulative effects of multiple hydroentanglements at relatively higher HWP(s) of 90 bars and 130 bars were studied. The hydroentangling energy required for the various fabrics (made with the different HWPs and number of hydroentangling passes or impacts) was calculated to assess the overall impact of the energy on the fabric properties. The study has shown that each successive hydroentangling pass and each elevated HWP generally resulted in decreased fabric weight, thickness and air permeability and increased fabric whiteness and water absorbency. The tensile properties of the fabrics, in both the machine direction (MD) and the cross direction (CD), generally increased progressively with each successive hydroentangling pass at the low HWP of 65 bars, but this trend, especially in the CD, was not pronounced at the HWPs of 90 bars and 130 bars, perhaps indicating the attainment of optimum hydroentanglements and hence of tensile properties in the first pass alone at the higher HWPs. The hydro energy imparted to formation of the various fabrics made with the above stated process parameters of interest have shown that the two or four passes of the substrate at the low 65-bar HWP required less energy and yielded greater fabric absorbency compared to the one or two passes of the substrate at (twice) the HWP of 130 bars. On the other hand, only one pass of the substrate at 90 bars and 130 bars yielded greater tensile strength with reduced energy requirement, compared to the four passes at 65 bars. These results show that, depending on the required or preferred fabric properties, the stated hydroentangling process parameters can be considerably manipulated to achieve efficient hydroentanglement and improved energy efficiency. C1 [Sawhney, Paul; Reynolds, Michael; Allen, Chuck; Slopek, Ryan; Condon, Brian] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Sawhney, P (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ap.singh@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture [6435-41000-094-00D] FX The authors thank the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture for providing the necessary support for the research conducted under the In-House Project No. 6435-41000-094-00D. They would also like to thank their coworkers, Lucien Duplessis, Adrian Mejia, Pablo Salame, and Farrell Screen, for their significant "hands on" assistance in conducting the various fiber and fabric processing tasks involved in the research presented here. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 EI 1746-7748 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 86 IS 2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1177/0040517515580517 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA DD5WS UT WOS:000369996000004 ER PT J AU Nam, S Slopek, R Wolf, D Warnock, M Condon, BD Sawhney, P Gbur, E Reynolds, M Allen, C AF Nam, Sunghyun Slopek, Ryan Wolf, Duane Warnock, Mary Condon, Brian D. Sawhney, Paul Gbur, Edward Reynolds, Michael Allen, Chuck TI Comparison of biodegradation of low-weight hydroentangled raw cotton nonwoven fabric and that of commonly used disposable nonwoven fabrics in aerobic Captina silt loam soil SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydroentangled nonwoven; biodegradation; first-order kinetics; raw cotton; wipes ID DEGRADATION; CELLULOSE; TEXTILES; FIBERS; TEMPERATURE; POLYLACTIDE AB The increasing use of synthetic disposable nonwoven products generates a large amount of non-biodegradable solid waste. In an effort to enhance the use of raw cotton in nonwoven wipes applications, this study compares the biodegradation of low-weight nonwoven fabrics (around 50 g/m(2)) made of mechanically pre-cleaned raw cotton, rayon, polypropylene (PP), and polylactic acid (PLA) in a Captina silt loam soil. The biodegradation rates of raw cotton and rayon fabrics were fitted to the first-order kinetics model with half-life values of 12.6 and 7.6 days, respectively. The slightly faster disintegration of cellulose structure for rayon was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra, and distinct morphological changes in the fiber (cracks and breakage were prevalent in raw cotton, whereas the thinning and merging of fibers occurred in rayon) were observed during their biodegradation. PLA and PP nonwoven fabrics exhibited no weight loss during the burial periods studied, but showed some evidence of oxidation in ATR-FTIR spectra. The breaking and burst strengths of PLA fabric decreased by 45% and 23% of the original strengths, respectively, while neither significantly decreased in PP fabric. The results suggest that mixing raw cotton or rayon low-weight nonwoven wastes with surface soil provides an alternative disposal method, but this land application could not be recommended for PLA and PP nonwoven wastes. C1 [Nam, Sunghyun; Slopek, Ryan; Condon, Brian D.; Sawhney, Paul; Reynolds, Michael; Allen, Chuck] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Wolf, Duane; Warnock, Mary; Gbur, Edward] Univ Arkansas, Dale Bumpers Coll Agr Food & Life Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Condon, BD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM brian.condon@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 EI 1746-7748 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 86 IS 2 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1177/0040517514551468 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA DD5WS UT WOS:000369996000005 ER PT J AU Dumlupinar, Z Jellen, EN Bonman, JM Jackson, EW AF Dumlupinar, Ziya Jellen, Eric N. Bonman, J. Michael Jackson, Eric W. TI Genetic diversity and crown rust resistance of oat landraces from various locations throughout Turkey SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Crown rust; geographical distribution; landraces; microsatellites; oat; population structure ID AVENA-SATIVA L.; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PUCCINIA-CORONATA; AFLP MARKERS; CULTIVARS; WHEAT; SSR AB A diversity study was carried out to genetically characterize 375 oat landraces (Avena sativa L. and Avena byzantina K. Koch) collected from Turkey and preserved in different gene banks. New assays interrogating oat-based microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism loci were used to characterize the landraces. The assays interrogated 176 alleles at 68 loci with an average of 4.5 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content of the simple sequence repeats was relatively high with a mean value of 0.76. The first two principal components from the principal component analysis (PCA) separated two groups of accessions and explained 9.3% of the variation in the marker data. When the accessions were divided into two groups based on the first two principal components, the geographic origin matched well with the PCA grouping. Similarly, when classified by plant growth habit, the spring types originated mostly from the highlands of East Anatolia and from inner Anatolia. A heat map constructed based on marker data corresponded to province of origins of the landraces. The landraces with the geographical information are clustered into three major groups based on growth habit: winter, spring, or facultative. Population structure analysis also detected two subpopulations based on allele frequency and indicated a similar grouping with diversity analysis. Crown rust suggested that most of the lines did not contain major resistance genes. Of the landraces tested, only one (TL214) was considered resistant. Overall, this study has provided genetic characterization of unique germplasm from the center of oat domestication, which will be useful to oat breeding programs. C1 [Dumlupinar, Ziya] Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. [Jellen, Eric N.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Bonman, J. Michael] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Jackson, Eric W.] Wheat Innovat Ctr, Gen Mills Crop Biosci, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Dumlupinar, Z (reprint author), Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. EM zdumlupinar@ksu.edu.tr NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY PI ANKARA PA ATATURK BULVARI NO 221, KAVAKLIDERE, ANKARA, 00000, TURKEY SN 1300-011X EI 1303-6173 J9 TURK J AGRIC FOR JI Turk. J. Agric. For. PY 2016 VL 40 IS 2 BP 262 EP + DI 10.3906/tar-1509-43 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA DD1XA UT WOS:000369715200015 ER PT J AU Moura, VMBD Susta, L Cardenas-Garcia, S Stanton, JB Miller, PJ Afonso, CL Brown, CC AF Moura, V. M. B. D. Susta, L. Cardenas-Garcia, S. Stanton, J. B. Miller, P. J. Afonso, C. L. Brown, C. C. TI Neuropathogenic Capacity of Lentogenic, Mesogenic, and Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strains in Day-Old Chickens SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease; APMV-1; brain; histopathology; immunohistochemistry; neuropathogenesis; ICPI; chicken ID CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; DOMESTIC CHICKENS; PATHOGENESIS; VIRULENCE; PATHOGENICITY; EFFICACY; CLEAVAGE; AMERICA AB Strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) have different abilities to elicit neurologic signs. To determine the capacity of different NDV strains to replicate and cause lesions in the brain, independently of their peripheral replication, 1-day-old chickens were inoculated in the subdural space with 7 NDV strains of different virulence (4 velogenic, 2 mesogenic, 1 lentogenic). Velogenic strains induced severe necrotizing and heterophilic ventriculitis and meningitis, as well as edema of the neuroparenchyma, and replicated extensively in the nervous tissue by day 2 postinfection, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, when all infected birds died. Clinical signs, microscopic lesions, and viral replication were delayed (days 3 and 4 postinfection) with mesogenic strains. Velogenic and mesogenic NDV strains replicated mainly in neurons, and immunolabeling was first detected in surface-oriented areas (peri-ventricular and submeningeal), possibly as a reflection of the inoculation route. The lentogenic NDV strain did not cause death of infected birds; replication was confined to the epithelium of the ependyma and choroid plexuses; and lesions consisted of lymphoid aggregates limited to the choroid plexuses. Results show that extensive NDV replication in the brain is typical of velogenic and mesogenic, but not lentogenic, NDV strains. In addition, this study suggests that differences in the rate of NDV replication in nervous tissue, not differences in neurotropism, differentiate velogenic from mesogenic NDV strains. This study indicates that intracerebral inoculation might be used as an effective method to study the mechanisms of NDV neuropathogenesis. C1 [Moura, V. M. B. D.] Univ Fed Goias, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Anim Pathol, Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Susta, L.; Cardenas-Garcia, S.; Miller, P. J.; Afonso, C. L.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Susta, L.] Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Moura, V. M. B. D.; Stanton, J. B.; Brown, C. C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA USA. RP Moura, VMBD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM claudio.afonso@ars.usda.gov RI Stanton, James/A-5277-2011 OI Stanton, James/0000-0002-7661-2631 FU Agricultural Research Service and Current Research Information System of the US Department of Agriculture [6040-32000-064]; scholarship from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Federal University of Goias, Brazil FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by the Agricultural Research Service and Current Research Information System of the US Department of Agriculture (6040-32000-064). V.M.B.D.M. was supported by a scholarship from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) and by the Federal University of Goias, Brazil. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1177/0300985815600504 PG 12 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA DD0SM UT WOS:000369629800007 PM 26395462 ER PT J AU Formetta, G Capparelli, G David, O Green, TR Rigon, R AF Formetta, Giuseppe Capparelli, Giovanna David, Olaf Green, Timothy R. Rigon, Riccardo TI Integration of a Three-Dimensional Process-Based Hydrological Model into the Object Modeling System SO WATER LA English DT Article DE watershed model; environmental modeling framework; automatic calibration; software integration ID JGRASS-NEWAGE SYSTEM; DISTRIBUTED MODEL; FRAMEWORK; ENERGY; BUDGETS; BASIN; WATER; TIME; FLOW; TERRAIN AB The integration of a spatial process model into an environmental modeling framework can enhance the model's capabilities. This paper describes a general methodology for integrating environmental models into the Object Modeling System (OMS) regardless of the model's complexity, the programming language, and the operating system used. We present the integration of the GEOtop model into the OMS version 3.0 and illustrate its application in a small watershed. OMS is an environmental modeling framework that facilitates model development, calibration, evaluation, and maintenance. It provides innovative techniques in software design such as multithreading, implicit parallelism, calibration and sensitivity analysis algorithms, and cloud-services. GEOtop is a physically based, spatially distributed rainfall-runoff model that performs three-dimensional finite volume calculations of water and energy budgets. Executing GEOtop as an OMS model component allows it to: (1) interact directly with the open-source geographical information system (GIS) uDig-JGrass to access geo-processing, visualization, and other modeling components; and (2) use OMS components for automatic calibration, sensitivity analysis, or meteorological data interpolation. A case study of the model in a semi-arid agricultural catchment is presented for illustration and proof-of-concept. Simulated soil water content and soil temperature results are compared with measured data, and model performance is evaluated using goodness-of-fit indices. This study serves as a template for future integration of process models into OMS. C1 [Formetta, Giuseppe] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 14th St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Capparelli, Giovanna] Univ Calabria, Dept Informat Modeling Elect & Syst Engn, Arcavacata Campus, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [David, Olaf] Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Green, Timothy R.] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rigon, Riccardo] Univ Trento, Dept Civil Environm & Mech Engn, I-38123 Trento, Italy. RP Formetta, G (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 14th St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM formetta@mines.edu; giovanna.capparelli@unical.it; odavid@colostate.edu; tim.green@ars.usda.gov; riccardo.rigon@ing.unitn.it RI Rigon, Riccardo/B-5395-2008; Formetta, Giuseppe/A-2905-2015 OI Rigon, Riccardo/0000-0002-7668-5806; Formetta, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0252-1462 FU Ambito/Settore AMBIENTE E SICUREZZA project [PON01_01503] FX This research was supported by the Ambito/Settore AMBIENTE E SICUREZZA (PON01_01503) project. Our special thanks go to Luis Garcia of the University of Vermont, formerly Head of the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering at Colorado State University. Rob Erskine, USDA-ARS, assisted with collection and processing of the field data. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.3390/w8010012 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DC9AO UT WOS:000369512800012 ER PT J AU Haukisalmi, V Hardman, LM Fedorov, VB Hoberg, EP Henttonen, H AF Haukisalmi, Voitto Hardman, Lotta M. Fedorov, Vadim B. Hoberg, Eric P. Henttonen, Heikki TI Molecular systematics and Holarctic phylogeography of cestodes of the genus Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 s. s. (Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae) in lemmings (Lemmus, Synaptomys) SO ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; VOLE MICROTUS-OECONOMUS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; TAPEWORMS PLATYHELMINTHES; PARASITE DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE DATA; PHYLOGENY; ARVICOLINAE; HOST; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB The present molecular systematic and phylogeographic analysis is based on sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) (mtDNA) and 28S ribosomal DNA and includes 59 isolates of cestodes of the genus Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 s. s. (Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae) from arvicoline rodents (lemmings and voles) in the Holarctic region. The emphasis is on Anoplocephaloides lemmi (Rausch 1952) parasitizing Lemmus trimucronatus and Lemmus sibiricus in the northern parts of North America and Arctic coast of Siberia, and Anoplocephaloides kontrimavichusi (Rausch 1976) parasitizing Synaptomys borealis in Alaska and British Columbia. The cox1 data, 28S data and their concatenated data all suggest that A. lemmi and A. kontrimavichusi are both non-monophyletic, each consisting of two separate, well-defined clades, that is independent species. As an example, the sister group of the clade 1 of A. lemmi, evidently representing the 'type clade' of this species, is the clade 1 of A. kontrimavichusi. For A. kontrimavichusi, it is not known which one is the type clade. There is also fairly strong evidence for the non-monophyly of Anoplocephaloides dentata (Galli-Valerio, 1905)-like species, although an earlier phylogeny suggested that this multi-species assemblage may be monophyletic. The results suggest a deep phylogenetic codivergence of Lemmus spp. and A. lemmi, primarily separating the two largely allopatric host and parasite species at the Kolyma River in east Siberia. There are also two allopatric sublineages within each main clade/species of A. lemmi and Lemmus, but the present distributions of the sublineages within the eastern L. trimucronatus and clade 1 of A. lemmi are not concordant. This discrepancy may be most parsimoniously explained by an extensive westward distributional shift of the easternmost parasite subclade. The results further suggest that the clade 1 of A. kontrimavichusi has diverged through a host shift from the precursor of L. trimucronatus to S. borealis. C1 [Haukisalmi, Voitto] Univ Helsinki, Finnish Museum Nat Hist Luomus, P Rautatiekatu 13, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Hardman, Lotta M.] Murkelsvangen 6, Ekenas 10650, Finland. [Fedorov, Vadim B.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hoberg, Eric P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, BARC East 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20715 USA. [Henttonen, Heikki] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Jokiniemenkuja 1, Vantaa 01370, Finland. RP Haukisalmi, V (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Finnish Museum Nat Hist Luomus, P Rautatiekatu 13, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM voitto.haukisalmi@helsinki.fi; lotta.hardman@gmail.com; vfedorov@alaska.edu; eric.hoberg@ars.usda.gov; heikki.henttonen@luke.fi FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0196095, 0415668]; Integrated Inventory of Biomes of the Arctic (NSF- DEB- Biodiversity Discovery and Analysis) [1258010]; Department of the Interior, US National Park Service; NSF PBI [0818696, 0818823] FX Most of the lemmings from the Arctic coast of Siberia and Canadian Arctic archipelago were collected during two international expeditions, that is the Swedish-Russian Tundra Ecology Expedition (1994) and the Tundra Northwest 1999 expedition, respectively, organized by the Swedish Polar Secretariat. We thank all members of these expeditions, and particularly K. Fredga, A. Angerbjorn and C. J. Krebs, for providing a unique lemming and parasite materials. In addition, C. J. Krebs and A. Kenney collected a considerable number of lemming intestines from the southern Victoria Island/Kent Peninsula region in Nunavut, Central Arctic, Canada, under extreme field conditions. Most of the lemmings and their cestodes from north-eastern Siberia and Alaska were collected in connection with the Beringian Coevolution Project (BCP), funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0196095 and 0415668), and planned and coordinated by Joseph A. Cook (University of New Mexico) and Eric P. Hoberg (United States National Parasite Collection). Our current investigations were further supported through funding of the Integrated Inventory of Biomes of the Arctic (NSF- DEB- Biodiversity Discovery and Analysis-1258010) to J. A. Cook, EPH, K.E. Galbreath (Northern Michigan University) and E. Dechaine (Western Washington University). Logistics for remote field collections in Alaska were also facilitated and funded by the Department of the Interior, US National Park Service. Collections in north-eastern Siberia were in part facilitated by colleagues of the Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan. Authors thank all members of various BCP crews for their invaluable efforts under harsh field conditions, especially acknowledging contributions by S. O. MacDonald, A. M. Runck, A. V. A. Koehler, K. E. Galbreath, A. Tsvetkova and N. E. Dokuchaev. For other materials, we acknowledge the help of the following collaborators and local experts: W. Bulmer, R. P. Eckerling, C. Feliu, A. L. Gardner, A. Gubanyi, I. K. Hanski, M. Jaarola, J. Laakkonen, A. Lavikainen and J. Niemimaa. V.H. has been supported by NSF PBI award Nos. 0818696 and 0818823. Sara Brant (Museum of Southwestern Biology) is thanked for help with the deposition of the voucher specimens. We further recognize and acknowledge the foundations for our current understanding of diversity among arvicoline tapeworms that emanated from the seminal studies of Robert L. Rausch and Viriginia R. Rausch who in many ways set the stage for taxonomic explorations of hosts and parasites across the expanse of Beringia. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-3256 EI 1463-6409 J9 ZOOL SCR JI Zool. Scr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1 BP 88 EP 102 DI 10.1111/zsc.12136 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA DD7AG UT WOS:000370075400007 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, N Dwyer, J Terry, A Moshfegh, A Johnson, C AF Ahluwalia, Namanjeet Dwyer, Johanna Terry, Ana Moshfegh, Alanna Johnson, Clifford TI Update on NHANES Dietary Data: Focus on Collection, Release, Analytical Considerations, and Uses to Inform Public Policy SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE dietary assessment; epidemiology; nutritional surveillance; public policy; nutrition databases; usual intake; nutrition policy ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; HEALTHY EATING INDEX-2005; INTAKE DISTRIBUTIONS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; 24-HOUR RECALL; ENERGY; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INSTRUMENTS; POPULATIONS AB NHANES is the cornerstone for national nutrition monitoring to inform nutrition and health policy. Nutritional assessment in NHANES is described with a focus on dietary data collection, analysis, and uses in nutrition monitoring. NHANES has been collecting thorough data on diet, nutritional status, and chronic disease in cross-sectional surveys with nationally representative samples since the early 1970s. Continuous data collection began in 1999 with public data release in 2-y cycles on; similar to 10,000 participants. In 2002, the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the NHANES dietary component weremerged, forming a consolidated dietary data collection known asWhatWe Eat in America; since then, 24-h recalls have been collected on 2 d using the USDA's Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Detailed and targeted food-frequency questionnaires have been collected in some NHANES cycles. Dietary supplement use data have been collected (in detail since 2007) so that total nutrient intakes can be described for the population. The continuous NHANES can adapt its content to address emerging public health needs and reflect federal priorities. Changes in data collection methods are made after expert input and validation/ crossover studies. NHANES dietary data are used to describe intake of foods, nutrients, food groups, and dietary patterns by the US population and large sociodemographic groups to plan and evaluate nutrition programs and policies. Usual dietary intake distributions can be estimated after adjusting for day-to-day variation. NHANES remains open and flexible to incorporate improvements while maintaining data quality and providing timely data to track the nation's nutrition and health status. In summary, NHANES collects dietary data in the context of its broad, multipurpose goals; the strengths and limitations of these data are also discussed in this review. C1 [Ahluwalia, Namanjeet; Terry, Ana; Johnson, Clifford] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Dwyer, Johanna] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Moshfegh, Alanna] USDA, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ahluwalia, N (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD USA. EM n.ahluwalia@cdc.gov NR 70 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 121 EP 134 DI 10.3945/an.115.009258 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA DC3HX UT WOS:000369111500012 PM 26773020 ER PT J AU Nicklas, TA Kleinman, RE Storey, ML AF Nicklas, Theresa A. Kleinman, Ronald E. Storey, Maureen L. TI Supplement-Science and Policy: Adopting a Fruitful Vegetable Encounter for Our Children Foreword SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFANTS C1 [Nicklas, Theresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kleinman, Ronald E.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Storey, Maureen L.] Alliance Potato Res & Educ, Mclean, VA USA. RP Nicklas, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tnicklas@bcm.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 209S EP 210S DI 10.3945/an.115.011098 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA DC3HX UT WOS:000369111500021 PM 26773028 ER PT J AU Nicklas, TA Liu, Y Islam, N O'Neil, CE AF Nicklas, Theresa A. Liu, Yan Islam, Noemi O'Neil, Carol E. TI Removing Potatoes from Children's Diets May Compromise Potassium Intake SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE potassium; fiber; nutrients; potatoes; vegetables; NHANES; statistical modeling ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; WHITE VEGETABLES; NUTRIENT INTAKE; UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; FRUIT; RISK AB White potatoes are a forgotten source of nutrients. The goal of this study was to identify the nutritional implications of replacing a composite of white potatoes with a composite of vegetables commonly consumed by children aged 2-18 y (n = 3460) in a nationally representative sample. The NHANES 2005-2012 24-h dietary recall data were used to determine nutrient intake. Two replacement models were developed: one for potato consumers and another for those consuming vegetables other than potatoes. Analyses focused on 1) mean nutrient contributions per 1 cup equivalent vegetable composite (VC)/ potato composite (PC) consumed by participants, and 2) mean daily nutrient intake when the nutrients per 1 cup equivalent PC replaced the nutrients per 1 cup equivalent VC. Covariate adjusted analysis was tested for statistical significance (P < 0.002). When 1 cup equivalent VC replaced 1 cup equivalent PC, significantly lower mean intakes were found for 20 of the 23 nutrients studied and higher mean intakes of total sugars, folate, and calcium. Differences were found including higher total intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids and potassium and lower total intakes of vitamins A and K. The percentage contribution of the PC to total daily nutrient intake was 6% for total energy, 8% for total fat, 5% for saturated fatty acids, 13% for dietary fiber, 4% for sodium, and 11% for potassium. Both composites contributed a variety of nutrients to the total diet; the consumption of white potatoes may be an important strategy to help meet the potassium recommendation. C1 [Nicklas, Theresa A.; Liu, Yan; Islam, Noemi] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [O'Neil, Carol E.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Nutr & Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Nicklas, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tnicklas@bcm.edu FU USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Alliance for Potato Research and Education; USDA/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [58-3092-5-001]; USDA Hatch Project [LAB 94209]; Alliance for Potato Research and Education (APRE) FX Published in a supplement to Advances in Nutrition. Presented at the Roundtable on Science and Policy: Adopting a Fruitful Vegetable Encounter for our Children. The roundtable was sponsored by the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, and was held in Chicago, IL, 10-11 November 2014.; The roundtable and supplement publication were supported by an unrestricted grant from the Alliance for Potato Research and Education. The roundtable speakers received travel funding and an honorarium for participation in the meeting and manuscript preparation.; Supported in part by USDA/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) cooperative agreement 58-3092-5-001, USDA Hatch Project LAB 94209, and Alliance for Potato Research and Education (APRE). The contents of this review do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA; nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. The views expressed are those of the authors. The funding agencies had no input into the study design or interpretation of the data. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 247S EP 253S DI 10.3945/an.115.008680 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA DC3HX UT WOS:000369111500026 PM 26773033 ER PT J AU Fisher, JO Dwyer, JT AF Fisher, Jennifer O. Dwyer, Johanna T. TI Next Steps for Science and Policy on Promoting Vegetable Consumption among US Infants and Young Children SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE infants and children; food acceptance; vegetable eating; consumption; barriers; nutrition policy ID ENCOURAGE FOOD ACCEPTANCE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; WHITE VEGETABLES; UNITED-STATES; REPEATED EXPOSURE; FEEDING PRACTICES; SCHOOL STUDENTS; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; ENERGY-INTAKE; PEER MODELS AB Vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet for infants and young children, but they are poorly accepted and underconsumed. This paper highlights major themes and research needs for understanding how to raise children to consume and enjoy vegetables as part of a healthful diet. A range of factors impedes US infants and young children from eating as many vegetables as experts consider optimal for child nutrition, health, and development. Barriers include biological and behavioral issues relating to infant and child development, household-and family-related barriers, obstacles in the larger community, economic limitations, and some government policies and programs. These barriers must be removed to encourage children to eat more vegetables. Research gaps also must be filled. We summarize the basic and applied research that is needed to craft more effective messages, devise strategies for parents and other child caretakers to take within households, develop action in the larger community, and modify some government policies and programs. C1 [Fisher, Jennifer O.] Temple Univ, Ctr Obes Res & Educ, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA.; Dwyer, JT (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dwyerj1@od.nih.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Alliance for Potato Research and Education FX Published in a supplement to Advances in Nutrition. Presented at the Roundtable on Science and Policy: Adopting a Fruitful Vegetable Encounter for Our Children. The roundtable was sponsored by the USDA Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, and was held in Chicago, IL, 10-11 November 2014. The roundtable and supplement publication were supported by an unrestricted grant from the Alliance for Potato Research and Education. The roundtable speakers received travel funding and an honorarium for participation in the meeting and manuscript preparation. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 261S EP 271S DI 10.3945/an.115.009332 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA DC3HX UT WOS:000369111500028 PM 26773035 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, K Greenhalgh-Stanley, N Ploeg, MV AF Fitzpatrick, Katie Greenhalgh-Stanley, Nadia Ploeg, Michele Ver TI The Impact of Food Deserts on Food Insufficiency and SNAP Participation among the Elderly SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Food deserts; food environment; food sufficiency; elderly; Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ID STAMP PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; STORE ACCESS; INSECURITY; INCOME; NUTRITION; FAMILIES; BENEFITS; PRICES; FRUIT AB Residents of neighborhoods with limited access to grocery stores may face barriers to obtaining adequate food for a healthy diet. Low-income elderly may be uniquely affected by these so-called "food deserts" due to limited transportation options, strong attachments to local neighborhoods, fixed incomes, and physical limitations for food shopping. Using 2006 and 2010 Health and Retirement Study data linked to census tract-level measures of food deserts, this study measures whether living in a food desert affects food and material hardship, participation in food assistance programs, and the food spending of elderly adults. In both cross-sectional and fixed effects regressions of elderly residents of urban counties, we find little evidence that living in a food desert affects these outcomes. We find, however, that individuals residing in a food desert without a vehicle are 12 percentage points more likely to report food insufficiency. Those SNAP recipients living in food deserts are 11 percentage points more likely to receive subsidized meals, while nonparticipants in food deserts and SNAP recipients outside of food deserts are less likely to receive subsidized meals. Our findings suggest that seniors without vehicles and SNAP recipients in food deserts may be the most vulnerable to limited food store access. C1 [Fitzpatrick, Katie] Seattle Univ, Econ, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. [Greenhalgh-Stanley, Nadia] Kent State Univ, Econ, Kent, OH USA. [Ploeg, Michele Ver] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Fitzpatrick, K (reprint author), Seattle Univ, Econ, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. EM fitzpatk@seattleu.edu FU Kent State University [58-4000-1-0021]; USDA ERS [58-4000-1-0021] FX The authors thank Brian Roe, Ron Cheung, three anonymous reviewers, and participants at the 2013 Western Economic Association International Meetings for numerous helpful comments and suggestions. The authors are grateful to Shawn Rohlin for converting Dun & Bradstreet restaurant and store data to census tracts. Greenhalgh-Stanley gratefully acknowledges financial support through Cooperative Agreement No. 58-4000-1-0021 between Kent State University and the USDA ERS. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of ERS or USDA. Correspondence may be sent to: fitzpatk@seattleu.edu. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 98 IS 1 BP 19 EP 40 DI 10.1093/ajae/aav044 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA DC3AC UT WOS:000369090400002 ER PT J AU Manjarin, R Columbus, DA Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Hernandez-Garcia, AD Hoang, NM Fiorotto, ML Davis, T AF Manjarin, Rodrigo Columbus, Daniel A. Suryawan, Agus Nguyen, Hanh V. Hernandez-Garcia, Adriana D. Nguyet-Minh Hoang Fiorotto, Marta L. Davis, Teresa TI Leucine supplementation of a chronically restricted protein and energy diet enhances mTOR pathway activation but not muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Article DE Leucine; Premature infant; Muscle; Synthesis ID INSULIN-SIGNALING PATHWAY; AMINO-ACID AVAILABILITY; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BODY-COMPOSITION; TRANSLATION INITIATION; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; PRETERM INFANTS; GROWTH; STIMULATION AB Suboptimal nutrient intake represents a limiting factor for growth and long-term survival of low-birth weight infants. The objective of this study was to determine if in neonates who can consume only 70 % of their protein and energy requirements for 8 days, enteral leucine supplementation will upregulate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in skeletal muscle, leading to an increase in protein synthesis and muscle anabolism. Nineteen 4-day-old piglets were fed by gastric tube 1 of 3 diets, containing (kg body weight(-1).day(-1)) 16 g protein and 190 kcal (CON), 10.9 g protein and 132 kcal (R), or 10.8 g protein + 0.2 % leucine and 136 kcal (RL) at 4-h intervals for 8 days. On day 8, plasma AA and insulin levels were measured during 6 post-feeding intervals, and muscle protein synthesis rate and mTOR signaling proteins were determined at 120 min post-feeding. At 120 min, leucine was highest in RL (P < 0.001), whereas insulin, isoleucine and valine were lower in RL and R compared to CON (P < 0.001). Compared to RL and R, the CON diet increased (P < 0.01) body weight, protein synthesis, phosphorylation of S6 kinase (p-S6K1) and 4E-binding protein (p-4EBP1), and activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4 complex (eIF4E.eIF4G). RL increased (P <= 0.01) p-S6K1, p-4EBP1 and eIF4E.eIF4G compared to R. In conclusion, when protein and energy intakes are restricted for 8 days, leucine supplementation increases muscle mTOR activation, but does not improve body weight gain or enhance skeletal muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs. C1 [Manjarin, Rodrigo; Columbus, Daniel A.; Suryawan, Agus; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Hernandez-Garcia, Adriana D.; Nguyet-Minh Hoang; Fiorotto, Marta L.; Davis, Teresa] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.edu FU National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [AR-044474, AR-46308]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD-072891]; United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Agriculture [2013-67015-20438]; USDA/ARS [6250-510000-055] FX The work was supported by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Grants AR-044474 (Davis) and AR-46308 (Fiorotto), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development HD-072891 (Davis), United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Agriculture grant 2013-67015-20438 (Davis), and by the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement no. 6250-510000-055 (Davis). This work is a publication of the USDA, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or politics of the USDA, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0939-4451 EI 1438-2199 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PD JAN PY 2016 VL 48 IS 1 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s00726-015-2078-y PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DC6CH UT WOS:000369306900023 PM 26334346 ER PT J AU Wright, EC Miles, JR Lents, CA Rempel, LA AF Wright, Elane C. Miles, Jeremy R. Lents, Clay A. Rempel, Lea A. TI Uterine and placenta characteristics during early vascular development in the pig from day 22 to 42 of gestation SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Placenta development; Microfold; Necrotic tip; Pig; Reproduction ID CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT; UMBILICAL CHARACTERISTICS; OVULATION RATE; FETAL FLUIDS; CAPACITY; GROWTH; SPACE; SWINE; ELONGATION; SURVIVAL AB Insufficient placenta development is one of the primary causes of fetal death and reduced fetal growth after 35 days of gestation. Between day 22 and 42 the placenta consists of a central highly vascular placenta (HVP), adjacent to the fetus, a less vascular placenta (LVP), on either side of the fetus, and necrotic tips (NT). The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate uterine-placenta characteristics during early gestation in the gilt and determine time points and physiological changes. Gilts (n = 25) were artificially inseminated at first detection of estrus (day 0) and 24 h later, and harvested at 22, 27, 32, 37 or 42 days of gestation. Litter size, 12.1 +/- 3.4, was similar for all days of gestation. Fetal and placenta weight increased with day of gestation. The greatest increase in placenta weight occurred between 37 and 42 days of gestation. The LVP zones had no measurable fold formation until day 27. Necrotic tips became apparent after 27 days of gestation. Unoccupied areas of the uterus developed folds with changes in endometrial cell size and morphology from day 32 to 42 of gestation. Limited changes occurred in either fetal growth or placenta weight from day 27 through 32 of gestation; however, significant morphological changes occur at the maternal-fetal interface, demonstrating the dynamic architecture of the developing porcine placenta during early gestation. This work establishes fundamental time points in placenta development corresponding to fetal growth and microfold formation that may influence fetal growth and impact fetal survival. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wright, Elane C.; Miles, Jeremy R.; Lents, Clay A.; Rempel, Lea A.] ARS, USDA, USMARC, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wright, EC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USMARC, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM elane.wright@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 EI 1873-2232 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 164 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.11.002 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA DC9TC UT WOS:000369562900003 PM 26608933 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Carvajal, L Singh, N de los Santos, T Rodriguez, LL Long, CR AF Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth Singh, Neetu de los Santos, Teresa Rodriguez, Luis L. Long, Charles R. TI Depletion of elongation initiation factor 4E binding proteins by CRISPR/Cas9 enhances the antiviral response in porcine cells SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CRISPR/Cas9; 4E-BPI knockout; Interferon; Pig cells ID MICE LACKING; RNA; 4E-BP1; TRANSLATION; REGULATOR; FAMILY; TARGET; GROWTH; IRF-7 AB Type I interferons (IFNs) are key mediators of the innate antiviral response in mammalian cells. Elongation initiation factor 4E binding proteins (4E-BPs) are translational controllers of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7), the "master regulator" of IFN transcription. Previous studies have suggested that mouse cells depleted of 4E-BPs are more sensitive to IFN beta treatment and had lower viral loads as compared to wild type (WT) cells. However, such approach has not been tested as an antiviral strategy in livestock species. In this study, we tested the antiviral activity of porcine cells depleted of 4E-BP1 by a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) genome engineering system. We found that 4E-BPI knockout (MO) porcine cells had increased expression of IFN alpha and beta, IFN stimulated genes, and significant reduction in vesicular stomatitis virus titer as compare to WT cells. No phenotypical changes associated with CRISPR/Cas9 manipulation were observed in 4E-BPI MO cells. This work highlights the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to enhance the antiviral response in porcine cells. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth; Singh, Neetu; Long, Charles R.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth; de los Santos, Teresa; Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, PIADC, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Greenport, NY USA. [Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth] ORISE, PIADC, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Ramirez-Carvajal, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX USA.; Ramirez-Carvajal, L (reprint author), ARS, PIADC, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Greenport, NY USA.; Ramirez-Carvajal, L (reprint author), ORISE, PIADC, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA.; Ramirez-Carvajal, L (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM Lisbeth.ramirez@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [1940-32000-057-00D]; ARS [HSHQDC-11-X-00189]; Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-11-X-00189]; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS#1940-32000-057-00D, by an interagency agreement between ARS and the Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Award Number HSHQDC-11-X-00189 and Texas AgriLife Research and Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory Exceptional Item Funding Grant. L. Ramirez-Carvajal was a participant in the PIADC Research Participation Program administered by ORISE, and Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Student Grant Program. We thank Hanah Georges and Raena Furtado for technical assistance. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 EI 1872-9096 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 125 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.11.002 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA DC4PX UT WOS:000369203900002 PM 26592975 ER PT J AU Li, P Zhu, J Hu, H Guo, Z Pan, Y Birdsey, R Fang, J AF Li, P. Zhu, J. Hu, H. Guo, Z. Pan, Y. Birdsey, R. Fang, J. TI The relative contributions of forest growth and areal expansion to forest biomass carbon SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WORLDS FORESTS; CHINA FORESTS; SINKS; ECOSYSTEMS; IDENTITY; STORAGE; CLIMATE AB Forests play a leading role in regional and global terrestrial carbon (C) cycles. Changes in C sequestration within forests can be attributed to areal expansion (increase in forest area) and forest growth (increase in biomass density). Detailed assessment of the relative contributions of areal expansion and forest growth to C sinks is crucial to reveal the mechanisms that control forest C sinks and it is helpful for developing sustainable forest management policies in the face of climate change. Using the Forest Identity concept and forest inventory data, this study quantified the spatial and temporal changes in the relative contributions of forest areal expansion and increased biomass growth to China's forest biomass C sinks from 1977 to 2008. Over the last 30 years, the areal expansion of forests has been a larger contributor to C sinks than forest growth for planted forests in China (62.2% vs. 37.8 %). However, for natural forests, forest growth has made a larger contribution than areal expansion (60.4% vs. 39.6 %). For all forests (planted and natural forests), growth in area and density has contributed equally to the total C sinks of forest biomass in China (50.4% vs. 49.6 %). The relative contribution of forest growth of planted forests showed an increasing trend from an initial 25.3% to 61.0% in the later period of 1998 to 2003, but for natural forests, the relative contributions were variable without clear trends, owing to the drastic changes in forest area and biomass density over the last 30 years. Our findings suggest that afforestation will continue to increase the C sink of China's forests in the future, subject to sustainable forest growth after the establishment of plantations. C1 [Li, P.; Zhu, J.; Guo, Z.; Fang, J.] Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Dept Ecol, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, P.; Zhu, J.; Guo, Z.; Fang, J.] Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Hu, H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Guo, Z.] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Pan, Y.; Birdsey, R.] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Fang, J (reprint author), Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Dept Ecol, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Fang, J (reprint author), Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jyfang@urban.pku.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31321061, 31330012]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05050300]; US Forest Service [07-JV-11242300-117]; State Forestry Administration of China [2013-R13] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 31321061 and 31330012), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05050300), the US Forest Service (07-JV-11242300-117), and the State Forestry Administration of China (2013-R13). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 2 BP 375 EP 388 DI 10.5194/bg-13-375-2016 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DC9ES UT WOS:000369524500002 ER PT J AU Shen, W Jenerette, GD Hui, D Scott, RL AF Shen, W. Jenerette, G. D. Hui, D. Scott, R. L. TI Precipitation legacy effects on dryland ecosystem carbon fluxes: direction, magnitude and biogeochemical carryovers SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER DYNAMICS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; PATAGONIAN STEPPE; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AB The precipitation legacy effect, defined as the impact of historical precipitation (PPT) on extant ecosystem dynamics, has been recognized as an important driver in shaping the temporal variability of dryland aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and soil respiration. How the PPT legacy influences whole ecosystem-level carbon (C) fluxes has rarely been quantitatively assessed, particularly at longer temporal scales. We parameterized a process-based ecosystem model to a semiarid savanna ecosystem in the southwestern USA, calibrated and evaluated the model performance based on 7 years of eddy-covariance measurements, and conducted two sets of simulation experiments to assess inter-decadal and interannual PPT legacy effects over a 30-year simulation period. The results showed that decreasing the previous period/year PPT (dry legacy) always increased subsequent net ecosystem production (NEP) whereas increasing the previous period/year PPT (wet legacy) decreased NEP. The simulated dry-legacy impacts mostly increased subsequent gross ecosystem production (GEP) and reduced ecosystem respiration (R-e), but the wet legacy mostly reduced GEP and increased R-e. Although the direction and magnitude of GEP and R-e responses to the simulated dry and wet legacies were influenced by both the previous and current PPT conditions, the NEP responses were predominantly determined by the previous PPT characteristics including rainfall amount, seasonality and event size distribution. Larger PPT difference between periods/years resulted in larger legacy impacts, with dry legacies fostering more C sequestration and wet legacies more C release. The carryover of soil N between periods/years was mainly responsible for the GEP responses, while the carryovers of plant biomass, litter and soil organic matter were mainly responsible for the R-e responses. These simulation results suggest that previous PPT conditions can exert substantial legacy impacts on current ecosystem C balance, which should be taken into account while assessing the response of dryland ecosystem C dynamics to future PPT regime changes. C1 [Shen, W.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Ecol & Environm Sci, South China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Jenerette, G. D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hui, D.] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Scott, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Shen, W (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Ecol & Environm Sci, South China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM shenweij@scbg.ac.cn RI Shen, Weijun/G-2942-2010; OI Shen, Weijun/0000-0001-7574-8839; Hui, Dafeng/0000-0002-5284-2897 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [31130011, 31425005, 31290222]; Major State Basic Research Development Program (973 Planning Program) [2011CB403206]; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China [S2012020011084]; US Department of Energy AmeriFlux Office [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southwest Watershed Research Center (SWRC) and the Arizona Meteorological Network (AZMET) for making their meteorological data open to access. W. Shen acknowledges the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (31130011, 31425005 and 31290222), the Major State Basic Research Development Program (973 Planning Program 2011CB403206), and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (S2012020011084). Partial funding for the Santa Rita mesquite savanna eddy-covariance site is provided by the US Department of Energy AmeriFlux Office (grant DE-AC02-05CH11231). NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 2 BP 425 EP 439 DI 10.5194/bg-13-425-2016 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DC9ES UT WOS:000369524500006 ER PT J AU Shittu, I Zhu, ZY Lu, YQ Hutcheson, JM Stice, SL West, FD Donadeu, M Dungu, B Fadly, AM Zavala, G Ferguson-Noel, N Afonso, CL AF Shittu, Ismaila Zhu, Ziying Lu, Yangqing Hutcheson, Jessica M. Stice, Steven L. West, Franklin D. Donadeu, Meritxell Dungu, Baptiste Fadly, Aly M. Zavala, Guillermo Ferguson-Noel, Naola Afonso, Claudio L. TI Development, characterization and optimization of a new suspension chicken-induced pluripotent cell line for the production of Newcastle disease vaccine SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease virus; Vaccine production; Suspension cell culture; Chicken-induced pluripotent cell; Serum free medium ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; SERUM-FREE MEDIA; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; STEM-CELLS; SCALABLE EXPANSION; VERO CELLS; CULTURE; INFECTION; MYCOPLASMAS AB Traditionally, substrates for production of viral poultry vaccines have been embryonated eggs or adherent primary cell cultures. The difficulties and cost involved in scaling up these substrates in cases of increased demand have been a limitation for vaccine production. Here, we assess the ability of a newly developed chicken-induced pluripotent cell line, BA3, to support replication and growth of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota vaccine strain. The characteristics and growth profile of the cells were also investigated. BA3 cells could grow in suspension in different media to a high density of up to 7.0 x 10(6) cells/mL and showed rapid proliferation with doubling time of 21 h. Upon infection, a high virus titer of 1.02 x 10(8) EID50/mL was obtained at 24 h post infection using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5. In addition, the cell line was shown to be free of endogenous and exogenous Avian Leukosis viruses, Reticuloendotheliosis virus, Fowl Adenovirus, Marek's disease virus, and several Mycoplasma species. In conclusion, BA3 cell line is potentially an excellent candidate for vaccine production due to its highly desirable industrially friendly characteristics of growing to high cell density and capability of growth in serum free medium. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Alliance for Biological Standardization. C1 [Shittu, Ismaila; Afonso, Claudio L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Zhu, Ziying; Lu, Yangqing] Guangxi Univ, Anim Reprod Inst, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Ziying; Lu, Yangqing; Hutcheson, Jessica M.; Stice, Steven L.; West, Franklin D.] Univ Georgia, Regenerat Biosci Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zhu, Ziying; Lu, Yangqing; Hutcheson, Jessica M.; Stice, Steven L.; West, Franklin D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Donadeu, Meritxell; Dungu, Baptiste] GALVmed, Pentlands Sci Pk, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fadly, Aly M.] ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Zavala, Guillermo; Ferguson-Noel, Naola] Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Shittu, Ismaila] Natl Inst Vet Res, Div Virol, Reg Lab Anim Influenza & Other Transboundary Anim, PMB 01 Vom, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria. [Donadeu, Meritxell] Univ Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. [Dungu, Baptiste] MCI Sante Anim, Lot 157,Zone Ind Sud Ouest,BP 278, Mohammadia 28810, Morocco. [Zavala, Guillermo] Avian Hlth Int LLC, Suite M 135,3446 Winder Hwy, Flowery Branch, GA 30542 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM claudio.afonso@ars.usda.gov OI Shittu, Ismaila/0000-0002-2977-9578 FU GALVmed, Edinburgh; USDA CRIS [6612-32000-064-00D, 5050-32000-016-00D] FX The authors would like to Dr. Jody Mays and Dawn Williams-Coplin for their excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by GALVmed, Edinburgh, and by USDA CRIS projects 6612-32000-064-00D and 5050-32000-016-00D. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 EI 1095-8320 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD JAN PY 2016 VL 44 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.09.002 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DC8IW UT WOS:000369464100004 PM 26586283 ER PT J AU Zhang, JJ Serra, S Leisso, RS Musacchi, S AF Zhang, Jingjin Serra, Sara Leisso, Rachel S. Musacchi, Stefano TI Effect of light microclimate on the quality of 'd'Anjou' pears in mature open-centre tree architecture SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Photosynthetically active radiation; Light measurement system; Light penetration; Fruit quality; Fruit maturity ID APPLE FRUIT SIZE; RIPENING CAPACITY; DELICIOUS APPLE; POSTHARVEST LIFE; CANOPY POSITION; HARVEST DATE; COMICE PEARS; ANJOU PEAR; GROWTH; ETHYLENE AB Light availability within trees is an important factor for canopy and fruit development as light drives photosynthetic processes. The effect of pre-harvest light microclimate on 'd'Anjou' pear fruit quality from harvest through to cold storage and ripening on fruit grown in open vase pear tree canopy was investigated. Light penetration was used to determine the light availability at different positions within the tree canopy. Five light penetration levels were predefined as 0-20%, 20%-40%, 40%-60%, 60%-80%, and 80%-100% and 60 fruits were selected from each level for quality assessment during three-month cold storage and post-harvest ripening period. At harvest, upper canopy portions had a greater number of fruit than lower portions, but average single fruit mass was similar. During the cold storage and ripening period, the I-AD index, a measure of chlorophyll degreening indicating fruit maturity, decreased. Fruit mass decreased for all light penetration levels during cold storage. No significant difference was found in fruit mass between light penetration levels following cold storage. Fruit soluble solids increased with light penetration while firmness exhibited an inverse relationship with light penetration level. Fruit from 80% to 100% light penetration level had significantly lower titratable acidity compared to other levels. This study indicated that light microclimate had consequential effects on 'd'Anjou' pear fruit quality, and effects of light penetration on quality were most pronounced in extreme light conditions, which are suggested to be the focus of further research. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 [Zhang, Jingjin] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jingjin; Serra, Sara; Leisso, Rachel S.; Musacchi, Stefano] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Zhang, Jingjin; Serra, Sara; Leisso, Rachel S.; Musacchi, Stefano] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Leisso, Rachel S.] ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Musacchi, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM stefano.musacchi@wsu.edu OI serra, sara/0000-0002-4117-2875; Musacchi, Stefano/0000-0001-8618-6202 FU PNW Pear Research Committee [PR14-108A] FX This research was supported by PNW Pear Research Committee, project number: PR14-108A - Improving quality and maturity consistency of 'd'Anjou'. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Washington State University and PNW Pear Research Committee. The authors would also like to express our gratefulness to Randy Smith, Bob Gix, and Adam Grubb for their help in setting up the experiment and the field measurements and to Ryan Sheick for the helpful revision of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 141 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.11.002 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA DC4TN UT WOS:000369213300001 ER PT J AU Hadlocon, LJS Zhao, LY Wyslouzil, BE Zhu, HP AF Hadlocon, Lara Jane S. Zhao, Lingying Wyslouzil, Barbara E. Zhu, Heping TI Semi-mechanistic modelling of ammonia absorption in an acid spray wet scrubber based on mass balance (vol 136, pg 14, 2015) SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Correction C1 [Hadlocon, Lara Jane S.; Zhao, Lingying] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wyslouzil, Barbara E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 140 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zhu, Heping] ARS, USDA, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Zhao, LY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM hadlocon.1@osu.edu; zhao.119@osu.edu; wyslouzil.1@osu.edu; heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 141 BP 94 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.11.001 PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA DC4TN UT WOS:000369213300008 ER PT J AU Manfredini, F Shoemaker, D Grozinger, CM AF Manfredini, Fabio Shoemaker, DeWayne Grozinger, Christina M. TI Dynamic changes in host-virus interactions associated with colony founding and social environment in fire ant queens (Solenopsis invicta) SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Colony founding; fire ant; gene expression; microarray; social environment; virus ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; GENE-EXPRESSION; INFECTION; PCR; HYMENOPTERA; ACTIVATION; MECHANISMS; FORMICIDAE; VIRULENCE AB The dynamics of host-parasite interactions can change dramatically over the course of a chronic infection as the internal (physiological) and external (environmental) conditions of the host change. When queens of social insects found a colony, they experience changes in both their physiological state (they develop their ovaries and begin laying eggs) and the social environment (they suddenly stop interacting with the other members of the mother colony), making this an excellent model system for examining how these factors interact with chronic infections. We investigated the dynamics of host-viral interactions in queens of Solenopsis invicta (fire ant) as they transition from mating to colony founding/brood rearing to the emergence of the first workers. We examined these dynamics in naturally infected queens in two different social environments, where queens either founded colonies as individuals or as pairs. We hypothesized that stress associated with colony founding plays an important role in the dynamics of host-parasite interactions. We also hypothesized that different viruses have different modalities of interaction with the host that can be quantified by physiological measures and genomic analysis of gene expression in the host. We found that the two most prevalent viruses, SINV-1 and SINV-2, are associated with different fitness costs that are mirrored by different patterns of gene expression in the host. In fact SINV-2, the virus that imposes the significant reduction of a queen's reproductive output is also associated with larger changes of global gene expression in the host. These results show the complexity of interactions between S. invicta and two viral parasites. Our findings also show that chronic infections by viral parasites in insects are dynamic processes that may pose different challenges in the host, laying the groundwork for interesting ecological and evolutionary considerations. C1 [Manfredini, Fabio] Royal Holloway Univ London, Sch Biol Sci, Egham, Surrey, England. [Manfredini, Fabio; Grozinger, Christina M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Manfredini, Fabio; Grozinger, Christina M.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Pollinator Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Shoemaker, DeWayne] USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Manfredini, F (reprint author), Univ London, Royal Holloway, Bourne 5-06, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. EM fmanfredini79@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [2009-35302-05301] FX U.S. Department of Agriculture, (Grant/Award Number: '2009-35302-05301'). NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1002/ece3.1843 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DC4BF UT WOS:000369164000019 PM 26811788 ER PT J AU Gleason, SM Blackman, CJ Chang, Y Cook, AM Laws, CA Westoby, M AF Gleason, Sean M. Blackman, Chris J. Chang, Yvonne Cook, Alicia M. Laws, Claire A. Westoby, Mark TI Weak coordination among petiole, leaf, vein, and gas-exchange traits across Australian angiosperm species and its possible implications SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Angiosperms; CO2 assimilation; gas exchange; plant hydraulics; stomatal conductance; trait coordination ID TROPICAL FOREST TREES; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATE FOREST; EVOLUTION; VENATION; EMBOLISM; LEAVES; VULNERABILITY; CONDUCTANCE; CAVITATION AB Close coordination between leaf gas exchange and maximal hydraulic supply has been reported across diverse plant life forms. However, it has also been suggested that this relationship may become weak or break down completely within the angiosperms. We examined coordination between hydraulic, leaf vein, and gas-exchange traits across a diverse group of 35 evergreen Australian angiosperms, spanning a large range in leaf structure and habitat. Leaf-specific conductance was calculated from petiole vessel anatomy and was also measured directly using the rehydration technique. Leaf vein density (thought to be a determinant of gas exchange rate), maximal stomatal conductance, and net CO2 assimilation rate were also measured for most species (n = 19-35). Vein density was not correlated with leaf-specific conductance (either calculated or measured), stomatal conductance, nor maximal net CO2 assimilation, with r(2) values ranging from 0.00 to 0.11, P values from 0.909 to 0.102, and n values from 19 to 35 in all cases. Leaf-specific conductance calculated from petiole anatomy was weakly correlated with maximal stomatal conductance (r(2) = 0.16; P = 0.022; n = 32), whereas the direct measurement of leaf-specific conductance was weakly correlated with net maximal CO2 assimilation (r(2) = 0.21; P = 0.005; n = 35). Calculated leaf-specific conductance, xylem ultrastructure, and leaf vein density do not appear to be reliable proxy traits for assessing differences in rates of gas exchange or growth across diverse sets of evergreen angiosperms. C1 [Gleason, Sean M.; Blackman, Chris J.; Chang, Yvonne; Cook, Alicia M.; Laws, Claire A.; Westoby, Mark] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Gleason, Sean M.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Blackman, Chris J.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. [Chang, Yvonne] CSIRO Agr, LB 59, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. RP Gleason, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM sean.gleason55@gmail.com RI Chang, Yvonne/A-6947-2015 OI Chang, Yvonne/0000-0002-4733-8506 FU Australian Research Council FX This work was funded by the Australian Research Council through a fellowship to Westoby. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1002/ece3.1860 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DC4BF UT WOS:000369164000022 PM 26811791 ER PT J AU Strahan, GD Mullen, CA Boateng, AA AF Strahan, Gary D. Mullen, Charles A. Boateng, Akwasi A. TI Prediction of Properties and Elemental Composition of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils by NMR and Partial Least Squares Analysis SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC FAST PYROLYSIS; FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; BIO-OIL; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CRUDE OILS; H-1-NMR; DISTILLATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SWITCHGRASS AB As with many substances derived from natural products, pyrolysis bio-oils are complex chemical mixtures and are extremely challenging to chemically characterize, requiring multiple separation and pretreatment steps followed by several different analytical techniques that need tedious adjustments and modifications when sample properties change. In this study, we present a way to simplify this analysis by using C-13 NMR to characterize such substances as a whole without modification. Using partial least-squares (PLS) regression, we report what we believe to be the first reported use of C-13 NMR to derive elemental composition information (mass fractions of C, H, N, and O) as well as the enthalpy of combustion (higher heating value), phenol and cresols concentrations, and the total acid number. Several PLS models were created correlating these various properties with the binned intensities of the H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra of 73 different samples consisting of pyrolysis bio-oils from various biomass sources and treatment protocols as well as finished fuels (gasoline, diesel, and biodiesel) and small molecule standards. Two models based exclusively on C-13 NMR data demonstrated the best overall ability to predict these same properties for unknown samples. The R-2 and RMSE of the predicted values are discussed in detail and are acceptable for many biofuel-related applications. That such properties and compositional measurements may be extracted from C-13 NMR spectra is a direct result of the detailed chemical structural information influencing the chemical shifts and resonance patterns. Because these models were built using a wide range of samples and conditions, they are expected to also be useful for a wider range of applications. C1 [Strahan, Gary D.; Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mullen, CA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM charles.mullen@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 423 EP 433 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02345 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DB6US UT WOS:000368651800048 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Evangelista, RL Isbell, TA AF Moser, Bryan R. Evangelista, Roque L. Isbell, Terry A. TI Preparation and Fuel Properties of Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) Seed Oil Ethyl Esters and Blends with Ultralow-Sulfur Diesel Fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ACID METHYL-ESTERS; L. SEED; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; SURFACE-TENSION; ALKYL ESTERS; FEEDSTOCKS; EXTRACTION; PETRODIESEL; COMPONENTS AB Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is a widely distributed winter annual with a high seed oil content (36%) and is suitable as an off-season rotational crop in the midwestern United States. Erucic [(13Z)-docosenoic] acid (36.2%) is the most abundant constituent in the oil, with unsaturated and very long-chain (20+ carbons) fatty acids comprising most of the remaining content. In a previous study, we described field pennycress seed oil methyl esters (FPMEs). Here, we report field pennycress seed oil ethyl esters (FPEEs) along with the properties of blends of FPMEs and FPEEs (B2-B20) in petrodiesel. These results are compared to American and European biodiesel and petrodiesel fuel standards. FPEEs were characterized by excellent low-temperature properties (cloud point of -15 degrees C), high cetane number (61.4), high kinematic viscosity (5.65 mm(2)/s), and low oxidative stability (induction period of 4.6 h). Both kinematic viscosity and oxidative stability did not meet EN 14214 limits but were within the ranges prescribed in ASTM D6751. With regard to blends, highly linear correlations (R-2 = 0.99) were noted between the blend ratio and density, energy content, kinematic viscosity, moisture content, and specific gravity. The acid value, sulfur content, and surface tension were essentially unaffected by the blend ratio. Oxidative stability was negatively affected by a higher biodiesel content, which is typical for blends. Cold flow properties were minimally impacted by the blend ratio, thus representing a significant advantage of FPMEs and FPEEs over other biodiesel fuels. Both FPMEs and FPEEs were excellent lubricity enhancers, because even small amounts (B2) markedly improved the lubricity of petrodiesel. Where applicable, fuel properties of the blends were within the limits prescribed in the petrodiesel standards. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.; Evangelista, Roque L.; Isbell, Terry A.] