FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Yan, ZJ Chen, S Li, JL Alva, A Chen, Q AF Yan, Zhengjuan Chen, Shuo Li, Junliang Alva, Ashok Chen, Qing TI Manure and nitrogen application enhances soil phosphorus mobility in calcareous soil in greenhouses SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB Over many years, high phosphorus (P) loading for intensive vegetable cropping in greenhouses of North China has contributed to excessive P accumulation, resulting in environmental risk. In this study, the influences of manure and nitrogen (N) application on the transformation and transport of soil P were investigated after nine years in a greenhouse tomato double cropping system (winter-spring and autumn-winter seasons). High loading of manure significantly increased the soil inorganic P (Pi), inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP), mobile P and P saturation ratio (PSR, >0.7 in 0-30 cm depth soil; PSR was estimated from P/(Fe + Al) in an oxalate extract of the soil). The high rate of N fertilizer application to the studied calcareous soil with heavy loading of manure increased the following: (i) mobile organic P (Po) and Pi fractions, as evidenced by the decrease in the ratio of monoesters to diesters and the proportion of stable Pi (i.e., HCl-Pi) in total P (Pt) in 0-30 cm depth soil; (ii) relative distribution of Po in the subsoil layer; and (iii) P leaching to soil depths below 90 cm and the proportion of Po in Pt in the leachate. More acidic soil due to excessive N application increased P mobility and leaching. The increase in Ox-Al (oxalate -extractable Al) and the proportion of microbe-associated Po related to N application at soil depths of 0-30 cm suggested decrease in the net Po mineralization, which may contribute to downward transport of Po in the soil profile. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 181 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.081 UT WOS:000383291700004 PM 27300290 ER PT J AU Tuggle, CK Giuffra, E White, SN Clarke, L Zhou, HJ Ross, PJ Acloque, H Reecy, JM Archibald, A Bellone, RR Boichard, M Chamberlain, A Cheng, H Crooijmans, RPMA Delany, ME Finno, CJ Groenen, MAM Hayes, B Lunney, JK Petersen, JL Plastow, GS Schmidt, CJ Song, JZ Watson, M AF Tuggle, Christopher K. Giuffra, Elisabetta White, Stephen N. Clarke, Laura Zhou, Huaijun Ross, Pablo J. Acloque, Herve Reecy, James M. Archibald, Alan Bellone, Rebecca R. Boichard, Michele Chamberlain, Amanda Cheng, Hans Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A. Delany, Mary E. Finno, Carrie J. Groenen, Martien A. M. Hayes, Ben Lunney, Joan K. Petersen, Jessica L. Plastow, Graham S. Schmidt, Carl J. Song, Jiuzhou Watson, Mick TI GO-FAANG meeting: a Gathering On Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes SO ANIMAL GENETICS AB The Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) Consortium recently held a Gathering On FAANG (GO-FAANG) Workshop in Washington, DC on October 7-8, 2015. This consortium is a grass-roots organization formed to advance the annotation of newly assembled genomes of domesticated and non-model organisms (www.faang.org). The workshop gathered together from around the world a group of 100+ genome scientists, administrators, representatives of funding agencies and commodity groups to discuss the latest advancements of the consortium, new perspectives, next steps and implementation plans. The workshop was streamed live and recorded, and all talks, along with speaker slide presentations, are available at www.faang.org. In this report, we describe the major activities and outcomes of this meeting. We also provide updates on ongoing efforts to implement discussions and decisions taken at GO-FAANG to guide future FAANG activities. In summary, reference datasets are being established under pilot projects; plans for tissue sets, morphological classification and methods of sample collection for different tissues were organized; and core assays and data and meta-data analysis standards were established. RI Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012; Giuffra, Elisabetta/J-8080-2014; OI Clarke, Laura/0000-0002-5989-6898; Archibald, Alan/0000-0001-9213-1830; Watson, Mick/0000-0003-4211-0358 SN 0268-9146 EI 1365-2052 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 47 IS 5 BP 528 EP 533 DI 10.1111/age.12466 UT WOS:000382493600002 PM 27453069 ER PT J AU Kader, A Liu, XX Dong, KZ Song, S Pan, JF Yang, M Chen, XF He, XH Jiang, L Ma, YH AF Kader, Adiljan Liu, Xuexue Dong, Kunzhe Song, Shen Pan, Jianfei Yang, Min Chen, Xiaofei He, Xiaohong Jiang, Lin Ma, Yuehui TI Identification of copy number variations in three Chinese horse breeds using 70K single nucleotide polymorphism BeadChip array SO ANIMAL GENETICS AB Copy number variation (CNV), an essential form of genetic variation, has been increasingly recognized as one promising genetic marker in the analysis of animal genomes. Here, we used the Equine 70K single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array for the genome-wide detection of CNVs in 96 horses from three diverse Chinese breeds: Debao pony (DB), Mongolian horse (MG) and Yili horse (YL). A total of 287 CNVs were determined and merged into 122 CNV regions (CNVRs) ranging from 199 bp to 2344 kb in size and distributed in a heterogeneous manner on chromosomes. These CNVRs were integrated with seven existing reports to generate a composite genome-wide dataset of 1558 equine CNVRs, revealing 69 (56.6%) novel CNVRs. The majority (69.7%) of the 122 CNVRs overlapped with 438 genes, whereas 30.3% were located in intergenic regions. Most of these genes were associated with common CNVRs, which were shared by divergent horse breeds. As many as 60, 42 and 91 genes overlapping with the breed-specific ss were identified in DB, MG and YL respectively. Among these genes, FGF11, SPEM1, PPARG, CIDEB, HIVEP1 and GALR may have potential relevance to breed-specific traits. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the equine genome and facilitating association studies of economically important traits with equine CNVRs in the future. SN 0268-9146 EI 1365-2052 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 47 IS 5 BP 560 EP 569 DI 10.1111/age.12451 UT WOS:000382493600006 PM 27440410 ER PT J AU Meree, CE Schueneman, GT Meredith, JC Shofner, ML AF Meree, Caitlin E. Schueneman, Gregory T. Meredith, J. Carson Shofner, Meisha L. TI Rheological behavior of highly loaded cellulose nanocrystal/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite suspensions SO CELLULOSE AB Recent emphasis on the pilot scale production of cellulosic nanomaterials has increased interest in the effective use of these materials as reinforcements for polymer composites. An important, enabling step to realizing the potential of cellulosic nanomaterials in their applications is the materials processing of CNC/polymer composites through multiple routes, i.e. melt, solution, and aqueous processing methods. Therefore, the objective of this research is to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of aqueous nanocomposite suspensions containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and a water-soluble polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Specifically, small amplitude oscillatory shear measurements were performed on neat PVA solutions and CNC-loaded PVA suspensions. The experimental results indicated that the methods used in this study were able to produce high-quality nanocomposite suspensions at high CNC loadings, up to 67 wt% with respect to PVA. Additionally, the structure achieved in the nanocomposite suspensions was understood through component attributes and interactions. At CNC loadings near and less than the percolation threshold, a polymer mediated CNC network was present. At loadings well above the percolation threshold, a CNC network was present, indicated by limited molecular weight dependence of the storage modulus. Overall, these results provide increased fundamental understanding of CNC/PVA suspensions that can be leveraged to develop advanced aqueous processing methods for these materials. RI Meredith, Carson/B-3323-2009 OI Meredith, Carson/0000-0003-2519-5003 SN 0969-0239 EI 1572-882X PD OCT PY 2016 VL 23 IS 5 BP 3001 EP 3012 DI 10.1007/s10570-016-1003-1 UT WOS:000382634300018 ER PT J AU Shimwela, MM Narouei-Khandan, HA Halbert, SE Keremane, ML Minsavage, GV Timilsina, S Massawe, DP Jones, JB van Bruggen, AHC AF Shimwela, Mpoki M. Narouei-Khandan, Hossein A. Halbert, Susan E. Keremane, Manjunath L. Minsavage, Gerald V. Timilsina, Sujan Massawe, Deogracious Protas Jones, Jeffrey B. van Bruggen, Ariena H. C. TI First occurrence of Diaphorina citri in East Africa, characterization of the Ca. Liberibacter species causing huanglongbing (HLB) in Tanzania, and potential further spread of D-citri and HLB in Africa and Europe SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY AB Citrus surveys were conducted at high (> 700 m), medium (300-600 m) and low (< 200 m) altitudes in Tanzania in 2014/15. Adults and nymphs of Trioza erytreae (del Guercio) were abundant in the highlands and less abundant at medium altitudes. Unexpectedly, adults and nymphs of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the Asian citrus psyllid, were found and collected at medium altitudes, around Morogoro. No psyllids were observed at low altitudes. Severe huanglongbing symptoms and tree decline were evident at high altitudes, while mild and few symptoms were observed at intermediate and low altitudes, respectively. DNA was extracted from leaf and psyllid samples and subjected to conventional PCR (cPCR) with seven different primer sets and RT qPCR with two primer sets. cPCR bands were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Candidatus Liberibacter africanus (Laf) was detected in highland leaf and T. erytreae samples from high and medium altitudes by all methods. Sequences from leaves and psyllids were similar to those from South Africa. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) was detected by qPCR in medium altitude leaf samples, but cross-reaction with Laf was likely because presence of Las was not confirmed by cPCR and sequencing. Neither Laf nor Las were detected in D. citri samples. This is the first reported occurrence of D. citri in Africa. Predictions were made of the potential distribution of D. citri and Las in Africa and along the Mediterranean coast using the correlative models MAXENT and Multi-Model Framework. Additional surveys at medium and low altitudes and quarantine measures are recommended. SN 0929-1873 EI 1573-8469 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 146 IS 2 BP 349 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s10658-016-0921-y UT WOS:000382862800010 ER PT J AU Hazir, S Shapiro-Ilan, DI Bock, CH Hazir, C Leite, LG Hotchkiss, MW AF Hazir, Selcuk Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Bock, Clive H. Hazir, Canan Leite, Luis G. Hotchkiss, Michael W. TI Relative potency of culture supernatants of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp. on growth of some fungal phytopathogens SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY AB In previous research, concentrated metabolites produced by bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus (which are symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes) were reported to be highly suppressive to fungal and oomycete plant pathogens. Conceivably, application of non-concentrated bacterial filtrates would be more economically feasible compared to using concentrated metabolites. We evaluated the potency of 10 % v/v cell-free supernatants of the bacteria X. bovienii, X. nematophila, X. cabanillasii, X. szentirmaii, P. temperata, P. luminescens (VS) and P. luminescens (K22) against Fusicladium carpophilum (peach scab), F. effusum (pecan scab), Monilinia fructicola (brown rot), Glomerella cingulata (anthracnose) and Armillaria tabescens (root rot). A bioactive compound derived from Photorhabdus bacteria, trans-cinnamic acid (TCA), was also compared with the bacterial filtrates. Fungal colony size based on manual measurements was compared for accuracy to measurements taken by image analysis. Supernatants of Xenorhabdus spp. exhibited stronger suppressive effects on spore germination and vegetative growth when compared with Photorhabdus spp. Overall, TCA was the most effective treatment; vegetative growth was completely inhibited by TCA (1.27 mg/ml). TCA treatments also suppressed spore germination of F. carpophylium and F. effussum by approximately 90 %. The efficacy of supernatants varied among Xenorhabdus species depending on the species tested, but X. szentirmaii filtrates tended to cause greater inhibition relative to the other bacteria supernatants. Manual measurement of colony diameter required at least two replicate estimates of the colony to avoid a type II error. Area measurements were slightly overestimated based on ruler measurements, but did not affect the outcome of the analysis. Supernatants of Xenorhabdus spp., Photorhabdus spp., or TCA, did not cause any phytotoxic effects when applied to various plant species in the greenhouse. Our results indicate the potential of using TCA or Xenorhabdus cell free supernatants as bio-fungicides. Such a product, based on bacterial culture supernatants, would be economically viable, marketable and easily applicable by the end-users in many situations. SN 0929-1873 EI 1573-8469 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 146 IS 2 BP 369 EP 381 DI 10.1007/s10658-016-0923-9 UT WOS:000382862800011 ER PT J AU Li-Byarlay, H Huang, MH Simone-Finstrom, M Strand, MK Tarpy, DR Rueppell, O AF Li-Byarlay, Hongmei Huang, Ming Hua Simone-Finstrom, Michael Strand, Micheline K. Tarpy, David R. Rueppell, Olav TI Honey bee (Apis mellifera) drones survive oxidative stress due to increased tolerance instead of avoidance or repair of oxidative damage SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY AB Oxidative stress can lead to premature aging symptoms and cause acute mortality at higher doses in a range of organisms. Oxidative stress resistance and longevity are mechanistically and phenotypically linked; considerable variation in oxidative stress resistance exists among and within species and typically covaries with life expectancy. However, it is unclear whether stress-resistant, long-lived individuals avoid, repair, or tolerate molecular damage to survive longer than others. The honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) is an emerging model system that is well-suited to address this question. Furthermore, this species is the most economically important pollinator, whose health may be compromised by pesticide exposure, including oxidative stressors. Here, we develop a protocol for inducing oxidative stress in honey beemales (drones) via Paraquat injection. After injection, individuals from different colony sources were kept in common social conditions to monitor their survival compared to saline-injected controls. Oxidative stress was measured in susceptible and resistant individuals. Paraquat drastically reduced survival but individuals varied in their resistance to treatment within and among colony sources. Longer-lived individuals exhibited higher levels of lipid peroxidation than individuals dying early. In contrast, the level of protein carbonylation was not significantly different between the two groups. This first study of oxidative stress in male honey bees suggests that survival of an acute oxidative stressor is due to tolerance, not prevention or repair, of oxidative damage to lipids. It also demonstrates colony differences in oxidative stress resistance that might be useful for breeding stress-resistant honey bees. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. OI Li-Byarlay, Hongmei/0000-0001-6579-5172; Rueppell, Olav/0000-0001-5370-4229 SN 0531-5565 EI 1873-6815 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 83 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.exger.2016.07.003 UT WOS:000382215600003 PM 27422326 ER PT J AU Rangel-Zuniga, OA Corina, A Lucena-Porras, B Cruz-Teno, C Gomez-Delgado, F Jimenez-Lucena, R Alcala-Diaz, JF Haro-Mariscal, C Yubero-Serrano, EM Delgado-Lista, J Lopez-Moreno, J Rodriguez-Cantalejo, F Camargo, A Tinahones, FJ Ordovas, JM Lopez-Miranda, J Perez-Martinez, P AF Oriol, Alberto Rangel-Zuniga Corina, Andreea Lucena-Porras, Beatriz Cruz-Teno, Cristina Gomez-Delgado, Francisco Jimenez-Lucena, Rosa Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Juan Haro-Mariscal, Carmen Maria Yubero-Serrano, Elena Delgado-Lista, Javier Lopez-Moreno, Javier Rodriguez-Cantalejo, Fernando Camargo, Antonio Jose Tinahones, Francisco Maria Ordovas, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Jose Perez-Martinez, Pablo TI TNFA gene variants related to the inflammatory status and its association with cellular aging: From the CORDIOPREV study SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY AB Background: Several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been proposed as potential predictors of the development of age-related diseases. Objective: To explore whether Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFA) gene variants were associated with inflammatory status, thus facilitating the rate of telomere shortening and its relation to cellular aging in a population with established cardiovascular disease from the CORDIOPREV study (NCT00924937). Materials and methods: SNPs (rs1800629 and rs1799964) located at the TNFA gene were genotyped by OpenArray platform in 840 subjects with established cardiovascular disease. Relative telomere length was determined by real time PCR and plasma levels of C-reactive protein by ELISA. In a subgroup of 90 subjects, the gene expression profiles of TNFA, IKK beta, p47phox, p40phox, p22phox and gp91phox were determined by qRT-PCR. Results: GG subjects for the SNP rs1800629 at the TNFA gene showed shorter relative telomere length and higher plasma levels of hs-CRP than A-allele subjects (p < 0.05). Consistent with these findings, the expression of proinflammatory (TNFA) and pro-oxidant (p47phox and the gp91phox) genes was higher in GG subjects than A allele subjects (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Subjects carrying the GG genotype for the SNP rs1800629 at the TNFA gene show a greater activation of the proinflammatory status than A-allele carriers, which is related to ROS formation. These ROS could induce DNA damage especially in the telomeric sequence, by decreasing the telomere length and inducing cellular aging. This effect may also increase the risk of the development of age-related diseases. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RI Yubero-Serrano, Elena /H-4832-2013; OI Gomez Delgado, Francisco/0000-0002-0216-2084 SN 0531-5565 EI 1873-6815 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 83 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.exger.2016.07.015 UT WOS:000382215600008 PM 27477483 ER PT J AU Cano-Terriza, D Puig-Ribas, M Jimenez-Ruiz, S Cabezon, O Almeria, S Galan-Relano, A Dubey, JP Garcia-Bocanegra, I AF Cano-Terriza, David Puig-Ribas, Maria Jimenez-Ruiz, Saul Cabezon, Oscar Almeria, Sonia Galan-Relano, Angela Dubey, Jitender P. Garcia-Bocanegra, Ignacio TI Risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in hunting, pet and watchdogs from southern Spain and northern Africa SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AB Dogs can act as reservoirs of Toxoplasma gondii infections for humans and other hosts. Here we determined seroprevalence and risk factors of T. gondii infection in dogs from Andalusia (Southern Spain) and Ceuta (Northern Africa). Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 235 out of 769 dogs (30.6%; CI95%: 27.3-33.8) by the modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off of 1:25) with titers of 1:25 in 91, 1:50 in 43, 1:100 in 84, and >= 1:500 in 17 dogs. The main risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in dogs were age (higher seroprevalence in older dogs), hunter activity and size (higher seroprevalence in larger and medium dogs). This is the first study on T. gondii infection in pet dogs from Spain and Ceuta. The results indicate that T. gondii is widespread in dogs in mainland Spain and Ceuta, which might have important implications for public health. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 1383-5769 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 65 IS 5 BP 363 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2016.05.001 PN A UT WOS:000381593200001 PM 27155133 ER PT J AU DeLiberto, ST Werner, SJ AF DeLiberto, Shelagh T. Werner, Scott J. TI Review of anthraquinone applications for pest management and agricultural crop protection SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AB We have reviewed published anthraquinone applications for international pest management and agricultural crop protection from 1943 to 2016. Anthraquinone (AQ) is commonly found in dyes, pigments and many plants and organisms. Avian repellent research with AQ began in the 1940s. In the context of pest management, AQ is currently used as a chemical repellent, perch deterrent, insecticide and feeding deterrent in many wild birds, and in some mammals, insects and fishes. Criteria for evaluation of effective chemical repellents include efficacy, potential for wildlife hazards, phytotoxicity and environmental persistence. As a biopesticide, AQ often meets these criteria of efficacy for the non-lethal management of agricultural depredation caused by wildlife. We summarize published applications of AQ for the protection of newly planted and maturing crops from pest birds. Conventional applications of AQ-based repellents include preplant seed treatments [e.g. corn (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), wheat (Triticum spp.), millet (Panicum spp.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), pelletized feed and forest tree species] and foliar applications for rice, sunflower, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), turf, sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), sweet corn and nursery, fruit and nut crops. In addition to agricultural repellent applications, AQ has also been used to treat toxicants for the protection of non-target birds. Few studies have demonstrated AQ repellency in mammals, including wild boar (Sus scrofa, L.), thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus, Mitchill), black-tailed prairie dogs (Cyomys ludovicainus, Ord.), common voles (Microtus arvalis, Pallas), house mice (Mus musculus, L.), Tristram's jirds (Meriones tristrami, Thomas) and black rats (Rattus rattus L.). Natural sources of AQ and its derivatives have also been identified as insecticides and insect repellents. As a natural or synthetic biopesticide, AQ is a promising candidate for many contexts of non-lethal and insecticidal pest management. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1813 EP 1825 DI 10.1002/ps.4330 UT WOS:000382574300002 PM 27252044 ER PT J AU Bright, LZ Handley, M Chien, I Curi, S Brownworth, LA D'hers, S Bernier, UR Gurman, P Elman, NM AF Bright, L. Zack Handley, Michael Chien, Isabel Curi, Sebastian Brownworth, L. Anders D'hers, Sebastian Bernier, Ulrich R. Gurman, Pablo Elman, Noel M. TI Analytical models integrated with satellite images for optimized pest management SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE AB The global field protection (GFP) was developed to protect and optimize pest management resources integrating satellite images for precise field demarcation with physical models of controlled release devices of pesticides to protect large fields. The GFP was implemented using a graphical user interface to aid the end-user to select location and define an arbitrary perimeter for protection. The system provides coordinates of drop points for the controlled release devices which can be delivered using drone technology, e.g. unmanned air vehicles. In this work, we present the first proof of concept of this technology. A vast number of pest management applications can benefit from this work, including prevention against vector-borne diseases as well as protection of large agriculture fields. SN 1385-2256 EI 1573-1618 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 17 IS 5 BP 628 EP 636 DI 10.1007/s11119-016-9434-0 UT WOS:000382683400007 ER PT J AU Albrecht, U Fiehn, O Bowman, KD AF Albrecht, Ute Fiehn, Oliver Bowman, Kim D. TI Metabolic variations in different citrus rootstock cultivars associated with different responses to Huanglongbing SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY AB Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases of citrus. No resistant cultivars have been identified, although tolerance has been observed in the genus Poncirus and some of its hybrids with Citrus that are commonly used as rootstocks. In this study we exploited this tolerance by comparing five different tolerant hybrids with a cultivar that shows pronounced HLB sensitivity to discern potential contributing metabolic factors. Whole leaves of infected and non-infected greenhouse-grown seedlings were extracted and subjected to untargeted GC-TOF MS based metabolomics. After BinBase data filtering, 342 (experiment 1) and 650 (experiment 2) unique metabolites were quantified, of which 122 and 195, respectively, were assigned by chemical structures. The number of metabolites found to be differently regulated in the infected state compared with the non-infected state varied between the cultivars and was largest (166) in the susceptible cultivar Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and lowest (3) in the tolerant cultivars US-897 (C. reticulata 'Cleopatra' x Poncirus trifoliata) and US-942 (C. reticulata 'Sunki' x P. trifoliata) from experiment 2. Tolerance to HLB did not appear to be associated with accumulation of higher amounts of protective metabolites in response to infection. Many metabolites were found in higher concentrations in the tolerant cultivars compared with susceptible Cleopatra mandarin and may play important roles in conferring tolerance to HLB. Lower availability of specific sugars necessary for survival of the pathogen may also be a contributing factor in the decreased disease severity observed for these cultivars. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. SN 0981-9428 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 107 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.030 UT WOS:000382341600004 PM 27236226 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Locke, MA Kroger, R AF Moore, M. T. Locke, M. A. Kroger, R. TI Using aquatic vegetation to remediate nitrate, ammonium, and soluble reactive phosphorus in simulated runoff SO CHEMOSPHERE AB Within the agriculturally-intensive Mississippi River Basin of the United States, significant conservation efforts have focused on management practices that reduce nutrient runoff into receiving aquatic ecosystems. Only a small fraction of those efforts have focused on phytoremediation techniques. Each of six different aquatic macrophytes were planted, in monoculture, in three replicate mesocosms (1.2 m x 0.15 m x 0.65 m). Three additional unvegetated mesocosms served as controls for a total number of 21 mesocosms. Over two years, mesocosms were amended once each summer with sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and potassium phosphate dibasic to represent nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff. System retention was calculated using a simple aqueous mass balance approach. Ammonium retention in both years differed greatly, as Panicum hemitomon and Echinodorus cordifolius retentions were significantly greater than controls in the first year, while only Myriophyllum aquaticurn and Typha latifolia were significantly greater than controls in the second year. Greater soluble reactive phosphorus retention was observed in T. latifolia compared to controls in both years. Several other significant differences were observed in either the first or second year, but not both years. In the first year's exposure, P. hemitomon was significantly more efficient than the control, Saururus cernuus, and T. latifolia for overall percent nitrate decrease. Results of this novel study highlight inherent variability within and among species for nutrient specific uptake and the temporal variations of species for nutrient retention. By examining this natural variability, scientists may design phytoremediation systems with greater impact on improving agricultural runoff water quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 160 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.071 UT WOS:000381172000018 PM 27372264 ER PT J AU Mortenson, LA Hughes, RF Friday, JB Keith, LM Barbosa, JM Friday, NJ Liu, ZF Sowards, TG AF Mortenson, Leif A. Hughes, R. Flint Friday, James B. Keith, Lisa M. Barbosa, Jomar M. Friday, Nathanael J. Liu, Zhanfeng Sowards, Travis G. TI Assessing spatial distribution, stand impacts and rate of Ceratocystis fimbriata induced 'ohi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha) mortality in a tropical wet forest, Hawai'i Island, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB Pests or pathogens that affect trees have the potential to fundamentally alter forest composition, structure and function. Throughout the last six years, large areas of otherwise healthy 'ohi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees have been dying rapidly (typically within weeks) in lowland tropical wet forest on Hawai'i Island, USA. This mortality is quite distinct from previous well-documented 'ohi'a dieback episodes driven by cohort senescence. Ceratocystis fimbiata was identified and routinely found associated with rapidly dying individuals of 'ohi'a, Hawai'i's most widespread native tree. Pathogenicity of this fungus was proven and M. polymorpha was recorded as a new host for C. fimbiata. Mortality of 'ohi'a at this scale is of great concern as the understory in these forests is often occupied by invasive non-native plants capable of severely limiting 'ohi'a regeneration. Imagery of 'ohi'a mortality obtained in 2012 revealed large expanses of greater than expected mortality (i.e., >= 10%) across 1600 ha. By 2014 'ohi'a mortality levels >= 10% had spread to 6403 ha, or 30% of total area classified as 'ohi'a in our study area. Further, levels of 'ohi'a mortality in field plots established within the study region averaged 39%, and mortality levels were comparable across size classes and forest compositions. Results from a subset of field plots re-inventoried one year after plot establishment revealed average annual 'ohi'a mortality rates of 24% and 28% based on basal area and stem density measures, respectively; mortality rates were as high as 47% in some field plots. The dearth of 'ohi'a seedling recruitment and characteristic understory dominance of non-native species documented within our research plots, coupled with the lethality of C. fimbriata to 'ohi'a, suggest that these forests likely will be dominated by non-native species in the future. Published by Elsevier B.V. OI Barbosa, Jomar Magalhaes/0000-0001-7869-5533 SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 377 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.026 UT WOS:000381843400009 ER PT J AU Knoepp, JD Vose, JM Jackson, WA Elliott, KJ Zarnoch, S AF Knoepp, Jennifer D. Vose, James M. Jackson, William A. Elliott, Katherine J. Zarnoch, Stan TI High elevation watersheds in the southern Appalachians: Indicators of sensitivity to acidic deposition and the potential for restoration through liming SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB Southern Appalachian high elevation watersheds have deep rocky soils with high organic matter content, different vegetation communities, and receive greater inputs of acidic deposition compared to low elevation sites within the region. Since the implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendment in the 1990s, concentrations of acidic anions in rainfall have declined. However, some high elevation streams continue to show signs of chronic to episodic acidity, where acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) ranges from 0 to 20 mu eg L-1. We studied three 3rd order watersheds (North River in Cherokee National Forest, Santeetlah Creek in Nantahala National Forest, and North Fork of the French Broad in Pisgah National Forest) and selected four to six 1st order catchments within each watershed to represent a gradient in elevation (849-1526 m) and a range in acidic stream ANC values (11-50 mu eq L-1). Our objectives were to (1) identify biotic, physical and chemical catchment parameters that could be used as indices of stream ANC, pH and Ca:Al molar ratios and (2) estimate the lime required to restore catchments from the effects of excess acidity and increase base cation availability. We quantified each catchment's biotic, physical, and chemical characteristics and collected stream, O-horizon, and mineral soil samples for chemical analysis seasonally for one year. Using repeated measures analysis, we examined variability in stream chemistry and catchment characteristics; we used a nested split-plot design to identify catchment characteristics that were correlated with stream chemistry. Watersheds differed significantly and the catchments sampled provided a wide range of stream chemical, biotic, physical and chemical characteristics. Variability in stream ANC, pH, and Ca:Al molar ratio were significantly correlated with catchment vegetation characteristics (basal area, tree height, and tree diameter) as well as O-horizon nitrogen and aluminum concentrations. Total soil carbon and calcium (an indicator of parent material), were significant covariates for stream ANC, pH and Ca:AI molar ratios. Lime requirement estimates did not differ among watersheds but this data will help select catchments for future restoration and lime application studies. Not surprisingly, this work found many vegetation and chemical characteristics that were useful indicators of stream acidity. However, some expected relationships such as concentrations of mineral soil extractable Ca and SO4 were not significant. This suggests that an extensive test of these indicators across the southern Appalachians will be required to identify high elevation forested catchments that would benefit from restoration activities. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 377 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.040 UT WOS:000381843400011 ER PT J AU Reazin, C Morris, S Smith, JE Cowan, AD Jumpponen, A AF Reazin, C. Morris, S. Smith, J. E. Cowan, A. D. Jumpponen, A. TI Fires of differing intensities rapidly select distinct soil fungal communities in a Northwest US ponderosa pine forest ecosystem SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB Environmental change and long-term fire management in the western United States have created conditions that facilitate high-intensity burn areas in forested systems. Such burns may have dramatic effects on the soil microbial communities. In this study, we utilized experimental infrastructure in the Pringle Falls Experimental Forest in Oregon, where ten pairs of sites were assigned to either high burn (HB) or low burn (LB) intensity treatments to examine fungal community responses. In these treatments, understory shrubs and logging debris were masticated and broadcast burned (LB) or piled logs were fully combusted (HB) in a paired design. The burn treatments generated soil temperatures of similar to 100 degrees C (LB) or up to 700 degrees C (HB) at the soil surface. We sampled soils (0-10 cm) one week before and three weeks after ignition and Illumina MiSeq-analyzed fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) PCR-amplicons to deeply dissect the fungal communities. Our data indicate dramatic and rapid responses in community diversity and evenness in the HB treatment, with similar responses, but to a lesser degree, in the LB treatment. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) ordinations and analyses of taxon frequencies reveal a substantial community turnover and corresponding replacement of the dominant basidiomycetes by ascomycetes in the HB treatment. Similar trends were visible, but weaker in the LB treatments. These coarse-level taxonomic responses were attributable to a few fire-responsive fungi, particularly Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) assigned to Pyronema sp. and Morchella sp., whose frequencies increased more than 100-fold following the HB treatment. Our study highlights the strong and rapid fungal fire responses and differences among fires of different intensities. As the high intensity fires - such as those represented here by the HB treatment - tend to be spatially confined and limited in scale, we emphasize their potential to generate distinct patches that may substantially contribute to beta diversity on small scales. Further, these data lead to questions about fungal community recovery (return to community state preceding the fire) and the importance of patch dynamics following a fire as well as function of post-fire communities and ecosystem services that they may provide. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 377 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.002 UT WOS:000381843400012 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH Moorman, CE Raybuck, AL Sundol, C Keyser, TL Bush, J Simon, DM Warburton, GS AF Greenberg, Cathryn H. Moorman, Christopher E. Raybuck, Amy L. Sundol, Chad Keyser, Tara L. Bush, Janis Simon, Dean M. Warburton, Gordon S. TI Reptile and amphibian response to oak regeneration treatments in productive southern Appalachian hardwood forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB Forest restoration efforts commonly employ silvicultural methods that alter light and competition to influence species composition. Changes to forest structure and microclimate may adversely affect some taxa (e.g., terrestrial salamanders), but positively affect others (e.g., early successional birds). Salamanders are cited as indicators of ecosystem health because of their sensitivity to forest floor micro climate. We used drift fences with pitfall and funnel traps in a replicated Before-After-Control-Impact design to experimentally assess herpetofaunal community response to initial application of three silvicultural methods proposed to promote oak regeneration: prescribed burning; midstory herbicide; and shelterwood harvests (initial treatment of the shelterwood-bum method) and controls, before and for five years post-treatment. Species richness of all herpetofauna, amphibians, reptiles, frogs, salamanders, or snakes was unaffected by any treatment, but lizard species richness increased in the shelterwood harvest. Capture rate of total salamanders decreased post-harvest in shelterwood units after a 2-3 year delay; Plethodon teyahalee decreased post-harvest in shelterwoods, but also in control units. In contrast, capture rate of total lizards and Plestiodon fasciatus increased in shelterwood stands within the first year post-harvest. Prescribed burn and midstory herbicide treatments did not affect any reptile or amphibian species. A marginally lower proportion of juvenile to adult P. teyahalee, and a higher proportion of juvenile P. fasciatus in shelterwood than control units suggested that heavy canopy removal and associated change in microclimate may differentially affect reproductive success among species. Our study illustrates the importance of longer-term studies to detect potential changes in herpetofaunal communities that may not be immediately apparent after disturbances, and highlights the importance of including multiple taxa for a balanced perspective when weighing impacts of forest management activities. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 377 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.023 UT WOS:000381843400014 ER PT J AU Elnaggar, MM Abdellrazeq, GS Mack, V Fry, LM Davis, WC Park, KT AF Elnaggar, Mahmoud M. Abdellrazeq, Gaber S. Mack, Victoria Fry, Lindsay M. Davis, William C. Park, Kun Taek TI Characterization and use of new monoclonal antibodies to CD11c, CD14, and CD163 to analyze the phenotypic complexity of monocyte subsets SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AB The sequencing of the bovine genome and development of mass spectrometry, in conjunction with flow cytometry (FC), have afforded an opportunity to complete the characterization of the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), only partially characterized during previous international workshops focused on antibody development for livestock (1991, Leukocyte Antigens in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats; 1993, Leukocyte Antigens of Cattle and Sheep; 1996, Third Workshop on Ruminant Leukocyte Antigens). The objective of this study was to complete the characterization of twelve mAbs incompletely characterized during the workshops that reacted with molecules predominantly expressed on bovine monocytes and use them to provide further information on the phenotypic complexity of monocyte subsets in ruminants. Analysis revealed that the mAbs could be grouped into three clusters that recognize three different molecules: CD11c, CD14, and CD163. Following characterization, comparison of the patterns of expression of CD14 and CD163 with expression of CD16, CD172a, and CD209 revealed the mononuclear cell population is comprised of multiple subsets with differential expression of these molecules. Further analysis revealed the epitopes recognized by mAbs to CD14 and CD163 are conserved on orthologues in sheep and goats. In contrast to CD14 that is also expressed on sheep and goat granulocytes, CD163 is a definitive marker for their monocytes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Abdellrazeq, Gaber/C-7667-2015 OI Abdellrazeq, Gaber/0000-0002-8677-911X SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 178 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.06.010 UT WOS:000381833400008 PM 27496743 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Martin, MR Nimmoc, KR Smart, MD Wear, EW AF Tipping, Philip W. Martin, Melissa R. Nimmoc, Kayla R. Smart, Matthew D. Wear, Emily W. TI Food web associations among generalist predators and biological control agents of Melaleuca quinquenervia SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB A partial food web that included two weed biological control species on Melaleuca quinquenervia and their associated generalist predators was examined by monitoring insect densities every two weeks for a year. The data were used to develop a theoretical path model that described directional relationships among predators and the two agents, Boreioglycaspis melaleucae and Oxyops vitiosa. Path analysis indicated that the model provided a good fit to the observed data and identified strong effects of Coccinellidae on B. melaleucae and Pentatomidae on O. vitiosa. The other six predator groups exhibited little or no influence on the agents. Relatively low r(2) values within the path model indicated that predators were more likely to be influencing each other (though intraguild predation) than the agents. Experiments were conducted to investigate causality with some of these associations including a small plot experiment that found that predation, primarily by coccinellids, reduced the density of B. melaleucae by 85.6%. Another experiment to examine a potential mutualistic relationship between the subsocial web spinning spider Anelosimus studiosus and B. melaleucae showed that, while B. melaleucae nymphs sometimes shelter within webs where they may avoid predators like coccinellids, the overall densities of B. melaleucae were greater away from webs and that webs frequently contained entrapped B. melaleucae adults. Overall, generalist predators explained little of the variance found in densities of both agents which indicates that predation had little impact on the population dynamics of the intentionally introduced herbivores. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 101 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.06.008 UT WOS:000381635700006 ER PT J AU Shakeel, Q Lyu, A Zhang, J Wu, MD Chen, SW Chen, WD Li, GQ Yang, L AF Shakeel, Qaiser Lyu, Ang Zhang, Jing Wu, Mingde Chen, Shouwen Chen, Weidong Li, Guoqing Yang, Long TI Optimization of the cultural medium and conditions for production of antifungal substances by Streptomyces platensis 3-10 and evaluation of its efficacy in suppression of clubroot disease (Plasmodiophora brassicae) of oilseed rape SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB This study was conducted to optimize the cultural medium and conditions for production of antifungal substances by Streptomyces platensis 3-10 and to evaluate its efficacy in suppressing Plasmodiophora brassicae (PB), the causal agent for clubroot of oilseed rape. The optimization was done using the one-factorat-a-time (OFAT) method, followed by orthogonal designing. The optimized medium contained starch at 3% (w/v), peptone at 0.75%, yeast extract at 0.025%, soybean meal at 1% (w/v) and minor/trace elements (K+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+), initial pH 6.5. After incubation in this medium at 28 degrees C/150 rpm for 72 h, isolate 3-10 showed high antifungal activity. The cultural filtrates (CF3-10) produced an average inhibition-zone diameter of 50 mm against Aspergillus niger. The live spores and metabolites of 3-10 in CF3-10 or its crude extracts (CE3-10) suppressed PB infection of oilseed rape roots by 3-83%, compared to the treatment with PB alone. The efficacy was positively correlated (correlation co-efficiency: 0.9526-0.9873, P < 0.05) to the applied dose of each active component. Germination of PB resting spores was inhibited by 75% and 80% by CE3-10 (1000 mu g/mL, w/v) and CF3-10 (5%, v/v), respectively. These findings suggest that S. platensis 3-10 is a promising biocontrol agent against PB. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 101 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.06.007 UT WOS:000381635700007 ER PT J AU Moscetti, R Haff, RP Monarca, D Cecchini, M Massantini, R AF Moscetti, Roberto Haff, Ron P. Monarca, Danilo Cecchini, Massimo Massantini, Riccardo TI Near-infrared spectroscopy for detection of hailstorm damage on olive fruit SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AB A rapid, robust, and economical method to detect hailstorm-damaged olive fruit (Olea europaea L.) would benefit both consumers and producers of olives and olive oil. Here, the feasibility of using Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for olive fruit sorting (cv. Canino) into hailstorm-damaged and undamaged classes is demonstrated. Features selected from the entire spectra by the genetic algorithm (two to six features per model) were input to Linear Discriminant Analysis, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and k-Nearest Neighbor routines to develop models to classify olive fruit. Spectral pretreatment and feature selection were optimized through an iterative routine developed in R statistical software. Each model was evaluated based on false positive (alpha-error), false negative (beta-error) and total error rates. The most accurate models yielded total error rates of less than five percent. The optimal features corresponded to R [similar to 1320 nm], R[similar to 1460 nm], R[similar to 1650 nm], R[similar to 1920 nm], R[similar to 2080 nm], R[similar to 2200 nm] and R[similar to 2220 nm], where R[x] represents the reflectance of light from the sample at a wavelength of x nm. The results indicate that single-point NIR spectroscopy is a feasible basis for hailstorm damage detection in olive fruit with the potential to allow on-line implementation on milling production lines. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 120 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.06.011 UT WOS:000381690000024 ER PT J AU Sweeney, MR Zlotnik, VA Joeckel, RM Stout, JE AF Sweeney, M. R. Zlotnik, V. A. Joeckel, R. M. Stout, J. E. TI Geomorphic and hydrologic controls of dust emissions during drought from Yellow Lake playa, West Texas, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS AB Numerous complex geomorphic and hydrologic factors have been identified that control dust emissions from playas, yet there are few measurements of dust emissions from playas during drought, which is assumed to enhance emissions, or during low-emission seasons. We used the PI-SWERL (Portable in situ Wind Erosion Laboratory) to measure dust emission potential at Yellow Lake, a saline playa in West Texas, USA, during the drought of 2011. Direct aeolian entrainment of dust occurred primarily on supply limited surfaces consisting of mud-cracked surfaces as well as crusts containing halite, thenardite, and gypsum. High-magnitude, low duration peaks in dust emissions occurred over parts of the playa underlain by shallow groundwater (<1 m) where conditions encouraged the crystallization of efflorescent salts. In contrast, surfaces characterized by loose sand-sized aggregates produced sustained dust emissions two to three orders of magnitude higher than the playa surface because aggregates broke apart during saltation. Prolonged drought at Yellow Lake will significantly change the frequency and type of dust emissions. We propose that a similar scenario characterizes dust production at many hydrologically similar playas. More research is needed to assess the impacts of changing groundwater levels on dust emissions in the context of extended drought and anthropogenic climate change. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X PD OCT PY 2016 VL 133 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.05.007 UT WOS:000380595000006 ER PT J AU Svejcar, T Angell, R James, J AF Svejcar, Tony Angell, Raymond James, Jeremy TI Spatial and temporal variability in minimum temperature trends in the western US sagebrush steppe SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS AB Climate is a major driver of ecosystem dynamics. In recent years there has been considerable interest in future climate change and potential impacts on ecosystems and management options. In this paper, we analyzed minimum monthly temperature (T min) for ten rural locations in the western U.S. sagebrush steppe. Oregon and Nevada each had five locations, and the period of record ranged from 69 to 125 years. We used structural time series analysis to evaluate trends over time at each location. We also used box plots to compare variation within months at each location. We concluded: 1) T min variation over years is much higher during the winter than during other seasons, 2) there is evidence of decadal trends in both directions (hotter and cooler) for most, but not all sites, and 3) sites exhibited individualistic patterns rather than following a general regional pattern. The analysis shows that sites in relatively close proximity can exhibit different temperature patterns over time. We suggest that ecologists and land managers make use of any available weather data from local weather stations when planning for the future or interpreting past changes in plant and animal populations, rather than relying on regional averages. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X PD OCT PY 2016 VL 133 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.06.003 UT WOS:000380595000015 ER PT J AU Givens, CE Kolpin, DW Borchardt, MA Duris, JW Moorman, TB Spencer, SK AF Givens, Carrie E. Kolpin, Dana W. Borchardt, Mark A. Duris, Joseph W. Moorman, Thomas B. Spencer, Susan K. TI Detection of hepatitis E virus and other livestock-related pathogens in Iowa streams SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Manure application is a source of pathogens to the environment. Through overland runoff and tile drainage, zoonotic pathogens can contaminate surface water and streambed sediment and could affect both wildlife and human health. This study examined the environmental occurrence of gene markers for livestock-related bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogens and antibiotic resistance in surface waters within the South Fork Iowa River basin before and after periods of swine manure application on agricultural land. Increased concentrations of indicator bacteria after manure application exceeding Iowa's state bacteria water quality standards suggest that swine manure contributes to diminished water quality and may pose a risk to human health. Additionally, the occurrence of HEV and numerous bacterial pathogen genes for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus in both manure samples and in corresponding surface water following periods of manure application suggests a potential role for swine in the spreading of zoonotic pathogens to the surrounding environment. During this study, several zoonotic pathogens were detected including Shiga-toxin producing E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, pathogenic enterococci, and S. aureus; all of which can pose mild to serious health risks to swine, humans, and other wildlife. This research provides the foundational understanding required for future assessment of the risk to environmental health from livestock-related zoonotic pathogen exposures in this region. This information could also be important for maintaining swine herd biosecurity and protecting the health of wildlife near swine facilities. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 566 BP 1042 EP 1051 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.123 UT WOS:000381060900099 PM 27318519 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Ma, JC Murinda, SE AF Ibekwe, A. Mark Ma, Jincai Murinda, Shelton E. TI Bacterial community composition and structure in an Urban River impacted by different pollutant sources SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Microbial communities in terrestrial fresh water are diverse and dynamic in composition due to different environmental factors. The goal of this study was to undertake a comprehensive analysis of bacterial composition along different rivers and creeks and correlate these to land-use practices and pollutant sources. Here we used 454 pyrosequencing to determine the total bacterial community composition, and bacterial communities that are potentially of fecal origin, and of relevance to water quality assessment. The results were analyzed using UniFrac coupled with principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) to compare diversity, abundance, and community composition. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to correlate bacterial composition in streams and creeks to different environmental parameters impacting bacterial communities in the sediment and surface water within the watershed. Bacteria were dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with Bacteroidetes significantly (P < 0.001) higher in all water samples than sediment, where as Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria where significantly higher (P < 0.05) in all the sediment samples than surfacewater. Overall results, using the beta diversity measures, coupled with PCoA and DCA showed that bacterial composition in sediment and surface water was significantly different (P < 0.001). Also, there were differences in bacterial community composition between agricultural runoff and urban runoff based on parsimony tests using 454 pyrosequencing data. Fecal indicator bacteria in surface water along different creeks and channels were significantly correlated with pH (P < 0.01), NO2 (P < 0.03), and NH4N (P < 0.005); and in the sediment with NO3 (P < 0.015). Our results suggest that microbial community compositions were influenced by several environmental factors, and pH, NO2, and NH4 were the major environmental factors driving FIB in surface water based on CCA analysis, while NO3 was the only factor in sediment. Published by Elsevier B.V. RI Ma, Jincai/D-1290-2013 OI Ma, Jincai/0000-0002-0792-0251 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 566 BP 1176 EP 1185 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.168 UT WOS:000381060900112 PM 27267715 ER PT J AU Liu, SS Zhu, YR Wu, FC Meng, W He, ZQ Giesy, JP AF Liu, Shasha Zhu, Yuanrong Wu, Fengchang Meng, Wei He, Zhongqi Giesy, John P. TI Characterization of plant-derived carbon and phosphorus in lakes by sequential fractionation and NMR spectroscopy SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Although debris from aquatic macrophytes is one of the most important endogenous sources of organic matter (OM) and nutrients in lakes, its biogeochemical cycling and contribution to internal load of nutrients in eutrophic lakes are still poorly understood. In this study, sequential fractionation by H2O, 0.1 M NaOH and 1.0 M HCl, combined with C-13 and P-31 NMR spectroscopy, was developed and used to characterize organic carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) in six aquatic plants collected from Tai Lake (Ch: Taihu), China. Organic matter, determined by total organic carbon (TOC), was unequally distributed in H2O (21.2%), NaOH (29.9%), HCl (3.5%) and residual (45.3%) fractions. For P in debris of aquatic plants, 53.3% was extracted by H2O, 31.9% by NaOH, and 11% by HCl, with 3.8% in residual fractions. Predominant OM components extracted by H2O and NaOH were carbohydrates, proteins and aliphatic acids. Inorganic P (P-i) was the primary form of P in H2O fractions, whereas organic P (P-o) was the primary form of P in NaOH fractions. The subsequent HCl fractions extracted fewer species of C and P. Some non-extractable carbohydrates, aromatics and metal phytate compounds remained in residual fractions. Based on sequential extraction and NMR analysis, it was proposed that those forms of C (54.7% of TOC) and P (96.2% of TP) in H2O, NaOH and HCl fractions are potentially released to overlying water as labile components, while those in residues are stable and likely preserved in sediments of lakes. These results will be helpful in understanding internal loading of nutrients from debris of aquatic macrophytes and their recycling in lakes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 566 BP 1398 EP 1409 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.214 UT WOS:000381060900135 PM 27282495 ER PT J AU Trigo, C Cox, L Spokas, K AF Trigo, Carmen Cox, Lucia Spokas, Kurt TI Influence of pyrolysis temperature and hardwood species on resulting biochar properties and their effect on azimsulfuron sorption as compared to other sorbents SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Azimsulfuron is an acidic herbicide with a high water solubility which makes risk of groundwater contamination a concern. Various wood based biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures were characterized along with their sorption capacity for the herbicide azimsulfuron. In addition, we compared sorption on biochars with sorption on mineral sorbents such as clay minerals and iron oxides. In biochar formed at high temperatures (500 degrees C and 700 degrees C), FT-IR studies confirmed the increase in aromaticity. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the biochars showed differences in the macroporous structure and lower size pores at higher temperatures. SSA (Specific Surface Area) of the biochars increased with pyrolysis temperature and, for all different biochars, this resulted in higher sorption of azimsulfuron. In the case of mineral sorbents, sorption is not related to SSA. Higher sorption is observed in a montmorillonite, of lower SSA, than in mixture of clay minerals with 30% smectite (w/w). On the contrary as with the clays, sorption on the two iron oxyhydroxides increased with SSA. Desorption studies showed hysteresis. Leaching studies showed no effect on azimsulfuron retention on soil column amended with apple wood biochar, while a reduction of azimsulfuron in leachates in soil columns amended with the modified montmorillonite and alder wood biochar (500 degrees C). Total retention was shown for alder wood biochar. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 566 BP 1454 EP 1464 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.027 UT WOS:000381060900140 PM 27325012 ER PT J AU Yang, YY Toor, GS Wilson, PC Williams, CF AF Yang, Yun-Ya Toor, Gurpal S. Wilson, P. Chris Williams, Clinton F. TI Septic systems as hot-spots of pollutants in the environment: Fate and mass balance of micropollutants in septic drainfields SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Septic systems, a common type of onsite wastewater treatment systems, can be an important source of micropollutants in the environment. We investigated the fate and mass balance of 17 micropollutants, including wastewater markers, hormones, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the drainfield of a septic system. Drainfields were replicated in lysimeters (1.5 m length, 0.9 m width, 0.9 m height) and managed similar to the field practice. In each lysimeter, a drip line dispersed 9 L of septic tank effluent (STE) per day (equivalent to 32.29 L/m(2) per day). Fourteen micropollutants in the STE and 12 in the leachate from drainfields were detected over eight months. Concentrations of most micropollutants in the leachate were low (<200 ng/L) when compared to STE because >85% of the added micropollutants except for sucralose were attenuated in the drainfield. We discovered that sorption was the key mechanism for retention of carbamazepine and partially for sulfamethoxazole, whereas microbial degradation likely attenuated acetaminophen in the drainfield. This data suggests that sorption and microbial degradation limited transport of micropollutants from the drainfields. However, the leaching of small amounts of micropollutants indicate that septic systems are hot-spots of micropollutants in the environment and a better understanding of micropollutants in septic systems is needed to protect groundwater quality. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 566 BP 1535 EP 1544 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.043 UT WOS:000381060900147 PM 27312276 ER PT J AU Fernandez, CP Kim, WH Diaz, JAR Jeong, J Afrin, F Kim, S Jang, HK Lee, BH Yim, D Lillehoj, HS Min, WG AF Fernandez, Cherry P. Kim, Woo H. Diaz, Joyce Anne R. Jeong, Jipseol Afrin, Fahmida Kim, Suk Jang, Hyung-Kwan Lee, Byung-Hyung Yim, Dongjean Lillehoj, Hyun S. Min, Wongi TI Upregulation of duck interleukin-17A during Riemerella anatipestifer infection SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY AB Although IL-17 cytokines play critical roles in host defense immunity, dysregulated expression of these cytokines is associated with inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Riemerella anatipestifer is the most important infectious bacterium in the duck industry. Interestingly, not all avian species are equally susceptible to R. anatipestifer infection. This paper reports the first description of mortality rate, bacterial burden, and expression profiles of immune-related genes between ducks and chickens infected with R. anatipestifer. Ducks exhibited increased susceptibility to R. anatipestifer infection compared to chickens, as determined by mortality rate and bacterial burden. Comparative expression analyses of immune-related genes in R. anatipestifer-infected tissues obtained from both species revealed that TLR3, TLR7, IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma transcript levels were higher in chickens, whereas TLR4 and IL-17A transcript levels were higher in ducks. Marked increases in expression of IL-17A and IL-6, but not TGF-beta, were associated with Th17 cell differentiation in duck splenic lymphocytes, but not in chicken splenic lymphocytes, stimulated with R. anatipestifer. Moreover, upregulation of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-17A mRNA expressions, but not TGF-beta, was confirmed in the liver and spleen of ducks infected with R. anatipestifer, indicating that IL-17A is strongly associated with Riemerella infection in ducks. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0145-305X EI 1879-0089 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 63 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2016.05.009 UT WOS:000380623300005 PM 27212414 ER PT J AU Strauch, AM Bruland, GL MacKenzie, RA Giardina, CP AF Strauch, Ayron M. Bruland, Gregory L. MacKenzie, Richard A. Giardina, Christian P. TI Soil and hydrological responses to wild pig (Sus scofa) exclusion from native and strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum)-invaded tropical montane wet forests SO GEODERMA AB The structure and function of many ecosystems are threatened by non-native, invasive plant and animal species. Globally, invasive trees alter interception, evapotranspiration, water use, and throughfall, while wild pigs (Sus scofa) have been introduced and now invade widely ranging ecosystems, with impacts to soil and groundcover, and as a consequence, infiltration, runoff and water quality. In a resource management context, physical, chemical and biological control methods can limit the impact of plants on native biodiversity while fence building and animal removal can limit the effects of non-native ungulates on ecosystems. These expensive treatments have documented biodiversity benefits, but few studies have quantified hydrological effects of such management. Using paired fenced/unfenced runoff plots in native and Psidium cattleianum-invaded Hawaiian tropical montane forests, we examined the independent and interactive effects of strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum), a highly invasive tree in tropical islands and wild pigs on runoff amount, soil erosion rates and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). We sampled 18 events spanning a 22 month period, and found that: 1) pigs are less active in invaded forests; 2) higher stem densities in invaded forests were associated with lower soil erosion and runoff rates compared to native forest; 3) reduced canopy cover and greater pig activity in native forests resulted in higher runoff volumes, soil erosion rates, and runoff FIB content; and 4) unfenced plots had more bare soil, less vegetation cover and greater soil FIB (Escherichia coli, total coliforms, enterococci) compared to fenced plots. These results point to the importance of understanding the independent and interactive effects of multiple invaders on watershed function. In this study system, removal of an invasive tree without fencing may actually lead to an increase in disturbance, with impacts to both biodiversity and hydrological properties. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 279 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.05.021 UT WOS:000379106000006 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, Lihan TI Mathematical modeling and validation of growth of Salmonella Enteritidis and background microorganisms in potato salad - One-step kinetic analysis and model development SO FOOD CONTROL AB This study was conducted to examine the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in potato salad caused by cross-contamination and temperature abuse, and develop mathematical models to predict its growth. The growth of SE was investigated under constant temperature conditions (8,10,15, 20, 25, 30, and 37 degrees C) to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth rates and lag times. Duplicated experiments were conducted. The data set from one replicate was used to develop kinetic models and determine kinetic parameters. The data from the other replicate served as an independent data set for model validation. The growth of background microorganism (BK) was also examined. One-step kinetic analysis method was used to directly construct both primary (Huang) and secondary (Ratkowsky square-root) models. Nonlinear regression was used to minimize the global residual sum of squares (RSS) for SE and BK. The results showed that both primary and secondary models can be used to analyze the growth curves, with the kinetic parameters closely matching the characteristics of SE and BK. The validation results showed that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was only 0.40 Log CFU/g for SE and 0.66 Log CFU/g for BK, with the residual errors of predictions following Laplace and logistic distributions, respectively. This study showed that one-step kinetic analysis is a useful and efficient method for analyzing the entire data set to directly construct primary and secondary growth models and determine kinetic parameters. Since the models are validated, they can be used to predict the growth of SE and conduct risk assessment, and to predict the microbiological shelf-life of potato salad. Published by Elsevier Ltd. OI Huang, Lihan/0000-0002-9565-4503 SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 68 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.039 UT WOS:000377325000011 ER PT J AU Karnik, D Jung, J Hawking, S Wicker, L AF Karnik, Deepika Jung, Jiyoung Hawking, Samatha Wicker, Louise TI Sugar beet pectin fractionated using isopropanol differs in galacturonic acid, protein, ferulic acid and surface hydrophobicity SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS AB Isopropanol was used to sequentially precipitate sugar beet pectin (SBP) and generate six fractions that varied in galacturonic acid, protein, ferulic acid and other physic chemical characteristics. Protein was high in Fractions 1 and 2 at 209 and 154 mu g/mg alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), respectively. Fractions 3, 4, and 5 had lower protein values of 77-106 mu g/mg AIS; the protein content was 87 mu g/mg AIS in unfractionated control. Ferulic acid content in Fraction 1 was 93 mu g/mg AIS and at least three times higher than measured in other fractions. The degree of esterification in Fraction 1 was 11% and ranged from 46 to 74% in later precipitating fractions. The relative fluorescence with an external probe for hydrophobicity ranged from 159 to 254 in F1, F2 and F3 compared to negligible values in later fractions. The -potential ranged from -25 to -33 mV and was not different between fractions or control. Molecular weight analysis indicated highly heterogenous pectin (Mw/Mn greater than 2.5) with MW values of 398,630, 543,900, and 442,330 g/mol for Fl, F4 and control, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed that Fl and F2 were richer in protein. SBP that precipitated at the lowest isopropanol addition had the greatest protein, ferulic acid content, particle size, relative fluorescence intensity and lowest uronic acid content and degree of esterification. The type and/or nature of protein in Fl and F4 is likely different. Isopropanol fractionation resulted in SBP fractions with unique physico-chemical properties. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0268-005X EI 1873-7137 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 60 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.03.037 UT WOS:000377304700020 ER PT J AU Daudt, RM Avena-Bustillos, RJ Williams, T Wood, DF Kulkamp-Guerreiro, IC Marczak, LDF McHugh, TH AF Daudt, R. M. Avena-Bustillos, R. J. Williams, T. Wood, D. F. Kulkamp-Guerreiro, I. C. Marczak, L. D. F. McHugh, T. H. TI Comparative study on properties of edible films based on pinhao (Araucaria angustifolia) starch and flour SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS AB The aim of this study was to develop and compare the properties of edible films based on pinhao starch and pinhao flour. Seven formulations were developed by casting methodology: 5% pinhao starch with 0, 1, 1.5, and 2% glycerol, and 5% pinhao flour with 1, 1.5, and 2% glycerol. The films were evaluated and compared to each other for thickness, morphological analysis by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), glass transition temperature (T-g), apparent porosity (empty set), water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile properties, color, opacity, and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR). In addition, the raw materials were analyzed for moisture content, water activity (Aw), apparent porosity and pasting profile. Pinhao starch and flour did not show differences in moisture content and pinhao starch presented lower Aw, O, but higher peak viscosity than pinhao flour. Films made with pinhao starch exhibited lower thickness, O, WVP and opacity than pinhao flour films, but higher Young's modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break. In addition, films with higher amounts of glycerol exhibited higher WVP and elongation at break, with lower tensile strength and Young's modulus. The pinhao flour films structure presented irregularities and were rougher than pinhao starch films. Differences in glycerol content did not affect Tg values of these films. Flour films were yellowish and also had a higher opacity value. The FTIR spectra of pinhao starch and pinhao flour films showed similar IR absorbance patterns, with no structural change in the presence or absence of glycerol. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Kulkamp Guerreiro, Irene/A-9044-2017; OI Kulkamp Guerreiro, Irene/0000-0001-8607-7612; Daudt, Renata/0000-0003-4121-5246 SN 0268-005X EI 1873-7137 PD OCT PY 2016 VL 60 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.03.040 UT WOS:000377304700031 ER PT J AU Morales, P Barros, L Dias, MI Santos-Buelga, C Ferreira, ICFR Asquieri, ER Berrios, JD AF Morales, Patricia Barros, Lillian Dias, Maria Ines Santos-Buelga, Celestino Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R. Asquieri, Eduardo Ramirez Berrios, Jose De J. TI Non-fermented and fermented jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora Mart.) pomaces as valuable sources of functional ingredients SO FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora. Mart) is a highly perishable fruit native to Brazil, which is consumed both fresh and industrially processed in the form of juices, jams, wines and distilled liqueurs. This processing generates a large amount of waste by-products, which represent approximately 50% of the fruit weight. The by-products are of interest for obtaining valuable bioactive compounds that could be used as nutraceuticals or functional ingredients. In this study, fermented and non-fermented jabuticaba pomaces were studied regarding their hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, as well as their antioxidant properties, including: soluble sugars, organic acids and tocopherols (using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to refraction index, diode array and fluorescence detector, respectively); phenolics and anthocyanins, (using liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection, and mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization); and fatty acids (using gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionization detection). The analytical data demonstrated that jabuticaba pomaces are a rich source of bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds (namely hydrolyzable tannins and anthocyanins) with antioxidant potential. Therefore, jabuticaba pomace may have good potential as a functional ingredient in the fabrication of human foods and animal feed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Dias, Maria Ines/M-8242-2013; Ferreira, Isabel/E-8500-2013; Morales Gomez, Patricia/L-9267-2013; OI Dias, Maria Ines/0000-0001-8744-7814; Ferreira, Isabel/0000-0003-4910-4882; Morales Gomez, Patricia/0000-0002-4963-2696; Santos-Buelga, Celestino/0000-0001-6592-5299 SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 208 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.011 UT WOS:000375856600027 PM 27132843 ER PT J AU Chen, MH McClung, AM Bergman, CJ AF Chen, Ming-Hsuan McClung, Anna M. Bergman, Christine J. TI Concentrations of oligomers and polymers of proanthocyanidins in red and purple rice bran and their relationships to total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity and whole grain color SO FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Proanthocyanidins, a flavonoids subgroup, are proposed to have chronic disease modulation properties. With the eventual goal of enhancing rice phytonutrient concentrations, we investigated the genotypic variation of the concentrations of individual oligomers and polymers of proanthocyanidins in red and purple rice brans. A 4.3-fold variation in total proanthocyanidins (sum of oligomers and polymers) in the extractable fraction was found and the concentration was highly correlated with total phenolics, total flavonoids and antiradical capacity. Variation in the proportion of oligomers and polymers existed, with monomers to trimers, 4-6mers, 7-10mers and polymers accounting for 7, 18, 26.5 and 48.7%, respectively, of the total. The redness value a/of whole grain rice measured in CIE L*a*b* color space was negatively and positively correlated with extractable and non-extractable proanthocyanidins, respectively. The variation found indicates it is possible to select rice with bran containing high levels of total proanthocyanidins and specific degree of polymerization profiles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. RI User, Test/G-7821-2015 SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 208 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.004 UT WOS:000375856600035 PM 27132851 ER PT J AU Raatz, SK Idso, L Johnson, LK Jackson, MI Combs, GF AF Raatz, Susan K. Idso, Laura Johnson, Luann K. Jackson, Matthew I. Combs, Gerald F., Jr. TI Resistant starch analysis of commonly consumed potatoes: Content varies by cooking method and service temperature but not by variety SO FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Resistant starch (RS) has unique digestive and absorptive properties which may provide health benefits. We conducted a study to determine the contributions of cultivar, cooking method and service temperature on the RS contents of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). We hypothesized that the RS content would vary by variety, cooking method and service temperature. Potatoes of three common commercial varieties (Yukon Gold, Dark Red Norland, and Russet Burbank) were subjected to two methods of cooking (baking or boiling) and three service temperatures: hot (65 degrees C), chilled (4 degrees C) and reheated (4 degrees C for 6d; reheated to 65 degrees C) and analyzed the starch content by modification of a commercially available assay. Results showed that RS content (g/100 g) varied by cooking method and service temperature but not variety. Baked potatoes had higher RS contents than boiled; chilled potatoes had more RS than either hot or reheated. These results may assist in dietary choices for reducing chronic disease risk. Published by Elsevier Ltd. OI Idso, Laura/0000-0001-6317-8859 SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 208 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.120 UT WOS:000375856600037 PM 27132853 ER PT J AU Downey-Slinker, ED Ridpath, JF Sawyer, JE Skow, LC Herring, AD AF Downey-Slinker, E. D. Ridpath, J. F. Sawyer, J. E. Skow, L. C. Herring, A. D. TI Antibody titers to vaccination are not predictive of level of protection against a BVDV type 1 b challenge in Bos indicus - Bos taurus steers SO VACCINE AB Subclinical illness associated with infection is thought to reduce performance and increase production costs in feedlot cattle, but underlying components remain largely unidentified. Vaccination is frequently used in feedlot settings but producers lack metrics that evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination programs. The goal of this study was to determine if levels of serum neutralizing antibody titers were predictive of levels of vaccine protection in a commercial setting. During this four-year study, Angus-Nellore steers housed in a production feedlot setting were assigned to 1 of 3 vaccine treatments: killed vaccine (kV), modified live virus (MLV) vaccine, or no vaccine (control), and were challenged with a noncytopathic 1b field strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Rectal temperature and levels of circulating lymphocytes and platelets were monitored following challenge. While no animals were diagnosed as clinically ill with respiratory disease, indicators of disease (pyrexia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia) were observed. The MLV treatment elicited higher antibody titers to the vaccination than the kV, and calves in the MLV treatment had higher mean titers at challenge. The year that elicited the highest antibody response to the vaccination and the year with the lowest frequency of phenotypic responses to the challenge were not concurrent. The MLV treatment had the highest proportion, 34.68%, of animals that were protected against the challenge regardless of the pre-challenge antibody titer and had the fewest number of lymphopenia cases in response to the challenge. Both vaccine treatments mitigated thrombocytopenia when compared to the control treatment, and the MLV treatment reduced lymphopenia; however, these symptoms were not completely eliminated in vaccinated animals. Pyrexia was present in 40.11% of the animals, but no difference in the frequency of cases between treatments was observed. Pre-challenge vaccination response was not indicative of the level of protection nor was anamnestic antibody response correlated with health status. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 PD SEP 30 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 42 BP 5053 EP 5059 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.087 UT WOS:000384786700002 PM 27601344 ER PT J AU Linz, B Ivanov, YV Preston, A Brinkac, L Parkhill, J Kim, M Harris, SR Goodfield, LL Fry, NK Gorringe, AR Nicholson, TL Register, KB Losada, L Harvill, ET AF Linz, Bodo Ivanov, Yury V. Preston, Andrew Brinkac, Lauren Parkhill, Julian Kim, Maria Harris, Simon R. Goodfield, Laura L. Fry, Norman K. Gorringe, Andrew R. Nicholson, Tracy L. Register, Karen B. Losada, Liliana Harvill, Eric T. TI Acquisition and loss of virulence-associated factors during genome evolution and speciation in three clades of Bordetella species SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: The genus Bordetella consists of nine species that include important respiratory pathogens such as the 'classical' species B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis and six more distantly related and less extensively studied species. Here we analyze sequence diversity and gene content of 128 genome sequences from all nine species with focus on the evolution of virulence-associated factors. Results: Both genome-wide sequence-based and gene content-based phylogenetic trees divide the genus into three species clades. The phylogenies are congruent between species suggesting genus-wide co-evolution of sequence diversity and gene content, but less correlated within species, mainly because of strain-specific presence of many different prophages. We compared the genomes with focus on virulence-associated genes and identified multiple clade-specific, species-specific and strain-specific events of gene acquisition and gene loss, including genes encoding O-antigens, protein secretion systems and bacterial toxins. Gene loss was more frequent than gene gain throughout the evolution, and loss of hundreds of genes was associated with the origin of several species, including the recently evolved human-restricted B. pertussis and B. holmesii, B. parapertussis and the avian pathogen B. avium. Conclusions: Acquisition and loss of multiple genes drive the evolution and speciation in the genus Bordetella, including large scale gene loss associated with the origin of several species. Recent loss and functional inactivation of genes, including those encoding pertussis vaccine components and bacterial toxins, in individual strains emphasize ongoing evolution. SN 1471-2164 PD SEP 30 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 767 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3112-5 UT WOS:000384373200001 PM 27716057 ER PT J AU Clevenger, J Chu, Y Scheffler, B Ozias-Akins, P AF Clevenger, Josh Chu, Ye Scheffler, Brian Ozias-Akins, Peggy TI A Developmental Transcriptome Map for Allotetraploid Arachis hypogaea SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB The advent of the genome sequences of Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis has ushered in a new era for peanut genomics. With the goal of producing a gene atlas for cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea), 22 different tissue types and ontogenies that represent the full development of peanut were sequenced, including a complete reproductive series from flower to peg elongation and peg tip immersion in the soil to fully mature seed. Using a genome-guided assembly pipeline, a homeolog-specific transcriptome assembly for Arachis hypogaea was assembled and its accuracy was validated. The assembly was used to annotate 21 developmental co-expression networks as tools for gene discovery. Using a set of 8816 putative homeologous gene pairs, homeolog expression bias was documented, and although bias was mostly balanced, there were striking differences in expression bias in a tissue-specific context. Over 9000 alterative splicing events and over 6000 non-coding RNAs were further identified and profiled in a developmental context. Together, this work represents a major new resource for cultivated peanut and will be integrated into peanutbase.org as an available resource for all peanut researchers. OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 SN 1664-462X PD SEP 30 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1446 DI 10.3389/fpls.2016.01446 UT WOS:000384499700001 PM 27746793 ER PT J AU Leonardi, W Zilbermintz, L Cheng, LW Zozaya, J Tran, SH Elliott, JH Polukhina, K Manasherob, R Li, A Chi, XL Gharaibeh, D Kenny, T Zamani, R Soloveva, V Haddow, AD Nasar, F Bavari, S Bassik, MC Cohen, SN Levitin, A Martchenko, M AF Leonardi, William Zilbermintz, Leeor Cheng, Luisa W. Zozaya, Josue Tran, Sharon H. Elliott, Jeffrey H. Polukhina, Kseniya Manasherob, Robert Li, Amy Chi, Xiaoli Gharaibeh, Dima Kenny, Tara Zamani, Rouzbeh Soloveva, Veronica Haddow, Andrew D. Nasar, Farooq Bavari, Sina Bassik, Michael C. Cohen, Stanley N. Levitin, Anastasia Martchenko, Mikhail TI Bithionol blocks pathogenicity of bacterial toxins, ricin, and Zika virus SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Diverse pathogenic agents often utilize overlapping host networks, and hub proteins within these networks represent attractive targets for broad-spectrum drugs. Using bacterial toxins, we describe a new approach for discovering broad-spectrum therapies capable of inhibiting host proteins that mediate multiple pathogenic pathways. This approach can be widely used, as it combines genetic-based target identification with cell survival-based and protein function-based multiplex drug screens, and concurrently discovers therapeutic compounds and their protein targets. Using B-lymphoblastoid cells derived from the HapMap Project cohort of persons of African, European, and Asian ancestry we identified host caspases as hub proteins that mediate the lethality of multiple pathogenic agents. We discovered that an approved drug, Bithionol, inhibits host caspases and also reduces the detrimental effects of anthrax lethal toxin, diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, Botulinum neurotoxin, ricin, and Zika virus. Our study reveals the practicality of identifying host proteins that mediate multiple disease pathways and discovering broad-spectrum therapies that target these hub proteins. SN 2045-2322 PD SEP 30 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 34475 DI 10.1038/srep34475 UT WOS:000384291100001 PM 27686742 ER PT J AU Lorenz, TJ Raphael, MG Bloxton, TD AF Lorenz, Teresa J. Raphael, Martin G. Bloxton, Thomas D., Jr. TI Marine Habitat Selection by Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) during the Breeding Season SO PLOS ONE AB The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) is a declining seabird that is well-known for nesting in coastal old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest. Most studies of habitat selection have focused on modeling terrestrial nesting habitat even though marine habitat is believed to be a major contributor to population declines in some regions. To address this information gap, we conducted a 5-year study of marine resource selection by murrelets in Washington, which contains a population experiencing the steepest documented declines and where marine habitat is believed to be compromised. Across five years we tracked 157 radio-tagged murrelets during the breeding season (May to August), and used discrete choice models to examine habitat selection. Using an information theoretic approach, our global model had the most support, suggesting that murrelet resource selection at-sea is affected by many factors, both terrestrial and marine. Locations with higher amounts of nesting habitat (beta = 21.49, P < 0.001) that were closer to shore (beta = -0.0007, P < 0.001) and in cool waters (beta = -0.2026, P < 0.001) with low footprint (beta = -0.0087, P < 0.001) had higher probabilities of use. While past conservation efforts have focused on protecting terrestrial nesting habitat, we echo many past studies calling for future efforts to protect marine habitat for murrelets, as the current emphasis on terrestrial habitat alone may be insufficient for conserving populations. In particular, marine areas in close proximity to old-growth nesting habitat appear important for murrelets during the breeding season and should be priorities for protection. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0162670 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162670 UT WOS:000384171400016 PM 27681655 ER PT J AU Sulman, BN Roman, DT Yi, K Wang, LX Phillips, RP Novick, KA AF Sulman, Benjamin N. Roman, D. Tyler Yi, Koong Wang, Lixin Phillips, Richard P. Novick, Kimberly A. TI High atmospheric demand for water can limit forest carbon uptake and transpiration as severely as dry soil SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB When stressed by low soil water content (SWC) or high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), plants close stomata, reducing transpiration and photosynthesis. However, it has historically been difficult to disentangle the magnitudes of VPD compared to SWC limitations on ecosystem-scale fluxes. We used a 13 year record of eddy covariance measurements from a forest in south central Indiana, USA, to quantify how transpiration and photosynthesis respond to fluctuations in VPD versus SWC. High VPD and low SWC both explained reductions in photosynthesis relative to its long-term mean, as well as reductions in transpiration relative to potential transpiration estimated with the Penman-Monteith equation. Flux responses to typical fluctuations in SWC and VPD had similar magnitudes. Integrated over the year, VPD fluctuations accounted for significant reductions of GPP in both nondrought and drought years. Our results suggest that increasing VPD under climatic warming could reduce forest CO2 uptake regardless of changes in SWC. SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 18 BP 9686 EP 9695 DI 10.1002/2016GL069416 UT WOS:000385392900041 ER PT J AU Soler-Llorens, PF Quance, CR Lawhon, SD Stuber, TP Edwards, JF Fichtt, TA Robbe-Austerman, S O'Callaghan, D Keriel, A AF Soler-Llorens, Pedro F. Quance, Chris R. Lawhon, Sara D. Stuber, Tod P. Edwards, John F. Fichtt, Thomas A. Robbe-Austerman, Suelee O'Callaghan, David Keriel, Anne TI A Brucella spp. Isolate from a Pac-Man Frog (Ceratophrys ornata) Reveals Characteristics Departing from Classical Brucellae SO FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY AB Brucella are highly infectious bacterial pathogens responsible for brucellosis, a frequent worldwide zoonosis. The Brucella genus has recently expanded from 6 to 11 species, all of which were associated with mammals; The natural host range recently expanded to amphibians after some reports of atypical strains from frogs. Here we describe the first in depth phenotypic and genetic characterization of a Brucella strains isolated from a frog. Strain B13-0095 was isolated from a Pac-Man frog (Ceratophyrus ornate) at a veterinary hospital in Texas and was initially misidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi. We found that B13-0095 belongs to a group of early-diverging brucellae that includes Brucella inopinata strain BO1 and the B. inopinata-like strain BO2, with traits that depart significantly from those of the "classical" Brucella spp. Analysis of B13-0095 genome sequence revealed several specific features that suggest that this isolate represents an intermediate between a soil associated ancestor and the host adapted "classical" species. Like strain BO2, B13-0095 does not possess the genes required to produce the perosamine based LPS found in classical Brucella, but has a set of genes that could encode a rhamnose based O-antigen. Despite this, B13-0095 has a very fast intracellular replication rate in both epithelial cells and macrophages. Finally, another major finding in this study is the bacterial motility observed for strains B13-0095, BO1, and BO2, which is remarkable for this bacterial genus. This study thus highlights several novel characteristics in strains belonging to an emerging group within the Brucella genus. Accurate identification tools for such atypical Brucella isolates and careful evaluation of their zoonotic potential, are urgently required. SN 2235-2988 PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 116 DI 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00116 UT WOS:000384477000002 PM 27734009 ER PT J AU Hatanaka, T Serson, W Li, RZ Armstrong, P Yu, KS Pfeiffer, T Li, XL Hildebrand, D AF Hatanaka, Tomoko Serson, William Li, Runzhi Armstrong, Paul Yu, Keshun Pfeiffer, Todd Li, Xi-Le Hildebrand, David TI A Vernonia Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Can Increase Renewable Oil Production SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Increasing the production of plant oils such as soybean oil as a renewable resource for food and fuel is valuable. Successful breeding for higher oil levels in soybean, however, usually results in reduced protein, a second valuable seed component. This study shows that by manipulating a highly active aryl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) the hydrocarbon flux to oil in oilseeds can be increased without reducing the protein component. Compared to other plant DGATs, a DGAT from Vernonia galamensis (VgDGAT1A) produces much higher oil synthesis and accumulation activity in yeast, insect cells, and soybean. Soybean lines expressing VgDGAT1A show a 4% increase in oil content without reductions in seed protein contents or yield per unit land area. Incorporation of this trait into 50% of soybeans worldwide could result in an increase of 850 million kg oil/year without new land use or inputs and be worth similar to U.S.$1 billion/year at 2012 production and market prices. SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 64 IS 38 BP 7188 EP 7194 DI 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02498 UT WOS:000384518200017 PM 27578203 ER PT J AU Theimer, TC Maestas, JM Bergman, DL AF Theimer, Tad C. Maestas, Jesse M. Bergman, David L. TI Social contacts and den sharing among suburban striped skunks during summer, autumn, and winter SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY AB Determining social contacts among solitary carnivores is difficult given their often nocturnal and secretive nature. We used proximity-sensing radiocollars to quantify social contacts and den sharing among striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in suburban Flagstaff, Arizona, United States, in summer, autumn, and winter 2012-2013. During June and July, we followed 6 males and 5 females and, in spite of overlapping home ranges, they had few social contacts (range = 0-7), and all were brief, nocturnal encounters. From October through February, we followed 8 males and 9 females and found that patterns of contacts were similar for males and females except for significantly higher diurnal contacts (co-denning) among females in winter. Females varied in denning behavior; 1 female denned continuously in the same location from early November to late January, while at the other extreme 1 female moved among 10 different dens across the same time period. Several females moved to new communal dens in late January, resulting in new combinations of females co-denning. Males visited multiple female dens throughout winter. Overall, our data were consistent with previous studies in documenting overlapping home ranges of both sexes with few social contacts in summer, male intolerance but lack of male territoriality, and divergent social behavior in winter, with females co-denning while males generally denned alone. Our study differed from others in documenting more social interaction and movement during winter, often through nocturnal visits by males to female dens, and a shift in denning associations among females near the end of January. OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 PD SEP 27 PY 2016 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1272 EP 1281 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw117 UT WOS:000385628300002 ER PT J AU Poessel, SA Breck, SW Gese, EM AF Poessel, Sharon A. Breck, Stewart W. Gese, Eric M. TI Spatial ecology of coyotes in the Denver metropolitan area: influence of the urban matrix SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY AB Urbanization alters landscapes and ecosystem processes that result in negative impacts for many species. However, urbanization also creates novel environments that certain species, including carnivores, are able to exploit. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are 1 example of a species capable of exploiting urban environments throughout North America and, in some cases, becoming involved in human-coyote conflict. As part of a comprehensive study of human-coyote coexistence in the Denver metropolitan area of Colorado, we investigated the spatial ecology of coyotes to determine movement and activity patterns relative to the urban matrix. We examined home-range size, habitat use, and resource selection for 22 coyotes monitored with GPS collars during 2012-2014. Mean (+/- SD) home-range size of resident coyotes (11.6 +/- 11.0 km(2)) was smaller than ranges of transient coyotes (200.7 +/- 232.4 km(2)). Home-range size did not vary by season or sex, but resident coyotes during the day (7.2 +/- 10.5 km(2)) had smaller home ranges than during the night (11.3 +/- 10.8 km(2)). Coyotes had high percentages of developed lands (44.5 +/- 18.9%) within their home ranges, contrary to previous studies of urban coyotes. However, the percentage of coyote locations in natural lands (48.9 +/- 22.4%) was higher than in developed lands (20.6 +/- 11.7%). Home-range size of residents was not related to either the percentage of developed lands or altered lands within home ranges. Coyotes selected natural lands over developed lands, and they increased activity at night. Although coyotes were able to thrive in home ranges containing large amounts of development, they continued to avoid areas with high human activity by primarily residing in areas with natural land cover. Similar to urban areas throughout the Northern Hemisphere, coyotes in the Denver metropolitan area have become efficiently adapted to a highly developed landscape, reflecting the flexible nature of this opportunistic carnivore. OI Poessel, Sharon/0000-0002-0283-627X SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 PD SEP 27 PY 2016 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1414 EP 1427 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw090 UT WOS:000385628300017 ER PT J AU Hawley, JE Rego, PW Wydeven, AP Schwartz, MK Viner, TC Kays, R Pilgrim, KL Jenks, JA AF Hawley, Jason E. Rego, Paul W. Wydeven, Adrian P. Schwartz, Michael K. Viner, Tabitha C. Kays, Roland Pilgrim, Kristine L. Jenks, Jonathan A. TI Long-distance dispersal of a subadult male cougar from South Dakota to Connecticut documented with DNA evidence SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY AB We report the long-distance dispersal of a subadult male cougar (Puma concolor) from South Dakota to Milford, Connecticut, where it was struck and killed by a vehicle. Genetic samples suggest this animal originated from the Black Hills of South Dakota while isotope analysis and physical inspection revealed no evidence that the animal had been held in captivity. We detected this dispersing individual at 5 locations along its route (Minnesota, 3 times in Wisconsin and New York) with DNA from fecal or hair samples, and with multiple photographs from citizenrun camera traps (3 in Wisconsin and 1 in Michigan). The > 2,450 km straight-line distance (Black Hills of South Dakota to Connecticut) traveled by the cougar is the longest dispersal documented for the species. We propose a likely route of > 2,700 km over 2 years based on topography and our confirmed records. We suggest that this excessive movement was motivated by the absence of female cougars along the route. The documentation of such a rare biological event not only shows the great dispersal potential for male cougars but also highlights our ability to detect these movements with verifiable voucher DNA and photographic records. Evidence collected for this one animal, and complete absence of verifiable data from most anecdotal reports of cougars in the east, further confirms the lack of a breeding population in the region. SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 PD SEP 27 PY 2016 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1435 EP 1440 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw088 UT WOS:000385628300019 ER PT J AU Li, WZ Richter, RA Jung, YS Zhu, QY Li, RW AF Li, Weizhong Richter, R. Alexander Jung, Yunsup Zhu, Qiyun Li, Robert W. TI Web-based bioinformatics workflows for end-to-end RNA-seq data computation and analysis in agricultural animal species SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: Remarkable advances in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, bioinformatics algorithms and computational technologies have significantly accelerated genomic research. However, complicated NGS data analysis still remains as a major bottleneck. RNA-seq, as one of the major area in the NGS field, also confronts great challenges in data analysis. Results: To address the challenges in RNA-seq data analysis, we developed a web portal that offers three integrated workflows that can perform end-to-end compute and analysis, including sequence quality control, read-mapping, transcriptome assembly, reconstruction and quantification, and differential analysis. The first workflow utilizes Tuxedo (Tophat, Cufflink, Cuffmerge and Cuffdiff suite of tools). The second workflow deploys Trinity for de novo assembly and uses RSEM for transcript quantification and EdgeR for differential analysis. The third combines STAR, RSEM, and EdgeR for data analysis. All these workflows support multiple samples and multiple groups of samples and perform differential analysis between groups in a single workflow job submission. The calculated results are available for download and post-analysis. The supported animal species include chicken, cow, duck, goat, pig, horse, rabbit, sheep, turkey, as well as several other model organisms including yeast, C. elegans, Drosophila, and human, with genomic sequences and annotations obtained from ENSEMBL. The RNA-seq portal is freely available from http://weizhongli-lab.org/RNA-seq. Conclusions: The web portal offers not only bioinformatics software, workflows, computation and reference data, but also an integrated environment for complex RNA-seq data analysis for agricultural animal species. In this project, our aim is not to develop new RNA-seq tools, but to build web workflows for using popular existing RNA-seq methods and make these tools more accessible to the communities. RI Li, Weizhong/A-9735-2008 OI Li, Weizhong/0000-0003-1804-9403 SN 1471-2164 PD SEP 27 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 761 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3118-z UT WOS:000384365600002 PM 27678198 ER PT J AU Cai, J Wang, S Li, T Zhang, GR Bai, GH AF Cai, Jin Wang, Shan Li, Tao Zhang, Guorong Bai, Guihua TI Multiple Minor QTLs Are Responsible for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Chinese Wheat Landrace Haiyanzhong SO PLOS ONE AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, is a devastating disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Use of host resistance is one of the most effective strategies to minimize the disease damage. Haiyanzhong (HYZ) is a Chinese wheat land-race that shows a high level of resistance to FHB spread within a spike (type II resistance). To map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in HYZ and identify markers tightly linked to the QTLs for FHB resistance, a population of 172 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between HYZ and Wheaton (FHB susceptible) was genotyped using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), and evaluated for percentage of symptomatic spikelets (PSSs) per spike in three greenhouse experiments. Six QTLs for type II resistance were identified in HYZ, indicating that multiple minor QTLs together can provide a high level of FHB resistance in wheat. The QTL with the largest effect on FHB resistance was mapped on the chromosome arm 5AS, and the other five from HYZ were mapped on the chromosomes 6B, 7D, 3B, 4B and 4D. In addition, two QTLs from Wheaton were mapped on 2B. Critical SNPs linked to the QTLs on chromosomes 5A, 6B, and 2B were converted into KBioscience competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays, which can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to pyramid these QTLs in wheat. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 27 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0163292 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0163292 UT WOS:000384169900014 PM 27676181 ER PT J AU Dharmasena, MN Feuille, CM Starke, CEC Bhagwat, AA Stibitz, S Kopecko, DJ AF Dharmasena, Madushini N. Feuille, Catherine M. Starke, Carly Elizabeth C. Bhagwat, Arvind A. Stibitz, Scott Kopecko, Dennis J. TI Development of an Acid-Resistant Salmonella Typhi Ty21a Attenuated Vector For Improved Oral Vaccine Delivery SO PLOS ONE AB The licensed oral, live-attenuated bacterial vaccine for typhoid fever, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain Ty21a, has also been utilized as a vaccine delivery platform for expression of diverse foreign antigens that stimulate protection against shigellosis, anthrax, plague, or human papilloma virus. However, Ty21a is acid-labile and, for effective oral immunization, stomach acidity has to be either neutralized with buffer or by-passed with Ty21a in an enteric-coated capsule (ECC). Several studies have shown that efficacy is reduced when Ty21a is administered in an ECC versus as a buffered liquid formulation, the former limiting exposure to GI tract lymphoid tissues. However, the ECC was selected as a more practical delivery format for both packaging/shipping and vaccine administration ease. We have sought to increase Ty21a acid-resistance to allow for removal from the ECC and immune enhancement. To improve Ty21a acid-resistance, glutamate-dependent acid resistance genes (GAD; responsible for Shigella spp. survival at very low pH) were cloned on a multi-copy plasmid (pGad) under a controllable arabinose-inducible promoter. pGad enhanced acid survival of Ty21a by 5 logs after 3 hours at pH 2.5, when cells were pre-grown in arabinose and under conditions that promote an acid-tolerance response (ATR). For genetically 100% stable expression, we inserted the gad genes into the Ty21a chromosome, using a method that allowed for subsequent removal of a selectable antibiotic resistance marker. Further, both bacterial growth curves and survival assays in cultured human monocytes/macrophages suggest that neither the genetic methods employed nor the resulting acid-resistance conferred by expression of the Gad proteins in Ty21a had any effect on the existing attenuation of this vaccine strain. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 27 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0163511 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0163511 UT WOS:000384169900021 PM 27673328 ER PT J AU Zhang, JW Presley, GN Hammel, KE Ryu, JS Menke, JR Figueroa, M Hu, DH Orr, G Schilling, JS AF Zhang, Jiwei Presley, Gerald N. Hammel, Kenneth E. Ryu, Jae-San Menke, Jon R. Figueroa, Melania Hu, Dehong Orr, Galya Schilling, Jonathan S. TI Localizing gene regulation reveals a staggered wood decay mechanism for the brown rot fungus Postia placenta SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Wood-degrading brown rot fungi are essential recyclers of plant biomass in forest ecosystems. Their efficient cellulolytic systems, which have potential biotechnological applications, apparently depend on a combination of two mechanisms: lignocellulose oxidation (LOX) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and polysaccharide hydrolysis by a limited set of glycoside hydrolases (GHs). Given that ROS are strongly oxidizing and nonselective, these two steps are likely segregated. A common hypothesis has been that brown rot fungi use a concentration gradient of chelated metal ions to confine ROS generation inside wood cell walls before enzymes can infiltrate. We examined an alternative: that LOX components involved in ROS production are differentially expressed by brown rot fungi ahead of GH components. We used spatial mapping to resolve a temporal sequence in Postia placenta, sectioning thin wood wafers colonized directionally. Among sections, we measured gene expression by whole-transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq) and assayed relevant enzyme activities. We found a marked pattern of LOX up-regulation in a narrow (5-mm, 48-h) zone at the hyphal front, which included many genes likely involved in ROS generation. Up-regulation of GH5 endoglucanases and many other GHs clearly occurred later, behind the hyphal front, with the notable exceptions of two likely expansins and a GH28 pectinase. Our results support a staggered mechanism for brown rot that is controlled by differential expression rather than microenvironmental gradients. This mechanism likely results in an oxidative pretreatment of lignocellulose, possibly facilitated by expansin-and pectinase-assisted cell wall swelling, before cellulases and hemicellulases are deployed for polysaccharide depolymerization. RI Hu, Dehong/B-4650-2010; Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hu, Dehong/0000-0002-3974-2963; Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 SN 0027-8424 PD SEP 27 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 39 BP 10968 EP 10973 DI 10.1073/pnas.1608454113 UT WOS:000383954700056 PM 27621450 ER PT J AU Giatsis, C Sipkema, D Ramiro-Garcia, J Bacanu, GM Abernathy, J Verreth, J Smidt, H Verdegem, M AF Giatsis, Christos Sipkema, Detmer Ramiro-Garcia, Javier Bacanu, Gianina M. Abernathy, Jason Verreth, Johan Smidt, Hauke Verdegem, Marc TI Probiotic legacy effects on gut microbial assembly in tilapia larvae SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB The exposure of fish to environmental free-living microbes and its effect on early colonization in the gut have been studied in recent years. However, little is known regarding how the host and environment interact to shape gut communities during early life. Here, we tested whether the early microbial exposure of tilapia larvae affects the gut microbiota at later life stages. The experimental period was divided into three stages: axenic, probiotic and active suspension. Axenic tilapia larvae were reared either under conventional conditions (active suspension systems) or exposed to a single strain probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) added to the water. Microbial characterization by Illumina HiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed the presence of B. subtilis in the gut during the seven days of probiotic application. Although B. subtilis was no longer detected in the guts of fish exposed to the probiotic after day 7, gut microbiota of the exposed tilapia larvae remained significantly different from that of the control treatment. Compared with the control, fish gut microbiota under probiotic treatment was less affected by spatial differences resulting from tank replication, suggesting that the early probiotic contact contributed to the subsequent observation of low inter-individual variation. SN 2045-2322 PD SEP 27 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33965 DI 10.1038/srep33965 UT WOS:000384101200001 PM 27670882 ER PT J AU Alzan, HF Lau, AOT Knowles, DP Herndon, DR Ueti, MW Scoles, GA Kappmeyer, LS Suarez, CE AF Alzan, Heba F. Lau, Audrey O. T. Knowles, Donald P. Herndon, David R. Ueti, Massaro W. Scoles, Glen A. Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Suarez, Carlos E. TI Expression of 6-Cys Gene Superfamily Defines Babesia bovis Sexual Stage Development within Rhipicephalus microplus SO PLOS ONE AB Babesia bovis, an intra-erythrocytic tick-borne apicomplexan protozoan, is one of the causative agents of bovine babesiosis. Its life cycle includes sexual reproduction within cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus spp. Six B. bovis 6-Cys gene superfamily members were previously identified (A, B, C, D, E, F) where their orthologues in Plasmodium parasite have been shown to encode for proteins required for the development of sexual stages. The current study identified four additional 6-Cys genes (G, H, I, J) in the B. bovis genome. These four genes are described in the context of the complete ten 6-Cys gene superfamily. The proteins expressed by this gene family are predicted to be secreted or surface membrane directed. Genetic analysis comparing the 6-Cys superfamily among five distinct B. bovis strains shows limited sequence variation. Additionally, A, B, E, H, I and J genes were transcribed in B. bovis infected tick midgut while genes A, B and E were also transcribed in the subsequent B. bovis kinete stage. Transcription of gene C was found exclusively in the kinete. In contrast, transcription of genes D, F and G in either B. bovis infected midguts or kinetes was not detected. None of the 6-Cys transcripts were detected in B. bovis blood stages. Subsequent protein analysis of 6-Cys A and B is concordant with their transcript profile. The collective data indicate as in Plasmodium parasite, certain B. bovis 6-Cys family members are uniquely expressed during sexual stages and therefore, they are likely required for parasite reproduction. Within B. bovis specifically, proteins encoded by 6-Cys genes A and B are markers for sexual stages and candidate antigens for developing novel vaccines able to interfere with the development of B. bovis within the tick vector. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 26 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0163791 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0163791 UT WOS:000384167300071 PM 27668751 ER PT J AU Ottesen, AR Gorham, S Reed, E Newell, MJ Ramachandra, P Canida, T Allard, M Evans, P Brown, E White, JR AF Ottesen, Andrea R. Gorham, Sasha Reed, Elizabeth Newell, Michael J. Ramachandra, Padmini Canida, Travis Allard, Marc Evans, Peter Brown, Eric White, James Robert TI Using a Control to Better Understand Phyllosphere Microbiota SO PLOS ONE AB An important data gap in our understanding of the phyllosphere surrounds the origin of the many microbes described as phyllosphere communities. Most sampling in phyllosphere research has focused on the collection of microbiota without the use of a control, so the opportunity to determine which taxa are actually driven by the biology and physiology of plants as opposed to introduced by environmental forces has yet to be fully realized. To address this data gap, we used plastic plants as inanimate controls adjacent to live tomato plants (phyllosphere) in the field with the hope of distinguishing between bacterial microbiota that may be endemic to plants as opposed to introduced by environmental forces. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicons to study bacterial membership at four time points, we found that the vast majority of all species-level operational taxonomic units were shared at all time-points. Very few taxa were unique to phyllosphere samples. A higher taxonomic diversity was consistently observed in the control samples. The high level of shared taxonomy suggests that environmental forces likely play a very important role in the introduction of microbes to plant surfaces. The observation that very few taxa were unique to the plants compared to the number that were unique to controls was surprising and further suggests that a subset of environmentally introduced taxa thrive on plants. This finding has important implications for improving our approach to the description of core phytobiomes as well as potentially helping us better understand how foodborne pathogens may become associated with plant surfaces. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 26 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0163482 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0163482 UT WOS:000384167300050 PM 27669159 ER PT J AU Liu, JJ Schoettle, AW Sniezko, RA Sturrock, RN Zamany, A Williams, H Ha, A Chan, D Danchok, B Savin, DP Kegley, A AF Liu, Jun-Jun Schoettle, Anna W. Sniezko, Richard A. Sturrock, Rona N. Zamany, Arezoo Williams, Holly Ha, Amanda Chan, Danelle Danchok, Bob Savin, Douglas P. Kegley, Angelia TI Genetic mapping of Pinus flexilis major gene (Cr4) for resistance to white pine blister rust using transcriptome-based SNP genotyping SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: Linkage of DNA markers with phenotypic traits provides essential information to dissect clustered genes with potential phenotypic contributions in a target genome region. Pinus flexilis E. James (limber pine) is a keystone five-needle pine species in mountain-top ecosystems of North America. White pine blister rust (WPBR), caused by a non-native fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola (J.C. Fisch.), has resulted in mortality in this conifer species and is still spreading through the distribution. The objective of this research was to develop P. flexilis transcriptome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using RNA-seq analysis for genetic mapping of the major gene (Cr4) that confers complete resistance to C. ribicola. Results: Needle tissues of one resistant and two susceptible seedling families were subjected to RNA-seq analysis. In silico SNP markers were uncovered by mapping the RNA-seq reads back to the de novo assembled transcriptomes. A total of 110,573 in silico SNPs and 2,870 indels were identified with an average of 3.7 SNPs per Kb. These SNPs were distributed in 17,041 unigenes. Of these polymorphic P. flexilis unigenes, 6,584 were highly conserved as compared to the genome sequence of P. taeda L (loblolly pine). High-throughput genotyping arrays were designed and were used to search for Cr4-linked genic SNPs in megagametophyte populations of four maternal trees by haploid-segregation analysis. A total of 32 SNP markers in 25 genes were localized on the Cr4 linkage group (LG). Syntenic relationships of this Cr4 LG map with the model conifer species P. taeda anchored Cr4 on Pinus consensus LG8, indicating that R genes against C. ribicola have evolved independently in different five-needle pines. Functional genes close to Cr4 were annotated and their potential roles in Cr4-mediated resistance were further discussed. Conclusions: We demonstrated a very effective, low-cost strategy for developing a SNP genetic map of a phenotypic trait of interest. SNP discovery through transcriptome comparison was integrated with high-throughput genotyping of a small set of in silico SNPs. This strategy may be applied to mapping any trait in non-model plant species that have complex genomes. Whole transcriptome sequencing provides a powerful tool for SNP discovery in conifers and other species with complex genomes, for which sequencing and annotation of complex genomes is still challenging. The genic SNP map for the consensus Cr4-LG may help future molecular breeding efforts by enabling both Cr4 positional characterization and selection of this gene against WPBR. SN 1471-2164 PD SEP 23 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 753 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3079-2 UT WOS:000384362200001 ER PT J AU Scoglio, CM Bosca, C Riad, MH Sahneh, FD Britch, SC Cohnstaedt, LW Linthicum, KJ AF Scoglio, Caterina M. Bosca, Claudio Riad, Mahbubul H. Sahneh, Faryad D. Britch, Seth C. Cohnstaedt, Lee W. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Biologically Informed Individual-Based Network Model for Rift Valley Fever in the US and Evaluation of Mitigation Strategies SO PLOS ONE AB Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease endemic in sub-Saharan Africa with periodic outbreaks in human and animal populations. Mosquitoes are the primary disease vectors; however, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) can also spread by direct contact with infected tissues. The transmission cycle is complex, involving humans, livestock, and multiple species of mosquitoes. The epidemiology of RVFV in endemic areas is strongly affected by climatic conditions and environmental variables. In this research, we adapt and use a network-based modeling framework to simulate the transmission of RVFV among hypothetical cattle operations in Kansas, US. Our model considers geo-located livestock populations at the individual level while incorporating the role of mosquito populations and the environment at a coarse resolution. Extensive simulations show the flexibility of our modeling framework when applied to specific scenarios to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of mosquito control and livestock movement regulations in reducing the extent and intensity of RVF outbreaks in the United States. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 23 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0162759 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162759 UT WOS:000383893500013 PM 27662585 ER PT J AU Ettayebi, K Crawford, SE Murakami, K Broughman, JR Karandikar, U Tenge, VR Neill, FH Blutt, SE Zeng, XL Qu, L Kou, B Opekun, AR Burrin, D Graham, DY Ramani, S Atmar, RL Estes, MK AF Ettayebi, Khalil Crawford, Sue E. Murakami, Kosuke Broughman, James R. Karandikar, Umesh Tenge, Victoria R. Neill, Frederick H. Blutt, Sarah E. Zeng, Xi-Lei Qu, Lin Kou, Baijun Opekun, Antone R. Burrin, Douglas Graham, David Y. Ramani, Sasirekha Atmar, Robert L. Estes, Mary K. TI Replication of human noroviruses in stem cell-derived human enteroids SO SCIENCE AB The major barrier to research and development of effective interventions for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) has been the lack of a robust and reproducible in vitro cultivation system. HuNoVs are the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. We report the successful cultivation of multiple HuNoV strains in enterocytes in stem cell-derived, nontransformed human intestinal enteroid monolayer cultures. Bile, a critical factor of the intestinal milieu, is required for strain-dependent HuNoV replication. Lack of appropriate histoblood group antigen expression in intestinal cells restricts virus replication, and infectivity is abrogated by inactivation (e.g., irradiation, heating) and serum neutralization. This culture system recapitulates the human intestinal epithelium, permits human host-pathogen studies of previously noncultivatable pathogens, and allows the assessment of methods to prevent and treat HuNoV infections. SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 PD SEP 23 PY 2016 VL 353 IS 6306 BP 1387 EP 1393 DI 10.1126/science.aaf5211 UT WOS:000383708700033 PM 27562956 ER PT J AU El Bissati, K Chentoufi, AA Krishack, PA Zhou, Y Woods, S Dubey, JP Vang, L Lykins, J Broderick, KE Mui, E Suzuki, Y Sa, Q Bi, S Cardona, N Verma, SK Frazeck, L Reardon, CA Sidney, J Alexander, J Sette, A Vedvick, T Fox, C Guderian, JA Reed, S Roberts, CW McLeod, R AF El Bissati, Kamal Chentoufi, Aziz A. Krishack, Paulette A. Zhou, Ying Woods, Stuart Dubey, Jitender P. Vang, Lo Lykins, Joseph Broderick, Kate E. Mui, Ernest Suzuki, Yasuhiro Sa, Qila Bi, Stephanie Cardona, Nestor Verma, Shiv K. Frazeck, Laura Reardon, Catherine A. Sidney, John Alexander, Jeff Sette, Alessandro Vedvick, Tom Fox, Chris Guderian, Jeffrey A. Reed, Steven Roberts, Craig W. McLeod, Rima TI Adjuvanted multi-epitope vaccines protect HLA-A*11:01 transgenic mice against Toxoplasma gondii SO JCI INSIGHT AB We created and tested multi-epitope DNA or protein vaccines with TLR4 ligand emulsion adjuvant (gluco glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion [GLA-SE]) for their ability to protect against Toxoplasma gondii in HLA transgenic mice. Our constructs each included 5 of our best down-selected CD8(+) T cell-eliciting epitopes, a universal CD4(+) helper T lymphocyte epitope (PADRE), and a secretory signal, all arranged for optimal MHC-I presentation. Their capacity to elicit immune and protective responses was studied using immunization of HLA-A*11:01 transgenic mice. These multi-epitope vaccines increased memory CD8(+) T cells that produced IFN-gamma and protected mice against parasite burden when challenged with T. gondii. Endocytosis of emulsion-trapped protein and cross presentation of the antigens must account for the immunogenicity of our adjuvanted protein. Thus, our work creates an adjuvanted platform assembly of peptides resulting in cross presentation of CD8(+) T cell-eliciting epitopes in a vaccine that prevents toxoplasmosis. OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-0653-835X SN 2379-3708 PD SEP 22 PY 2016 VL 1 IS 15 AR e85955 DI 10.1172/jci.insight.85955 UT WOS:000387123200002 PM 27699241 ER PT J AU Mason, CJ Scully, ED Geib, SM Hoover, K AF Mason, Charles J. Scully, Erin D. Geib, Scott M. Hoover, Kelli TI Contrasting diets reveal metabolic plasticity in the tree-killing beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Wood-feeding insects encounter challenging diets containing low protein quantities, recalcitrant carbohydrate sources, and plant defensive compounds. The Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) is a wood-feeding insect that attacks and kills a diversity of hardwood tree species. We compared gene expression of midguts collected from larvae feeding in a preferred tree, sugar maple, to those consuming a nutrient-rich artificial diet, to identify genes putatively involved in host plant utilization. Anoplophora glabripennis larvae exhibited differential expression of similar to 3600 genes in response to different diets. Genes with predicted capacity for plant and microbial carbohydrate usage, detoxification, nutrient recycling, and immune-related genes relevant for facilitating interactions with microbial symbionts were upregulated in wood-feeding larvae compared to larvae feeding in artificial diet. Upregulation of genes involved in protein degradation and synthesis was also observed, suggesting that proteins incur more rapid turnover in insects consuming wood. Additionally, wood-feeding individuals exhibited elevated expression of several mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase genes, suggesting increased aerobic respiration compared to diet-fed larvae. These results indicate that A. glabripennis modulates digestive and basal gene expression when larvae are feeding in a nutrient-poor, yet suitable host plant compared to a tractable and nutrient-rich diet that is free of plant defensive compounds. SN 2045-2322 PD SEP 22 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33813 DI 10.1038/srep33813 UT WOS:000383692400001 ER PT J AU Papanicolaou, A Schetelig, MF Arensburger, P Atkinson, PW Benoit, JB Bourtzis, K Castanera, P Cavanaugh, JP Chao, H Childers, C Curril, I Dinh, H Doddapaneni, H Dolan, A Dugan, S Friedrich, M Gasperi, G Geib, S Georgakilas, G Gibbs, RA Giers, SD Gomulski, LM Gonzalez-Guzman, M Guillem-Amat, A Han, Y Hatzigeorgiou, AG Hernandez-Crespo, P Hughes, DST Jones, JW Karagkouni, D Koskinioti, P Lee, SL Malacrida, AR Manni, M Mathiopoulos, K Meccariello, A Murali, SC Murphy, TD Muzny, DM Oberhofer, G Ortego, F Paraskevopoulou, MD Poelchau, M Qu, JX Reczko, M Robertson, HM Rosendale, AJ Rosselot, AE Saccone, G Salvemini, M Savini, G Schreiner, P Scolari, F Siciliano, P Sim, SB Tsiamis, G Urena, E Vlachos, IS Werren, JH Wimmer, EA Worley, KC Zacharopoulou, A Richards, S Handler, AM AF Papanicolaou, Alexie Schetelig, Marc F. Arensburger, Peter Atkinson, Peter W. Benoit, Joshua B. Bourtzis, Kostas Castanera, Pedro Cavanaugh, John P. Chao, Hsu Childers, Christopher Curril, Ingrid Huyen Dinh Doddapaneni, HarshaVardhan Dolan, Amanda Dugan, Shannon Friedrich, Markus Gasperi, Giuliano Geib, Scott Georgakilas, Georgios Gibbs, Richard A. Giers, Sarah D. Gomulski, Ludvik M. Gonzalez-Guzman, Miguel Guillem-Amat, Ana Han, Yi Hatzigeorgiou, Artemis G. Hernandez-Crespo, Pedro Hughes, Daniel S. T. Jones, Jeffery W. Karagkouni, Dimitra Koskinioti, Panagiota Lee, Sandra L. Malacrida, Anna R. Manni, Mose Mathiopoulos, Kostas Meccariello, Angela Murali, Shwetha C. Murphy, Terence D. Muzny, Donna M. Oberhofer, Georg Ortego, Felix Paraskevopoulou, Maria D. Poelchau, Monica Qu, Jiaxin Reczko, Martin Robertson, Hugh M. Rosendale, Andrew J. Rosselot, Andrew E. Saccone, Giuseppe Salvemini, Marco Savini, Grazia Schreiner, Patrick Scolari, Francesca Siciliano, Paolo Sim, Sheina B. Tsiamis, George Urena, Enric Vlachos, Ioannis S. Werren, John H. Wimmer, Ernst A. Worley, Kim C. Zacharopoulou, Antigone Richards, Stephen Handler, Alfred M. TI The whole genome sequence of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), reveals insights into the biology and adaptive evolution of a highly invasive pest species SO GENOME BIOLOGY AB Background: The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is a major destructive insect pest due to its broad host range, which includes hundreds of fruits and vegetables. It exhibits a unique ability to invade and adapt to ecological niches throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world, though medfly infestations have been prevented and controlled by the sterile insect technique (SIT) as part of integrated pest management programs (IPMs). The genetic analysis and manipulation of medfly has been subject to intensive study in an effort to improve SIT efficacy and other aspects of IPM control. Results: The 479 Mb medfly genome is sequenced from adult flies from lines inbred for 20 generations. A high-quality assembly is achieved having a contig N50 of 45.7 kb and scaffold N50 of 4.06 Mb. In-depth curation of more than 1800 messenger RNAs shows specific gene expansions that can be related to invasiveness and host adaptation, including gene families for chemoreception, toxin and insecticide metabolism, cuticle proteins, opsins, and aquaporins. We identify genes relevant to IPM control, including those required to improve SIT. Conclusions: The medfly genome sequence provides critical insights into the biology of one of the most serious and widespread agricultural pests. This knowledge should significantly advance the means of controlling the size and invasive potential of medfly populations. Its close relationship to Drosophila, and other insect species important to agriculture and human health, will further comparative functional and structural studies of insect genomes that should broaden our understanding of gene family evolution. RI Pedro, Hernandez-Crespo/H-9937-2015; Papanicolaou, Alexie/A-1618-2011; Gonzalez-Guzman, Miguel/F-2318-2014 OI Pedro, Hernandez-Crespo/0000-0001-9350-3640; Papanicolaou, Alexie/0000-0002-3635-6848; Gonzalez-Guzman, Miguel/0000-0003-1000-9255 SN 1474-760X PD SEP 22 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 192 DI 10.1186/s13059-016-1049-2 UT WOS:000384461900002 PM 27659211 ER PT J AU Tsunoda, F Lamon-Fava, S Horvath, KV Schaefer, EJ Asztalos, BF AF Tsunoda, Fumiyoshi Lamon-Fava, Stefania Horvath, Katalin V. Schaefer, Ernst J. Asztalos, Bela F. TI Comparing fluorescence-based cell-free assays for the assessment of antioxidative capacity of high-density lipoproteins SO LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE AB Background: Population studies have shown an inverse association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). HDL has different functions, including the ability to protect biological molecules from oxidation. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of two fluorescence-based assays in assessing the antioxidative capacity of HDL. Methods: We compared the antioxidative capacity of HDL with the phospholipid 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) assay and the dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay in controls and in subjects at increased risk of CHD, including subjects with established CHD, and subjects with elevated plasma triglycerides (TG), serum amyloid A (SAA), or myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. Results: The antioxidative capacity of HDL, as measured by the DCF assay, was significantly lower in both CHD and high-TG patients than in controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Interestingly, the mean antioxidative capacity of HDL in high-SAA subjects was significantly higher (p < 0.03), while in high-MPO subjects was similar to controls. When the DHR assay was used we did not find differences in HDL's antioxidative capacity between CHD patients and controls but we found higher antioxidative capacity in high-SAA subjects compared to controls. Conclusions: Only the DCF assay could detect significant differences in the antioxidative capacity of HDL between controls and CHD subjects. Practical use of both assays for the assessment of antioxidative capacity of HDL is limited by the large overlap in values among groups. The antioxidative activity of HDL in patients who have elevated SAA levels needs to be reassessed. SN 1476-511X PD SEP 22 PY 2016 VL 15 AR 163 DI 10.1186/s12944-016-0336-y UT WOS:000384580300001 PM 27658709 ER PT J AU Jafarzadeh, J Bonnett, D Jannink, JL Akdemir, D Dreisigacker, S Sorrells, ME AF Jafarzadeh, Jafar Bonnett, David Jannink, Jean-Luc Akdemir, Deniz Dreisigacker, Susanne Sorrells, Mark E. TI Breeding Value of Primary Synthetic Wheat Genotypes for Grain Yield SO PLOS ONE AB To introduce new genetic diversity into the bread wheat gene pool from its progenitor, Aegi-lops tauschii (Coss.) Schmalh, 33 primary synthetic hexaploid wheat genotypes (SYN) were crossed to 20 spring bread wheat (BW) cultivars at the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center. Modified single seed descent was used to develop 97 populations with 50 individuals per population using first back-cross, biparental, and three-way crosses. Individuals from each cross were selected for short stature, early heading, flowering and maturity, minimal lodging, and free threshing. Yield trials were conducted under irrigated, drought, and heat-stress conditions from 2011 to 2014 in Ciudad Obregon, Mexico. Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of parents and synthetic derived lines (SDLs) were estimated using a genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) model with markers in each trial. In each environment, there were SDLs that had higher GEBVs than their recurrent BW parent for yield. The GEBVs of BW parents for yield ranged from -0.32 in heat to 1.40 in irrigated trials. The range of the SYN parent GEBVs for yield was from -2.69 in the irrigated to 0.26 in the heat trials and were mostly negative across environments. The contribution of the SYN parents to improved grain yield of the SDLs was highest under heat stress, with an average GEBV for the top 10% of the SDLs of 0.55 while the weighted average GEBV of their corresponding recurrent BW parents was 0.26. Using the pedigree-based model, the accuracy of genomic prediction for yield was 0.42, 0.43, and 0.49 in the drought, heat and irrigated trials, respectively, while for the marker-based model these values were 0.43, 0.44, and 0.55. The SYN parents introduced novel diversity into the wheat gene pool. Higher GEBVs of progenies were due to introgression and retention of some positive alleles from SYN parents. OI Jafarzadeh, Jafar/0000-0002-0144-6034 SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 22 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e162860 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162860 UT WOS:000383893200035 PM 27656893 ER PT J AU Nimmakayala, P Tomason, YR Abburi, VL Alvarado, A Saminathan, T Vajja, VG Salazar, G Panicker, GK Levi, A Wechter, WP McCreight, JD Korol, AB Ronin, Y Garcia-Mas, J Reddy, UK AF Nimmakayala, Padma Tomason, Yan R. Abburi, Venkata L. Alvarado, Alejandra Saminathan, Thangasamy Vajja, Venkata G. Salazar, Germania Panicker, Girish K. Levi, Amnon Wechter, William P. McCreight, James D. Korol, Abraham B. Ronin, Yefim Garcia-Mas, Jordi Reddy, Umesh K. TI Genome-Wide Differentiation of Various Melon Horticultural Groups for Use in GWAS for Fruit Firmness and Construction of a High Resolution Genetic Map SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a phenotypically diverse eudicot diploid (2n = 2x = 24) has climacteric and non-climacteric morphotypes and show wide variation for fruit firmness, an important trait for transportation and shelf life. We generated 13,789 SNP markers using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and anchored them to chromosomes to understand genome-wide fixation indices (Fst) between various melon morphotypes and genomewide linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay. The F-ST between accessions of cantalupensis and inodorus was 0.23. The F-ST between cantalupensis and various agrestis accessions was in a range of 0.190.53 and between inodorus and agrestis accessions was in a range of 0.210.59 indicating sporadic to wide ranging introgression. The EM (Expectation Maximization) algorithm was used for estimation of 1436 haplotypes. Average genome-wide LD decay for the melon genome was noted to be 9.27 Kb. In the current research, we focused on the genome-wide divergence underlying diverse melon horticultural groups. A high-resolution genetic map with 7153 loci was constructed. Genome-wide segregation distortion and recombination rate across various chromosomes were characterized. Melon has climacteric and non-climacteric morphotypes and wide variation for fruit firmness, a very important trait for transportation and shelf life. Various levels of QTLs were identified with high to moderate stringency and linked to fruit firmness using both genome-wide association study (GWAS) and biparental mapping. Gene annotation revealed some of the SNPs are located in beta-D-xylosidase, glyoxysomal malate synthase, chloroplastic anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase, and histidine kinase, the genes that were previously characterized for fruit ripening and softening in other crops. SN 1664-462X PD SEP 22 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1437 DI 10.3389/fpls.2016.01437 UT WOS:000383659500002 PM 27713759 ER PT J AU Sundararajan, A Dukowic-Schulze, S Kwicklis, M Engstrom, K Garcia, N Oviedo, OJ Ramaraj, T Gonzales, MD He, Y Wang, MH Sun, Q Pillardy, J Kianian, SF Pawlowski, WP Chen, CB Mudge, J AF Sundararajan, Anitha Dukowic-Schulze, Stefanie Kwicklis, Madeline Engstrom, Kayla Garcia, Nathan Oviedo, Oliver J. Ramaraj, Thiruvarangan Gonzales, Michael D. He, Yan Wang, Minghui Sun, Qi Pillardy, Jaroslaw Kianian, Shahryar F. Pawlowski, Wojciech P. Chen, Changbin Mudge, Joann TI Gene Evolutionary Trajectories and GC Patterns Driven by Recombination in Zea mays SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB Recombination occurring during meiosis is critical for creating genetic variation and plays an essential role in plant evolution. In addition to creating novel gene combinations, recombination can affect genome structure through altering GC patterns. In maize (Zea mays) and other grasses, another intriguing GC pattern exists. Maize genes show a bimodal GC content distribution that has been attributed to nucleotide bias in the third, or wobble, position of the codon. Recombination may be an underlying driving force given that recombination sites are often associated with high GC content. Here we explore the relationship between recombination and genomic GC patterns by comparing GC gene content at each of the three codon positions (GC(1), GC(2), and GC(3), collectively termed GC(x)) to instances of a variable GC-rich motif that underlies double strand break (DSB) hotspots and to meiocyte-specific gene expression. Surprisingly, GCx bimodality in maize cannot be fully explained by the codon wobble hypothesis. High GCx genes show a strong overlap with the DSB hotspot motif, possibly providing a mechanism for the high evolutionary rates seen in these genes. On the other hand, genes that are turned on in meiosis (early prophase I) are biased against both high GCx genes and genes with the DSB hotspot motif, possibly allowing important meiotic genes to avoid DSBs. Our data suggests a strong link between the GC-rich motif underlying DSB hotspots and high GCx genes. OI Dukowic-Schulze, Stefanie/0000-0003-2675-1075 SN 1664-462X PD SEP 22 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1433 DI 10.3389/fpls.2016.01433 UT WOS:000383659400001 PM 27713757 ER PT J AU Stockwell, CE Jayarathne, T Cochrane, MA Ryan, KC Putra, EI Saharjo, BH Nurhayati, AD Albar, I Blake, DR Simpson, IJ Stone, EA Yokelson, RJ AF Stockwell, Chelsea E. Jayarathne, Thilina Cochrane, Mark A. Ryan, Kevin C. Putra, Erianto I. Saharjo, Bambang H. Nurhayati, Ati D. Albar, Israr Blake, Donald R. Simpson, Isobel J. Stone, Elizabeth A. Yokelson, Robert J. TI Field measurements of trace gases and aerosols emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Nino SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS AB Peat fires in Southeast Asia have become a major annual source of trace gases and particles to the regional-global atmosphere. The assessment of their influence on atmospheric chemistry, climate, air quality, and health has been uncertain partly due to a lack of field measurements of the smoke characteristics. During the strong 2015 El Nino event we deployed a mobile smoke sampling team in the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan on the island of Borneo and made the first, or rare, field measurements of trace gases, aerosol optical properties, and aerosol mass emissions for authentic peat fires burning at various depths in different peat types. This paper reports the trace gas and aerosol measurements obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, whole air sampling, photoacoustic extinctiometers (405 and 870 nm), and a small subset of the data from analyses of particulate filters. The trace gas measurements provide emission factors (EFs; grams of a compound per kilogram biomass burned) for up to similar to 90 gases, including CO2, CO, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons up to C-10, 15 oxygenated organic compounds, NH3, HCN, NO , OCS, HCl, etc. The modified combustion efficiency (MCE) of the smoke sources ranged from 0.693 to 0.835 with an average of 0.772 +/- 0.053 (n = 35), indicating essentially pure smoldering combustion, and the emissions were not initially strongly lofted. The major trace gas emissions by mass (EF as g kg(-1)) were carbon dioxide (1564 +/- 77), carbon monoxide (291 +/- 49), methane (9.51 +/- 4.74), hydrogen cyanide (5.75 +/- 1.60), acetic acid (3.89 +/- 1.65), ammonia (2.86 +/- 1.00), methanol (2.14 +/- 1.22), ethane (1.52 +/- 0.66), dihydrogen (1.22 +/- 1.01), propylene (1.07 +/- 0.53), propane (0.989 +/- 0.644), ethylene (0.961 +/- 0.528), benzene (0.954 +/- 0.394), formaldehyde (0.867 +/- 0.479), hydroxyacetone (0.860 +/- 0.433), furan (0.772 +/- 0.035), acetaldehyde (0.697 +/- 0.460), and acetone (0.691 +/- 0.356). These field data support significant revision of the EFs for CO2 (-8%), CH4 (-55 %), NH3 (86 %), CO (+39 %), and other gases compared with widely used recommendations for tropical peat fires based on a lab study of a single sample published in 2003. BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) are important air toxics and aerosol precursors and were emitted in total at 1.5 +/- 0.6 g kg(-1). Formaldehyde is probably the air toxic gas most likely to cause local exposures that exceed recommended levels. The field results from Kalimantan were in reasonable agreement with recent lab measurements of smoldering Kalimantan peat for "overlap species," lending importance to the lab finding that burning peat produces large emissions of acetamide, acrolein, methylglyoxal, etc., which were not measurable in the field with the deployed equipment and implying value in continued similar efforts. The aerosol optical data measured include EFs for the scattering and absorption coefficients (EF B-scat and EF B-abs, m(2) kg(-1) fuel burned) and the single scattering albedo (SSA) at 870 and 405 nm, as well as the absorption Angstrom exponents (AAE). By coupling the absorption and co-located trace gas and filter data we estimated black carbon (BC) EFs (g kg(-1)) and the mass absorption coefficient (MAC, m(2) g(-1)) for the bulk organic carbon (OC) due to brown carbon (BrC). Consistent with the minimal flaming, the emissions of BC were negligible (0.0055 +/- 0.0016 g kg(-1)). Aerosol absorption at 405 nm was +/- 52 times larger than at 870 nm and BrC contributed +/- 96% of the absorption