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM bryan.moser@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02591 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DB6US UT WOS:000368651800053 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, Lei TI Particle size and particle-particle interactions on tensile properties and reinforcement of corn flour particles in natural rubber SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Mechanical properties; Corn flour; Natural rubber; Rubber filler; Rubber composites ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MODIFIED STARCH; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; PROTEIN AB Renewable corn flour has significant reinforcement effect in natural rubber. The corn flour was hydrolyzed and microfluidized to reduce its particle size. Greater than 90% of the hydrolyzed corn flour had an average size of similar to 300 nm, a reduction of 33 times compared to un-hydrolyzed corn flour. Compared to un-hydrolyzed corn flour composites, the composites filled with 10-40% hydrolyzed corn flour had a significant increase in tensile strength (29-48%), Young's modulus (16-74%), and toughness (33-55%), but a decrease in elongation (4-29%). The 300% modulus also increased 2-3 times. Particle agglomeration at higher filler concentration observed by swelling study was significantly reduced after corn flour was oxidized to introduce particle -particle repulsion with negatively charged carboxylic acid functional groups. The oxidized corn flour was also found to interfere with sulfur crosslinking process and behaved like a scorch retarder. Reinforcement factor at linear viscoelastic region can be described by mechanical models for anisotropic reinforcement elements. The aspect ratio of the reinforcement elements also decreased as the temperature increased, indicating polymer softening within the reinforcement elements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jong, Lei] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lei.jong@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 EI 1873-1945 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 74 BP 136 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.11.018 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DC4PZ UT WOS:000369204100014 ER PT J AU Reynolds, GJ Gordon, TR McRoberts, N AF Reynolds, Gregory J. Gordon, Thomas R. McRoberts, Neil TI Quantifying the Impacts of Systemic Acquired Resistance to Pitch Canker on Monterey Pine Growth Rate and Hyperspectral Reflectance SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE systemic acquired resistance; Pinus radiata; pitch canker ID FUSARIUM-CIRCINATUM; FITNESS COSTS; SUGAR-BEET; INDUCTION; DEFENSE; CALIFORNIA; RADIATA; INDEXES; QUALITY AB Pitch canker, caused by Fusarium circinatum, is a disease affecting Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) and many other pine species throughout the world. The impact of pitch canker on Pinus radiata may be limited by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a phenomenon that elevates resistance to a pathogen after initial challenge by that pathogen or another microorganism. Allocation of resources to defense, as a consequence of SAR, is presumed to reduce resources available to support growth and reproduction, but specific fitness consequences associated with SAR in P. radiata have not been measured. To quantify impacts of SAR on growth rate, a 2 x 2 factorial experiment was established in which trees were either primed for SAR or unprimed, with half the trees in each of those two groups being inoculated with the pitch canker pathogen and the other half not inoculated. Priming for SAR was accomplished by inoculating one branch with F. circinatum and removing inoculated branches prior to subsequent challenge inoculations (= disease treatments). Disease treatments included three inoculations that were removed for measurement of lesion length, and three additional inoculations that remained on the tree as a representation of persistent disease. Control trees were mock inoculated with water. Main effects of priming and disease did not result in significant effects on growth rate. Based on hyperspectral canopy reflectance data, diseased trees were associated with higher difference vegetation index values and biomass. The absence of a negative impact on growth rate associated with SAR suggests that induction of resistance may have utility as a tool for management of pitch canker in plantations. C1 [Reynolds, Gregory J.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Linden, NJ 07036 USA. [Gordon, Thomas R.; McRoberts, Neil] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gordon, TR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM greynolds@ucdavis.edu; trgordon@ucdavis.edu; nmcroberts@ucdavis.edu OI McRoberts, Neil/0000-0001-6346-9461 FU Pebble Beach Company; U.S. Forest Service; University of California-Davis, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences FX The authors thank the Pebble Beach Company, U.S. Forest Service and University of California-Davis, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences for funding this research. We also acknowledge Tom Kominek, Mike Eldridge and Bryan Pellisier for assistance with planting and maintaining Monterey pine plantations. We thank Susan Ustin, George Scheer, and Michael Whiting for providing equipment and advice for our remote sensing work. We also thank Annie Montes, Ashley Hawkins, Celeste Felix, Jenna Yoshisato, Emmi Koivunen, Steven Heisey, Kelley Paugh, James Whitney and Lola Quasebarth for helping with field work and data collection. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 AR 20 DI 10.3390/f7010020 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DC8TX UT WOS:000369493700007 ER PT J AU Tomback, DF Resler, LM Keane, RE Pansing, ER Andrade, AJ Wagner, AC AF Tomback, Diana F. Resler, Lynn M. Keane, Robert E. Pansing, Elizabeth R. Andrade, Andrew J. Wagner, Aaron C. TI Community Structure, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Services in Treeline Whitebark Pine Communities: Potential Impacts from a Non-Native Pathogen SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Pinus albicaulis; alpine-treeline ecotone; biodiversity; community structure; keystone species; foundation species; ecosystem services; exotic pathogen; white pine blister rust; restoration ID NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; BLISTER RUST; ALPINE TREELINE; TOPOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATIONAL-PARK; DYNAMICS; USA; VEGETATION AB Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) has the largest and most northerly distribution of any white pine (Subgenus Strobus) in North America, encompassing 18 degrees latitude and 21 degrees longitude in western mountains. Within this broad range, however, whitebark pine occurs within a narrow elevational zone, including upper subalpine and treeline forests, and functions generally as an important keystone and foundation species. In the Rocky Mountains, whitebark pine facilitates the development of krummholz conifer communities in the alpine-treeline ecotone (ATE), and thus potentially provides capacity for critical ecosystem services such as snow retention and soil stabilization. The invasive, exotic pathogen Cronartium ribicola, which causes white pine blister rust, now occurs nearly rangewide in whitebark pine communities, to their northern limits. Here, we synthesize data from 10 studies to document geographic variation in structure, conifer species, and understory plants in whitebark pine treeline communities, and examine the potential role of these communities in snow retention and regulating downstream flows. Whitebark pine mortality is predicted to alter treeline community composition, structure, and function. Whitebark pine losses in the ATE may also alter response to climate warming. Efforts to restore whitebark pine have thus far been limited to subalpine communities, particularly through planting seedlings with potential blister rust resistance. We discuss whether restoration strategies might be appropriate for treeline communities. C1 [Tomback, Diana F.; Pansing, Elizabeth R.; Andrade, Andrew J.; Wagner, Aaron C.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Integrat Biol, CB 171,POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Resler, Lynn M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geog, 115 Major Williams Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Keane, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 US Hwy 10 West, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Tomback, DF (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Integrat Biol, CB 171,POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM diana.tomback@ucdenver.edu; resler@vt.edu; rkeane@fs.fed.us; elizabeth.pansing@ucdenver.edu; andrew.andrade@ucdenver.edu; aaron.wagner@ucdenver.edu FU National Science Foundation [808548]; University of Colorado Denver, Faculty Development Grant; Shoshone National Forest [FS-1500-17B]; University of Wyoming; U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service [1002614E-VATECH]; Charles Bullard Harvard Forest Fellowship, Harvard University FX We thank Joyce Gould, Alberta Parks, for information on treeline understory plant communities in Willmore Wilderness Park. The studies that provided data for this paper were funded by the National Science Foundation (grant 808548 to LMR, DFT, and G. P. Malanson); University of Colorado Denver, Faculty Development Grant (to DFT); Shoshone National Forest (grant FS-1500-17B, to DFT); and, University of Wyoming and U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service (award ID 1002614E-VATECH to LMR). Manuscript preparation in part was supported by a Charles Bullard Harvard Forest Fellowship, Harvard University, to DFT. NR 95 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 32 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 AR 21 DI 10.3390/f7010021 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DC8TX UT WOS:000369493700011 ER PT S AU Jaradat, AA AF Jaradat, Abdullah A. BE Ahuja, MR Jain, SM TI Genetic Erosion of Phoenix dactylifera L.: Perceptible, Probable, or Possible SO GENETIC DIVERSITY AND EROSION IN PLANTS, VOL 2: CASE HISTORIES SE Sustainable Development and Biodiversity LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Abiotic stress; Agrobiodiversity; Biotic stress; Genetic diversity; Genetic erosion; Indigenous knowledge; Vulnerability ID RHYNCHOPHORUS-FERRUGINEUS COLEOPTERA; RED PALM WEEVIL; LAND-USE CHANGE; BAYOUD-DISEASE RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO CULTURE; DATE-PALM; TISSUE-CULTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GLOBAL CHANGE AB Genetic diversity of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) encompasses genetic differences among and within species, subspecies, populations, cultivars, and individual clones in traditional oases and plantations. Components of this diversity can be estimated, throughout the tree's ontogeny, at the phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels using quantitative, qualitative, and ecological parameters. Due to recent extensive expansion of its cultivation in plantations, P. dactylifera, as a species, may not be immediately threatened by genetic erosion in spite of documented isolated cases where some oasis agroecosystems passed ecological thresholds, leading to irreversible changes in the ecosystem and the loss of valuable genetic resources and associated ecosystem services. However, threats to genetic diversity increased during the last similar to 30 years partly due to the introduction of improved mass propagation methods of a limited number of elite date palm cultivars to the exclusion of many others; this widespread practice may have led to genetic vulnerability of the species to biotic (e.g., red palm weevil [(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)] and Bayoud, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis) and abiotic (e.g., drought, heat, sand encroachment, desertification, aquifer depletion, and salinity) stresses, especially in view of climate change. Selecting a small number of resistant cultivars to biotic stresses is a further threat to the diversity of the species if the resistance to a particular disease or insect proved to be short lived because of changing climatic conditions or through a change in the virulence of the pest. Traditional propagation using offshoots of elite cultivars having desirable fruit quality traits may lead to the confinement of these cultivars to certain oases; its impact on genetic diversity will, most certainly, be influenced by plant quarantine regulations and the ease with which date palm propagules can be moved between oases, plantations, countries, and regions of the world; whereas the current massive propagation of a few elite date palm cultivars using tissue culture and other mass propagation methods, at the expense of less popular but genetically valuable adapted cultivars, may exacerbate the problem of genetic erosion. In order to combat potential genetic erosion, in-depth understanding of genetic diversity and genetic structure of the species' gene pool complex, which have been shaped and greatly altered by human and natural selection, clonal propagation, and spatiotemporal exchange of germplasm, is indispensable. This chapter will present a comprehensive assessment of the factors with tangible or potential impact on date palm genetic diversity; appropriate research methodologies to quantify and partition genetic diversity; and strategies that can be implemented at the oasis, plantation, regional, and global levels, to enhance sustainable use and conservation of maximum genetic diversity and combat genetic erosion in the date palm. C1 [Jaradat, Abdullah A.] USDA ARS, Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Jaradat, Abdullah A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Jaradat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA.; Jaradat, AA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Minneapolis, MN USA. EM abdullah.jaradat@ars.usda.gov NR 240 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2352-474X BN 978-3-319-25954-3; 978-3-319-25953-6 J9 SUSTAIN DEV BIODIVER PY 2016 VL 8 BP 131 EP 213 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-25954-3_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-25954-3 PG 83 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA BE2KB UT WOS:000369481900005 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, VI Carkovic, AB Lobo, GP Flanagan, DC Bonilla, CA AF Gonzalez, Virginia I. Carkovic, Athena B. Lobo, Gabriel P. Flanagan, Dennis C. Bonilla, Carlos A. TI Spatial discretization of large watersheds and its influence on the estimation of hillslope sediment yield SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE geographic information systems; GeoWEPP; large watershed; sediment yield; TOPAZ; watershed discretization ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; PROJECT WEPP MODEL; TOPOGRAPHICALLY COMPLEX LANDSCAPES; SOIL-EROSION MODEL; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; TRANSPORT MODEL; NETWORKS; RUNOFF; AREAS AB The combined use of water erosion models and geographic information systems has facilitated soil loss estimation at the watershed scale. Tools such as the Geo-spatial interface for the Water Erosion Prediction Project (GeoWEPP) model provide a convenient spatially distributed soil loss estimate but require discretization to identify hillslopes and channels. In GeoWEPP, the TOpographic PArameteriZation (TOPAZ) model is used as an automated procedure to extract a watershed boundary, hillslopes and channels from a digital elevation model (DEM). Previous studies in small watersheds have shown that the size of the hillslopes and the channel distribution affect the model estimates, but in large watersheds, the effects on the soil loss estimates have yet to be tested. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of discretization on the hillslope sediment yield estimates using GeoWEPP in two large watersheds (>10km(2)). The watersheds were selected and discretized varying the TOPAZ parameters [critical source area (CSA) and minimum source channel length (MSCL)] in a 30-m resolution digital elevation model. The drainage networks built with TOPAZ were compared with each other using the drainage density index. The results showed that the discretization affected hillslope sediment yield estimates and their spatial distribution more than the total runoff. The drainage density index and the hillslope sediment yield were proportional but inversely related; thus, soil loss estimates were highly affected by the spatial discretization. As a result of this analysis, a method to choose the CSA and MSCL values that generates the greatest fraction of hillslopes having profile lengths less than 200m was developed. This slope length condition is particularly crucial when using the WEPP and GeoWEPP models, in order for them to produce realistic estimates of sheet and rill erosion. Finally, and as a result of this analysis, a more reliable method was developed for selecting the TOPAZ channel network parameters (CSA and MSCL). Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gonzalez, Virginia I.; Carkovic, Athena B.; Lobo, Gabriel P.; Bonilla, Carlos A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Hidraul & Ambiental, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile. [Flanagan, Dennis C.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bonilla, CA (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Hidraul & Ambiental, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile. EM cbonilla@ing.puc.cl RI Bonilla, Carlos/A-1676-2013 FU Native Forest Research Fund of the Chile National Forest Corporation CONAF [050/2011] FX We acknowledge Dr Chris Renschler (Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA) and Dr Martin Minkowski (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) for assistance with the interpretation of GeoWEPP. This research was supported with funds from the Native Forest Research Fund of the Chile National Forest Corporation CONAF under grant no. 050/2011. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1002/hyp.10559 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DC3ZZ UT WOS:000369160600003 ER PT J AU Jones, RW AF Jones, Richard W. TI Application of succulent plant leaves for Agrobacterium infiltration-mediated protein production SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Xyloglucanase inhibitor; Xyloglucanase; Agrobacterium; Crassulaceae ID EXPRESSION AB When expressing plant cell wall degrading enzymes in the widely used tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) after Agrobacterium infiltration, difficulties arise due to the thin leaf structure. Thick leaved succulents, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Hylotelephium telephium, were tested as alternatives. A xyloglucanase, as well as a xyloglucanase inhibitor protein was successfully produced. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jones, Richard W.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM richard.jones@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [1275-21220-251-00D] FX This project was funded by USDA-ARS CRIS #1275-21220-251-00D. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JAN PY 2016 VL 120 BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.11.017 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA DC9SI UT WOS:000369560900012 PM 26658852 ER PT J AU Kovalskaya, N Foster-Frey, J Donovan, DM Bauchan, G Hammond, RW AF Kovalskaya, Natalia Foster-Frey, Juli Donovan, David M. Bauchan, Gary Hammond, Rosemarie W. TI Antimicrobial Activity of Bacteriophage Endolysin Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endolysin; vacuolar targeting; potato proteinase inhibitor I; transient expression; Potato virus X; Nicotiana benthamiana ID POTATO-VIRUS-X; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; TOBACCO CHLOROPLASTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION; MEMBRANE; PINHOLIN; DEFENSIN AB The increasing spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has raised the interest in alternative antimicrobial treatments. In our study, the functionally active gram-negative bacterium bacteriophage CP933 endolysin was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by a combination of transient expression and vacuole targeting strategies, and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. Expression of the cp933 gene in E. coli led to growth inhibition and lysis of the host cells or production of trace amounts of CP933. Cytoplasmic expression of the cp933 gene in plants using Potato virus X-based transient expression vectors (pP2C2S and pGR107) resulted in death of the apical portion of experimental plants. To protect plants against the toxic effects of the CP933 protein, the cp933 coding region was fused at its N-terminus to an N-terminal signal peptide from the potato proteinase inhibitor I to direct CP933 to the delta-type vacuoles. Plants producing the CP933 fusion protein did not exhibit the severe toxic effects seen with the unfused protein and the level of expression was 0.16 mg/g of plant tissue. Antimicrobial assays revealed that, in contrast to gram-negative bacterium E. coli (BL21(DE3)), the gram-positive plant pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis was more susceptible to the plant-produced CP933, showing 18% growth inhibition. The results of our experiments demonstrate that the combination of transient expression and protein targeting to the delta vacuoles is a promising approach to produce functionally active proteins that exhibit toxicity when expressed in plant cells. C1 [Kovalskaya, Natalia; Hammond, Rosemarie W.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Foster-Frey, Juli; Donovan, David M.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bauchan, Gary] ARS, Electron & Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kovalskaya, N (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM natalia.kovalskaya@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1017-7825 EI 1738-8872 J9 J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN JI J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.4014/jmb.1505.05060 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA DC9AK UT WOS:000369512300020 PM 26403819 ER PT J AU Lima, I Klasson, KT Uchimiya, M AF Lima, Isabel Klasson, K. Thomas Uchimiya, Minori TI Selective Release of Inorganic Constituents in Broiler Manure Biochars under Different Post-Activation Treatments SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; POULTRY LITTER; AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES; COMBUSTION PROPERTIES; STEAM GASIFICATION; HEAVY-METALS; BY-PRODUCTS; PYROLYSIS; BIOMASS; CARBONS AB Poultry-litter activated biochars (PLAB) with enhanced metals adsorption may contain significant amounts of inorganic material. This study traces key elements (Ca-Fe-K-Mg-Na-P) from litter to PLAB and selective fate upon acid/water treatments. Samples were pyrolyzed 1 hr/700 degrees C, steam-activated 45 min/800 degrees C, and acid washed/rinsed. Mineral composition concentrated during pyrolysis/activation. Acid wash/water treatments removed unbound inorganics with highest extraction for K (37-100%) and Na (27-49%) and lowest for Fe (0-0.02%). Remaining elements leached significantly less indicating selective removal as influenced by composition and pyrolysis/activation effects on solubility. Heavy metals concentrated upon activation with negligent leaching regarding treatment. Post-activation treatments may improve usability of PLAB in wastewater applications by avoiding unwanted elemental leaching without compromising functionality. C1 [Lima, Isabel; Klasson, K. Thomas; Uchimiya, Minori] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lima, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM isabel.lima@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA DD2BY UT WOS:000369728600006 ER PT J AU Xu, CP Mou, BQ AF Xu, Chenping Mou, Beiquan TI Responses of Spinach to Salinity and Nutrient Deficiency in Growth, Physiology, and Nutritional Value SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Spinacia oleracea; antioxidant; nitrogen; phosphorus; phytochemicals; potassium ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; LACTUCA-SATIVA L.; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; SALT STRESS; PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY; NITROGEN DEFICIENCY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; LEAF-AREA; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE AB Salinity and nutrient-depleted soil are major constraints to crop production, especially for vegetable crops. The effects of salinity and nutrient deficiency on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were evaluated in sand cultures under greenhouse conditions. Plants were watered every day with Hoagland nutrition solution, deprived of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), or potassium (K) for nutrient deficiency, either with or without 20/10 mm sodium chloride (NaCl)/calcium chloride (CaCl2) for salinity treatment. Salinity significantly decreased shoot fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), leaf relative water content (RWC), and specific leaf area (SLA) relative to controls after 4 weeks of treatment and increased chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency (F-v/F-m), and photochemical yield [Y(II)]. Nitrogen deficiency greatly reduced shoot FW and DW, SLA, and chlorophyll content, regardless of salt treatment. Y(II) and F-v/F-m were reduced by N deficiency and salinity treatment. Phosphorous and K deficiencies, similarly, decreased shoot FW and DW irrespective of salinity treatment and increased chlorophyll content without salt stress. Phosphorous deficiency increased Y(II) under control and F-v/F-m under both control and salt treatment. Salinity and nutrient deficiency also affected the nutritional value of spinach. Salt stress increased carotenoid and flavonoid contents, and reducing power in full-strength Hoagland solution, and decreased leaf ferrous ion chelating ability (FICA). Nutrient deficiency increased reducing power regardless of salinity treatment. Nitrogen deficiency increased anthocyanin and total phenolic contents, decreased carotenoids and flavonoids regardless of salinity treatment, and increased antioxidant capacity under no-salt conditions. Phosphorous deficiency increased carotenoid and flavonoid contents under no-salt condition and enhanced total phenolic content and reduced FICA and amino acid content under salt stress. Potassium deficiency increased total phenolic, carotenoid, and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity under non-salt condition, but decreased FICA regardless of salinity treatment. These results suggest that spinach nutritional value could be improved with only moderately or slightly reduced yield through cultural practices that impose either low fertilizer levels or slight salt stress. C1 [Xu, Chenping; Mou, Beiquan] ARS, USDA, 1636 East Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Xu, CP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 East Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM chenping.xu@ars.usda.gov FU California Department of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grant Program [SCB13047] FX This research was supported by a grant from the California Department of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grant Program (SCB13047). NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 39 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 141 IS 1 BP 12 EP 21 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA DC8KA UT WOS:000369467100002 ER PT J AU Havey, MJ Ahn, YK AF Havey, Michael J. Ahn, Yul-Kyun TI Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Indel Markers from the Transcriptome of Garlic SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium sativum; complementary DNA; genetic variation; molecular markers ID ALLIUM-SATIVUM L.; EXPRESSED REGIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SEED PRODUCTION; RAPD MARKERS; SSR MARKERS; ONION; CLONES; GENOME; CLASSIFICATION AB Garlic (Allium sativum) is cultivated worldwide and appreciated for its culinary uses. In spite of primarily being asexually propagated, garlic shows great morphological variation and adaptability to diverse production environments. Molecular markers and phenotypic characteristics have been used to assess the genetic diversity among garlics. In this study, we undertook transcriptome sequencing from a single garlic plant to identify molecular markers in expressed regions of the garlic genome. Garlic sequences were assembled and selected if they were similar to monomorphic sequences from a doubled haploid (DH) of onion (Allium cepa). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion deletion (indel) events were identified in 4355 independent garlic assemblies. A sample of the indels was verified using the original complementary DNA (cDNA) library and genomics DNAs from diverse garlics, and segregations confirmed by sexual progenies of garlic. These molecular markers from the garlic transcriptome should be useful for estimates of genetic diversity, identification and removal of duplicate accessions from germplasm collections, and the development of a detailed genetic map of this important vegetable crop. C1 [Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ahn, Yul-Kyun] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Hort & Herbal Sci, 100 Nongsaeng Ro, Wanju Gun 565852, Jeollabuk Do, South Korea. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu FU Rural Development Administration (South Korea) [PJ01044901]; USDA Specialty Crops Research Initiative (USA) [2008-51180-04875] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of grant from PJ01044901 the Rural Development Administration (South Korea) to Y-Kyun Ahn and grant 2008-51180-04875 from the USDA Specialty Crops Research Initiative (USA) to Michael J. Havey, as well as bioinformatic help of Fenglou Mao of the UW Biotechnology Center and technical assistance of Christy Stewart. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 141 IS 1 BP 62 EP 65 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA DC8KA UT WOS:000369467100007 ER PT S AU Green, BT Brown, DR AF Green, Benedict T. Brown, David R. BE Lyte, M TI Interactions Between Bacteria and the Gut Mucosa: Do Enteric Neurotransmitters Acting on the Mucosal Epithelium Influence Intestinal Colonization or Infection? SO MICROBIAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: INTERKINGDOM SIGNALING IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND HEALTH, 2ND EDITION SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CATECHOLAMINE-INDUCED GROWTH; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A SECRETION; PORCINE COLONIC-MUCOSA; PIG SMALL-INTESTINE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS; PEYERS-PATCHES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA AB The intestinal epithelium is a critical barrier between the internal and external milieux of the mammalian host. Epithelial interactions between these two host environments have been shown to be modulated by several different, cross-communicating cell types residing in the gut mucosa. These include enteric neurons, whose activity is influenced by bacterial pathogens, and their secreted products. Neurotransmitters appear to influence epithelial associations with bacteria in the intestinal lumen. For example, internalization of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 into the Peyer's patch mucosa of the small intestine is altered after the inhibition of neural activity with saxitoxin, a neuronal sodium channel blocker. Catecholamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, also alter bacterial internalization in Peyer's patches. In the large intestine, norepinephrine increases the mucosal adherence of E. coli. These neurotransmitter actions are mediated by well-defined catecholamine receptors situated on the basolateral membranes of epithelial cells rather than through direct interactions with luminal bacteria. Investigations of the involvement of neuroepithelial communication in the regulation of interactions between the intestinal mucosa and luminal bacteria will provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying bacterial colonization and pathogenesis at mucosal surfaces. C1 [Green, Benedict T.] ARS, USDA, 1150 E,1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Brown, David R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ben.green@ars.usda.gov; brown013@umn.edu NR 128 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-2598 BN 978-3-319-20215-0; 978-3-319-20214-3 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 874 BP 121 EP 141 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0 PG 21 WC Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA BE2OI UT WOS:000369712700006 PM 26589216 ER PT S AU Bearson, BL AF Bearson, Bradley L. BE Lyte, M TI Molecular Profiling: Catecholamine Modulation of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium SO MICROBIAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: INTERKINGDOM SIGNALING IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND HEALTH, 2ND EDITION SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE E. coli O157:H7; Salmonella Typhimurium; Catecholamine; Transcription; Nutritional immunity; Bacterial motility; Epinephrine; Norepinephrine ID QSEB RESPONSE REGULATOR; SENSOR KINASE; HOST COMMUNICATION; PEPTIDE RESISTANCE; IRON ACQUISITION; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; IN-VITRO; NOREPINEPHRINE; VIRULENCE; SYSTEM AB Investigations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium have demonstrated that these bacterial pathogens can respond to the presence of catecholamines including norepinephrine and/or epinephrine in their environment by modulating gene expression and exhibiting various phenotypes. For example, one of the most intensively investigated phenotypes following exposure of E. coli and S. Typhimurium to norepinephrine is enhanced bacterial growth in a serum-based medium. Host-pathogen investigations have demonstrated that the mammalian host utilizes nutritional immunity to sequester iron and prevent extraintestinal growth by bacterial pathogens. However, Salmonella and certain E. coli strains have a genetic arsenal designed for subversion and subterfuge of the host. Norepinephrine enhances bacterial growth due, in part, to increased iron availability, and transcriptional profiling indicates differential expression of genes encoding iron acquisition and transport proteins. Bacterial motility of E. coli and S. Typhimurium is also enhanced in the presence of catecholamines and increased flagellar gene expression has been described. Furthermore, epinephrine and norepinephrine are chemoattractants for E. coli O157:H7. In S. Typhimurium, norepinephrine enhances horizontal gene transfer and increases expression of genes involved in plasmid transfer. Exposure of E. coli O157:H7 to norepinephrine increases expression of the genes encoding Shiga toxin and operons within the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). Alterations in the transcriptional response of enteric bacteria to catecholamine exposure in vivo are predicted to enhance bacterial colonization and pathogen virulence. This chapter will review the current literature on the transcriptional response of E. coli and S. Typhimurium to catecholamines. C1 [Bearson, Bradley L.] ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bearson, BL (reprint author), ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brad.bearson@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-2598 BN 978-3-319-20215-0; 978-3-319-20214-3 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 874 BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0 PG 16 WC Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA BE2OI UT WOS:000369712700008 PM 26589218 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MK AF Schwartz, Michael K. TI Recipient of the 2015 Molecular Ecology Prize: Fred Allendorf SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Natl Genom Ctr Wildlife & Fish Conservat, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Natl Genom Ctr Wildlife & Fish Conservat, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. EM michaelkschwartz@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 BP 450 EP 453 DI 10.1111/mec.13503 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DC9GU UT WOS:000369530000001 PM 26800037 ER PT J AU Torrans, L Ott, B AF Torrans, Les Ott, Brian TI No Evidence for Intercohort Cannibalism in Mixed-Size Cultures of Food-Size and Fingerling Channel Catfish x Blue Catfish Hybrids Grown in Ponds SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION AB Female Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus x male Blue Catfish I. furcatus hybrids are normally harvested by seining single-batch pond or split-pond production systems in fall or winter. Ponds are typically restocked with fingerlings without draining. There is concern that without completely draining the pond after harvest, food-size hybrids that escape seining may cannibalize restocked fingerlings. The purpose of this study was to determine if such hybrid fingerlings stocked after the fall harvest would be cannibalized by the larger carryover fish during winter or the following growing season. Three 0.04-ha ponds were each stocked on November 25, 2013, with 100 food-size hybrid catfish averaging 1.07 kg. Those three ponds and an additional three ponds were then stocked on November 27, 2013, with 300 hybrid catfish fingerlings averaging 14.8 g. The fish were not fed over winter. Mean survival of the fingerlings after 4 months at 91.9% and 92.9% was not significantly different between treatments. Survival of the food-size fish was 99.7%. Four ponds stocked with fingerling and food-size hybrids and an additional four ponds stocked with just fingerlings in April 2014 were harvested in October. Survival of the fingerlings was not significantly different between ponds with (88.8%) and without (90.3%) food-size fish. We found no significant intercohort cannibalism by food-size hybrid catfish on understocked fingerlings either overwinter or during the following growing season. C1 [Torrans, Les; Ott, Brian] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Aquaculture Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Torrans, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Aquaculture Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM les.torrans@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information System [6402-13320-004-00D] FX We thank the permanent and summer staff of the Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit for their assistance with this study, B. Bosworth and B. Peterson for their helpful reviews of this manuscript, and C. Tucker for his encouragement and major contributions to this manuscript. This project was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information System, Project 6402-13320-004-00D, "Improving production efficiency warm water aquaculture through water quality management." Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 78 IS 1 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1080/15222055.2015.1094159 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DC9BI UT WOS:000369514900007 ER PT J AU Ma, JT Karlsen, MC Chung, M Jacques, PF Saltzman, E Smith, CE Fox, CS McKeown, NM AF Ma, Jiantao Karlsen, Micaela C. Chung, Mei Jacques, Paul F. Saltzman, Edward Smith, Caren E. Fox, Caroline S. McKeown, Nicola M. TI Potential link between excess added sugar intake and ectopic fat: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE added sugar; ectopic fat depots; liver fat; muscle fat; visceral adipose tissue ID INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIVER-DISEASE; HIGH-FRUCTOSE; VISCERAL FAT; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INTRAHEPATIC LIPIDS; HEALTHY HUMANS; CONSUMPTION; SUCROSE; RISK AB Context: The effect of added sugar intake on ectopic fat accumulation is a subject of debate. Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to examine the potential effect of added sugar intake on ectopic fat depots. Data Sources: MEDLINE, CAB Abstracts, CAB Global Health, and EBM (Evidence-Based Medicine) Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for studies published from 1973 to September 2014. Data Extraction: RCTs with a minimum of 6 days' duration of added sugar exposure in the intervention group were selected. The dosage of added sugar intake as a percentage of total energy was extracted or calculated. Means and standard deviations of pre- and post-test measurements or changes in ectopic fat depots were collected. Data Synthesis: Fourteen RCTs were included. Most of the studies had a medium to high risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with eucaloric controls, subjects who consumed added sugar under hypercaloric conditions likely increased ectopic fat, particularly in the liver (pooled standardized mean difference = 0.9 [95% CI, 0.6-1.2], n = 6) and muscles (pooled SMD = 0.6 [95% CI, 0.2-1.0], n = 4). No significant difference was observed in liver fat, visceral adipose tissue, or muscle fat when isocaloric intakes of different sources of added sugars were compared. Conclusions: Data from a limited number of RCTs suggest that excess added sugar intake under hypercaloric diet conditions likely increases ectopic fat depots, particularly in the liver and in muscle fat. There are insufficient data to compare the effect of different sources of added sugars on ectopic fat deposition or to compare intake of added sugar with intakes of other macronutrients. Future well-designed RCTs with sufficient power and duration are needed to address the role of sugars on ectopic fat deposition. C1 [Ma, Jiantao; Karlsen, Micaela C.; Jacques, Paul F.; Saltzman, Edward; Smith, Caren E.; McKeown, Nicola M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Chung, Mei] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Nutr Infect Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Fox, Caroline S.] NHLBIs Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Fox, Caroline S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP McKeown, NM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nicola.mckeown@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-0-014]; Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute FX This project was supported by US Department of Agriculture Agreement No. 58-1950-0-014 and the Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The funders had no role in study selection, quality assessment, synthesis, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0029-6643 EI 1753-4887 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 74 IS 1 BP 18 EP 32 DI 10.1093/nutrit/nuv047 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA DC9JQ UT WOS:000369538100002 PM 26518034 ER PT J AU Weaver, CM Alexander, DD Boushey, CJ Dawson-Hughes, B Lappe, JM LeBoff, MS Liu, S Looker, AC Wallace, TC Wang, DD AF Weaver, C. M. Alexander, D. D. Boushey, C. J. Dawson-Hughes, B. Lappe, J. M. LeBoff, M. S. Liu, S. Looker, A. C. Wallace, T. C. Wang, D. D. TI Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Calcium; Fracture; Supplement; Vitamin D ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY-WOMEN; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; HEALTH OUTCOMES; CHOLECALCIFEROL SUPPLEMENTATION; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PARATHYROID-HORMONE AB The aim was to meta-analyze randomized controlled trials of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and fracture prevention. Meta-analysis showed a significant 15 % reduced risk of total fractures (summary relative risk estimate [SRRE], 0.85; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.98) and a 30 % reduced risk of hip fractures (SRRE, 0.70; 95 % CI, 0.56-0.87). Introduction Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation has been widely recommended to prevent osteoporosis and subsequent fractures; however, considerable controversy exists regarding the association of such supplementation and fracture risk. The aim was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [RCTs] of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and fracture prevention in adults. Methods A PubMed literature search was conducted for the period from July 1, 2011 through July 31, 2015. RCTs reporting the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on fracture incidence were selected from English-language studies. Qualitative and quantitative information was extracted; random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to generate summary relative risk estimates (SRREs) for total and hip fractures. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I (2) statistic, and potential for publication bias was assessed. Results Of the citations retrieved, eight studies including 30,970 participants met criteria for inclusion in the primary analysis, reporting 195 hip fractures and 2231 total fractures. Meta-analysis of all studies showed that calcium plus vitamin D supplementation produced a statistically significant 15 % reduced risk of total fractures (SRRE, 0.85; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.98) and a 30 % reduced risk of hip fractures (SRRE, 0.70; 95 % CI, 0.56-0.87). Numerous sensitivity and subgroup analyses produced similar summary associations. A limitation is that this study utilized data from subgroup analysis of the Women's Health Initiative. Conclusions This meta-analysis of RCTs supports the use of calcium plus vitamin D supplements as an intervention for fracture risk reduction in both community-dwelling and institutionalized middle-aged to older adults. C1 [Weaver, C. M.] Purdue Univ, Womens Global Hlth Inst, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Alexander, D. D.] EpidStat Inst, Evergreen, CO USA. [Boushey, C. J.] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Canc, Canc Epidemiol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lappe, J. M.] Creighton Univ, Sch Nursing, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Lappe, J. M.] Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [LeBoff, M. S.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Skeletal Hlth & Osteoporosis Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [LeBoff, M. S.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med,Bone Dens Unit, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Hypertens,Calcium & Bone, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Liu, S.] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Looker, A. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Wallace, T. C.] Natl Osteoporosis Fdn, 1150 17th St NW,Suite 850, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Wallace, T. C.] George Mason Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wang, D. D.] Tufts Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wallace, TC (reprint author), Natl Osteoporosis Fdn, 1150 17th St NW,Suite 850, Washington, DC 20036 USA.; Wallace, TC (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM taylor.wallace@nof.org FU Consumer Healthcare Products Association; Council for Responsible Nutrition; Natural Products Association FX Funding for this study was provided through unrestricted educational grants from the Consumer Healthcare Products Association, the Council for Responsible Nutrition, and the Natural Products Association. The funding bodies had no influence on the study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; and the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 12 U2 23 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X EI 1433-2965 J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 1 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s00198-015-3386-5 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DC9FC UT WOS:000369525500043 PM 26510847 ER PT J AU Shockey, J Regmi, A Cotton, K Adhikari, N Browse, J Bates, PD AF Shockey, Jay Regmi, Anushobha Cotton, Kimberly Adhikari, Neil Browse, John Bates, Philip D. TI Identification of Arabidopsis GPAT9 (At5g60620) as an Essential Gene Involved in Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCEROL 3-PHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE; CHILLING-SENSITIVE PLANT; GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE; MICROSOMAL PREPARATIONS; DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; DEVELOPING SEEDS; FATTY-ACIDS; ACYL-COA; SN-GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE AB The first step in the biosynthesis of nearly all plant membrane phospholipids and storage triacylglycerols is catalyzed by a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). The requirement for an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized GPAT for both of these critical metabolic pathways was recognized more than 60 years ago. However, identification of the gene(s) encoding this GPAT activity has remained elusive. Here, we present the results of a series of in vivo, in vitro, and in silico experiments in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) designed to assign this essential function to AtGPAT9. This gene has been highly conserved throughout evolution and is largely present as a single copy in most plants, features consistent with essential housekeeping functions. A knockout mutant of AtGPAT9 demonstrates both male and female gametophytic lethality phenotypes, consistent with the role in essential membrane lipid synthesis. Significant expression of developing seed AtGPAT9 is required for wild-type levels of triacylglycerol accumulation, and the transcript level is directly correlated to the level of microsomal GPAT enzymatic activity in seeds. Finally, the AtGPAT9 protein interacts with other enzymes involved in ER glycerolipid biosynthesis, suggesting the possibility of ER-localized lipid biosynthetic complexes. Together, these results suggest that GPAT9 is the ER-localized GPAT enzyme responsible for plant membrane lipid and oil biosynthesis. C1 [Shockey, Jay] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Regmi, Anushobha; Bates, Philip D.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Cotton, Kimberly; Adhikari, Neil; Browse, John] Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Bates, PD (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM philip.bates@usm.edu OI Adhikari, Neil/0000-0002-2935-1870; Regmi, Anushobha/0000-0003-1819-6147; Bates, Philip/0000-0002-1291-3363 FU National Science Foundation [EPS 0903787, EPS 1006883, IOS-1339385]; Mississippi INBRE; Institutional Development Award of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health [P20GM103476]; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences [T32 GM008336]; University of Southern Mississippi Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry New Faculty Start-Up program FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. EPS 0903787 and EPS 1006883 and Plant Genome Research Program grant no. IOS-1339385), Mississippi INBRE, funded by an Institutional Development Award of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health (grant no. P20GM103476), a National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences-funded predoctoral fellowship (T32 GM008336) to K.C., and the University of Southern Mississippi Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry New Faculty Start-Up program. NR 96 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 25 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 170 IS 1 BP 163 EP 179 DI 10.1104/pp.15.01563 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DC6OB UT WOS:000369338300013 PM 26586834 ER PT J AU Yoong, FY O'Brien, LK Truco, MJ Huo, HQ Sideman, R Hayes, R Michelmore, RW Bradford, KJ AF Yoong, Fei-Yian O'Brien, Laurel K. Truco, Maria Jose Huo, Heqiang Sideman, Rebecca Hayes, Ryan Michelmore, Richard W. Bradford, Kent J. TI Genetic Variation for Thermotolerance in Lettuce Seed Germination Is Associated with Temperature-Sensitive Regulation of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDO-BETA-MANNANASE; ABSCISIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; FAGUS-SYLVATICA SEEDS; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ETHYLENE RESPONSE; TOMATO SEEDS; GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MICROPYLAR ENDOSPERM AB Seeds of most lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars are susceptible to thermoinhibition, or failure to germinate at temperatures above approximately 28 degrees C, creating problems for crop establishment in the field. Identifying genes controlling thermoinhibition would enable the development of cultivars lacking this trait and, therefore, being less sensitive to high temperatures during planting. Seeds of a primitive accession (PI251246) of lettuce exhibited high-temperature germination capacity up to 33 degrees C. Screening a recombinant inbred line population developed from PI215246 and cv Salinas identified a major quantitative trait locus (Htg9.1) from PI251246 associated with the high-temperature germination phenotype. Further genetic analyses discovered a tight linkage of the Htg9.1 phenotype with a specific DNA marker (NM4182) located on a single genomic sequence scaffold. Expression analyses of the 44 genes encoded in this genomic region revealed that only a homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (termed LsERF1) was differentially expressed between PI251246 and cv Salinas seeds imbibed at high temperature (30 degrees C). LsERF1 belongs to a large family of transcription factors associated with the ethylene-signaling pathway. Physiological assays of ethylene synthesis, response, and action in parental and near-isogenic Htg9.1 genotypes strongly implicate LsERF1 as the gene responsible for the Htg9.1 phenotype, consistent with the established role for ethylene in germination thermotolerance of Compositae seeds. Expression analyses of genes associated with the abscisic acid and gibberellin biosynthetic pathways and results of biosynthetic inhibitor and hormone response experiments also support the hypothesis that differential regulation of LsERF1 expression in PI251246 seeds elevates their upper temperature limit for germination through interactions among pathways regulated by these hormones. Our results support a model in which LsERF1 acts through the promotion of gibberellin biosynthesis to counter the inhibitory effects of abscisic acid and, therefore, promote germination at high temperatures. C1 [Yoong, Fei-Yian; O'Brien, Laurel K.; Huo, Heqiang; Michelmore, Richard W.; Bradford, Kent J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Seed Biotechnol Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Truco, Maria Jose; Michelmore, Richard W.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sideman, Rebecca] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hayes, Ryan] ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Bradford, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Seed Biotechnol Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kjbradford@ucdavis.edu FU Progeny Advanced Genetics; University of California [bio03-10398]; National Science Foundation [0820451]; CSREES Regional Research Project [W3168] FX This work was supported by Progeny Advanced Genetics and University of California Discovery (grant no. bio03-10398 to K.J.B.), the National Science Foundation (Compositae Genome Project grant no. 0820451 to R.W.M., K.J.B., and others) and CSREES Regional Research Project W3168. NR 85 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 34 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 170 IS 1 BP 472 EP 488 DI 10.1104/pp.15.01251 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DC6OB UT WOS:000369338300035 PM 26574598 ER PT J AU Coopersmith, EJ Cosh, MH Bell, JE Crow, WT AF Coopersmith, E. J. Cosh, M. H. Bell, J. E. Crow, W. T. TI Multi-Profile Analysis of Soil Moisture within the US Climate Reference Network SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE COLLOCATION; CALIBRATION AB Soil moisture estimates are crucial for hydrologic modeling and agricultural decision-support efforts. These measurements are also pivotal for long-term inquiries regarding the impacts of climate change and the resulting droughts over large spatial and temporal scales. However, it has only been the past decade during which ground-based soil moisture sensory resources have become sufficient to tackle these important challenges. Despite this progress, random and systematic errors remain in ground-based soil moisture observations. Such errors must be quantified (and/or adequately minimized) before such observations can be used with full confidence. In response, this paper calibrates and analyzes US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) profile estimates at each of three sensors collocated at each USCRN location. With each USCRN location consisting of three independent, Hydraprobe measurements, triple collocation analysis of these sensory triads reveals the random error associated with this particular sensing technology in each individual location. This allows quantification of the accuracy of these individual profiles, the random errors associated with these measurements in different geographic locations, and offers the potential for more adept quality control procedures in near real time. Averaged over USCRN gauge locations nationally, this random error is determined to be approximately 0.012 m(3)/m(3). C1 [Coopersmith, E. J.; Cosh, M. H.; Crow, W. T.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bell, J. E.] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Bell, J. E.] NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Coopersmith, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ecooper2@gmail.com FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX The USDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Ave., S.W., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800)795-3272 (voice) or (202)720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This work was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 DI 10.2136/vzj2015.01.0016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA DC6DE UT WOS:000369309200001 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RC Evett, SR Anderson, SK Anderson, DJ AF Schwartz, Robert C. Evett, Steven R. Anderson, Scott K. Anderson, David J. TI Evaluation of a Direct-Coupled Time-Domain Reflectometry for Determination of Soil Water Content and Bulk Electrical Conductivity SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY MODEL; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; CALIBRATION; SALINITY; PROBES AB Signal degradation in coaxial cables and interconnects is a long-standing problem in the practical deployment of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) for soil water monitoring. Acclima, Inc. has recently commercialized a TDR sensor (TDR-315) with all electronics required for waveform acquisition embedded in the probe head. We calibrated ten TDR-315 sensors and conventional TDR for apparent permittivity (K-alpha) and bulk electrical conductivity (sigma(alpha)) measurements. Also, soil water content calibrations were completed for a Pullman (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic torrertic Paleustolls) clay loam soil. Lastly, the sensitivity of K-alpha to sigma(alpha) was examined using a saturated solute displacement experiment with both probe technologies installed in a column packed with Pullman clay loam. A range of sigma(alpha) (0.65-2.8 dS m(-1)) was established by equilibrating the column with 0.25 dS m(-1) CaCl2 and introducing a step pulse of 7.3 dS m(-1) CaCl2. Permittivity calibrations of the TDR-315 could be accomplished with conventional TDR methods and with similar sampling errors. Conventional calibrations of sigma(alpha) using long time amplitudes yielded a linear response for sigma(alpha) < 3 dS m(-1), above which the response was nonlinear. The fitted water content calibrations of the Pullman clay loam for the TDR-315 were nearly indistinguishable from conventional TDR calibrations with similar root mean square errors (0.017-0.020 m(3) m(-3)). Response of the two measurement technologies in a lossy soil during changing solution conductivities demonstrated that, in contrast to conventional TDR, travel time measured using acquired TDR-315 waveforms was insensitive to sigma(alpha) up to 2.8 dS m(-1). C1 [Schwartz, Robert C.; Evett, Steven R.] ARS, USDA, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Anderson, Scott K.; Anderson, David J.] Acclima Inc, Meridian, ID USA. RP Schwartz, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM robert.schwartz@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [2012-02152]; NSF [1346113]; International Atomic Energy Agency [CRP D1.20.13, 18210/R0]; Ogallala Aquifer Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of USDA SBIR Phase II Contract 2012-02152, NSF SBIR Phase I Contract 1346113, and the International Atomic Energy Agency CRP D1.20.13 Contract 18210/R0. The authors also sincerely acknowledge the assistance of Bridgett DeWitt and Logan Hopper in the completion of laboratory tests. This research was supported by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-ARS, Kansas State University, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 DI 10.2136/vzj2015.08.0115 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA DC6DE UT WOS:000369309200007 ER PT J AU Sitvarin, MI Gordon, SD Uetz, GW Rypstra, AL AF Sitvarin, Michael I. Gordon, Shira D. Uetz, George W. Rypstra, Ann L. TI The wolf spider Pardosa milvina detects predator threat level using only vibratory cues SO BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE anti-predator behaviour; threat-sensitivity hypothesis; multimodal cues; vibration; Tigrosa helluo; Scarites quadriceps ID MULTIMODAL COMMUNICATION; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; CHEMICAL CUES; LYCOSIDAE; ARANEAE; PREY; RISK; AVOIDANCE; SURVIVAL; SIGNALS AB Predators may inadvertently signal their presence and threat level by way of signals in multiple modalities. We used a spider, Pardosa milvina, known to respond adaptively to chemotactile predator cues (i.e., silk, faeces and other excreta) to evaluate whether it could also discriminate predation risk from isolated vibratory cues. Vibrations from its prey, conspecifics, and predators (Tigrosa helluo and Scarites quadriceps) were recorded and played back to Pardosa. In addition, we recorded predator vibrations with and without access to chemotactile cues from Pardosa, indicating the presence of prey. Pardosa did not appear to discriminate between vibrations from prey or conspecifics, but the response to predators depended on the presence of cues from Pardosa. Vibrations from predators with access to chemotactile cues from prey induced reductions in Pardosa activity. Predator cues typically occur in multiple modalities, but prey are capable of imperfectly evaluating predation risk using a limited subset of information. C1 [Sitvarin, Michael I.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Gordon, Shira D.; Uetz, George W.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Rypstra, Ann L.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, OH USA. [Sitvarin, Michael I.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Gordon, Shira D.] USDA ARS, 9611 South Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA USA. RP Sitvarin, MI (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.; Sitvarin, MI (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM michaelsitvarin@uky.edu OI Uetz, George/0000-0002-6829-7424; Sitvarin, Michael/0000-0002-3080-3619 FU Department of Zoology, Field Workshop program, and Hamilton Campus of Miami University FX We are grateful to numerous undergraduate and graduate students for assistance in collecting and maintaining study species. Funding was provided by the Department of Zoology, Field Workshop program, and Hamilton Campus of Miami University. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 20 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-7959 EI 1568-539X J9 BEHAVIOUR JI Behaviour PY 2016 VL 153 IS 2 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.1163/1568539X-00003332 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA DC2RY UT WOS:000369065200003 ER PT J AU Kasten, BB Ma, XW Cheng, K Bu, LH Slocumb, WS Hayes, TR Trabue, S Cheng, Z Benny, PD AF Kasten, Benjamin B. Ma, Xiaowei Cheng, Kai Bu, Lihong Slocumb, Winston S. Hayes, Thomas R. Trabue, Steven Cheng, Zhen Benny, Paul D. TI Isothiocyanate-Functionalized Bifunctional Chelates and fac-[M-I(CO)(3)](+) (M = Re, Tc-99m) Complexes for Targeting uPAR in Prostate Cancer SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR-RECEPTOR; ALPHA-MSH PEPTIDE; UROKINASE RECEPTOR; IN-VIVO; CLICK-CHEMISTRY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES; RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY; DISEASE PROGRESSION AB Developing new strategies to rapidly incorporate the fac-[MI(CO)(3)](+) (M = Re, Tc-99m) core into biological targeting vectors in radiopharmaceuticals continues to expand as molecules become more complex and as efforts to minimize nonspecific binding increase. This work examines a novel isothiocyanate-functionalized bifunctional chelate based on 2,2'-dipicolylamine (DPA) specifically designed for complexing the fac-[MI(CO)(3)](+) core. Two strategies (postlabeling and prelabeling) were explored using the isothiocyanate-functionalized DPA to determine the effectiveness of assembly on the overall yield and purity of the complex with amine containing biomolecules. A model amino acid (lysine) examined (1) amine conjugation of isothiocyanate-functionalized DPA followed by complexation with fac-[MI(CO)(3)](+) (postlabeling) and (2) complexation of fac-[MI(CO)(3)](+) with isothiocyanate-functionalized DPA followed by amine conjugation (prelabeling). Conducted with stable Re and radioactive Tc-99m analogs, both strategies formed the product in good to excellent yields under macroscopic and radiotracer concentrations. A synthetic peptide (AE105) which targets an emerging biomarker in CaP prognosis, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), was also explored using the isothiocyanate-functionalized DPA strategy. In vitro PC-3 (uPAR(+)) cell uptake assays with the 99mTc-labeled peptide (8a) showed 4.2 +/- 0.5% uptake at 4 h. In a murine model bearing PC-3 tumor xenografts, in vivo biodistribution of 8a led to favorable tumor uptake (3.7 +/- 0.7% ID/g) at 4 h p.i. with relatively low accumulation (<2% ID/g) in normal organs not associated with normal peptide excretion. These results illustrate the promise of the isothiocyanate-functionalized approach for labeling amine containing biological targeting vectors with fac-[MI(CO)(3)](+). C1 [Kasten, Benjamin B.; Slocumb, Winston S.; Hayes, Thomas R.; Benny, Paul D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Slocumb, Winston S.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ma, Xiaowei] Fourth Mil Med Univ, Xijing Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, Xian 710032, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Ma, Xiaowei; Cheng, Kai; Bu, Lihong; Cheng, Zhen] Stanford Univ, MIPS, Dept Radiol, Bio X Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ma, Xiaowei; Cheng, Kai; Bu, Lihong; Cheng, Zhen] Stanford Univ, Canary Ctr Stanford Canc Early Detect, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Trabue, Steven] USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Benny, PD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.; Cheng, Z (reprint author), Stanford Univ, MIPS, Dept Radiol, Bio X Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Cheng, Z (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Canary Ctr Stanford Canc Early Detect, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zcheng@stanford.edu; bennyp@wsu.edu RI Cheng, Zhen/K-2843-2012 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0008397]; NIH/NIGMS Biotechnology Training Program at Washington State University [T32 GM008336]; Auvil Fellows Program; College of Arts and Sciences; Chemistry Department at Washington State University FX The authors wish to thank Mary Dyszlewski of Covidien, Inc., for the Isolink kits and Dr. Gerhard Munske of the Washington State University Molecular Biology and Genomics Core for performing the MALDI-TOF analysis. This research was funded in part by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0008397), the NIH/NIGMS Biotechnology Training Program at Washington State University (Institutional Award T32 GM008336), the Auvil Fellows Program, the College of Arts and Sciences, and the Chemistry Department at Washington State University. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 1 BP 130 EP 142 DI 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00531 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DB6UQ UT WOS:000368651600015 PM 26603218 ER PT J AU Wood, TE Matthews, D Vandecar, K Lawrence, D AF Wood, Tana E. Matthews, Danielle Vandecar, Karen Lawrence, Deborah TI Short-term variability in labile soil phosphorus is positively related to soil moisture in a humid tropical forest in Puerto Rico SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tropical forest; Luquillo experimental forest; Phosphorus; Bray-1 P; Diurnal; La Selva Biological Station ID AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; CO2 EFFLUX; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; LEAF-LITTER; COSTA-RICA; GAS FLUXES; NUTRIENT; DYNAMICS AB Primary productivity in tropical forests is often considered limited by phosphorus (P) availability. Microbial activity is a key regulator of available P through organic matter decomposition (supply) as well as microbial immobilization (depletion). Environmental conditions, such as soil moisture and temperature can fluctuate significantly on hourly to daily time-scales in tropical forested ecosystems. Given the ability of microbes to respond rapidly to changing environmental conditions we would expect concomitant changes in the available soil P pool. Despite the potential for soil P availability to vary on short time-scales, research that investigates hourly to daily changes in the available soil P pool in tropical forests is extremely rare. We quantified diurnal fluctuations in labile soil P and the importance of biotic and abiotic factors in driving these patterns in a wet tropical forest in Puerto Rico. Hourly measurements of Bray-extractable P were made from sunrise to sunset on five separate days along with measurements of soil temperature, moisture, pH, soil respiration, and solar radiation. While we found no significant diurnal variation in labile P, it did, however, vary significantly across the five sample days (2.8-3.8 A mu g/g). The day-to-day variation in labile P was positively related to soil moisture (R-2 = 0.42, p = 0.009). These findings illustrate the potential for rapid change in the available P pool in response to variable soil moisture status as well as the importance of considering soil moisture conditions when estimating P availability in the humid tropics. C1 [Wood, Tana E.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Wood, Tana E.] Fdn Puertorriquena Conservac, POB 362495, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Matthews, Danielle; Vandecar, Karen; Lawrence, Deborah] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, POB 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. RP Wood, TE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM tanawood@fs.fed.us FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship; University of Virginia College of Arts Sciences; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry as part of the Long Term Ecological Research Program FX We would like to thank Dr. Ariel E. Lugo and Dr. Whendee L. Silver for their invaluable support. We additionally thank C. Torrens and B. Quintero who helped in the laboratory and the field. Support for this research was provided by a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship to TEW and a University of Virginia College of Arts & Sciences Small Research and Travel Grant to DM. This research was additionally supported by the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry as part of the Long Term Ecological Research Program. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2016 VL 127 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s10533-015-0150-z PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DB7UT UT WOS:000368722700003 ER PT J AU Carrillo, Y Dijkstra, FA LeCain, D Pendall, E AF Carrillo, Yolima Dijkstra, Feike A. LeCain, Dan Pendall, Elise TI Mediation of soil C decomposition by arbuscular mycorrizhal fungi in grass rhizospheres under elevated CO2 SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arbuscular mycorrhizae; Decomposition; Elevated CO2; Grasses; Priming; Rhizosphere ID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CARBON STORAGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL CHANGE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; PLANT COMMUNITY; NITROGEN; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEM AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) function has mostly been studied from the plant perspective, but there is a shortage of empirical assessments of their ecosystem level impacts on soil carbon (C). Our understanding of the role of AMF on C processing belowground has been restricted mostly to fresh plant residues, not stabilized soil organic matter. The mechanisms by which elevated CO2 (eCO(2)) alter soil C remain an open question but AMF likely play a role via C and nutrients, which could in turn, be plant species dependent. We assessed AMF as mediators of C processing in the rhizosphere of two grasses under eCO(2). We exposed a C-4 and a C-3 grass to a combination of ambient and eCO(2) with and without modification of the AMF communities and using stable isotopes quantified the respiration of native soil C (as rhizosphere priming), its contribution to dissolved and microbial C and the final remaining C pool. The AMF treatment impacted soil C respiration under the C-3-plant and only under eCO(2). eCO(2) suppressed decomposition (negative priming) but this effect disappeared when the AMF community was reduced. In contrast to studies of fresh plant residues suggesting that AMF can enhance C loss, our observations indicate that AMF may promote C storage in the soil organic matter pool. Results support that AMF can mediate the effect of eCO(2) on soil C in the rhizosphere of some plant species, a potential mechanism explaining variation in impacts of eCO(2) on soil C storage and C balances across species and ecosystems. C1 [Carrillo, Yolima; Pendall, Elise] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Richmond, NSW, Australia. [Dijkstra, Feike A.] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr & Environm, Ctr Carbon Water & Food, Camden, NSW, Australia. [LeCain, Dan] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Pendall, Elise] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Carrillo, Y (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Richmond, NSW, Australia. EM y.carrillo@westernsydney.edu.au OI Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969 FU University of Wyoming; National Science Foundation [1021559 DEB]; USDA-CSREES Soil Processes Program [2008-35107-18655]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science program; Western Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Northern Arizona University; Australian Research Council [FT100100779] FX We thank Jennifer Bell, Courtney Ellis, Joanne Newcomb, Lyndsy Soltau, Janet Chen, Jana Heisler-White, Marcus Brock and Matthew Rubin for assistance in the field and in the laboratory. This material is based upon work supported by the University of Wyoming through a Grant-in-Aid of Research, National Science Foundation (Grant No. 1021559 DEB), USDA-CSREES Soil Processes Program (Grant No. 2008-35107-18655), US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science program, the Western Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Northern Arizona University, and by the Australian Research Council (FT100100779). NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 25 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2016 VL 127 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s10533-015-0159-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DB7UT UT WOS:000368722700004 ER PT J AU Phillips-Mao, L Galatowitsch, SM Snyder, SA Haight, RG AF Phillips-Mao, Laura Galatowitsch, Susan M. Snyder, Stephanie A. Haight, Robert G. TI Model-based scenario planning to develop climate change adaptation strategies for rare plant populations in grassland reserves SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Cypripedium candidum; Habitat suitability; Metapopulation model; Monitoring; Invasion; Rare plants ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; PROTECTED AREAS; GLOBAL CHANGE; MANAGEMENT; PERSISTENCE; CYPRIPEDIUM; ECOSYSTEMS; FRAMEWORK; DORMANCY; ORCHIDS AB Incorporating climate change into conservation decision-making at site and population scales is challenging due to uncertainties associated with localized climate change impacts and population responses to multiple interacting impacts and adaptation strategies. We explore the use of spatially explicit population models to facilitate scenario analysis, a conservation planning approach for situations of high uncertainty. We developed dynamic, linked habitat suitability and metapopulation models using RAMAS GIS to consider management and monitoring options for a grassland reserve in Minnesota (USA) in order to support a hydrologically sensitive rare orchid (Cypripedium candidum). We evaluated 54 future scenarios combining changes in drought frequency, increased depth to water table, and multiple configurations of increased invasive species cover and management. Simulation results allowed us to prioritize adaptation strategies and monitoring guidelines to inform adaptive management for our model system. For example, preventing further spread of invasive species into the current C. candidum population is an important low-risk resilience strategy for this site. However, under more serious climate change scenarios, higher-risk strategies, such as protecting critical recharge areas, become essential. Additionally, allocating limited monitoring resources toward detecting changes in depth to water table and assessing C. candidum population responses to severe drought will more efficiently inform decisions about when to shift from low-risk resilience approaches to higher-risk resistance and facilitation strategies. Applying this scenario based modeling approach to other high-priority populations will enable conservation decision-makers to develop sound, cost-effective, site-specific management and monitoring protocols despite the uncertainties of climate change. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Phillips-Mao, Laura; Galatowitsch, Susan M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 135 Skok Hall,2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Snyder, Stephanie A.; Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Phillips-Mao, L (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 135 Skok Hall,2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM phil0308@umn.edu FU US Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX Funding for this project was generously provided by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. We are grateful to Dr. H. Re it Ackcakaya for guidance in using RAMAS GIS, and to Dr. Aaron Rendahl for valuable feedback on statistical analyses. We also thank Drs. Laura Van Riper, Lynne Westphall, and Anthony Starfield for their thoughtful comments on an earlier draft of this article. C. candidum occurrence data used in the models were provided by the Division of Ecological and Water Resources, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and were current as of October 2012. These data are not based on an exhaustive inventory of the state, and the lack of data for any geographic area shall not be construed to mean that no C. candidum are present. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 193 BP 103 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.10.010 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC1GB UT WOS:000368963700012 ER PT J AU Nakano, H Kosemura, S Mamonov, LK Cantrell, CL AF Nakano, Hiroshi Kosemura, Seiji Mamonov, Leonid K. Cantrell, Charles L. TI 8-O-Acetyl-7-O-Methylgossypetin from Atraphaxis laetevirens SO CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; CONSTITUENTS; NAPHTHALENE C1 [Nakano, Hiroshi] NARO Inst Crop Sci, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. [Nakano, Hiroshi] NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agr Res Ctr, 496 Izumi, Fukuoka 8330041, Japan. [Nakano, Hiroshi; Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Kosemura, Seiji] Keio Univ, Dept Chem, Kohoku Ku, Hiyoshi Campus,4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238521, Japan. [Mamonov, Leonid K.] Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Timiryazeva 45, Alma Ata 05040, Kazakhstan. RP Nakano, H (reprint author), NARO Inst Crop Sci, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan.; Nakano, H (reprint author), NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agr Res Ctr, 496 Izumi, Fukuoka 8330041, Japan.; Nakano, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM nakanohr@affrc.go.jp FU International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) [K1896] FX The authors thank Solomon Green III and Amber Reichley, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, for their technical assistance. Financial support in part from the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) project K1896 is greatly appreciated. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-3130 EI 1573-8388 J9 CHEM NAT COMPD+ JI Chem. Nat. Compd. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 127 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s10600-016-1567-x PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA DB7MK UT WOS:000368699400032 ER PT J AU Zhang, LB Liu, YQ Hao, L AF Zhang, Libo Liu, Yongqiang Hao, Lu TI Contributions of open crop straw burning emissions to PM2.5 concentrations in China SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE straw burning; air pollution; monthly and annual emissions; PM2.5 inventories in China cities ID GLOBAL FIRE EMISSIONS; AIR-QUALITY; MODELING SYSTEM; WHEAT-STRAW; PARTICULATE; DIOXIDE; AEROSOL AB PM2.5 inventories have been developed in major Chinese cities to quantify the contributions from various sources based on annual emissions. This approach, however, could substantially underestimate the contribution from open straw burning during the harvest or other active burning periods. This study examines this issue by estimating monthly and annual straw-burning PM2.5 emissions in China and comparing with them with the corresponding emissions from other anthropogenic sources. Annually burned strawPM(2.5) emissions during 1997 similar to 2013 for 31 China provinces were calculated based on crop and related burning information for 12 months based on satellite detection of agricultural burning. Annual emissions from other anthropogenic sources were collected from the literature and allocated to monthly values using air pollution index measurements. The results indicate that the annual PM2.5 emissions from open straw burning in China were 1.036 m tons. The monthly PM2.5 emission ratios of straw burning to other anthropogenic sources during June, the harvest period for many regions, were several times larger than the annual ratios at national, regional, and province levels, suggesting that, in contrast to annual emissions that were used in the PM2.5 inventories in Chinese cities to assess the contributions from other sources, monthly emissions should be used to assess the contributions from straw burning during the harvest or other active burning periods. The larger contributions from straw burning shown in this study also suggest that substantial reduction of open field straw burning would dramatically improve air quality in many Chinese regions during the harvest or other active burning periods. C1 [Zhang, Libo; Hao, Lu] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Appl Meteorol, Int Ctr Ecol Meteorol & Environm, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yongqiang] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, Athens, GA USA. EM yliu@fs.fed.us FU International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; USDA Forest Service; [USDA-NIFA-2013-35100-20516]; [NSFC-71373130] FX The authors would like to thank two reviewers for their constructive and insightful comments and suggestions, which contributed to the improvement of the manuscript in both science and writing. This study was supported by the International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China and USDA Forest Service. The funds were from USDA-NIFA-2013-35100-20516 and NSFC-71373130. The satellite remote sensed fire data were obtained from the global fire emissions dataset (GFED). The air pollution index (API) data were obtained from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 33 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 AR 014014 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/1/014014 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB8YT UT WOS:000368803800017 ER PT J AU Ebel, ED Williams, MS Golden, NJ Schlosser, WD Travis, C AF Ebel, E. D. Williams, M. S. Golden, N. J. Schlosser, W. D. Travis, C. TI Time valuation of historical outbreak attribution data SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Attributable fraction; Bayesian inference; Salmonella; time series ID UNITED-STATES; MODEL AB Human illness attribution is recognized as an important metric for prioritizing and informing food-safety decisions and for monitoring progress towards long-term food-safety goals. Inferences regarding the proportion of illnesses attributed to a specific commodity class are often based on analyses of datasets describing the number of outbreaks in a given year or combination of years. In many countries, the total number of pathogen-related outbreaks reported nationwide for an implicated food source is often fewer than 50 instances in a given year and the number of years for which data are available can be fewer than 10. Therefore, a high degree of uncertainty is associated with the estimated fraction of pathogen-related outbreaks attributed to a general food commodity. Although it is possible to make inferences using only data from the most recent year, this type of estimation strategy ignores the data collected in previous years. Thus, a strong argument exists for an estimator that could 'borrow strength' from data collected in the previous years by combining the current data with the data from previous years. While many estimators exist for combining multiple years of data, most either require more data than is currently available or lack an objective and biologically plausible theoretical basis. This study introduces an estimation strategy that progressively reduces the influence of data collected in past years in accordance with the degree of departure from a Poisson process. The methodology is applied to the estimation of the attribution fraction for Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 for common food commodities and the estimates are compared against two alternative estimators. C1 [Ebel, E. D.; Williams, M. S.; Golden, N. J.; Schlosser, W. D.] USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Travis, C.] Leidos Inc, Reston, VA USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mike.williams@fsis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 2 BP 396 EP 407 DI 10.1017/S0950268815001193 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA DB6PW UT WOS:000368638100022 PM 26095014 ER PT J AU Monson, EI Lignell, DO Werner, C Hintze, RS Finney, MA Jozefik, Z Kerstein, AR AF Monson, Elizabeth I. Lignell, David O. Werner, Chris Hintze, Ryan S. Finney, Mark A. Jozefik, Zoltan Kerstein, Alan R. TI Simulation of Ethylene Wall Fires Using the Spatially-Evolving One-Dimensional Turbulence Model SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wall flame; Ethylene; One-dimensional turbulence; Fire ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; REACTION-MECHANISMS; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; SOOT FORMATION; VERTICAL WALL; JET FLAMES; FUEL BEDS; EXTINCTION; FORMULATION; CONVECTION AB The mechanism of flame propagation in fuel beds of wildland fires is important to understand in order to quantify fire spread rates. Fires spread by radiative and convective heating and in some cases require direct flame contact to achieve ignition. The flame in an advancing fire is unsteady and turbulent, making study of intermittent flames in complex fuels difficult. A 1.83 m tall, 0.61 m wide vertical wall fire, in which ethylene fuel is slowly fed through a porous ceramic, is modeled to investigate unsteady turbulent flames in a controlled environment. Three fuel flow rates of 235, 390, and 470 L/min are considered. Simulations of this configuration are performed using a spatial formulation of the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model which is able to resolve individual flames (a key property of this model) and has been shown to provide turbulent statistics that compare well with experimental data for a number of flow configurations including wall fires. In the ODT model diffusion-reaction equations are solved along a notional line of sight perpendicular to the wall that is advanced vertically. Turbulent advection is modeled through stochastic domain mapping processes. A new Darrieus-Landau combustion instability model is incorporated in the ODT eddy selection process. The ODT model is shown to capture the evolution of the flame and describe the intermittent properties at the flame/air interface. Simulations include radiation and soot effects and are compared to experimental temperature measurements. Simulated mean temperatures differ from the experiments by an average of 63 K over all measurement points for the three fuel flow rates. Predicted root mean square temperature fluctuations capture the trends in the experimental data, but overestimate the raw experimental values by a factor of two. This difference is discussed using thermocouple response and heat transfer correction models. Simulated velocity, soot, and radiation properties are also reported. C1 [Monson, Elizabeth I.; Lignell, David O.; Werner, Chris; Hintze, Ryan S.] Brigham Young Univ, 350 CB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Finney, Mark A.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 5775 W US Highway 10, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Jozefik, Zoltan] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Siemens Halske Ring 14, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany. RP Lignell, DO (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, 350 CB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM davidlignell@byu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station FX This work was supported by the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI BP 167 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s10694-014-0441-2 PG 30 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DB7RW UT WOS:000368714700009 ER PT J AU Hoffman, CM Ziegler, J Canfield, J Linn, RR Mell, W Sieg, CH Pimont, F AF Hoffman, C. M. Ziegler, J. Canfield, J. Linn, R. R. Mell, W. Sieg, C. H. Pimont, F. TI Evaluating Crown Fire Rate of Spread Predictions from Physics-Based Models SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Physics-based model; Fire behavior; HIGRAD/FIRETEC; Wildland Urban Interface Fire Dynamics Simulator; WFDS ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LODGEPOLE PINE FORESTS; WIND-FLOWS; JACK PINE; FUEL BEDS; BEHAVIOR; PROPAGATION; CANOPY; VALIDATION; ATMOSPHERE AB Modeling the behavior of crown fires is challenging due to the complex set of coupled processes that drive the characteristics of a spreading wildfire and the large range of spatial and temporal scales over which these processes occur. Detailed physics-based modeling approaches such as FIRETEC and the Wildland Urban Interface Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS) simulate fire behavior using computational fluid dynamics based methods to numerically solve the three-dimensional, time dependent, model equations that govern, to some approximation, the component physical processes and their interactions that drive fire behavior. Both of these models have had limited evaluation and have not been assessed for predicting crown fire behavior. In this paper, we utilized a published set of field-scale measured crown fire rate of spread (ROS) data to provide a coarse assessment of crown fire ROS predictions from previously published studies that have utilized WFDS or FIRETEC. Overall, 86% of all simulated ROS values using WFDS or FIRETEC fell within the 95% prediction interval of the empirical data, which was above the goal of 75% for dynamic ecological modeling. However, scarcity of available empirical data is a bottleneck for further assessment of model performance. C1 [Hoffman, C. M.; Ziegler, J.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Canfield, J.; Linn, R. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Mell, W.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Sieg, C. H.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Pimont, F.] INRA, Ecol Forets Mediterraneennes, UR629, Avignon, France. [Hoffman, C. M.] Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, 1472 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hoffman, CM (reprint author), Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, 1472 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM c.hoffman@colostate.edu OI Hoffman, Chad/0000-0001-8715-937X FU Joint Fire Science Program [13-1-04-53]; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; General Joint Venture [PNW 12-JV-11261987-102] FX This research was supported in part by Joint Fire Science Program project 13-1-04-53, USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Joint Venture Agreement No. PNW 12-JV-11261987-102, USDA Forest Service Research (both Rocky Mountain Research Station and Washington office) National Fire Plan Dollars through Research Joint Venture Agreement 11-JV-11221633-207 with Colorado State University, and Interagency Agreements 09-IA-11221633-215 and 13-IA-11221633-103 with Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI BP 221 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s10694-015-0500-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DB7RW UT WOS:000368714700011 ER PT J AU Miller, TA Brooks, RP Lanzone, MJ Brandes, D Cooper, J Tremblay, JA Wilhelm, J Duerr, A Katzner, TE AF Miller, Tricia A. Brooks, Robert P. Lanzone, Michael J. Brandes, David Cooper, Jeff Tremblay, Junior A. Wilhelm, Jay Duerr, Adam Katzner, Todd E. TI Limitations and mechanisms influencing the migratory performance of soaring birds SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE Golden Eagle; migration; migration phenology; migratory wandering; movement ecology; path sinuosity ID DIFFERENTIAL MIGRATION; MODEL SELECTION; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; AVIAN MIGRATION; HAWK MOUNTAIN; WIND; SPEED; PENNSYLVANIA; ORIENTATION; INFERENCE AB Migration is costly in terms of time, energy and safety. Optimal migration theory suggests that individual migratory birds will choose between these three costs depending on their motivation and available resources. To test hypotheses about use of migratory strategies by large soaring birds, we used GPS telemetry to track 18 adult, 13 sub-adult and 15 juvenile Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in eastern North America. Each age-class had potentially different motivations during migration. During spring, the migratory performance (defined here as the directness of migratory flight) of adults was higher than that of any other age-classes. Adults also departed earlier and spent less time migrating. Together, these patterns suggest that adults were primarily time-limited and the other two age-classes were energy-limited. However, adults that migrated the longest distances during spring also appeared to take advantage of energy-conservation strategies such as decreasing their compensation for wind drift. During autumn, birds of all age-classes were primarily energy-minimizers; they increased the length of stopovers, flew less direct routes and migrated at a slower pace than during spring. Nonetheless, birds that departed later in autumn flew more directly, indicating that time limitations may have affected their decision-making. During both seasons, juveniles had the lowest performance, sub-adults intermediate performance and adults the highest performance. Our results show age- and seasonal variation in time and energy-minimization strategies that are not necessarily exclusive of one another. Beyond time and energy, a complex suite of factors, including weather, experience and navigation ability, influences migratory performance and decision-making. C1 [Miller, Tricia A.] Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, Tricia A.; Duerr, Adam; Katzner, Todd E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Brooks, Robert P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Riparia, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lanzone, Michael J.] Cellular Tracking Technol, Somerset, PA 15501 USA. [Brandes, David] Lafayette Coll, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. [Cooper, Jeff] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Tremblay, Junior A.] Environm Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1J 0C3, Canada. [Wilhelm, Jay] W Virginia Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Miller, TA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tricia.miller@mail.wvu.edu FU VA Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grant from USFWS; PA SWG [T-12, T47-R-1]; US DoE [DE-EE0003538]; Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation; Penn State Earth and Environmental Institute Graduate Fellowship; Penn State Ecology Fellowship FX Funding for this work was received from the VA Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries through a Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grant from USFWS, PA SWG grants T-12 and T47-R-1, US DoE grant DE-EE0003538, Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation, Penn State Earth and Environmental Institute Graduate Fellowship, Penn State Ecology Fellowship, and the authors' organizations. Scientific article No. 3264 of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown. Use of Golden Eagles for this research was approved by the West Virginia University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol #11-0304 and the Animal Care Committee of the Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs (permits CPA-FAUNE 07-00-11; CPA-FAUNE 08-00-26; CPA-FAUNE-2009-06; CPA-FAUNE-2011-10; CPA-FAUNE-2012-11). Telemetry data were provided by J.A.T. and Charles Maisonnueve from Quebec Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs, and J.C., T.A.M and T.E.K. M.L. is an owner of Cellular Tracking Technologies that manufactures GPS-GSM transmitters used in this project. We thank the dozens of people who assisted us with field work and data collection. Insightful comments on the manuscript were provided by G. Young, M. Brittingham-Brant, M. Gannon and Keith Bildstein. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2016 VL 158 IS 1 BP 116 EP 134 DI 10.1111/ibi.12331 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB7WM UT WOS:000368727700011 ER PT J AU Walsh, JM Ren, XB Zampariello, C Polasky, DA Mckay, DL Blumberg, JB Chen, CYO AF Walsh, Jason M. Ren, Xiaobai Zampariello, Carly Polasky, Daniel A. Mckay, Diane L. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Chen, C. -Y. Oliver TI Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry quantification of urinary proanthocyanin A2 dimer and its potential use as a biomarker of cranberry intake SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Proanthocyanidin; Urine ID BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS; JUICE; PLASMA; CONSUMPTION; FLAVONOIDS; EXCRETION; HEALTH; WOMEN; CONSTITUENTS; ANTHOCYANIN AB The lack of a biomarker for the consumption of cranberries has confounded the interpretation of several studies investigating the effect of cranberry products, especially juices, on health outcomes. The objectives of this pilot study were to develop a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantification of the proanthocyanin dimer A-2 in human urine and validate urinary proanthocyanin dimer A-2 as a biomarker of cranberry intake. Five healthy, nonsmoking, premenopausal women (20-30 years of age, body mass index: 18.5-25 kg/m(2)) were assigned to consume a cranberry beverage containing 140 mg proanthocyanin and 35 kilocalories at 237 mL/day, according to a weekly dosing schedule for 7 weeks. Eleven 24 h and morning spot urine samples each were collected from each subject. A reliable, sensitive method for the detection of proanthocyanin dimer A-2 in urine using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed with a limit of quantitation of 0.25 ng/mL and a relative standard deviation of 7.26%, precision of 5.7%, and accuracy of 91.7%. While proanthocyanin dimer A-2 was quantifiable in urine, it did not appear to be excreted in a concentration that corresponded to the dosing schedule and intake of cranberry juice. C1 [Walsh, Jason M.; Ren, Xiaobai; Zampariello, Carly; Polasky, Daniel A.; Mckay, Diane L.; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Chen, C. -Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu FU Cranberry Institute; USDA/Agricultural Research Service [1950-5100-087] FX This work was supported by the Cranberry Institute and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service (Cooperative Agreement No. 1950-5100-087). JW performed the statistical analysis and prepared the manuscript. XR and CZ contributed to the method development and data collection. DM contributed to the study design. JBB contributed to the study design and manuscript preparation. CYOC contributed to the method development, study design, data interpretation, and manuscript preparation. JBB is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Cranberry Institute. All the other authors report no conflict of interest. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 EI 1615-9314 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 2 BP 342 EP 349 DI 10.1002/jssc.201500922 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA DC0AE UT WOS:000368878200014 PM 26573891 ER PT J AU Yan, RJ Huang, Z Zhu, HK Johnson, JA Wang, SJ AF Yan, Rongjun Huang, Zhi Zhu, Hankun Johnson, Judy A. Wang, Shaojin TI Simulation of heating uniformity in a heating block system modified for controlled atmosphere treatments SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Controlled atmosphere; Heating block system; Heating rate; Insects; Simulation; Temperature distribution ID THERMAL-DEATH KINETICS; TRANSITELLA WALKER LEPIDOPTERA; RADIO-FREQUENCY TREATMENTS; POMONELLA L. LEPIDOPTERA; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FRUIT-FLY; TORTRICIDAE; RESISTANCE; DISINFESTATION; COLEOPTERA AB Reliable and repeatable insect thermal mortality data rely on the performance of a heating device. Computer simulation has been widely used to optimize structures, design parameters and process conditions. To improve the temperature uniformity of a heating block system (HBS), a computer model was developed using finite element software COMSOL. Good agreement was obtained between the simulated and experimental block surface temperatures at three positions of the HBS and three heating rates. The validated computer model was further used to predict the effects of heating rates, the position of test insects and the addition of gases on the block and air temperature distributions. Simulation results showed that increasing heating rate reduced heating uniformity. The position of test insects in the treatment chamber largely affected their heating rate, with a position closer to the surface of the heat block providing a better temperature match between test insects and the HBS. When gas was added, block temperatures within the treatment chamber, particularly near the gas inlet, were influenced by gas speeds, temperatures and the gas channel design. The heating uniformity in the treatment chamber of the HBS was improved by heating the gas before adding it to the HBS, by routing the gas channel through the heating block to preheat the gas, and by using a relatively slow gas speed. The simulation results demonstrated that the validated computer model could be a reliable tool to evaluate the heating performance of the HBS for studying insect thermal death kinetics and optimize treatment conditions for the HBS when modified to include controlled atmospheres. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yan, Rongjun; Huang, Zhi; Zhu, Hankun; Wang, Shaojin] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Johnson, Judy A.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Wang, Shaojin] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Wang, SJ (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM shaojinwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn FU Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20120204110022]; General Program of National Natural Science Foundation in China [31371853] FX This research was supported by research grants from Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20120204110022) and General Program of National Natural Science Foundation in China (No. 31371853). NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X EI 1879-1212 J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 65 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2015.11.003 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DB9XF UT WOS:000368870300004 ER PT J AU Sapkota, R Skantar, AM Nicolaisen, M AF Sapkota, Rumakanta Skantar, Andrea M. Nicolaisen, Mogens TI A TaqMan real-time PCR assay for detection of Meloidogyne hapla in root galls and in soil SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carrot; Daucus carota; diagnostics; ITS; plant-parasitic nematode; root-knot nematode ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; DIRECT QUANTIFICATION; POPULATION-DENSITIES; SATELLITE DNA; CROP LOSSES; M-FALLAX; MANAGEMENT; IDENTIFICATION; INCOGNITA; CHITWOODI AB Early detection and quantification of Meloidogyne hapla in soil is essential for effective disease management. The purpose of this study was to develop a real-time PCR assay for detection of M. hapla in soil. Primers and a TaqMan probe were designed for M. hapla detection. The assay detected M. hapla and showed no significant amplification of DNA from non-target nematodes. The assay was able to detect M. hapla in a background of plant and soil DNA. A dilution series of M. hapla eggs in soil showed a high correlation (R-2 = 0.95, P < 0.001) with Ct values. The assay could predict root-knot development in carrots by testing soils before planting. The assay could be useful for management decisions in carrot cultivation. C1 [Sapkota, Rumakanta; Nicolaisen, Mogens] Aarhus Univ, Dept Agroecol, Fac Sci & Technol, Forsogsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark. [Skantar, Andrea M.] Agr Res Serv, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nicolaisen, M (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Agroecol, Fac Sci & Technol, Forsogsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark. EM mn@agro.au.dk RI Nicolaisen, Mogens/H-3574-2016 OI Nicolaisen, Mogens/0000-0002-0407-2488 FU GUDP, Denmark [3405-11-0364] FX This work was supported by GUDP (grant No. 3405-11-0364), Denmark. The authors wish to thank Lars Moller for his assistance in collecting soil samples, Gerrit Karssen for providing Meloidogyne species, and Maria Hult for excellent technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 13 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2016 VL 18 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1163/15685411-00002950 PN 2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DC2WU UT WOS:000369080300003 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Storms, DH Freytag, TL Adkins, YC Bonnel, EL Woodhouse, LR Breksa, AP Manners, GD Mackey, BE Kelley, DS AF Zunino, Susan J. Storms, David H. Freytag, Tammy L. Adkins, Yuriko C. Bonnel, Ellen L. Woodhouse, Leslie R. Breksa, Andrew P., III Manners, Gary D. Mackey, Bruce E. Kelley, Darshan S. TI Dietary supplementation with purified citrus limonin glucoside does not alter ex vivo functions of circulating T lymphocytes or monocytes in overweight/obese human adults SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Citrus limonin glucoside; Monocytes; T lymphocytes; Cytokines; Overweight/obese humans ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; INDUCED OBESE MICE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CELL-PROLIFERATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIMONOIDS; INFLAMMATION AB Overweight/obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and impairs both innate and adaptive immune responses. Limonoids found in citrus fruits decreased cell proliferation and inflammation in animal studies. We hypothesized that limonin glucoside (LG) supplementation in vivo will decrease the ex vivo proliferation of T cells and the production of inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and T cells. In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study, 10 overweight/obese human subjects were served purified LG or placebo drinks for 56 days each to determine the effects of LG on immune cell functions. The percentage of CD14+CD36+ cells in whole blood was analyzed by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and activated with CD3 plus CD28 antibodies (T-lymphocyte activation) or lipopolysaccharide (monocyte activation). Interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL) 2, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured in supernatants from activated T cells. Supernatants from activated monocytes were analyzed for the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were prestained with PKH dye and activated with CD3 plus CD28 antibodies to determine the proliferative responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes by flow cytometry. No differences were observed for CD14+CD36+ monocyte populations, T-cell proliferation, or the production of T cell and monocyte cytokines between the 2 treatments. Thus, LG supplementation in vivo did not affect ex vivo functions of T cells and monocytes, whereas it decreased several circulating markers of hepatic inflammation as we previously reported. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zunino, Susan J.; Storms, David H.; Freytag, Tammy L.; Adkins, Yuriko C.; Woodhouse, Leslie R.; Kelley, Darshan S.] ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 430 West Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bonnel, Ellen L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Breksa, Andrew P., III; Manners, Gary D.; Mackey, Bruce E.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 430 West Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM darshan.kelley@ars.usda.gov FU Coca-Cola Company, 1 Coca-Cola Plaza, Atlanta, USA [GA 30313]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (CRIS) [5306-51530-017-00D]; CRIS [5306-51530-018-00D] FX This study was supported by a grant from The Coca-Cola Company, 1 Coca-Cola Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA, and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (CRIS no. 5306-51530-017-00D and CRIS no. 5306-51530-018-00D). No conflicts of interest are present for any of the authors. US Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.10.011 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA DB8GQ UT WOS:000368755600004 PM 26773778 ER PT J AU Moore, CE Liu, Y AF Moore, Carolyn E. Liu, Yan TI Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with total adiposity of children in the United States: National Health and Examination Survey 2005 to 2006 SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Vitamin D; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Adiposity; Cross sectional; Children ID BODY-MASS INDEX; VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; US CHILDREN; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; RISK; CHILDHOOD; GUIDELINE AB A negative association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamn D (25[OH]D) concentrations and adiposity has been found in adults. We hypothesized that serum 25(OH)D concentrations of children would correlate positively with vitamin D intake and correlate negatively with adiposity measures. Using a nationally representative sample of children aged 6 to 18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 (n = 2492), serum 25(OH)D concentrations were compared with measures of adiposity (weight, waist circumference [WC], WC-to-height ratio, body mass index, skinfold thickness, and percent body fat). Based on Endocrine Society's serum 25(OH)D concentration criteria, 26.9% +/- 2.3% of the children were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL) and 26.5% +/- 2.6% had sufficient levels (>= 30 ng/mL). Controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, and income, linear regression analysis indicated that dietary vitamin D intake was positively associated with serum 25(OH)D levels (P < .05) and markers of adiposity were negatively associated with serum 25(OH)D levels: WC, WC-to-height ratio, body mass index, and triceps skinfold thickness (P < .05). A subgroup analysis (n = 2086; 8-18 years) of body fat, fat mass index, and percent body fat measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry also was negatively associated with serum 25(OH)D levels (P < .05). When standardized beta coefficients were compared, strength of the inverse relationship to serum 25(OH)D concentrations was very similar for several adiposity measures. In conclusion, risk of a vitamin D deficiency was fairly common among children based on Endocrine Society criteria and low serum 25(OH)D concentrations were strongly associated with increased adiposity in children. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, Carolyn E.] Texas Womans Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 6700 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Liu, Yan] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Moore, CE (reprint author), Texas Womans Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 6700 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM cmoore8@twu.edu FU Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX FX All authors have no conflicts of interest to report. This study was supported internally by the Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.11.003 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA DB8GQ UT WOS:000368755600009 PM 26773783 ER PT J AU Evans, JA Tranel, PJ Hager, AG Schutte, B Wu, CX Chatham, LA Davis, AS AF Evans, Jeffrey A. Tranel, Patrick J. Hager, Aaron G. Schutte, Brian Wu, Chenxi Chatham, Laura A. Davis, Adam S. TI Managing the evolution of herbicide resistance SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE resistance evolution; glyphosate resistance; Amaranthus tuberculatus; common waterhemp; modes of action; herbicide rotation; herbicide mixing ID WATERHEMP AMARANTHUS-TUBERCULATUS; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; PALMER AMARANTH; BETA-DIVERSITY; FITNESS COST; WEEDS AB BACKGROUNDUnderstanding and managing the evolutionary responses of pests and pathogens to control efforts is essential to human health and survival. Herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds undermine agricultural sustainability, productivity and profitability, yet the epidemiology of resistance evolution-particularly at landscape scales-is poorly understood. We studied glyphosate resistance in a major agricultural weed, Amaranthus tuberculatus (common waterhemp), using landscape, weed and management data from 105 central Illinois grain farms, including over 500 site-years of herbicide application records. RESULTSGlyphosate-resistant (GR) A. tuberculatus occurrence was greatest in fields with frequent glyphosate applications, high annual rates of herbicide mechanism of action (MOA) turnover and few MOAs field(-1) year(-1). Combining herbicide MOAs at the time of application by herbicide mixing reduced the likelihood of GRA. tuberculatus. CONCLUSIONSThese findings illustrate the importance of examining large-scale evolutionary processes at relevant spatial scales. Although measures such as herbicide mixing may delay GR or other HR weed traits, they are unlikely to prevent them. Long-term weed management will require truly diversified management practices that minimize selection for herbicide resistance traits. (c) 2015 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Evans, Jeffrey A.; Davis, Adam S.] USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. [Tranel, Patrick J.; Hager, Aaron G.; Wu, Chenxi; Chatham, Laura A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Schutte, Brian] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Evans, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. EM jeffrey.evans@ars.usda.gov FU USDA NIFA AFRI Project [2012-67013-19343]; Monsanto Co.; Illinois Soybean Association; Soybean Checkoff FX We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation and assistance of the custom retail applicator and helpful comments from Paul Neve, Sarah Ward and Don Ort. Partial support for this study came from USDA NIFA AFRI Project 2012-67013-19343, Monsanto Co. and the Illinois Soybean Association and Soybean Checkoff. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing scientific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 24 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 72 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1002/ps.4009 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA DC0XN UT WOS:000368941400008 PM 25809409 ER PT J AU Deitloff, J Dunbar, MW Ingber, DA Hibbard, BE Gassmann, AJ AF Deitloff, Jennifer Dunbar, Mike W. Ingber, David A. Hibbard, Bruce E. Gassmann, Aaron J. TI Effects of refuges on the evolution of resistance to transgenic corn by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE agriculture; insect resistance management; refuge strategy; transgenic crops ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; FIELD-EVOLVED RESISTANCE; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; BT MAIZE; INSECT ADAPTATION; LABORATORY COLONIES; EVENT DAS-59122-7; SEED MIXTURES; CROPS; MORTALITY AB BACKGROUNDDiabrotica virgifera virgiferaLeConte is a major pest of corn and causes over a billion dollars of economic loss annually through yield reductions and management costs. Corn producing toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been developed to help manage D. v. virgifera. However, previous studies have demonstrated the ability of this species to evolve resistance to Bt toxins in both laboratory and field settings. RESULTSWe used an experimental evolution approach to test the refuge strategies for delaying resistance of D. v. virgifera to corn producing Bt toxin Cry34/35Ab1. In the absence of refuges, D. v. virgifera developed resistance to Bt corn after three generations of selection. In some cases, non-Bt refuges reduced the level of resistance compared with the strain selected in the absence of refuges, but refuge strains did show reduced susceptibility to Bt corn compared with the unselected strain. CONCLUSIONSIn this study, non-Bt refuges delayed resistance to Bt corn by D. v. virgifera in some cases but not others. Combining the refuge strategy with pyramids of multiple Bt toxins and applying other pest management strategies will likely be necessary to delay resistance of D. v. virgifera to Bt corn. (c) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Deitloff, Jennifer; Dunbar, Mike W.; Ingber, David A.; Gassmann, Aaron J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA USA. [Deitloff, Jennifer] Lock Haven Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lock Haven, PA USA. [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Deitloff, J (reprint author), Lock Haven Univ, Biol Sci, East Campus Sci Ctr 204, Lock Haven, PA 17745 USA. EM jmd240@lhup.edu FU Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grant Program from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-33120-20256] FX We thank the Gassmann lab at Iowa State University for reading previous drafts of this manuscript, and DuPont-Pioneer for providing the corn seed used in this study. This research was supported by Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grant Program competitive grant no. 2009-33120-20256 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by Iowa State University or the US Department of Agriculture. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 72 IS 1 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1002/ps.3988 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA DC0XN UT WOS:000368941400021 PM 25652190 ER PT S AU Harper, L Gardiner, J Andorf, C Lawrence, CJ AF Harper, Lisa Gardiner, Jack Andorf, Carson Lawrence, Carolyn J. BE Edwards, D TI MaizeGDB: The Maize Genetics and Genomics Database SO PLANT BIOINFORMATICS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS, 2ND EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Maize; Database; Genetics; Genomics; Genome; Model organism database ID DATA SETS; RESOURCE AB MaizeGDB is the community database for biological information about the crop plant Zea mays. Genomic, genetic, sequence, gene product, functional characterization, literature reference, and person/organization contact information are among the datatypes stored at MaizeGDB. At the project's website (http://www.maizegdb.org) are custom interfaces enabling researchers to browse data and to seek out specific information matching explicit search criteria. In addition, pre-compiled reports are made available for particular types of data and bulletin boards are provided to facilitate communication and coordination among members of the community of maize geneticists. C1 [Harper, Lisa; Gardiner, Jack; Andorf, Carson] Iowa State Univ, Maize Genet & Genom Database, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Lawrence, Carolyn J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Roy J Carver Colab, Ames, IA USA. RP Harper, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Maize Genet & Genom Database, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-3167-5; 978-1-4939-3166-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2016 VL 1374 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3167-5_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3167-5 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BE2ES UT WOS:000369091900010 PM 26519406 ER PT J AU Deshields, TL Heiland, MF Kracen, AC Dua, P AF Deshields, Teresa L. Heiland, Mark F. Kracen, Amanda C. Dua, Priya TI Resilience in adults with cancer: development of a conceptual model SO PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cancer; oncology; resilience; cancer survivorship; coping ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; BREAST-CANCER; PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; MENTAL-HEALTH; GROWTH; EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSIS; SURVIVORS; ADOLESCENTS AB ObjectiveResilience is a construct addressed in the psycho-oncology literature and is especially relevant to cancer survivorship. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for resilience that is specific to adults diagnosed with cancer. MethodsTo establish the proposed model, a brief review of the various definitions of resilience and of the resilience literature in oncology is provided. ResultsThe proposed model includes baseline attributes (personal and environmental) which impact how an individual responds to an adverse event, which in this paper is cancer-related. The survivor has an initial response that fits somewhere on the distress-resilience continuum; however, post-cancer experiences (and interventions) can modify the initial response through a process of recalibration. ConclusionsThe literature reviewed indicates that resilience is a common response to cancer diagnosis or treatment. The proposed model supports the view of resilience as both an outcome and a dynamic process. Given the process of recalibration, a discussion is provided of interventions that might facilitate resilience in adults with cancer. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Deshields, Teresa L.; Heiland, Mark F.; Kracen, Amanda C.] Siteman Canc Ctr, Siteman Counseling Serv, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Dua, Priya] Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, St Louis, MO USA. RP Deshields, TL (reprint author), Siteman Canc Ctr, Siteman Counseling Serv, Psychooncol Serv, 4921 Parkview Pl MS 90-35-703, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM tld2593@bjc.org NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1057-9249 EI 1099-1611 J9 PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY JI Psycho-Oncol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1002/pon.3800 PG 8 WC Oncology; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Oncology; Psychology; Biomedical Social Sciences GA DB9EL UT WOS:000368819100002 PM 25787828 ER PT J AU Carvalho, FKDL Cook, D Lee, ST Taylor, CM Oliveira, JBS Riet-Correa, F AF Carvalho, Fabricio K. de L. Cook, Daniel Lee, Stephen T. Taylor, Charlotte M. Soares Oliveira, Jefferson Bruno Riet-Correa, Franklin TI Determination of toxicity in rabbits and corresponding detection of monofluoroacetate in four Palicourea (Rubiaceae) species from the Amazonas state, Brazil SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Monofluoroacetate; Sudden death; Palicourea; Poisonous plants; Rubiaceae ID SPECTROSCOPY; BIGNONIACEAE; MARCGRAVII; CATTLE; ACID AB Numerous monofluoroacetate (MFA)-containing plants in Brazil cause sudden death syndrome precipitated by exercise in livestock, which is characterized by loss of balance, ataxia, labored breathing, muscle tremors, and recumbence leading to death. Four species of Palicourea collected at six farms were tested for the presence of MFA and their toxicity to rabbits. Palicourea longiflora and Palicourea barraensis contained MFA and caused sudden death in the rabbits. Palicourea croceoides and Palicourea nitidella did not contain MFA and were not toxic to rabbits. P. longiflora and P. barraensis were collected at three farms with a history of sudden death in their cattle. This is the first report of toxicity in regard to these two species. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carvalho, Fabricio K. de L.; Riet-Correa, Franklin] Univ Fed Campina Grande, Vet Hosp, BR-58700000 Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil. [Cook, Daniel; Lee, Stephen T.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Taylor, Charlotte M.] Missouri Bot Garden, POB 299, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. [Soares Oliveira, Jefferson Bruno] ESBAM, Escola Super Batista, Curso Med Vet, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Riet-Correa, Franklin] Natl Inst Agr Res INIA, La Estanzuela 4000, Colonia, Uruguay. RP Riet-Correa, F (reprint author), Univ Fed Campina Grande, Vet Hosp, BR-58700000 Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil.; Riet-Correa, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Agr Res INIA, La Estanzuela 4000, Colonia, Uruguay. EM franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br FU National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT/CNPq) [573534/2008-0] FX This work was financially supported by the National Institute of Science and Technology for the Study of Plant Poisonings (INCT/CNPq, grant 573534/2008-0). NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JAN PY 2016 VL 109 BP 42 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.11.009 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA DB9VI UT WOS:000368865400008 ER PT J AU Caterino, MS Tishechkin, AK AF Caterino, Michael S. Tishechkin, Alexey K. TI A revision of Megalocraerus Lewis, 1902 (Coleoptera, Histeridae: Exosternini) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Histeridae; Histerinae; Exosternini; subcortical predator; Neotropical region ID PHYLOGENY AB The formely monotypic Neotropical genus Megalocraerus Lewis is revised to include five species, known from southeastern Brazil to Costa Rica: M. rubricatus Lewis, M. mandibularis sp. n., M. chico sp. n., M. madrededios sp. n., and M. tiputini sp. n. We describe the species, map their distributions, and provide a key for their identification. Their subcylindrical body form and emarginate mesosternum have previously hindered placement to tribe, although their curent assignment to Exosternini now appears well supported by morphological evidence. Nothing is known of the natural history of the species. C1 [Caterino, Michael S.] Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Tishechkin, Alexey K.] Smithsonian Inst, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Caterino, MS (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mcateri@clemson.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0949790] FX For providing specimen material, assistance in the field, and assistance with permitting, we would like to thank Luciana Masutti de Almeida, Daniel Moura, Fernando Leivas, and Kleber Mise (UFPR), Max Barclay and Roger Booth (BMNH), Angel Solis (INBIO), Paul Skelley (Florida State Collection of Arthropods), Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Zack Falin (Snow Entomological Collection, University of Kansas), Nicolas Degallier, and Al Allen. We also thank the National Science Foundation for financial support (DEB-0949790). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2016 IS 557 BP 59 EP 78 DI 10.3897/zookeys.557.7087 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DC0OE UT WOS:000368916400003 PM 26877699 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI A new species of Eutettix (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) from Wisconsin SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Leafhopper; new species; Athysanini; Nearctic; Wisconsin; Quercus AB Eutettix latoides sp. n., is described from central Wisconsin. It most closely resembles the Californian species E. latus Hepner, and was collected from Quercus ellipsoidalis. C1 [McKamey, Stuart H.] Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, MRC 168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, MRC 168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stuart.mckamey@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2016 IS 557 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.3897/zookeys.557.5939 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DC0OE UT WOS:000368916400004 PM 26877700 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH Porter, MJ AF McKamey, Stuart H. Porter, Mitchell J. TI First Immature of the New World Treehopper tribe Thuridini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a new synonym, a new combination, and a new country record SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Thuris; Parantonae; nymph; syn. n.; comb. n.; Ecuador; Venezuela AB The species Thuris depressus Sakakibara (1975) is proposed as a syn. n. of Thuris binodosus (Goding 1926), comb. n. The distribution of the genus is expanded from Brazil and Peru to include Ecuador and Venezuela, and the immature is described based on 75 characters. C1 [McKamey, Stuart H.] Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH MRC 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Porter, Mitchell J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH MRC 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM stuart.mckamey@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2016 IS 557 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.3897/zookeys.557.6602 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DC0OE UT WOS:000368916400005 PM 26877701 ER PT J AU Fassini, PG Pfrimer, K Ferriolli, E Suen, VMM Marchini, JS Das, SK AF Fassini, Priscila Giacomo Pfrimer, Karma Ferriolli, Eduardo Marques Suen, Vivian Miguel Marchini, Julio Sergio Das, Sai Krupa TI Assessment of energy requirements in patients with short bowel syndrome by using the doubly labeled water method SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE short bowel syndrome; energy requirement; doubly labeled water; total energy expenditure; resting energy expenditure ID PART II; ADULTS; EXPENDITURE AB Background: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a serious malabsorption disorder, and dietetic management of patients with SBS is extremely challenging. Once the degree of undernutrition has been assessed, successful dietary intervention is contingent on an accurate estimation and provision of energy needs. Objective: We quantified total energy expenditure (TEE) in patients with SBS by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method to inform energy needs and nutritional therapy goals. Design: In this observational study, TEE was measured in 22 participants, 11 with SBS and 11 sex-, age-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls (non-SBS), for 14 d with the DLW method. Predicted energy requirements were determined by using the Escott-Stump equation and compared with TEE determined with DLW. Resting energy expenditure was measured by using indirect calorimetry, and an accelerometer was also used to determine physical activity level. Results: Participants were aged (mean +/- SD) 53 +/- 8 y. Measured TEE was significantly higher than predicted TEE for the SBS group (1875 +/- 276 compared with 1517 +/- 175 kcal/d, P = 0.001) and also for the non-SBS group (2393 +/- 445 compared with 1532 +/- 178 kcal/d, P < 0.01). Measured TEE was significantly lower in the SBS group than in the non-SBS group (P < 0.01); however, predicted TEE did not differ significantly between the groups (P = 0.84). No significant differences were seen between measured and predicted resting energy expenditure either within or between groups. Conclusions: Measured TEE in patients with SBS was significantly higher than predicted by using standard equations but also lower than values for age-, BMI-, and sex-matched non-SBS controls. Currently used formulas in clinical practice appear to underestimate energy requirements of patients with SBS, and revision is needed to prevent underfeeding and improve long-term prognosis. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02113228. C1 [Fassini, Priscila Giacomo; Pfrimer, Karma; Ferriolli, Eduardo; Marques Suen, Vivian Miguel; Marchini, Julio Sergio] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Div Nutrol, Dept Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Das, Sai Krupa] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Das, SK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sai.das@tufts.edu RI Fassini, Priscila/D-2259-2016; Ferriolli, Eduardo/J-6258-2012; OI Fassini, Priscila/0000-0002-7428-6641; Marchini, Julio Sergio/0000-0001-9999-9149 FU Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2012/22543-3, 2012/22542-7]; Fundacao de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistencia, University Hospital at the Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Sao Paulo University [450-2013, 452-2013] FX Supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grants 2012/22543-3 and 2012/22542-7) and Fundacao de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistencia, University Hospital at the Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Sao Paulo University (funding reference: 450-2013 and 452-2013). NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 103 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.3945/ajcn.115.122408 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA DA5VA UT WOS:000367869500011 PM 26675764 ER PT J AU Brito, A Verdugo, R Hertrampf, E Miller, JW Green, R Fedosov, SN Shahab-Ferdows, S Sanchez, H Albala, C Castillo, JL Matamala, JM Uauy, R Allen, LH AF Brito, Alex Verdugo, Renato Hertrampf, Eva Miller, Joshua W. Green, Ralph Fedosov, Sergey N. Shahab-Ferdows, Setareh Sanchez, Hugo Albala, Cecilia Castillo, Jose L. Matamala, Jose M. Uauy, Ricardo Allen, Lindsay H. TI Vitamin B-12 treatment of asymptomatic, deficient, elderly Chileans improves conductivity in myelinated peripheral nerves, but high serum folate impairs vitamin B-12 status response assessed by the combined indicator of vitamin B-12 status SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE folate; vitamin B-12; holotranscobalamin; methylmalonic acid; total homocysteine; folic acid fortification; nerve conductivity; elderly; Chile ID SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; REVERSIBLE MYELOPATHY; METHYLMALONIC ACID; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; NEUROPATHY; DISEASE; PEOPLE; PLASMA AB Background: It is uncertain whether vitamin B-12 supplementation can improve neurophysiologic function in asymptomatic elderly with low vitamin B-12 status or whether folate status affects responses to vitamin B-12 supplementation. Objective: We assessed the effects of a single intramuscular injection of 10 mg vitamin B-12 (which also contained 100 mg vitamin B-6 and 100 mg vitamin B-1) on vitamin B-12 status and neurophysiologic function in elderly community-dwelling Chileans with low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations who were consuming bread fortified with folic acid. Design: A pretreatment and posttreatment study was conducted in 51 participants (median +/- SD age: 73 +/- 3 y; women: 47%) with serum vitamin B-12 concentrations <120 pmol/L at screening. Vitamin B-12 status was defined by combining vitamin B-12, plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), methylmalonic acid (MMA), and holtranscobalmin into one variable [combined indicator of vitamin B-12 status (cB-12)]. The response to treatment was assessed by measuring cB-12 and neurophysiologic variables at baseline and 4 mo after treatment. Results: Treatment increased serum vitamin B-12, holotranscobalamin, and cB-12 (P < 0.001) and reduced plasma tHcy and serum MMA (P < 0.001). Treatment produced consistent improvements in conduction in myelinated peripheral nerves; the sensory latency of both the left and right sural nerves improved on the basis of faster median conduction times of 3.1 and 3.0 ms and 3.3 and 3.4 ms, respectively (P < 0.0001). A total of 10 sensory potentials were newly observed in sural nerves after treatment. Participants with high serum folate at baseline (above the median, >= 33.9 nmol/L) had less improvement in cB-12 (P < 0.001) than did individuals whose serum folate was less than the median concentration (i.e., with a concentration <33.9 nmol/L). Conclusion: Asymptomatic Chilean elderly with poor vitamin B-12 status displayed improved conductivity in myelinated peripheral nerves after vitamin B-12 treatment and an interaction with folate status, which was detected only with the use of cB-12. C1 [Brito, Alex; Shahab-Ferdows, Setareh; Allen, Lindsay H.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Verdugo, Renato; Castillo, Jose L.; Matamala, Jose M.] Univ Chile, Fac Med, Dept Neurol Sci, Santiago 7, Chile. [Hertrampf, Eva; Sanchez, Hugo; Albala, Cecilia; Uauy, Ricardo] Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Santiago, Chile. [Miller, Joshua W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Miller, Joshua W.; Green, Ralph] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fedosov, Sergey N.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Aarhus, Denmark. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov FU Chilean National Science and Technology Research Fund [1070592] FX Supported in part by the Chilean National Science and Technology Research Fund (grant 1070592; to RU). NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 103 IS 1 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.3945/ajcn.115.116509 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA DA5VA UT WOS:000367869500029 PM 26607937 ER PT J AU Peiris, KHS Bockus, WW Dowell, FE AF Peiris, Kamaranga H. S. Bockus, William W. Dowell, Floyd E. TI Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Evaluation of Single-Kernel Deoxynivalenol Accumulation and Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Components in Wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; MYCOTOXIN DEOXYNIVALENOL; PLANT HEIGHT; EAR BLIGHT; GRAIN; CULMORUM; SPIKES; BARLEY; GRAMINEARUM; POPULATION AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) symptoms, single-kernel deoxynivalenol (DON) levels, and distribution of DON levels among kernels in response to artificial FHB inoculation were investigated in three selected wheat cultivars that had different reported levels of FHB resistance. DON levels were estimated with near-infrared spectroscopy. The percentages of DON-containing spikelets per spike of 15.2, 49.7, and 89.1% were significantly different among point-inoculated spikes of Everest, Karl 92, and Overley, respectively. The percentage of visually Fusarium-damaged kernels in point-inoculated Karl 92 and Overley spikes was significantly higher than for Everest. However, the DON-containing spikelets per spike and visually Fusarium-damaged kernels values for spray-inoculated spikes were not significantly different among the three cultivars. In spray-inoculated spikes, DON levels in kernels ranged from 0 to 291.3 ppm, whereas the variation of DON levels in spikelet positions was random. In contrast, DON levels in spikelets below the inoculated spikelet in point-inoculated spikes showed marked differences among the three cultivars. Overley had the highest DON accumulation in kernels. This near-infrared spectroscopy method may be used as a novel way to evaluate wheat cultivars for FHB resistance to toxin accumulation. Other resistance components such as resistance to pathogen infection and resistance to pathogen spread may also be evaluated. C1 [Peiris, Kamaranga H. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bockus, William W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dowell, Floyd E.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Stored Prod Insect & Engn Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Stored Prod Insect & Engn Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM floyd.dowell@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-03-15-0057-R PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA DB4VU UT WOS:000368512500005 ER PT J AU Bae, IY Kim, HJ Inglett, GE Lee, S AF Bae, In Young Kim, Hyeon Ji Inglett, George E. Lee, Suyong TI Effect of Whole Grain Wheat Flour on the Mixing Properties, Oil Uptake, and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Instant Fried Noodles SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PASTA; QUALITY; FIBERS AB The effects of whole grain wheat (WGW) flour on the quality attributes of instant fried noodles were characterized in terms of mixing and oil-resisting properties as well as in vitro starch digestibility. Higher water absorption and shorter kneading time were required to obtain the optimally mixed dough from WGW flour, and the presence of nonstarch components in the WGW flour lowered the thermal conductivity of the noodles. The use of WGW flour produced instant fried noodles with oil uptake reduced by 30%, which could be correlated with the less porous structure confirmed by the surface and cross-sectional scanning electron microscope images. When the instant fried noodles were subjected to in vitro starch digestion, the use of WGW flour was effective in suppressing the hydrolysis of starch in the noodles, and the predicted glycemic index of the WGW noodles (80.6) was significantly lower than that of the white wheat noodles (83.3). C1 [Bae, In Young] Far East Univ, Dept Food & Fermentat, Eumseong Gun 7632, Chungcheongbuk, South Korea. [Kim, Hyeon Ji; Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 98 Gunja Dong, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Kim, Hyeon Ji; Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Carbohydrate Bioprod Res Ctr, 98 Gunja Dong, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Inglett, George E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 98 Gunja Dong, Seoul 143747, South Korea.; Lee, S (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Carbohydrate Bioprod Res Ctr, 98 Gunja Dong, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM suyonglee@sejong.ac.kr FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2013R1A1A2A10004640]; Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [2012R1A1A3007853] FX This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2013R1A1A2A10004640) and the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2012R1A1A3007853). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 31 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 BP 100 EP 103 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-04-15-0063-N PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA DB4VU UT WOS:000368512500016 ER PT J AU Jordan, DB Braker, JD Wagschal, K Stoller, JR Lee, CC AF Jordan, Douglas B. Braker, Jay D. Wagschal, Kurt Stoller, J. Rose Lee, Charles C. TI Isolation and divalent-metal activation of a beta-xylosidase, RUM630-BX SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GH43 beta-xylosidase; Divalent metal activators; Highest k(cat)/K-m (xylotetraose); Xylan; Biofuels ID ARABINOFURANOSIDASE; RESIDUES AB The gene encoding RUM630-BX, a beta-xylosidase/arabinofuranosidase, was identified from activity-based screening of a cow rumen metagenomic library. The recombinant enzyme is activated as much as 14-fold (k(cat)) by divalent metals Mg2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ but not by Ca2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. Activation of RUM630-BX by Mg2+ (t(0.5) 144s) is slowed two-fold by prior incubation with substrate, consistent with the X-ray structure of closely related xylosidase RS223-BX that shows the divalent-metal activator is at the back of the active-site pocket so that bound substrate could block its entrance. The enzyme is considerably more active on natural substrates than artificial substrates, with activity (k(cat)/K-m) of 299 s(-1) mM(-1) on xylotetraose being the highest reported. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jordan, Douglas B.; Braker, Jay D.; Stoller, J. Rose] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Wagschal, Kurt; Lee, Charles C.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, CC (reprint author), 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Charles.Lee@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture [CRIS5325-41000-054-00D, CRIS3620-41000-118-00D]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-03998] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture CRIS5325-41000-054-00D and National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant 2012-03998 (C.C.L. and K.W.), and United States Department of Agriculture CRIS3620-41000-118-00D (D.B.J. and R.S.). The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the US Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 EI 1879-0909 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 82 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.10.001 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA DB3AF UT WOS:000368381200022 PM 26672463 ER PT S AU Considine, J Pierron, F Turner, KT AF Considine, John Pierron, F. Turner, K. T. BE Sciammarella, C Considine, J Gloeckner, P TI Use of VFM for Heterogeneity Evaluation of Materials Under Uniaxial Tensile Stress SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS, VOL 4 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Experimental Mech DE VFM; Stiffness; Heterogeneity; Simulation; Uniaxial tension ID VIRTUAL FIELDS METHOD AB Identification of spatially varying stiffness is a challenging, but important, research topic especially as materials become more complex and are used in extreme environments. Examination of heterogeneity is often accomplished by unique test fixtures capable of creating the necessary stress configurations for heterogeneous stiffness identification. In this work the Virtual Fields Method (VFM) was used to identify stiffnesses in a simple geometry, namely uniaxial tension, of a simulated material with an inclusion whose stiffness gradually increases from that of surrounding material. Three different VFM analyses were examined and their results compared. Results suggest that cooperative use of these analyses could provide reasonable stiffness identification for heterogeneous materials using uniaxial tensile tests. C1 [Considine, John] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Pierron, F.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Turner, K. T.] Univ Penn, 245 Towne Bldg,220 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Considine, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jconsidine@fs.fed.us RI Pierron, Fabrice/D-2332-2011 OI Pierron, Fabrice/0000-0003-2813-4994 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-22449-7; 978-3-319-22448-0 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22449-7_7 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BE1UI UT WOS:000368587400007 ER PT S AU Kretschmann, DE Considine, JM Pierron, F AF Kretschmann, D. E. Considine, J. M. Pierron, F. BE Sciammarella, C Considine, J Gloeckner, P TI Optimized Test Design for Identification of the Variation of Elastic Stiffness Properties of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Pith to Bark SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS, VOL 4 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Experimental design; Un-notched Iosipescu test; Virtual fields method (VFM); Elastic stiffness parameters; Computer simulations ID FULL-FIELD MEASUREMENTS; WOOD AB This article presents the design optimization of an un-notched Iosipescu test specimen whose goal is the characterization of the material elastic stiffnesses of a Loblolly (Pinus taeda) or Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) sample in one single test. A series of finite element (FE) and grid simulations were conducted to determine displacement and strain fields for various ring angles, ring spaces, and proportions of latewood per ring. These displacement and strain fields were utilized to determine the constitutive parameters for the woody material using VFM. Using an error function based on a comparison of the input stiffnesses and those identified by grid simulation information it was possible to narrow the optimum ring angle at which test specimens should be tested. The results of this work suggest that the starting angles for the unnotched Iosipescu test specimens should be approximately 45 degrees to produce the smallest identification error. C1 [Kretschmann, D. E.; Considine, J. M.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Pierron, F.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Kretschmann, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dkretschmann@fs.fed.us RI Pierron, Fabrice/D-2332-2011 OI Pierron, Fabrice/0000-0003-2813-4994 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-22449-7; 978-3-319-22448-0 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22449-7_8 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BE1UI UT WOS:000368587400008 ER PT J AU La Hovary, C Danehower, DA Ma, G Reberg-Horton, C Williamson, JD Baerson, SR Burton, JD AF La Hovary, C. Danehower, D. A. Ma, G. Reberg-Horton, C. Williamson, J. D. Baerson, S. R. Burton, J. D. TI Phytotoxicity and Benzoxazinone Concentration in Field Grown Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; COVER CROP RESIDUE; WEED SUPPRESSION; AQUEOUS EXTRACTS; ZEA-MAYS; ALLELOCHEMICALS; ALLELOPATHY; SENESCENCE; WHEAT; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) is used as a cover crop because of the weed suppression potential of its mulch. To gain insight into the more effective use of rye as a cover crop we assessed changes in benzoxazinone (BX) levels in rye shoot tissue over the growing season. Four rye varieties were planted in the fall and samples harvested at intervals the following spring. Two different measures of phytotoxic compound content were taken. Seed germination bioassays were used as an estimate of total phytotoxic potential. Dilutions of shoot extracts were tested using two indicator species to compare the relative toxicity of tissue. In addition, BX (DIBOA, DIBOA-glycoside, and BOA) levels were directly determined using gas chromatography. Results showed that rye tissue harvested in March was the most toxic to indicator species, with toxicity decreasing thereafter. Likewise the BX concentration in rye shoot tissue increased early in the season and then decreased over time. Thus, phytotoxicity measured by bioassay and BX levels measured by GC have a similar but not identical temporal profile. The observed decrease in phytotoxic potential and plant BX levels in rye later in the season appears to correlate with the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. C1 [La Hovary, C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Danehower, D. A.] Avoca Inc, POB 129,841 Avoca Farm Rd, Merry Hill, NC 27957 USA. [Ma, G.; Williamson, J. D.; Burton, J. D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Reberg-Horton, C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Baerson, S. R.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Burton, JD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jim_burton@ncsu.edu NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU HINDAWI LTD PI LONDON PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FLR, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, WIT 5HE, ENGLAND SN 1687-8159 EI 1687-8167 J9 INT J AGRON JI Int. J. Agron. PY 2016 AR 6463826 DI 10.1155/2016/6463826 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB3DG UT WOS:000368389600001 ER PT J AU Hunt, ER Daughtry, CST Li, L AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Daughtry, Craig S. T. Li, Li TI Feasibility of estimating leaf water content using spectral indices from WorldView-3 ' s near-infrared and shortwave infrared bands SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES MODEL; HYPERSPECTRAL INDEXES; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUID WATER; VEGETATION; REFLECTANCE; LANDSAT; IMAGERY; CANOPY AB A recently-launched high-resolution commercial satellite, DigitalGlobe's WorldView-3, has 8 bands in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region, which may be capable of estimating canopy water content at 3.7-m spatial resolution. WorldView-3 also has 8 multispectral bands at 1.24-m resolution with two bands in the near-infrared (NIR). The relative spectral response functions for WorldView-3 were provided by DigitalGlobe, Inc., and band reflectances were determined for reflectance spectra of PROSPECT model simulations and leaf data from maize, trees, grasses, and broadleaf herbaceous eudicots. For laboratory measurements, the range of leaf water contents was extended by including drying leaves and leaf stacks of corn, soybean, oaks, and maples. Correlations between leaf water content and spectral indices from model simulations suggested that indices using SWIR band 1 (center wavelength 1210 nm) had low variability with respect to leaf water content, but also low sensitivity. Other indices using SWIR band 5 (2165 nm) had the highest sensitivity, but also had high variability caused by different values of the leaf structure parameter in PROSPECT. Indices using SWIR bands 2, 3 and 4 (1570, 1660, and 1730 nm, respectively) had high correlations and intermediate variability from the leaf structure parameter. Spectral indices calculated from the leaf data had the same overall patterns as the simulations for variation and sensitivity; however, indices using SWIR band 1 had low correlations, and the best correlations were from indices that used SWIR bands 2, 3 and 4. Spectral indices for maize, grasses, and herbaceous crops and weeds had similar responses to leaf water content; tree leaves had higher index values and saturated at lower leaf water contents. The specified width of NIR band 2 (860-1040 nm) overlaps the water absorption feature at 970 nm wavelength; however, the normalized difference of NIR band 1 and 2 was insensitive to water content because NIR band 2's spectral response was most heavily weighted to wavelengths less than 930 nm. The high spatial resolution of the WorldView-3 SWIR data will help analyze how variation among plant species and functional groups affects spectral responses to differences in canopy water content. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Daughtry, Craig S. T.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Li] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 2 BP 388 EP 402 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1128575 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DB7VL UT WOS:000368724700008 ER PT J AU Xi, B Zhai, LM Liu, J Liu, S Wang, HY Luo, CY Ren, TZ Liu, HB AF Xi Bin Zhai Li-mei Liu Jian Liu Shen Wang Hong-yuan Luo Chun-yan Ren Tian-zhi Liu Hong-bin TI Long-term phosphorus accumulation and agronomic and environmtal critical phosphorus levels in Haplic Luvisol soil, northern China SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE critical phosphorus value; crop yield; Olsen P; phosphorus leaching; soil phosphorus test; water quality ID SILTY CLAY LOAM; WINTER-WHEAT; OLSEN P; FERTILIZER; RISK; MANURES; CROPS AB Sufficient soil phosphorus (P) content is essential for achieving optimal crop yields, but accumulation of P in the soil due to excessive P applications can cause a risk of P loss and contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. Determination of a critical soil P value is fundamental for making appropriate P fertilization recommendations to ensure safety of both environment and crop production. In this study, agronomic and environmental critical P levels were determined by using linear-linear and linear-plateau models, and two segment linear model, for a maize (Zea mays L.)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system based on a 22-yr field experiment on a Haplic Luvisol soil in northern China. This study included six treatments: control (unfertilized), no P (NoP), application of mineral P fertilizer (MinP), MinP plus return of maize straw (MinP+StrP), MinP plus low rate of farmyard swine manure (MinP+L.Man) and MinP plus high rate of manure (MinP+H.Man). Based on the two models, the mean agronomic critical levels of soil Olsen-P for optimal maize and wheat yields were 12.3 and 12.8 mg kg(-1), respectively. The environmental critical P value as an indicator for P leaching was 30.6 mg Olsen-P kg(-1), which was 2.4 times higher than the agronomic critical P value (on average 12.5 mg P kg(-1)). It was calculated that soil Olsen-P content would reach the environmental critical P value in 41 years in the MinP treatment, but in only 5-6 years in the two manure treatments. Application of manure could significantly raise soil Olsen-P content and cause an obvious risk of P leaching. In conclusion, the threshold range of soil Olsen-P is from 12.5 to 30.6 mg P kg(-1) to optimize crop yields and meanwhile maintain relatively low risk of P leaching in Haplic Luvisol soil, northern China. C1 [Xi Bin; Zhai Li-mei; Liu Jian; Liu Shen; Wang Hong-yuan; Luo Chun-yan; Liu Hong-bin] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Minist Agr, Key Lab Nonpoint Source Pollut Control, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Liu Jian] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ren Tian-zhi] Minist Agr, Inst Agroenvironm Protect, Tianjin 300191, Peoples R China. RP Liu, HB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Minist Agr, Key Lab Nonpoint Source Pollut Control, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM liuhongbing@caas.cn RI Liu, Jian/P-4050-2014 OI Liu, Jian/0000-0003-4199-1296 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41203072]; Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest from Ministry of Agriculture of China [20100314] FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41203072) and the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest from Ministry of Agriculture of China (20100314). We express our warmest acknowledgement to Research Assistant Yang Bo and Zhang Zhenshan from Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China, for taking care of the field experiment. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2095-3119 J9 J INTEGR AGR JI J. Integr. Agric. PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60947-3 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA DB4EX UT WOS:000368467400020 ER PT J AU Schaetzl, RJ Krist, FJ Lewis, CFM Luehmann, MD Michalek, MJ AF Schaetzl, Randall J. Krist, Frank J., Jr. Lewis, C. F. Michael Luehmann, Michael D. Michalek, Michael J. TI Spits formed in Glacial Lake Algonquin indicate strong easterly winds over the Laurentian Great Lakes during late Pleistocene SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glacial Lake Algonquin; Relict spits; Glacial anticyclone; Paleoclimate; Erosional headlands; Isthmi, Isostatic rebound ID NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; PAST 21,000 YEARS; SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO; GEORGIAN BAY; HURON BASIN; ICE-SHEET; USA; LOESS; HOLOCENE; CLIMATE AB We report on a unique, new dataset: 49 spits that formed in the various phases of Glacial Lake Algonquin in the northern Great Lakes region, between approximately 13,200 and 11,500 years BP. The spits, which are now subaerially exposed well above the level of the current Great Lakes, trail off from former Lake Algonquin islands and headlands. Several exceed 10 km in length. Steep, eroded headlands coupled with their coarse-textured sediments, suggest that spit development was driven by large waves and strong longshore currents. The lake's islands and exposed headlands are usually strongly eroded on their eastern margins. Additionally, spits within a parts per thousand 150-200 km of the former ice margin, and especially the very large spits in northern Michigan, trail to the west, particularly the WNW and SW. Some small spits that lie farther south trail to the east, and others, within confined bays, better reflect the localized littoral circulation systems. Together, these features provide on-the-ground evidence for persistent, easterly, summertime winds in the late Pleistocene in the northern Great Lakes region, supporting paleoclimate models that show southeasterly to easterly air flows, originating from a glacial anticyclone above the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Our research suggests that strong, anticyclonically driven, easterly winds were a key part of the regional circulation within a parts per thousand 150-200 km of the southern ice margin, while acknowledging that winds may have been more dominantly westerly at locations farther south. The latter conclusion reconciles with the record of loess transport and dune formation on westerly winds during this (and earlier) time periods in the south-central Great Lakes region and the Great Plains of North America. C1 [Schaetzl, Randall J.; Luehmann, Michael D.; Michalek, Michael J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Krist, Frank J., Jr.] US Forest Serv, GIS & Spatial Anal, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Lewis, C. F. Michael] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Schaetzl, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM soils@msu.edu NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 EI 1573-0417 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 55 IS 1 BP 49 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s10933-015-9862-2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DB6QC UT WOS:000368638900004 ER PT J AU Zuluaga, AP Vega-Arreguin, JC Fei, ZJ Ponnala, L Lee, SJ Matas, AJ Patev, S Fry, WE Rose, JKC AF Zuluaga, Andrea P. Vega-Arreguin, Julio C. Fei, Zhangjun Ponnala, Lalit Lee, Sang Jik Matas, Antonio J. Patev, Sean Fry, William E. Rose, Jocelyn K. C. TI Transcriptional dynamics of Phytophthora infestans during sequential stages of hemibiotrophic infection of tomato SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemibiotroph; in planta effectors; Phytophthora infestans; transcriptome ID RXLR EFFECTOR; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELL-DEATH; COLLETOTRICHUM FUNGI; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; TOXIC COMPOUNDS; CDNA SEQUENCES; SALICYLIC-ACID; LATE BLIGHT AB Hemibiotrophic plant pathogens, such as the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, employ a biphasic infection strategy, initially behaving as biotrophs, where minimal symptoms are exhibited by the plant, and subsequently as necrotrophs, feeding on dead plant tissue. The regulation of this transition and the breadth of molecular mechanisms that modulate plant defences are not well understood, although effector proteins secreted by the pathogen are thought to play a key role. We examined the transcriptional dynamics of P. infestans in a compatible interaction with its host tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) at three infection stages: biotrophy; the transition from biotrophy to necrotrophy; and necrotrophy. The expression data suggest a tight temporal regulation of many pathways associated with the suppression of plant defence mechanisms and pathogenicity, including the induction of putative cytoplasmic and apoplastic effectors. Twelve of these were experimentally evaluated to determine their ability to suppress necrosis caused by the P. infestans necrosis-inducing protein PiNPP1.1 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Four effectors suppressed necrosis, suggesting that they might prolong the biotrophic phase. This study suggests that a complex regulation of effector expression modulates the outcome of the interaction. C1 [Zuluaga, Andrea P.; Vega-Arreguin, Julio C.; Patev, Sean; Fry, William E.] Cornell Univ, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, Sect Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Vega-Arreguin, Julio C.] UNAM, Lab Agrigen, ENES Leon, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA ARS, Robert W Holly Ctr Agr & Hlth, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ponnala, Lalit] Cornell Univ, Inst Biotechnol & Life Sci Technol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lee, Sang Jik; Matas, Antonio J.; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, Plant Biol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lee, Sang Jik] Nongwoo Bio Co Ltd, Inst Biotechnol, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [Matas, Antonio J.] Univ Malaga, Dept Biol Vegetal, Campus Teatinos, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. RP Rose, JKC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, Plant Biol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jr286@cornell.edu RI Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/A-9325-2008; Zuluaga Cruz, Andrea Paola/H-6817-2015 OI Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/0000-0003-4348-3930; Zuluaga Cruz, Andrea Paola/0000-0002-3003-4856 FU National Science Foundation (Plant Genome Program) [DBI-0606595]; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University FX We thank Drs Jose C. Huguet, Rafael O. Tinoco-Lopez and Gregory Martin for valuable advice and Kent Loeffler for photographic assistance. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Plant Genome Program; DBI-0606595) and by support from the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. The authors declare no conflict of interest. NR 78 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-6722 EI 1364-3703 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1111/mpp.12263 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB7OA UT WOS:000368703900003 PM 25845484 ER PT J AU Zuluaga, AP Vega-Arreguin, JC Fei, ZJ Matas, AJ Patev, S Fry, WE Rose, JKC AF Zuluaga, Andrea P. Vega-Arreguin, Julio C. Fei, Zhangjun Matas, Antonio J. Patev, Sean Fry, William E. Rose, Jocelyn K. C. TI Analysis of the tomato leaf transcriptome during successive hemibiotrophic stages of a compatible interaction with the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemibiotrophic interaction; Solanum lycopersicum; transcriptome ID CYSTEINE PROTEASE EFFECTOR; SALICYLIC-ACID; LATE BLIGHT; DISEASE RESISTANCE; DEFENSE RESPONSES; JASMONIC ACID; PRIMARY METABOLISM; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; GENE-EXPRESSION; POTATO LEAVES AB The infection of plants by hemibiotrophic pathogens involves a complex and highly regulated transition from an initial biotrophic, asymptomatic stage to a later necrotrophic state, characterized by cell death. Little is known about how this transition is regulated, and there are conflicting views regarding the significance of the plant hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in the different phases of infection. To provide a broad view of the hemibiotrophic infection process from the plant perspective, we surveyed the transcriptome of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) during a compatible interaction with the hemibiotrophic oomycete Phytophthora infestans during three infection stages: biotrophic, the transition from biotrophy to necrotrophy, and the necrotrophic phase. Nearly 10 000 genes corresponding to proteins in approximately 400 biochemical pathways showed differential transcript abundance during the three infection stages, revealing a major reorganization of plant metabolism, including major changes in source-sink relations, as well as secondary metabolites. In addition, more than 100 putative resistance genes and pattern recognition receptor genes were induced, and both JA and SA levels and associated signalling pathways showed dynamic changes during the infection time course. The biotrophic phase was characterized by the induction of many defence systems, which were either insufficient, evaded or suppressed by the pathogen. C1 [Zuluaga, Andrea P.; Vega-Arreguin, Julio C.; Patev, Sean; Fry, William E.] Cornell Univ, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, Sect Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Vega-Arreguin, Julio C.] UNAM, Lab Agrigen, ENES Leon, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Matas, Antonio J.] Univ Malaga, Dept Biol Vegetal, Campus Teatinos, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Matas, Antonio J.; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, Plant Biol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rose, JKC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, Plant Biol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jr286@cornell.edu RI Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/A-9325-2008; Zuluaga Cruz, Andrea Paola/H-6817-2015 OI Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/0000-0003-4348-3930; Zuluaga Cruz, Andrea Paola/0000-0002-3003-4856 FU National Science Foundation (Plant Genome Program) [DBI-0606595]; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University FX We thank Drs Jose Huguet, Aureliano Bombarely and Gregory Martin for advice and helpful discussions. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Plant Genome Program; DBI-0606595) and by support from the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-6722 EI 1364-3703 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 42 EP 54 DI 10.1111/mpp.12260 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB7OA UT WOS:000368703900004 PM 25808779 ER PT J AU Wiseman, MS Kim, YK Dugan, FM Rogers, JD Xiao, CL AF Wiseman, M. S. Kim, Y. K. Dugan, F. M. Rogers, J. D. Xiao, C. L. TI A New Postharvest Fruit Rot in Apple and Pear Caused by Phacidium lacerum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SPHAEROPSIS-PYRIPUTRESCENS; WASHINGTON-STATE; RIBOSOMAL DNA; DANJOU PEARS; INFECTION; INFERENCE; ORCHARD; STORAGE; FUNGI AB During surveys for postharvest diseases of apple and pear, an unknown postharvest fruit rot was observed in Washington State. The disease appeared to originate from infection of the stem and calyx tissue of the fruit or wounds on the fruit. An unknown pycnidial fungus was consistently isolated from the decayed fruit. Isolates from apple and pear were characterized and identified by molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphology. Pathogenicity of representative isolates on apple and pear fruit was tested under laboratory or field conditions. A BLAST search in GenBank showed that isolates differed from Phacidium lacerum and its synonym, Ceuthospora pinastri, by only 0 to 4 bp in sequences within part of the combined large ribosomal subunit + internal transcribed spacer + small ribosomal subunit regions. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the taxonomic placement of the unknown fungus in the genus Phacidium, with the highest match being C. pinastri (formerly anamorphic P. lacerum) and with closely related taxa from GenBank forming congeneric clades. The fungus grew at 0 to 30 degrees C and formed unilocular to multilocular pycnidial conidiomata on artificial media after approximately 5 to 7 days at room temperature. On potato dextrose agar incubated for a 12-h photoperiod, semi-immersed globose to subglobose pycnidial conidiomata were 250 to 1,000 mu m in diameter (mean = 350), with 1 to 3 nonpapillate to slightly papillate ostioles and a buff conidial matrix. Conidia produced on phialides were 8 to 13 by 1.5 to 2.5 mu M, hyaline, aseptate, cylindrical, with an abruptly tapered, typically slightly protuberant base, 2 to 3 guttules, and sometimes with a mucilaginous, flexuous, unbranched appendage which is attached to the apex of the conidium and disappears with age. Conidiogenous cells were flask shaped and 6 to 15 x1.5 to 3 mu m. Colony characteristics included felt-like aerial white mycelium, gray olivaceous at the center becoming greenish to colorless toward the margin, in concentric rings, with pycnidia forming in 5 to 7 days originating from the center of the plate. Morphological characteristics of the fungus had the greatest conformity with the description for C. pinastri. Based on molecular and morphological data, the fungus is identified as P. lacerum. 'Fuji' apple fruit and 'd'Anjou' pear fruit that were wounded, inoculated with representative isolates, and incubated at 0 degrees C yielded the same symptoms as seen on decayed fruit collected from commercial fruit packinghouses. Stem-end rot, calyx-end rot, and wound-associated rot developed on fruit inoculated in the orchard after 3 months of cold storage. The fungus was reisolated from the diseased fruit. This is the first report of a fruit rot in apple and pear caused by P. lacerum. We propose Phacidium rot as the name of this disease. C1 [Wiseman, M. S.; Rogers, J. D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kim, Y. K.] Pace Int, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Dugan, F. M.] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Xiao, C. L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Xiao, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Chang-Lin.Xiao@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-15-0158-RE PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200003 ER PT J AU Kunjeti, SG Anchieta, A Subbarao, KV Koike, ST Klosterman, SJ AF Kunjeti, Sridhara G. Anchieta, Amy Subbarao, Krishna V. Koike, Steven T. Klosterman, Steven J. TI Plasmolysis and Vital Staining Reveal Viable Oospores of Peronospora effusa in Spinach Seed Lots SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DOWNY MILDEW PATHOGEN; F-SP SPINACIAE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; FARINOSA; VIABILITY; RACES; IDENTIFICATION; GERMINATION; IMMUNITY; MYCELIUM AB Production of oospores by Peronospora effusa, the causal agent of downy mildew on spinach (Spinacia oleracea), was reported on spinach seed over three decades ago. In view of the rapid proliferation of new races of P. effusa worldwide, seedborne transmission of this pathogen has been suspected but methods to test the viability of seedborne oospores have not been available. Eighty-two seed lots of contemporary spinach cultivars were evaluated for the presence of P. effusa using a seed-wash method and the sediment was examined by microscopy. Of the analyzed seed lots, 16% were positive for oospores and an additional 6% for sporangiophores characteristic of P. effusa. Application of a P. effusa-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay showed that 95% of the 59 tested seed lots were positive for P. effusa. The viability of oospores from five seed lots that were proven to carry the pathogen from the above tests was tested using two independent methods, one involving plasmolysis and the other trypan blue staining. The oospores plasmolyzed in 4 M sodium chloride and were deplasmolyzed in water, demonstrating an active and viable cell membrane. Similarly, viable oospores failed to take up the trypan blue stain. Overall, 59% of the oospores were viable in the plasmolysis test and 45% with the trypan blue test. These results indicate the presence of P. effusa oospores in contemporary spinach seed lots, and suggest that the transmission of viable oospores of P. effusa in spinach seed does occur. Elimination of the pathogen on seed, in addition to other management approaches, will be useful in reducing the extent and severity of downy mildew on spinach crops and diminishing pathogen spread through seed. C1 [Kunjeti, Sridhara G.; Subbarao, Krishna V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Anchieta, Amy; Klosterman, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Koike, Steven T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA USA. RP Klosterman, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Steve.Klosterman@ars.usda.gov OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU California Leafy Green Research Program; California Department of Food and Agriculture [SCB14043] FX We thank R. Pena and L. Ochoa for their technical assistance and the California Leafy Green Research Program and the California Department of Food and Agriculture (grant SCB14043) for funding. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1094/PDIS-06-15-0672-RE PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200006 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM Gilbertson, RL McCreight, JD Natwick, ET AF Wintermantel, William M. Gilbertson, Robert L. McCreight, James D. Natwick, Eric T. TI Host-Specific Relationship Between Virus Titer and Whitefly Transmission of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HEMIPTERA ALEYRODIDAE BIOTYPES; LEAF-CRUMPLE-VIRUS; BEMISIA-TABACI; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; 1ST REPORT; Q INVASION; CALIFORNIA; CROPS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CRINIVIRUSES AB Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV; genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) was identified in the melon (Cucumis melo) production regions of the desert southwestern United States in fall 2006. It is now well established in the region, where it is transmitted efficiently by the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B (MEAM1). In order to evaluate the spread and establishment of the virus, nearly all spring and fall cucurbit fields planted in the Imperial Valley of California from 2007 to 2009 were surveyed and representative plants were tested for CYSDV infection. Incidence of CYSDV in spring melon fields was initially low and limited to a small number of fields in 2007 but increased to 63% of fields by spring 2009. Virus incidence in fall melon fields was 100% in each year. These results suggested that the virus had become established in native vegetation, weeds, and other crop species, and represented an increasing threat to melon production in the southwestern United States. Therefore, a select set of weed and crop species which grow or are cultivated in the Imperial Valley were evaluated as CYSDV reservoir hosts. For each species, we determined the capacity of CYSDV to accumulate, the relationship between virus titer in these source plants and transmission by whiteflies, as well as subsequent accumulation in inoculated cucurbit plants. Among these hosts, there was considerable variation in virus accumulation and transmission rates. Cucurbit hosts had the highest CYSDV titers, were efficient sources for virus acquisition, and showed a positive correlation between titer in source plants and transmission. Noncucurbit hosts had significantly lower CYSDV titers and varied in their capacity to serve as sources for transmission. CYSDV titers in some noncucurbit source plants, specifically common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), were not positively correlated with transmission, demonstrating that additional environmental, physical, or biochemical factors were involved. These results demonstrate that multiple factors influence the efficiency with which a host plant species will be a reservoir for vector transmission of virus to crops. C1 [Wintermantel, William M.; McCreight, James D.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Gilbertson, Robert L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Natwick, Eric T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens Imperial Cty, Holtville, CA 92250 USA. RP Wintermantel, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM bill.wintermantel@ars.usda.gov FU California Melon Research Board; Western IPM Center IPM Issues Grant Program [07-001492-UA4]; Western Regional IPM program [2008-03024/GRANT00383452] FX We thank A. Cortez and L. Hladky, USDA-ARS in Salinas, for conducting whitefly transmission experiments and RT-qPCR analysis of samples, respectively; R. Nelson and J. Dessert of the Imperial County, CA Agricultural Commissioner's Office for identifying the location of melon fields and for assistance in field surveys; and M. Lopez, E. Sambrano, and R. Lara of the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center in Holtville for assistance with field surveys. This work was supported, in part, by the California Melon Research Board, the Western IPM Center IPM Issues Grant Program (07-001492-UA4), and the Western Regional IPM program (2008-03024/GRANT00383452). NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-14-1119-RE PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200011 ER PT J AU Zhan, GM Wang, FP Wan, CP Han, QM Huang, LL Kang, ZS Chen, XM AF Zhan, Gangming Wang, Fuping Wan, Cuiping Han, Qingmei Huang, Lili Kang, Zhensheng Chen, Xianming TI Virulence and Molecular Diversity of the Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici Population in Xinjiang in Relation to Other Regions of Western China SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT STRIPE RUST; UNITED-STATES; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GENETIC DIVERSITY; F.SP TRITICI; PATHOGEN; EPIDEMICS; SEQUENCE; DISTANCE; SPREAD AB In recent years, wheat stripe rust caused severe yield losses in western China, especially the Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The population of the stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the vast region had not been well studied. To determine the population structure and compare it with the populations in the neighboring provinces or autonomous regions, P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, and Tibet in western China were characterized by virulence tests with 19 wheat genotypes that are used to differentiate races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in China and by genotyping tests with 15 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 56 races, including 39 previously known and 17 new races, were identified from 308 isolates obtained from the three epidemiological regions covering five provinces, of which 27 previously known and 8 unknown races were detected in Xinjiang, higher than the numbers in either of the other two regions. The races in Xinjiang consisted of those historically and recently predominant races in other regions of China. The P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population in Xinjiang had a higher genetic diversity than populations in other epidemiological regions. Molecular variation among subpopulations within Xinjiang was higher than in other regions. Both virulence and molecular data indicate that the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population in Xinjiang is related to but more diverse than those in other epidemiological regions. The results show that Xinjiang is an important stripe rust epidemiological region in China, and the information should be useful for control of the disease in the region as well as in other regions. C1 [Zhan, Gangming; Wang, Fuping; Wan, Cuiping; Han, Qingmei; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhan, Gangming; Wang, Fuping; Wan, Cuiping; Han, Qingmei; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Physiol Qual & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kang, ZS (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn; hanqm@nwsuaf.edu.cn FU National Key Basic Research Program of China [2013CB127700]; Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest [201303023]; earmarked fund for Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System [CARS-3-1-11]; Nature Science Foundation of China [31371882]; 111 Project from Ministry of Education of China [B07049] FX This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB127700), Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (number 201303023), the earmarked fund for Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System (number CARS-3-1-11), the Nature Science Foundation of China (31371882), and the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (number B07049). We thank L. D. Dunkle, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Purdue University, for reviewing the manuscript. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-14-1142-RE PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200012 ER PT J AU Wang, ZY Zhao, J Chen, XM Peng, YL Ji, JJ Zhao, SL Lv, YJ Huang, LL Kang, ZS AF Wang, Zhiyan Zhao, Jie Chen, Xianming Peng, Yuelin Ji, Jingjing Zhao, Shilei Lv, Yanjie Huang, Lili Kang, Zhensheng TI Virulence Variations of Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici Isolates Collected from Berberis spp. in China SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT STRIPE RUST; UNITED-STATES; YELLOW RUST; ALTERNATE HOST; F.SP TRITICI; PATHOGEN; RECOMBINATION; DIVERSITY; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici frequently causes significant yield losses in China, due to rapid development of new races that overcome resistance in wheat cultivars. Indirect evidence suggests that sexual reproduction occurs in the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population in China but direct evidence was still lacking. In this study, a large-scale survey of barberry (Berberis spp.) was conducted in Gansu, Shaanxi, Tibet, and Xinjiang provinces in western China. In total, 9,297 single-aecial (SA) samples were used to inoculate a susceptible wheat cultivar to identify samples of P. striifomis f. sp. tritici. Sixteen of the SA samples were identified as P. striifomis f. sp. tritici. When tested on the wheat differentials for identifying P. striifomis f. sp. tritici races, 15 of the 16 SA samples had different virulence patterns, indicating that they were sexually produced through barberry. From the 16 SA samples, 118 single-uredinium (SU) isolates were obtained, from which 88 virulence patterns were identified when tested on 17 Yr single-gene lines. The virulence patterns had relatively narrow virulence spectra, ranging from 0 to 9, with a mean of four virulences per SU isolates. Of the 17 Yr genes, no virulences were detected for Yr5, Yr10, and Yr15; virulences to YrTr1, Yr24, and Yr27 were extremely low (<3%); those to YrSP, Yr9, Yr28, and Yr2 were low (13.6 to 28.0%); those to Yr7, Yr17, Yr8, and YrExp2 were moderate (33.1 to 48.3%); and those to Yr6, Yr44, and Yr25 were high (52.5 to 72.9%). This study provides direct evidence that natural sexual reproduction occurs in the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population in China, but the frequency appears to be very low. The sexual reproduction on alternate host plants can generate a great virulence diversity, which may have contributed to the high variation in the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population in China. C1 [Wang, Zhiyan; Zhao, Jie; Ji, Jingjing; Zhao, Shilei; Lv, Yanjie; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wang, Zhiyan; Zhao, Jie; Ji, Jingjing; Zhao, Shilei; Lv, Yanjie; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet, Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Peng, Yuelin] Tibet Univ, Agr & Anim Husb Coll, Dept Plant Sci, Linzhi 86000, Tibet, Peoples R China. RP Kang, ZS (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM huanglili@nwsuaf.edu.cn; kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn FU National Key Basic Research Program of China [2013CB127700]; International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China [2011DFG32990]; earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System Project in China [CARS-3-1-11]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31271986]; 111 Project from Ministry of Education of China [B07049]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University FX This study was supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB127700), International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2011DFG32990), the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System Project in China (CARS-3-1-11), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271986), the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (B07049), and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-14-1296-RE PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200016 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Dally, EL Zhao, Y Thomson, SV Nischwitz, C AF Davis, R. E. Dally, E. L. Zhao, Y. Thomson, S. V. Nischwitz, C. TI Lilac (Syringa sp.) Hosts a New 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'-related Strain in Utah: Ribosomal RNA and secY Genes Distinguish the Phytoplasma from Previously Described Lineages SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID GROUP 16SRIII; X-DISEASE C1 [Davis, R. E.; Dally, E. L.; Zhao, Y.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Thomson, S. V.; Nischwitz, C.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 207 EP 207 DI 10.1094/PDIS-06-15-0679-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200029 ER PT J AU Urbonaite, IL Jomantiene, R Valiunas, D Davis, RE AF Urbonaite, Ivanauskas L. Jomantiene, R. Valiunas, D. Davis, R. E. TI First Report of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' Subgroup 16SrI-A Associated with a Disease of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Lithuania SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Urbonaite, Ivanauskas L.; Jomantiene, R.; Valiunas, D.] Nat Res Ctr, Phytovirus Lab, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Davis, R. E.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Urbonaite, IL (reprint author), Nat Res Ctr, Phytovirus Lab, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 207 EP 207 DI 10.1094/PDIS-05-15-0575-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200028 ER PT J AU Li, M Zhang, YY Wang, K Hou, YG Zhou, HY Jin, L Zhao, J Chen, WD AF Li, M. Zhang, Y. Y. Wang, K. Hou, Y. G. Zhou, H. Y. Jin, L. Zhao, J. Chen, W. D. TI First Report of Sunflower White Mold Caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger in Inner Mongolia region, China SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Li, M.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Wang, K.; Hou, Y. G.; Zhou, H. Y.; Jin, L.; Zhao, J.] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Hohhot, Peoples R China. [Chen, W. D.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Hohhot, Peoples R China. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 211 EP 211 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-15-0027-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200039 ER PT J AU Gebremariam, ES Dababat, AA Erginbas-Orakci, G Karakaya, A Poudyal, DS Paulitz, TC AF Gebremariam, E. Shikur Dababat, A. A. Erginbas-Orakci, G. Karakaya, A. Poudyal, D. S. Paulitz, T. C. TI First Report of Fusarium hostae Causing Crown Rot on Wheat (Triticum spp.) in Turkey SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID REDOLENS C1 [Gebremariam, E. Shikur; Karakaya, A.] Ankara Univ, Sch Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-06110 Ankara, Turkey. [Dababat, A. A.; Erginbas-Orakci, G.] CIMMYT Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Ankara, Turkey. [Poudyal, D. S.; Paulitz, T. C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gebremariam, ES (reprint author), Ankara Univ, Sch Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-06110 Ankara, Turkey. OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 216 EP 216 DI 10.1094/PDIS-06-15-0628-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200051 ER PT J AU Burns, KS Hanna, JW Klopfenstein, NB Kim, MS AF Burns, K. S. Hanna, J. W. Klopfenstein, N. B. Kim, M. -S. TI First Report of the Armillaria Root Disease Pathogen, Armillaria sinapina, on Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Colorado SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; INTERIOR; OSTOYAE C1 [Burns, K. S.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect Reg 2, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hanna, J. W.; Klopfenstein, N. B.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kim, M. -S.] Kookmin Univ, Dept Forestry Environm & Syst, Seoul 02707, South Korea. RP Burns, KS (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect Reg 2, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 217 EP 218 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-15-0837-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200055 ER PT J AU Rector, BG Wang, S Choi, YJ Thines, M AF Rector, B. G. Wang, S. Choi, Y. -J. Thines, M. TI First Report of Albugo lepidii Causing White Rust on Broadleaved Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) in Nevada and California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID CANDIDA C1 [Rector, B. G.] USDA ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Wang, S.] Nevada Dept Agr, Sparks, NV 89431 USA. [Choi, Y. -J.; Thines, M.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, Integrat Fungal Res Cluster IPF, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Choi, Y. -J.; Thines, M.] Senckenberg Gesell fiir Nat Forsch, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Rector, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 229 EP 230 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-15-0425-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200087 ER PT J AU Xiao, L Li, YY Lan, PX Tan, GL Ding, M Li, RH Li, F AF Xiao, L. Li, Y. Y. Lan, P. X. Tan, G. L. Ding, M. Li, R. H. Li, F. TI First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus Infecting Cowpea in China SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Xiao, L.; Li, Y. Y.; Lan, P. X.; Li, F.] Yunnan Agr Univ, Educ Minist, Key Lab Agr Biodivers Pest Management China, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. [Tan, G. L.] Yunnan Agr Univ, Modem Educ Technol Ctr, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. [Ding, M.] Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Biotechnol & Germplasm Resources, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. [Li, R. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Xiao, L (reprint author), Yunnan Agr Univ, Educ Minist, Key Lab Agr Biodivers Pest Management China, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 233 EP 233 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-15-0495-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DB2DJ UT WOS:000368318200097 ER PT J AU Simmons, BL Hallett, RA Sonti, NF Auyeung, DSN Lu, JWT AF Simmons, Brady L. Hallett, Richard A. Sonti, Nancy Falxa Auyeung, D. S. N. Lu, Jacqueline W. T. TI Long-term outcomes of forest restoration in an urban park SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy closure; foliar height diversity; invasive exotic species; New York City; urban forestry; vegetation structure ID LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DIVERSITY; BIRDS; ASSOCIATIONS; HONEYSUCKLE; UNDERSTORY; DISPERSAL; INVASION; REMOVAL AB Creating, restoring, and sustaining forests in urban areas are complicated by habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and degraded soils. Although there is some research on the outcomes of urban reforestation plantings during the first 5 years, there is little research on longer term outcomes. Here, we compare the successional trajectories of restored and unrestored forest sites 20 years after initiating restoration. The sites are located within the Rodman's Neck area of Pelham Bay Park, in the northeast corner of the Bronx in New York City (NYC), U.S.A. Compared with unrestored sites, we saw improvements in species diversity, greater forest structure complexity, and evidence of the regeneration and retention of native tree species in restored sites. In addition, we found differences in restoration outcomes depending on the level of intervention: clearing exotic shrubs and vines and planting native trees and shrubs improved tree diversity and canopy closure to a greater extent than clearing exotics alone, and the mechanical removal of invasive plants after the native plantings further improved some measures of restoration, such as tree species diversity and native tree regeneration. The results of this study suggest that the goal of a sustainable forest ecosystem dominated by native trees and other plant species may not be achievable without continued human intervention on site. In addition, these results indicate that the restoration approach adopted by NYC's reforestation practitioners is moving the site toward a more desirable vegetative community dominated by native species. C1 [Simmons, Brady L.; Auyeung, D. S. N.] NYC Dept Pk & Recreat, NYC Urban Field Stn, 431 Walter Reed Rd, Bayside, NY 11359 USA. [Hallett, Richard A.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sonti, Nancy Falxa] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Baltimore Field Stn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Lu, Jacqueline W. T.] NYC Dept Pk & Recreat, Innovat & Performance Management, 830 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Simmons, BL (reprint author), NYC Dept Pk & Recreat, NYC Urban Field Stn, 431 Walter Reed Rd, Bayside, NY 11359 USA. EM brady.simmons@parks.nyc.gov OI Auyeung, D. S. Novem/0000-0002-4038-3865 FU National Science Foundation; United States Forest Service [NSF-DEB 0948451] FX This project is part of the Urban Long-Term Research Area Exploratory Awards (ULTRA-Ex) program funded by the National Science Foundation and the United States Forest Service (NSF-DEB 0948451). We would like to thank T. Wenskus, I. Palmer, M. Thurman, B. Goldfarb, and S. Mock of the NYC Department of Parks & Recreation, M. Martin and F. Sullivan of the University of New Hampshire Complex Systems Research Center, and J. Stanovick of the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 24 IS 1 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1111/rec.12281 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB6QB UT WOS:000368638700014 ER PT J AU Dogramaci, M Gramig, GG Anderson, JV Chao, WS Foley, ME AF Dogramaci, Muenevver Gramig, Greta G. Anderson, James V. Chao, Wun S. Foley, Michael E. TI Field Application of Glyphosate Induces Molecular Changes Affecting Vegetative Growth Processes in Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cell cycle; field; gene expression; natural conditions; phytohormones; qRT-PCR; stunted and bushy phenotype; transcript abundance ID UNDERGROUND ADVENTITIOUS BUDS; CROWN BUDS; DORMANCY STATUS; CROSS-TALK; 3-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; AUXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; APICAL DOMINANCE; ARABIDOPSIS; INHIBITION AB Recommended rates of glyphosate for noncultivated areas destroy the aboveground shoots of the perennial plant leafy spurge. However, such applications cause little or no damage to underground adventitious buds (UABs), and thus the plant readily regenerates vegetatively. High concentrations of glyphosate, applied under controlled environmental conditions, have been shown to cause sublethal effects in UABs of leafy spurge that produce stunted and bushy phenotypes in subsequent generations of shoots. We treated leafy spurge plants in the field with glyphosate (0, 1.1, 3.4, or 6.7 kg ai ha(-1)) to determine its effects on vegetative growth from UABs and on molecular processes. The number of shoots derived from UABs of glyphosate-treated plants was significantly increased compared to controls in subsequent years after application, and new shoots displayed various phenotypical changes, such as stunted and bushy phenotypes. Quantifying the abundance of a selected set of transcripts in UABs of nontreated vs. treated plants (0 vs. 6.7 kg ha(-1)) indicated that glyphosate impacted molecular processes involved in biosynthesis or signaling of tryptophan or auxin (ARF4, CYP79B2, PIN3, TAA1, TRP6, YUC4), gibberellic acid (GA1/CPS1, GA2/KS), ethylene (ACO1, ACS10), cytokinins (AHP1, AK2, CKX1), and the cell cycle (CDC2A, CDC2B, CYCD3; 1). Glyphosate-induced effects on vegetative growth and transcript abundance were persistent for at least 2 yr after treatment. Determining the molecular mechanisms associated with vegetative reproduction in leafy spurge following foliar glyphosate-treatment could identify limiting factors or new targets for manipulation of plant growth and development in perennial weeds. C1 [Dogramaci, Muenevver; Anderson, James V.; Chao, Wun S.; Foley, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Sunflower & Plant Biol Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Gramig, Greta G.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Dogramaci, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Sunflower & Plant Biol Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM munevver.dogramaci@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2016 VL 64 IS 1 BP 87 EP 100 DI 10.1614/WS-D-15-00108.1 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA DB1IY UT WOS:000368263100011 ER PT J AU Lati, RN Mou, B Rachuy, JS Fennimore, SA AF Lati, Ran N. Mou, Beiquan Rachuy, John S. Fennimore, Steven A. TI Light Intensity Is a Main Factor Affecting Fresh Market Spinach Tolerance for Phenmedipham SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fresh spinach yield loses; light; phenmedipham; selectivity; temperature ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; SUGAR-BEET; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; WEED-CONTROL; DESMEDIPHAM; HERBICIDES; EFFICACY AB The few available herbicides for fresh market spinach do not provide adequate weed control, and there is need for additional herbicide tools. Phenmedipham is registered for use in processing spinach but not in fresh spinach, because of potential injury and the short interval between application and spinach harvest. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the tolerance level of fresh spinach varieties to phenmedipham and evaluate the impact of light intensity on tolerance of spinach to phenmedipham. In the greenhouse, nine spinach varieties were treated with phenmedipham (0.55 kg ai ha(-1)). Spinach varieties exhibited a wide range of tolerance, and dry weights of treated plants ranged from 40 to 78% compared to the nontreated control. Based on the phenmedipham tolerance screen, two varieties with low (Nordic) and high (Regal) tolerance to phenmedipham were treated, then exposed to half (shaded) and full (nonshaded) sunlight. Nonshaded Nordic treated with phenmedipham had 65% lower dry weight compared to similarly treated plants grown under shade, suggesting that spinach tolerance to phenmedipham was mainly affected by light intensity. Measurements of electron transfer intensity in photosystem II also showed tolerance to phenmedipham that varied among spinach varieties and light intensity. The maximum values of electron transfer in photosystem II of Regal treated with phenmedipham were higher than those of similarly treated Nordic. In the field, phenmedipham was applied under varied light and temperature conditions. The impact of light intensity on yield of treated spinach was greater than the impact of temperature. Phenmedipham applied under high light conditions was more injurious than when applied under low light conditions. Results from this study can contribute to successful integration of phenmedipham into currently used fresh spinach weed management, which in turn can allow more efficient production of this crop. C1 [Lati, Ran N.; Rachuy, John S.; Fennimore, Steven A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Mou, Beiquan] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lati, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1636 East Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM ranlati@ucdavis.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2016 VL 64 IS 1 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1614/WS-D-15-00056.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA DB1IY UT WOS:000368263100017 ER PT J AU Roberts, ES Boudreau, BA Brown, DW McQuade, KL Remsen, EE AF Roberts, Ethan S. Boudreau, Beth A. Brown, Daren W. McQuade, Kristi L. Remsen, Edward E. TI Analysis of carbohydrates in Fusarium verticillioides using size-exclusion HPLC - DRI and direct analysis in real time ionization - time-of-flight - mass spectrometry (DART-MS) SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; ION-SOURCE; MANNITOL; TREHALOSE; STRESS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; FUMONISINS AB Direct analysis in real time ionization - time-of-flight - mass spectrometry (DART-MS) and size-exclusion HPLC - DRI are used, respectively, to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the carbohydrates extracted from the corn rot fungus Fusarium verticillioides. In situ permethylation in the DART beam forms trimethylammonium adducts of the carbohydrates, which enables positive ion MS detection and analysis of these compounds in either whole fungal extracts or size-exclusion separated HPLC fractions of the extracts. This method detects the disaccharide trehalose at concentrations greater than 3.0 ppm. Additionally, this procedure allows for analysis of glucose as well as the sugar alcohols mannitol, arabitol, and glycerol. The reliability of the DART-MS method is confirmed by the absence of trehalose in a mutant strain of F. verticillioides lacking the gene for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase. The capabilities demonstrated here suggest that the DART-MS method, in conjunction with size-exclusion HPLC, is an effective approach for the analysis of saccharide biomarkers in fungi. C1 [Roberts, Ethan S.; Boudreau, Beth A.; McQuade, Kristi L.; Remsen, Edward E.] Bradley Univ, Mund Lagowski Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. [Brown, Daren W.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Remsen, EE (reprint author), Bradley Univ, Mund Lagowski Dept Chem & Biochem, 1501 West Bradley Ave, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. EM eremsen@bradley.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 BP 673 EP 681 DI 10.1039/c5ay01666e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA DA7LJ UT WOS:000367985300027 ER PT J AU Wei, W Davis, WWRE Davis, RE Lee, IM Zhao, Y AF Wei, W. Wu, W. Davis, R. E. Lee, I. -M. Zhao, Y. TI Development of molecular markers and a diagnostic tool for investigation of coinfections by and interactions between potato purple top and potato witches'-broom phytoplasmas in tomato SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diagnosis; disease management; mixed infections; molecular marker; phytoplasma ID TRANSMITTED VIRESCENCE AGENT; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BEET LEAFHOPPER; PLANT-VIRUSES; INFECTION; CICADELLIDAE; RELATEDNESS; BEGOMOVIRUS; COLUMBIA; DISEASE AB Columbia Basin potato purple top (PPT) phytoplasma and Alaska potato witches'-broom (PWB) phytoplasma are two closely related but mutually distinct pathogenic bacteria that infect potato and other vegetable crops. Inhabiting phloem sieve elements and being transmitted by phloem-feeding insect vectors, both pathogens are affiliated with 'Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii' and are members of the clover proliferation phytoplasma group (16SrVI). The polyphagous nature and wide geographic distribution of their insect vectors make mixed infection inevitable. In this study, we experimentally constituted a simultaneous PPT and PWB phytoplasma infection in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and developed a sensitive diagnostic tool to investigate mixed infections by and in planta interactions of the two phytoplasmas. The distribution and relative abundance of the two co-infecting phytoplasmas were monitored over a 45-day post-infection time course and for three serial passages in planta. Our results revealed that dual infections of the two phytoplasmas induce a new symptom unseen in infection by either phytoplasma alone. Our results also raised an interesting question as to whether the two phytoplasmas differ in ability of competitive dominance under co-infection conditions. The molecular markers and the diagnostic tool devised in this study should be useful for further investigations of the interactions between the two closely related phytoplasmas in their hosts. C1 [Wei, W.; Wu, W.; Davis, R. E.; Lee, I. -M.; Zhao, Y.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-4746 EI 1744-7348 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 168 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1111/aab.12248 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA DA8QT UT WOS:000368071600012 ER PT J AU Pekin, BK Wisdom, MJ Parks, CG Endress, BA Naylor, BJ AF Pekin, Burak K. Wisdom, Michael J. Parks, Catherine G. Endress, Bryan A. Naylor, Bridgett J. TI Response of native versus exotic plant guilds to cattle and elk herbivory in forested rangeland SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Conditioned Correspondence Analysis; Conifer Forest Management; Grazing; Non-Native Species; Prescribed Burning; Stand Thinning; Ungulates ID UNGULATE HERBIVORY; MANAGEMENT; DEER; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLANDS; INVASIONS; MOUNTAINS; DIVERSITY; OREGON AB Questions: Are exotic plant species favoured by non-native ungulate herbivores and disadvantaged by native herbivores in forested rangelands? Do the impacts of ungulates on exotic vs native plants depend on forest management activities such as prescribed fire and stand thinning? Location: Northeastern Oregon, USA. Methods: We recorded changes in richness and cover of different exotic and native plant life forms in experimental plots that were grazed only by cattle (a non-native herbivore), only by elk (a native herbivore) or not grazed by any ungulate over a 7-yr period at both managed (recently burned and thinned) and unmanaged (where no fire and thinning has occurred in >40 yr) forest stands. Results: There was a general decrease in exotic plant species richness and cover across all treatments. However, the decrease in exotic richness, particularly of exotic annual forbs, was slightly lower in plots grazed by elk than in ungrazed plots at managed stands. Managed stands also displayed a larger increase in native annual forb richness and exotic graminoid richness, and a larger decrease in native perennial graminoid cover with cattle grazing than elk grazing. At unmanaged stands, cover of woody native plants such as shrubs, sub-shrubs and trees as well as native perennial forbs decreased or remained relatively constant with elk grazing while increasing strongly at plots that were ungrazed or grazed by cattle. Conclusions: Cattle and elk have variable effects on different plant guilds at managed vs unmanaged forest stands. Overall, cattle grazing tends to have a larger impact on herbaceous plant guilds at managed stands, while elk grazing tends to have a larger impact on woody plant guilds at unmanaged stands. However, in contrast to findings from other ecosystems, grazing only has a minor impact on exotic plant dynamics in our study area, and cattle grazing does not favour exotic plants any more than grazing by elk or ungulate exclusion. C1 [Pekin, Burak K.] Inst Conservat Res, San Diego Zoo Global, Div Appl Plant Ecol, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Wisdom, Michael J.; Parks, Catherine G.; Naylor, Bridgett J.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Endress, Bryan A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim & Rangeland Sci, Eastern Oregon Agr & Nat Resource Program, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Pekin, BK (reprint author), Inst Conservat Res, San Diego Zoo Global, Div Appl Plant Ecol, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. EM bpekin@sandiegozoo.org; mwisdom@fs.fed.us; cparks@fs.fed.us; bryan.endress@oregonstate.edu; bnaylor@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University; San Diego Zoo's Institute for Conservation Research FX We thank Abe Clark, John Cook, Rachel Cook, Tim Del-Curto, Brian Dick, Ryan Kennedy, Dennis Rea and Martin Vavra for implementing the cattle and elk treatments. We also thank Kent Coe and summer technicians for their data collection efforts. Jen Hafer provided key support for data management. Research was funded by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and San Diego Zoo's Institute for Conservation Research. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1402-2001 EI 1654-109X J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 19 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1111/avsc.12194 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DA8RU UT WOS:000368074600006 ER PT J AU Borovsky, D Sterner, A Powell, CA AF Borovsky, Dov Sterner, Andeas Powell, Charles A. TI CLONING AND EXPRESSING TRYPSIN MODULATING OOSTATIC FACTOR IN Chlorella desiccata TO CONTROL MOSQUITO LARVAE SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Chlorella desiccata; genetic engineering; trypsin modulating oostatic factor ID DOMINANT SELECTABLE MARKER; NITRATE REDUCTASE GENE; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; NUCLEAR TRANSFORMATION; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; ALGA; HORMONE; CELLS AB The insect peptide hormone trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF), a decapeptide that is synthesized by the mosquito ovary and controls the translation of the gut's trypsin mRNA was cloned and expressed in the marine alga Chlorella desiccata. To express Aedes aegypti TMOF gene (tmfA) in C. desiccata cells, two plasmids (pYES2/TMOF and pYDB4-tmfA) were engineered with pKYLX71 DNA (5 Kb) carrying the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) promoter 35S(2) and the kanamycin resistant gene (neo), as well as, a 8 Kb nitrate reductase gene (nit) from Chlorella vulgaris. Transforming C. desiccata with pYES2/TMOF and pYDB4-tmfA show that the engineered algal cells express TMOF (20 +/- 4 g +/- SEM and 17 +/- 3 g +/- SEM, respectively in 3 x 10(8) cells) and feeding the cells to mosquito larvae kill 75 and 60% of Ae. aegypti larvae in 4 days, respectively. Southern and Northern blots analyses show that tmfA integrated into the genome of C. desiccata by homologous recombination using the yeast 2 circle of replication and the nit in pYES2/TMOF and pYDB4-tmfA, respectively, and the transformed algal cells express tmfA transcript. Using these algal cells it will be possible in the future to control mosquito larvae in the marsh. C1 [Borovsky, Dov] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Sterner, Andeas] Bayer CropSci AG, Monheim, Germany. [Powell, Charles A.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Borovsky, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Lab, 2001 Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM dovborovsky@gmail.com FU USA-Israel BSF; NIH STTR; Bayer CropScience AG; Insect Biotechnology, Inc.; Florida Mosquito Control Association; Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX Grant sponsor: USA-Israel BSF, NIH STTR, Bayer CropScience AG, Insect Biotechnology, Inc., and Florida Mosquito Control Association (to D.B.); grant sponsor: Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0739-4462 EI 1520-6327 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 91 IS 1 BP 17 EP 36 DI 10.1002/arch.21306 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA DB2KN UT WOS:000368337200002 PM 26440910 ER PT J AU Madeira, PT Facey, J Pratt, PD Maul, DP Wheeler, G AF Madeira, Paul T. Facey, Jordan Pratt, Paul D. Maul, Dora P. Wheeler, Gregory TI Are three colonies of Neostromboceros albicomus, a candidate biological control agent for Lygodium microphyllum, the same host biotype? SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological control; host range testing; invasive exotic; lygodiaceae; tenthredinidae ID WORLD CLIMBING FERN; 28S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SPECIES DELIMITATION; FLORIDA; HYMENOPTERA; PHYLOGENY; AUSTRALIA; D2 AB Three colonies of Neostromboceros albicomus, a candidate biological control agent of Lygodium microphyllum, were barcoded using the D2 expansion domain, to determine which of two biotypes they represented. The first colony, collected in 2005 and 2007, was used for the initial host range testing. Colonies collected in 2012 and 2014 are currently being used to finalise this testing. All three colonies were collected in Trat Province, Thailand and all three populations show identical sequences to the N. albicomus biotype which prefers L. microphyllum as its host plant. The N. albicomus biotype that uses L. flexuosum as its host plant differs by a single nucleotide, a difference which may reflect cryptic speciation. C1 [Madeira, Paul T.; Wheeler, Gregory] USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 93621 USA. [Facey, Jordan; Maul, Dora P.] St Thomas Univ, Sch Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Pratt, Paul D.] USDA, ARS, WRRC Exot & Invas Weeds Res, Albany, CA USA. RP Madeira, PT (reprint author), USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 93621 USA. FU St. Thomas University; USDA-HSI; US Department of Education-STEM TRAC grant [P03C110190]; MDC School of Science-STU School of Science, Technology and Engineering Management; Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission; South Florida Water Management District; USDA ARS FX We are indebted to Jeff Makinson (CSIRO) and Elizabeth Mattison (USDA) for their assistance in collecting and rearing the sawflies. The authors thank the support of St. Thomas University and the USDA-HSI funded grant consortium FCCAgE, its staff, and the USDA agency directors and supervisors. Partial funding for this project was also provided by the US Department of Education-STEM TRAC grant (P03C110190), MDC School of Science-STU School of Science, Technology and Engineering Management. Further financial support was provided by Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, South Florida Water Management District and USDA ARS. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 EI 1360-0478 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2016 VL 26 IS 3 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.1080/09583157.2015.1123676 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA DA8UY UT WOS:000368083100016 ER PT J AU Kidner, C Groover, A Thomas, DC Emelianova, K Soliz-Gamboa, C Lens, F AF Kidner, Catherine Groover, Andrew Thomas, Daniel C. Emelianova, Katie Soliz-Gamboa, Claudia Lens, Frederic TI First steps in studying the origins of secondary woodiness in Begonia (Begoniaceae): combining anatomy, phylogenetics, and stem transcriptomics SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE molecular wood pathway; wood anatomy ID RNA-SEQ DATA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INSULAR WOODINESS; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; WOOD ANATOMY; SEQUENCE; ALIGNMENT; TREES; DNA AB Since Darwin's observation that secondary woodiness is common on islands, the evolution of woody plants from herbaceous ancestors has been documented in numerous angiosperm groups. However, the evolutionary processes that give rise to this phenomenon are poorly understood. To begin addressing this we have used a range of approaches to study the anatomical and genetic changes associated with the evolution and development of secondary woodiness in a tractable group. Begonia is a large, mainly herbaceous, pantropical genus that shows multiple shifts towards secondarily woody species inhabiting mainly tropical montane areas throughout the world. Molecular phylogenies, including only a sample of the woody species in Begonia, indicated at least eight instances of a herbaceous-woody transition within the genus. Wood anatomical observations of the five woody species studied revealed protracted juvenilism that further support the secondary derived origin of wood within Begonia. To identify potential genes involved in shifts towards secondary woodiness, stem transcriptomes of wood development in B. burbidgei were analysed and compared with available transcriptome datasets for the non-woody B. venustra, B. conchifolia, and Arabidopsis, and with transcriptome datasets for wood development in Populus. Results identified a number of potential regulatory genes as well as variation in expression of key biosynthetic enzymes. (C) 2015 The Authors. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Linnean Society of London, C1 [Kidner, Catherine; Emelianova, Katie] Royal Bot Gardens, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Kidner, Catherine; Emelianova, Katie] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Mol Plant Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Groover, Andrew] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA USA. [Groover, Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA USA. [Thomas, Daniel C.; Soliz-Gamboa, Claudia; Lens, Frederic] Leiden Univ, Nat Biodivers Ctr, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Thomas, Daniel C.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Thomas, Daniel C.] Singapore Bot Gardens, Res & Conservat Branch, Singapore, Singapore. RP Lens, F (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Nat Biodivers Ctr, POB 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM frederic.lens@naturalis.nl RI Lens, Frederic/B-8482-2011; OI Lens, Frederic/0000-0002-5001-0149; Thomas, Daniel Caspar/0000-0002-1307-6042 FU Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Sabah Parks; Alberta Mennega Foundation FX The authors thank Naturalis Biodiversity Center and Sabah Parks for organising and financially supporting the Mount Kinabalu & Crocker Range expedition. We also thank Rimi Repin, Mark Tebbitt and Marc Sosef for their valuable discussions, and Ruth Kiew for identifying the collections from Kinabalu and Crocker Range. Marcelo Pace is acknowledged for collecting the wood sample of Begonia fruticosa, and Sukaibin Sumail for sending leaf material of B. vaccinioides. Frederic Lens received support from the Alberta Mennega Foundation. We would like to acknowledge the very useful discussions and presentations at the April 2014 Linnean Society meeting 'Collection-based research in the genomic era', which greatly aided our analysis of this data. NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 EI 1095-8312 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 117 IS 1 SI SI BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1111/bij.12492 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA DB0GN UT WOS:000368186700010 ER PT J AU Jiang, XY Denef, K Stewart, CE Cotrufo, MF AF Jiang, Xinyu Denef, Karolien Stewart, Catherine E. Cotrufo, M. Francesca TI Controls and dynamics of biochar decomposition and soil microbial abundance, composition, and carbon use efficiency during long-term biochar-amended soil incubations SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Biochar decomposition; Microbial composition; Carbon use efficiency; Long-term incubation ID PYROGENIC ORGANIC-MATTER; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; BLACK CARBON; TEMPERATE SOILS; PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; LOAM SOIL; BACTERIAL; NITROGEN; BIOMASS AB The process-level understanding of biochar-C decomposition and microbial utilization in soils is poorly understood as well as how these dynamics vary across different addition rates and soil types. We present results from a 30-month laboratory incubation, where oak-derived biochar was added at 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 % rate by weight to four soils varying in soil properties. We determined biochar-C loss using natural abundance C-13 isotope coupled to measurements of CO2 efflux. We measured microbial abundance, composition, and C use efficiency (CUE) using phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers and C-13 labeled glucose, respectively. After 30 months, the amount of the remaining biochar-C was insignificantly different between different biochar addition rates, suggesting that biochar-C loss is proportional to biochar addition rates. In soils with higher C contents (i.e., > 1.5 %), biochar decomposition rates appeared to slow down after initial fast decomposition; while biochar decomposition rates followed one-pool model for soils with lower C. Soil microbial composition significantly changed at 10 or 20 % addition rate after 30 months, which was correlated with the increase in soil C/N. The highest CUE was found at 1 or 5 %, depending on soil types. C1 [Jiang, Xinyu] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Bot Garden, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Xinyu; Denef, Karolien; Stewart, Catherine E.; Cotrufo, M. Francesca] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jiang, Xinyu] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Environm Pollut Control &, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Denef, Karolien] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Cent Instrument Facil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stewart, Catherine E.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Cotrufo, M. Francesca] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Jiang, XY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Bot Garden, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM jiangxyu@scib.ac.cn RI Cotrufo, M. Francesca/C-1614-2013; OI Cotrufo, M. Francesca/0000-0002-6191-8953; Stewart, Catherine/0000-0003-1216-0450 FU 100 Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) [Y421081001]; Colorado Department of Agriculture, Natural science foundation of Guangdong province [2014A030310161]; South China Botanical Garden [201408]; Cotrufo-Hoppess fund for soil ecology research; Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) [201206380021] FX This work has been funded by the 100 Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Y421081001); Colorado Department of Agriculture, Natural science foundation of Guangdong province (2014A030310161); Director fund of South China Botanical Garden (201408); Cotrufo-Hoppess fund for soil ecology research; and the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) funding (201206380021). This work is part of the USDA-ARS GRACENet project. Analyses were conducted at the EcoCore analytical facility. NR 94 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 17 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 EI 1432-0789 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s00374-015-1047-7 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA DB0FR UT WOS:000368184500001 ER PT J AU Broadhurst, LM Jones, TA Smith, FS North, T Guja, L AF Broadhurst, Linda M. Jones, Thomas A. Smith, Forrest S. North, Tom Guja, Lydia TI Maximizing Seed Resources for Restoration in an Uncertain Future SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE land degradation; restoration; climate change; seed production ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; COMMON GARDEN; DORMANCY; FOREST; REVEGETATION; CONSERVATION; GERMINATION; EMERGENCE AB Seed is fundamental to broadscale plant restoration when the goal is to re-establish species and ecosystems. But climate change is expected to significantly influence plant reproduction, affecting seed availability and viability as well as planting opportunities. Meeting growing restoration targets within these constraints in new and unfamiliar climates will be challenging. Consequently, we need to develop a range of flexible strategies to ensure that sufficient volumes of viable seed are available to take advantage of planting opportunities under novel environmental scenarios. This requires coordinated leadership to align funding and planting timelines, using seed production areas to improve seed supply, building and maintaining infrastructure to stockpile seed, encouraging research to overcome storage and germination constraints, and developing and implementing new technologies in all of these areas. Increased tolerance to risk and failure will also be required as the application of current restoration practices may not be appropriate as the climate changes. C1 [Broadhurst, Linda M.; North, Tom; Guja, Lydia] CSIRO Natl Res Collect Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Broadhurst, Linda M.; North, Tom; Guja, Lydia] Ctr Australian Natl Biodivers Res, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [North, Tom; Guja, Lydia] Australian Natl Bot Gardens, Dept Environm, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Jones, Thomas A.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. [Smith, Forrest S.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, South Texas Natives Project, Kingsville, TX USA. [Smith, Forrest S.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Texas Native Seeds Project, Kingsville, TX USA. RP Broadhurst, LM (reprint author), CSIRO Natl Res Collect Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM linda.broadhurst@csiro.au NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2016 VL 66 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1093/biosci/biv155 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DB2CM UT WOS:000368315900010 ER PT J AU Kothari, N Campbell, BT Dever, JK Hinze, LL AF Kothari, Neha Campbell, B. Todd Dever, Jane K. Hinze, Lori L. TI Combining Ability and Performance of Cotton Germplasm with Diverse Seed Oil Content SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; UPLAND COTTON; FIBER TRAITS; YIELD; QUALITY; LINE; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production has traditionally been guided by fiber yield and quality, but recent interest has focused on using cottonseed as a food; therefore, cottonseed oil content is an important trait to understand. A line-by-tester analysis was used to determine combining abilities by crossing four lines (PD 7723, PD 94042, PD 3246, and PD 5377) and four testers (TX 21, TX 101, TX 182, and TX 244) with varying seed oil content selected from accessions in the US National Cotton Germplasm Collection. Seed oil content was found to be a heritable trait (H-2 = 0.52). The analysis showed that a large part of the phenotypic variation in oil content was associated with general combining ability, although significant specific combining ability occurred in several crosses. Overall, TX 182 and TX 101 had higher combining abilities, while PD 94042 had the lowest combining ability for oil content. Among hybrids, PD 3246. TX 101, PD 7723. TX 101, and PD 5377. TX 182 had the highest combining abilities. All traits tested in these environments showed highly significant genotype. environment effects. The highest mean oil was observed in Florence, SC, during 2010 (TX 182, 28.28%). This study suggests that there is sufficient additive variance available for plant breeders to improve seed oil content. In addition, correlation analyses indicated that oil content can be increased at the same time as seed index, boll weight, and fiber traits including elongation, uniformity, upper half mean length (UHML), and strength. C1 [Kothari, Neha; Dever, Jane K.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Campbell, B. Todd] USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Hinze, Lori L.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hinze, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM lori.hinze@ars.usda.gov RI Kothari, Neha/K-8184-2016; OI Kothari, Neha/0000-0001-6184-1784; Hinze, Lori L/0000-0003-3356-1245 FU CRIS of USDA [6202-21000-031-00D] FX This research project was supported by funding from CRIS No. 6202-21000-031-00D of the USDA. The authors gratefully acknowledge members of the USDA-ARS and Texas AgriLife Research cotton genetics and breeding projects for their valuable technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.03.0166 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100003 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Bethke, PC Bussan, AJ Glynn, MT Holm, DG Navarro, FM Novy, RG Palta, JP Pavek, MJ Porter, GA Sathuvalli, VR Thompson, AL Voglewede, PJ Whitworth, JL Parish, DI Endelman, JB AF Wang, Yi Bethke, Paul C. Bussan, Alvin J. Glynn, Martin T. Holm, David G. Navarro, Felix M. Novy, Richard G. Palta, Jiwan P. Pavek, Mark J. Porter, Gregory A. Sathuvalli, Vidyasagar R. Thompson, Asunta L. Voglewede, Paul J. Whitworth, Jonathan L. Parish, David I. Endelman, Jeffrey B. TI Acrylamide-Forming Potential and Agronomic Properties of Elite US Potato Germplasm from the National Fry Processing Trial SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; FRESH-MARKET; FRENCH FRIES; LONG RUSSET; YIELD; ASPARAGINE; STRATEGIES; CULTIVARS; PRODUCTS; VARIETY AB Processed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) products, such as chips and French fries, contribute to the dietary intake of acrylamide, a suspected human carcinogen. One of the most promising approaches for reducing its consumption is to develop and commercialize new potato varieties with low acrylamide-forming potential. To facilitate this effort, a National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT) was conducted from 2011 to 2013 in five states. More than 140 advanced breeding lines were evaluated for tuber agronomic traits and biochemical properties from harvest through 8 mo of storage. Thirty-eight and 29 entries had significantly less acrylamide in French fries than standard varieties Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, with reductions in excess of 50%, after one and 8 mo of storage, respectively. As in previous studies, the glucose content of raw tubers was predictive of acrylamide in finished French fries (R-2 = 0.64-0.77). Despite its role in acrylamide formation, tuber free asparagine was not significant, potentially because it showed relatively little variation in the NFPT population. Even when glucose was included in the model as a covariate, genotype was highly significant (p = 0.001) for predicting acrylamide, indicating there may be yet-unidentified genetic loci to target in breeding. The NFPT has demonstrated that there exist many elite US breeding lines with low acrylamide-forming potential. Our ongoing challenge is to combine this trait with complex quality attributes required by the fry processing industry. C1 [Wang, Yi] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Bethke, Paul C.; Bussan, Alvin J.; Palta, Jiwan P.; Endelman, Jeffrey B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bethke, Paul C.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Glynn, Martin T.] USDA ARS, Potato Res Worksite, East Grand Forks, MN 56721 USA. [Holm, David G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ctr, CO 81125 USA. [Navarro, Felix M.] Univ Wisconsin, Hancock Agr Res Stn, Hancock, WI 54943 USA. [Novy, Richard G.; Whitworth, Jonathan L.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Pavek, Mark J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Porter, Gregory A.] Univ Maine, Sch Food & Agr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Sathuvalli, Vidyasagar R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [Thompson, Asunta L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Voglewede, Paul J.; Parish, David I.] AIS Consulting LLC, Allen, TX 75013 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM yiw@uidaho.edu; endelman@wisc.edu FU US Potato Board; Cavendish Foods; ConAgra Lamb-Weston; J.R. Simplot; McCain Foods; National Institute of Food and Agriculture USDA Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2011-51181-30629]; local potato grower associations FX Financial support for this research was provided by the US Potato Board, local potato grower associations, Cavendish Foods, ConAgra Lamb-Weston, J.R. Simplot, McCain Foods, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture USDA Specialty Crop Research Initiative (Grant #2011-51181-30629). The authors thank the many individuals who assisted with management of the field trials. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.03.0173 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100004 ER PT J AU Chao, SM Elias, E Benscher, D Ishikawa, G Huang, YF Saito, M Nakamura, T Xu, S Faris, J Sorrells, M AF Chao, Shiaoman Elias, Elias Benscher, David Ishikawa, Goro Huang, Yung-Fen Saito, Mika Nakamura, Toshiki Xu, Steven Faris, Justin Sorrells, Mark TI Genetic Mapping of Major-Effect Seed Dormancy Quantitative Trait Loci on Chromosome 2B using Recombinant Substitution Lines in Tetraploid Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PREHARVEST SPROUTING RESISTANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; WILD EMMER WHEAT; WHITE WINTER-WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; LINKAGE MAP; GRAIN DORMANCY; SPRING WHEAT; TURGIDUM L.; SEGREGATION DISTORTION AB Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) cultivars can benefit from having some level of seed dormancy to help reduce seed damage and lower grain quality caused by preharvest sprouting (PHS) occurring during wet harvesting conditions. Previously, a single chromosome substitution line carrying chromosome 2B of wild emmer [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. dicoccoides (Korn. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell.] in the durum cultivar Langdon background was found to have higher levels of seed dormancy and PHS tolerance. In this study, a population of recombinant substitution lines was developed and used to construct a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based high-density genetic linkage map. Seed germination tests were used to evaluate seed dormancy levels. Multiple interval mapping analysis revealed four quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions affecting seed dormancy. Two regions containing major-effect QTL contributed by wild emmer were consistently expressed in four environments and explained 5.89 to 11.14% of the phenotypic variation. One QTL region was located near the centromere and the other on the long arm of chromosome 2B in Bayes credible intervals of 4 and 7 cM, respectively. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) carrying both QTL had an average of 35% reduced rate of germination measured by weighted germination index compared with RILs carrying neither QTL. The two QTL regions identified in this study should be useful for improving PHS tolerance in wheat. Efforts to transfer the two QTL into elite durum cultivars are in progress to examine the effects of genetic background and environment on QTL expression and to evaluate the performance of other agronomic traits in the presence of the QTL. C1 [Chao, Shiaoman; Xu, Steven; Faris, Justin] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Elias, Elias] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Benscher, David; Sorrells, Mark] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ishikawa, Goro; Saito, Mika; Nakamura, Toshiki] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Tohoku Agr Res Ctr, Morioka, Iwate 0200198, Japan. [Huang, Yung-Fen] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Chao, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM shiaoman.chao@ars.usda.gov OI HUANG, YUNG-FEN/0000-0001-7854-2764 FU USDA CRIS Project [3060-520-037-00D]; Hatch project [149-430]; USDA-NIFA-AFRI grants [2009-65300-05661] FX The authors thank Stan Stancyk for field assistance at Prosper, ND, and Dawn Feltus and Mary Osenga for technical assistance. This research was supported by USDA CRIS Project No. 3060-520-037-00D. We also acknowledge support from Hatch project 149-430 and from USDA-NIFA-AFRI grants, award numbers 2009-65300-05661. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 59 EP 72 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.05.0315 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100007 ER PT J AU Horne, DW Eller, MS Holland, JB AF Horne, David W. Eller, Magen S. Holland, James B. TI Responses to Recurrent Index Selection for Reduced Fusarium Ear Rot and Lodging and for Increased Yield in Maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION RESISTANCE; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; POPULATIONS; VERTICILLIOIDES; ACCUMULATION AB Fusarium ear rot, caused by the pathogen Fusarium verticillioides, damages maize (Zea mays L.) grain production and is associated with contamination of grain by fumonisin, a mycotoxin harmful to both humans and animals. Recurrent selection may be an effective way to combine improvements in resistance to Fusarium ear rot with improved grain yield and lodging resistance. To test this hypothesis, three cycles of recurrent index selection based on evaluating S-0:1 lines for Fusarium ear rot, grain yield, and lodging were implemented in a genetically broad-based population. Direct intrapopulation response to selection in the target traits was measured by comparing lines sampled from Cycle 0 and Cycle 3 populations. In addition, indirect response for fumonisin contamination was also measured along with indirect response for agronomic traits when crossed to commercial inbred tester, FR1064. Results indicate significant direct gain from selection for Fusarium ear rot, but no significant gains for yield or lodging resistance. Indirect gains were also observed for Fusarium ear rot resistance in topcrosses to an unrelated tester line and for fumonisin contamination both within the selection population and in topcrosses. Our results are the first demonstration of the indirect effect of selection against Fusarium ear rot on reduction of fumonisin contamination. Heritabilities for target traits did not decrease over generations, indicating potential for further genetic gain from selection in this population. C1 [Horne, David W.; Eller, Magen S.; Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Holland, James B.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_holland@ncsu.edu FU USDA-ARS; National Science Foundation [IOS-1238014] FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS and National Science Foundation grant IOS-1238014. We thank Jason Brewer for technical assistance with this project. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.06.0333 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100009 ER PT J AU Hayes, CM Weers, BD Thakran, M Burow, G Xin, ZG Emendack, Y Burke, JJ Rooney, WL Mullet, JE AF Hayes, Chad M. Weers, Brock D. Thakran, Manish Burow, Gloria Xin, Zhanguo Emendack, Yves Burke, John J. Rooney, William L. Mullet, John E. TI Discovery of a Dhurrin QTL in Sorghum: Co-localization of Dhurrin Biosynthesis and a Novel Stay-green QTL SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RECOMBINANT INBRED POPULATIONS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; CYANOGENIC GLUCOSIDES; LEAF SENESCENCE; IMPROVE YIELD; GENOME; ENVIRONMENTS AB Dhurrin [(S)-p-hydroxymandelonitrile-beta-D-gluco-pyranoside] is a cyanogenic glucoside produced by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and is generally considered a natural defense compound capable of producing the toxin hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to deter animal herbivory. Recently, high levels of leaf dhurrin have been found in grain sorghum genotypes that also exhibit stay-green during postanthesis water deficit. Post-flowering drought tolerance (stay-green) in sorghum is an economically important trait in sorghum production regions where drought stress postanthesis is common. Stay-green is associated with reduced lodging, charcoal rot resistance, increased grain fill, and increased grain yield. The genetic control of stay-green is complex, with multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) being identified in affecting expression of stay-grain. Here we report the discovery of a dhurrin QTL (Dhu1) on SBI01 using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population derived from BTx642/Tx7000. Leaf dhurrin was highly heritable and Dhu1 explained a large percentage of the variation of leaf dhurrin in the population. Dhu1 is aligned with genes involved in dhurrin biosynthesis (CYP79A1, CYP71E1, UGT85B1). Protein sequence variants found in CYP71E1 and UGT85B1 could be the cause of the observed differences in leaf dhurrin levels in BTx642, Tx7000, and other sorghum lines that vary in leaf dhurrin content. Dhu1 is also aligned with a previously un-identified stay-green QTL (Stg5) on SBI01, consistent with prior studies showing an association between high leaf dhurrin levels, this region of SBI01, and expression of the stay-green trait. C1 [Hayes, Chad M.; Burow, Gloria; Xin, Zhanguo; Emendack, Yves; Burke, John J.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Weers, Brock D.; Thakran, Manish; Mullet, John E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rooney, William L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mullet, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jmullet@tamu.edu FU U.S. Sorghum Checkoff Program; Dupont Pioneer; Ceres Inc. FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Jacobo Sanchez for assistance in HPLC analysis of dhurrin. We are grateful to Mr. Delroy Collins, Mr. Matthew Nesbitt, and student aides and field assistants for their dedicated support to this project. The authors acknowledge the support of the U.S. Sorghum Checkoff Program and funding to JEM and WLR from Dupont Pioneer and Ceres Inc. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 25 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.06.0379 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100011 ER PT J AU Yerka, MK Toy, JJ Funnell-Harris, DL Sattler, SE Pedersen, JF AF Yerka, M. K. Toy, J. J. Funnell-Harris, D. L. Sattler, S. E. Pedersen, J. F. TI Evaluation of Interallelic waxy, Heterowaxy, and Wild-Type Grain Sorghum Hybrids SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; STARCH GRANULES; AMYLOSE CONTENT; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY; ENDOSPERM; FUNCTIONALITY; REGISTRATION; ARCHITECTURE AB Four near-isogenic Wheatland x Tx430 grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrids differing in allelic status at the Waxy locus were grown in yield trials to determine their potential to expand existing sources of low-amylose starch. The hypothesis tested was that agronomic performance and grain yield do not differ among hybrid genotypes. Hybrids were generated in a two-by-two factorial design using wx(b) and wild-type (WT) Wheatland as female parents with wx(a) and WT Tx430 as male parents. Yield trials were conducted at two Nebraska locations in 2009 and 2010. No differences were observed for field emergence, but grain yield of the interallelic waxy (wx(b). wx(a)) hybrid was 330 kg ha(-1) greater than the WT. WT hybrid (P = 0.0482). The wx(b). Wx hybrid had the highest grain yield, 633 kg ha(-1) greater than the WT (P = 0.0003). Amylose starch content was lowest for wx(b). wx(a) (7.66 g kg(-1)), intermediate for wxb. Wx and Wx. wxa (25.06 and 27.20 g kg(-1), respectively); and highest for WT. WT (34.80 g kg(-1)) (n = 4, P < 0.0001). The waxy and heterowaxy hybrids evaluated in this study are promising options for commercial production of starches with reduced amylose contents in a drought-tolerant crop. C1 [Yerka, M. K.; Toy, J. J.; Funnell-Harris, D. L.; Sattler, S. E.; Pedersen, J. F.] USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Yerka, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res, 137 Keim Hall UNL East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM melinda.yerka@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.03.0151 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100012 ER PT J AU Subramanian, NK Mason, RE Milus, EA Moon, DE Brown-Guedira, G AF Subramanian, Nithya K. Mason, Richard Esten Milus, Eugene A. Moon, David E. Brown-Guedira, Gina TI Characterization of Two Adult-Plant Stripe Rust Resistance Genes on Chromosomes 3BS and 4BL in Soft Red Winter Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BREAD WHEAT; DURABLE RESISTANCE; LEAF RUST; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; YELLOW RUST AB Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), is an important foliar disease of soft red winter wheat (SRWW) (Triticum aestivum L.) in the eastern United States. However, very few resistance genes have been characterized in the SRWW germplasm pool. The SRWW line VA96W-270 is known to be resistant to stripe rust race PST-100, which was the predominant race in the United States from 2003 to 2006. To elucidate the genetic basis of resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross between VA96W-270 and the susceptible cultivar Coker 9835 was evaluated for response to stripe rust infection in inoculated field nurseries over a 3-yr period. The RIL population was then genotyped with stripe rust-linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, located on chromosomes 3BS and 4BL, both contributed by VA96W-270. The 3BS and 4BL QTL explained up to 28 and 25% of the phenotypic variation for area under disease pressure curve (AUDPC), respectively. Recombinant inbred lines containing both QTL had average disease severity of 6%, compared with 38 to 45% for lines containing one of the two QTL and 69% for those containing neither QTL. Based on susceptibility of VA96W-270 to infection at the seedling stage, the two genes appear to be associated with adult-plant resistance. Markers associated with the two QTL were polymorphic in various wheat genotypes, suggesting they could be useful in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to develop wheat cultivars with improved stripe rust resistance. C1 [Subramanian, Nithya K.; Mason, Richard Esten; Moon, David E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Milus, Eugene A.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Brown-Guedira, Gina] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mason, RE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, 115 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM esten@uark.edu FU Arkansas Wheat Promotion Board and Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-67013-19436]; USDA-NIFA [2011-68002-30029] FX This research was funded by the Arkansas Wheat Promotion Board and Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant #2012-67013-19436 of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Funding for SNP genotyping of diverse wheat genotypes was provided by individual breeding programs and the USDA-NIFA Grant No. 2011-68002-30029, "Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project" for funding. We thank Peter Rohman for assistance with the field experiments. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.01.0043 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100015 ER PT J AU Lennon, JR Krakowsky, M Goodman, M Flint-Garcia, S Balint-Kurti, PJ AF Lennon, Jill R. Krakowsky, Matthew Goodman, Major Flint-Garcia, Sherry Balint-Kurti, Peter J. TI Identification of Alleles Conferring Resistance to Gray Leaf Spot in Maize Derived from its Wild Progenitor Species Teosinte SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CERCOSPORA-ZEAE-MAYDIS; LINE POPULATION; MAYS L.; DISEASE; CORN; QTL; DOMESTICATION; DISCOVERY; MARKERS AB Gray leaf spot (GLS; causal agent Cercospora zeae-maydis and Cercospora zeina) is an important maize (Zea mays L.) disease in the United States. Current control methods for GLS include using resistant cultivars, crop rotation, chemical applications, and conventional tillage to reduce inoculum levels. Teosinte (Z. mays subsp. parviglumis) is the wild progenitor of maize and easily forms hybrids with current maize inbreds. The aims of this study were to identify alleles from teosinte that, when introduced into temperate maize germplasm, conferred significant levels of GLS resistance. A population of 693 BC4S2 near isogenic lines (NILs), developed by crossing nine different teosinte accessions into the background of the maize inbred B73, were evaluated for GLS resistance in replicated field trials over 2 yr. Six markers significantly associated with GLS resistance were identified using 768 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers used to genotype this population. Twenty-seven individual NILs that differed significantly from B73 for GLS resistance and that carried teosinte introgressions at the significantly associated SNPs at bins 2.04, 3.06, 4.07, 5.03, 8.06, and 9.03 were selected for follow-up studies. F-2:3 populations were developed by crossing each selected NIL to B73 followed by self-pollinating the progeny twice. These F-2:3 populations were evaluated for GLS resistance and genotyped at the loci of interest. In most cases, single-marker analysis validated predicted allelic substitution effects from the original NIL populations. C1 [Lennon, Jill R.; Krakowsky, Matthew; Goodman, Major] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Krakowsky, Matthew; Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Flint-Garcia, Sherry] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Flint-Garcia, Sherry] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Balint-Kurti, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM pjbalint@ncsu.edu FU Monsanto FX We would like to thank DuPont Pioneer for planting and maintaining the GLS trials at their location in Andrews, NC, every year. Also, we thank Monsanto for providing funding for J.L.'s Ph.D. research assistantship, as well as the USDA-ARS. We would like to thank Dave Rhyne, Greg Marshall, Pat Fredrichs, Shannon Sermons, Luis Orlando Lopez Zuniga, and Oliver Ott for their assistance during the field seasons. We acknowledge the use of both MaizeGDB and Panzea for data on SNP markers. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.2135/cropsci2014.07.0468 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100021 ER PT J AU Kim, M Schultz, S Nelson, RL Diers, BW AF Kim, Myungsik Schultz, Sarah Nelson, Randall L. Diers, Brian W. TI Identification and Fine Mapping of a Soybean Seed Protein QTL from PI 407788A on Chromosome 15 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE GROUP-I; OIL CONTENT; MASS SELECTION; POPULATIONS; YIELD; ASSOCIATION; SIZE; GRAVITY; MARKERS AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is grown primarily as a source of protein and oil. The objectives of this study were to identify soybean seed protein quantitative trait loci (QTL) from the high protein line PI 407788A and to fine map an important QTL for protein on chromosome (chr) 15. The mapping was done in a population of inbred lines developed with one backcross (BC1) using Williams 82 as a recurrent parent and the high protein source PI 407788A as a donor parent. The population was evaluated with genetic markers and for seed protein and oil concentrations in three Illinois locations in 2005 and 2006. The location of the major protein QTL on chr 15 was fine mapped by evaluating six families of lines segregating for sections of the QTL interval in Illinois during 2008. Genetic marker analysis of the BC1 population revealed the locations of significant protein and oil QTL on chr 20 and 15 within regions where QTL for these traits were previously mapped. Fine mapping of the chr 15 QTL placed it in a 535 kb interval between BARCSOYSSR_15_0161 and BARCSOYSSR_15_0194 based on the Glyma. Wm82.a2 assembly. This fine mapping information will be useful in marker-assisted selection and efforts to clone the QTL. C1 [Kim, Myungsik] Natl Inst Crop Sci, Upland Crop Breeding Res Div, Dept Southern Area Crop Sci, Rural Dev Adm Korea, Miryang 627803, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Schultz, Sarah; Diers, Brian W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Diers, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bdiers@illinois.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.06.0340 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100022 ER PT J AU Thapa, R Carrero-Colon, M Crowe, M Gaskin, E Hudson, K AF Thapa, Rima Carrero-Colon, Militza Crowe, Marissa Gaskin, Erik Hudson, Karen TI Novel FAD2-1A Alleles Confer an Elevated Oleic Acid Phenotype in Soybean Seeds SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DESATURASE GENES; MUTANT ALLELES; IN-VIVO; GMFAD2-1A AB To identify novel sources of genetic variation for the high oleic acid seed trait, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] lines containing a higher fraction of oleic acid were identified through a forward-genetic screen of a chemically mutagenized population. Mutant lines contained 30 to 40% of the total fatty acids as oleic acid. Nine of the lines identified contained novel point mutations in the FAD2-1A gene, which is known to be required for the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. Mutation-specific markers were developed to follow the mutant alleles in segregating populations and confirmed the genetic association of the novel polymorphisms with the elevated oleic acid trait. These lines can be used in breeding approaches and in combination with other genes to generate new soybean germplasm with high levels of oleic acid for the edible oil market. C1 [Thapa, Rima; Crowe, Marissa; Gaskin, Erik] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Carrero-Colon, Militza; Hudson, Karen] USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hudson, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Karen.Hudson@ARS.USDA.GOV FU USDA-ARS Current Research Information System [3602-110-007D] FX We are grateful to Dr. K. Bilyeu for fatty acid sample analysis. Funding for this work was provided through the USDA-ARS Current Research Information System 3602-110-007D. Product names are necessary to report factually on available data. However, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product; use of the names implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.06.0339 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100023 ER PT J AU Bajgain, P Rouse, MN Anderson, JA AF Bajgain, Prabin Rouse, Matthew N. Anderson, James A. TI Comparing Genotyping-by-Sequencing and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Chip Genotyping for Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping in Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; ASCERTAINMENT BIAS; DRAFT GENOME; MAP; IMPROVEMENT; IMPUTATION; CULTIVARS; SELECTION; REVEALS AB Array- or chip-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are widely used in genomic studies because of their abundance in a genome and lower cost per data point than older marker technologies. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), a relatively newer approach of genotyping, suggests equal appeal because of its lesser cost per data point and the avoidance of ascertainment bias during genotyping. In this study, we compared the results from quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, marker distribution on linkage maps, genome size, recombination sites covered by the markers, and cost per polymorphic marker, as well as the methodology and workflow between the Illumina Infinium 9000 SNP-chip genotyping with GBS. Results indicate that while GBS offers similar genome coverage at almost one-fourth the cost of SNP chip, the SNP-chip method is less demanding of computational skills and resources. Eight and nine QTL were detected in the GBS and SNP-chip datasets, respectively, with one QTL common between the systems. Additionally, imputation accuracy of the GBS dataset was examined by introducing missing values randomly and imputing the missing alleles using a probabilistic principal components algorithm. Imputation results suggest recovery of the missing alleles with reasonable accuracy in datasets with low (up to 40%) amount of missing data is possible and can provide acceptable accuracy in gene mapping. Overall, the comparative results indicate that both approaches provide good genome coverage and similar mapping results. The choice of the genotyping platform is decided by the nature of the study and available resources. C1 [Bajgain, Prabin; Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bajgain, Prabin] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rouse, Matthew N.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rouse, Matthew N.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bajgain, P (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bajga002@umn.edu; ander319@umn.edu RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011 FU University of Minnesota Genomics Center; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute; Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute; University of Minnesota Graduate School; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization; Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research; Cereal Disease Laboratory personnel; Anderson Wheat Lab; USDA, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project) [2011-68002-30029]; Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat project; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; United Kingdom Department for International Development FX We thank the University of Minnesota Genomics Center, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, the Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, the University of Minnesota Graduate School, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, Cereal Disease Laboratory personnel, and Anderson Wheat Lab for their help and support during various phases of the project. Funding for this work was provided by the USDA, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project, Grant no. 2011-68002-30029), the Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat project administrated by Cornell University and funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the United Kingdom Department for International Development. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 232 EP 248 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.06.0389 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100024 ER PT J AU Espeland, EK Perkins, LB Horning, ME Johnson, RC AF Espeland, Erin K. Perkins, Lora B. Horning, Matthew E. Johnson, Richard C. TI Seed Source May Determine Field-Specific Germination and Emergence: The Source by Planting Environment Interaction SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CAMPANULA-AMERICANA CAMPANULACEAE; TRANS-GENERATIONAL PLASTICITY; TRANSGENERATIONAL PLASTICITY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PLANTAGO-LANCEOLATA; LOLIUM-PERENNE; UNITED-STATES; STORAGE; TRAITS; GROWTH AB Farm environmental conditions and management practices can result in within-cultivar differences in seed quality and lead to transgenerational plasticity (farm-specific effects on offspring, or TGP) that affect germination and emergence in transplant fields. We used three perennial bunchgrasses, [green needlegrass (Nassella viridula) 'Lodorm', slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus) 'Pryor', and bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoregneria spicata) prevariety registered germplasm P-7] to determine if seeds exhibited TGP. We also determined if TGP was affected by the interaction between production farms and planting environments (farm x environment interaction, or context-dependent TGP), using four laboratory temperature regimes to test germination response and four field environments to test emergence response in 2013. We stored seeds in four different environments for 10 mo before repeating the experiment to test if recent seed storage conditions mitigated TGP. Context-dependent TGP affected emergence for Pryor and Lodorm both years, however, only Pryor exhibited context-dependent TGP for germination in 2013. Sources with low germination and emergence in the field were less likely to exhibit context-dependent TGP. Some transplant fields did not show differences among sources, but in other transplant fields, emergence increased as much as 24% depending on farm source. The effect of recent seed storage conditions, significant only for Pryor, was opposite for germination and emergence, with room-temperature stored seeds exhibiting the highest emergence and lowest germination. Context-dependent TGP in emergence could not be predicted by our coarse information regarding seed production environments and storage conditions or by germination in the lab. Nonetheless, context-dependent TGP significantly determined emergence in two of the three study species. Mechanisms underlying this phenomenon need further study to understand potential benefits and pitfalls for producers and seed buyers. C1 [Espeland, Erin K.] USDA ARS, Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Perkins, Lora B.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Horning, Matthew E.] USDA Forest Serv, Deschutes Natl Forest, Bend, OR 97701 USA. [Johnson, Richard C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm Res & Testing, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Espeland, EK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM erin.espeland@ars.usda.gov RI Perkins, Lora/C-3329-2016 OI Perkins, Lora/0000-0002-0689-4995 NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.05.0318 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100025 ER PT J AU Nelson, PT Krakowsky, MD Coles, ND Holland, JB Bubeck, DM Smith, JSC Goodman, MM AF Nelson, P. T. Krakowsky, M. D. Coles, N. D. Holland, J. B. Bubeck, D. M. Smith, J. S. C. Goodman, M. M. TI Genetic Characterization of the North Carolina State University Maize Lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SOUTHERN LEAF-BLIGHT; INBRED LINES; GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT; TROPICAL MAIZE; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE; SELECTION; COEFFICIENT; POPULATION AB Since 1980, 150 North Carolina State University (NCSU) maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds have been developed and released on the basis of superior performance for topcross yield and other traits of agronomic importance. During this time, there has been great emphasis placed on breeding with exotic germplasm, with 86 NCSU inbreds having at least 50% exotic parentage and 40 of those having all-tropical parentage. Maize germplasm released by NCSU represents a potentially useful resource for increasing maize diversity and performance in the United States. The objectives of this study were to characterize the genetic relationships among inbreds released from this unique breeding program and to compare them genetically with inbreds from other public and private breeding programs. The NCSU maize inbreds can be classified into five germplasm pools: Lancaster, Temperate-adapted all tropical (TAAT), Lancaster. Tropical, Stiff Stalk, and Southern non-Stiff Stalk; detailed analysis of pedigree records and molecular marker genotypes reveals additional substructure within each of these pools. There is general agreement among the four cluster analyses performed, three using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and one using pedigree-derived coefficients of coancestry. We introduce a novel application of Procrustes analysis to identify disagreements between pedigree and marker similarities. The NCSU maize breeding germplasm includes diverse genetic backgrounds, as evidenced by the number of unique alleles compared with publically available inbreds from both public and off-protection, private-sector sources. C1 [Nelson, P. T.; Goodman, M. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Krakowsky, M. D.; Holland, J. B.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Coles, N. D.] DuPont Pioneer, Woodland, CA USA. [Bubeck, D. M.; Smith, J. S. C.] DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA USA. RP Krakowsky, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Matt.Krakowsky@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 259 EP 275 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.09.0532 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100026 ER PT J AU Liu, SY Assanga, SO Dhakal, S Gu, XK Tan, CT Yang, Y Rudd, J Hays, D Ibrahim, A Xue, QW Chao, SM Devkota, R Shachter, C Huggins, T Mohammed, S Fuentealba, MP AF Liu, Shuyu Assanga, Silvano Ocheya Dhakal, Smit Gu, Xiangkun Tan, Chor-Tee Yang, Yan Rudd, Jackie Hays, Dirk Ibrahim, Amir Xue, Qingwu Chao, Shiaoman Devkota, Ravindra Shachter, Cody Huggins, Trevis Mohammed, Suheb Fuentealba, Maria Pilar TI Validation of Chromosomal Locations of 90K Array Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in US Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; STREAK-MOSAIC-VIRUS; WINTER-WHEAT; TAM 112; DIVERSITY; GENOME; CULTIVARS; MARKERS; MAP AB Mapping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can help to develop high throughput molecular markers for important traits. The 90K Infinium iSelect SNP array was used to screen three recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from three crosses, CO 960293-2/'TAM 111'(CT), 'TAM 112'/TAM 111 (TT), and 'Halberd'/'Len' (HL). The objective of this study was to compare and validate the chromosomal locations of mapped SNPs in wheat. A set of 152, 124, and 180 RILs were used in CT, TT, and HL. Among the 91,829 SNPs, 54,258 SNPs were called at least in one mapping population. A set of 5950, 4861, and 8376 SNPs were mapped onto chromosomes of CT, TT, and HL, respectively, with a total of 15,604 unique SNPs. Only 374 SNPs (2.4%) were commonly mapped across three populations, and 3025 SNPs (19.4%) were mapped across all combinations of two of the three populations. The number of uniquely mapped SNPs specific to each population was 3291 (21.1%) in CT, 2418 (15.5%) in TT, and 6224 (40.0%) in HL. With known chromosomal locations of the mapped 40K out of 90K array SNPs, linkage groups in all three mapping populations were assigned onto chromosomes. More than 76% of the mapped SNPs have consistent chromosomal locations with the previously mapped 40K SNPs. A set of 2190 (14.0%) unique newly mapped SNPs and 1316 (8.4%) SNPs mapped onto multiple chromosomes were presented. These chromosome maps are essential for the discoveries of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) of important traits in wheat. C1 [Liu, Shuyu; Tan, Chor-Tee; Rudd, Jackie; Xue, Qingwu; Devkota, Ravindra; Shachter, Cody; Fuentealba, Maria Pilar] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Assanga, Silvano Ocheya; Dhakal, Smit; Gu, Xiangkun; Yang, Yan; Hays, Dirk; Ibrahim, Amir; Huggins, Trevis; Mohammed, Suheb] Texas A&M Univ, Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Shachter, Cody] Austin Community Coll, Comp Sci, Austin, TX 78752 USA. RP Liu, SY (reprint author), Texas A&M AgriLife Res, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM SLiu@ag.tamu.edu FU Monsanto Beachell-Borlaug International Scholarship; Texas Wheat Producer Board; Texas A&M AgriLife Research FX The authors thank the technical help from Peihua Yan and Jay Martin at Amarillo and Padmavathi Sengodon at College Station from Texas A&M AgriLife Research. We thank Charlie Johnson, Director of Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, Texas A&M Agrilife Research at College Station provided us access to the GenomeStudio v2011.1 from Illumina Inc. We appreciated the review and discussion with Shichen Wang from Kansas State University. The funding sources are Monsanto Beachell-Borlaug International Scholarship, Texas Wheat Producer Board, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 364 EP 373 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.03.0194 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100035 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Brown, MA Turner, KE Venuto, BC AF Starks, Patrick J. Brown, Michael A. Turner, Kenneth E. Venuto, Bradley C. TI Canopy Visible and Near-infrared Reflectance Data to Estimate Alfalfa Nutritive Attributes Before Harvest SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PLANT MORPHOLOGY; DETERGENT FIBER; QUALITY; SPECTROSCOPY; PREDICTION AB Canopy reflectance (i.e., remotely sensed) data may allow rapid assessment of nutritive values, such as total N, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), as well as nutritive quality indicators such as relative feed value (RFV) and a forage energy/protein ratio of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Remotely sensed data were acquired over seven alfalfa cultivars in the 2005 to 2008 growing seasons (n = 580) to develop and test calibration equations to predict concentrations of total N, NDF, and ADF. About 31% of the canopy reflectance dataset and corresponding measured values of total N, NDF, and ADF were used in calibration equation development while the remaining samples (69%) were used to validate the calibration equations. The remote sensing based values of NDF, ADF, and crude protein (CP = total N x 6.25) were used to calculate RFV and the total digestible nutrients/crude protein (TDN/CP) ratio. Measured total N, NDF, ADF, RFV, and the TDN/CP ratio were used to assess the accuracy of the corresponding predicted values from the remotely sensed canopy reflectance data. The remotely sensed based prediction equations explained from 78 to 83% of the variation in measured total N, NDF, and ADF, correctly predicted about 80% of the RFV-based hay grade classifications, and about 78% of the measured TDN/CP ratios. This technology could help improve profit margins by timing the cutting or harvesting of alfalfa, in rapid assessment of nutritive values over large areas devoted to growing alfalfa, and assessing nutritive quality in real time. C1 [Starks, Patrick J.; Brown, Michael A.; Turner, Kenneth E.; Venuto, Bradley C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 West Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Patrick.starks@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 484 EP 494 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.03.0162 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DB1KC UT WOS:000368266100047 ER PT J AU Sutfin, NA Wohl, EE Dwire, KA AF Sutfin, Nicholas A. Wohl, Ellen E. Dwire, Kathleen A. TI Banking carbon: a review of organic carbon storage and physical factors influencing retention in floodplains and riparian ecosystems SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Review DE carbon; river; floodplain; riparian ecosystem; organic matter ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; LAND-USE CHANGE; HEADWATER STREAMS; COASTAL-PLAIN; RIVER CONTINUUM; SOIL CARBON; BEAVER DAMS; HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY AB Rivers are dynamic components of the terrestrial carbon cycle and provide important functions in ecosystem processes. Although rivers act as conveyers of carbon to the oceans, rivers also retain carbon within riparian ecosystems along floodplains, with potential for long-term (> 10(2)years) storage. Research in ecosystem processing emphasizes the importance of organic carbon (OC) in river systems, and estimates of OC fluxes in terrestrial freshwater systems indicate that a significant portion of terrestrial carbon is stored within river networks. Studies have examined soil OC on floodplains, but research that examines the potential mechanistic controls on OC storage in riparian ecosystems and floodplains is more limited. We emphasize three primary OC reservoirs within fluvial systems: (1) standing riparian biomass; (2) dead biomass as large wood (LW) in the stream and on the floodplain; (3) OC on and beneath the floodplain surface, including litter, humus, and soil organic carbon (SOC). This review focuses on studies that have framed research questions and results in the context of OC retention, accumulation and storage within the three primary pools along riparian ecosystems. In this paper, we (i) discuss the various reservoirs for OC storage in riparian ecosystems, (ii) discuss physical conditions that facilitate carbon retention and storage in riparian ecosystems, (iii) provide a synthesis of published OC storage in riparian ecosystems, (iv) present a conceptual model of the conditions that favor OC storage in riparian ecosystems, (v) briefly discuss human impacts on OC storage in riparian ecosystems, and (vi) highlight current knowledge gaps. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sutfin, Nicholas A.; Wohl, Ellen E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sutfin, Nicholas A.] Colorado State Univ, Integrated Water Atmosphere Ecosyst Educ & Res Pr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dwire, Kathleen A.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Sutfin, NA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM nick.sutfin@colostate.edu RI Sutfin, Nicholas A/Q-7824-2016 OI Sutfin, Nicholas A/0000-0003-4429-7814 FU National Science Foundation [DGE-0966346] FX This paper is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Grant No. DGE-0966346 'I-WATER: Integrated Water, Atmosphere, Ecosystems Education and Research Program' at Colorado State University. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for useful comments on the paper. NR 253 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 35 U2 80 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 41 IS 1 BP 38 EP 60 DI 10.1002/esp.3857 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DA7UY UT WOS:000368011200005 ER PT J AU Acebes-Doria, AL Leskey, TC Bergh, JC AF Acebes-Doria, Angelita L. Leskey, Tracy C. Bergh, J. Christopher TI Development and comparison of trunk traps to monitor movement of Halyomorpha halys nymphs on host trees SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE brown marmorated stink bug; Ailanthus altissima; gravitaxis; phototaxis; walking behavior; Hemiptera; Pentatomidae; Simaroubaceae ID MARMORATED STINK BUG; HEMIPTERA-PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA-PENTATOMIDAE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; STAL HETEROPTERA; DISPERSAL; ABUNDANCE; DESIGNS; BEETLE AB Halyomorpha halys Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has recently become a major orchard pest in the Mid-Atlantic, USA. Large H. halys populations can develop on wild tree hosts adjacent to orchards, posing an ongoing threat to fruit. Adults and nymphs feed on tree fruit, causing economic injury. Understanding the seasonal patterns of nymphal host use among trees at the orchard-woodland interface may aid the development of integrated pest management strategies for this pest. In laboratory and field experiments, modified versions of published trap designs - 'Circle', 'Hanula', 'M&M' (after Moeed & Meads) traps - were compared for their effectiveness for capturing H. halys nymphs walking up and down tree trunks. In the laboratory, second instars were released at the top and bottom of ailanthus (tree of heaven), Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), logs and captures were recorded after 24 h. Circle and M&M traps, respectively, were most effective for capturing nymphs walking up and down. In the field, traps were deployed on ailanthus trees next to apple orchards and captures were recorded weekly from 24 July to 11 September 2013. As in the laboratory, Circle and M&M traps captured the greatest number of upward- and downward-walking nymphs. Hanula traps were least effective in both experiments. In the field, 88% of total captures were of nymphs walking up trees. This was at least partially explained by behavioral assays in the laboratory demonstrating that nymphs exhibited negative gravitaxis and positive phototaxis. Stage-specific trends in captures of instars walking up during field sampling were observed. These results suggest that trunk traps can be used to address important ecological questions about seasonal patterns of host use by H. halys nymphs. C1 [Acebes-Doria, Angelita L.; Bergh, J. Christopher] Virginia Tech, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. [Leskey, Tracy C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Acebes-Doria, AL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 595 Laurel Grove Rd, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. EM aacebes@vt.edu FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture [2011-51181-30937]; Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Pesticides Division FX We thank D Weber for providing insects for some experiments, J Warren for cutting ailanthus logs, and J Engelman and E Doria for their tremendous assistance. This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, under award number #2011-51181-30937, and the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Pesticides Division. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 158 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1111/eea.12384 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DA9LY UT WOS:000368131500005 ER PT J AU Fetene, A Hilker, T Yeshitela, K Prasse, R Cohen, W Yang, ZQ AF Fetene, Aramde Hilker, Thomas Yeshitela, Kumelachew Prasse, Ruediger Cohen, Warren Yang, Zhiqiang TI Detecting Trends in Landuse and Landcover Change of Nech Sar National Park, Ethiopia SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Degradation; Landsat; Landcover; NDVI; Nech Sar; Terrestrial ID FOREST DISTURBANCE; METROPOLITAN-AREA; POPULATION STATUS; CLASSIFICATION; TERMINOLOGY; ALGORITHMS; PLAINS AB Nech Sar National Park (NSNP) is one of the most important biodiversity centers in Ethiopia. In recent years, a widespread decline of the terrestrial ecosystems has been reported, yet to date there is no comprehensive assessment on degradation across the park. In this study, changes in landcover were analyzed using 30 m spatial resolution Landsat imagery. Interannual variations of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were examined and compared with climatic variables. The result presented seven landcover classes and five of the seven landcover classes (forest, bush/shrubland, wooded grassland, woodland and grassland) were related to natural vegetation and two landcover types (cultivated land and area under encroaching plants) were direct results of anthropogenic alterations of the landscape. The forest, grassland, and wooded grassland are the most threatened habitat types. A considerable area of the grassland has been replaced by encroaching plants, prominently by Dichrostachys cinerea, Acacia mellifera, A. nilotica, A. oerfota, and A. seyal and is greatly affected by expansion of herbaceous plants, most commonly the species of the family Malvaceae which include Abutilon anglosomaliae, A.bidentatum and A.figarianu. Thus, changes in vegetation of NSNP may be attributed to (i) degradation of existing vegetation through deforestation and (ii) replacement of existing vegetation by encroaching plants. While limited in local meteorological station, NDVI analysis indicated that climate related changes did not have major effects on park vegetation degradation, which suggests anthropogenic impacts as a major driver of observed disturbances. C1 [Fetene, Aramde; Yeshitela, Kumelachew] Univ Addis Ababa, Chair Ecosyst Planning & Management, Bldg Construct & City Dev, Ethiopian Inst Architecture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Fetene, Aramde] Debremarkos Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Debre Markos, Ethiopia. [Hilker, Thomas] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Prasse, Ruediger] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Environm Planning, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. [Cohen, Warren; Yang, Zhiqiang] USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Fetene, A (reprint author), Univ Addis Ababa, Chair Ecosyst Planning & Management, Bldg Construct & City Dev, Ethiopian Inst Architecture, POB 518, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM aramde74@gmail.com FU International Foundation for Science (IFS) Stockholm, Sweden [D/5284-1] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the International Foundation for Science (IFS) Stockholm, Sweden, through a grant to Aramde Fetene Mengistu with grant number D/5284-1 for field works at Nech Sar National Park, and for USGS for providing Landsat images free of charge. Addis Ababa University, Oregon State University and Debre Markos University are duly acknowledged for their logistic assistance. Finally, we acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers for their substantial comments to enrich the manuscript. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 1 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0603-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA6MC UT WOS:000367917900010 PM 26298672 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Gilbertson-Day, JW Scott, JH AF Thompson, Matthew P. Gilbertson-Day, Julie W. Scott, Joe H. TI Integrating Pixel- and Polygon-Based Approaches to Wildfire Risk Assessment: Application to a High-Value Watershed on the Pike and San Isabel National Forests, Colorado, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Burn probability; Water quality; Exceedance probability; Expected net value change; Wildfire hazard ID FIRE; EXPOSURE; PROBABILITY; MANAGEMENT; TOOL AB We develop a novel risk assessment approach that integrates complementary, yet distinct, spatial modeling approaches currently used in wildfire risk assessment. Motivation for this work stems largely from limitations of existing stochastic wildfire simulation systems, which can generate pixel-based outputs of fire behavior as well as polygon-based outputs of simulated final fire perimeters, but due to storage and processing limitations do not retain spatially resolved information on intensity within a given fire perimeter. Our approach surmounts this limitation by merging pixel- and polygon-based modeling results to portray a fuller picture of potential wildfire impacts to highly valued resources and assets (HVRAs). The approach is premised on using fire perimeters to calculate fire-level impacts while explicitly capturing spatial variation of wildfire intensity and HVRA susceptibility within the perimeter. Relative to earlier work that generated statistical expectations of risk, this new approach can better account for the range of possible fire-level or season-level outcomes, providing far more comprehensive information on wildfire risk. To illustrate the utility of this new approach, we focus on a municipal watershed on the Pike and San Isabel National Forests in Colorado, USA. We demonstrate a variety of useful modeling outputs, including exceedance probability charts, conditional distributions of watershed area burned and watershed impacts, and transmission of risk to the watershed based on ignition location. These types of results can provide more information than is otherwise available using existing assessment frameworks, with significant implications for decision support in pre-fire planning, fuel treatment design, and wildfire incident response. C1 [Thompson, Matthew P.; Gilbertson-Day, Julie W.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Scott, Joe H.] Pyrologix LLC, Missoula, MT USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM mpthompson02@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station; National Fire Decision Support Center FX The Rocky Mountain Research Station and the National Fire Decision Support Center supported this research. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 EI 1573-2967 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s10666-015-9469-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA5YT UT WOS:000367879300001 ER PT J AU Blaustein, RA Shelton, DR Van Kessel, JAS Karns, JS Stocker, MD Pachepsky, YA AF Blaustein, Ryan A. Shelton, Daniel R. Van Kessel, Jo Ann S. Karns, Jeffrey S. Stocker, Matthew D. Pachepsky, Yakov A. TI Irrigation waters and pipe-based biofilms as sources for antibiotic-resistant bacteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Antibiotic resistance; Indicator bacteria; Irrigation water; Biofilm; Pipes ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRINKING-WATER; WASTE-WATER; NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS; MICROBIAL QUALITY; LAKE GENEVA; SURVIVAL; DISSEMINATION; SWITZERLAND; ENTEROCOCCI AB The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in environmental surface waters has gained recent attention. Wastewater and drinking water distribution systems are known to disseminate antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with the biofilms that form on the inner-surfaces of the pipeline as a hot spot for proliferation and gene exchange. Pipe-based irrigation systems that utilize surface waters may contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a similar manner. We conducted irrigation events at a perennial stream on a weekly basis for 1 month, and the concentrations of total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms, as well as the concentrations of these bacterial groups that were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, were monitored at the intake water. Prior to each of the latter three events, residual pipe water was sampled and 6-in. sections of pipeline (coupons) were detached from the system, and biofilm from the inner-wall was removed and analyzed for total protein content and the above bacteria. Isolates of biofilm-associated bacteria were screened for resistance to a panel of seven antibiotics, representing five antibiotic classes. All of the monitored bacteria grew substantially in the residual water between irrigation events, and the biomass of the biofilm steadily increased from week to week. The percentages of biofilm-associated isolates that were resistant to antibiotics on the panel sometimes increased between events. Multiple-drug resistance was observed for all bacterial groups, most often for fecal coliforms, and the distributions of the numbers of antibiotics that the total coliforms and fecal coliforms were resistant to were subject to change from week to week. Results from this study highlight irrigation waters as a potential source for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can subsequently become incorporated into and proliferate within irrigation pipe-based biofilms. C1 [Blaustein, Ryan A.; Shelton, Daniel R.; Van Kessel, Jo Ann S.; Karns, Jeffrey S.; Stocker, Matthew D.; Pachepsky, Yakov A.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Blaustein, Ryan A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 188 IS 1 AR 56 DI 10.1007/s10661-015-5067-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA5ZG UT WOS:000367880700056 PM 26703979 ER PT J AU Westfall, JA Lister, AJ Scott, CT AF Westfall, James A. Lister, Andrew J. Scott, Charles T. TI Precision and cost considerations for two-stage sampling in a panelized forest inventory design SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Stratification; Subsampling; Finite population; Fieldwork efficiency; Inventory logistics AB Due to the relatively high cost of measuring sample plots in forest inventories, considerable attention is given to sampling and plot designs during the forest inventory planning phase. A two-stage design can be efficient from a field work perspective as spatially proximate plots are grouped into work zones. A comparison between subsampling with units of unequal size (SUUS) and a simple random sample (SRS) design in a panelized framework assessed the statistical and economic implications of using the SUUS design for a case study in the Northeastern USA. The sampling errors for estimates of forest land area and biomass were approximately 1.5-2.2 times larger with SUUS prior to completion of the inventory cycle. Considerable sampling error reductions were realized by using the zones within a post-stratified sampling paradigm; however, post-stratification of plots in the SRS design always provided smaller sampling errors in comparison. Cost differences between the two designs indicated the SUUS design could reduce the field work expense by 2-7 %. The results also suggest the SUUS design may provide substantial economic advantage for tropical forest inventories, where remote areas, poor access, and lower wages are typically encountered. C1 [Westfall, James A.; Lister, Andrew J.; Scott, Charles T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Westfall, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jameswestfall@fs.fed.us; alister@fs.fed.us; ctscott@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 188 IS 1 AR 11 DI 10.1007/s10661-015-5002-8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA5ZG UT WOS:000367880700011 PM 26637188 ER PT J AU Brooks, BW Lazorchak, JM Howard, MDA Johnson, MVV Morton, SL Perkins, DAK Reavie, ED Scott, GI Smith, SA Steevens, JA AF Brooks, Bryan W. Lazorchak, James M. Howard, Meredith D. A. Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V. Morton, Steve L. Perkins, Dawn A. K. Reavie, Euan D. Scott, Geoffrey I. Smith, Stephanie A. Steevens, Jeffery A. TI Are Harmful Algal Blooms Becoming the Greatest Inland Water Quality Threat to Public Health and Aquatic Ecosystems? SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Harmful algae; Climate change; Urbanization; Agriculture; Salinization; Lake and reservoir monitoring; Toxin; Ambient toxicity; Essential services of environmental public health ID PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM BLOOMS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKE-ERIE; EUTROPHICATION; CYANOBACTERIA; BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENT; QUESTIONS; IMPACTS AB In this Focus article, the authors ask a seemingly simple question: Are harmful algal blooms (HABs) becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? When HAB events require restrictions on fisheries, recreation, and drinking water uses of inland water bodies significant economic consequences result. Unfortunately, the magnitude, frequency, and duration of HABs in inland waters are poorly understood across spatiotemporal scales and differentially engaged among states, tribes, and territories. Harmful algal bloom impacts are not as predictable as those from conventional chemical contaminants, for which water quality assessment and management programs were primarily developed, because interactions among multiple natural and anthropogenic factors determine the likelihood and severity to which a HAB will occur in a specific water body. These forcing factors can also affect toxin production. Beyond site-specific water quality degradation caused directly by HABs, the presence of HAB toxins can negatively influence routine surface water quality monitoring, assessment, and management practices. Harmful algal blooms present significant challenges for achieving water quality protection and restoration goals when these toxins confound interpretation of monitoring results and environmental quality standards implementation efforts for other chemicals and stressors. Whether HABs presently represent the greatest threat to inland water quality is debatable, though in inland waters of developed countries they typically cause more severe acute impacts to environmental quality than conventional chemical contamination events. The authors identify several timely research needs. Environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, and risk-assessment expertise must interface with ecologists, engineers, and public health practitioners to engage the complexities of HAB assessment and management, to address the forcing factors for HAB formation, and to reduce the threats posed to inland surface water quality. (C) 2015 SETAC C1 [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Inst Biomed Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Howard, Meredith D. A.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Temple, TX USA. [Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Perkins, Dawn A. K.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Reavie, Euan D.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Scott, Geoffrey I.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Smith, Stephanie A.] Beagle Bioprod, Columbus, OH USA. [Steevens, Jeffery A.] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Brooks, BW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Inst Biomed Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM bryan_brooks@baylor.edu RI Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852; Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU Fulbright Visiting Research Chair in Water and the Environment at the University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada FX Permission was granted by the US Army Corps of Engineers chief of engineers to publish this material. The information in this document has been subjected to review by the USEPA, the US Department of Agriculture, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and has been approved for publication. The views expressed in this column are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the USEPA, the US Department of Agriculture, or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. During the development of this column, B.W. Brooks was supported as the Fulbright Visiting Research Chair in Water and the Environment at the University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, and as a Visiting Erskine Fellow at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 52 U2 152 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1002/etc.3220 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DA9KI UT WOS:000368127200001 PM 26771345 ER PT J AU Bohnenblust, EW Vaudo, AD Egan, JF Mortensen, DA Tooker, JF AF Bohnenblust, Eric W. Vaudo, Anthony D. Egan, J. Franklin Mortensen, David A. Tooker, John F. TI EFFECTS OF THE HERBICIDE DICAMBA ON NONTARGET PLANTS AND POLLINATOR VISITATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nontarget effect; Floral resource; Drift; alfalfa; Eupatorium perfoliatum ID FLORAL HOST PLANTS; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; SPRAY DRIFT; WEED MANAGEMENT; VAPOR DRIFT; HYMENOPTERA; QUALITY; 2,4-D; BEE; AGROCHEMICALS AB Nearly 80% of all pesticides applied to row crops are herbicides, and these applications pose potentially significant ecotoxicological risks to nontarget plants and associated pollinators. In response to the widespread occurrence of weed species resistant to glyphosate, biotechnology companies have developed crops resistant to the synthetic-auxin herbicides dicamba and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); and once commercialized, adoption of these crops is likely to change herbicide-use patterns. Despite current limited use, dicamba and 2,4-D are often responsible for injury to nontarget plants; but effects of these herbicides on insect communities are poorly understood. To understand the influence of dicamba on pollinators, the authors applied several sublethal, drift-level rates of dicamba to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Eupatorium perfoliatum L. and evaluated plant flowering and floral visitation by pollinators. The authors found that dicamba doses simulating particle drift (approximate to 1% of the field application rate) delayed onset of flowering and reduced the number of flowers of each plant species; however, plants that did flower produced similar-quality pollen in terms of protein concentrations. Further, plants affected by particle drift rates were visited less often by pollinators. Because plants exposed to sublethal levels of dicamba may produce fewer floral resources and be less frequently visited by pollinators, use of dicamba or other synthetic-auxin herbicides with widespread planting of herbicide-resistant crops will need to be carefully stewarded to prevent potential disturbances of plant and beneficial insect communities in agricultural landscapes. (C) 2015 SETAC C1 [Bohnenblust, Eric W.; Vaudo, Anthony D.; Tooker, John F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Egan, J. Franklin] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Mortensen, David A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tooker, JF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tooker@psu.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowships [FP917431, FP917131012] FX We thank S. Smiles for managing the alfalfa plots and S. Williamson for help with data collection. We also thank C. Grozinger and B. Nino for providing the honey bee hives used in the present study's experiments. Funding for the present study was provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowships, awarded to E.W.Bohnenblust (FP917431), and J.F.Egan (FP917131012). NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 144 EP 151 DI 10.1002/etc.3169 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DA9KI UT WOS:000368127200018 PM 26184786 ER PT J AU Tepaamorndech, S Kirschke, CP Pedersen, TL Keyes, WR Newman, JW Huang, LP AF Tepaamorndech, Surapun Kirschke, Catherine P. Pedersen, Theresa L. Keyes, William R. Newman, John W. Huang, Liping TI Zinc transporter 7 deficiency affects lipid synthesis in adipocytes by inhibiting insulin-dependent Akt activation and glucose uptake SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE 3T3-L1; adipocytes; lipogenesis; zinc homeostasis; ZnT7 ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PPAR-GAMMA; SLC30 FAMILY; DIFFERENTIATION; MICE; EXPRESSION; OBESE; ZNT7; METABOLISM AB Mice deficient for zinc transporter 7 protein (ZnT7) are mildly zinc deficient with low body weight gain and body fat accumulation. To investigate the underlying mechanism of ZnT7 deficiency in body adiposity, we examined fatty acid composition and insulin sensitivity in visceral (epididymal) and subcutaneous fat pads from Znt7 knockout and control mice. We showed that ZnT7 deficiency had adverse effects on fatty acid metabolism and insulin action in subcutaneous fat but not in epididymal fat in mice, consistent with the ZnT7 protein expression pattern in adipose tissues. Importantly, we found that the expression of ZnT7 protein was induced by lipogenic differentiation and reached a peak when the adipocyte was fully differentiated in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We demonstrated, using Znt7 knockdown (Znt7KD) 3T3-L1 adipocytes, that reduction in Znt7 expression blunted activations of the signal transduction pathways that regulated both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes, resulting in low glucose uptake and lipid accumulation. The expression of the signaling mediators critical for the initiation of pre-adipocyte differentiation, including Pparc and C/Ebpa, appeared not to be affected by Znt7KD in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These findings strongly suggest a role for ZnT7 in adipocyte lipogenesis. C1 [Tepaamorndech, Surapun; Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, Integrat Genet & Genom Grad Grp, Davis, CA USA. [Kirschke, Catherine P.; Pedersen, Theresa L.; Keyes, William R.; Newman, John W.; Huang, Liping] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Obes & Metab Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Newman, John W.; Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Obes & Metab Res Unit, 430 West Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM john.newman@ars.usda.gov; liping.huang@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, ARS CRIS projects [2032-51000-004-00D, 2032-51530-022-00D] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, ARS CRIS projects 2032-51000-004-00D and 2032-51530-022-00D. We thank Cynthia Hilton for help with technical editing. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1742-464X EI 1742-4658 J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 283 IS 2 BP 378 EP 394 DI 10.1111/febs.13582 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DB1GB UT WOS:000368255000013 PM 26524605 ER PT J AU Schneebeli, K Mathesius, U Zwart, AB Bragg, JN Vogel, JP Watt, M AF Schneebeli, Katharina Mathesius, Ulrike Zwart, Alexander B. Bragg, Jennifer N. Vogel, John P. Watt, Michelle TI Brachypodium distachyon genotypes vary in resistance to Rhizoctonia solani AG8 SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adventitious roots; crown roots; defense; growth defence trade-off; monocot; nodal roots; plant-pathogen interaction ID NECROTROPHIC PATHOGENS RHIZOCTONIA; ROOT-ROT; CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT; DISEASE RESISTANCE; TEMPERATE CEREALS; WHEAT; MODEL; ARABIDOPSIS; AG-8; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. (Bd) has previously been developed as a pathosystem model for the wheat root rot pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn anastomosis group 8 (AG8). Here we explore variation in resistance to R. solani AG8 in Bd, to determine whether genomic tools could be used to find Bd genes involved in the grass defence response, with the aim of using this information for the improvement of Rhizoctonia root rot resistance in wheat. We looked for variation in resistance to R. solani AG8 in a diverse Bd natural accession collection and in Bd T-DNA insertion lines selected based on putative mechanisms reported for tagged genes. All lines were susceptible to the pathogen. Repeatable and significant variation in resistance was measured in both groups, with greater variation in resistance found across the natural accessions than in the T-DNA lines. The widest and most repeatable variation in resistance was between lines Koz-3 and BdTR 13a. The ratio of R. solani AG8-inoculated to uninoculated root length for line Koz-3 was 33% greater than the same ratio for line BdTR 13a. The increased resistance of Koz-3 was associated with nodal root initiation in response to the pathogen. A negative correlation between seedling vigour and resistance was observed, but found not to be the sole source of variation in resistance to R. solani AG8. The only T-DNA line with significantly greater resistance to R. solani AG8 than the reference line had an insertion in a putative galactosyltransferase gene; however, this result needs further confirmation. Genetic resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot is not available in wheat cultivars and only a few instances of quantitative resistance to the pathogen have been described within close relatives of wheat. Brachypodium distachyon offers potential for further investigation to find genes associated with quantitative resistance and mechanisms of tolerance to R. solani AG8. C1 [Schneebeli, Katharina; Zwart, Alexander B.; Watt, Michelle] CSIRO, Agr Flagship, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Schneebeli, Katharina; Mathesius, Ulrike] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Div Plant Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Bragg, Jennifer N.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Vogel, John P.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Vogel, John P.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Schneebeli, K (reprint author), NSW Dept Primary Ind, 21 888 Kamilaroi Highway, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. EM kathy.schneebeli@dpi.nsw.gov.au RI Watt, Michelle/I-6226-2016; Mathesius, Ulrike/C-9767-2009; Schneebeli, Katharina/A-9947-2011; OI Watt, Michelle/0000-0001-7843-0957; Schneebeli, Katharina/0000-0002-2256-0645; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) [CSP 00129]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-SC0001526, DE-AI02-07ER64452]; USA Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Vincent Chochois for help with producing seed for these experiments and Jonathan Anderson for providing the isolate of R. solani AG8. This work was funded by a PhD stipend to KS from the Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) through grant CSP 00129, and supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, US Department of Energy, interagency agreements DE-SC0001526 and DE-AI02-07ER64452 to JPV and MW. The work conducted by the USA Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 EI 1445-4416 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2016 VL 43 IS 2 SI SI BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1071/FP15244 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DA8DX UT WOS:000368036300009 ER PT J AU Bustamante, MMC Roitman, I Aide, TM Alencar, A Anderson, LO Aragao, L Asner, GP Barlow, J Berenguer, E Chambers, J Costa, MH Fanin, T Ferreira, LG Ferreira, J Keller, M Magnusson, WE Morales-Barquero, L Morton, D Ometto, JPHB Palace, M Peres, CA Silverio, D Trumbore, S Vieira, ICG AF Bustamante, Mercedes M. C. Roitman, Iris Aide, T. . Mitchell Alencar, Ane Anderson, Liana O. Aragao, Luiz Asner, Gregory P. Barlow, Jos Berenguer, Erika Chambers, Jeffrey Costa, Marcos H. Fanin, Thierry Ferreira, Laerte G. Ferreira, Joice Keller, Michael Magnusson, William E. Morales-Barquero, Lucia Morton, Douglas Ometto, Jean P. H. B. Palace, Michael Peres, Carlos A. Silverio, Divino Trumbore, Susan Vieira, Ima C. G. TI Toward an integrated monitoring framework to assess the effects of tropical forest degradation and recovery on carbon stocks and biodiversity SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carbon emissions; ecosystem modeling; field inventories; forest dynamics; remote sensing ID MEDIATED SEED DISPERSAL; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; TREE MORTALITY; CANOPY DAMAGE; FIRE BEHAVIOR; DENSITY MAPS; BIOMASS; EMISSIONS; DEFORESTATION; STORAGE AB Tropical forests harbor a significant portion of global biodiversity and are a critical component of the climate system. Reducing deforestation and forest degradation contributes to global climate-change mitigation efforts, yet emissions and removals from forest dynamics are still poorly quantified. We reviewed the main challenges to estimate changes in carbon stocks and biodiversity due to degradation and recovery of tropical forests, focusing on three main areas: (1) the combination of field surveys and remote sensing; (2) evaluation of biodiversity and carbon values under a unified strategy; and (3) research efforts needed to understand and quantify forest degradation and recovery. The improvement of models and estimates of changes of forest carbon can foster process-oriented monitoring of forest dynamics, including different variables and using spatially explicit algorithms that account for regional and local differences, such as variation in climate, soil, nutrient content, topography, biodiversity, disturbance history, recovery pathways, and socioeconomic factors. Generating the data for these models requires affordable large-scale remote-sensing tools associated with a robust network of field plots that can generate spatially explicit information on a range of variables through time. By combining ecosystem models, multiscale remote sensing, and networks of field plots, we will be able to evaluate forest degradation and recovery and their interactions with biodiversity and carbon cycling. Improving monitoring strategies will allow a better understanding of the role of forest dynamics in climate-change mitigation, adaptation, and carbon cycle feedbacks, thereby reducing uncertainties in models of the key processes in the carbon cycle, including their impacts on biodiversity, which are fundamental to support forest governance policies, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation. C1 [Bustamante, Mercedes M. C.; Roitman, Iris; Silverio, Divino] Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Aide, T. . Mitchell] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Alencar, Ane] Amazon Environm Res Inst IPAM, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Anderson, Liana O.] Natl Ctr Monitoring & Early Warning Nat Disasters, BR-12247016 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Anderson, Liana O.] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Anderson, Liana O.; Aragao, Luiz] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12247016 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Barlow, Jos; Berenguer, Erika] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Barlow, Jos; Vieira, Ima C. G.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66040170 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Chambers, Jeffrey] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Costa, Marcos H.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Agr Engn, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Fanin, Thierry] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ferreira, Laerte G.] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Estudo Socioambientais, Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Ferreira, Joice] Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Keller, Michael] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR USA. [Keller, Michael] EMBRAPA Monitoramento Satelite, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Magnusson, William E.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69067971 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Morales-Barquero, Lucia] Bangor Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Environm Nat Resources & Geog, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Morton, Douglas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ometto, Jean P. H. B.] Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Earth Syst Sci Ctr CCST, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Palace, Michael] UNH, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Peres, Carlos A.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Trumbore, Susan] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Bustamante, MMC (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM mercedes@unb.br RI Morton, Douglas/D-5044-2012; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Barlow, Jos/E-7861-2014; Peres, Carlos/B-1276-2013; Chambers, Jeffrey/J-9021-2014; Silverio, Divino Vicente/G-1154-2012; Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015; OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Peres, Carlos/0000-0002-1588-8765; Chambers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3983-7847; Silverio, Divino Vicente/0000-0003-1642-9496; Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X; Berenguer, Erika/0000-0001-8157-8792; Roitman, Iris/0000-0002-1698-1777 FU Climate Land Use Alliance; Science Without Borders Program (CNPq); Rede Clima of Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation; NERC [NE/K016431/1] FX This document is based on the discussions held during the Workshop on Monitoring Forest Dynamics: carbon stocks, greenhouse gas fluxes, and biodiversity, in Brasilia, Brazil (September 2-4, 2014) financed by Climate Land Use Alliance. Susan Trumbore and Douglas Morton acknowledge the financial support from the Science Without Borders Program (CNPq). Mercedes Bustamante and Iris Roitman acknowledge the financial support of the Rede Clima of Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. J.B. and E.B. were supported by a grant from the NERC (NE/K016431/1). The authors are grateful to TobyGardner for valuable comments on previous version of this article. NR 131 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 30 U2 108 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 1 BP 92 EP 109 DI 10.1111/gcb.13087 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA7KL UT WOS:000367982900007 PM 26390852 ER PT J AU Moran, EV Hartig, F Bell, DM AF Moran, Emily V. Hartig, Florian Bell, David M. TI Intraspecific trait variation across scales: implications for understanding global change responses SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE evolution; genetic variation; global change; intraspecific variation; population differentiation; population dynamics; species range; trait ID PLANT PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; INTEGRAL PROJECTION MODELS; ECO-EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GENETIC-VARIATION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; DEMOGRAPHIC STOCHASTICITY AB Recognition of the importance of intraspecific variation in ecological processes has been growing, but empirical studies and models of global change have only begun to address this issue in detail. This review discusses sources and patterns of intraspecific trait variation and their consequences for understanding how ecological processes and patterns will respond to global change. We examine how current ecological models and theories incorporate intraspecific variation, review existing data sources that could help parameterize models that account for intraspecific variation in global change predictions, and discuss new data that may be needed. We provide guidelines on when it is most important to consider intraspecific variation, such as when trait variation is heritable or when nonlinear relationships are involved. We also highlight benefits and limitations of different model types and argue that many common modeling approaches such as matrix population models or global dynamic vegetation models can allow a stronger consideration of intraspecific trait variation if the necessary data are available. We recommend that existing data need to be made more accessible, though in some cases, new experiments are needed to disentangle causes of variation. C1 [Moran, Emily V.] UC Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Hartig, Florian] Univ Freiburg, Dept Biometry & Environm Syst Anal, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Bell, David M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Moran, EV (reprint author), UC Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. EM emoran5@ucmerced.edu OI Bell, David/0000-0002-2673-5836; Moran, Emily/0000-0003-4624-1910 NR 128 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 35 U2 102 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 1 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1111/gcb.13000 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA7KL UT WOS:000367982900010 PM 26061811 ER PT J AU Tassone, EE Lipka, AE Tomasi, P Lohrey, GT Qian, W Dyer, JM Gore, MA Jenks, MA AF Tassone, Erica E. Lipka, Alexander E. Tomasi, Pernell Lohrey, Greg T. Qian, Wei Dyer, John M. Gore, Michael A. Jenks, Matthew A. TI Chemical variation for leaf cuticular waxes and their levels revealed in a diverse panel of Brassica napus L. SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Brassica napus; Cuticular waxes; Stress tolerance; Heritability ID TRANSPIRATION BARRIER PROPERTIES; EPICUTICULAR WAX; WATER DEFICIENCY; ARABIDOPSIS; CUTICLE; CANOLA; IMPACT; LIPIDS; ENVIRONMENT; TOLERANCE AB Brassica napus L is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world, providing oil and protein used for food, fuel, and industrial purposes. Despite high oil yields and desirable agronomic traits, its geographical range is mainly limited to temperate climates, and oil yields and quality are negatively impacted by drought and heat stress. Leaf cuticular waxes are known to protect plants from many forms of environmental stress, including those caused by drought and heat. To shed light on the wax phenotypic diversity in B. napus, we quantified the levels of 24 leaf cuticular wax chemical constituents, and seven of their sums, in a diverse panel of 517 accessions representing B. napus seed stock center collections worldwide. Most of the 31 traits had moderately high heritability (H-2=0.19-0.81), suggesting that the observed phenotypic variation was influenced primarily by genetic effects. Further, we obtained a strong positive correlation between the two major branches of the metabolic pathway responsible for cuticular waxes. Although this metabolic linkage has been suggested by previous studies, it has not yet been statistically supported. We observed high correlations among individual alkane, secondary alcohol, and ketone constituents, and low correlations among individual primary alcohol and ester constituents. This study is the most extensive analysis of wax chemical diversity within any plant taxon to date, and lays a foundation for future studies of wax metabolism and function, and the application of new breeding strategies to modify leaf waxes and improve stress tolerance in B. napus. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tassone, Erica E.; Tomasi, Pernell; Lohrey, Greg T.; Dyer, John M.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Lipka, Alexander E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Qian, Wei] Southwest Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China. [Gore, Michael A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, Plant Breeding & Genet Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jenks, Matthew A.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Jenks, MA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM majenks@mail.wvu.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Biomass Research and Development Initiative [11011027] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Biomass Research and Development Initiative award (grant no. 11011027) to J.M.D., M.A.G., and M.A.J. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 79 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.10.047 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DA5QJ UT WOS:000367857300010 ER PT J AU Liu, YL He, ZQ Shankle, M Tewolde, H AF Liu, Yongliang He, Zhongqi Shankle, Mark Tewolde, Haile TI Compositional features of cotton plant biomass fractions characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Attenuated total reflection; Biomass; Cellulose; Carbohydrate; Principal component analysis ID OIL; MANAGEMENT; PROTEIN; MATTER; CROP AB Cotton is one of the most important and widely grown crops in the world. In addition to natural textile fiber production as a primary purpose, it yields a high grade vegetable oil for human consumption and also carbohydrate fiber and protein byproducts for animal feed. In this work, attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to characterize the cotton plant biomass fractions. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) of these ATR-FTIR spectra were performed to evaluate the similarity or dissimilarity of these biomass fractions from different parts of cotton plants, and the same plant parts collected between mid-season and pre-defoliation stages. These data revealed the more rapid accumulation of major carbohydrate components in main stems, roots, and branches than in petioles and leaf blades, increased our understanding of the cotton growth mechanism. PCA revealed that the ATR-FTIR spectra of cotton biomass fractions fell into two distinct clusters representing two types of cotton plant parts: Stem cluster (main stems, roots, branches, and petioles) and Leaf cluster (leaf blades, bracts, bur, and/or reproductive parts). Such clustering information could be helpful in selecting the FT-IR measurement parameters for assessing cotton plant growth, nutrition management, and biomass production. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Yongliang; He, Zhongqi] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Shankle, Mark] Mississippi State Univ, Pontotoc Ridge Flatwoods Branch Expt Stn, Pontotoc, MS 38863 USA. [Tewolde, Haile] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 79 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.11.022 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DA5QJ UT WOS:000367857300035 ER PT J AU Bowman, MS AF Bowman, Maria S. TI Impact of foot-and-mouth disease status on deforestation in Brazilian Amazon and cerrado municipalities between 2000 and 2010 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Deforestation; Brazil; Cattle; Foot-and-mouth disease; Beef exports ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; LAND-USE; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; POLICY; FOREST; BEEF; AGRICULTURE; EXPANSION; ECONOMICS; MITIGATION AB Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon released approximately 5.7 billion tons of CO2 to the atmosphere between 2000 and 2010, and 50-80% of this deforestation was for pasture. Most assume that increasing demand for cattle products produced in Brazil caused this deforestation, but the empirical work to-date on cattle documents only correlations between cattle herd size, pasture expansion, cattle prices, and deforestation. This paper uses panel data on deforestation and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) status-an exogenous demand shifter-to estimate whether changes in FMD status caused new deforestation in municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon and cerrado biomes during the 2000-2010 period. Results suggest that, on average, becoming certified as FMD-free caused a temporary spike in deforestation in the 2 years after a municipality became FMD-free, but caused subsequent deforestation to decline relative to infected municipalities during the 2000-2010 period. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bowman, Maria S.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Resource & Rural Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bowman, MS (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Resource & Rural Econ Div, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Mail Stop 1800, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM maria.s.bowman@gmail.com FU NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); Energy Biosciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley (EBI Award) [OO1J04] FX Two anonymous reviewers provided detailed and helpful comments on multiple versions of this manuscript. The author would like to thank Britaldo Soares-Filho and the research staff at the Centro de Censoriamento Remoto at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais for their help with acquiring and organizing spatial data, for help with GIS software questions, and for their ongoing support. Eugenio Arima at the University of Texas at Austin kindly provided precipitation data from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Thanks also to Avery Cohn, Katrina Mullan, Catherine Hausman, David Zilberman, Peter Berck, Maximilian Auffhammer, Frank Merry, Gregory Amacher, Loretta Lynch, and others for their comments on this research at various stages. Finally, the Energy Biosciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley (EBI Award: OO1J04) provided funding for this work. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-0696 EI 1096-0449 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 75 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.jeem.2015.08.003 PG 16 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB0TW UT WOS:000368221400003 ER PT J AU Brown, SL Chaney, RL Hettiarachchi, GM AF Brown, Sally L. Chaney, Rufus L. Hettiarachchi, Ganga M. TI Lead in Urban Soils: A Real or Perceived Concern for Urban Agriculture? SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU REMEDIATION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; BIOSOLIDS APPLICATIONS; RESIDENTIAL SOILS; GROWN VEGETABLES; UNITED-STATES; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Urban agriculture is growing in cities across the United States. It has the potential to provide multiple benefits, including increased food security. Concerns about soil contamination in urban areas can be an impediment to urban agriculture. Lead is the most common contaminant in urban areas. In this paper, direct (soil ingestion via outdoor and indoor exposure) and indirect (consumption of food grown in Pb-contaminated soils) exposure pathways are reviewed. It is highly unlikely that urban agriculture will increase incidences of elevated blood Pb for children in urban areas. This is due to the high likelihood that agriculture will improve soils in urban areas, resulting in reduced bioavailability of soil Pb and reduced fugitive dust. Plant uptake of Pb is also typically very low. The exceptions are low-growing leafy crops where soil-splash particle contamination is more likely and expanded hypocotyl root vegetables (e.g., carrot). However, even with higher bioaccumulation factors, it is not clear that the Pb in root vegetables or any other crops will be absorbed after eating. Studies have shown limited absorption of Pb when ingested with food. Best management practices to assure minimal potential for exposure are also common practices in urban gardens. These include the use of residuals-based composts and soil amendments and attention to keeping soil out of homes. This review suggests that benefits associated with urban agriculture far outweigh any risks posed by elevated soil Pb. C1 [Brown, Sally L.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chaney, Rufus L.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hettiarachchi, Ganga M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Brown, SL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM slb@uw.edu NR 100 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 21 U2 68 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.07.0376 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA6XI UT WOS:000367948600005 PM 26828157 ER PT J AU Kondo, MC Sharma, R Plante, AF Yang, YW Burstyn, I AF Kondo, Michelle C. Sharma, Raghav Plante, Alain F. Yang, Yunwen Burstyn, Igor TI Elemental Concentrations in Urban Green Stormwater Infrastructure Soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RURAL GRADIENT; LEAD-EXPOSURE; FOREST SOILS; NEW-ORLEANS; LAND-USE; ENVIRONMENT; HEALTH; IMPACT; USA; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is designed to capture stormwater for infiltration, detention, evapotranspiration, or reuse. Soils play a key role in stormwater interception at these facilities. It is important to assess whether contamination is occurring in GSI soils because urban stormwater drainage areas often accumulate elements of concern. Soil contamination could affect hydrologic and ecosystem functions. Maintenance workers and the public may also be exposed to GSI soils. We investigated soil elemental concentrations, categorized as macro-and micronutrients, heavy metals, and other elements, at 59 GSI sites in the city of Philadelphia. Non-GSI soil samples 3 to 5 m upland of GSI sites were used for comparison. We evaluated differences in elemental composition in GSI and non-GSI soils; the comparisons were corrected for the age of GSI facility, underlying soil type, street drainage, and surrounding land use. Concentrations of Ca and I were greater than background levels at GSI sites. Although GSI facilities appear to accumulate Ca and I, these elements do not pose a significant human health risk. Elements of concern to human health, including Cd, Hg, and Pb, were either no different or were lower in GSI soils compared with non-GSI soils. However, mean values found across GSI sites were up to four times greater than soil cleanup objectives for residential use. C1 [Kondo, Michelle C.] Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Sharma, Raghav] Prime Healthcare Serv, Ontario, CA 91761 USA. [Plante, Alain F.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19014 USA. [Yang, Yunwen; Burstyn, Igor] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Burstyn, Igor] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dep Environm & Occupat Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Kondo, MC (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 100 N 20th St,Suite 205, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM michelleckondo@fs.fed.us RI Plante, Alain/C-3498-2008; OI Plante, Alain/0000-0003-0124-6187; Kondo, Michelle/0000-0001-9152-1589 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX The authors thank Rebecca Schwartz for contributions to data collection and Ian Yesilonis, Lara Roman, and John Stanovick for feedback on the manuscript. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.2134/jeq2014.10.0421 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA6XI UT WOS:000367948600014 PM 26828166 ER PT J AU Xiao, QF McPherson, EG AF Xiao, Qingfu McPherson, E. Gregory TI Surface Water Storage Capacity of Twenty Tree Species in Davis, California SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; INTENSITY; FOREST; STEMFLOW; SIZE; SIMULATION; EMISSIONS; BENEFITS; BALANCE; MODELS AB Urban forestry is an important green infrastructure strategy because healthy trees can intercept rainfall, reducing stormwater runoff and pollutant loading. Surface saturation storage capacity, defined as the thin film of water that must wet tree surfaces before flow begins, is the most important variable influencing rainfall interception processes. Surface storage capacity is known to vary widely among tree species, but it is little studied. This research measured surface storage capacities of 20 urban tree species in a rainfall simulator. The measurement system included a rainfall simulator, digital balance, digital camera, and computer. Eight samples were randomly collected from each tree species. Twelve rainfall intensities (3.5-139.5 mm h(-1)) were simulated. Leaf-on and leaf-off simulations were conducted for deciduous species. Stem and foliar surface areas were estimated using an image analysis method. Results indicated that surface storage capacities varied threefold among tree species, 0.59 mm for crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.) and 1.81 mm for blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.). The mean value across all species was 0.86 mm (0.11 mm SD). To illustrate application of the storage values, interception was simulated and compared across species for a 40-yr period with different rainfall intensities and durations. By quantifying the potential for different tree species to intercept rainfall under a variety of meteorological conditions, this study provides new knowledge that is fundamental to validating the cost-effectiveness of urban forestry as a green infrastructure strategy and designing functional plantings. C1 [Xiao, Qingfu] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [McPherson, E. Gregory] USDA Forest Serv, Urban Ecosyst & Social Dynam Program, PSW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Xiao, QF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM qxiao@ucdavis.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station FX This research was supported in part by funds from a Cooperative Agreement with the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. The authors express their appreciation to Cindy Yu Yeung, Connie Jew, Jennifer Lee, and Sandy Tran of the University of California-Davis for their help running the rainfall simulation experiments and performing the image analysis. Also, thanks to the City of Davis and University of California-Davis Grounds Services for permission to sample trees. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1 BP 188 EP 198 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.02.0092 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA6XI UT WOS:000367948600022 PM 26828174 ER PT J AU Calfapietra, C Morani, A Sgrigna, G Di Giovanni, S Muzzini, V Pallozzi, E Guidolotti, G Nowak, D Fares, S AF Calfapietra, Carlo Morani, Arianna Sgrigna, Gregorio Di Giovanni, Sara Muzzini, Valerio Pallozzi, Emanuele Guidolotti, Gabriele Nowak, David Fares, Silvano TI Removal of Ozone by Urban and Peri-Urban Forests: Evidence from Laboratory, Field, and Modeling Approaches SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INTERCELLULAR AIR SPACES; MEDITERRANEAN FOREST; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; FAGUS-SYLVATICA; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; PONDEROSA PINE AB A crucial issue in urban environments is the interaction between urban trees and atmospheric pollution, particularly ozone (O-3). Ozone represents one of the most harmful pollutants in urban and peri-urban environments, especially in warm climates. Besides the large interest in reducing anthropogenic and biogenic precursors of O-3 emissions, there is growing scientific activity aimed at understanding O-3 removal by vegetation, particularly trees. The intent of this paper is to provide the state of the art and suggestions to improve future studies of O-3 fluxes and to discuss implications of O-3 flux studies to maximize environmental services through the planning and management of urban forests. To evaluate and quantify the potential of O-3 removal in urban and peri-urban forests, we describe experimental approaches to measure O-3 fluxes, distinguishing laboratory experiments, field measurements, and model estimates, including recent case studies. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches and conclude that the combination of the three levels of investigation is essential for estimating O-3 removal by urban trees. We also comment on the implications of these findings for planning and management of urban forests, suggesting some key issues that should be considered to maximize O-3 removal by urban and peri-urban forests. C1 [Calfapietra, Carlo; Morani, Arianna; Sgrigna, Gregorio; Di Giovanni, Sara; Muzzini, Valerio; Pallozzi, Emanuele; Guidolotti, Gabriele] Natl Res Council CNR, Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol IBAF, I-05010 Porano, TR, Italy. [Nowak, David] SUNY Syracuse, ESF, Moon Lib 5, Northern Res Stn,USDA Forest Serv, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Fares, Silvano] Res Ctr Soil Plant Syst, Council Agr Res & Econ, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Calfapietra, Carlo] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Global Change Res Ctr, Czechglobe, Brno 60300, Czech Republic. [Sgrigna, Gregorio] DiBT Molise Univ, UniMol, Dep Biosci & Terr, I-86170 Pesche Is, Contrada Fonte, Italy. RP Calfapietra, C (reprint author), Natl Res Council CNR, Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol IBAF, Via Marconi 2, I-05010 Porano, TR, Italy. EM carlo.calfapietra@ibaf.cnr.it RI Sgrigna, Gregorio/G-8201-2015; OI Sgrigna, Gregorio/0000-0002-2914-2171; Pallozzi, Emanuele/0000-0001-5604-5337 FU European Project COST Action [FP1204]; European Project GREENINURBS; European Project EXPLO3RVOC (FP7-PEOPLE-CIG) [321711]; MIUR project RITMARE; MIUR project PRIN NEUFOR; Scientific Commission of Castelporziano; Multi-disciplinary Center for the Study of Coastal Mediterranean Ecosystems; MIUR-PRIN TREECITY project FX This work was supported by European Projects COST Action FP1204 GREENINURBS, EXPLO3RVOC (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, proposal n. 321711) and the funded MIUR projects RITMARE and PRIN 2012/2013 NEUFOR. The research in Castelporziano was also supported by the Scientific Commission of Castelporziano and the Multi-disciplinary Center for the Study of Coastal Mediterranean Ecosystems and the MIUR-PRIN 2010/2011 TREECITY project. NR 93 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1 BP 224 EP 233 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.01.0061 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA6XI UT WOS:000367948600026 PM 26828178 ER PT J AU Kennedy, CD Kleinman, PJA DeMoranville, CJ AF Kennedy, Casey D. Kleinman, Peter J. A. DeMoranville, Carolyn J. TI Spatial Scale and Field Management Affect Patterns of Phosphorus Loss in Cranberry Floodwaters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN MASSACHUSETTS; SOIL; NUTRIENT; RUNOFF; RETENTION; NITROGEN; EUTROPHICATION; GROUNDWATER; DESORPTION; REDUCTION AB Although cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) are indigenous to the northeastern United States, phosphorus (P) fertilizer additions and periodic flooding make commercial cranberry a potential source of P to the region's lakes and streams. In this study, we report values of P export in cranberry floodwaters that range from < 0.8 to 4.7 kg P ha(-1), generally reflecting differences in the hydrological, edaphic, and management factors underlying soil P transfer to floodwater. The relatively high P loading rate (4.7 P kg P ha(-1)) was associated with harvest flooding of organic-rich soils. Periods of winter flooding and the discharge of harvest floodwater from mineral soils resulted in relatively low P loss (< 0.8 kg P ha(-1)). Increases in concentrations of total dissolved P (DP) and total particulate P (PP) in floodwater as stage decreased below the surface of the cranberry bed were consistent with the transport of dissolved P in soil porewater and mobilization of particulate P in ditches. Variations in floodwater DP, as well as conservative and reactive tracer concentrations, suggested that the processes by which soil P is released to porewater included desorption of near-surface soil P and anaerobic dissolution of iron-P compounds deeper in the soil profile. At the farm scale, concentrations of DP and PP steadily increased over time, presumably because drainage waters from beds farther upgradient had longer contact times with P-rich sources, such as soil porewater and ditch sediments. Overall, the study illustrates the role that scale-dependent processes impart on patterns of P loss in agricultural production systems. C1 [Kennedy, Casey D.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, East Wareham, MA 02538 USA. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [DeMoranville, Carolyn J.] Univ Massachusetts, Cranberry Stn, East Wareham, MA 02538 USA. RP Kennedy, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, One State Bog Rd, East Wareham, MA 02538 USA. EM casey.kennedy@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.2134/jeq2014.11.0485 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA6XI UT WOS:000367948600032 PM 26828184 ER PT J AU Fisher, KA Meisinger, JJ James, BR AF Fisher, Kristin A. Meisinger, John J. James, Bruce R. TI Urea Hydrolysis Rate in Soil Toposequences as Influenced by pH, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Soluble Metals SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; INORGANIC NITROGEN; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; AMMONIA-OXIDIZERS; RIVER ESTUARY; ARABLE SOIL; EXCRETION; WATER AB A simultaneous increase in the use of urea fertilizer and the incidence of harmful algal blooms worldwide has generated interest in potential loss pathways of urea from agricultural areas. The objective of this research was to study the rate of urea hydrolysis in soil profile toposequences sampled from the Coastal Plain (CP) and Piedmont (PM) regions of Maryland to understand native urea hydrolysis rates (UHRs) as well as the controls governing urea hydrolysis both across a landscape and with depth in the soil profile. A pH-adjustment experiment was conducted to explore the relationship between pH and urea hydrolysis because of the importance of pH to both agronomic productivity and microbial communities. Soils were sampled from both A and B horizons along transects containing an agricultural field (AG), a grassed field border (GB), and a perennially vegetated zone adjacent to surface water. On average, the A-horizon UHRs were eight times greater than corresponding B-horizon rates, and within the CP, the riparian zone (RZ) soils hydrolyzed urea faster than the agricultural soils. The pH adjustment of these soils indicated the importance of organic-matter-related factors (C, N, extractable metals) in determining UHR. These results suggest that organic-matter-rich RZ soils may be valuable in mitigating losses of urea from neighboring fields. Additional field-scale urea hydrolysis studies would be valuable to corroborate the mechanisms described herein and to explore the conditions affecting the fate and transport of urea in agroecosystems. C1 [Fisher, Kristin A.; James, Bruce R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Meisinger, John J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fisher, KA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, 1443 Anim Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kfisher3@umd.edu NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.05.0228 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA6XI UT WOS:000367948600039 PM 26828191 ER PT J AU Phillips, RL Ficken, C Eken, M Hendrickson, J Beeri, O AF Phillips, Rebecca L. Ficken, Cari Eken, Mikki Hendrickson, John Beeri, Ofer TI Wetland Soil Carbon in a Watershed Context for the Prairie Pothole Region SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GLACIATED INTERIOR PLAINS; DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA; NORTH-DAKOTA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; RESTORED WETLANDS; SEDIMENT REMOVAL; PLANT COMMUNITY; DISTURBED SOILS; UNITED-STATES; RESTORATION AB Wetland restoration in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) often involves soil removal to enhance water storage volume and/or remove seedbanks of invasive species. Consequences of soil removal could include loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), which is important to ecosystem functions such as water-holding capacity and nutrient retention needed for plant re-establishment. We used watershed position and surface flow pathways to classify wetlands into headwater or network systems to address two questions relevant to carbon (C) cycling and wetland restoration practices: (i) Do SOC stocks and C mineralization rates vary with landscape position in the watershed (headwater vs. network systems) and land use (restored vs. native prairie grasslands)? (ii) How might soil removal affect plant emergence? We addressed these questions using wetlands at three large (? 200 ha) study areas in the central North Dakota PPR. We found the cumulative amount of C mineralization over 90 d was 100% greater for network than headwater systems, but SOC stocks were similar, suggesting greater C inputs beneath wetlands connected by higher-order drainage lines are balanced by greater rates of C turnover. Land use significantly affected SOC, with greater stocks beneath native prairie than restored grasslands for both watershed positions. Removal of mineral soil negatively affected plant emergence. This watershed-based framework can be applied to guide restoration designs by (i) weighting wetlands based on surface flow connectivity and contributing area and (ii) mapping the effects of soil removal on plant and soil properties for network and headwater wetland systems in the PPR. C1 [Phillips, Rebecca L.] Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand. [Phillips, Rebecca L.; Eken, Mikki] Ecol Insights Corp, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Ficken, Cari] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Hendrickson, John] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), Landcare Res, Gerald St, Lincoln, New Zealand. EM PhillipsR@landcareresearch.co.nz RI Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 FU USEPA [96814801]; New Zealand's Program for Ecosystems and Global Change FX This work was supported by the USEPA (96814801) and by New Zealand's Program for Ecosystems and Global Change. The authors thank land owner Keith Trego; USEPA managers Cynthia Gonzales, Jim Luey, Jill Minter, and Richard Sumner; anonymous JEQ reviewers and JEQ Associate Editor Curtis Dell; and Moffatt Ngugi, Sarah Waldron, Allen Will, Adam Tollefsrud, Shawn DeKeyser, Mary Kay Tokach, Becky Mann, Rob Monette, and Bruce Smith for technical and administrative support. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1 BP 368 EP 375 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.06.0310 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA6XI UT WOS:000367948600041 PM 26828193 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP More, G van Wilpe, E Calero-Bernal, R Verma, SK Schares, G AF Dubey, Jitender P. More, Gaston van Wilpe, Erna Calero-Bernal, Rafael Verma, Shiv K. Schares, Gereon TI Sarcocystis rommeli, n. sp (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from Cattle (Bos taurus) and its Differentiation from Sarcocystis hominis SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Definitive host; Intermediate host; Molecular; Ultrastructure ID SINENSIS AB Cattle (Bos taurus) are intermediate hosts for three named species of Sarcocystis, S. cruzi, S. hirsuta, and S. hominis. Recently, a fourth species was identified and named S. sinensis. However, S. sinensis originally named a species of Sarcocystis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in China. Based on unverifiable evidence, it was suggested that the same parasite infects cattle. In addition, S. sinensis was recently declared as nomen nudum because its naming violated the rules of International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Thus, the fourth species using cattle as an intermediate host does not have a valid name. Here, we propose a new name, Sarcocystis rommeli for the S. sinensis-like parasite from cattle in Argentina, and differentiate it ultrastructurally from S. hominis sarcocysts from experimentally infected cattle. Sarcocystis rommeli sarcocysts were microscopic with a 5-mu m-thick wall with slender villar protrusions (Vp); the Vp were up to 5 mu m long, up to 0.5 mu m wide, and of uneven thickness, often bent at an angle. The ground substance layer (Gs) was up to 0.8 mu m thick and smooth. Vesicular structures were seen at the base of the Vp. The bradyzoites were 10- 12 mu m long. Sarcocystis hominis sarcocysts had Vp that were often upright, up to 7.5 mu m long, and up to 1.8 mu m wide; the Gs was up to 2 mu m thick and without vesicles. Its sarcocyst wall was up to 5.6 mu m thick, the vp were bent at an angle, up to 5.8 mu m long, the Gs was up to 2 mu m thick, but without vesicles seen in S. rommeli. Beef containing sarcocysts of S. rommeli was not orally infectious for two human volunteers and a red fox (Vulpes vulpes). The Sarcocystis described here is molecularly different from S. cruzi, S. hirsuta, and S. hominis based on 18S rRNA and cox1 gene sequences. C1 [Dubey, Jitender P.; Calero-Bernal, Rafael; Verma, Shiv K.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [More, Gaston] Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Vet, Lab Inmunoparasitol, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [More, Gaston] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [van Wilpe, Erna] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Anat & Physiol, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Schares, Gereon] Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Epidemiol, D-17493 Greifswald, Germany. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov OI More, Gaston/0000-0002-0475-717X; Schares, Gereon/0000-0002-3217-289X FU Department of Employment and Innovation of the Regional Government of Extremadura (Spain) [PO12010]; European Social Fund FX R. Calero-Bernal is a postdoctoral fellow (ref. PO12010) funded by the Department of Employment and Innovation of the Regional Government of Extremadura (Spain) and the European Social Fund. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1066-5234 EI 1550-7408 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 63 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1111/jeu.12248 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DA9LZ UT WOS:000368131600006 PM 26111603 ER PT J AU Reddy, SP Wang, H Adams, JK Feng, PCH AF Reddy, Shanker P. Wang, Hua Adams, Jennifer K. Feng, Peter C. H. TI Prevalence and Characteristics of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Fresh Produce Marketed in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI STRAINS; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; GROUND-BEEF; MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; FOOD COMMODITIES; RETAIL MARKETS; TOMATO PLANTS; RISK-FACTORS AB Salmonella continues to rank as one of the most costly foodborne pathogens, and more illnesses are now associated with the consumption of fresh produce. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Microbiological Data Program (MDP) sampled select commodities of fresh fruit and vegetables and tested them for Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Listeria. The Salmonella strains isolated were further characterized by serotype, antimicrobial resistance, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile. This article summarizes the Salmonella data collected by the MDP between 2002 and 2012. The results show that the rates of Salmonella prevalence ranged from absent to 0.34% in cilantro. A total of 152 isolates consisting of over 50 different serotypes were isolated from the various produce types, and the top five were Salmonella enterica serotype Cubana, S. enterica subspecies arizonae (subsp. IIIa) and diarizonae (subsp. IIIb), and S. enterica serotypes Newport, Javiana, and Infantis. Among these, Salmonella serotypes Newport and Javiana are also listed among the top five Salmonella serotypes that caused most foodborne outbreaks. Other serotypes that are frequent causes of infection, such as S. enterica serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis, were also found in fresh produce but were not prevalent. About 25% of the MDP samples were imported produce, including 65% of green onions, 44% of tomatoes, 42% of hot peppers, and 41% of cantaloupes. However, imported produce did not show higher numbers of Salmonella-positive samples, and in some products, like cilantro, all of the Salmonella isolates were from domestic samples. About 6.5% of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to the antimicrobial compounds tested, but no single commodity or serotype was found to be the most common carrier of resistant strains or of resistance. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the produce isolates showed similarities with Salmonella isolates from meat samples and from outbreaks, but there were also profile diversities among the strains within some serotypes, like Salmonella Newport. C1 [Reddy, Shanker P.] USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Wang, Hua; Feng, Peter C. H.] US FDA, Div Microbiol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Adams, Jennifer K.] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Feng, PCH (reprint author), US FDA, Div Microbiol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM peter.feng@fda.hhs.gov NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 79 IS 1 BP 6 EP 16 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-274 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA DA7DQ UT WOS:000367965200002 PM 26735024 ER PT J AU Ding, T Yu, YY Hwang, CA Dong, QL Chen, SG Ye, XQ Liu, DH AF Ding, Tian Yu, Yan-Yan Hwang, Cheng-An Dong, Qing-Li Chen, Shi-Guo Ye, Xing-Qian Liu, Dong-Hong TI Modeling the Effect of Water Activity, pH, and Temperature on the Probability of Enterotoxin A Production by Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; GROWTH; MILK; OUTBREAK AB The objectives of this study were to develop a probability model of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) production as affected by water activity (a(w)), pH, and temperature in broth and assess its applicability for milk. The probability of SEA production was assessed in tryptic soy broth using 24 combinations of a(w) (0.86 to 0.99), pH (5.0 to 7.0), and storage temperature (10 to 30 degrees C). The observed probabilities were fitted with a logistic regression to develop a probability model. The model had a concordant value of 97.5% and concordant index of 0.98, indicating that the model satisfactorily describes the probability of SEA production. The model showed that a(w), pH, and temperature were significant factors affecting the probability of toxin production. The model predictions were in good agreement with the observed values obtained from milk. The model may help manufacturers in selecting product pH and a(w) and storage temperatures to prevent SEA production. C1 [Ding, Tian; Yu, Yan-Yan; Chen, Shi-Guo; Ye, Xing-Qian; Liu, Dong-Hong] Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Key Lab Agrofood Proc, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Ye, Xing-Qian; Liu, Dong-Hong] Zhejiang Univ, Fuli Inst Food Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Ding, Tian; Liu, Dong-Hong] Northeast Agr Univ, Synerget Innovat Ctr Food Safety & Nutr, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. [Hwang, Cheng-An] ARS, USDA, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Dong, Qing-Li] Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol, Inst Food Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200093, Peoples R China. RP Ding, T (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Key Lab Agrofood Proc, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM tding@zju.edu.cn; dhliu@zju.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Funds of China [31401608, 31271896]; Chinese National Key Technology R D Program [2012BAD29B07] FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Funds of China (grant no. 31401608 and 31271896) and Chinese National Key Technology R & D Program (grant no. 2012BAD29B07). NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 79 IS 1 BP 148 EP 152 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-161 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA DA7DQ UT WOS:000367965200020 PM 26735042 ER PT J AU Medina, E Perez-Diaz, IM Breidt, F Hayes, J Franco, W Butz, N Azcarate-Peril, MA AF Medina, Eduardo Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M. Breidt, Fred Hayes, Janet Franco, Wendy Butz, Natasha Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Maria TI Bacterial Ecology of Fermented Cucumber Rising pH Spoilage as Determined by Nonculture-Based Methods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acetic acid bacteria; cucumbers; fermented vegetables ID LACTIC-ACID; SP-NOV.; IDENTIFICATION; FERMENTATIONS; PECTINATUS; SAMPLES; SEARCH; GENUS AB Fermented cucumber spoilage (FCS) characterized by rising pH and the appearance of manure-and cheeselike aromas is a challenge of significant economical impact for the pickling industry. Previous culture-based studies identified the yeasts Pichia manshurica and Issatchenkia occidentalis, 4 Gram-positive bacteria, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus parrafaraginis, Clostridium sp., and Propionibacterium and 1 Gram-negative genus, Pectinatus, as relevant in various stages of FCS given their ability to metabolize lactic acid. It was the objective of this study to augment the current knowledge of FCS using culture-independent methods to microbiologically characterize commercial spoilage samples. Ion Torrent data and 16S rRNA cloning library analyses of samples collected from commercial fermentation tanks confirmed the presence of L. rapi and L. buchneri and revealed the presence of additional species involved in the development of FCS such as Lactobacillus namurensis, Lactobacillus acetotolerans, Lactobacillus panis, Acetobacter peroxydans, Acetobacter aceti, and Acetobacter pasteurianus at pH below 3.4. The culture-independent analyses also revealed the presence of species of Veillonella and Dialister in spoilage samples with pH above 4.0 and confirmed the presence of Pectinatus spp. during lactic acid degradation at the higher pH. Acetobacter spp. were successfully isolated from commercial samples collected from tanks subjected to air purging by plating on Mannitol Yeast Peptone agar. In contrast, Lactobacillus spp. were primarily identified in samples of FCS collected from tanks not subjected to air purging for more than 4 mo. Thus, it is speculated that oxygen availability may be a determining factor in the initiation of spoilage and the leading microbiota. C1 [Medina, Eduardo; Franco, Wendy] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M.; Breidt, Fred; Hayes, Janet] USDA ARS, SAA, Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Butz, Natasha; Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Maria] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Microbiome Core Facil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, Food Sci Res Unit, 322 Schaub Hall NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Ilenys.Perez-Diaz@ars.usda.gov RI Franco, Wendy/D-3528-2014; Eduardo, Medina/D-3296-2014 OI Eduardo, Medina/0000-0002-9978-4524 FU Spanish Government (MECD) FX A Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Spanish Government (MECD) fully funded Dr. E. Medina. We thank Mr. Seth Fornea with the USDA-ARS Food Science Research Unit, for technical help with HPLC analysis. We also thank Dr. Joscelin Diaz with the Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences for assistance with statistical analysis. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 81 IS 1 BP M121 EP M129 DI 10.1111/1750-3841.13158 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA DA9MO UT WOS:000368133500021 PM 26605993 ER PT J AU Boggs, J Sun, G McNulty, S AF Boggs, Johnny Sun, Ge McNulty, Steven TI Effects of Timber Harvest on Water Quantity and Quality in Small Watersheds in the Piedmont of North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE riparian buffer; best management practices; hydrology; water quality; North Carolina Piedmont ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; UNITED-STATES; FOREST; USA; RESPONSES; VIRGINIA; OREGON; ZONES AB This paired watershed study tested the effects of timber harvest on water quantity and quality in the North Carolina Piedmont physiographic region. Four headwater watersheds at Hill Demonstration Forest (HF1, HF2, HFW1, and HFW2) and two at Umstead Research Farm (UF1 and UF2) were continuously monitored for discharge and water quality from 2007 to 2013. The HF1 and UF1 watersheds were clearcut (treatment), leaving a 15.2-m vegetated riparian buffer around the streams to protect water quality as described in the North Carolina Neuse River Basin Riparian Buffer Rule. HF2 and UF2 were uncut and used as reference watersheds. Merchantable timber was selectively removed from the riparian buffer, reducing tree basal area by 27% in HF1 and 48% in UF1. HF1 and HF2 were nested within HFW1; thus, HFW1 was considered a partial cut where 33% of the watershed area was harvested, and HFW2 was the reference. We found that discharge in treatment watersheds increased dramatically, averaging 240% in HF1 and 200% in UF1 and 40% in HEW1 during the postharvest period, 2011-2013. Total suspended sediment export in the treatment watersheds also increased significantly in HF1 after harvest, probably due to the increase of discharge and movement of in-channel legacy sediment. Stormflow peak nitrate reached its maximum concentration during the first 2 years after harvest in the treatment watersheds and then declined, corresponding to the rapid regrowth of woody and herbaceous plants in the riparian buffer and uplands. We found that 36% of the UF1 streambank trees were blown down but did not cause a measurable increase in mean daily stormflow total suspended sediment concentration. Most buffer tree blowdown occurred during the first few years after a harvest. Bioclassification of benthic macroinvertebrates indicated that stream water quality remained good/fair to excellent in the treatment watersheds after the harvest. We conclude that the temporary increases in discharge were relatively large for the Piedmont region compared with those for other regions in the southeastern United States. However, the increases in channel sediment transport and nutrient exports associated with the hydrologic change did not have a measurable impact on the indicators of aquatic invertebrate community health or bioclassification rankings. C1 [Boggs, Johnny] USDA Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven] USDA Forest Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Boggs, J (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM jboggs@fs.fed.us; gesun@fs.fed.us; smcnulty@fs.fed.us FU US Environmental Protection Agency; North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Water Resources; USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center FX This research was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency Non-Point Source (NPS) Pollution Control Grant through Section 319(h) of the Clean Water Act, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Water Resources, and the USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center. We thank the many students and support staff who have been involved with this project over the years for their diligent work in the field and laboratory. We also especially thank William "Bill" Swartley, David Jones, Tom Gerow, and Susan Gale from the North Carolina Forest Service Forestry Nonpoint Source Branch for their project support, guidance, and manuscript review and Will Summer for his field and project development work for this study. Appreciation is expressed to Joe Cox from North Carolina State University and David Schnake from the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services for their partnership and cooperation in providing access to their respective forestlands to conduct this long-term study. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 17 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 114 IS 1 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.5849/jof.14-102 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DB1XZ UT WOS:000368303600005 ER PT J AU Witt, EL Barton, CD Stringer, JW Kolka, RK Cherry, MA AF Witt, Emma L. Barton, Christopher D. Stringer, Jeffrey W. Kolka, Randall K. Cherry, Mac A. TI Influence of Variable Streamside Management Zone Configurations on Water Qualily after Forest Harvest SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE headwater streams; total suspended solids; best management practices; forest harvest ID TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HEADWATER STREAMS; RIPARIAN BUFFERS; WESTERN CASCADES; SITE-PREPARATION; OREGON; IMPACTS; DENITRIFICATION; VIRGINIA AB Streamside management zones (SMZs) are a common best management practice (BMP) used to reduce water quality impacts from logging. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of varying SMZ configurations on water quality. Treatments (11, 12, and 13) that varied in SMZ width, canopy retention within the SMZ, and BMP utilization were applied at the watershed scale to two watersheds each. Watersheds with wider SMZs (13: 110 ft, 100% canopy retention) and improved crossings were not significantly different from unharvested control (C) watersheds for all parameters except nitrate and diurnal stream temperatures. Changes in total suspended solids, turbidity, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, and maximum stream temperature were detected for watersheds treated with the current recommended minimum SMZ configurations (11: 55 ft, 50% canopy retention) and watersheds with unharvested SMZs (12: 55 ft, 100% canopy retention) and improved crossings. C1 [Witt, Emma L.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Barton, Christopher D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Stringer, Jeffrey W.; Cherry, Mac A.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Witt, EL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM witt0287@umn.edu; barton@uky.edu; stringer@uky.edu; rkolka@fs.fed.us; macherry@usgs.gov FU Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station FX We express gratitude to those at Robinson Forest who contributed to the project including Matt Strong, Aaron Klee, Daniel Bowker, David Collett, Ted Sizemore, Chris Reeves, Will Marshall, and Jim Marshall. This work was supported in part by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 21 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 114 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.5849/jof.14-099 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DB1XZ UT WOS:000368303600006 ER PT J AU Andrejczyk, K Butler, BJ Tyrrell, ML Langer, J AF Andrejczyk, Kyle Butler, Brett J. Tyrrell, Mary L. Langer, Judith TI Hansel and Gretel Walk in the Forest, Landowners Walk in the Woods: A Qualitative Examination of the Language Used by Family Forest Owners SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE family forest owners; focus group interviews; interpretative phenomenological analysis; nonindustrial private forest owners; social marketing ID MANAGEMENT; MOTIVATIONS; ATTITUDES; POLICY; USA AB In 2007, a series of focus groups with family forest owners was conducted as part of a social marketing initiative with the aim of increasing conservation activities on private forestlands. Participants in the study were asked how they perceive and experience their land and how they understand certain terminology used by forestry professionals. Results show that family forest owners possess a stewardship ethic and perceive their land as a means of self-actualization. The results also provide information for forestry groups seeking to craft effective, resonant messaging in their landowner outreach efforts. By adapting to the language and meanings used by family forest owners, forestry professionals can more effectively convince family forest owners of the need to adopt scientifically sound land management practices. C1 [Andrejczyk, Kyle] Family Forest Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Butler, Brett J.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA USA. [Tyrrell, Mary L.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Langer, Judith] Langer Qualitat, Berlin, Germany. RP Andrejczyk, K (reprint author), Family Forest Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM kyle.andrejczyk@umb.edu; bbutler01@fs.fed.us; mary.tyrrell@yale.edu; judy@Langerqual.com FU USDA Forest Service; American Forest Foundation (AFF); Sustaining Family Forests Initiative FX We express our sincere gratitude to all the family forest owners who participated in this study; their insights were invaluable. Funding for the analysis presented here was provided by the USDA Forest Service, the American Forest Foundation (AFF), and other financial supporters of the Sustaining Family Forests Initiative. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 114 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.5849/jof.14-151 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DB1XZ UT WOS:000368303600007 ER PT J AU Singh, N Ramirez-Carvajal, L de los Santos, T Golding, MC Long, CR AF Singh, Neetu Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth de los Santos, Teresa Golding, Michael C. Long, Charles R. TI Inhibition of EHMT2 Induces a Robust Antiviral Response Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infections in Bovine Cells SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID G9A HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE; ALPHA-INTERFERON; PROTEIN-KINASE; METHYLATION; EXPRESSION; H3; REPLICATION; CONTRIBUTES; REPRESSION; PROMOTER AB The genetic regulatory network controlling the innate immune system is well understood in many species. However, the role of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the expression of immunoregulatory genes is less clear, especially in livestock species. Histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) is an epigenetic modification associated with transcriptional silencing within the euchromatin regions. Euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2; also known as G9a) is a crucial enzyme responsible for regulating the dynamics of this epigenetic modification. It has been shown that histone modifications play a role in regulating type I interferon (IFN) response. In the present study, we investigated the role of EHMT2 in the epigenetic regulation of bovine antiviral innate immunity and explored its therapeutic potential against viral infections. We evaluated the effects of pharmacological and RNAi-mediated inhibition of EHMT2 on the transcription of IFN- and other IFN-inducible antiviral genes, as well as its effect on foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication in bovine cells. We show that treatment of primary bovine cells with the synthetic EHMT2 inhibitor (UNC0638) either before or shortly after virus infection resulted in a significant increase in transcript levels of bovine IFN- (boIFN-; 300-fold) and other IFN-inducible genes, including IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG-15), myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx-1), Mx-2, RIG-I, 2,5-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS-1), and protein kinase R (PKR). Expression of these factors correlated with a significant decrease in VSV and FMDV viral titers. Our data confirm the involvement of EHMT2 in the epigenetic regulation of boIFN- and demonstrate the activation of a general antiviral state after EHMT2 inhibition. C1 [Singh, Neetu; Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth; Golding, Michael C.; Long, Charles R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth] Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [de los Santos, Teresa] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY USA. RP Singh, N (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, 332 VMA, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM nsingh@cvm.tamu.edu; clong@cvm.tamu.edu OI GOLDING, MICHAEL/0000-0003-1631-2175 FU Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Postdoc Trainee Research Grant, Texas Agrilife Exceptional Research Pilot Programs; [NIH-OD 8R240D011188-02] FX This research was supported by the Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Postdoc Trainee Research Grant, Texas Agrilife Exceptional Research Pilot Programs. N.S. was partially funded through NIH-OD 8R240D011188-02. We thank Luis L. Rodriguez for his supervision and assistance in conducting experiments at Plum Island Animal Disease Center. We would also like to thank Kylee Veazey, Mike Peoples, and Daria Muller for technical assistance. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1079-9907 EI 1557-7465 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1089/jir.2015.0006 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA DA7WD UT WOS:000368014900005 PM 26418342 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Evans, JD AF Huang, Qiang Evans, Jay D. TI Identification of microRNA-like small RNAs from fungal parasite Nosema ceranae SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MicroRNA; Microsporidian; Honey bee; Parasite ID RESPONSES AB We previously found transcripts encoding Dicer and Argonaute which are involved in the production of microRNAs, in the honey bee parasite Nosema ceranae. In order to identify microRNAs in N. ceranae, we sequenced small RNAs from midgut tissues of infected honey bees at 24 h intervals for 6 days post infection, covering the complete reproduction cycle for this intracellular parasite. We predicted six microRNA-like small RNAs, all of which were confirmed via RT-qPCR assays. This is the first evidence for microRNA-like small RNAs generated by a microsporidian species, providing new insights into host-parasite interactions involving this widespread taxonomic group. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Huang, Qiang; Evans, Jay D.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, BARC East Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM qiang-huang@live.com; Jay.Evans@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 133 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2015.12.005 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DB2CZ UT WOS:000368317200015 PM 26678507 ER PT J AU Dugan, FM Lupien, SL Osuagwu, AN Uyoh, EA Okpako, E Kisha, T AF Dugan, Frank M. Lupien, Shari L. Osuagwu, Ann N. Uyoh, Edak A. Okpako, Elza Kisha, Ted TI New Records of Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Seeds of Tetrapleura tetraptera from Nigeria and Fruit of Cocos nucifera From Mexico SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aridan fruit; coconut fruit; Cocos nucifera; Lasiodiplodia theobromae; Tetrapleura tetraptera ID SPECIATION AB The cosmopolitan warm-climate plant pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae was isolated from two sources: Seeds of Tetrapleura tetraptera from Nigeria and fruits of Cocos nucifera from Mexico; the former instance is novel for host, the latter a novel geographic record for infection of coconut fruits. Per cent germination of T. tetraptera seeds was negatively and significantly correlated with per cent infection by the fungus. Repeated tests with isolates from both coconut and Tetrapleura confirmed pathogenicity of all tested isolates to coconut fruit. C1 [Dugan, Frank M.; Lupien, Shari L.; Kisha, Ted] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Osuagwu, Ann N.; Uyoh, Edak A.; Okpako, Elza] Univ Calabar, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, Calabar, Nigeria. RP Dugan, FM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM fdugan@wsu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-1785 EI 1439-0434 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 164 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1111/jph.12384 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DA5IG UT WOS:000367836100009 ER PT J AU Malik, VS AF Malik, Vedpal Singh TI RNA sequencing as a tool for understanding biological complexity of abiotic stress in plants SO JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEQ ANALYSIS C1 [Malik, Vedpal Singh] USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Malik, VS (reprint author), USDA, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM vedpalm@gmail.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001, INDIA SN 0971-7811 EI 0974-1275 J9 J PLANT BIOCHEM BIOT JI J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s13562-015-0326-6 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA DA8FM UT WOS:000368040500001 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S AF Goldberg, Sabine TI A comment on "Selenite adsorption and desorption in main Chinese soils with their characteristics and physicochemical properties." J Soils Sediments 15(5):1150-1158 (2015), doi:10.1007/s11368-015-1085-7 SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Letter ID ALLUVIAL SOILS C1 [Goldberg, Sabine] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 EI 1614-7480 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD JAN PY 2016 VL 16 IS 1 BP 324 EP 324 DI 10.1007/s11368-015-1280-6 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA DA6DU UT WOS:000367893100030 ER PT J AU Tworkoski, T Fazio, G AF Tworkoski, T. Fazio, G. TI Hormone and growth interactions of scions and size-controlling rootstocks of young apple trees SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE Dwarf fruit trees; Abscisic acid; Auxin; Cytokinin; Gibberellin; Root-shoot communication; Graft union ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABSCISIC-ACID; ROOTSTOCK/INTERSTOCK COMBINATIONS; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; GIBBERELLIN; AUXIN; SHOOTS; XYLEM; ROOT; SAP AB Size-controlling rootstocks are critical to grow small, efficient trees that enable early and high yield in plantings of apple. Improved knowledge of rootstock-related size-control processes is important for breeding and cultural practices. The research objective was to determine hormone profiles within trees grafted on Malling rootstocks. Buds from 'Gala', 'Fuji', M.7, M.9, M.27, and MM.111 were grafted to rootstocks M.7, M.9, M.27, and MM.111 and then grown in a greenhouse and the field. After 2 years, heights of trees grafted to growth-controlling rootstocks decreased in the order M.9 > M.7 > MM.111 in the greenhouse, the reverse trend that was measured in the field. Although soil resources were not measured, ample availability of resources such as water and mineral nutrients in the greenhouse may have been responsible for the reversal of rootstock effects on tree height in greenhouse and field. Elevated abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA metabolites were associated with 'Gala', MM.111 and M.9 scion that were grafted on M.9 rootstocks. Abscisic acid and abscisic acid glucose ester were generally greater in root, rootstock stem below the graft union, scion above the graft, and xylem exudate of rootstock M.9 than MM.111. Reduced gibberellin (GA(19)) was found in roots and xylem exudate of 'Gala' grafted to M.9 than MM.111 rootstocks. These results support the hypothesis that hormone signals from rootstocks control tree growth but it is likely that stage of development, time after planting, and environmental resources will also interact to influence growth effects of size-controlling rootstocks. It is proposed that gene expression associated with hormone metabolism can be developed to further understand the underpinnings of size-controlling rootstocks and assist the selection of rootstocks for size control and, possibly, for other hormone-related characteristics. C1 [Tworkoski, T.] USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Fazio, G.] Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Tworkoski, T (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tom.tworkoski@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 17 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 EI 1573-5087 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 78 IS 1 BP 105 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s10725-015-0078-2 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DA9ZL UT WOS:000368168200010 ER PT J AU Gehesquiere, B Crouch, JA Marra, RE Van Poucke, K Rys, F Maes, M Gobin, B Hofte, M Heungens, K AF Gehesquiere, B. Crouch, J. A. Marra, R. E. Van Poucke, K. Rys, F. Maes, M. Gobin, B. Hofte, M. Heungens, K. TI Characterization and taxonomic reassessment of the box blight pathogen Calonectria pseudonaviculata, introducing Calonectria henricotiae sp nov. SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cylindrocladium buxiola; diagnostics; fungicides; thermotolerance ID PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES RECOGNITION; CYLINDROCLADIUM-BUXICOLA; GENEALOGICAL APPROACH; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PRIMER SETS; BUXUS SPP.; 1ST REPORT; DISEASE; SUBSTITUTIONS AB Calonectria pseudonaviculata, the causal agent of the disease of Buxus spp. known as 'box blight', was first detected in the mid-1990s in the UK and New Zealand. Since then, the geographic range of box blight has rapidly expanded to at least 21 countries throughout temperate regions of the world, causing significant losses in nurseries, gardens and wild boxwood populations. This study determined the genetic diversity in a collection of 234 Calonectria isolates from diseased Buxus plants, originating from 15 countries and four continents. Two genetic clades, G1 and G2, were identified within this sample using multilocus phylogenetic analysis. The application of genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition criteria using four independent nuclear loci determined that the Calonectria isolates in these two clades are separate phylogenetic species. The isolates in the G1 clade were upheld as C. pseudonaviculata sensu stricto. Based on phylogenetic distinctiveness and the lack of mating, a new species is proposed, Calonectria henricotiae sp. nov., for the Calonectria isolates in the G2 clade. A PCR-RFLP assay and real-time PCR assays were developed to easily and reproducibly differentiate these species. To assess the practical implications of the identification of the two species, their physiology, fungicide susceptibility and pathogenicity were compared. No differences in pathogenicity were observed. However, C. henricotiae isolates exhibited greater thermotolerance and reduced sensitivity to specific triazole as well as strobilurin fungicides. The identification of a second phylogenetic species causing box blight may have a substantial impact on the epidemiology and control of this destructive disease. C1 [Gehesquiere, B.; Van Poucke, K.; Maes, M.; Heungens, K.] Inst Agr & Fisheries Res ILVO, Plant Sci Unit, Crop Protect, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Gehesquiere, B.; Rys, F.; Gobin, B.] Res Ctr Ornamental Plants PCS, B-9070 Destelbergen, Belgium. [Gehesquiere, B.; Hofte, M.] Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Dept Crop Protect, Lab Phytopathol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Crouch, J. A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Marra, R. E.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Ecol, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Heungens, K (reprint author), Inst Agr & Fisheries Res ILVO, Plant Sci Unit, Crop Protect, Burg Van Gansberghelaan 96 Bus 2, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM kurt.heungens@ilvo.vlaanderen.be OI Crouch, Jo Anne/0000-0001-6886-8090 FU Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT, Flanders, Belgium) [080519]; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), USDA-APHIS Farm Bill, USDA-ARS Floriculture; Nursery Research Initiative FX This research was financed via project 080519 of the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT, Flanders, Belgium), including the members of the guidance committee, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), USDA-APHIS Farm Bill, USDA-ARS Floriculture and the Nursery Research Initiative. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by any of the engaged research institutes, which are equal opportunity providers and employers. The authors thank U. Brielmaier-Liebetanz, T. Cech, H. T. Dogmus, R. Engesser, M. Ganci, P. Gannibal, B. Henricot, M. Heupel, W. Ho, T. Hollinger, T. Hsiang, S. Inghelbrecht, K. Ivors, A. Van Kuik, M. Mirabolfathy, A. Perez Sierra, K. Rosendahl-Peeters, M. Saracchi, C. Saurat, M. Vincent, S. Werres and M. Zerjav for providing isolates. They also thank M. Malapi- Wight for preparation of microscopic images, A. Haegeman for help with phylogenetic analyses, M. Ammirata, S. D'Haeyer and R. Drieghe for technical support and M. Levenson for English language editing. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-0862 EI 1365-3059 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 65 IS 1 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1111/ppa.12401 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA DA7AI UT WOS:000367956600004 ER PT J AU Bufalo, J Cantrell, CL Jacob, MR Schrader, KK Tekwani, BL Kustova, TS Ali, A Boaro, CSF AF Bufalo, Jennifer Cantrell, Charles L. Jacob, Melissa R. Schrader, Kevin K. Tekwani, Babu L. Kustova, Tatyana S. Ali, Abbas Boaro, Carmen S. F. TI Antimicrobial and Antileishmanial Activities of Diterpenoids Isolated from the Roots of Salvia deserta SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Salvia deserta; Lamiaceae; diterpenoid; leishmania; antimicrobial activity; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus iniae ID FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE; ABIETANE DITERPENOIDS; TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM; CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO; CONSTITUENTS; TRITERPENOIDS; TANSHINONES; INHIBITORS; PLANT AB Four diterpenes with biological activity were isolated from Salvia deserta roots. Taxodione was considered leishmanicidal with an IC50 value of 1.46 mu M (0.46 mg/L) against Leishmania donovani and also exhibited antifungal and antimicrobial activities. Ferruginol displayed the greatest activity [24-h IC50 of 4.5 mu M (1.29 mg/L)] against the fish pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus iniae. The crude extract fraction that contained the isolated compounds 7-O-acetylhorminone and horminone showed stronger in vitro antibacterial activity (1.3 mg/L for Staphylococcus aureus and 1.1 mg/L for methicillin-resistant S. aureus) than the compounds tested alone. 7-O-Acetylhorminone and horminone exhibited a synergistic effect against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (FIC of 0.2), and horminone had better activity against S. aureus with respect to other compounds isolated from S. deserta roots. In larvicidal bioassays, these extracts and isolated pure compounds did not show any activity at the highest dose of 125 mg/L against 1-d-old Aedes aegypti larvae. C1 [Bufalo, Jennifer; Boaro, Carmen S. F.] Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, IB, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Bufalo, Jennifer; Cantrell, Charles L.; Schrader, Kevin K.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. [Jacob, Melissa R.; Tekwani, Babu L.; Ali, Abbas] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tekwani, Babu L.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept BioMol Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. [Kustova, Tatyana S.] Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Timiriazeva, Kazakhstan. RP Cantrell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM charles.cantrell@ars.usda.gov FU NIH, NIAID, Division of AIDS [AI 27094]; U.S. Department of Defense Investigator Initiated CDMRP grant [W81XWH-09-2-0093]; USDA Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement [58-6408-2-0009]; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES - PDSE) [4873-13]; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) FX The authors thank Ms. Amber Reichley, Mr. Solomon Green III, and Ms. Phaedra Page, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, for technical assistance. We also thank Ms. Marsha Wright and Mr. Surendra Jain for assitance in the in vitro antifungal, antibacterial, and antileishmanial activity assays. This work was supported by the NIH, NIAID, Division of AIDS, Grant No. AI 27094 (antifungal), U.S. Department of Defense Investigator Initiated CDMRP grant No. W81XWH-09-2-0093 (B.L.T.), and the USDA Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6408-2-0009 (antibacterial). Thanks go to Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES - PDSE Process 4873-13) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for a doctoral degree scholarship granted to J.B. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 13 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1055/s-0035-1557875 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA DA8VN UT WOS:000368084700016 PM 26308356 ER PT J AU Zhu, XW Zhong, SB Chao, SM Gu, YQ Kianian, SF Elias, E Cai, XW AF Zhu, Xianwen Zhong, Shaobin Chao, Shiaoman Gu, Yong Qiang Kianian, Shahryar F. Elias, Elias Cai, Xiwen TI Toward a better understanding of the genomic region harboring Fusarium head blight resistance QTL Qfhs.ndsu-3AS in durum wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; MAJOR QTL; IDENTIFICATION; RICE; GENE; BRACHYPODIUM; EMMER; POPULATIONS; SATURATION AB The wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides)-derived Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL) Qfhs.ndsu-3AS previously mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3A (3AS) in a population of recombinant inbred chromosome lines (RICLs). This study aimed to attain a better understanding of the genomic region harboring Qfhs.ndsu-3AS and to improve the utility of the QTL in wheat breeding. Micro-collinearity of the QTL region with rice chromosome 1 and Brachypodium chromosome 2 was identified and used for marker development in saturation mapping. A total of 42 new EST-derived sequence tagged site (STS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed and mapped to the QTL and nearby regions on 3AS. Further comparative analysis revealed a complex collinearity of the 3AS genomic region with their collinear counterparts of rice and Brachypodium. Fine mapping of the QTL region resolved five co-segregating markers (Xwgc1186/Xwgc716/Xwgc1143/Xwgc501/Xwgc1204) into three distinct loci proximal to Xgwm2, a marker previously reported to be closely linked to the QTL. Four other markers (Xwgc1226, Xwgc510, Xwgc1296, and Xwgc1301) mapped farther proximal to the above markers in the QTL region with a higher resolution. Five homozygous recombinants with shortened T. dicoccoides chromosomal segments in the QTL region were recovered by molecular marker analysis and evaluated for FHB resistance. Qfhs.ndsu-3AS was positioned to a 5.2 cM interval flanked by the marker Xwgc501 and Xwgc510. The recombinants containing Qfhs.ndsu-3AS and new markers defining the QTL will facilitate utilization of this resistance source in wheat breeding. C1 [Zhu, Xianwen; Elias, Elias; Cai, Xiwen] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Zhong, Shaobin] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Gu, Yong Qiang] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kianian, Shahryar F.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cai, XW (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM xiwen.cai@ndsu.edu FU US Department of Agriculture [59-0790-8-068] FX The authors would like to acknowledge all members in Cai's lab and Dr. Chenggen Chu for their help in this research. Also, we thank Drs. Lili Qi and Rebekah Oliver for their critical review of the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 59-0790-8-068. This is a cooperative project with the US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 129 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s00122-015-2606-x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA DA9GE UT WOS:000368116200003 PM 26385373 ER PT J AU Ali, L Deokar, A Caballo, C Tar'an, B Gil, J Chen, W Millan, T Rubio, J AF Ali, L. Deokar, A. Caballo, C. Tar'an, B. Gil, J. Chen, W. Millan, T. Rubio, J. TI Fine mapping for double podding gene in chickpea SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CICER-ARIETINUM L.; ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT RESISTANCE; DRAFT GENOME SEQUENCE; LINKAGE MAP; STMS MARKER; IDENTIFICATION; YIELD; TRAIT; IMPROVEMENT; KABULI AB Four recombinant inbred populations (RIP-1, RIP-7, RIP-11, and CPR-01) were used to map the double podding gene (sfl) in chickpea. In RIP-1, the gene was initially mapped on linkage group (LG) 6 between the two sequence-tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers TA120 and TR1. Eight new STMS markers were added onto LG6 in the target region and sfl locus was finally located between CAGM27819 and CAGM27777 markers within an interval of 2 cM. Seven out of the eight markers were mapped in RIP-7 and its reciprocal RIP-11 confirming the location of the sfl locus to a 4.8 cM interval flanked by TR44 and CAGM27705. Furthermore, using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map of CPR-01, sfl was mapped to the same genomic region in a 5.1 cM interval between TR44 and the SNP scaffold1646p97220. Five pairs of near isogenic lines (NILs) and eight recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were used to refine this region in the chickpea physical map. Combining data from linkage analysis in four RIPs, marker physical positions and recombination events obtained in both pairs of NILs and selected RILs, sfl could be placed within a genomic window of 92.6 Kb. Seven annotated genes were extracted from this region. The regulator of axillary meristem-predicted gene could be a candidate gene for the simple/double podding gene. This study provides additional set of markers flanking and tightly linked to sfl locus that are useful for marker-assisted selection. C1 [Ali, L.; Gil, J.; Millan, T.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Genet, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Deokar, A.; Tar'an, B.] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [Caballo, C.; Rubio, J.] IFAPA, Area Mejora & Biotecnol, Cordoba 14080, Spain. [Chen, W.] Washington State Univ, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Millan, T (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Genet, Campus Rabanales Ed C-5, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. EM teresa.millan@uco.es RI Millan, Teresa/L-1362-2014 OI Millan, Teresa/0000-0003-1302-1794 FU INIA [RTA2013-00025]; European Union through ERDF "Programa Operativo de Crecimiento Inteligente"; Syrian Ministry of High Education; Agriculture Development Fund of Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture; Saskatchewan Pulse Growers FX This work has been supported by the project INIA contract RTA2013-00025, co-financed by the European Union through the ERDF 2014-2020 "Programa Operativo de Crecimiento Inteligente". Ali L acknowledges PhD fellowship from Syrian Ministry of High Education. Funding for the Canadian research component was provided by the Agriculture Development Fund of the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture and by the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. The authors would like to thank Dr. F Madueno from the IBMCP (CSIC-UPV, Spain) for helpful comments. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 129 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s00122-015-2610-1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA DA9GE UT WOS:000368116200007 PM 26433827 ER PT J AU Zhang, JP Song, QJ Cregan, PB Jiang, GL AF Zhang, Jiaoping Song, Qijian Cregan, Perry B. Jiang, Guo-Liang TI Genome-wide association study, genomic prediction and marker-assisted selection for seed weight in soybean (Glycine max) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; RIDGE-REGRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS; SIZE; MAIZE; ACCURACY; GERMINATION; RESISTANCE; POPULATION; GROWTH AB Soybean (Glycine max) is a major crop for plant protein and oil production, and seed weight (SW) is important for yield and quality in food/vegetable uses of soybean. However, our knowledge of genes controlling SW remains limited. To better understand the molecular mechanism underlying the trait and explore marker-based breeding approaches, we conducted a genome-wide association study in a population of 309 soybean germplasm accessions using 31,045 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and estimated the prediction accuracy of genomic selection (GS) and marker-assisted selection (MAS) for SW. Twenty-two loci of minor effect associated with SW were identified, including hotspots on Gm04 and Gm19. The mixed model containing these loci explained 83.4 % of phenotypic variation. Candidate genes with Arabidopsis orthologs conditioning SW were also proposed. The prediction accuracies of GS and MAS by cross-validation were 0.75-0.87 and 0.62-0.75, respectively, depending on the number of SNPs used and the size of training population. GS also outperformed MAS when the validation was performed using unrelated panels across a wide range of maturities, with an average prediction accuracy of 0.74 versus 0.53. This study convincingly demonstrated that soybean SW is controlled by numerous minor-effect loci. It greatly enhances our understanding of the genetic basis of SW in soybean and facilitates the identification of genes controlling the trait. It also suggests that GS holds promise for accelerating soybean breeding progress. The results are helpful for genetic improvement and genomic prediction of yield in soybean. C1 [Zhang, Jiaoping] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Song, Qijian; Cregan, Perry B.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jiang, Guo-Liang] Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. RP Jiang, GL (reprint author), Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Carter G Woodson Ave,POB 9061, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. EM gjiang@vsu.edu FU USDA-NIFA/CSREES Hatch project; South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council; United Soybean Board; South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; Virginia State University Agricultural Research Station FX This research was supported in part by the USDA-NIFA/CSREES Hatch project, the grants of the South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council and the United Soybean Board awarded to G.-L. Jiang. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, and Virginia State University Agricultural Research Station also provided support in completion of the research and manuscript. The authors thank Dr. Randall Nelson, the curator of the USDA-ARS Germplasm Collection, for providing germplasm accessions, Dr. Jixiang Wu, South Dakota State University, for assistance in statistical analyses, and Dr. Richard Joost, the United Soybean Board, for reviewing the manuscript. The authors are also grateful to Xianzhi Wang, Siddhi Bhusal, Mukhtar Agoub, Nicholas Hall, Marci Green and Sivananda Tirumalaraju for assistance in field experiments. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 129 IS 1 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s00122-015-2614-x PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA DA9GE UT WOS:000368116200011 PM 26518570 ER PT J AU Mound, L Nakahara, S Tsuda, DM AF Mound, Laurence Nakahara, Sueo Tsuda, Dick M. TI Thysanoptera-Terebrantia of the Hawaiian Islands: an identification manual SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Thysanoptera; Terebrantia; identification keys; Hawaiian Islands; endemics; adventives ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; AMERICAN BEAN THRIPS; HELIOTHRIPS-HAEMORRHOIDALIS; GENUS THYSANOPTERA; AUSTRALIA; SCIRTOTHRIPS; FRANKLINIELLA; EUROPE; PEST; ASIA AB An illustrated identification system is presented to 99 species and 49 genera in three families recorded from the Hawaiian Islands in the Thysanoptera suborder Terebrantia. Only seven (possibly eight) of these species are considered endemic, the remainder being adventive to these islands. The only previous study of Hawaiian Thysanoptera, by Zimmerman in 1948, included 47 Terebrantia species in 21 genera. C1 [Mound, Laurence] CSIRO, Australian Natl Insect Collect, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Nakahara, Sueo] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Tsuda, Dick M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Entomol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Mound, L (reprint author), CSIRO, Australian Natl Insect Collect, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM laurence.mound@csiro.au RI Mound, Laurence/A-3967-2009 NR 113 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2016 IS 549 BP 71 EP 126 DI 10.3897/zookeys.549.6889 PG 56 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DA5YN UT WOS:000367878600005 PM 26843832 ER PT J AU Kavetskiy, A Yakubova, G Prior, SA Torbert, HA AF Kavetskiy, Aleksandr Yakubova, Galina Prior, Stephen A. Torbert, H. Allen TI "Hot background" of the mobile inelastic neutron scattering system for soil carbon analysis SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Neutron activation; Hot background; Neutron generator; Soil carbon analysis; Radioisotopes Al-28, Mn-56, Mg-27, Na-24, N-16 AB The problem of gamma spectrum peak identification arises when conducting soil carbon analysis using the inelastic neutron scattering (INS) system. Some spectral peaks could be associated with radioisotopes appearing due to neutron activation of both the measurement system and soil samples. The investigation of "hot background" gamma spectra from the construction materials, whole measurement system, and soil samples over time showed that activation of Al-28 isotope can contribute noticeable additions to the soil neutron stimulated gamma spectra. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kavetskiy, Aleksandr; Yakubova, Galina; Prior, Stephen A.; Torbert, H. Allen] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yakubova, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 South Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM galina.yakubova@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 107 BP 299 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.012 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CZ9IC UT WOS:000367410300048 PM 26595773 ER PT J AU Welker, T Barrows, F Overturf, K Gaylord, G Sealey, W AF Welker, T. Barrows, F. Overturf, K. Gaylord, G. Sealey, W. TI Optimizing zinc supplementation levels of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed practical type fishmeal- and plant-based diets SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE deficiency; fishmeal; growth; plant based; rainbow trout; zinc ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENTS; DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; CHELATED TRACE-ELEMENTS; PROTEIN-CONCENTRATE; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; FEED INGREDIENTS; MINERAL-CONTENT AB Rainbow trout (23.1 +/- 0.4g) were fed either a fishmeal- or plant-based diet supplemented with various levels of zinc (0, 15, 30, 60 or 120mgkg(-1)) for 12weeks. Trout fed the fishmeal diet had significantly higher weight gain than with the plant-based diet. Zinc supplementation in the fishmeal diet had no effect on growth performance, suggesting that additional dietary supplementation of zinc is not required. However, in trout fed the plant-based diet, growth increased significantly up to 30mgkg(-1) zinc after which growth was not affected. Trout fed the plant-based diet containing no zinc exhibited severe growth retardation, and in fish fed the 0 and 15mgkg(-1) zinc diets, cataracts were present. Use of broken-line quadratic modelling suggests that dietary supplementation of zinc needed to prevent deficiency and promote adequate growth in rainbow trout fed the plant-based diet in this study was 30.1mgkg(-1) (80mgkg(-1) total dietary zinc). This is higher than the NRC (2011, Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp) dietary recommended level of 15mgkg(-1) for rainbow trout. Following the NRC recommendation could lead to zinc deficiency in rainbow trout fed a plant-based diet. C1 [Welker, T.; Overturf, K.] USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Barrows, F.] USDA ARS, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Gaylord, G.] USFWS, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Welker, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM thomas.welker@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Trout-Grains Project [5366-21310-003-00D] FX We wish to thank ARS technicians Michael Becerra, Karen Frank, Lorrie Van Tassel and Jason Frost and University of Idaho personnel for their assistance with this study. This study was funded by the USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Trout-Grains Project, no. 5366-21310-003-00D. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1353-5773 EI 1365-2095 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 1 BP 91 EP 108 DI 10.1111/anu.12232 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DA5OV UT WOS:000367853300009 ER PT J AU Betiku, OC Barrows, FT Ross, C Sealey, WM AF Betiku, O. C. Barrows, F. T. Ross, C. Sealey, W. M. TI The effect of total replacement of fish oil with DHA-Gold((R)) and plant oils on growth and fillet quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a plant-based diet SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; docosahexaenoic acid; fatty acids; fish oil; plant oil; rainbow trout ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; BETA-OXIDATION CAPACITY; VEGETABLE-OILS; FINISHING DIET; JUVENILE COBIA; PROTEIN DIETS; LIPID SOURCES; SUPPLEMENTATION; DIGESTIBILITY; FEEDS AB This study investigated the effect of the replacement of fish oil (FO) with DHA-Gold (DHA-G)-supplemented plant oils (PO) in rainbow trout fed plant-protein-based diets. Five diets (450 mg g(-1) digestible protein and 150 mg g(-1) crude lipid) were fed to rainbow trout (initial weight 37 +/- 0.5g) for 12weeks in a 15 degrees C recirculating water system. The lipid inclusion types and levels were FO, PO and PO with DHA-G supplemented at 30 mg g(-1), 60 mg g(-1) or 90 mg g(-1) of the diet replacement for corn oil. Fish fed 90 mg g(-1) DHA-G were significantly larger and consumed more feed than fish-fed PO or FO (218g and 2.6% bwd(-1) versus 181g and 2.4% and 190g and 2.3%, respectively). Feed conversion ratio was significantly increased in fish fed 90 mg g(-1) DHA-G (0.99) as compared to fish-fed FO (0.90) and 30 mg g(-1) DHA-G (0.91). Panellists found trout fillets from fish fed the 90 mg g(-1) DHA-G diet to have significantly fishier aroma and flavour than fish fed the FO diet. Fatty acid analysis demonstrated that 60 mg g(-1) or 90 mg g(-1) DHA-G supplementation increased PO fed fish fillet DHA to fatty acid levels equivalent or higher than those fish fed a FO diet. C1 [Betiku, O. C.; Sealey, W. M.] USFWS, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Barrows, F. T.] USDA ARS, Trout Grains Project, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Ross, C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), USFWS, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM wendy_sealey@fws.gov RI User, Test/G-7821-2015 FU African Women in Agricultural Research and Development (AWARD); TwoxSea Inc. FX OC Betiku gratefully thanks African Women in Agricultural Research and Development (AWARD) and William Foss (TwoxSea Inc.) for financial support. The authors also wish to acknowledge the assistance of Prof. Boles and Prof. Dratz of Montana State University in shear force and fatty acids analysis, respectively, and Jesse Peach and Jesse Thomas for technical assistance on fatty acid analysis. The authors also thank Jason Frost and Andy Lybeck for their assistance with diet manufacturing, Matt Toner, Cal Fraser, Jason Ilgen, Christopher Hooley and Blake Hauptman for their assistance in fish culture and sampling, and Aaron Nistler, Eli Cureton and T. Gibson Gaylord for their assistance with laboratory analyses. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1353-5773 EI 1365-2095 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 1 BP 158 EP 169 DI 10.1111/anu.12234 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DA5OV UT WOS:000367853300014 ER PT J AU Cooper, B Campbell, KB Garrett, WM AF Cooper, Bret Campbell, Kimberly B. Garrett, Wesley M. TI Expression of a synthetic rust fungal virus cDNA in yeast SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; ASIAN SOYBEAN RUST; POL FUSION PROTEIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; L-A; PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; GAG-POL; UROMYCES-APPENDICULATUS; SELF-PROTECTION; VIRAL-RNA AB Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. Recently, mycovirus-like RNAs were sequenced from the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of soybean rust. One of the RNAs appeared to represent a novel mycovirus and was designated Phakopsora pachyrhizi virus 2383 (PpV2383). The genome of PpV2383 resembles Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A, a double-stranded (ds) RNA mycovirus of yeast. PpV2383 encodes two major, overlapping open reading frames with similarity to gag (capsid protein) and pol (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), and a -1 ribosomal frameshift is necessary for the translation of a gag-pol fusion protein. Phylogenetic analysis of pol relates PpV2383 to members of the family Totiviridae, including L-A. Because the obligate biotrophic nature of P. pachyrhizi makes it genetically intractable for in vivo analysis and because PpV2383 is similar to L-A, we synthesized a DNA clone of PpV2383 and tested its infectivity in yeast cells. PpV2383 RNA was successfully expressed in yeast, and mass spectrometry confirmed the translation of gag and gag-pol fusion proteins. There was, however, no production of PpV2383 dsRNA, the evidence of viral replication. Neither the presence of endogenous L-A nor the substitution of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions with those from L-A was sufficient to rescue replication of PpV2383. Nevertheless, the proof of transcription and translation from the clone in vivo are steps toward confirming that PpV2383 is a mycovirus. Further development of a surrogate biological system for the study of rust mycoviruses is necessary, and such research may facilitate biological control of rust diseases. C1 [Cooper, Bret; Campbell, Kimberly B.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Garrett, Wesley M.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bret.cooper@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX We thank Dr. Reed Wickner at the National Institutes of Health for providing biological materials and helpful advice. This research was funded entirely by the USDA-ARS. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 9 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 EI 1432-8798 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 161 IS 1 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s00705-015-2639-0 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA DA2DM UT WOS:000367605500012 PM 26497180 ER PT J AU Ju, HY El-Mashad, HM Fang, XM Pan, ZL Xiao, HW Liu, YH Gao, ZJ AF Ju, Hao-Yu El-Mashad, Hamed M. Fang, Xiao-Ming Pan, Zhongli Xiao, Hong-Wei Liu, Yan-Hong Gao, Zhen-Jiang TI Drying characteristics and modeling of yam slices under different relative humidity conditions SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bi-Di correlation; drying characteristic; relative humidity; yam slice ID BI-DI CORRELATION; PRODUCT QUALITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; MASS-TRANSFER; SEEDLESS GRAPES; FOOD-PRODUCTS; COLOR-CHANGE; KINETICS; PRETREATMENT; DRYER AB The drying characteristics of yam slices under different constant relative humidity (RH) and step-down RH levels were studied. A mass transfer model was developed based on Bi-Di correlations containing a drying coefficient and a lag factor to describe the drying process. It was validated using experimental data. Results showed that the drying air with constant RH levels of 20, 30, and 40%, temperature of 60 degrees C, and air velocity of 1.5m/s had an insignificant effect on drying time. This phenomenon was likely attributed to the fact that higher RH led to a rapid increase in sample's temperature. The higher sample temperature could provide an additional driving force to water diffusion and thereby promote the moisture movement, which could minimize the negative effect of lower the drying rate in the initial drying stage. Applying air with 40% RH for 15min in the initial stage achieved the desired color and reduced the drying time by 25% compared to the drying time under continuous dehumidification from an initial RH of 40%. Using the developed Bi-Di correlation, the estimated Biot number, effective moisture diffusivity, and mass transfer coefficient ranged from 0.1024 to 0.1182, 1.1133x10(-10) to 8.8144x10(-9)m(2)/s, and 1.8992x10(-9) to 1.7364x10(-7)m/s, respectively. A rather high correlation coefficient of determination (R-2 between 0.9871 and 0.9971) was determined between the experimental and predicted moisture contents. The present findings contribute to a better understanding of the effect of relative humidity on drying characteristics. The developed Bi-Di correlation provided a new method to determine the effective diffusivity of moisture in drying. C1 [Ju, Hao-Yu; Fang, Xiao-Ming; Xiao, Hong-Wei; Liu, Yan-Hong; Gao, Zhen-Jiang] China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [El-Mashad, Hamed M.; Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [El-Mashad, Hamed M.] Mansoura Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Mansoura, Egypt. [Fang, Xiao-Ming] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Bee Res Inst, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Pan, Zhongli] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Xiao, HW (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, POB 194,17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM xhwcaugxy@163.com FU National Science Foundation of China [31201436]; Chinese Universities Scientific Fund [2012QJ117]; Project in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 31201436), the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (No. 2012QJ117), and the Project in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-3937 EI 1532-2300 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 2016 VL 34 IS 3 BP 296 EP 306 DI 10.1080/07373937.2015.1052082 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA DA2DW UT WOS:000367606500006 ER PT J AU Butler, MA Dahlen, J Daniels, RF Eberhardt, TL Antony, F AF Butler, Mark Alexander Dahlen, Joseph Daniels, Richard F. Eberhardt, Thomas L. Antony, Finto TI Bending strength and stiffness of loblolly pine lumber from intensively managed stands located on the Georgia Lower Coastal Plain SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID X 4 LUMBER; FLEXURAL PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; REGIONAL-VARIATION; PLANTATIONS; ELASTICITY; MODULUS; GRAVITY; AGE AB Loblolly pine is increasingly grown on intensively managed plantation forests that yield excellent growth; however, lumber cut from these trees often contains a large percentage of juvenile wood which negatively impacts strength and stiffness. Because of changing forest management and mill practices the design values for visually graded southern pine were updated in 2013 to more accurately account for the material properties available in commerce. This study was undertaken to assess the bending strength and stiffness of loblolly pine lumber from intensively managed stands located on the Georgia Lower Coastal Plain. Eight hundred and forty-one pieces of lumber sawn from 93 trees age 24-33 years were tested in four-point bending according to ASTM International standards. The No. 1 grade MOE15 (11.9 GPa) was greater than the current (11.0 GPa) design value and comparable to the previous (11.7 GPa) design value. The No. 2 grade MOE15 (10.6 GPa) was greater than the current (9.7 GPa) design value but slightly less than the previous (11.0 GPa) design values. The No. 3 grade MOE15 (9.3 GPa) was between the current (9.0 GPa) design value and the previous (9.7 GPa) design value. Altogether, these results point to the MOE15 mean values being reasonably comparable to the previous design values and currently meeting or exceeding the current design values for visually graded southern pine lumber. C1 [Butler, Mark Alexander; Dahlen, Joseph; Daniels, Richard F.; Antony, Finto] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resource, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Eberhardt, Thomas L.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Dahlen, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resource, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jdahlen@uga.edu FU Plum Creek Timber Company; National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for Advanced Forest Systems (CAFS); Wood Quality Consortium (WQC) at the University of Georgia; NSF CAFS; WQC FX This research was possible through support from Plum Creek Timber Company, the National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for Advanced Forest Systems (CAFS) and the Wood Quality Consortium (WQC) at the University of Georgia. The authors wish to thank Plum Creek Timber Company, NSF CAFS, and the WQC for funding this project. We also gratefully acknowledge Varn Wood Products LLC. who processed the logs into structural lumber in their sawmill. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 EI 1436-736X J9 EUR J WOOD WOOD PROD JI Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 74 IS 1 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1007/s00107-015-0956-3 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA DA0WW UT WOS:000367519300013 ER PT J AU Zhou, HF Zhu, JY Gleisner, R Qiu, XQ Horn, E Negron, J AF Zhou, Haifeng Zhu, J. Y. Gleisner, Roland Qiu, Xueqing Horn, Eric Negron, Jose TI Pilot-scale demonstration of SPORL for bioconversion of lodgepole pine to bioethanol and lignosulfonate SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE biofuel; enzymatic saccharification/hydrolysis; forest biorefinery; high solids fermentation; lignosulfonate; process scale-up ID ENHANCE ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; CELLULOSIC ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; OVERCOME RECALCITRANCE; SULFITE PRETREATMENT; BIOMASS PRETREATMENT; DILUTE-ACID; HIGH-TITER; FERMENTATION; LIGNIN AB The process sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL) has been the focus of this study. Pilot-scale (50 kg) pretreatment of wood chips of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) killed by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) were conducted at 165 degrees C with a dilute sulfite solution of pH 2 for bioconversion to ethanol and lignosulfonate (LS). The pretreatment duration was optimized in laboratory bench scale experiments with a certain severity based on a combined hydrolysis factor (CHF). The sodium bisulfite loading was 8% and the liquor to wood ratio 3. The pretreated solids were disk milled together with the spent liquid and the resultant slurry with a 25% solids content was directly (without detoxification) submitted to a simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae YRH400 at cellulase loading of 35 ml kg(-1) of untreated wood. At solids loading of 20%, the alcohol yield was 288 l t(-1) wood (with a final concentration of 52.2 g l(-1)), which corresponds to a 72.0% theoretical yield based on total glucan, mannan, and xylan. The LS from SPORL was highly sulfonated and its molecular weight was lower than that of a purified commercial softwood LS, and therefore it has a high potential as a directly marketable co-product. C1 [Zhou, Haifeng; Zhu, J. Y.; Gleisner, Roland] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Zhou, Haifeng; Qiu, Xueqing] S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Horn, Eric] BioPulping Int Inc, Madison, WI USA. [Negron, Jose] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us FU USDA Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase II project [2010-33610-21589]; International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP) [2013DFA41670] FX This work was supported by a USDA Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase II project (Contract Number: 2010-33610-21589) to Biopulping International, Inc., Madison, WI, USA and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP):2013DFA41670. The funding from these programs made the visiting appointment of Zhou at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) possible. We would like to acknowledge Novozymes North America for providing the cellulase enzymes; Dr. Jerry Gargulak of LignoTech for providing us the D-748 Lignosulfonate, Fred Matt for conducting carbohydrate measurements, and Linda Lorenz for assisting GPC measurements of lignosulfonate, and Kolby Hirth for ICP analysis of sulfur. This work was conducted on official government time of Zhu, Gleisner, and Negron while Zhou was a visiting student at the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 EI 1437-434X J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1515/hf-2014-0332 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA DA5DL UT WOS:000367822500003 ER PT J AU Pelaez-Samaniego, MR Yadama, V Garcia-Perez, M Lowell, E Zhu, R Englund, K AF Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel R. Yadama, Vikram Garcia-Perez, Manuel Lowell, Eini Zhu, Rui Englund, Karl TI Interrelationship between lignin-rich dichloromethane extracts of hot water-treated wood fibers and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in wood plastic composite (WPC) production SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE high-density polyethylene (HDPE); hot water extraction (HWE); lignin; rheology; wood plastic composites (WPC) ID POLYMER BLENDS; RHEOLOGY; PRETREATMENT AB Hot water extraction (HWE) partially removes hemicelluloses from wood while leaving the majority of the lignin and cellulose; however, the lignin partially migrates to the inner surfaces of the cell wall where it can be deposited as a layer that is sometimes visible as droplets. This lignin-rich material was isolated via Soxhlet extraction with dichloromethane to investigate its rheological behavior in blends with high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a common material in wood plastic composites (WPCs). Pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and electrospray ion mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) confirmed that the isolated material is constituted mainly of low-molecular-weight lignin oligomers. The blends of HDPE/isolated lignin, in varying ratios, were tested by means of dynamic rheology. A "shoulder" was found in plots "shear storage moduli (G') vs. frequency sweep" and a shift of the terminal zone to lower frequencies was observed. Apparently, this shoulder is caused by the elastic contribution of the interfacial tension between the blend components. The rheology of WPCs produced from HWE wood and HDPE shows a similar shoulder in G' plots, suggesting that the HDPE/lignin blends are in part responsible for the shape of the G' curves. C1 [Yadama, Vikram] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Yadama, Vikram; Zhu, Rui; Englund, Karl] Washington State Univ, Composite Mat & Engn Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel R.; Garcia-Perez, Manuel] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel R.] Univ Cuenca, Fac Chem Sci, Cuenca, Ecuador. [Lowell, Eini] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. RP Yadama, V (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM vyadama@wsu.edu OI Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel Raul/0000-0002-7618-9474 FU USDA Forest Service Research and Development Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts [09-JV-11261975-028]; Fulbright Faculty Development Program Scholarship FX The authors acknowledge the support of the USDA Forest Service Research and Development Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts 2009 Grant Program (Agreement No. 09-JV-11261975-028). M.R. Pelaez-Samaniego acknowledges the Fulbright Faculty Development Program Scholarship. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 EI 1437-434X J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1515/hf-2014-0309 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA DA5DL UT WOS:000367822500004 ER PT J AU Ottmar, RD Hiers, JK Butler, BW Clements, CB Dickinson, MB Hudak, AT O'Brien, JJ Potter, BE Rowell, EM Strand, TM Zajkowski, TJ AF Ottmar, Roger D. Hiers, J. Kevin Butler, Bret W. Clements, Craig B. Dickinson, Matthew B. Hudak, Andrew T. O'Brien, Joseph J. Potter, Brian E. Rowell, Eric M. Strand, Tara M. Zajkowski, Thomas J. TI Measurements, datasets and preliminary results from the RxCADRE project-2008, 2011 and 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire behaviour; fire effects; fire model evaluation; fire weather; fuel; remote-piloted aircraft system; smoke ID FIRE EMISSIONS; CARBON AB The lack of independent, quality-assured field data prevents scientists from effectively evaluating and advancing wildland fire models. To rectify this, scientists and technicians convened in the south-eastern United States in 2008, 2011 and 2012 to collect wildland fire data in six integrated core science disciplines defined by the fire modelling community. These were fuels, meteorology, fire behaviour, energy, smoke emissions and fire effects. The campaign is known as the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) and sampled 14 forest and 14 non-forest sample units associated within 6 small replicate (<10ha) and 10 large operational (between 10 and 1000ha) prescribed fires. Precampaign planning included identifying hosting agencies receptive to research and the development of study, logistics and safety plans. Data were quality-assured, reduced, analysed and formatted and placed into a globally accessible repository maintained by the US Forest Service Research Data Archive. The success of the RxCADRE project led to the commencement of a follow-on larger multiagency project called the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE). This overview summarises the RxCADRE project and nine companion papers that describe the data collection, analysis and important conclusions from the six science disciplines. C1 [Ottmar, Roger D.; Potter, Brian E.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] Univ South, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. [Butler, Bret W.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Clements, Craig B.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, Fire Weather Res Lab, San Jose, CA 95912 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83833 USA. [O'Brien, Joseph J.] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rowell, Eric M.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Strand, Tara M.] Scion, New Zealand Crown Forest Res Inst, Christchurch 8042, New Zealand. [Zajkowski, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, NextGen Air Transportat Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ottmar, RD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 North 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM rottmar@fs.fed.us OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU JFSP [11-2-1-11]; Pacific Northwest Station of the US Forest Service; National Fire Plan; Rocky Mountain Station of the US Forest Service; Northern Station of the US Forest Service; Southern Research Station of the US Forest Service FX We acknowledge funding from the JFSP (project no. 11-2-1-11), with additional support from the Pacific Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Northern and Southern Research Stations of the US Forest Service and from the National Fire Plan. We thank James Furman, Brett Williams, Matt Snider and the entire staff at Jackson Guard, Eglin AFB, and Lindsey Boring and Mark Melvin at the JJERC for hosting RxCADRE and providing the logistical and planning support to complete the research burns. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 12 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1071/WF14161 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100002 ER PT J AU Ottmar, RD Hudak, AT Prichard, SJ Wright, CS Restaino, JC Kennedy, MC Vihnanek, RE AF Ottmar, Roger D. Hudak, Andrew T. Prichard, Susan J. Wright, Clinton S. Restaino, Joseph C. Kennedy, Maureen C. Vihnanek, Robert E. TI Pre-fire and post-fire surface fuel and cover measurements collected in the southeastern United States for model evaluation and development - RxCADRE 2008, 2011 and 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE ash; fire effects; fuel consumption; fuel loading; longleaf pine; prescribed fire ID CONSUMPTION MODELS; LONGLEAF PINE; CARBON EMISSIONS; PRESCRIBED FIRES; FOREST-FIRES; ECOSYSTEM; COMBUSTION; CHALLENGES; SEVERITY; DYNAMICS AB A lack of independent, quality-assured data prevents scientists from effectively evaluating predictions and uncertainties in fire models used by land managers. This paper presents a summary of pre-fire and post-fire fuel, fuel moisture and surface cover fraction data that can be used for fire model evaluation and development. The data were collected in the southeastern United States on 14 forest and 14 non-forest sample units associated with 6 small replicate and 10 large operational prescribed fires conducted during 2008, 2011, and 2012 as part of the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). Fuel loading and fuel consumption averaged 6.8 and 4.1 Mg ha(-1) respectively in the forest units and 3.0 and 2.2 Mg ha(-1) in the non-forest units. Post-fire white ash cover ranged from 1 to 28%. Data were used to evaluate two fuel consumption models, CONSUME and FOFEM, and to develop regression equations for predicting fuel consumption from ash cover. CONSUME and FOFEM produced similar predictions of total fuel consumption and were comparable with measured values. Simple linear models to predict pre-fire fuel loading and fuel consumption from post-fire white ash cover explained 46 and 59% of variation respectively. C1 [Ottmar, Roger D.; Wright, Clinton S.; Vihnanek, Robert E.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Prichard, Susan J.; Restaino, Joseph C.; Kennedy, Maureen C.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ottmar, RD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 North 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM rottmar@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11]; Pacific Northwest station of the US Forest Service; Rocky Mountain station of the US Forest Service; Northern station of the US Forest Service; Southern research station of the US Forest Service; National Fire Plan FX We acknowledge funding from the Joint Fire Science Program (project no. 11-2-1-11), with additional support from the Pacific Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Northern and Southern research stations of the US Forest Service and from the National Fire Plan. We thank James Furman, J. Kevin Hiers, Brett Williams and the entire staff at Jackson Guard, Eglin AFB, and Lindsey Boring and Mark Melvin at the JJERC for hosting the RxCADRE and providing the logistical and planning support to complete the research burns. We also thank Jon Dvorak for assistance with the fuel data collection and reduction, along with Eva Strand, Donovan Birch, Benjamin Bright and Ben Hornsby. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 10 EP 24 DI 10.1071/WF15092 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100003 ER PT J AU Hudak, AT Dickinson, MB Bright, BC Kremens, RL Loudermilk, EL O'Brien, JJ Hornsby, BS Ottmar, RD AF Hudak, Andrew T. Dickinson, Matthew B. Bright, Benjamin C. Kremens, Robert L. Loudermilk, E. Louise O'Brien, Joseph J. Hornsby, Benjamin S. Ottmar, Roger D. TI Measurements relating fire radiative energy density and surface fuel consumption - RxCADRE 2011 and 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire radiative energy (FRE); fire radiative power (FRP); fuel map; LiDAR; long-wave infrared (LWIR); RxCADRE ID DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; PINE FORESTS; BEHAVIOR; AFRICA; CARBON; AREA; FLUX AB Small-scale experiments have demonstrated that fire radiative energy is linearly related to fuel combusted but such a relationship has not been shown at the landscape level of prescribed fires. This paper presents field and remotely sensed measures of pre-fire fuel loads, consumption, fire radiative energy density (FRED) and fire radiative power flux density (FRFD), from which FRED is integrated, across forested and non-forested RxCADRE 2011 and 2012 burn blocks. Airborne longwave infrared (LWIR) image time series were calibrated to FRFD and integrated to provide FRED. Surface fuel loads measured in clip sample plots were predicted across burn blocks from airborne lidar-derived metrics. Maps of surface fuels and FRED were corrected for occlusion of the radiometric signal by the overstorey canopy in the forested blocks, and FRED maps were further corrected for temporal and spatial undersampling of FRFD. Fuel consumption predicted from FRED derived from both airborne LWIR imagery and various ground validation sensors approached a linear relationship with observed fuel consumption, which matched our expectation. These field, airborne lidar and LWIR image datasets, both before and after calibrations and corrections have been applied, will be made publicly available from a permanent archive for further analysis and to facilitate fire modelling. C1 [Hudak, Andrew T.; Bright, Benjamin C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Kremens, Robert L.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Loudermilk, E. Louise; O'Brien, Joseph J.; Hornsby, Benjamin S.] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Hudak, AT (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 South Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ahudak@fs.fed.us OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2243] FX This research was funded primarily by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project #11-2-1-11) with additional support from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (#RC-2243). We thank Kevin Hiers and Brett Williams for essential logistical support; Clint Wright, Bob Vihnanek, Joe Restaino, Jon Dvorak, Eva Strand and Donovan Birch for fuel sampling; and Kevin Satterberg for helping to prepare data and metadata files for the RxCADRE data repository. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 25 EP + DI 10.1071/WF14159 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100001 ER PT J AU Rowell, EM Seielstad, CA Ottmar, RD AF Rowell, Eric M. Seielstad, Carl A. Ottmar, Roger D. TI Development and validation of fuel height models for terrestrial lidar - RxCADRE 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fuels characterisation; grass fuels; prescribed fire; shrub fuels; spatially explicit; terrestrial laser scanner; TLS-based height metrics ID AREA DENSITY PROFILE; GROUND-BASED LIDAR; LEAF-AREA; CANOPY; BIOMASS; FIRE; SIZE AB Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used to collect spatially continuous measurements of fuelbed characteristics across the plots and burn blocks of the 2012 RxCADRE experiments in Florida. Fuelbeds were scanned obliquely from plot/block edges at a height of 20 m above ground. Pre-fire blocks were scanned from six perspectives and four perspectives for post-fire at similar to 2 cm nominal spot spacing. After processing, fuel height models were developed at one meter spatial resolution in burn blocks and compared with field measurements of height. Spatial bias is also examined. The resultant fuel height data correspond closely with field measurements of height and exhibit low spatial bias. They show that field measurements of fuel height from field plots are not representative of the burn blocks as a whole. A translation of fuel height distributions to specific fuel attributes will be necessary to maximise the utility of the data for fire modelling. C1 [Rowell, Eric M.; Seielstad, Carl A.] Univ Montana, Natl Ctr Landscape Fire Anal, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Rowell, Eric M.; Seielstad, Carl A.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Rowell, EM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Natl Ctr Landscape Fire Anal, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM eric.rowell@firecenter.umt.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11]; National Center for Landscape Fire Analysis FX This research was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project #11-2-1-11), with additional support from the National Center for Landscape Fire Analysis. We thank the Pacific North-west Research Station for fuels data collection (Joe Restaino, Clint Wright, and Jon Dvorak) and Kevin Hiers and Brett Williams for logistical support at Eglin Air Force Base. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1071/WF14170 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100004 ER PT J AU Dickinson, MB Hudak, AT Zajkowski, T Loudermilk, EL Schroeder, W Ellison, L Kremens, RL Holley, W Martinez, O Paxton, A Bright, BC O'Brien, JJ Hornsby, B Ichoku, C Faulring, J Gerace, A Peterson, D Mauceri, J AF Dickinson, Matthew B. Hudak, Andrew T. Zajkowski, Thomas Loudermilk, E. Louise Schroeder, Wilfrid Ellison, Luke Kremens, Robert L. Holley, William Martinez, Otto Paxton, Alexander Bright, Benjamin C. O'Brien, Joseph J. Hornsby, Benjamin Ichoku, Charles Faulring, Jason Gerace, Aaron Peterson, David Mauceri, Joseph TI Measuring radiant emissions from entire prescribed fires with ground, airborne and satellite sensors - RxCADRE 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire behaviour; fire radiative power; MODIS; remote sensing; unmanned aircraft systems; VIIRS; WASP ID PIXEL-BASED CALCULATION; RADIATIVE POWER; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; INITIAL ASSESSMENT; SURFACE FIRES; ACTIVE FIRES; MODIS; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; ENERGY AB Characterising radiation from wildland fires is an important focus of fire science because radiation relates directly to the combustion process and can be measured across a wide range of spatial extents and resolutions. As part of a more comprehensive set of measurements collected during the 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research (RxCADRE) field campaign, we used ground, airborne and spaceborne sensors to measure fire radiative power (FRP) from whole fires, applying different methods to small (2 ha) and large (>100 ha) burn blocks. For small blocks (n = 6), FRP estimated from an obliquely oriented long-wave infrared (LWIR) camera mounted on a boom lift were compared with FRP derived from combined data from tower-mounted radiometers and remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS). For large burn blocks (n = 3), satellite FRP measurements from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensors were compared with near-coincident FRP measurements derived from a LWIR imaging system aboard a piloted aircraft. We describe measurements and consider their strengths and weaknesses. Until quantitative sensors exist for small RPAS, their use in fire research will remain limited. For oblique, airborne and satellite sensors, further FRP measurement development is needed along with greater replication of coincident measurements, which we show to be feasible. C1 [Dickinson, Matthew B.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.; Bright, Benjamin C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Zajkowski, Thomas] USDA Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Loudermilk, E. Louise; O'Brien, Joseph J.; Hornsby, Benjamin] USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Southern Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schroeder, Wilfrid] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ellison, Luke; Ichoku, Charles] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ellison, Luke] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Kremens, Robert L.; Faulring, Jason; Gerace, Aaron; Mauceri, Joseph] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Holley, William; Martinez, Otto; Paxton, Alexander] US Air Force, Niceville, FL 32542 USA. [Peterson, David] CNR, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dickinson, MB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM mbdickinson@fs.fed.us RI Schroeder, Wilfrid/F-6738-2010; peterson, david/L-2350-2016; OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11] FX We thank the Eglin AFB fire management staff, particularly Kevin Hiers, Brett Williams and the fire crews for their supreme competence in prescribed burning and logistical coordination. We also thank the many scientists and support staff not included in this paper whose work and collaboration made the RxCADRE project possible, particularly Roger Ottmar who led the effort and Dan Jimenez who facilitated agreements and funding. It is with sadness and gratitude that we note the loss of Dr Otto Martinez and Mr. Bill Holley of the Eglin AFB Digital Video Laboratory. Otto and Bill were central to the planning and implementation of the complex RxCADRE airborne operations and, in addition, they coordinated RPAS operations that included multiple platforms and managed real-time data collection and display. The 2012 RxCADRE campaign was made possible by a grant from the Joint Fire Science Program (Project #11-2-1-11), and longer-term support from the US Forest Service, National Fire Plan, Joint Fire Science Program and NASA was critical for getting the RxCADRE project started. Thanks to Ellen Eberhardt and several anonymous reviewers for their input on the manuscript. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.1071/WF15090 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100005 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JJ Loudermilk, EL Hornsby, B Hudak, AT Bright, BC Dickinson, MB Hiers, JK Teske, C Ottmar, RD AF O'Brien, Joseph J. Loudermilk, E. Louise Hornsby, Benjamin Hudak, Andrew T. Bright, Benjamin C. Dickinson, Matthew B. Hiers, J. Kevin Teske, Casey Ottmar, Roger D. TI High-resolution infrared thermography for capturing wildland fire behaviour - RxCADRE 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire radiant energy; fire radiant power; long-wave infrared ID LONGLEAF PINE FORESTS; FINE-SCALE VARIATION; EMISSIVITY; MODEL AB Wildland fire radiant energy emission is one of the only measurements of combustion that can be made at wide spatial extents and high temporal and spatial resolutions. Furthermore, spatially and temporally explicit measurements are critical for making inferences about fire effects and useful for examining patterns of fire spread. In this study we describe our methods for capturing and analysing spatially and temporally explicit long-wave infrared (LWIR) imagery from the RxCADRE (Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment) project and examine the usefulness of these data in investigating fire behaviour and effects. We compare LWIR imagery captured at fine and moderate spatial and temporal resolutions (from 1 cm(2) to 1 m(2); and from 0.12 to 1 Hz) using both nadir and oblique measurements. We analyse fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of fire radiant power and energy released in several experimental burns. There was concurrence between the measurements, although the oblique view estimates of fire radiative power were consistently higher than the nadir view estimates. The nadir measurements illustrate the significance of fuel characteristics, particularly type and connectivity, in driving spatial variability at fine scales. The nadir and oblique measurements illustrate the usefulness of the data for describing the location and movement of the fire front at discrete moments in time at these fine and moderate resolutions. Spatially and temporally resolved data from these techniques show promise to effectively link the combustion environment with post-fire processes, remote sensing at larger scales and wildland fire modelling efforts. C1 [O'Brien, Joseph J.; Loudermilk, E. Louise; Hornsby, Benjamin] USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Southern Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.; Bright, Benjamin C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] Wildland Fire Ctr, Eglin Air Force Base, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. [Teske, Casey] Univ Montana, Fire Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP O'Brien, JJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Southern Res Ctr, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jjobrien@fs.fed.us OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11]; US Department of Defence Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2243] FX This research was funded primarily by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project #11-2-1-11) with additional support from the US Department of Defence Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (#RC-2243). Brett Williams of the Jackson Guard Wildland Fire Center went above and beyond the call of duty as incident commander. The authors thank all the Jackson Guard wildland fire personnel because the success of RxCADRE depended on their skill and professionalism. The authors thank Mac Callaham, Christie Stegall, Dexter Strother and Evelyn Wenk of the USDA Forest Service, who were invaluable in the field. The authors also thank Dr Morgan Varner and Dr Jesse Kreye for both sharing equipment and assisting in the field. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 62 EP 75 DI 10.1071/WF14165 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100006 ER PT J AU Butler, B Teske, C Jimenez, D O'Brien, J Sopko, P Wold, C Vosburgh, M Hornsby, B Loudermilk, E AF Butler, B. Teske, C. Jimenez, D. O'Brien, J. Sopko, P. Wold, C. Vosburgh, M. Hornsby, B. Loudermilk, E. TI Observations of energy transport and rate of spreads from low-intensity fires in longleaf pine habitat - RxCADRE 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE energy transport; field measurements; fire behaviour; fire modelling ID FIREFIGHTER SAFETY ZONES; CONVECTION HEAT-TRANSFER; DISCONTINUOUS FUEL BEDS; RADIATION; MODEL; BEHAVIOR; SCIENCE; FOREST; FLAME AB Wildland fire rate of spread (ROS) and intensity are determined by the mode and magnitude of energy transport from the flames to the unburned fuels. Measurements of radiant and convective heating and cooling from experimental fires are reported here. Sensors were located nominally 0.5 m above ground level. Flame heights varied from 0.3 to 1.8 m and flaming zone depth varied from 0.3 to 3.0 m. Fire ROS derived from observations of fire transit time between sensors was 0.10 to 0.48 m s(-1). ROS derived from ocular estimates reached 0.51 m s(-1) for heading fire and 0.25 m s(-1) for backing fire. Measurements of peak radiant and total energy incident on the sensors during flame presence reached 18.8 and 36.7 kW m(-2) respectively. Peak air temperatures reached 1159 degrees C. Calculated fire radiative energy varied from 7 to 162 kJ m(-2) and fire total energy varied from 3 to 261 kJ m(-2). Measurements of flame emissive power peaked at 95 kW m(-2). Average horizontal air flow in the direction of flame spread immediately before, during, and shortly after the flame arrival reached 8.8 m s(-1), with reverse drafts of 1.5 m s(-1); vertical velocities varied from 9.9 m s(-1) upward flow to 4.5 m s(-1) downward flow. The observations from these fires contribute to the overall understanding of energy transport in wildland fires. C1 [Butler, B.; Jimenez, D.; Sopko, P.; Wold, C.; Vosburgh, M.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Teske, C.] Univ Montana, Ctr Landscape Fire Anal, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [O'Brien, J.; Hornsby, B.; Loudermilk, E.] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Athens Fire Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Butler, B (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM bwbutler@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11] FX The financial support provided by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project #11-2-1-11) was crucial to this effort. The integrative and collaborative involvement of the many groups involved in the effort facilitated the deployment and collection of a large number of fire behaviour packages. The leadership provided by R. Ottmar facilitated the efficient and productive execution of the project. Finally, none of this work would have been possible without the collaborative support of the administration and fire management organisation at Eglin Air Force Base. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 76 EP 89 DI 10.1071/WF14154 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100007 ER PT J AU Clements, CB Lareau, NP Seto, D Contezac, J Davis, B Teske, C Zajkowski, TJ Hudak, AT Bright, BC Dickinson, MB Butler, BW Jimenez, D Hiers, JK AF Clements, Craig B. Lareau, Neil P. Seto, Daisuke Contezac, Jonathan Davis, Braniff Teske, Casey Zajkowski, Thomas J. Hudak, Andrew T. Bright, Benjamin C. Dickinson, Matthew B. Butler, Bret W. Jimenez, Daniel Hiers, J. Kevin TI Fire weather conditions and fire-atmosphere interactions observed during low-intensity prescribed fires - RxCADRE 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Doppler lidar; micrometeorology ID DOPPLER LIDAR; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM; PLUME C1 [Clements, Craig B.; Lareau, Neil P.; Seto, Daisuke; Contezac, Jonathan; Davis, Braniff] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, Fire Weather Res Lab, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Teske, Casey] Univ Montana, Natl Ctr Landscape Fire Anal, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Zajkowski, Thomas J.] USDA Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.; Bright, Benjamin C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Butler, Bret W.; Jimenez, Daniel] USDA Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] US Air Force, Wildland Fire Ctr, Niceville, FL USA. RP Clements, CB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, Fire Weather Res Lab, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM craig.clements@sjsu.edu OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1151930] FX The authors would like to acknowledge many individuals from Eglin Air Force Base Jackson Guard who helped us meet our specific research goals, including Keith Hawk, David Grimm and Brett Williams, who was the overall incident commander for the experiments. In addition, we would like to acknowledge Wyndam Lewis and Richard Bagley for their help in the field. The meteorological measurement campaign was supported by funding from the Joint Fire Science Program (project no. 11-2-1-11) and the National Science Foundation (AGS-1151930). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1071/WF14173 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100008 ER PT J AU Strand, T Gullett, B Urbanski, S O'Neill, S Potter, B Aurell, J Holder, A Larkin, N Moore, M Rorig, M AF Strand, Tara Gullett, Brian Urbanski, Shawn O'Neill, Susan Potter, Brian Aurell, Johanna Holder, Amara Larkin, Narasimhan Moore, Mark Rorig, Miriam TI Grassland and forest understorey biomass emissions from prescribed fires in the southeastern United States - RxCADRE 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE black carbon; combustion efficiency; emissions factor; particulate matter; smoke ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; BLACK CARBON MEASUREMENTS; TRACE GAS EMISSIONS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; AEROSOLS; SMOKE; ABSORPTION; US; PARTICLES; AIRBORNE AB Smoke measurements were made during grass and forest understorey prescribed fires as part of a comprehensive programme to understand fire and smoke behaviour. Instruments deployed on the ground, airplane and tethered aerostat platforms characterised the smoke plumes through measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) and particulate matter (PM), and measurements of optical properties. Distinctions were observed in aerial and ground-based measurements, with aerial measurements exhibiting smaller particle size distributions and PM emission factors, likely due to particle settling. Black carbon emission factors were similar for both burns and were highest during the initial flaming phase. On average, the particles from the forest fire were less light absorbing than those from the grass fires due to the longer duration of smouldering combustion in the forest biomass. CO and CH4 emission factors were over twice as high for the forest burn than for the grass burn, corresponding with a lower modified combustion efficiency and greater smouldering combustion. This dataset reveals the evolution of smoke emissions from two different commonly burned fuel types and demonstrates the complexity of emission factors. C1 [Strand, Tara] Scion, Crown Forest Res Inst, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand. [Gullett, Brian; Holder, Amara] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Urbanski, Shawn] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [O'Neill, Susan; Potter, Brian; Larkin, Narasimhan; Moore, Mark; Rorig, Miriam] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Aurell, Johanna] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Durham, NC 27711 USA. RP Strand, T (reprint author), Scion, Crown Forest Res Inst, Forestry Bldg,Forestry Rd, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand. EM tara.strand@scionresearch.com FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; US EPA Office of Research and Development; National Research Council FX This work was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project #11-2-1-11), the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (Dr John Hall) and the US EPA Office of Research and Development. This research was performed while Johanna Aurell held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US EPA/NRMRL. We would like to thank Dave Hubble, our mission Cessna 337 pilot, and Aaron Knobloch of USFS Southern Region for his support in facilitating the air-plane arrangements. Contributing EPA personnel included Chris Pressley, Bill Squier, Bill Mitchell, Michael Hays and Robert Black (Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education postdoctoral fellow). Aerostat operations were handled by Rob Gribble (ISSI Inc.). Jeff Blair of AethLabs donated use of the AE-52. We also thank Candace Krull for her assistance with preparing field equipment before the study and Gary Curcio for contributing instrumentation, expertise and aid in deploying the equipment. We also give a special thanks to Scott Pokswinski (aka Daisycutter) who watched out for us while at the field site. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture and Environmental Protection Agency of any product or service. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 34 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 102 EP 113 DI 10.1071/WF14166 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100009 ER PT J AU Zajkowski, TJ Dickinson, MB Hiers, JK Holley, W Williams, BW Paxton, A Martinez, O Walker, GW AF Zajkowski, Thomas J. Dickinson, Matthew B. Hiers, J. Kevin Holley, William Williams, Brett W. Paxton, Alexander Martinez, Otto Walker, Gregory W. TI Evaluation and use of remotely piloted aircraft systems for operations and research - RxCADRE 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Aeryon Scout; black carbon; concept of operations (CONOPS); fixed-wing aircraft; G2R; remote sensing; rotor aircraft; ScanEagle; thermal imagery; three-dimensional wind; unmanned aircraft systems; vertical takeoff and landing AB Small remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), also known as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), are expected to provide important contributions to wildland fire operations and research, but their evaluation and use have been limited. Our objectives were to leverage US Air Force-controlled airspace to (1) deploy RPAS in support of the 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research (RxCADRE) project campaign objectives, including fire progression at multiple scales and (2) assess tactical deployment of multiple RPAS with manned flights in support of incident management. We report here on planning for the missions, including the logistics of integrating RPAS into a complex operations environment, specifications of the aircraft and their measurements, execution of the missions and considerations for future missions. Deployments of RPAS ranged both in time aloft and in size, from the Aeryon Scout quadcopter to the fixed-wing G2R and ScanEagle UAS. Real-time video feeds to incident command staff supported prescribed fire operations and a concept of operations (a planning exercise) was implemented and evaluated for fires in large and small burn blocks. RPAS measurements included visible and long-wave infrared (LWIR) imagery, black carbon, air temperature, relative humidity and three-dimensional wind speed and direction. C1 [Zajkowski, Thomas J.] US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin; Williams, Brett W.] Air Force Wildland Fire Ctr, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. [Holley, William; Paxton, Alexander; Martinez, Otto] US Air Force, Niceville, FL 32542 USA. [Walker, Gregory W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Ctr Unmanned Aircraft Syst Integrat, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Zajkowski, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Inst Transportat Res & Educ, Centennial Campus,Box 8601, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_zajkowski@ncsu.edu OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11] FX We thank the Eglin Air Force Base prescribed fire staff for their high level of competence and willingness to support research operations. We also thank the many scientists and support staff not included as authors on this paper but whose work and collaboration made the RxCADRE project possible - particularly Roger Ottmar, who led the effort, and Dan Jimenez, who facilitated agreements and funding. The 2012 RxCADRE campaign was made possible by grant #11-2-1-11 from the Joint Fire Science Program and longer-term support from the Department of Defence, US Forest Service, National Fire Plan, Joint Fire Science Program, and NASA were critical for getting the RxCADRE project started. The use of product or trade names in this document does not represent endorsement by the USA Government or its agents or authors; the product and trade names are included for informational purposes only. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 114 EP 128 DI 10.1071/WF14176 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100010 ER PT J AU Iniguez, JM Swetnam, TW Baisan, CH AF Iniguez, Jose M. Swetnam, Thomas W. Baisan, Christopher H. TI Fire history and moisture influences on historical forest age structure in the sky islands of southern Arizona, USA SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE age structure; climate; desert sky islands; forests; frequent fires; Pinus; ponderosa; ponderosa pine; regeneration; restoration; southern Arizona ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; COLORADO-FRONT-RANGE; HIGH-SEVERITY FIRE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; TREE RECRUITMENT; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; DISTURBANCE; PATTERNS AB Aim The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of moisture and fire on historical ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) age structure patterns. Location We used a natural experiment created over time by the unique desert island geography of southern Arizona. Methods We sampled tree establishment dates in two sites on Rincon Peak and another site in the Santa Catalina Mountains. The influence of regional moisture patterns was investigated by examining synchrony among tree age peaks and periods of favourable moisture. The influence of fire was investigated by examining the relationship between local fire histories and age peaks. Results Tree age peaks (recruitment events) were synchronized with periods of reduced fire frequencies, suggesting that periods of reduced fire activity allowed time for young trees to develop fire-resistant characteristics. For example, two age peaks (1670s-1680s and 1770s-1780s) in the Rincon Peak-north site coincided with a period of reduced fire frequency. These age peaks were absent in the Rincon Peak-south site where fires were more frequent during that time. All three sites had age peaks in the early 19th century, coinciding with regional climate variability (i.e. El Nino Southern Oscillation patterns) that reduced fire activity. Main conclusions Historically prior to fire suppression, the survivorship, and thus cohort establishment, of ponderosa pine was ultimately determined by local fire history patterns. The importance of fire as a tree establishment regulator highlights the need to use fire at appropriate intervals not just to restore but to maintain healthy forests. C1 [Iniguez, Jose M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Swetnam, Thomas W.; Baisan, Christopher H.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Iniguez, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jiniguez@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station [02-JV-11221615-204] FX This research was funded by a Rocky Mountain Research Station grant (02-JV-11221615-204). We thank Carl Edminster for supporting this project, as well as the Coronado National Forest and Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. We thank Rudy King for statistical advice, and Calvin Farris, Ellis Margollis, Devin Petry, Ari Fitzwater, Chris Jones, Erin Brennen, Laura Marshall, Erika Bigio, Don Falk, Allen White and all others who assisted with field work. We also thank John Kupfer, Malcolm Zwolinski, Gerald Gottfried, Melissa Savage, David Huffman, Peter Brown and an anonymous referee for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 43 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1111/jbi.12626 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA DA3IT UT WOS:000367691100008 ER PT J AU Villareal, DT Fontana, L Das, SK Redman, L Smith, SR Saltzman, E Bales, C Rochon, J Pieper, C Huang, M Lewis, M Schwartz, AV AF Villareal, Dennis T. Fontana, Luigi Das, Sai Krupa Redman, Leanne Smith, Steven R. Saltzman, Edward Bales, Connie Rochon, James Pieper, Carl Huang, Megan Lewis, Michael Schwartz, Ann V. CA CALERIE Study Grp TI Effect of Two-Year Caloric Restriction on Bone Metabolism and Bone Mineral Density in Non-Obese Younger Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NUTRITION; BONE-FAT INTERACTIONS; BONE-MUSCLE INTERACTIONS; DXA; FRACTURE PREVENTION ID OBESE OLDER-ADULTS; MODERATE WEIGHT-LOSS; OVERWEIGHT POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ENERGY RESTRICTION; REDUCING INTAKE; LOSE BONE AB Although caloric restriction (CR) could delay biologic aging in humans, it is unclear if this would occur at the cost of significant bone loss. We evaluated the effect of prolonged CR on bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy younger adults. Two-hundred eighteen non-obese (body mass index [BMI] 25.1 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2)), younger (age 37.9 +/- 7.2 years) adults were randomly assigned to 25% CR (CR group, n = 143) or ad libitum (AL group, n = 75) for 2 years. Main outcomes were BMD and markers of bone turnover. Other outcomes included body composition, bone-active hormones, nutrient intake, and physical activity. Body weight (-7.5 perpendicular to 0.4 versus 0.1 perpendicular to 0.5 kg), fat mass (-5.3 perpendicular to 0.3 versus 0.4 perpendicular to 0.4 kg), and fat-free mass (-2.2 perpendicular to 0.2 versus -0.2 perpendicular to 0.2 kg) decreased in the CR group compared with AL (all between group p < 0.001). Compared with AL, the CR group had greater changes in BMD at 24 months: lumbar spine (-0.013 +/- 0.003 versus 0.007 +/- 0.004 g/cm(2); p < 0.001), total hip (-0.017 +/- 0.002 versus 0.001 +/- 0.003 g/cm(2); p < 0.001), and femoral neck (-0.015 +/- 0.003 versus -0.005 +/- 0.004 g/cm(2); p = 0.03). Changes in bone markers were greater at 12 months for C-telopeptide (0.098 +/- 0.012 versus 0.025 +/- 0.015 mu g/L; p < 0.001), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (0.4 +/- 0.1 versus 0.2 +/- 0.1 U/L; p = 0.004), and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) (-1.4 +/- 0.4 versus -0.3 +/- 0.5 U/L; p = 0.047) but not procollagen type 1 N-propeptide; at 24 months, only BSAP differed between groups (-1.5 +/- 0.4 versus 0.9 +/- 0.6 U/L; p = 0.001). The CR group had larger increases in 25-hydroxyvitamin D, cortisol, and adiponectin and decreases in leptin and insulin compared with AL. However, parathyroid hormone and IGF-1 levels did not differ between groups. The CR group also had lower levels of physical activity. Multiple regression analyses revealed that body composition, hormones, nutrients, and physical activity changes explained similar to 31% of the variance in BMD and bone marker changes in the CR group. Therefore, bone loss at clinically important sites of osteoporotic fractures represents a potential limitation of prolonged CR for extending life span. Further long-term studies are needed to determine if CR-induced bone loss in healthy adults contributes to fracture risk and if bone loss can be prevented with exercise. (C) 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. C1 [Villareal, Dennis T.; Fontana, Luigi] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Villareal, Dennis T.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Villareal, Dennis T.] Michael E DeBakey VA Med Ctr, Ctr Translat Res Inflammatory Dis, Houston, TX USA. [Fontana, Luigi] Univ Med Sch, Dept Clin & Expt Sci, Brescia, Italy. [Fontana, Luigi] CEINGE Biotecnol Avanzate, Naples, Italy. [Das, Sai Krupa; Saltzman, Edward] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Redman, Leanne; Smith, Steven R.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Smith, Steven R.] Florida Hosp, Translat Res Inst Metab & Diabet, Orlando, FL USA. [Smith, Steven R.] Sanford Burnham Prebys Med Discovery Inst, Orlando, FL USA. [Bales, Connie] Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Bales, Connie] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Bales, Connie; Rochon, James; Pieper, Carl; Huang, Megan] Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Rochon, James] Rho Fed Syst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Lewis, Michael] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. [Schwartz, Ann V.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Villareal, DT (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dennis.villareal@bcm.edu FU National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health [U01AG022132, U01AG020478, U01AG020487, U01AG020480, U24AG047121]; National Institute on Aging (NIA) FX This study was supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (U01AG022132, U01AG020478, U01AG020487, U01AG020480, and U24AG047121). Consistent with an NIH cooperative agreement, the study was designed and managed by a Steering Committee consisting of the Principal Investigators of the three clinical sites and the Data Coordinating Center and a representative from the NIA. Decisions were made by majority vote, and all members, including the NIH, had one vote. The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute on Aging or the National Institutes of Health. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-0431 EI 1523-4681 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1002/jbmr.2701 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DA3JP UT WOS:000367693300004 PM 26332798 ER PT J AU Cendrero-Mateo, MP Moran, MS Papuga, SA Thorp, KR Alonso, L Moreno, J Ponce-Campos, G Rascher, U Wang, G AF Cendrero-Mateo, M. Pilar Moran, M. Susan Papuga, Shirley A. Thorp, K. R. Alonso, L. Moreno, J. Ponce-Campos, G. Rascher, U. Wang, G. TI Plant chlorophyll fluorescence: active and passive measurements at canopy and leaf scales with different nitrogen treatments SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE FLD; Fluowat; PAM; nitrogen; chlorophyll content ID VEGETATION FLUORESCENCE; CO2 ASSIMILATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; INTACT LEAVES; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; WATER-STRESS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REFLECTANCE; RESOLUTION; EMISSION AB Most studies assessing chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) have examined leaf responses to environmental stress conditions using active techniques. Alternatively, passive techniques are able to measure ChlF at both leaf and canopy scales. However, the measurement principles of both techniques are different, and only a few datasets concerning the relationships between them are reported in the literature. In this study, we investigated the potential for interchanging ChlF measurements using active techniques with passive measurements at different temporal and spatial scales. The ultimate objective was to determine the limits within which active and passive techniques are comparable. The results presented in this study showed that active and passive measurements were highly correlated over the growing season across nitrogen treatments at both canopy and leaf-average scale. At the single-leaf scale, the seasonal relation between techniques was weaker, but still significant. The variability within single-leaf measurements was largely related to leaf heterogeneity associated with variations in CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance, and less so to variations in leaf chlorophyll content, leaf size or measurement inputs (e.g. light reflected and emitted by the leaf and illumination conditions and leaf spectrum). This uncertainty was exacerbated when single-leaf analysis was limited to a particular day rather than the entire season. We concluded that daily measurements of active and passive ChlF at the single-leaf scale are not comparable. However, canopy and leaf-average active measurements can be used to better understand the daily and seasonal behaviour of passive ChlF measurements. In turn, this can be used to better estimate plant photosynthetic capacity and therefore to provide improved information for crop management. C1 [Cendrero-Mateo, M. Pilar; Papuga, Shirley A.] Univ Arizona, Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cendrero-Mateo, M. Pilar; Moran, M. Susan; Ponce-Campos, G.] USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Papuga, Shirley A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Thorp, K. R.] USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Alonso, L.; Moreno, J.] Univ Valencia Catedrat A Escardino, IPL, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain. [Rascher, U.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Bio & Geosci, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Wang, G.] Bridgestone Amer Agr Operat, Eloy, AZ 85131 USA. RP Cendrero-Mateo, MP (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Bio & Geosci, Leo Brandt Str, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM p.cendrero@fz-juelich.de RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009; Rascher, Uwe/D-5457-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X; Rascher, Uwe/0000-0002-9993-4588 FU NASA [08-SMAPSDT08-0042]; USDA OECD FX The authors are grateful to Dr Laparra, Dr Salvucci, Dr Carmo-Silva, and Dr Temperton for their expert advice. This research was supported in part by the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Science Definition Team (08-SMAPSDT08-0042) and is a result of a fellowship funded by the USDA OECD Co-operative Research Programme. The authors would like to thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for their valuable comments which have helped us to improve the quality of the paper. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 67 IS 1 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1093/jxb/erv456 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DA5BE UT WOS:000367816300020 PM 26482242 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Gebauer, SK Novotny, JA AF Baer, David J. Gebauer, Sarah K. Novotny, Janet A. TI Walnuts Consumed by Healthy Adults Provide Less Available Energy than Predicted by the Atwater Factors SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE metabolizable energy; walnuts; nuts; macronutrient digestibility; Atwater factors; calories ID FATTY-ACID PROFILE; NUT CONSUMPTION; PHYTOSTEROL CONTENT; PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION; LIPID BIOACCESSIBILITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; PRENEOPLASTIC FOCI; ALMOND SEEDS; BLOOD-LIPIDS AB Background: Previous studies have shown that the metabolizable energy (ME) content (energy available to the body) of certain nuts is less than predicted by the Atwater factors. However, very few nuts have been investigated to date, and no information is available regarding the ME of walnuts. Objective: A study was conducted to determine the ME of walnuts when consumed as part of a typical American diet. Methods: Healthy adults (n = 18; mean age = 53.1 y; body mass index = 28.8 kg/m(2)) participated in a randomized crossover study with 2 treatment periods (3 wk each). The study was a fully controlled dietary feeding intervention in which the same base diet was consumed during each treatment period; the base diet was unsupplemented during one feeding period and supplemented with 42 g walnuts/d during the other feeding period. Base diet foods were reduced in equal proportions during the walnut period to achieve isocaloric food intake during the 2 periods. After a 9 d diet acclimation period, subjects collected all urine and feces for similar to 1 wk (as marked by a Brilliant Blue fecal collection marker) for analysis of energy content. Administered diets, walnuts, and fecal and urine samples were subjected to bomb calorimetry, and the resulting data were used to calculate the ME of the walnuts. Results: One 28-g serving of walnuts contained 146 kcal (5.22 kcal/g), 39 kcal/serving less than the calculated value of 185 kcal/serving (6.61 kcal/g). The ME of the walnuts Was 21% less than that predicted by the Atwater factors (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Consistent with other tree nuts, Atwater factors overestimate the metabolizable energy value of walnuts. These results could help explain the observations that consumers of nuts do not gain excessive weight and could improve the accuracy of food labeling. C1 [Baer, David J.; Gebauer, Sarah K.; Novotny, Janet A.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM David.Baer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; California Walnut Commission FX This research was funded by the USDA and the California Walnut Commission. This is a free access article, distributed under terms (http://www.nutnition.org/publications/guidelines-and-policies/license/) that permit unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 146 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.3945/jn.115.217372 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA DA3MF UT WOS:000367701100002 PM 26581681 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Johnson, ET AF Dowd, Patrick F. Johnson, Eric T. TI Maize peroxidase Px5 has a highly conserved sequence in inbreds resistant to mycotoxin producing fungi which enhances fungal and insect resistance SO JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Peroxidase; Maize; Mycotoxin; Spodoptera; Helicoverpa; Fusarium ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; EAR ROT; IDENTIFICATION; GENE; TEX6; CHITINASE; DIVERSITY; RESPONSES; KERNELS; CORN AB Mycotoxin presence in maize causes health and economic issues for humans and animals. Although many studies have investigated expression differences of genes putatively governing resistance to producing fungi, few have confirmed a resistance role, or examined putative resistance gene structure in more than a couple of inbreds. The pericarp expression of maize Px5 has previously been associated with resistance to Aspergillus flavus growth and insects in a set of inbreds. Genes from 14 different inbreds that included ones with resistance and susceptibility to A. flavus, Fusarium proliferatum, F. verticillioides and F. graminearum and/or mycotoxin production were cloned using high fidelity enzymes, and sequenced. The sequence of Px5 from all resistant inbreds was identical, except for a single base change in two inbreds, only one of which affected the amino acid sequence. Conversely, the Px5 sequence from several susceptible inbreds had several base variations, some of which affected amino acid sequence that would potentially alter secondary structure, and thus enzyme function. The sequence of the maize peroxidase Px5 common to inbreds resistant to mycotoxigenic fungi was overexpressed in maize callus. Callus transformants overexpressing the gene caused significant reductions in growth for fall armyworms, corn earworms, and F. graminearum compared to transformant callus with a beta-glucuronidase gene. This study demonstrates rarer transcripts of potential resistance genes overlooked by expression screens can be identified by sequence comparisons. A role in pest resistance can be verified by callus expression of the candidate genes, which can thereby justify larger scale transformation and regeneration of transgenic plants expressing the resistance gene for further evaluation. C1 [Dowd, Patrick F.; Johnson, Eric T.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM patrick.dowd@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 13 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0918-9440 EI 1618-0860 J9 J PLANT RES JI J. Plant Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 129 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s10265-015-0770-3 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DA2TS UT WOS:000367649800003 PM 26659597 ER PT J AU Fei, SL Guo, QF Potter, K AF Fei, Songlin Guo, Qinfeng Potter, Kevin TI Macrosystems ecology: novel methods and new understanding of multi-scale patterns and processes SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Macrosystems ecology; Macroecology; Macroscale; Scaling; Heterogeneity ID MACROECOLOGY; SCALE; STATE AB As the global biomes are increasingly threatened by human activities, understanding of macroscale patterns and processes is pressingly needed for effective management and policy making. Macrosystems ecology, which studies multiscale ecological patterns and processes, has gained growing interest in the research community. However, as a relatively new field in ecology, research in macrosystems ecology is facing various challenges. In this special issue, we highlight the following two latest exciting developments in this thriving field: (1) novel tools and methods and (2) new understandings on macroscale patterns and processes. While we believe that the contributions featured in this issue provide promising advancements in macrosystems ecology, we also see multiple challenges for future research including (1) multidisciplinary approaches for long-term and multiscale studies and (2) scaling local patterns and processes to broader scales. C1 [Fei, Songlin] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Guo, Qinfeng] USDA, Forest Serv Southern Res Stn, Durham, NC USA. [Potter, Kevin] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Durham, NC USA. RP Fei, SL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sfei@purdue.edu OI Fei, Songlin/0000-0003-2772-0166; Potter, Kevin/0000-0002-7330-5345 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0315-0 PG 6 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DA2AR UT WOS:000367598200001 ER PT J AU Potter, KM Koch, FH Oswalt, CM Iannone, BV AF Potter, Kevin M. Koch, Frank H. Oswalt, Christopher M. Iannone, Basil V., III TI Data, data everywhere: detecting spatial patterns in fine-scale ecological information collected across a continent SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Big data; Ecological monitoring; Hotspots; Invasive plants; Mountain pine beetle; Wildfire ID AREAL UNIT PROBLEM; FOREST PLANT INVASIONS; MACROSYSTEMS ECOLOGY; HOT-SPOTS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; STATISTICS; STATES; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Fine-scale ecological data collected across broad regions are becoming increasingly available. Appropriate geographic analyses of these data can help identify locations of ecological concern. We present one such approach, spatial association of scalable hexagons (SASH), which identifies locations where ecological phenomena occur at greater or lower frequencies than expected by chance. This approach is based on a sampling frame optimized for spatial neighborhood analysis, adjustable to the appropriate spatial resolution, and applicable to multiple data types. We divided portions of the United States into scalable equal-area hexagonal cells and, using three types of data (field surveys, aerial surveys, satellite imagery), identified geographic clusters of forested areas having high and low values for (1) invasive plant diversity and cover, (2) mountain pine beetle-induced tree mortality, and (3) wildland forest fire occurrences. Using the SASH approach, we detected statistically significant patterns of plant invasion, bark beetle-induced tree mortality, and fire occurrence density that will be useful for understanding macroscale patterns and processes associated with each forest health threat, for assessing its ecological and economic impacts, and for identifying areas where specific management activities may be needed. The presented method is a "big data" analysis tool with potential application for macrosystems ecology studies that require rigorous testing of hypotheses within a spatial framework. This method is a standard component of annual national reports on forest health status and trends across the United States and can be applied easily to other regions and datasets. C1 [Potter, Kevin M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Koch, Frank H.] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Oswalt, Christopher M.] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Iannone, Basil V., III] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Potter, KM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kpotter@ncsu.edu; fhkoch@fs.fed.us; coswalt@fs.fed.us; biannone@purdue.edu OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507; Potter, Kevin/0000-0002-7330-5345 FU USDA Forest Service [14-CS-11330110-042]; North Carolina State University [14-CS-11330110-042]; National Science Foundation MacroSystems Biology Grant [1241932] FX The authors thank Stan Zarnoch, Kurt Riitters, John Coulston, and Joe Spruce for their advice and assistance; Jeanine Paschke for her help with the aerial survey data; and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The authors also thank the Forest Inventory and Analysis field crew members and the forest health aerial survey detection teams for their efforts to collect the data used in this study. This research was supported in part through Cost Share Agreement 14-CS-11330110-042 between the USDA Forest Service and North Carolina State University, and through a National Science Foundation MacroSystems Biology Grant (#1241932). NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 67 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0295-0 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DA2AR UT WOS:000367598200007 ER PT J AU Iannone, BV Potter, KM Hamil, KAD Huang, W Zhang, H Guo, QF Oswalt, CM Woodall, CW Fei, SL AF Iannone, Basil V., III Potter, Kevin M. Hamil, Kelly-Ann Dixon Huang, Whitney Zhang, Hao Guo, Qinfeng Oswalt, Christopher M. Woodall, Christopher W. Fei, Songlin TI Evidence of biotic resistance to invasions in forests of the Eastern USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Big data; Biomass; FIA Program; Invasive plants; Macrosystems; Niche; Evolutionary diversity; Taxonomic diversity ID CROSS-SCALE INTERACTIONS; PLANT INVASIONS; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MACROSYSTEMS ECOLOGY; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; SPECIES INVASIONS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY AB Detecting biotic resistance to biological invasions across large geographic areas may require acknowledging multiple metrics of niche usage and potential spatial heterogeneity in associations between invasive and native species diversity and dominance. Determine (1) if native communities are resistant to biological invasions at macroscales; (2) the metrics that best quantify biotic resistance at these scales; and (3) the degree to which the direction and magnitude of invader-native associations vary with scale and/or location. Using a mixed-effects modeling framework to account for potential sub-regional and cross-scale variability in invader-native associations, we modeled the species richness and cover of invasive plants in 42,626 plots located throughout Eastern USA forests in relationship to plot-level estimates of native tree biomass, species richness, and evolutionary diversity. We found (1) native tree biomass and evolutionary diversity, but not species richness, to be negatively associated with invader establishment and dominance, and thus indicative of biotic resistance; (2) evidence that evolutionary diversity limits invader dominance more than it does invader establishment; (3) evidence of greater invasion resistance in parts of the agriculturally-dominated Midwest and in and around the more-contiguous forests of the Appalachian Mountains; and (4) the magnitude to which native tree biomass and evolutionary diversity limit invasion varies across the ranges of these metrics. These findings illustrate the improved understanding of biotic resistance to invasions that is gained by accounting for sub-regional variability in ecological processes, and underscores the need to determine the factors leading to spatial heterogeneity in biotic resistance. C1 [Iannone, Basil V., III; Fei, Songlin] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Potter, Kevin M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hamil, Kelly-Ann Dixon; Huang, Whitney; Zhang, Hao] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Guo, Qinfeng] USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Oswalt, Christopher M.] USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Knoxville, TN USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Iannone, BV (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM biannone@purdue.edu; sfei@purdue.edu OI Fei, Songlin/0000-0003-2772-0166; Potter, Kevin/0000-0002-7330-5345 FU NSF Macrosystems Biology Grant [1241932]; USDA Forest Service [13-JV11330110-043, 14-CS-11330110042]; North Carolina State University [13-JV11330110-043, 14-CS-11330110042] FX We would like to thank the many FIA workers who collected the data used in this investigation; Beth Schulz, Andrew Gray, and Chris Witt for helping to compile the data; Johanna Desprez and Jarrod Doucette for GIS-related advice; and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticisms and suggestions on how to improve this paper. This research was supported by NSF Macrosystems Biology Grant #1241932 and by a Research Joint Venture Agreement 13-JV11330110-043 and Cost Share Agreement 14-CS-11330110042 between the USDA Forest Service and North Carolina State University. NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0280-7 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DA2AR UT WOS:000367598200008 ER PT J AU Hall, SJ Learned, J Ruddell, B Larson, KL Cavender-Bares, J Bettez, N Groffman, PM Grove, JM Heffernan, JB Hobbie, SE Morse, JL Neill, C Nelson, KC O'Neil-Dunne, JPM Ogden, L Pataki, DE Pearse, WD Polsky, C Chowdhury, RR Steele, MK Trammell, TLE AF Hall, Sharon J. Learned, J. Ruddell, B. Larson, K. L. Cavender-Bares, J. Bettez, N. Groffman, P. M. Grove, J. M. Heffernan, J. B. Hobbie, S. E. Morse, J. L. Neill, C. Nelson, K. C. O'Neil-Dunne, J. P. M. Ogden, L. Pataki, D. E. Pearse, W. D. Polsky, C. Chowdhury, R. Roy Steele, M. K. Trammell, T. L. E. TI Convergence of microclimate in residential landscapes across diverse cities in the United States SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urban homogenization; Residential lawn; Microclimate; Urban heat island (UHI); Humidity; Urban protected area ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-COVER; PHOENIX; USA; HOMOGENIZATION; URBANIZATION; PREFERENCES; TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION AB The urban heat island (UHI) is a well-documented pattern of warming in cities relative to rural areas. Most UHI research utilizes remote sensing methods at large scales, or climate sensors in single cities surrounded by standardized land cover. Relatively few studies have explored continental-scale climatic patterns within common urban microenvironments such as residential landscapes that may affect human comfort. We tested the urban homogenization hypothesis which states that structure and function in cities exhibit ecological "sameness" across diverse regions relative to the native ecosystems they replaced. We deployed portable micrometeorological sensors to compare air temperature and humidity in residential yards and native landscapes across six U.S. cities that span a range of climates (Phoenix, AZ; Los Angeles, CA; Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN; Boston, MA; Baltimore, MD; and Miami, FL). Microclimate in residential ecosystems was more similar among cities than among native ecosystems, particularly during the calm morning hours. Maximum regional actual evapotranspiration (AET) was related to the morning residential microclimate effect. Residential yards in cities with maximum AET < 50-65 cm/year (Phoenix and Los Angeles) were generally cooler and more humid than nearby native shrublands during summer mornings, while yards in cities above this threshold were generally warmer (Baltimore and Miami) and drier (Miami) than native forests. On average, temperature and absolute humidity were similar to 6 % less variable among residential ecosystems than among native ecosystems from diverse regions. These data suggest that common residential land cover and structural characteristics lead to microclimatic convergence across diverse regions at the continental scale. C1 [Hall, Sharon J.; Learned, J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ruddell, B.] Arizona State Univ, Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Larson, K. L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Larson, K. L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Urban Planning & Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cavender-Bares, J.; Hobbie, S. E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bettez, N.; Groffman, P. M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Grove, J. M.] USDA Forest Serv, Baltimore Field Stn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Heffernan, J. B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Morse, J. L.] Portland State Univ, Sch Environm, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Neill, C.] Ctr Ecosyst, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nelson, K. C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nelson, K. C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [O'Neil-Dunne, J. P. M.] Univ Vermont, Spatial Anal Lab, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Ogden, L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Anthropol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Pataki, D. E.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pearse, W. D.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. [Pearse, W. D.] Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Polsky, C.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Chowdhury, R. Roy] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Steele, M. K.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Trammell, T. L. E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Hall, SJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM sharonjhall@asu.edu RI Heffernan, James/D-1261-2010; OI Heffernan, James/0000-0001-7641-9949; Hobbie, Sarah/0000-0001-5159-031X; Morse, Jennifer/0000-0001-8872-4940 FU Macrosystems Biology Program at NSF [EF-1065548, 1065737, 1065740, 1065741, 1065772, 1065785, 1065831, 1241960, 121238320]; Earth Systems Modeling program at NSF [EF-1049251]; NSF Long-term Ecological Research Program in Baltimore (BES LTER) [DEB-0423476]; NSF Long-term Ecological Research Program in Phoenix (CAP LTER) [BCS-1026865]; NSF Long-term Ecological Research Program in Plum Island (PIE LTER Boston) [OCE-1058747, 1238212]; NSF Long-term Ecological Research Program in Cedar Creek (CDR LTER, Minneapolis-St Paul) [DEB-1234162]; NSF Long-term Ecological Research Program in Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE LTER, Miami) [DBI-0620409] FX We are grateful to numerous technical staff, students, and volunteers who assisted with microclimate data collection, including Erin Barton, Matthew Camba, Emma Dixon, La'Shaye Ervin, Caitlin Holmes, Richard McHorney, Miguel Morgan, Joseph Rittenhouse, Anna Royar, Jehane Samaha, Sydney Schiffner, Julea Shaw, Anissa Vega, Elisabeth Ward, and Megan Wheeler. We also thank Darrel Jenerette for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. This project was supported by several collaborative grants from the Macrosystems Biology Program at NSF (EF-1065548, 1065737, 1065740, 1065741, 1065772, 1065785, 1065831, 1241960, and 121238320), and by the Earth Systems Modeling program at NSF (EF-1049251). This work was also supported in part by the NSF Long-term Ecological Research Program in Baltimore (BES LTER, DEB-0423476), Phoenix (CAP LTER, BCS-1026865), Plum Island (PIE LTER Boston; OCE-1058747 and 1238212), Cedar Creek (CDR LTER, Minneapolis-St Paul; DEB-1234162), and Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE LTER, Miami; DBI-0620409). NR 85 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 17 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0297-y PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DA2AR UT WOS:000367598200009 ER PT J AU Riitters, K Wickham, J Costanza, JK Vogt, P AF Riitters, Kurt Wickham, James Costanza, Jennifer K. Vogt, Peter TI A global evaluation of forest interior area dynamics using tree cover data from 2000 to 2012 SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spatial analysis; Forest fragmentation; Monitoring; Assessment ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; MULTIPLE SCALES; TEMPORAL-CHANGE; LANDSCAPES; EDGES; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT AB Published maps of global tree cover derived from Landsat data have indicated substantial changes in forest area from 2000 to 2012. The changes can be arranged in different patterns, with different consequences for forest fragmentation. Thus, the changes in forest area do not necessarily equate to changes in forest sustainability. The objective is to assess global and regional changes in forest fragmentation in relation to the change of forest area from 2000 to 2012. Using published global tree cover data, forest and forest interior areas were mapped in 2000 and 2012. The locations of forest interior change were compared to the locations of overall forest change to identify the direct (pixel level) and indirect (landscape level) components of forest interior change. The changes of forest interior area were compared to the changes of total forest area in each of 768 ecological regions. A 1.71 million km(2) (3.2 %) net loss of global forest area translated to a net loss of 3.76 million km(2) (9.9 %) of forest interior area. The difference in loss rates was consistent in most of the 768 ecological regions. The indirect component accounted for 2.44 million km(2) of the net forest interior change, compared to 1.32 million km(2) that was attributable to the direct component. Forest area loss alone from 2000 to 2012 underestimates ecological risks from forest fragmentation. In addition to the direct loss of forest, there was a widespread shift of the remaining global forest to a more fragmented condition. C1 [Riitters, Kurt] USDA, Southern Res Stn, Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wickham, James] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Costanza, Jennifer K.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Vogt, Peter] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. RP Riitters, K (reprint author), USDA, Southern Res Stn, Forest Serv, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kriitters@fs.fed.us OI Costanza, Jennifer/0000-0002-3747-538X FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development FX We thank M. Hansen, his colleagues, and Google Earth Engine for the global forest change maps. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to EPA review and approved for publication. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 12 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0270-9 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DA2AR UT WOS:000367598200011 ER PT J AU Wang, WJ He, HS Thompson, FR Fraser, JS Dijak, WD AF Wang, Wen J. He, Hong S. Thompson, Frank R., III Fraser, Jacob S. Dijak, William D. TI Landscape- and regional-scale shifts in forest composition under climate change in the Central Hardwood Region of the United States SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Harvest; Succession; Demography; LANDIS PRO; US Forest Service Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; HABITAT MODELS; CHANGE IMPACTS; RANGE SHIFTS; LANDIS PRO; DYNAMICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIODIVERSITY; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTIONS AB Tree species distribution and abundance are affected by forces operating at multiple scales. Niche and biophysical process models have been commonly used to predict climate change effects at regional scales, however, these models have limited capability to include site-scale population dynamics and landscape-scale disturbance and dispersal. We applied a landscape modeling approach that incorporated three levels of spatial hierarchy (pixel, landtype, and ecological subsection) to model regional-scale shifts in forest composition under climate change. To determine (1) how importance value of individual species will change under the PCM B1 and GFDL A1FI modeling scenarios and (2) how overall forest composition at different spatial scales will change under these climate change scenarios in the short, medium, and long term in the Central Hardwood Forest Region (CHFR). We used LANDIS PRO to predict forest composition changes from 2000 to 2300 accounting for climate change, population dynamics, dispersal, and harvest in the CHFR. We analyzed forest composition shifts under alternative climate scenarios and at multiple spatial scales. Shifts in forest composition were greater under the GFDL A1FI than the PCM B1 modeling scenarios and were greatest at the scale of ecological sections followed by forest sub-regions and the whole CHFR. Forest composition shifted toward more southern and xeric species and lesser northern and mesic species. We suggest it is essential to include site- and landscape-scale processes in models and to evaluate changes at multiple spatial and temporal scales when evaluating changes in species composition due to climate change and disturbance. C1 [Wang, Wen J.; He, Hong S.; Fraser, Jacob S.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III; Dijak, William D.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP He, HS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wangwenj@missouri.edu; heh@missouri.edu; fraserjs@missouri.edu; frthompson@fs.fed.us; wdijak@fs.fed.us FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service Northern Research Station and Eastern Region; Department of Interior USGS Northeast Climate Science Center; University of Missouri-Columbia FX This project was funded by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service Northern Research Station and Eastern Region, the Department of Interior USGS Northeast Climate Science Center graduate and post-doctoral fellowships, and the University of Missouri-Columbia. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 149 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0294-1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DA2AR UT WOS:000367598200012 ER PT J AU Gilbert, MK Mack, BM Wei, QJ Bland, JM Bhatnagar, D Cary, JW AF Gilbert, Matthew K. Mack, Brian M. Wei, Qijian Bland, John M. Bhatnagar, Deepak Cary, Jeffrey W. TI RNA sequencing of an nsdC mutant reveals global regulation of secondary metabolic gene clusters in Aspergillus flavus SO MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; Aflatoxin; Secondary metabolites; nsdC; RNA-sequencing ID ENHANCED ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENE; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; SECTION FLAVI; NIDULANS; BIOSYNTHESIS; VEA; EXPRESSION; ORYZAE AB The filamentous fungus, Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) is an opportunistic pathogen capable of invading a number of crops and contaminating them with toxic secondary metabolites such as aflatoxins. Characterizing the molecular mechanisms governing growth and development of this organism is vital for developing safe and effective strategies for reducing crop contamination. The transcription factor nsdC has been identified as being required for normal asexual development and aflatoxin production in A. flavus. Building on a previous study using a large (L)-sclerotial morphotype A. flavus nsdC mutant we observed alterations in conidiophore development and loss of sclerotial and aflatoxin production using a nsdC mutant of a small (S)-sclerotial morphotype, that normally produces aflatoxin and sclerotia in quantities much higher than the t-morphotype. RNA sequencing analysis of the nsdC knockout mutant and isogenic control strain identified a number of differentially expressed genes related to development and production of secondary metabolites, including aflatoxin, penicillin and aflatrem. Further, RNA-seq data indicating down regulation of aflatrem biosynthetic gene expression in the nsdC mutant correlated with HPLC analyses showing a decrease in aflatrem levels. The current study expands the role of nsdC as a globally acting transcription factor that is a critical regulator of both asexual reproduction and secondary metabolism in A. flavus. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Gilbert, Matthew K.; Mack, Brian M.; Wei, Qijian; Bland, John M.; Bhatnagar, Deepak; Cary, Jeffrey W.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cary, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jeff.cary@ars.esda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX We would like to thank Shannon Beltz and Carol Carter-Wientjes for their technical expertise with microscopy, TLC, and HPLC. Alexis Payne and Darlene Downey helped conduct the qPCR experiments. This research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-5013 J9 MICROBIOL RES JI Microbiol. Res. PY 2016 VL 182 BP 150 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.micres.2015.08.007 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DA5RU UT WOS:000367861000016 PM 26686623 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Klaus, MW AF Yee, Wee L. Klaus, Michael W. TI Implications of Rhagoletis zephyria Snow, 1894 (Diptera: Tephritidae) captures for apple maggot surveys and fly ecology in Washington State, USA SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis pomonella; hawthorn; snowberry; yellow sticky traps; aculeus length; climate ID CHERRY FRUIT-FLY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; HOST-PLANT USE; POMONELLA DIPTERA; ABUNDANCE; RECORDS; RACES; SHAPE AB The apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh, 1867) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an introduced quarantine pest of apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosaceae), in Washington State, U.S.A.A morphologically similar native fly, Rhagoletis zephyria Snow, 1894, infests snow-berries, Symphoricarpos spp. (Caprifoliaceae), and is also present in Washington. Although it is not a pest of apples, R. zephyria is caught on sticky yellow rectangles baited with ammonia deployed for R. pomonella, which could have implications for apple maggot surveys and understanding differences in the ecology of the flies. Here, we report the relative abundance of R. zephyria and R. pomonella on traps placed in apple maggot host trees during surveys, including in the dry apple-growing regions of central and eastern Washington. Rhagoletis zephyria outnumbered R. pomonella on traps from 3 to 1102 times to one, increasing times required for accurate species identifications and implying that traps that are more specific for R. pomonella would be useful. Despite the high numbers of R. zephyria caught, >94% of all female flies could be identified to species, suggesting that R. zephyria minimally affected the accuracy of surveys. Detections of both fly species were lower in drier than wetter locations; however, mean annual precipitation was more positively correlated with R. pomonella than with R. zephyria captures. The greater relative abundance of native R. zephyria in drier counties implies that it is better adapted to central and eastern Washington than is the invasive R. pomonella or that habitat factors in these regions favor R. zephyria abundance. C1 [Yee, Wee L.] ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Klaus, Michael W.] Washington State Dept Agr, Plant Protect Div, Yakima, WA 98902 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov; mklaus@agr.wa.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 EI 2162-0237 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 91 IS 4 BP 305 EP 317 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DA5AV UT WOS:000367815400002 ER PT J AU Westcott, RL Haines, RD Hishinuma, SM Nelson, LJ Seybold, SJ AF Westcott, Richard L. Haines, R. Dennis Hishinuma, Stacy M. Nelson, Lori J. Seybold, Steven J. TI Chrysobothris analis LeConte, 1860 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) discovered in California with notes on Chrysobothris wintu Wellso & Manley, 2007 SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTH; USA C1 [Westcott, Richard L.] Oregon Dept Agr, Plant Div, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Haines, R. Dennis] Tulare Agr Commissioner Sealers Off, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. [Hishinuma, Stacy M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Nelson, Lori J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Seybold, Steven J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Seybold, SJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, HDH001 Orchard Pk Dr,Room 116, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rwestcott@oda.state.or.us; DHaines@co.tulare.ca.us; smhishin@ucdavis.edu; lnelson@fs.fed.us; sjseybold@gmail.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 EI 2162-0237 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 91 IS 4 BP 337 EP 341 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DA5AV UT WOS:000367815400004 ER PT J AU Yashwanth, BL Shotorban, B Mahalingam, S Lautenberger, CW Weise, DR AF Yashwanth, B. L. Shotorban, B. Mahalingam, S. Lautenberger, C. W. Weise, D. R. TI A numerical investigation of the influence of radiation and moisture content on pyrolysis and ignition of a leaf-like fuel element SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Computational; Pyrolysis; Live fuels; Cellulose; Ignition ID FIRE SPREAD; HEAT-TRANSFER; CELLULOSE PYROLYSIS; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; COMBUSTION; WOOD; MODELS; LIGNIN; STATE; BED AB The effects of thermal radiation and moisture content on the pyrolysis and gas-phase ignition of a solid fuel element containing high moisture content were investigated using the coupled Gpyro3D/FDS models. The solid fuel has dimensions of a typical Arctostaphylos glandulosa leaf which is modeled as thin cellulose subjected to radiative heating on one side. We incorporated a five-step extended Broido-Shafizadeh reaction model for thermal degradation, moisture evaporation, and pyrolysis of cellulose in Gpyro3D. The solid-phase model was successfully validated against published data. Ignition of the modeled leaf-like fuel element at three initial moisture contents (5%, 40%, or 80%) exposed to a 1500 K radiant source was simulated. Lower moisture content resulted in earlier onset of pyrolysis and ignition resulting in higher solid and gas phase temperatures. Local moisture evaporation and temperature rise were observed in all three cases and a significant amount of moisture remained in the sample during ignition. The numerical results suggested that moisture content not only affected the process of pyrolysis, but also influenced the ignition and gas phase combustion of the solid fuel. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yashwanth, B. L.; Shotorban, B.; Mahalingam, S.] Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Lautenberger, C. W.] Reax Engn Inc, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Weise, D. R.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Shotorban, B (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM babak.shotorban@uah.edu OI Mahalingam, Shankar/0000-0002-4543-7201 FU Joint Fire Sciences Program [11-1-4-19]; University of Alabama in Huntsville FX The first three authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Joint Fire Sciences Program project 11-1-4-19 administered by the USDA Forest Service PSW Research Station through cooperative agreement 11-JV-11272167-103 with The University of Alabama in Huntsville. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2016 VL 163 BP 301 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.10.006 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CZ7KP UT WOS:000367278600024 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Glass, SV Boardman, CR Derome, D AF Zelinka, Samuel L. Glass, Samuel V. Boardman, Charles R. Derome, Dominique TI Comparison of the corrosion of fasteners embedded in wood measured in outdoor exposure with the predictions from a combined hygrothermal-corrosion model SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carbon steel; Zinc; Modelling studies; Weight loss ID 100-PERCENT RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; AQUEOUS TIMBER PRESERVATIVES; ZINC-BASED MATERIALS; TREATED WOOD; THREADED FASTENER; BLACK LIQUOR; SURFACE-AREA; STEEL; TANNINS; RATES AB This paper examines the accuracy of a recently developed hygrothermal-corrosion model which predicts the corrosion of fasteners embedded in wood by comparing the results of the model to a one year field test. Steel and galvanized steel fasteners were embedded into untreated and preservative treated wood and exposed outdoors while weather data were collected. Qualitatively, the distribution of corrosion products along the length of the fastener were in agreement with the simulation results. Quantitatively, the combined hygrothermal-corrosion model predicted 20% less corrosion than measured in the exposure test for galvanized steel fasteners due to a lower simulated moisture content. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zelinka, Samuel L.; Glass, Samuel V.; Boardman, Charles R.] US Forest Serv, Bldg & Fire Sci, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Derome, Dominique] Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich ETHZ, Chair Bldg Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Bldg & Fire Sci, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM szelinka@fs.fed.us OI Zelinka, Samuel/0000-0002-1348-7730; Boardman, Charles/0000-0002-9571-5601 FU US Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory FX This work was funded by the US Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory. The authors acknowledge the assistance of Tom Kuster in producing the scanning electron microscopy images. The manuscript was prepared by US government employees on official time and is therefore in the public domain and not subject to copyright. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X EI 1879-0496 J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 102 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.10.007 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CZ7JM UT WOS:000367275700018 ER PT J AU Quance, C Robbe-Austerman, S Stuber, T Brignole, T DeBess, EE Boyd, L LeaMaster, B Tiller, R Draper, J Humphrey, S Erdman, MM AF Quance, Christine Robbe-Austerman, Suelee Stuber, Tod Brignole, Tom DeBess, Emilio E. Boyd, Laurel LeaMaster, Brad Tiller, Rebekah Draper, Jenny Humphrey, Sharon Erdman, Matthew M. TI Identification of Source of Brucella suis Infection in Human by Using Whole-Genome Sequencing, United States and Tonga SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FRAMEWORK AB Brucella suis infection was diagnosed in a man from Tonga, Polynesia, who had butchered swine in Oregon, USA. Although the US commercial swine herd is designated brucellosis-free, exposure history suggested infection from commercial pigs. We used whole-genome sequencing to determine that the man was infected in Tonga, averting a field investigation. C1 [Quance, Christine; Robbe-Austerman, Suelee; Stuber, Tod; Erdman, Matthew M.] Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Brignole, Tom] Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Tumwater, WA USA. [DeBess, Emilio E.; Boyd, Laurel] Oregon Hlth Author, Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [LeaMaster, Brad] Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR USA. [Tiller, Rebekah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Draper, Jenny; Humphrey, Sharon] Minist Primary Ind, Hlth Anim Lab, Wallaceville, New Zealand. RP Robbe-Austerman, S (reprint author), Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Suelee.Robbe-Austerman@aphis.usda.gov OI Draper, Jenny/0000-0002-6916-6442 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.3201/eid2201.150843 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CZ9LE UT WOS:000367418300013 PM 26689610 ER PT J AU Jin, WC He, HS Thompson, FR AF Jin, Wenchi He, Hong S. Thompson, Frank R., III TI Are more complex physiological models of forest ecosystems better choices for plot and regional predictions? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Process-based forest ecosystem models; Carbon; Model comparison; Decadal scale; Plot scale; Regional scale ID NEIGHBOR IMPUTATION APPROACH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL CHANGE; GAP MODELS; OAK FOREST; BIOMASS; GROWTH AB Process-based forest ecosystem models vary from simple physiological, complex physiological, to hybrid empirical-physiological models. Previous studies indicate that complex models provide the best prediction at plot scale with a temporal extent of less than 10 years, however, it is largely untested as to whether complex models outperform the other two types of models at plot and regional scale in longer timeframe (i.e. decades). We compared model predictions of aboveground carbon by one representative model of each model type (PnET-II, ED2 and LINKAGES v2.2, respectively) with field data (19-77 years) at both scales in the Central Hardwood Forests of the United States. At plot scale, predictions by complex physiological model were the most concordant with field data, suggesting that physiological processes are more influential than forest composition and structure. Hybrid model provided the best predictions at regional scale, suggesting that forest composition and structure may be more influential than physiological processes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jin, Wenchi; He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP He, HS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 203 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM HeH@missouri.edu FU Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center graduate fellowship; University of Missouri GIS Mission Enhancement Program; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX Funding for this work was provided by a Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center graduate fellowship, the University of Missouri GIS Mission Enhancement Program, and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. We thank Jerry Van Sambeek, Stephen Shifley, John Kabrick and Todd Hutchinson for providing field data, Christopher Wikle, William Dijak, Ke Zhang, Brice Hanberry and Jeffrey Schneiderman for their technical support, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which greatly improved the manuscript. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 75 SI SI BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.10.004 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ4XI UT WOS:000367105900001 ER PT J AU Wright, MS Lax, AR AF Wright, Maureen S. Lax, Alan R. TI Improved mortality of the Formosan subterranean termite by fungi, when amended with cuticle-degrading enzymes or eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors SO FOLIA MICROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; NODULATION RESPONSES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOCONTROL AGENT; CHITINASE; VIRULENCE AB Formosan subterranean termites (FST) were exposed to strains of Beauveria pseudobassiana (Bpb) and Isaria fumosorosea (Ifr) to determine virulence of the fungi. Once lethality was determined, sublethal doses of Bpb were combined with enzymes capable of degrading the insect cuticle to measure the potential to enhance fungal infection. Bpb applied to FST in combination with proteinases and a chitinase caused increased mortality over the fungus alone. Mortality was enhanced when Ifr was applied to FST in combination with a chitinase isolated from Serratia marcesans. A lipase isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia, when combined with Ifr, also resulted in greater mortality than all control treatments. FST were also exposed to the eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) dexamethasone (DEX), ibuprofen (IBU), and ibuprofen sodium salt (IBUNA), in combination with Ifr. Combining Ifr with IBUNA caused significantly increased mortality on days 6, 7, and 9. Cuticle-degrading enzymes and EBIs may have potential to enhance the pathogenic effect of a fungal control agent against the Formosan subterranean termite. C1 [Wright, Maureen S.; Lax, Alan R.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Wright, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Maureen.Wright@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-5632 EI 1874-9356 J9 FOLIA MICROBIOL JI Folia Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s12223-015-0412-0 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA DA2BV UT WOS:000367601200010 PM 26122366 ER PT J AU Qin, JW Chao, KL Kim, M Cho, BK AF Qin, Jianwei Chao, Kuanglin Kim, Moon S. Cho, Byoung-Kwan TI Line-Scan Macro-scale Raman Chemical Imaging for Authentication of Powdered Foods and Ingredients SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; Chemical imaging; Food powders; Adulteration; Food safety; Food authentication ID BENZOYL PEROXIDE; WHEAT-FLOUR; SPECTROSCOPY; ADULTERATION; NIR; MELAMINE; QUALITY; SAFETY; SYSTEM; HPLC AB Adulteration and fraud for powdered foods and ingredients are rising food safety risks that threaten consumers' health. In this study, a newly developed line-scan macro-scale Raman imaging system using a 5-W 785-nm line laser as excitation source was used to authenticate food powders. The system was used to collect hyperspectral Raman images in a wave number range of 102-2865 cm(-1) from three representative food powders mixed with selected chemical adulterants with a concentration of 0.5 %, including milk powder and melamine, wheat flour and benzoyl peroxide, and corn starch and maleic anhydride. An acoustic mixer that generates high-intensity acoustic waves was used to create food-adulterant mixtures. Maximum penetration depths of the line laser through powders of milk, flour, and starch were all estimated at 3 mm using layered food-on-adulterant samples. All the mixed samples were placed in sample holders with a surface area of 50 mm x 50 mm and a depth of 3 mm to ensure the adulterant particles at the very bottom can still be detected. Raman spectral and image processing algorithms were developed based on fluorescence correction and single-band images at unique Raman peaks of the individual adulterants. Chemical images were created to show identification, spatial distribution, and morphological features of the adulterant particles mixed in the food powders. The potential of estimating mass concentrations of the adulterants using the percentages of the adulterant pixels in the chemical images (i.e., volume concentrations) was also demonstrated. C1 [Qin, Jianwei; Chao, Kuanglin; Kim, Moon S.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cho, Byoung-Kwan] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Biosyst Machinery Engn, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RP Chao, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303,BARC East,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kevin.chao@ars.usda.gov FU Minist