at 405 nm. Average AAE was 4.97 +/- 0.65 (range, 4.29-6.23). The average SSA at 405 nm (0.974 +/- 0.016) was marginally lower than the average SSA at 870 nm (0.998 +/- 0.001). These data facilitate modeling climate-relevant aerosol optical properties across much of the UV/visible spectrum and the high AAE and lower SSA at 405 nm demonstrate the dominance of absorption by the organic aerosol. Comparing the B abs at 405 nm to the simultaneously measured OC mass on filters suggests a low MAC (similar to 0.1) for the bulk OC, as expected for the low BC/OC ratio in the aerosol. The importance of pyrolysis (at lower MCE), as opposed to glowing (at higher MCE), in producing BrC is seen in the increase of AAE with lower MCE (r(2) = 0.65). RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808 SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 PD SEP 21 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 18 BP 11711 EP 11732 DI 10.5194/acp-16-11711-2016 UT WOS:000390588800001 ER PT J AU Maroli, A Nandula, V Duke, S Tharayil, N AF Maroli, Amith Nandula, Vijay Duke, Stephen Tharayil, Nishanth TI Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics Reveals the Role of Anabolic and Catabolic Processes in Glyphosate-Induced Amino Acid Accumulation in Amaranthus palmeri Biotypes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Biotic and abiotic stressors often result in the buildup of amino acid pools in plants, which serve as potential stress mitigators. However, the role of anabolic (de novo amino acid synthesis) versus catabolic (proteolytic) processes in contributing to free amino acid pools is less understood. Using stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM), we measured the de novo amino acid synthesis in glyphosate susceptible (S-) and resistant (R-) Amaranthus palmeri biotypes. In the S-biotype, glyphosate treatment at 0.4 kg ae/ha resulted in an increase in total amino acids, a proportional increase in both N-14 and N-18 amino acids, and a decrease in soluble proteins. This indicates a potential increase in de novo amino acid synthesis, coupled with a lower protein synthesis and a higher protein catabolism following glyphosate treatment in the S-biotype. Furthermore, the ratio of glutamine/glutamic acid (Gln/Glu) in the glyphosate-treated S- and R-biotypes indicated that the initial assimilation of inorganic nitrogen to organic forms is less affected by glyphosate. However, amino acid biosynthesis downstream of glutamine is disproportionately disrupted in the glyphosate treated S-biotype. It is thus concluded that the herbicide-induced amino acid abundance in the S-biotype is contributed by both protein catabolism and de novo synthesis of amino acids such as glutamine and asparagine. SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 PD SEP 21 PY 2016 VL 64 IS 37 BP 7040 EP 7048 DI 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02196 UT WOS:000384037700015 PM 27469508 ER PT J AU Duan, YH Xu, MG Gao, SD Liu, H Huang, SM Wang, BR AF Duan, Yinghua Xu, Minggang Gao, Suduan Liu, Hua Huang, Shaomin Wang, Boren TI Long-term incorporation of manure with chemical fertilizers reduced total nitrogen loss in rain-fed cropping systems SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Improving soil fertility/productivity and reducing environmental impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization are essential for sustainable agriculture. Quantifying the contribution of various fertilization regimes to soil N storage and loss has been lacking in a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. Based on data collected from field experiments at three typical agricultural zones in China, soil N dynamics and N changes in soil profile (0-100 cm) were examined during 1990-2009 under chemical fertilization, manure incorporation with fertilizer, and fertilizer with straw return treatments. We employed a mass balance approach to estimate the N loss to the environment after taking into account soil N change. Results showed a significant increase in soil N storage under manure incorporation treatments, accompanied with the lowest N loss (ave. 20-24% of total N input) compared to all other treatments (ave. 35-63%). Both soil N distribution and mass balance data suggested higher leaching risk from chemical fertilization in acidic soil of southern China with higher precipitation than the other two sites. This research concludes that manure incorporation with chemical fertilizer not only can achieve high N use efficiency and improve soil fertility, but also leads to the lowest total N loss or damage to the environment. SN 2045-2322 PD SEP 21 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33611 DI 10.1038/srep33611 UT WOS:000383564700001 PM 27650801 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RC Fling, RR Robeson, MS Saxton, AM Donnell, RL Darcy, JL Bemis, DA Liu, J Zhao, L Chen, JG AF Kennedy, Rebekah C. Fling, Russell R. Robeson, Michael S. Saxton, Arnold M. Donnell, Robert L. Darcy, John L. Bemis, David A. Liu, Jiang Zhao, Ling Chen, Jiangang TI Temporal Development of Gut Microbiota in Triclocarban Exposed Pregnant and Neonatal Rats SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Alteration of gut microbial colonization process may influence susceptibility of the newborn/infant to infectious and chronic disease. Infectious disease risk leads to widespread use of non-prescription antimicrobials in household products such as Triclocarban (TCC), an antimicrobial compound in personal care products. TCC concentrates in and is transferred through the milk to suckling offspring. TCC exposure during gestation and lactation significantly reduced phylogenetic diversity (PD) among exposed dams and neonates. Among dams using weighted UniFrac distances, TCC induced significant dysbiosis of gut microbiota by gestational day (GD) 18, a trend that continued after delivery. Similarly, an overall restructuring of gut microbiota occurred in neonates. By postnatal day (PND) 12, communities separated based on exposure status and became significantly different at PND 16. The ability of TCC to drive microbial dysbiosis warrants future investigation to evaluate the safety of nonprescription antimicrobial use, including TCC, during critical exposure windows. OI Robeson, Michael/0000-0001-7119-6301; Donnell, Robert L./0000-0002-6778-954X SN 2045-2322 PD SEP 20 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33430 DI 10.1038/srep33430 UT WOS:000383484000001 PM 27646684 ER PT J AU Liu, F Majeed, H Antoniou, J Li, Y Ma, Y Yokoyama, W Ma, JG Zhong, F AF Liu, Fei Majeed, Hamid Antoniou, John Li, Yue Ma, Yun Yokoyama, Wallace Ma, Jianguo Zhong, Fang TI pH and temperature stability of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex-loaded chitosan nanoparticles SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS AB The oxidative stability of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) incorporated as inclusion complexes (ICs) in sulfobutylether-p-cyclodextrin sodium (SBE-beta-CD) and then ionotropically crosslinked with chitosan hydrochloride (CSH) into nanoparticles were investigated. EGCG-loaded CSH-SBE-beta-CD nanoparticles (CSNs) were physically unstable at higher pH and temperature. The particle size of CSNs was unchanged in the pH range of 3-5, but the microenvironment of EGCG-IC appeared to be intact until the pH increased to 6.5 by fluorescence spectroscopy. The physical structure of EGCG-ICs was also affected during storage in addition to CSNs, which was further affected as temperature increased from 25 to 55 degrees C. The decrease in antioxidant activities of EGCG-ICs and free EGCG with increasing pH, storage time and temperature were modest compared to the prominent decreases in antioxidant activities of EGCG-loaded CSNs. The extreme entrapment of EGCG-ICs and/or free EGCG in the aggregated CSNs restricted the release of EGCG, thus inhibiting the antioxidant activities. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0144-8617 EI 1879-1344 PD SEP 20 PY 2016 VL 149 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.100 UT WOS:000377068100035 PM 27261758 ER PT J AU Eschbaumer, M Stenfeldt, C Smoliga, GR Pacheco, JM Rodriguez, LL Li, RW Zhu, J Arzt, J AF Eschbaumer, Michael Stenfeldt, Carolina Smoliga, George R. Pacheco, Juan M. Rodriguez, Luis L. Li, Robert W. Zhu, James Arzt, Jonathan TI Transcriptomic Analysis of Persistent Infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle Suggests Impairment of Apoptosis and Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Nasopharynx SO PLOS ONE AB In order to investigate the mechanisms of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in cattle, transcriptome alterations associated with the FMDV carrier state were characterized using a bovine whole-transcriptome microarray. Eighteen cattle (8 vaccinated with a recombinantFMDV A vaccine, 10 non-vaccinated) were challenged with FMDV A(24) Cruzeiro, and the gene expression profiles of nasopharyngeal tissues collected between 21 and 35 days after challenge were compared between 11 persistently infected carriers and 7 non-carriers. Carriers and non-carrierswere further compared to 2 naive animals that had been neither vaccinated nor challenged. At a controlled false-discovery rate of 10% and a minimum difference in expression of 50%, 648 genes were differentially expressed between FMDV carriers and non-carriers, and most (467) had higher expression in carriers. Among these, genes associated with cellular proliferation and the immune response-such as chemokines, cytokines and genes regulating T and B cells-were significantly overrepresented. Differential gene expression was significantly correlated between non-vaccinated and vaccinated animals (biological correlation +0.97), indicating a similar transcriptome profile across these groups. Genes related to prostaglandin E-2 production and the induction of regulatory T cells were over-expressed in carriers. In contrast, tissues from non-carrier animals expressed higher levels of complement regulators and pro-apoptotic genes that could promote virus clearance. Based on these findings, we propose a working hypothesis for FMDV persistence in nasopharyngeal tissues of cattle, in which the virus may be maintained by an impairment of apoptosis and the local suppression of cell-mediated antiviral immunity by inducible regulatory T cells. OI Eschbaumer, Michael/0000-0002-1104-0695; Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 19 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR 0162750 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162750 UT WOS:000383891900016 ER PT J AU Lambert, PM Nakata, PA AF Lambert, Peter M. Nakata, Paul A. TI Determining the Biochemical Properties of the Oxalate BiosyntheticComponent (Obc) 1 from Burkholderia mallei SO PLOS ONE AB Oxalic acid is produced by a variety of organisms ranging from simple microbes to complex animals. This acid has been proposed to fulfill various physiological and pathological functions which vary between organisms. In bacteria from the Burkholderia genus, oxalate secretion has been shown to be quorum sensing dependent and to support pathogenicity and cell viability. In light of the critical roles of oxalate in Burkholderia as well as other organisms, it is surprising that our understanding of how this simple dicarboxylate is biosynthesized remains incomplete. Here we report the expression, purification, and partial characterization of the first intact bacterial oxalate biosynthetic enzyme, Obc1, from B. mallei. An N-terminal His-tagged Bmobc1 was cloned into pDUET, expressed in E. coli BLR (DE3), and the recombinant enzyme purified by affinity chromatography. Oxalate biosynthetic enzyme assays coupled with HPLC analysis revealed that BmObc1 catalyzed the biosynthesis of oxalate, acetoacetate, and free CoA from oxaloacetate and a short chain acyl-CoA following Michaelis- Menten kinetics. Optimal enzyme activity was measured at pH 8.0 and a temperature around 44 degrees C. Kinetic analysis conducted under conditions of saturating acetyl-CoA and varying oxaloacetate concentrations resulted in a calculated Km value for oxaloacetate of 94.3 +/- 9.2 mu M (mean +/- SE). Under conditions of saturating oxaloacetate concentration and varying acyl-CoA (acetyl- or propionyl-CoA) concentrations kinetic analysis generated a calculated Km value of 26.8 +/- 2.3 mu M (mean +/- SE) for acetyl-CoA and 104.4 +/- 12.7 mu M for propionyl-CoA. The significantly lower K-m for acetyl-CoA suggests that it is strongly favored as a substrate over propionyl-CoA. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 19 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0163294 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0163294 UT WOS:000383891900042 PM 27643499 ER PT J AU Ferraz, TM Rodrigues, WP Netto, AT Reis, FD Pecanha, AL Figueiredo, FAMMD de Sousa, EF Glenn, DM Campostrini, E AF Ferraz, Tiago Massi Rodrigues, Weverton Pereira Netto, Alena Torres Reis, Fabricio de Oliveira Pecanha, Anderson Lopes Moura de Assis Figueiredo, Fabio Afonso Mazzei de Sousa, Elias Fernandes Glenn, David Michael Campostrini, Eliemar TI Comparison between single-leaf and whole-canopy gas exchange measurements in papaya (Carica papaya L.) plants SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB Papaya canopy architecture enables all the leaves to receive sufficient amounts of sunlight to optimize leaf gas exchange due to the spiral phyllotaxis. Thus, there may be a close relationship between photosynthesis and transpiration measurements at single-leaf and whole-canopy levels. We tested this hypothesis by simultaneously measuring single leaf and whole canopy gas exchange of 'Gran Golden' papaya during two seasons. Whole-canopy gas exchange was measured on five plants during four days in July (winter) from 08:00 to 1700 h and three days in December (summer) from 06:00 to 1700 h in 2006. Single-leaf gas exchange measurements were performed using the fully exposed 12th and 13th leaf from the apex on five plants adjacent to those with whole canopy chambers at the same time of the day. Net photosynthetic rate (A) values on a single-leaf or whole:canopy basis in field-grown papaya were similar and highly correlated under clear sky conditions since the open canopy architecture of papaya plants allowed saturating light intensities for photosynthesis to reach all leaves. Conversely, whole-canopy transpiration (Er), was approximately 50% of single-leaf transpiration (E,) likely due to high air temperature and VPDleaf-air and increased leaf fan speed in the LI-6200 leaf chamber (single leaf) compared to the whole canopy chamber. Therefore, water use efficiency measured on a single-leaf basis seems to have reduced applicability in papaya water relations studies. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Rodrigues, Weverton/H-4296-2016; OI Rodrigues, Weverton/0000-0002-9137-474X; Campostrini, Eliemar/0000-0002-1329-1084 SN 0304-4238 EI 1879-1018 PD SEP 19 PY 2016 VL 209 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2016.06.014 UT WOS:000383294700010 ER PT J AU Nowicka, A Sliwinska, E Grzebelus, D Baranski, R Simon, PW Nothnagel, T Grzebelus, E AF Nowicka, Anna Sliwinska, Elwira Grzebelus, Dariusz Baranski, Rafal Simon, Philipp W. Nothnagel, Thomas Grzebelus, Ewa TI Nuclear DNA content variation within the genus Daucus (Apiaceae) determined by flow cytometry SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB The genus Daucus (Apiaceae) comprises species from around the world, covering a wide climatic range, and showing great morphological plasticity. Both cultivated and wild forms are described within the genus. The aim of the present study was to estimate the genome size variability in the collection of diploid Daucus species differing in chromosome number (2n = 18, 20 or 22) and originating from various regions of the world. In total, the 2C DNA content in 19 accessions of nine wild Daucus species, as well as in 22 wild and 26 cultivated accessions of Daucus carota L. was measured by flow cytometry. The 2C DNA content varied over 3-fold, from 0.920 pg in D. carota subsp. maximus (2n =18, Spain) to 3.019 pg in D. littoralis (2n = 20, Israel). The interspecific genome size differences within wild Daucus species were pronounced, e.g. D. carota (2n = 18, Greece) possessed 0.940 pg/2C DNA, D. broteri (2n = 20, Cyprus) 2.218 pg/2C and D. montevidensis (2n = 22, South America) 1.295 pg/2C. In the group of 22-chromosome Daucus species, high similarity in nuclear DNA content among different accessions of one species was observed, in contrast to the 20-chromosome Daucus species, suggesting possible taxonomical misclassifications of accessions within the latter group. The nuclear DNA content of non-cultivated forms of D. carota varied from 0.920 pg/2C in subspecies maximus (Spain) to 1.154 pg/2C in subspecies halophilus (Portugal), which reflects 20% difference. In turn, in the group of cultivated carrots we observed a high homogeneity among the studied accessions, the 2C DNA content ranged between 0.950 pg ('Kuroda type II', China; 'Imperial Long Scarlet', Japan; 'Koral', Poland) and 0.977 pg ('Cape Market', South Africa). The mean 2C value calculated for both wild and cultivated forms of D. carota amounted 0.973 pg. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Grzebelus, Ewa/0000-0003-2067-585X; Grzebelus, Dariusz/0000-0001-6999-913X SN 0304-4238 EI 1879-1018 PD SEP 19 PY 2016 VL 209 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2016.06.023 UT WOS:000383294700018 ER PT J AU Freppel, W Puech, PH Ferguson, DJP Azas, N Dubey, JP Dumetre, A AF Freppel, Wesley Puech, Pierre-Henri Ferguson, David J. P. Azas, Nadine Dubey, Jitender P. Dumetre, Aurelien TI Macrophages facilitate the excystation and differentiation of Toxoplasma gondii sporozoites into tachyzoites following oocyst internalisation SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite of humans and animals, which is transmitted via oocysts in cat faeces or tissue cysts in contaminated meat. The robust oocyst and sporocyst walls protect the infective sporozoites from deleterious external attacks including disinfectants. Upon oocyst acquisition, these walls lose their integrity to let the sporozoites excyst and invade host cells following a process that remains poorly understood. Given the resistance of the oocyst wall to digestive enzymes and the ability of oocysts to cause parenteral infections, the present study investigated the possible contribution of macrophages in supporting sporozoite excystation following oocyst internalisation. By using single cell micromanipulations, real-time and time-point imaging techniques, we demonstrated that RAW macrophages could interact rapidly with oocysts and engulfed them by remodelling of their actin cytoskeleton. Internalised oocysts were associated to macrophage acidic compartments and showed evidences of wall disruption. Sporozoites were observed in macrophages containing oocyst remnants or in new macrophages, giving rise to dividing tachyzoites. All together, these results highlight an unexpected role of phagocytic cells in processing T. gondii oocysts, in line with non-classical routes of infection, and open new perspectives to identify chemical factors that lead to oocyst wall disruption under physiological conditions. RI Dumetre, Aurelien/N-9682-2016; Puech, Pierre-henri/G-1744-2013; OI Dumetre, Aurelien/0000-0001-5494-6326; Puech, Pierre-henri/0000-0002-8521-0685; Freppel, Wesley/0000-0003-3628-0465 SN 2045-2322 PD SEP 19 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33654 DI 10.1038/srep33654 UT WOS:000383329400001 PM 27641141 ER PT J AU Hackenberg, M Rueda, A Gustafson, P Langridge, P Shi, BJ AF Hackenberg, Michael Rueda, Antonio Gustafson, Perry Langridge, Peter Shi, Bu-Jun TI Generation of different sizes and classes of small RNAs in barley is locus, chromosome and/or cultivar-dependent SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: Various small RNA (sRNA) sizes and varieties have been identified, but their relationship as well as relationship with their origins and allocations have not been well understood or investigated. Results: By comparing sRNAs generated from two barley cultivars, Golden Promise (GP) and Pallas, we identified that the generation of different sizes and types of sRNAs in barley was locus-, chromosome-and/or cultivar-dependent. 20-nt sRNAs mainly comprising miRNAs and chloroplast-derived sRNAs were significantly over-expressed in Pallas vs. GP on chromosomes 3H and 6H. MiRNAs-enriched 21-nt sRNAs were significantly over-expressed in Pallas vs. GP only on chromosome 4H. On chromosome 5H this size of sRNAs was significantly under-expressed in Pallas, so were 22-nt sRNAs mainly comprising miRNAs and repeat-derived sRNAs. 24-nt sRNAs mostly derived from repeats were evenly distributed in all chromosomes and expressed similarly between GP and Pallas. Unlike other sizes of sRNAs, 24-nt sRNAs were little conserved in other plant species. Abundant sRNAs were mostly generated from 3' terminal regions of chromosome 1H and 5' terminal regions of chromosome 5H. Over-expressed miRNAs in GP vs. Pallas primarily function in stress responses and iron-binding. Conclusions: Our study indicates that 23-24-nt sRNAs may be linked to repressive chromatin modifications and function in genome stability while 20-21-nt sRNAs may be important for the cultivar specificity. This study provides a novel insight into the mechanism of sRNA expression and function in barley. RI Hackenberg, Michael/A-2503-2009 OI Hackenberg, Michael/0000-0003-2248-3114 SN 1471-2164 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 735 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3023-5 UT WOS:000383472900004 PM 27633252 ER PT J AU Costa-Junior, LM Miller, RJ Alves, PB Blank, AF Li, AY de Leon, AAP AF Costa-Junior, Livio M. Miller, Robert J. Alves, Pericles B. Blank, Arie F. Li, Andrew Y. de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez TI Acaricidal efficacies of Lippia gracilis essential oil and its phytochemicals against organophosphate-resistant and susceptible strains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY AB Plant-derived natural products can serve as an alternative to synthetic compounds for control of ticks of veterinary and medical importance. Lippia gracilis is an aromatic plant that produces essential oil with high content of carvacrol and thymol monoterpenes. These monoterpenes have high acaricidal activity against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. However, there are no studies that show efficacy differences of essential oils between susceptible and organophosphate resistant strains of R. (B.) microplus. The aim of the present study was to compare acaricidal effects of essential oils extracted from two different genotypes of L gracilis and the main monoterpenes on larvae of both susceptible and organophosphate resistant R. (B.) microplus larvae. The efficacy of the essential oil of two genotypes of L gracilis (106 and 201) and their monoterpenes carvacrol and thymol was measured using the larval immersion test on coumaphos-resistant and susceptible strains of R. (B.) microplus. Lethal concentrations were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6.0. Chemical analysis was performed by GC-MS and FID. Thymol and carvacrol were observed to be major constituents in 106 and 201 L. gracilis genotype essential oils, respectively. Essential oils of both genotypes were more effective against organophosphate-resistant tick strain than susceptible tick strain. Carvacrol was 3.2 times more toxic to organophosphate resistant strain than to susceptible strain. Thymol was equally toxic to resistant and susceptible tick strains. The significantly higher efficacy monoterpene carvacrol against resistant ticks may lead to development of new natural product acaricide formulations for use to control organophosphate resistant R. (B.) microplus populations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Costa-Junior, Livio/0000-0002-1475-049X; Blank, Arie Fitzgerald/0000-0003-2888-2239 SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 228 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.028 UT WOS:000386320900009 PM 27692332 ER PT J AU Gieraltowski, L Higa, J Peralta, V Green, A Schwensohn, C Rosen, H Libby, T Kissler, B Marsden-Haug, N Booth, H Kimura, A Grass, J Bicknese, A Tolar, B Defibaugh-Chavez, S Williams, I Wise, M AF Gieraltowski, Laura Higa, Jeffrey Peralta, Vi Green, Alice Schwensohn, Colin Rosen, Hilary Libby, Tanya Kissler, Bonnie Marsden-Haug, Nicola Booth, Hillary Kimura, Akiko Grass, Julian Bicknese, Amelia Tolar, Beth Defibaugh-Chavez, Stephanie Williams, Ian Wise, Matthew CA Salmonella Heidelberg Invest Team TI National Outbreak of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to a Single Poultry Company SO PLOS ONE AB Importance This large outbreak of foodborne salmonellosis demonstrated the complexity of investigating outbreaks linked to poultry products. The outbreak also highlighted the importance of efforts to strengthen food safety policies related to Salmonella in chicken parts and has implications for future changes within the poultry industry. Objective To investigate a large multistate outbreak of multidrug resistant Salmonella Heidelberg infections. Design Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of patients infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Heidelberg and traceback of possible food exposures. Setting United States. Outbreak period was March 1, 2013 through July 11, 2014 Patients A case was defined as illness in a person infected with a laboratory-confirmed Salmonella Heidelberg with 1 of 7 outbreak pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) XbaI patterns with illness onset from March 1, 2013 through July 11, 2014. A total of 634 case-patients were identified through passive surveillance; 200/528 (38%) were hospitalized, none died. Results Interviews were conducted with 435 case-patients: 371 (85%) reported eating any chicken in the 7 days before becoming ill. Of 273 case-patients interviewed with a focused questionnaire, 201 (74%) reported eating chicken prepared at home. Among case-patients with available brand information, 152 (87%) of 175 patients reported consuming Company A brand chicken. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was completed on 69 clinical isolates collected from case-patients; 67% were drug resistant, including 24 isolates (35%) that were multidrug resistant. The source of Company A brand chicken consumed by case-patients was traced back to 3 California production establishments from which 6 of 7 outbreak strains were isolated. Conclusions Epidemiologic, laboratory, traceback, and environmental investigations conducted by local, state, and federal public health and regulatory officials indicated that consumption of Company A chicken was the cause of this outbreak. The outbreak involved multiple PFGE patterns, a variety of chicken products, and 3 production establishments, suggesting a reservoir for contamination upstream from the production establishments. Sources of bacteria and genes responsible for resistance, such as farms providing birds for slaughter or environmental reservoir on farms that raise chickens, might explain how multiple PFGE patterns were linked to chicken from 3 separate production establishments and many different poultry products. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0162369 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162369 UT WOS:000383706900041 PM 27631492 ER PT J AU Kuprian, E Tuong, TD Pfaller, K Wagner, J Livingston, DP Neuner, G AF Kuprian, Edith Tuong, Tan D. Pfaller, Kristian Wagner, Johanna Livingston, David P., III Neuner, Gilbert TI Persistent Supercooling of Reproductive Shoots Is Enabled by Structural Ice Barriers Being Active Despite an Intact Xylem Connection SO PLOS ONE AB Extracellular ice nucleation usually occurs at mild subzero temperatures in most plants. For persistent supercooling of certain plant parts ice barriers are necessary to prevent the entry of ice from already frozen tissues. The reproductive shoot of Calluna vulgaris is able to supercool down to below -22 degrees C throughout all developmental stages (shoot elongation, flowering, fruiting) despite an established xylem conductivity. After localization of the persistent ice barrier between the reproductive and vegetative shoot at the base of the pedicel by infrared differential thermal analysis, the currently unknown structural features of the ice barrier tissue were anatomically analyzed on cross and longitudinal sections. The ice barrier tissue was recognized as a 250 mu m long constriction zone at the base of the pedicel that lacked pith tissue and intercellular spaces. Most cell walls in this region were thickened and contained hydrophobic substances (lignin, suberin, and cutin). A few cell walls had what appeared to be thicker cellulose inclusions. In the ice barrier tissue, the area of the xylem was as much as 5.7 times smaller than in vegetative shoots and consisted of tracheids only. The mean number of conducting units in the xylem per cross section was reduced to 3.5% of that in vegetative shoots. Diameter of conducting units and tracheid length were 70% and 60% (respectively) of that in vegetative shoots. From vegetative shoots water transport into the ice barrier must pass pit membranes that are likely impermeable to ice. Pit apertures were about 1.9 mu m x 0.7 mu m, which was significantly smaller than in the vegetative shoot. The peculiar anatomical features of the xylem at the base of the pedicel suggest that the diameter of pores in pit membranes could be the critical constriction for ice propagation into the persistently supercooled reproductive shoots of C. vulgaris. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0163160 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0163160 UT WOS:000383706900137 PM 27632365 ER PT J AU Block, E Booker, SJ Flores-Penalba, S George, GN Gundala, S Landgraf, BJ Liu, J Lodge, SN Pushie, MJ Rozovsky, S Vattekkatte, A Yaghi, R Zeng, HW AF Block, Eric Booker, Squire J. Flores-Penalba, Sonia George, Graham N. Gundala, Sivaji Landgraf, Bradley J. Liu, Jun Lodge, Stephene N. Pushie, M. Jake Rozovsky, Sharon Vattekkatte, Abith Yaghi, Rama Zeng, Huawei TI Trifluoroselenomethionine: A New Unnatural Amino Acid SO CHEMBIOCHEM AB Trifluoroselenomethionine (TFSeM), a new unnatural amino acid, was synthesized in seven steps from N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-l-aspartic acid tert-butyl ester. TFSeM shows enhanced methioninase-induced cytotoxicity, relative to selenomethionine (SeM), toward HCT-116 cells derived from human colon cancer. Mechanistic explanations for this enhanced activity are computationally and experimentally examined. Comparison of TFSeM and SeM by selenium EXAFS and DFT calculations showed them to be spectroscopically and structurally very similar. Nonetheless, when two different variants of the protein GB1 were expressed in an Escherichia coli methionine auxotroph cell line in the presence of TFSeM and methionine (Met) in a 9:1 molar ratio, it was found that, surprisingly, 85% of the proteins contained SeM residues, even though no SeM had been added, thus implying loss of the trifluoromethyl group from TFSeM. The transformation of TFSeM into SeM is enzymatically catalyzed by E.coli extracts, but TFSeM is not a substrate of E.coli methionine adenosyltransferase. SN 1439-4227 EI 1439-7633 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 17 IS 18 BP 1738 EP 1751 DI 10.1002/cbic.201600266 UT WOS:000384425400012 PM 27383291 ER PT J AU Kunwar, B Moser, BR Chandrasekaran, SR Rajagopalan, N Sharma, BK AF Kunwar, Bidhya Moser, Bryan R. Chandrasekaran, Sriraam R. Rajagopalan, Nandakishore Sharma, Brajendra K. TI Catalytic and thermal depolymerization of low value post-consumer high density polyethylene plastic SO ENERGY AB The feasibility of catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolytic conversion of low value post-consumer high density polyethylene (HPDE) plastic into crude oil and subsequent distillation was explored. Translation of optimized conditions for catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis from TGA to a bench-scale system was validated using another kind of plastic (HDPE). The properties of the plastic crude (PC) oil and residue were studied for boiling point distribution; molecular weight distribution; elemental composition; and thermal degradation. The plastic crude oils had properties similar to conventional crude oil. The resulting PC oils were distilled into motor gasoline, diesel #1, diesel #2, and vacuum gas oil fractions. An increase in gasoline and diesel-range fractions was observed with Y-zeolite and MgCO3 catalysts, respectively. Diesel and vacuum gas oil fractions were the major products in the absence of catalyst. The distillate fraction was characterized for fuel properties, elemental composition, boiling point, and molecular weight distribution. The fuel properties of the diesel-range distillate (diesel fraction) were comparable to those of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel. Market demand, growth, and value of end products will dictate which process, non-catalytic or catalytic (Y-Zeolite/MgCO3), is best suited for providing the product portfolio for a particular scenario. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0360-5442 EI 1873-6785 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 111 BP 884 EP 892 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.024 UT WOS:000384776900074 ER PT J AU Domingue, MJ Lelito, JP Myrick, AJ Csoka, G Szocs, L Imrei, Z Baker, TC AF Domingue, Michael J. Lelito, Jonathan P. Myrick, Andrew J. Csoka, Gyorgy Szocs, Levente Imrei, Zoltan Baker, Thomas C. TI Differences in spectral selectivity between stages of visually guided mating approaches in a buprestid beetle SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AB Spectral mating preferences were examined in male Agrilus angustulus (Buprestidae: Coleoptera), a member of a taxon known for its high species diversity and striking metallic coloration. The spectral emission profile of a typical A. angustulus female displays low chroma, broadly overlapping that of the green oak leaves they feed and rest upon, while also including longer wavelengths. To pinpoint behaviorally significant spectral regions for A. angustulus males during mate selection, we observed their field approaches to females of five Agrilus planipennis color morphs that have greater chroma than the normal conspecific female targets. Agrilus angustulus males would initially fly equally frequently toward any of the three longest wavelength morphs (green, copper and red) whose spectral emission profiles all overlap that of typical A. angustulus females. However, they usually only completed approaches toward the two longest wavelength morphs, but not the green morphs. Thus, spectral preference influenced mate selection by A. angustulus males, and their discrimination of suitable targets became greater as these targets were approached. This increasing spectral discrimination when approaching targets may have evolved to allow female emissions to remain somewhat cryptic, while also being visible to conspecifics as distinct from the background vegetation and heterospecific competitors. OI Domingue, Michael/0000-0002-3055-3533 SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 219 IS 18 BP 2837 EP 2843 DI 10.1242/jeb.137885 UT WOS:000384250600015 ER PT J AU Demaria, EMC Roundy, JK Wi, S Palmer, RN AF Demaria, Eleonora M. C. Roundy, Joshua K. Wi, Sungwook Palmer, Richard N. TI The Effects of Climate Change on Seasonal Snowpack and the Hydrology of the Northeastern and Upper Midwest United States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE AB The potential effects of climate change on the snowpack of the northeastern and upper Midwest United States are assessed using statistically downscaled climate projections from an ensemble of 10 climate models and a macroscale hydrological model. Climate simulations for the region indicate warmer-than-normal temperatures and wetter conditions for the snow season (November April) during the twenty-first century. However, despite projected increases in seasonal precipitation, statistically significant negative trends in snow water equivalent (SWE) are found for the region. Snow cover is likely to migrate northward in the future as a result of warmer-than-present air temperatures, with higher loss rates in northern latitudes and at high elevation. Decreases in future (2041-95) snow cover in early spring will likely affect the timing of maximum spring peak streamflow, with earlier peaks predicted in more than 80% of the 124 basins studied. SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 29 IS 18 BP 6527 EP 6541 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0632.1 UT WOS:000383828300007 ER PT J AU Uramoto, K Norrbom, AL Zucchi, RA AF Uramoto, Keiko Norrbom, Allen L. Zucchi, Roberto A. TI Redescription, lectotype designation and new records of Anastrepha luederwaldti Lima (Diptera, Tephritidae) SO ZOOTAXA AB The previously poorly known species Anastrepha luederwaldti Lima, 1934 is redescribed based on a reexamination of the syntypes from Sao Paulo and additional specimens from Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A lectotype is designated. RI Zucchi, Roberto/D-7738-2012; Gesseff, Ednilson/A-3019-2017 OI Zucchi, Roberto/0000-0001-9861-7460; SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 4168 IS 2 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4168.2.7 UT WOS:000383191200007 PM 27701340 ER PT J AU Huang, YC Lee, CC Kao, CY Chang, NC Lin, CC Shoemaker, D Wang, J AF Huang, Yu-Ching Lee, Chih-Chi Kao, Chia-Yi Chang, Ni-Chen Lin, Chung-Chi Shoemaker, DeWayne Wang, John TI Evolution of long centromeres in fire ants SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AB Background: Centromeres are essential for accurate chromosome segregation, yet sequence conservation is low even among closely related species. Centromere drive predicts rapid turnover because some centromeric sequences may compete better than others during female meiosis. In addition to sequence composition, longer centromeres may have a transmission advantage. Results: We report the first observations of extremely long centromeres, covering on average 34 % of the chromosomes, in the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta. By comparison, cytological examination of Solenopsis geminata revealed typical small centromeric constrictions. Bioinformatics and molecular analyses identified CenSol, the major centromeric satellite DNA repeat. We found that CenSol sequences are very similar between the two species but the CenSol copy number in S. invicta is much greater than that in S. geminata. In addition, centromere expansion in S. invicta is not correlated with the duplication of CenH3. Comparative analyses revealed that several closely related fire ant species also possess long centromeres. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with a model of simple runaway centromere expansion due to centromere drive. We suggest expanded centromeres may be more prevalent in hymenopteran insects, which use haplodiploid sex determination, than previously considered. SN 1471-2148 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 189 DI 10.1186/s12862-016-0760-7 UT WOS:000383148200002 PM 27628313 ER PT J AU Eschbaumer, M Stenfeldt, C Rekant, SI Pacheco, JM Hartwig, EJ Smoliga, GR Kenney, MA Golde, WT Rodriguez, LL Arzt, J AF Eschbaumer, Michael Stenfeldt, Carolina Rekant, Steven I. Pacheco, Juan M. Hartwig, Ethan J. Smoliga, George R. Kenney, Mary A. Golde, William T. Rodriguez, Luis L. Arzt, Jonathan TI Systemic immune response and virus persistence after foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of naive cattle and cattle vaccinated with a homologous adenovirus-vectored vaccine SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH AB Background: In order to investigate host factors associated with the establishment of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection, the systemic response to vaccination and challenge was studied in 47 steers. Eighteen steers that had received a recombinant FMDV A vaccine 2 weeks earlier and 29 non-vaccinated steers were challenged by intra-nasopharyngeal deposition of FMDV A24. For up to 35 days after challenge, host factors including complete blood counts with T lymphocyte subsets, type I/III interferon (IFN) activity, neutralizing and total FMDV-specific antibody titers in serum, as well as antibody-secreting cells (in 6 non-vaccinated animals) were characterized in the context of viral infection dynamics. Results: Vaccination generally induced a strong antibody response. There was a transient peak of FMDV-specific serum IgM in non-vaccinated animals after challenge, while IgM levels in vaccinated animals did not increase further. Both groups had a lasting increase of specific IgG and neutralizing antibody after challenge. Substantial systemic IFN activity in non-vaccinated animals coincided with viremia, and no IFN or viremia was detected in vaccinated animals. After challenge, circulating lymphocytes decreased in non-vaccinated animals, coincident with viremia, IFN activity, and clinical disease, whereas lymphocyte and monocyte counts in vaccinated animals were unaffected by vaccination but transiently increased after challenge. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell ratio in non-vaccinated animals increased during acute infection, driven by an absolute decrease of CD8(+) cells. Conclusions: The incidence of FMDV persistence was 61.5 % in non-vaccinated and 54.5 % in vaccinated animals. Overall, the systemic factors examined were not associated with the FMDV carrier/non-carrier divergence; however, significant differences were identified between responses of non-vaccinated and vaccinated cattle. OI Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 SN 1746-6148 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 12 AR 205 DI 10.1186/s12917-016-0838-x UT WOS:000383204400001 PM 27634113 ER PT J AU Gao, YR Liu, C Li, XD Xu, HQ Liang, Y Ma, N Fei, ZJ Gao, JP Jiang, CZ Ma, C AF Gao, Yuerong Liu, Chun Li, Xiaodong Xu, Haiqian Liang, Yue Ma, Nan Fei, Zhangjun Gao, Junping Jiang, Cai-Zhong Ma, Chao TI Transcriptome Profiling of Petal Abscission Zone and Functional Analysis of an Aux/IAA Family Gene RhIAA16 Involved in Petal Shedding in Rose SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB Roses are one of the most important cut flowers among ornamental plants. Rose flower longevity is largely dependent on the timing of petal shedding occurrence. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying petal abscission in rose, we performed transcriptome profiling of the petal abscission zone during petal shedding using Illumina technology. We identified a total of 2592 differentially transcribed genes (DTGs) during rose petal shedding. Gene ontology term enrichment and pathway analysis revealed that major biochemical pathways the DTGs were involved in included ethylene biosynthesis, starch degradation, superpathway of cytosolic glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase and TCA cycle, photorespiration and the lactose degradation III pathway. This suggests that alterations in carbon metabolism are an important part of rose petal abscission. Among these DTGs, approximately 150 genes putatively encoding transcription factors were identified in rose abscission zone. These included zinc finger, WRKY, ERF, and Aux/IAA gene families, suggesting that petal abscission involves complex transcriptional reprogramming. Approximately 108 DTGs were related to hormone pathways, of which auxin and ethylene related DTGs were the largest groups including 52 and 41 genes, respectively. These also included 12 DTGs related to gibberellin and 6 DTGs in jasmonic acid pathway. Surprisingly, no DTGs involved in the biosynthesis/signaling of abscisic acid, cytokinin, brassinosteroid, and salicylic acid pathways were detected. Moreover, among DTGs related to auxin, we identified an Aux/IAA gene RhIAA16 that was up-regulated in response to petal shedding. Down-regulation of RhIAA16 by virus-induced gene silencing in rose promoted petal abscission, suggesting that RhIAA16 plays an important role in rose petal abscission. SN 1664-462X PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1375 DI 10.3389/fpls.2016.01375 UT WOS:000383120900001 PM 27695465 ER PT J AU Dia, VP Krishnan, HB AF Dia, Vermont P. Krishnan, Hari B. TI BG-4, a novel anticancer peptide from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), promotes apoptosis in human colon cancer cells SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Momordica charantia is a perennial plant with reported health benefits. BG-4, a novel peptide from Momordica charantia, was isolated, purified and characterized. The trypsin inhibitory activity of BG-4 is 8.6 times higher than purified soybean trypsin inhibitor. The high trypsin inhibitory activity of BG-4 may be responsible for its capability to cause cytotoxicity to HCT-116 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells with ED50 values of 134.4 and 217.0 mu g/mL after 48 h of treatment, respectively. The mechanism involved in the cytotoxic effect may be associated with induction of apoptosis as evidenced by increased percentage of HCT-116 and HT-29 colon cancer cells undergoing apoptosis from 5.4% (untreated) to 24.8% (BG-4 treated, 125 mu g/mL for 16 h) and 8.5% (untreated) to 31.9% (BG-4 treated, 125 mu g/mL for 16 h), respectively. The molecular mechanistic explanation in the apoptosis inducing property of BG-4 is due to reduced expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax leading to increased expression of caspase-3 and affecting the expression of cell cycle proteins p21 and CDK2. This is the first report on the anti-cancer potential of a novel bioactive peptide isolated from Momordica charantia in vitro supporting the potential therapeutic property of BG-4 against colon cancer that must be addressed using in vivo models of colon carcinogenesis. SN 2045-2322 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33532 DI 10.1038/srep33532 UT WOS:000383171100001 PM 27628414 ER PT J AU Ghanim, M Fattah-Hosseini, S Levy, A Cilia, M AF Ghanim, Murad Fattah-Hosseini, Somayeh Levy, Amit Cilia, Michelle TI Morphological abnormalities and cell death in the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) midgut associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is a phloem-limited, gram-negative, fastidious bacterium that is associated with the development of citrus greening disease, also known as Huanglongbing (HLB). CLas is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri, in a circulative manner. Two major barriers to transmission within the insect are the midgut and the salivary glands. We performed a thorough microscopic analysis within the insect midgut following exposure to CLasinfected citrus trees. We observed changes in nuclear architecture, including pyknosis and karyorrhexis as well as changes to the actin cytoskeleton in CLas-exposed midgut cells. Further analyses showed that the changes are likely due to the activation of programmed cell death as assessed by Annexin V staining and DNA fragmentation assays. These results suggest that exposure to CLas-infected trees induces apoptotic responses in the psyllid midgut that should be further investigated. Understanding the adaptive significance of the apoptotic response has the potential to create new approaches for controlling HLB. SN 2045-2322 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33418 DI 10.1038/srep33418 UT WOS:000383172800003 PM 27630042 ER PT J AU Traynor, KS Pettis, JS Tarpy, DR Mullin, CA Frazier, JL Frazier, M vanEngelsdorp, D AF Traynor, Kirsten S. Pettis, Jeffery S. Tarpy, David R. Mullin, Christopher A. Frazier, James L. Frazier, Maryann vanEngelsdorp, Dennis TI In-hive Pesticide Exposome: Assessing risks to migratory honey bees from in-hive pesticide contamination in the Eastern United States SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB This study measured part of the in-hive pesticide exposome by analyzing residues from live in-hive bees, stored pollen, and wax in migratory colonies over time and compared exposure to colony health. We summarized the pesticide burden using three different additive methods: (1) the hazard quotient (HQ), an estimate of pesticide exposure risk, (2) the total number of pesticide residues, and (3) the number of relevant residues. Despite being simplistic, these models attempt to summarize potential risk from multiple contaminations in real-world contexts. Colonies performing pollination services were subject to increased pesticide exposure compared to honey-production and holding yards. We found clear links between an increase in the total number of products in wax and colony mortality. In particular, we found that fungicides with particular modes of action increased disproportionally in wax within colonies that died. The occurrence of queen events, a significant risk factor for colony health and productivity, was positively associated with all three proxies of pesticide exposure. While our exposome summation models do not fully capture the complexities of pesticide exposure, they nonetheless help elucidate their risks to colony health. Implementing and improving such models can help identify potential pesticide risks, permitting preventative actions to improve pollinator health. SN 2045-2322 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33207 DI 10.1038/srep33207 UT WOS:000383194000001 PM 27628343 ER PT J AU Asian, A Rahman, AF Warren, MW Robeson, SM AF Asian, Asian Rahman, Abdullah F. Warren, Matthew W. Robeson, Scott M. TI Mapping spatial distribution and biomass of coastal wetland vegetation in Indonesian Papua by combining active and passive remotely sensed data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT AB There is ongoing interest to develop remote sensing methods for mapping and monitoring the spatial distribution and biomass of mangroves. In this study, we develop a suite of methods to evaluate the combination of Landsat-8, ALOS PALSAR, and SRTM data for mapping spatial distribution of mangrove composition, canopy height, and aboveground biomass in the wide intertidal zones and coastal plains of Mimika district, Papua, Indonesia. Image segmentation followed by visual interpretation of composite PALSAR images was used to delineate mangrove areas, whereas a flexible statistical rule based classification of spectral signatures from Landsat-8 images was used to classify mangrove associations. The overall accuracy of land cover classification was 94.38% with a kappa coefficient of 0.94 when validated with field inventory data and Google Earth images. Mangrove height and aboveground biomass were mapped using the SRTM DEM, which were calibrated with field-measured data via quantile regression models. There was a strong correlation between the SRTM DEM and the 0.98 quantile of field canopy heights (H-.98), which was used to represent the tallest trees in each of 196 10 m radius subplots (r = 0.84 and R-2 = 0.804). Model performance was evaluated through 10,000 bootstrapped simulations, producing a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.0 m for canopy height estimation over 30 m pixels of SRTM data. Quantile regression revealed a relatively strong non-linear relationship between the SRTM derived canopy height model and aboveground biomass measured in 0.5 ha mangrove inventory plots (n = 33, R-2 = 0.46). The model results produced estimates of mean standing biomass of 237.52 +/- 982 Mg/ha in short canopy (Avicennia/Sonneratia) stands to 353.52 +/- 98.43 Mg/ha in mature tall canopy (Rhizophora) dominated forest. The model estimates of mangrove biomass were within 90% confidence intervals of area-weighted biomass derived from field measurements. When validated at the landscape scale, the difference between modeled and measured aboveground mangrove biomass was 3.48% with MAE of 105.75 Mg/ha. These results indicate that the approaches developed here are reliable for mapping and monitoring mangrove composition, height, and biomass over large areas of Indonesia. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 183 BP 65 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.026 UT WOS:000382345400006 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, JK Snyder, BJ Oladeinde, A Spidle, D Berrang, ME Meinersmann, RJ Oakley, B Sidle, RC Sullivan, K Molina, M AF Bradshaw, J. Kenneth Snyder, Blake J. Oladeinde, Adelumola Spidle, David Berrang, Mark E. Meinersmann, Richard J. Oakley, Brian Sidle, Roy C. Sullivan, Kathleen Molina, Marirosa TI Characterizing relationships among fecal indicator bacteria, microbial source tracking markers, and associated waterborne pathogen occurrence in stream water and sediments in a mixed land use watershed SO WATER RESEARCH AB Bed sediments of streams and rivers may store high concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and pathogens. Due to resuspension events, these contaminants can be mobilized into the water column and affect overall water quality. Other bacterial indicators such as microbial source tracking (MST) markers, developed to determine potential sources of fecal contamination, can also be resuspended from bed sediments. The primary objective of this study was to predict occurrence of waterborne pathogens in water and streambed sediments using a simple statistical model that includes traditionally measured FIB, environmental parameters and source allocation, using MST markers as predictor variables. Synoptic sampling events were conducted during baseflow conditions downstream from agricultural (AG), forested (FORS), and wastewater pollution control plant (WPCP) land uses. Concentrations of FIB and MST markers were measured in water and sediments, along with occurrences of the enteric pathogens Campylobacter, Listeria and Salmonella, and the virulence gene that carries Shiga toxin, stx(2). Pathogens were detected in water more often than in underlying sediments. Shiga toxin was significantly related to land use, with concentrations of the ruminant marker selected as an independent variable that could correctly classify 76% and 64% of observed Shiga toxin occurrences in water and sediment, respectively. FIB concentrations and water quality parameters were also selected as independent variables that correctly classified Shiga toxin occurrences in water and sediment (54%-87%), and Salmonella occurrences in water (96%). Relationships between pathogens and indicator variables were generally inconsistent and no single indicator adequately described occurrence of all pathogens. Because of inconsistent relationships between individual pathogens and FIB/MST markers, incorporating a combination of FIB, water quality measurements, and MST markers may be the best way to assess microbial water quality in mixed land use systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0043-1354 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 101 BP 498 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.014 UT WOS:000381169400051 PM 27295624 ER PT J AU Guan, C Zhang, HJ Hunt, JF Yan, HC AF Guan, Cheng Zhang, Houjiang Hunt, John F. Yan, Haicheng TI Determining shear modulus of thin wood composite materials using a cantilever beam vibration method SO CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS AB Shear modulus (G) of thin wood composite materials is one of several important indicators that characterizes mechanical properties. However, there is not an easy method to obtain this value. This study presents the use of a newly developed cantilever beam free vibration test apparatus to detect in-plane G of thin wood composite materials by measuring the first order free vibration cantilever specimens and its logarithmic decrement of vibration. Six sets of commercially purchased thin wood composite materials having three different fiber types were tested. A significant linear correlation was found between in plane G and bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) from cantilever-beam free vibration test and MOE was shown to be approximately two times of in-plane G. This was in full agreement with previous findings by other researchers. The study demonstrated that the cantilever beam free vibration method could be widely used to obtain in-plane G easily for thin wood composite materials. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0950-0618 EI 1879-0526 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.007 UT WOS:000380597900030 ER PT J AU Elliott, KJ Vose, JM AF Elliott, Katherine J. Vose, James M. TI Effects of riparian zone buffer widths on vegetation diversity in southern Appalachian headwater catchments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB In mountainous areas such as the southern Appalachians USA, riparian zones are difficult to define. Vegetation is a commonly used riparian indicator and plays a key role in protecting water resources, but adequate knowledge of floristic responses to riparian disturbances is lacking. Our objective was to quantify changes in stand-level floristic diversity of riparian plant communities before (2004) and two, three, and seven years after shelterwood harvest using highlead cable-yarding and with differing no cut buffer widths of 0 m, 10 m, and 30 m distance from the stream edge. An unharvested reference stand was also studied for comparison. We examined: (1) differences among treatment sites using a mixed linear model with repeated measures; (2) multivariate relationships between ground-layer species composition and environmental variables (soil water content, light transmittance, tree basal area, shrub density, and distance from stream) using nonmetric multidimensional scaling; and (3) changes in species composition over time using a multi-response permutation procedure. We hypothesized that vegetation responses (i.e., changes in density, species composition, and diversity across the hillslope) will be greatest on harvest sites with an intermediate buffer width (10-m buffer) compared to more extreme (0-m buffer) and less extreme (30-m buffer and no-harvest reference) disturbance intensities. Harvesting initially reduced overstory density and basal area by 83% and 65%, respectively, in the 0-m buffer site; reduced by 50% and 74% in the 10-m buffer site; and reduced by 45% and 29% in the 30-m buffer site. Both the 0-m and 10-m buffer sites showed increased incident light variability across the hillslope after harvesting; whereas, there was no change in the 30-m and reference sites over time. We found significant changes in midstory and ground-layer vegetation in response to harvesting with the greatest responses on the 10-m buffer site, supporting our hypotheses that responses will be greatest on sites with intermediate disturbance. Ground-layer species composition differed significantly over time in the 0-m buffer and 10-m buffer sites (both P < 0.0001), but did not change in the 30-m buffer and reference sites (both P > 0.100). Average compositional dissimilarity increased after seven years, indicating greater within stand heterogeneity (species diversity) after harvesting. These vegetation recovery patterns provide useful information for evaluating management options in riparian zones in the southern Appalachians. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 376 BP 9 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.05.046 UT WOS:000381233500002 ER PT J AU Reidy, JL Thompson, FR Schwope, C Rowin, S Mueller, JM AF Reidy, Jennifer L. Thompson, Frank R., III Schwope, Carl Rowin, Scott Mueller, James M. TI Effects of prescribed fire on fuels, vegetation, and Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) demographics in Texas juniper-oak woodlands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB The Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) is an endangered songbird that breeds in mature juniper-oak woodlands restricted to Central Texas. This habitat is increasingly susceptible to crown fire due to climate change, land use change, and fire suppression. Prescribed fire is a potential tool to reduce the risk of crown fire and may be a management tool to enhance juniper-oak woodlands for breeding warblers. However, no experimental study has been undertaken to investigate how well prescribed fire can meet these goals. We conducted a before-after control-impact study on three plot-pairs within Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, from 2012 to 2014 to evaluate the response of fuel loads, vegetation structure, and warblers to prescribed fire. We measured fuel loads and vegetation structure in summer 2012 (pre-treatment) and 2014 (post-treatment). We burned one randomly-chosen plot within each plot-pair during February 2013 and measured fire severity in May 2013. We monitored populations of warblers to determine plot abundance and breeding success each season. Impact of the prescribed fires was highly variable across treatment plots with similar to 9% of points showing no effects of fire on junipers and similar to 9% showing high mortality in the juniper canopy. All 12 fuel and vegetation measures responded to fire in the direction expected; however, only juniper seedling density, juniper sapling density, hardwood sapling density, canopy cover, litter cover, and litter depth were significant (i.e., year x treatment effect P < 0.05). Warbler density decreased 23% and 40% in the two post-treatment years in response to fire but other demographics did not have significant year x treatment effects. Across all plots and years, 67-93% of males were aged after-second year ("ASY"), pairing success was high (94-100%), average breeding success was 50-63%, and mean daily nest survival was 0.957 (SE = 0.010). Return rates averaged 45% and 35% for control and treatment plots. Discrete choice analysis based on locations of males in treated plots revealed the highest probability of use was in closed-canopy woodlands that experienced low to moderate fire severity effects from the fire (canopy intact but some intermediate level of subcanopy mortality) and the lowest probability of use was where fire severity was high. A single application of prescribed fire achieved many but not all fuel and vegetation objectives. The resulting reductions in warbler densities appeared due to avoidance of areas with high burn severity, whereas areas of low to moderate burn severity had high warbler use. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 376 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.005 UT WOS:000381233500010 ER PT J AU Panzacchi, P Gioacchini, P Sauer, TJ Tonon, G AF Panzacchi, Pietro Gioacchini, Paola Sauer, Thomas J. Tonon, Giustino TI New dual in-growth core isotopic technique to assess the root litter carbon input to the soil SO GEODERMA AB The root-derived carbon (C) input to the soil, whose quantification is often neglected because of methodological difficulties, is considered a crucial C flux for soil C dynamics and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) studies. In the present study two independent methods to quantify this C input to the soil were compared in a young forest plantation in Italy. Specifically, a mass balance approach to the soil C balance and a new dual in-growth core (IGC) isotopic technique that accounts for both root- and non-root-derived C inputs were compared. No statistically significant difference between the results obtained by the two methods was found (3.09 +/- 0.50 vs 5.30 +/- 2.92 Mg C ha(-1)). Both estimates matched with the results obtained by other authors for similar ecosystems. The application of this new dual IGC isotopic technique has shown that the traditional IGC isotopic technique can lead to a significant overestimation (60% in the present study) of root C input to the soil as it doesn't take into account changes in the soil C isotopic signature due to factors other than root derived inputs. These include isotopic discrimination that could take place during the decomposition of original soil organic matter (SOM), the contamination due to dissolved organic C (DOC) leaching, or the C input via leaf litter. The proposed dual IGC isotope technique, taking into account the abovementioned non-root derived inputs seems to be a promising and reliable method to estimate root-derived C input to the soil in terrestrial ecosystems (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 278 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.05.010 UT WOS:000378669900004 ER PT J AU Shen, QY Zhang, YZ Yang, RJ Pan, SY Dong, J Fan, YT Han, L AF Shen, Qiuyun Zhang, Yuzhu Yang, Ruijin Pan, Siyi Dong, Juan Fan, Yuting Han, Liang TI Enhancement of isomerization activity and lactulose production of cellobiose 2-epimerase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus SO FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Industrial application of Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus cellobiose 2-epimerase (CsCE) for lactulose synthesis is limited by low enzyme activity and formation of epilactose as by-product. After four sequential rounds of random mutagenesis and screening, an optimal mutant G4-C5 was obtained. Compared with wild type (WT) enzyme, mutant G4-C5 demonstrated 2.8-and 3.0-fold increases in specific activity and k(cat)/K-m for lactulose production, respectively, without compromising thermostability. DNA sequencing of mutant G4-C5 revealed five amino acid substitutions, namely, R5M, I52V, A12S, K328I and F231L, which were located on the protein surface, except for the mutation I52V. The yield of lactulose catalyzed by mutant G4-C5 increased to approximately 76% with no obvious epilactose detected, indicating that mutant G4-C5 was more suitable for lactulose production than the WT enzyme. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 207 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.067 UT WOS:000373833800009 PM 27080880 ER PT J AU Ayala, AJ Dimitrov, KM Becker, CR Goraichuk, IV Arns, CW Bolotin, VI Ferreira, HL Gerilovych, AP Goujgoulova, GV Martini, MC Muzyka, DV Orsi, MA Scagion, GP Silva, RK Solodiankin, OS Stegniy, BT Miller, PJ Afonso, CL AF Ayala, Andrea J. Dimitrov, Kiril M. Becker, Cassidy R. Goraichuk, Iryna V. Arns, Clarice W. Bolotin, Vitaly I. Ferreira, Helena L. Gerilovych, Anton P. Goujgoulova, Gabriela V. Martini, Matheus C. Muzyka, Denys V. Orsi, Maria A. Scagion, Guilherme P. Silva, Renata K. Solodiankin, Olexii S. Stegniy, Boris T. Miller, Patti J. Afonso, Claudio L. TI Presence of Vaccine-Derived Newcastle Disease Viruses in Wild Birds SO PLOS ONE AB Our study demonstrates the repeated isolation of vaccine-derived Newcastle disease viruses from different species of wild birds across four continents from 1997 through 2014. The data indicate that at least 17 species from ten avian orders occupying different habitats excrete vaccine-derived Newcastle disease viruses. The most frequently reported isolates were detected among individuals in the order Columbiformes (n = 23), followed in frequency by the order Anseriformes (n = 13). Samples were isolated from both free-ranging (n = 47) and wild birds kept in captivity (n = 7). The number of recovered vaccine-derived viruses corresponded with the most widely utilized vaccines, LaSota (n = 28) and Hitchner B1 (n = 19). Other detected vaccine-derived viruses resembled the PHY-LMV2 and V4 vaccines, with five and two cases, respectively. These results and the ubiquitous and synanthropic nature of wild pigeons highlight their potential role as indicator species for the presence of Newcastle disease virus of low virulence in the environment. The reverse spillover of live agents from domestic animals to wildlife as a result of the expansion of livestock industries employing massive amounts of live virus vaccines represent an underappreciated and poorly studied effect of human activity on wildlife. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 14 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0162484 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162484 UT WOS:000383680600037 PM 27626272 ER PT J AU Noh, JY Park, JK Lee, DH Yuk, SS Kwon, JH Lee, SW Lee, JB Park, SY Choi, IS Song, CS AF Noh, Jin-Yong Park, Jae-Keun Lee, Dong-Hun Yuk, Seong-Su Kwon, Jung-Hoon Lee, Sang-Won Lee, Joong-Bok Park, Seung-Yong Choi, In-Soo Song, Chang-Seon TI Chimeric Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine for H5N1 HPAI and ND Confers Protection against a Lethal Challenge in Chickens and Allows a Strategy of Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals ( DIVA) SO PLOS ONE AB Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and Newcastle disease (ND) are considered as the most devastating poultry infections, owing to their worldwide distribution and economical threat. Vaccines have been widely used to control these diseases in the poultry industry in endemic countries. However, vaccination policy without differentiating infected animals from vaccinated animals (DIVA) makes the virus surveillance difficult. In this study, we developed a bivalent virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine that is composed of the hemagglutinin (HA) and matrix 1 (M1) proteins of the H5N1 HPAI virus (HPAIV) and a chimeric protein containing the ectodomain of the ND virus (NDV) fusion (F) protein fused with the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of the HPAIV HA protein. A single immunization of chickens with the chimeric VLP vaccine induced high levels of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers against H5N1 HPAI virus and anti-NDV antibody detected in ELISA and protected chickens against subsequent lethal HPAIV and NDV infections. Furthermore, we could easily perform DIVA test using the commercial NP-cELISA tests against HPAIV and HI assay against NDV. These results strongly suggest that utilization of chimeric VLP vaccine in poultry species would be a promising strategy for the better control of HPAI and ND simultaneously. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 14 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0162946 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162946 UT WOS:000383680600067 PM 27626934 ER PT J AU Stringer, T De Kock, C Guzgay, H Okombo, J Liu, J Kanetake, S Kim, J Tam, C Cheng, LW Smith, PJ Hendricks, DT Land, KM Egan, TJ Smith, GS AF Stringer, Tameryn De Kock, Carmen Guzgay, Hajira Okombo, John Liu, Jenny Kanetake, Sierra Kim, Jihwan Tam, Christina Cheng, Luisa W. Smith, Peter J. Hendricks, Denver T. Land, Kirkwood M. Egan, Timothy J. Smith, Gregory S. TI Mono- and multimeric ferrocene congeners of quinoline-based polyamines as potential antiparasitics SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS AB A series of mono- and multimeric polyamine-containing ferrocenyl complexes containing a quinoline motif were prepared. The complexes were characterised by standard techniques. The molecular structure of the monomeric salicylaldimine derivative was elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction and was consistent with the proposed structure. The antiplasmodial activity of the compounds were evaluated in vitro against both the NF54 (chloroquine-sensitive) and K1 (chloroquine-resistant) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The polyamine derivatives exhibit good resistance index values suggesting that these systems are beneficial in overcoming the resistance experienced by chloroquine. Mechanistic studies suggest that haemozoin formation may be the target of these quinoline complexes in the parasite. Some of the complexes exhibit moderate to high cytotoxicity against WHCO1 oesophageal cancer cells in vitro. The monomeric ferrocenyl-amine complexes exhibit potent activity against this particular cell line. The complexes were also screened against the G3 strain of Trichomonas vaginalis and the salicylaldimine complexes demonstrated promising activity at the tested concentration. All of these compounds show no inhibitory effect on several common normal flora bacteria, indicative of their selectivity for eukaryotic pathogens and cancer. SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 PD SEP 14 PY 2016 VL 45 IS 34 BP 13415 EP 13426 DI 10.1039/c6dt02685k UT WOS:000382144300020 PM 27485032 ER PT J AU Smith, CE Coltell, O Sorli, JV Estruch, R Martinez-Gonzalez, MA Salas-Salvado, J Fito, M Aros, F Dashti, HS Lai, CQ Miro, L Serra-Majem, L Gomez-Gracia, E Fiol, M Ros, E Aslibekyan, S Hidalgo, B Neuhouser, ML Di, CZ Tucker, KL Arnett, DK Ordovas, JM Corella, D AF Smith, Caren E. Coltell, Oscar Sorli, Jose V. Estruch, Ramon Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel Salas-Salvado, Jordi Fito, Montserrat Aros, Fernando Dashti, Hassan S. Lai, Chao Q. Miro, Leticia Serra-Majem, Lluis Gomez-Gracia, Enrique Fiol, Miquel Ros, Emilio Aslibekyan, Stella Hidalgo, Bertha Neuhouser, Marian L. Di, Chongzhi Tucker, Katherine L. Arnett, Donna K. Ordovas, Jose M. Corella, Dolores TI Associations of the MCM6-rs3754686 proxy for milk intake in Mediterranean and American populations with cardiovascular biomarkers, disease and mortality: Mendelian randomization SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Controversy persists on the association between dairy products, especially milk, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Genetic proxies may improve dairy intake estimations, and clarify diet-disease relationships through Mendelian randomization. We meta-analytically (n <= 20,089) evaluated associations between a lactase persistence (LP) SNP, the minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 (MCM6)-rs3754686C>T (nonpersistence>persistence), dairy intake, and CVD biomarkers in American (Hispanics, African-American and Whites) and Mediterranean populations. Moreover, we analyzed longitudinal associations with milk, CVD and mortality in PREDIMED), a randomized Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) intervention trial (n = 7185). The MCM6-rs3754686/MCM6-rs309180 (as proxy), LP-allele (T) was strongly associated with higher milk intake, but inconsistently associated with glucose and lipids, and not associated with CVD or total mortality in the whole population. Heterogeneity analyses suggested some sex-specific associations. The T-allele was associated with higher CVD and mortality risk in women but not in men (P-sex interaction: 0.005 and 0.032, respectively), mainly in the MedDiet group. However, milk intake was not associated with CVD biomarkers, CVD or mortality either generally or in sub-groups. Although MCM6-rs3754686 is a good milk intake proxy in these populations, attributing its associations with CVD and mortality in Mediterranean women to milk is unwarranted, as other factors limiting the assumption of causality in Mendelian randomization may exist. RI Fito, Montserrat/C-1822-2012; Salas-Salvado, Jordi/C-7229-2017 OI Fito, Montserrat/0000-0002-1817-483X; Salas-Salvado, Jordi/0000-0003-2700-7459 SN 2045-2322 PD SEP 14 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33188 DI 10.1038/srep33188 UT WOS:000383196900001 PM 27624874 ER PT J AU Zhang, DD Coronel-Aguilera, CP Romero, PL Perry, L Minocha, U Rosenfield, C Gehring, AG Paoli, GC Bhunia, AK Applegate, B AF Zhang, Dandan Coronel-Aguilera, Claudia P. Romero, Patricia L. Perry, Lynda Minocha, Udit Rosenfield, Carla Gehring, Andrew G. Paoli, George C. Bhunia, Arun K. Applegate, Bruce TI The Use of a Novel NanoLuc - Based Reporter Phage for the Detection of Escherichia coli O157: H7 SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Rapid detection of the foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli O157: H7 is of vital importance for public health worldwide. Among detection methods, reporter phages represent unique and sensitive tools for the detection of E. coli O157: H7 from food as they are host-specific and able to differentiate live cells from dead ones. Upon infection, target bacteria become identifiable since reporter genes are expressed from the engineered phage genome. The E. coli O157: H7 bacteriophage Phi V10 was modified to express NanoLuc luciferase (Nluc) derived from the deep-sea shrimp Oplophorus gracilirostris. Once infected by the Phi V10 reporter phage, E. coli O157: H7 produces a strong bioluminescent signal upon addition of commercial luciferin (Nano-Glo (R)). Enrichment assays using E. coli O157: H7 grown in LB broth with a reporter phage concentration of 1.76 x 10(2) pfu ml(-1) are capable of detecting approximately 5 CFU in 7 hours. Comparable detection was achieved within 9 hours using 9.23 x 10(3) pfu ml(-1) of phage in selective culture enrichments of ground beef as a representative food matrix. Therefore we conclude that this NanoLuc reporter phage assay shows promise for detection of E. coli O157: H7 from food in a simple, fast and sensitive manner. SN 2045-2322 PD SEP 14 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33235 DI 10.1038/srep33235 UT WOS:000383480200001 PM 27624517 ER PT J AU Lu, MM Krutovsky, KV Nelson, CD Koralewski, TE Byram, TD Loopstra, CA AF Lu, Mengmeng Krutovsky, Konstantin V. Nelson, C. Dana Koralewski, Tomasz E. Byram, Thomas D. Loopstra, Carol A. TI Exome genotyping, linkage disequilibrium and population structure in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is one of the most widely planted and commercially important forest tree species in the USA and worldwide, and is an object of intense genomic research. However, whole genome resequencing in loblolly pine is hampered by its large size and complexity and a lack of a good reference. As a valid and more feasible alternative, entire exome sequencing was hence employed to identify the gene-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to genotype the sampled trees. Results: The exons were captured in the ADEPT2 association mapping population of 375 clonally-propagated loblolly pine trees using NimbleGen oligonucleotide hybridization probes, and then exome-enriched genomic DNA fragments were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Oligonucleotide probes were designed based on 199,723 exons (approximate to 49 Mbp) partitioned from the loblolly pine reference genome (PineRefSeq v. 1.01). The probes covered 90.2 % of the target regions. Capture efficiency was high; on average, 67 % of the sequence reads generated for each tree could be mapped to the capture target regions, and more than 70 % of the captured target bases had at least 10X sequencing depth per tree. A total of 972,720 high quality SNPs were identified after filtering. Among them, 53 % were located in coding regions (CDS), 5 % in 5' or 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) and 42 % in non-target and non-coding regions, such as introns and adjacent intergenic regions collaterally captured. We found that linkage disequilibrium (LD) decayed very rapidly, with the correlation coefficient (r(2)) between pairs of SNPs linked within single scaffolds decaying to half maximum (r(2) = 0.22) within 55 bp, to r(2) = 0.1 within 192 bp, and to r(2) = 0.05 within 451 bp. Population structure analysis using unlinked SNPs demonstrated the presence of two main distinct clusters representing western and eastern parts of the loblolly pine range included in our sample of trees. Conclusions: The obtained results demonstrated the efficiency of exome capture for genotyping species such as loblolly pine with a large and complex genome. The highly diverse genetic variation reported in this study will be a valuable resource for future genetic and genomic research in loblolly pine. SN 1471-2164 PD SEP 13 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 730 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3081-8 UT WOS:000383471400002 PM 27624183 ER PT J AU Castedo-Dorado, F Lago-Parra, G Lombardero, MJ Liebhold, AM Alvarez-Taboada, MF AF Castedo-Dorado, Fernando Lago-Parra, Gorka Lombardero, Maria J. Liebhold, Andrew M. Alvarez-Taboada, Maria F. TI European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar L.) completes development and defoliates exotic radiata pine plantations in Spain SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF FORESTRY SCIENCE AB Background: Like most pines, radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) is conventionally considered resistant to defoliation by European gypsy moth, i.e. it is only consumed by late larval stages, or when susceptible species are not available or are scarce. The ability of this moth to complete development on this host in field conditions has never been reported. Findings: A gypsy moth outbreak in a pure radiata pine plantation was observed in north-western Spain, where this insect is endemic. During the 2 years of outbreak culmination (2012 and 2013), approximately 46 ha of radiata pine were severely defoliated (> 75 % of leaf area removed) and no defoliation was evident in nearby stands of susceptible species. Large numbers of egg masses were present on stems of pine trees. Larvae were observed feeding exclusively on radiata pine needles beginning with the first instar and continuing to pupation. Nearly 100 % tree mortality occurred in stands severely defoliated. Conclusions: The occurrence of a European gypsy moth outbreak in a pure radiata pine plantation contradicts previous observations that larvae of this species cannot complete development in stands comprised entirely of pines. These results suggest that European strains of the gypsy moth hold great potential for damage to commercial radiata pine plantations where this species is utilised in plantation forestry, such as in New Zealand or Australia. OI Castedo Dorado, Fernando/0000-0002-1656-5255 SN 0048-0134 EI 1179-5395 PD SEP 13 PY 2016 VL 46 DI 10.1186/s40490-016-0074-y UT WOS:000383536600001 ER PT J AU Kuhnen, P Handke, D Waterland, RA Hennig, BJ Silver, M Fulford, AJ Dominguez-Salas, P Moore, SE Prentice, AM Spranger, J Hinney, A Hebebrand, J Heppner, FL Walzer, L Grotzinger, C Gromoll, J Wiegand, S Gruters, A Krude, H AF Kuehnen, Peter Handke, Daniela Waterland, Robert A. Hennig, Branwen J. Silver, Matt Fulford, Anthony J. Dominguez-Salas, Paula Moore, Sophie E. Prentice, Andrew M. Spranger, Joachim Hinney, Anke Hebebrand, Johannes Heppner, Frank L. Walzer, Lena Groetzinger, Carsten Gromoll, Joerg Wiegand, Susanna Grueters, Annette Krude, Heiko TI Interindividual Variation in DNA Methylation at a Putative POMC Metastable Epiallele Is Associated with Obesity SO CELL METABOLISM AB The estimated heritability of human BMI is close to 75%, but identified genetic variants explain only a small fraction of interindividual body-weight variation. Inherited epigenetic variants identified in mouse models named "metastable epialleles" could in principle explain this "missing heritability." We provide evidence that methylation in a variably methylated region (VMR) in the pro-opiomelanocortin gene (POMC), particularly in postmortem human laser-microdissected melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-positive neurons, is strongly associated with individual BMI. Using cohorts from different ethnic backgrounds, including a Gambian cohort, we found evidence suggesting that methylation of the POMC VMR is established in the early embryo and that offspring methylation correlates with the paternal somatic methylation pattern. Furthermore, it is associated with levels of maternal one-carbon metabolites at conception and stable during postnatal life. Together, these data suggest that the POMC VMR may be a human metastable epiallele that influences body-weight regulation. SN 1550-4131 EI 1932-7420 PD SEP 13 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 3 BP 502 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.001 UT WOS:000384016500021 PM 27568547 ER PT J AU Kibuthu, TW Njenga, SM Mbugua, AK Muturi, EJ AF Kibuthu, Tabitha W. Njenga, Sammy M. Mbugua, Amos K. Muturi, Ephantus J. TI Agricultural chemicals: life changer for mosquito vectors in agricultural landscapes? SO PARASITES & VECTORS AB Background: Although many mosquito species develop within agricultural landscapes where they are potentially exposed to agricultural chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides), the effects of these chemicals on mosquito biology remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of sublethal concentrations of four agricultural chemicals on the life history traits of Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Methods: Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to examine how sublethal concentrations of four agricultural chemicals: an insecticide (cypermethrin), a herbicide (glyphosate), and two nitrogenous fertilizers (ammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate) alter oviposition site selection, emergence rates, development time, adult body size, and longevity of An. arabiensis and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Results: Both mosquito species had preference to oviposit in fertilizer treatments relative to pesticide treatments. Emergence rates for An. arabiensis were significantly higher in the control and ammonium sulfate treatments compared to cypermethrin treatment, while emergence rates for Cx. quinquefasciatus were significantly higher in the diammonium phosphate treatment compared to glyphosate and cypermethrin treatments. For both mosquito species, individuals from the ammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate treatments took significantly longer time to develop compared to those from cypermethrin and glyphosate treatments. Although not always significant, males and females of both mosquito species tended to be smaller in the ammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate treatments compared to cypermethrin and glyphosate treatments. There was no significant effect of the agrochemical treatments on the longevity of either mosquito species. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the widespread use of agricultural chemicals to enhance crop production can have unexpected effects on the spatial distribution and abundance of mosquito vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis. SN 1756-3305 PD SEP 13 PY 2016 VL 9 AR 500 DI 10.1186/s13071-016-1788-7 UT WOS:000383851500001 PM 27624456 ER PT J AU Huber, SC Li, KZ Nelson, R Ulanov, A DeMuro, CM Baxter, I AF Huber, Steven C. Li, Kunzhi Nelson, Randall Ulanov, Alexander DeMuro, Catherine M. Baxter, Ivan TI Canopy position has a profound effect on soybean seed composition SO PEERJ AB Although soybean seeds appear homogeneous, their composition (protein, oil and mineral concentrations) can vary significantly with the canopy position where they were produced. In studies with 10 cultivars grown over a 3-yr period, we found that seeds produced at the top of the canopy have higher concentrations of protein but less oil and lower concentrations of minerals such as Mg, Fe, and Cu compared to seeds produced at the bottom of the canopy. Among cultivars, mean protein concentration (average of different positions) correlated positively with mean concentrations of S, Zn and Fe, but not other minerals. Therefore, on a whole plant basis, the uptake and allocation of S, Zn and Fe to seeds correlated with the production and allocation of reduced N to seed protein; however, the reduced N and correlated minerals (S, Zn and Fe) showed different patterns of allocation among node positions. For example, while mean concentrations of protein and Fe correlated positively, the two parameters correlated negatively in terms of variation with canopy position. Altering the microenvironment within the soybean canopy by removing neighboring plants at flowering increased protein concentration in particular at lower node positions and thus altered the node-position gradient in protein (and oil) without altering the distribution of Mg, Fe and Cu, suggesting different underlying control mechanisms. Metabolomic analysis of developing seeds at different positions in the canopy suggests that availability of free asparagine may be a positive determinant of storage protein accumulation in seeds and may explain the increased protein accumulation in seeds produced at the top of the canopy. Our results establish node-position variation in seed constituents and provide a new experimental system to identify genes controlling key aspects of seed composition. In addition, our results provide an unexpected and simple approach to link agronomic practices to improve human nutrition and health in developing countries because food products produced from seeds at the bottom of the canopy contained higher Fe concentrations than products from the top of the canopy. Therefore, using seeds produced in the lower canopy for production of iron-rich soy foods for human consumption could be important when plants are the major source of protein and human diets can be chronically deficient in Fe and other minerals. RI Baxter, Ivan/A-1052-2009 OI Baxter, Ivan/0000-0001-6680-1722 SN 2167-8359 PD SEP 13 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e2452 DI 10.7717/peerj.2452 UT WOS:000383269600011 PM 27672507 ER PT J AU Koch, KG Chapman, K Louis, J Heng-Moss, T Sarath, G AF Koch, Kyle G. Chapman, Kaitlin Louis, Joe Heng-Moss, Tiffany Sarath, Gautam TI Plant Tolerance: A Unique Approach to Control Hemipteran Pests SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB Plant tolerance to insect pests has been indicated to be a unique category of resistance, however, very little information is available on the mechanism of tolerance against insect pests. Tolerance is distinctive in terms of the plants ability to withstand or recover from herbivore injury through growth and compensatory physiological processes. Because plant tolerance involves plant compensatory characteristics, the plant is able to harbor large numbers of herbivores without interfering with the insect pests physiology or behavior. Some studies have observed that tolerant plants can compensate photosynthetically by avoiding feedback inhibition and impaired electron flow through photosystem II that occurs as a result of insect feeding. Similarly, the up-regulation of peroxidases and other oxidative enzymes during insect feeding, in conjunction with elevated levels of phytohormones can play an important role in providing plant tolerance to insect pests. Hemipteran insects comprise some of the most economically important plant pests (e.g., aphids, whiteflies), due to their ability to achieve high population growth and their potential to transmit plant viruses. In this review, results from studies on plant tolerance to hemipterans are summarized, and potential models to understand tolerance are presented. SN 1664-462X PD SEP 13 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1363 DI 10.3389/fpls.2016.01363 UT WOS:000382914400001 PM 27679643 ER PT J AU Ghandchi, FP Caetano-Anolles, G Clough, SJ Ort, DR AF Ghandchi, Frederick P. Caetano-Anolles, Gustavo Clough, Steven J. Ort, Donald R. TI Investigating the Control of Chlorophyll Degradation by Genomic Correlation Mining SO PLOS ONE AB Chlorophyll degradation is an intricate process that is critical in a variety of plant tissues at different times during the plant life cycle. Many of the photoactive chlorophyll degradation intermediates are exceptionally cytotoxic necessitating that the pathway be carefully coordinated and regulated. The primary regulatory step in the chlorophyll degradation pathway involves the enzyme pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), which oxidizes the chlorophyll intermediate pheophorbide a, that is eventually converted to non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites. There is evidence that PAO is differentially regulated across different environmental and developmental conditions with both transcriptional and post-transcriptional components, but the involved regulatory elements are uncertain or unknown. We hypothesized that transcription factors modulate PAO expression across different environmental conditions, such as cold and drought, as well as during developmental transitions to leaf senescence and maturation of green seeds. To test these hypotheses, several sets of Arabidopsis genomic and bioinformatic experiments were investigated and re-analyzed using computational approaches. PAO expression was compared across varied environmental conditions in the three separate datasets using regression modeling and correlation mining to identify gene elements co-expressed with PAO. Their functions were investigated as candidate upstream transcription factors or other regulatory elements that may regulate PAO expression. PAO transcript expression was found to be significantly up-regulated in warm conditions, during leaf senescence, and in drought conditions, and in all three conditions significantly positively correlated with expression of transcription factor Arabidopsis thaliana activating factor 1 (ATAF1), suggesting that ATAF1 is triggered in the plant response to these processes or abiotic stresses and in result up-regulates PAO expression. The proposed regulatory network includes the freezing, senescence, and drought stresses modulating factor ATAF1 and various other transcription factors and pathways, which in turn act to regulate chlorophyll degradation by up-regulating PAO expression. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 12 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0162327 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162327 UT WOS:000383653100018 PM 27618630 ER PT J AU Orr, MC Griswold, T Pitts, JP Parker, FD AF Orr, Michael C. Griswold, Terry Pitts, James P. Parker, Frank D. TI A new bee species that excavates sandstone nests SO CURRENT BIOLOGY SN 0960-9822 EI 1879-0445 PD SEP 12 PY 2016 VL 26 IS 17 BP R792 EP R793 UT WOS:000383314000005 PM 27623257 ER PT J AU Madera, R Gong, WJ Wang, LH Burakova, Y Lleellish, K Galliher-Beckley, A Nietfeld, J Henningson, J Jia, KM Li, P Bai, JF Schlup, J McVey, S Tu, CC Shi, JS AF Madera, Rachel Gong, Wenjie Wang, Lihua Burakova, Yulia Lleellish, Karen Galliher-Beckley, Amy Nietfeld, Jerome Henningson, Jamie Jia, Kaimin Li, Ping Bai, Jianfa Schlup, John McVey, Scott Tu, Changchun Shi, Jishu TI Pigs immunized with a novel E2 subunit vaccine are protected from subgenotype heterologous classical swine fever virus challenge SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH AB Background: Classical swine fever (CSF) or hog cholera is a highly contagious swine viral disease. CSF endemic countries have to use routine vaccination with modified live virus (MLV) vaccines to prevent and control CSF. However, it is impossible to serologically differentiate MLV vaccinated pigs from those infected with CSF virus (CSFV). The aim of this study is to develop a one-dose E2-subunit vaccine that can provide protection against CSFV challenge. We hypothesize that a vaccine consisting of a suitable adjuvant and recombinant E2 with natural conformation may induce a similar level of protection as the MLV vaccine. Results: Our experimental vaccine KNB-E2 was formulated with the recombinant E2 protein (Genotype 1.1) expressed by insect cells and an oil-in-water emulsion based adjuvant. 10 pigs (3 weeks old, 5 pigs/group) were immunized intramuscularly with one dose or two doses (3 weeks apart) KNB-E2, and 10 more control pigs were administered normal saline solution only. Two weeks after the second vaccination, all KNB-E2 vaccinated pigs and 5 control pigs were challenged with 5 x 10(5) TCID50 CSFV Honduras/1997 (Genotype 1.3, 1 ml intramuscular, 1 ml intranasal). It was found that while control pigs infected with CSFV stopped growing and developed high fever (>40 degrees C), high level CSFV load in blood and nasal fluid, and severe leukopenia 3-14 days post challenge, all KNB-E2 vaccinated pigs continued to grow as control pigs without CSFV exposure, did not show any fever, had low or undetectable level of CSFV in blood and nasal fluid. At the time of CSFV challenge, only pigs immunized with KNB-E2 developed high levels of E2-specific antibodies and anti-CSFV neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions: Our studies provide direct evidence that pigs immunized with one dose KNB-E2 can be protected clinically from CSFV challenge. This protection is likely mediated by high levels of E2-specific and anti-CSFV neutralizing antibodies. SN 1746-6148 PD SEP 9 PY 2016 VL 12 AR 197 DI 10.1186/s12917-016-0823-4 UT WOS:000382749100002 PM 27612954 ER PT J AU Susca, A Proctor, RH Morelli, M Haidukowski, M Gallo, A Logrieco, AF Moretti, A AF Susca, Antonia Proctor, Robert H. Morelli, Massimiliano Haidukowski, Miriam Gallo, Antonia Logrieco, Antonio F. Moretti, Antonio TI Variation in Fumonisin and Ochratoxin Production Associated with Differences in Biosynthetic Gene Content in Aspergillus niger and A. welwitschiae Isolates from Multiple Crop and Geographic Origins SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB The fungi Aspergillus niger and A. welwitschiae are morphologically indistinguishable species used for industrial fermentation and for food and beverage production. The fungi also occur widely on food crops. Concerns about their safety have arisen with the discovery that some isolates of both species produce fumonisin (FB) and ochratoxin A (OTA) mycotoxins. Here, we examined FB and OTA production as well as the presence of genes responsible for synthesis of the mycotoxins in a collection of 92 A. niger/A. welwitschiae isolates from multiple crop and geographic origins. The results indicate that (i) isolates of both species differed in ability to produce the mycotoxins; (ii) FB-nonproducing isolates of A. niger had an intact fumonisin biosynthetic gene (rum) cluster; (iii) FB-nonproducing isolates of A. welwitschiae exhibited multiple patterns of fum gene deletion; and (iv) OTA-nonproducing isolates of both species lacked the ochratoxin A biosynthetic gene (ota) cluster. Analysis of genome sequence data revealed a single pattern of ota gene deletion in the two species. Phylogenetic analysis suggest that the simplest explanation for this is that ota cluster deletion occurred in a common ancestor of A. niger and A. welwitschiae, and subsequently both the intact and deleted cluster were retained as alternate alleles during divergence of the ancestor into descendent species. Finally, comparison of results from this and previous studies indicate that a majority of A. niger isolates and a minority of A. welwitschiae isolates can produce FBs, whereas, a minority of isolates of both species produce OTA. The comparison also suggested that the relative abundance of each species and frequency of FB/OTA-producing isolates can vary with crop and/or geographic origin. RI Gallo, Antonia/C-1491-2015 SN 1664-302X PD SEP 9 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1412 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01412 UT WOS:000382820900001 PM 27667988 ER PT J AU Edwards, S AF Edwards, Sarah TI Chickenizing Farms and Food How Industrial Meat Production Endangers Workers, Animals, and Consumers SO SCIENCE SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 PD SEP 9 PY 2016 VL 353 IS 6304 BP 1092 EP 1092 UT WOS:000382626800025 ER PT J AU Peng, H Yang, TB Whitaker, BD Shangguan, LF Fang, JG AF Peng, Hui Yang, Tianbao Whitaker, Bruce D. Shangguan, Lingfei Fang, Jinggui TI Calcium/calmodulin alleviates substrate inhibition in a strawberry UDP-glucosyltransferase involved in fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY AB Background: UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) is a key enzyme for anthocyanin biosynthesis, which by catalyzing glycosylation of anthocyanidins increases their solubility and accumulation in plants. Previously we showed that pre-harvest spray of CaCl2 enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry fruit by stimulating the expression of anthocyanin structural genes including a fruit specific FvUGT1. Results: To further understand the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, we conducted kinetic analysis of recombinant FvUGT1 on glycosylation of pelargonidin, the major anthocyanidin in strawberry fruit. At the fixed pelargonidin concentration, FvUGT1 catalyzed the sugar transfer from UDP-glucose basically following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. By contrast, at the fixed UDP-glucose concentration, pelargonidin over 150 mu M exhibited marked partial substrate inhibition in an uncompetitive mode. These results suggest that the sugar acceptor at high concentration inhibits FvUGT1 activity by binding to another site in addition to the catalytic site. Furthermore, calcium/calmodulin specifically bound FvUGT1 at a site partially overlapping with the interdomain linker, and significantly relieved the substrate inhibition. In the presence of 0.1 and 0.5 mu M calmodulin, Vmax was increased by 71.4 and 327 %, respectively. Conclusions: FvUGT1 activity is inhibited by anthocyanidin, the sugar acceptor substrate, and calcium/calmodulin binding to FvUGT1 enhances anthocyanin accumulation via alleviation of this substrate inhibition. SN 1471-2229 PD SEP 8 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 197 DI 10.1186/s12870-016-0888-z UT WOS:000382909800001 PM 27609111 ER PT J AU Thomas, LF Bishop, RP Onzere, C Mcintosh, MT Lemire, KA de Glanville, WA Cook, EAJ Fevre, EM AF Thomas, Lian F. Bishop, Richard P. Onzere, Cynthia Mcintosh, Michael T. Lemire, Karissa A. de Glanville, William A. Cook, E. Anne J. Fevre, Eric M. TI Evidence for the presence of African swine fever virus in an endemic region of Western Kenya in the absence of any reported outbreak SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH AB Background: African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a severe haemorrhagic disease of pigs, outbreaks of which can have a devastating impact upon commercial and small-holder pig production. Pig production in western Kenya is characterised by low-input, free-range systems practised by poor farmers keeping between two and ten pigs. These farmers are particularly vulnerable to the catastrophic loss of livestock assets experienced in an ASF outbreak. This study wished to expand our understanding of ASFV epidemiology during a period when no outbreaks were reported. Results: Two hundred and seventy six whole blood samples were analysed using two independent conventional and real time PCR assays to detect ASFV. Despite no recorded outbreak of clinical ASF during this time, virus was detected in 90/277 samples analysed by conventional PCR and 142/209 samples analysed by qPCR. Genotyping of a sub-set of these samples indicated that the viruses associated with the positive samples were classified within genotype IX and that these strains were therefore genetically similar to the virus associated with the 2006/2007 ASF outbreaks in Kenya. Conclusion: The detection of ASFV viral DNA in a relatively high number of pigs delivered for slaughter during a period with no reported outbreaks provides support for two hypotheses, which are not mutually exclusive: (1) that virus prevalence may be over-estimated by slaughter-slab sampling, relative to that prevailing in the wider pig population; (2) that sub-clinical, chronically infected or recovered pigs may be responsible for persistence of the virus in endemic areas. OI Fevre, Eric/0000-0001-8931-4986 SN 1746-6148 PD SEP 8 PY 2016 VL 12 AR 192 DI 10.1186/s12917-016-0830-5 UT WOS:000382748800001 PM 27608711 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Passler, T AF Ridpath, Julia F. Passler, Thomas TI Editorial: Control of Pestivirus Infections in the Management of Wildlife Populations SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY SN 1664-302X PD SEP 8 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1396 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01396 UT WOS:000382818300001 PM 27660626 ER PT J AU Mandel, JR Ramsey, AJ Iorizzo, M Simon, PW AF Mandel, Jennifer R. Ramsey, Adam J. Iorizzo, Massimo Simon, Philipp W. TI Patterns of Gene Flow between Crop and Wild Carrot, Daucus carota (Apiaceae) in the United States SO PLOS ONE AB Studies of gene flow between crops and their wild relatives have implications for both management practices for cultivation and understanding the risk of transgene escape. These types of studies may also yield insight into population dynamics and the evolutionary consequences of gene flow for wild relatives of crop species. Moreover, the comparison of genetic markers with different modes of inheritance, or transmission, such as those of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes, can inform the relative risk of transgene escape via pollen versus seed. Here we investigate patterns of gene flow between crop and wild carrot, Daucus carota (Apiaceae) in two regions of the United States. We employed 15 nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and one polymorphic chloroplast marker. Further, we utilized both conventional population genetic metrics along with Shannon diversity indices as the latter have been proposed to be more sensitive to allele frequency changes and differentiation. We found that populations in both regions that were proximal to crop fields showed lower levels of differentiation to the crops than populations that were located farther away. We also found that Shannon measures were more sensitive to differences in both genetic diversity and differentiation in our study. Finally, we found indirect evidence of paternal transmission of chloroplast DNA and accompanying lower than expected levels of chloroplast genetic structure amongst populations as might be expected if chloroplast DNA genes flow through both seed and pollen. Our findings of substantial gene flow for both nuclear and chloroplast markers demonstrate the efficiency of both pollen and seed to transfer genetic information amongst populations of carrot. SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 7 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0161971 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0161971 UT WOS:000383255200033 PM 27603516 ER PT J AU van der Graaf-van Bloois, L Duim, B Miller, WG Forbes, KJ Wagenaar, JA Zomer, A AF van der Graaf-van Bloois, Linda Duim, Birgitta Miller, William G. Forbes, Ken J. Wagenaar, Jaap A. Zomer, Aldert TI Whole genome sequence analysis indicates recent diversification of mammal-associated Campylobacter fetus and implicates a genetic factor associated with H2S production SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus) can cause disease in both humans and animals. C. fetus has been divided into three subspecies: C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff), C. fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) and C. fetus subsp. testudinum (Cft). Subspecies identification of mammal-associated C. fetus strains is crucial in the control of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis (BGC), a syndrome associated with Cfv. The prescribed methods for subspecies identification of the Cff and Cfv isolates are: tolerance to 1 % glycine and H2S production. Results: In this study, we observed the deletion of a putative cysteine transporter in the Cfv strains, which are not able to produce H2S from L-cysteine. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within Cff and Cfv strains divided these strains into five different clades and showed that the Cfv clade and a Cff clade evolved from a single Cff ancestor. Conclusions: Multiple C. fetus clades were observed, which were not consistent with the biochemical differentiation of the strains. This suggests the need for a closer evaluation of the current C. fetus subspecies differentiation, considering that the phenotypic differentiation is still applied in BGC control programs. SN 1471-2164 PD SEP 6 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 713 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3058-7 UT WOS:000383469600002 PM 27599479 ER PT J AU Phillips, WS Brown, AMV Howe, DK Peetz, AB Blok, VC Denver, DR Zasada, IA AF Phillips, Wendy S. Brown, Amanda M. V. Howe, Dana K. Peetz, Amy B. Blok, Vivian C. Denver, Dee R. Zasada, Inga A. TI The mitochondrial genome of Globodera ellingtonae is composed of two circles with segregated gene content and differential copy numbers SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: The evolution of animal mitochondrial (mt) genomes has resulted in a highly conserved structure: a single compact circular chromosome approximately 14 to 20 kb long. Within the last two decades exceptions to this conserved structure, such as the division of the genome into multiple chromosomes, have been reported in a diverse set of metazoans. We report on the two circle multipartite mt genome of a newly described cyst nematode, Globodera ellingtonae. Results: The G. ellingtonae mt genome was found to be comprised of two circles, each larger than any other multipartite circular mt chromosome yet reported, and both were larger than the single mt circle of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The genetic content of the genome was disproportionately divided between the two circles, although they shared a similar to 6.5 kb non-coding region. The 17.8 kb circle (mtDNA-I) contained ten protein-coding genes and two tRNA genes, whereas the 14.4 kb circle (mtDNA-II) contained two protein-coding genes, 20 tRNA genes and both rRNA genes. Perhaps correlated with this division of genetic content, the copy number of mtDNA-II was more than four-fold that of mtDNA-I in individual nematodes. The difference in copy number increased between second-stage and fourth-stage juveniles. Conclusions: The segregation of gene types to different mt circles in G. ellingtonae could provide benefit by localizing gene functional types to independent transcriptional units. This is the first report of both two-circle and several-circle mt genomes within a single genus. The differential copy number associated with this multipartite mt organization could provide a model system for deconstructing mechanisms regulating mtDNA copy number both in somatic cells and during germline development. SN 1471-2164 PD SEP 5 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 706 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3047-x UT WOS:000383469200002 PM 27595608 ER PT J AU Utsunomiya, ATH Santos, DJA Boison, SA Utsunomiya, YT Milanesi, M Bickhart, DM Ajmone-Marsan, P Solkner, J Garcia, JF da Fonseca, R da Silva, MVGB AF Utsunomiya, Adam T. H. Santos, Daniel J. A. Boison, Solomon A. Utsunomiya, Yuri T. Milanesi, Marco Bickhart, Derek M. Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo Soelkner, Johann Garcia, Jose F. da Fonseca, Ricardo da Silva, Marcos V. G. B. TI Revealing misassembled segments in the bovine reference genome by high resolution linkage disequilibrium scan SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: Misassembly signatures, created by shuffling the order of sequences while assembling a genome, can be detected by the unexpected behavior of marker linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay. We developed a heuristic process to identify misassembly signatures, applied it to the bovine reference genome assembly (UMDv3.1) and presented the consequences of misassemblies in two case studies. Results: We identified 2,906 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers presenting unexpected LD decay behavior in 626 putative misassembled contigs, which comprised less than 1 % of the whole genome. Although this represents a small fraction of the reference sequence, these poorly assembled segments can lead to severe implications to local genome context. For instance, we showed that one of the misassembled regions mapped to the POLL locus, which affected the annotation of positional candidate genes in a GWAS case study for polledness in Nellore (Bos indicus beef cattle). Additionally, we found that poorly performing markers in imputation mapped to putative misassembled regions, and that correction of marker positions based on LD was capable to recover imputation accuracy. Conclusions: This heuristic approach can be useful to cross validate reference assemblies and to filter out markers located at low confidence genomic regions before conducting downstream analyses. RI Utsunomiya, Yuri Tani/K-5214-2013; OI Utsunomiya, Yuri Tani/0000-0002-6526-8337; Bickhart, Derek/0000-0003-2223-9285; MILANESI, Marco/0000-0001-6244-7455 SN 1471-2164 PD SEP 5 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 705 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3049-8 UT WOS:000383469200001 PM 27595709 ER PT J AU Smith-Pardo, AH AF Smith-Pardo, Allan H. TI Two new species of Neocorynura from Guatemala (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Augochlorini) with a key to the species known from the country SO ZOOTAXA AB This paper describes two new species of bees of the genus Neocorynura Schrottky from Guatemala. A taxonomic key to all five known species of the genus in Guatemala is provided and the male of N. centroamericana is described for the first time. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD SEP 5 PY 2016 VL 4161 IS 2 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4161.2.3 UT WOS:000383182300003 PM 27615923 ER PT J AU Lienard, J Lynn, K Strigul, N Norris, BK Gatziolis, D Mullarney, JC Bryan, KR Henderson, SM AF Lienard, Jean Lynn, Kendra Strigul, Nikolay Norris, Benjamin K. Gatziolis, Demetrios Mullarney, Julia C. Bryan, Karin R. Henderson, Stephen M. TI Efficient three-dimensional reconstruction of aquatic vegetation geometry: Estimating morphological parameters influencing hydrodynamic drag SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE AB Aquatic vegetation can shelter coastlines from energetic waves and tidal currents, sometimes enabling accretion of fine sediments. Simulation of flow and sediment transport within submerged canopies requires quantification of vegetation geometry. However, field surveys used to determine vegetation geometry can be limited by the time required to obtain conventional caliper and ruler measurements. Building on recent progress in photogrammetry and computer vision, we present a method for reconstructing three-dimensional canopy geometry. The method was used to survey a dense canopy of aerial mangrove roots, called pneumatophores, in Vietnam's Mekong River Delta. Photogrammetric estimation of geometry required 1) taking numerous photographs at low tide from multiple viewpoints around 1 m(2) quadrats, 2) computing relative camera locations and orientations by triangulation of key features present in multiple images and reconstructing a dense 3D point cloud, and 3) extracting pneumatophore locations and diameters from the point cloud data. Step 3) was accomplished by a new 'sector-slice' algorithm, yielding geometric parameters every 5 mm along a vertical profile. Photogrammetric analysis was compared with manual caliper measurements. In all 5 quadrats considered, agreement was found between manual and photogrammetric estimates of stem number, and of number x mean diameter, which is a key parameter appearing in hydrodynamic models. In two quadrats, pneumatophores were encrusted with numerous barnacles, generating a complex geometry not resolved by hand measurements. In remaining cases, moderate agreement between manual and photogrammetric estimates of stem diameter and solid volume fraction was found. By substantially reducing measurement time in the field while capturing in greater detail the 3D structure, photogrammetry has potential to improve input to hydrodynamic models, particularly for simulations of flow through large-scale, heterogenous canopies. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 PD SEP 5 PY 2016 VL 178 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.05.011 UT WOS:000381164900008 ER PT J AU Zhai, TL Zheng, QF Cai, ZY Xia, HS Gong, SQ AF Zhai, Tianliang Zheng, Qifeng Cai, Zhiyong Xia, Hesheng Gong, Shaoqin TI Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanofibril hybrid aerogel microspheres and their use as oil/solvent superabsorbents SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS AB Superhydrophobic and crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose nanofibril (CNF) aerogel micro spheres were prepared via a combination of the water-in-oil (W/O) emulsification process with the freeze-drying process, followed by thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane. The oil phase and the cooling agent were judiciously selected to ensure that the frozen ice microspheres can be easily separated from the emulsion system. The silanized microspheres were highly porous with a bulk density ranging from 4.66 to 16.54 mg/cm(3). The effects of the solution pH, stirring rate, and emulsifier concentration on the morphology and microstructure of the aerogel microspheres were studied. The highly porous structure of the ultralight aerogel microspheres demonstrated an ultrahigh crude oil absorption capacity (up to 116 times its own weight). This study provides a novel approach for the large-scale preparation of polymeric aerogel microspheres with well-controlled particle sizes that can be used for various applications including oil and chemical spill/leak clean-up. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Priyanka, Geetha/E-4028-2015 OI Priyanka, Geetha/0000-0002-2857-1011 SN 0144-8617 EI 1879-1344 PD SEP 5 PY 2016 VL 148 BP 300 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.065 UT WOS:000376449500035 PM 27185143 ER PT J AU Lane, T Best, T Zembower, N Davitt, J Henry, N Xu, Y Koch, J Liang, HY McGraw, J Schuster, S Shim, D Coggeshall, MV Carlson, JE Staton, ME AF Lane, Thomas Best, Teodora Zembower, Nicole Davitt, Jack Henry, Nathan Xu, Yi Koch, Jennifer Liang, Haiying McGraw, John Schuster, Stephan Shim, Donghwan Coggeshall, Mark V. Carlson, John E. Staton, Margaret E. TI The green ash transcriptome and identification of genes responding to abiotic and biotic stresses SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: To develop a set of transcriptome sequences to support research on environmental stress responses in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), we undertook deep RNA sequencing of green ash tissues under various stress treatments. The treatments, including emerald ash borer (EAB) feeding, heat, drought, cold and ozone, were selected to mimic the increasing threats of climate change and invasive pests faced by green ash across its native habitat. Results: We report the generation and assembly of RNA sequences from 55 green ash samples into 107,611 putative unique transcripts (PUTs). 52,899 open reading frames were identified. Functional annotation of the PUTs by comparison to the Uniprot protein database identified matches for 63 % of transcripts and for 98 % of transcripts with ORFs. Further functional annotation identified conserved protein domains and assigned gene ontology terms to the PUTs. Examination of transcript expression across different RNA libraries revealed that expression patterns clustered based on tissues regardless of stress treatment. The transcripts from stress treatments were further examined to identify differential expression. Tens to hundreds of differentially expressed PUTs were identified for each stress treatment. A set of 109 PUTs were found to be consistently up or down regulated across three or more different stress treatments, representing basal stress response candidate genes in green ash. In addition, 1956 simple sequence repeats were identified in the PUTs, of which we identified 465 high quality DNA markers and designed flanking PCR primers. Conclusions: North American native ash trees have suffered extensive mortality due to EAB infestation, creating a need to breed or select for resistant green ash genotypes. Stress from climate change is an additional concern for longevity of native ash populations. The use of genomics could accelerate management efforts. The green ash transcriptome we have developed provides important sequence information, genetic markers and stress-response candidate genes. SN 1471-2164 PD SEP 2 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 702 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3052-0 UT WOS:000383468300003 PM 27589953 ER PT J AU Olds, CL Mwaura, S Odongo, DO Scoles, GA Bishop, R Daubenberger, C AF Olds, Cassandra L. Mwaura, Stephen Odongo, David O. Scoles, Glen A. Bishop, Richard Daubenberger, Claudia TI Induction of humoral immune response to multiple recombinant Rhipicephalus appendiculatus antigens and their effect on tick feeding success and pathogen transmission SO PARASITES & VECTORS AB Coast fever (ECF), a devastating disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesized that a vaccine targeting tick proteins that are involved in attachment and feeding might affect feeding success and possibly reduce tick-borne transmission of T. parva. Here we report the evaluation of a multivalent vaccine cocktail of tick antigens for their ability to reduce R. appendiculatus feeding success and possibly reduce tick-transmission of T. parva in a natural host-tick-parasite challenge model. Methods: Cattle were inoculated with a multivalent antigen cocktail containing recombinant tick protective antigen subolesin as well as two additional R. appendiculatus saliva antigens: the cement protein TRP64, and three different histamine binding proteins. The cocktail also contained the T. parva sporozoite antigen p67C. The effect of vaccination on the feeding success of nymphal and adult R. appendiculatus ticks was evaluated together with the effect on transmission of T. parva using a tick challenge model. Results: To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of the anti-tick effects of these antigens in the natural host-tick-parasite combination. In spite of evidence of strong immune responses to all of the antigens in the cocktail, vaccination with this combination of tick and parasite antigens did not appear to effect tick feeding success or reduce transmission of T. parva. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the importance of early evaluation of anti-tick vaccine candidates in biologically relevant challenge systems using the natural tick-host-parasite combination. OI Odongo, David/0000-0001-5745-4327 SN 1756-3305 PD SEP 2 PY 2016 VL 9 AR 484 DI 10.1186/s13071-016-1774-0 UT WOS:000383848300003 PM 27589998 ER PT J AU Wu, MD Deng, Y Zhou, ZL He, GY Chen, WD Li, GQ AF Wu, Mingde Deng, Yue Zhou, Ziliang He, Guoyuan Chen, Weidong Li, Guoqing TI Characterization of three mycoviruses co-infecting the plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia nivalis SO VIRUS RESEARCH AB Two dsRNAs of approximately 6.0-kb and 3.0-kb in length were detected in strain SsSn-1 of Sclerotinia nivalis. Genomic analysis showed that the 6.0-kb dsRNA was a victorivirus, named as Sclerotinia nivalis victorivirus 1 (SnVV1). The genome of SnVV1 is 5162 bp in length containing two large open reading frames (ORFs), ORF1 and ORF2. ORF1 was deduced to encode a coat protein (CP) showing homology to CPs of viruses belonging to the family Totiviridae. The stop codon of ORF1 overlaps the start codon of ORF2 in the tetranucleotide sequence AUGA. ORF2 was predicted to encode for a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that was very similar to the RdRps of victoriviruses. The 3.0-kb dsRNA was consisted of two species of mitoviruses, named as Sclerotinia nivalis mitovirus 1/SsSn-1 (SnMV1/SsSn-1) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mitovirus 3/SsSn-1 (SsMV3/SsSn-1). The genomes of SnMV1/SsSn-1 and SsMV3/SsSn-1 were 2720 nt and 2583 nt in length, respectively. Both mitoviruses were AU-rich and deduced to contain a major large ORF encoding a mitoviral RdRp with the fungal mitochondrial codon usages. SnMV1/SsSn-1 was most closely related to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mitovirus 4 (SsMV4/NZ1) and shared 76.5% and 80.1% identity with SsMV4/NZ1 for nucleotide and RdRp sequences, respectively. In addition, the nucleotide and RdRp sequences of SsMV3/SsSn-1 were 90.6% and 95.9% identical to the nucleotide and RdRp sequences of SsMV3/NZ1, respectively. Considering their nucleotide and RdRp sequence identities with other mitoviruses, SnMV1/SsSn-1 may belong to the genus Mitovirus, whereas SsMV3/SsSn-1 is possibly a strain of SsMV3. Both SnMV1/SsSn-1 and SsMV3/SsSn-1 were transmitted to a recipient virus-free colony faster than was SnVV1 through hyphal anastomosis. Co-infection by these mycoviruses had no apparent effects on growth and pathogenicity of S. nivalis. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 PD SEP 2 PY 2016 VL 223 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.06.009 UT WOS:000383826600004 PM 27343823 ER PT J AU Borca, MV O'Donnell, V Holinka, LG Rai, DK Sanford, B Alfano, M Carlson, J Azzinaro, PA Alonso, C Gladue, DP AF Borca, Manuel V. O'Donnell, Vivian Holinka, Lauren G. Rai, Devendra K. Sanford, Brenton Alfano, Marialexia Carlson, Jolene Azzinaro, Paul A. Alonso, Covadonga Gladue, Douglas P. TI The Ep152R ORF of African swine fever virus strain Georgia encodes for an essential gene that interacts with host protein BAG6 SO VIRUS RESEARCH AB African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. The viral genome encodes for more than 150 genes, and only a select few of these genes have been studied in some detail. Here we report the characterization of open reading frame Ep152R that has a predicted complement control module/SCR domain. This domain is found in Vaccinia virus proteins that are involved in blocking the immune response during viral infection. A recombinant ASFV harboring a HA tagged version of the Ep152R protein was developed (ASFV-G-Ep152R-HA) and used to demonstrate that Ep152R is an early virus protein. Attempts to construct recombinant viruses having a deleted Ep152R gene were consistently unsuccessful indicating that Ep152R is an essential gene. Interestingly, analysis of host-protein interactions for Ep152R using a yeast two-hybrid screen, identified BAG6, a protein previously identified as being required for ASFV replication. Furthermore, fluorescent microscopy analysis confirms that Ep152R-BAG6 interaction actually occurs in cells infected with ASFV. Published by Elsevier B.V. RI Alonso, Covadonga/A-8000-2011; OI Alonso, Covadonga/0000-0002-0862-6177; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 PD SEP 2 PY 2016 VL 223 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.07.013 UT WOS:000383826600023 PM 27497620 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Blackburn, JA Price, NPJ Vermillion, KE Peterson, SC Ferrence, GM AF Jackson, Michael A. Blackburn, Judith A. Price, Neil P. J. Vermillion, Karl E. Peterson, Steven C. Ferrence, Gregory M. TI A one-pot synthesis of 1,6,9,13-tetraoxadispiro(4.2.4.2)tetradecane by hydrodeoxygenation of xylose using a palladium catalyst SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH AB In an effort to expand the number of biobased chemicals available from sugars, xylose has been converted to 1,6,9,13-tetraoxadispiro(4.2.4.2)tetradecane in a one-pot reaction using palladium supported on silica-alumina as the catalyst. The title compound is produced in 35-40% yield under 7 MPa H-2 pressure at 733 K using 3-10 wt%Pd on silica-alumina catalyst. It is isolated using a combination of liquid-liquid extractions and flash chromatography. This dimer can be converted to its monomer, 2-hydroxy-(2-hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran, which ring opens under acid conditions to 1,5-dihydroxy-2-pentanone. This diol can then be esterified with vinylacetate in phosphate buffer to produce 1,5-bis(acetyloxy)-2-pentanone which is an inhibitor of mammalian 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1. H-1 and C-13 nmr spectra of each of these species are reported. The single crystal X-ray structure of the title compound is also reported. These data were collected in a temperature range of 100 K-273 K and show a solid state phase change from triclinic to monoclinic between 175 K and 220 K without a conformational change. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X PD SEP 2 PY 2016 VL 432 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2016.06.003 UT WOS:000380682800002 PM 27341396 ER PT J AU DiCaprio, E Phantkankum, N Culbertson, D Ma, YM Hughes, JH Kingsley, D Uribe, RM Li, JR AF DiCaprio, Erin Phantkankum, Nuttapong Culbertson, Doug Ma, Yuanmei Hughes, John H. Kingsley, David Uribe, Roberto M. Li, Jianrong TI Inactivation of human norovirus and Tulane virus in simple media and fresh whole strawberries by ionizing radiation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY AB Human norovirus (NoV) is a major cause of fresh produce-associated outbreaks and human NoV in irrigation water can potentially lead to viral internalization in fresh produce. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel intervention strategies to target internalized viral pathogens while maintaining fresh produce quality. In this study electron beam (E-beam) and gamma radiation were evaluated for efficacy against a human NoV GII.4 strain and Tulane virus (TV). Virus survival following ionizing radiation treatments was determined using direct quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR), the porcine gastric mucin magnetic bead (PGM-MB) binding assay followed by RT-qPCR, and plaque assay. In simple media, a high dose of E-beam treatment was required to completely abolish the receptor binding ability of human NoV (353 kGy) and TV (19.5-24.1 kGy), as assessed using the PGM-MB binding assay. Both human NoV and TV were more susceptible to gamma irradiation than E-beam, requiring 22.4 kGy to achieve complete inactivation. In whole strawberries, no human NoV or TV RNA was detected following 28.7 kGy of E-beam treatment using the PGM-MB binding assay. Overall, human NoV and TV are highly resistant to ionizing radiation and therefore the technology may not be suitable to eliminate viruses in fresh produce at the currently approved levels. In addition, the PGM-MB binding assay is an improved method to detect viral infectivity compared to direct RT-qPCR. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0168-1605 EI 1879-3460 PD SEP 2 PY 2016 VL 232 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.013 UT WOS:000380627300007 PM 27240219 ER PT J AU Tarver, MR Huang, Q de Guzman, L Rinderer, T Holloway, B Reese, J Weaver, D Evans, JD AF Tarver, Matthew R. Huang, Qiang de Guzman, Lilia Rinderer, Tom Holloway, Beth Reese, Justin Weaver, Daniel Evans, Jay D. TI Transcriptomic and functional resources for the small hive beetle Aethina tumida, a worldwide parasite of honey bees SO GENOMICS DATA AB The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida, is a major pest of managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in the United States and Australia, and an emergent threat in Europe. While strong honey bee colonies generally keep SHB populations in check, weak or stressed colonies can succumb to infestations. This parasite has spread from a sub-Saharan Africa to three continents, leading to immense management and regulatory costs. We performed a transcriptomic analysis involving deep sequencing of multiple life stages and both sexes of this species. The assembled transcriptome appears to be nearly complete, as judged by conserved insect orthologs and the ability to find plausible homologs for 11,952 proteins described from the genome of the red flour beetle. Expressed genes include each of the major metabolic, developmental and sensory groups, along with genes for proteins involved with immune defenses and insecticide resistance. We also present a total of 23,085 high-quality SNP's for the assembled contigs. We highlight potential differences between this beetle and its honey bee hosts, and suggest mechanisms of future research into the biology and control of this species. SNP resources will allow functional genetic analyses and analyses of dispersal for this invasive pest. All resources are posted as Supplemental Tables at https://data.nal.usda.gov/dataset/data-transcriptomic-and-functional-resources-small-hive-beetle-aethina-tumida-worldwide, and at NCBI under Bioproject PRJNA256171. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 2213-5960 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 9 BP 97 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.06.003 UT WOS:000395318100040 PM 27453819 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Gensler, G Taylor, A AF Chiu, Chung-Jung Gensler, Gary Taylor, Allen TI American Major Dietary Patterns and Age-related Cataract SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO) CY MAY 01-05, 2016 CL Seattle, WA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol SN 0146-0404 EI 1552-5783 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 57 IS 12 MA 6220 UT WOS:000394210602365 ER PT J AU Rowan, S Iang, SH Chang, ML Szymanski, L Korem, T Segal, E Cassalman, C McGuire, C Balea, JD Clish, CB Taylor, A AF Rowan, Sheldon Iang, Shuhong Chang, Min-Lee Szymanski, Ledrzej Korem, Tal Segal, Eran Cassalman, Christa McGuire, Christina Balea, James D. Clish, Clary B. Taylor, Allen TI Interaction of Metabolome and Microbiome Contributes to Dietary Glycemia-induced Age-related Macular Degeneration in Aged C57BL/6J Mice SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO) CY MAY 01-05, 2016 CL Seattle, WA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol SN 0146-0404 EI 1552-5783 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 57 IS 12 MA 5002 UT WOS:000394210205269 ER PT J AU Campbell, BT Chapman, KD Sturtevant, D Kennedy, C Horn, P Chee, PW Lubbers, E Meredith, WR Johnson, J Fraser, D Jones, DC AF Campbell, B. T. Chapman, K. D. Sturtevant, D. Kennedy, C. Horn, P. Chee, P. W. Lubbers, E. Meredith, W. R., Jr. Johnson, J. Fraser, D. Jones, D. C. TI Genetic Analysis of Cottonseed Protein and Oil in a Diverse Cotton Germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE AB Historically, the primary objective of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) breeding programs was to improve the quantity and quality of cotton fiber. Because of the added value of cottonseed and its many uses, including a feed and human food source, there is interest in developing cotton breeding programs that focus improvement efforts simultaneously on cotton fiber and seed. Genetic analysis of cottonseed traits, such as protein and oil, is a prerequisite to building new joint fiber and seed cotton breeding programs. In this study, we conducted a genetic analysis of a diverse set of elite upland cotton germplasm for cottonseed protein and oil. Environment was responsible for a sizeable portion of the total variation for protein and oil, and genetics accounted for a larger portion of variation for oil than protein. Genotype x environment (G x E) interactions significantly impacted oil but not protein. Genotypic correlation analysis found a strong, negative relationship between protein and oil. Positive genotypic correlations were found for protein and several agronomic traits including lint yield; whereas, negative correlations were found between oil and lint yield along with other agronomic traits. Overall, results showed very little association between protein, oil, and fiber quality traits. These findings indicate that altering protein and oil seed composition will impact yield and yield component traits. However, alterations in seed composition should not impact fiber quality. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2457 EP 2464 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.12.0742 UT WOS:000388509300032 ER PT J AU Overturf, K AF Overturf, K. TI Understanding the biology behind selective improvement of rainbow trout for commercially important traits. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA S0120 BP 10 EP 11 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement410a UT WOS:000392665800022 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Murali, SC Harris, RA English, AC Qin, X Skinner, E Richards, S Rogers, J Han, Y Vee, V Wang, M Meng, Q Heaton, MP Smith, TPL Dalrymple, BP Kijas, J Cockett, NE Boerwinkle, EA Muzny, DM Gibbs, RA Worley, KC AF Liu, Y. Murali, S. C. Harris, R. A. English, A. C. Qin, X. Skinner, E. Richards, S. Rogers, J. Han, Y. Vee, V. Wang, M. Meng, Q. Heaton, M. P. Smith, T. P. L. Dalrymple, B. P. Kijas, J. Cockett, N. E. Boerwinkle, E. A. Muzny, D. M. Gibbs, R. A. Worley, K. C. TI Sheep reference genome sequence updates: Texel improvements and Rambouillet progress. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P1009 BP 18 EP 19 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement418b UT WOS:000392665800037 ER PT J AU Snelling, WM Kuehn, LA Lindholm-Perry, AK AF Snelling, W. M. Kuehn, L. A. Lindholm-Perry, A. K. TI Inferring genotypes of functional variants in crossbred beef cattle. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P1024 BP 26 EP 26 UT WOS:000392665800049 ER PT J AU Kuehn, LA Snelling, WM Lindholm-Perry, AK AF Kuehn, L. A. Snelling, W. M. Lindholm-Perry, A. K. TI A reduced panel to determine beef cattle breed composition. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P1036 BP 32 EP 32 UT WOS:000392665800061 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Delany, ME Cheng, H Ross, PJ Korf, I Kern, C Saelao, P Wang, Y Kim, T Chitwood, J Halstead, M Medrano, JF Van Eenennaam, AL Tuggle, CK Ernst, CW AF Zhou, H. Delany, M. E. Cheng, H. Ross, P. J. Korf, I. Kern, C. Saelao, P. Wang, Y. Kim, T. Chitwood, J. Halstead, M. Medrano, J. F. Van Eenennaam, A. L. Tuggle, C. K. Ernst, C. W. TI Identification of regulatory elements in 3 domesticated species. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P1043 BP 35 EP 36 UT WOS:000392665800068 ER PT J AU Casas, E Cai, G Kuehn, LA Register, KB Neill, JD McDaneld, TG AF Casas, E. Cai, G. Kuehn, L. A. Register, K. B. Neill, J. D. McDaneld, T. G. TI Association of bta-miR-24-3p with serum antibody response to mycoplasma spp. in beef cattle. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P2004 BP 39 EP 40 UT WOS:000392665800076 ER PT J AU Liu, GE AF Liu, G. E. TI Initial analysis of sperm DNA methylome in Holstein bulls using whole genome bisulfite sequencing SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P2009 BP 42 EP 42 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement442x UT WOS:000392665800081 ER PT J AU Rempel, LA Miles, JR AF Rempel, L. A. Miles, J. R. TI Impact of collection season and storage of semen on methylation activity in swine placental and fetal tissues derived from summer or winter breedings SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P2013 BP 44 EP 44 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement444x UT WOS:000392665800085 ER PT J AU Kern, C Saelao, P Wang, Y Halstead, M Chitwood, J Kim, T Ross, PJ Korf, I Delany, ME Cheng, H Zhou, H AF Kern, C. Saelao, P. Wang, Y. Halstead, M. Chitwood, J. Kim, T. Ross, P. J. Korf, I. Delany, M. E. Cheng, H. Zhou, H. TI Identification of tissue-specific promoters in chickens SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P2025 BP 49 EP 49 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement449x UT WOS:000392665800096 ER PT J AU Abernathy, J Overturf, K AF Abernathy, J. Overturf, K. TI Toward resolving long noncoding RNAs in fish: Identification, mapping and association to disease using strand-specific RNA-seq in rainbow trout fed alternative diets. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P3031 BP 67 EP 68 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement467a UT WOS:000392665800129 ER PT J AU Liu, H Smith, TPL Nonneman, DJ Dekkers, JCM Tuggle, CK AF Liu, H. Smith, T. P. L. Nonneman, D. J. Dekkers, J. C. M. Tuggle, C. K. TI A comprehensive porcine blood transcriptome. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P3033 BP 69 EP 69 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement469x UT WOS:000392665800131 ER PT J AU Lindholm-Perry, AK Cunningham, HC Kuehn, LA Keele, JW Cammack, KM Freetly, HC AF Lindholm-Perry, A. K. Cunningham, H. C. Kuehn, L. A. Keele, J. W. Cammack, K. M. Freetly, H. C. TI Transcriptome profile of genes differentially expressed in the mesenteric adipose tissue of beef cattle with variation in geed intake and gain. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P3042 BP 73 EP 74 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement473a UT WOS:000392665800140 ER PT J AU de Leon, FAP Guo, Y Crooker, BA McDaneld, TG Smith, TPL AF de Leon, F. A. Ponce Guo, Y. Crooker, B. A. McDaneld, T. G. Smith, T. P. L. TI Identification and expression analysis of bovine X degenerate YcChromosome genes. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P3045 BP 75 EP 75 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement475x UT WOS:000392665800143 ER PT J AU Keel, BN Snelling, WM Keele, JW AF Keel, B. N. Snelling, W. M. Keele, J. W. TI Genome-wide copy number variation in the bovine genome detected using low coverage sequence of popular beef breeds. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P4008 BP 83 EP 83 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement483x UT WOS:000392665800159 ER PT J AU Xu, L Haasl, R Sun, J Zhou, Y Bickhart, D Li, J Song, J Sonstegard, T VanTassell, CP Lewin, H Liu, GE AF Xu, L. Haasl, R. Sun, J. Zhou, Y. Bickhart, D. Li, J. Song, J. Sonstegard, T. VanTassell, C. P. Lewin, H. Liu, G. E. TI Systematic profiling of short tandem repeats in the cattle genome. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P4027 BP 92 EP 92 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement492x UT WOS:000392665800177 ER PT J AU Ho, S Lee, JH Ando, A Rogel-Gaillard, C Schook, LB Smith, DM Lunney, JK Hammer, SE AF Ho, S. Lee, J. H. Ando, A. Rogel-Gaillard, C. Schook, L. B. Smith, D. M. Lunney, J. K. Hammer, S. E. TI The Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA) nomenclature system of the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) and the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS): Update 2016 SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P4052 BP 104 EP 105 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4104x UT WOS:000392665800202 ER PT J AU Bickhart, D Hammond, JA Schwartz, JC Harrison, D Smith, TPL AF Bickhart, D. Hammond, J. A. Schwartz, J. C. Harrison, D. Smith, T. P. L. TI Resolving misassembled cattle immune gene clusters with hierarchical, long read sequencing SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P4054 BP 105 EP 106 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4105a UT WOS:000392665800204 ER PT J AU Waldbieser, G AF Waldbieser, G. TI MicroGBS: High-throughput microsatellite genotyping using Illumina sequencing platforms SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P4065 BP 111 EP 112 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4111x UT WOS:000392665800215 ER PT J AU Blackburn, H Faria, DA Wilson, C Paiva, SR AF Blackburn, H. Faria, D. A. Wilson, C. Paiva, S. R. TI Genetic diversity of pig populations from the US mainland, Pacific islands and China: Autosomal SNP evaluation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P4066 BP 112 EP 112 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4112x UT WOS:000392665800216 ER PT J AU Faria, DA Paiva, SR Wilson, C Blackburn, H AF Faria, D. A. Paiva, S. R. Wilson, C. Blackburn, H. TI Comparing genetic diversity of pig populations on the US mainland, Pacific Islands and China: Y chromosome evaluation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P4067 BP 112 EP 113 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4112a UT WOS:000392665800217 ER PT J AU Velez, B Patino, J Velez, YR Sonstegard, TS Pagan-Morales, M AF Velez, B. Patino, J. Velez, Y. R. Sonstegard, T. S. Pagan-Morales, M. TI Interaction of STAT1 and PGR specific genotypes affects milk production in slick and normal coat Holsteins SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P4068 BP 113 EP 113 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4113x UT WOS:000392665800218 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA Nonneman, DJ AF Rohrer, G. A. Nonneman, D. J. TI A GWAS of teat number in pigs. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P5033 BP 131 EP 132 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4131a UT WOS:000392665800256 ER PT J AU Cinar, MU Mousel, MR Reynolds, JO Hermann-Hoesing, LM Taylor, JB Knowles, DP White, SN AF Cinar, M. U. Mousel, M. R. Reynolds, J. O. Hermann-Hoesing, L. M. Taylor, J. B. Knowles, D. P. White, S. N. TI The Ovar-DRB1*0404 haplotype is associated with growth and lifetime prolificacy ewe traits. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P5058 BP 143 EP 143 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4143x UT WOS:000392665800281 ER PT J AU Cinar, MU Mousel, MR Gonzales, MV Reynolds, JO Taylor, JB Knowles, DP White, SN AF Cinar, M. U. Mousel, M. R. Gonzales, M. V. Reynolds, J. O. Taylor, J. B. Knowles, D. P. White, S. N. TI Ovine MYADM-like repeat gene association with lifetime cumulative ewe production and wool traits. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P5059 BP 144 EP 144 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4144x UT WOS:000392665800282 ER PT J AU Schweer, KR Kachman, SD Kuehn, LA Spangler, ML AF Schweer, K. R. Kachman, S. D. Kuehn, L. A. Spangler, M. L. TI Comparison of SNP and haplotype models for genome-wide association studies for feed efficiency traits in crossbred beef cattle. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P5065 BP 147 EP 147 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4147x UT WOS:000392665800288 ER PT J AU McDaneld, TG Kuehn, LA Keele, JW AF McDaneld, T. G. Kuehn, L. A. Keele, J. W. TI Evaluating the metagenome of nasal samples from cattle with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P6002 BP 148 EP 149 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4148a UT WOS:000392665800291 ER PT J AU Steep, A Xu, H Zhang, Y Pyrkosz, AB Delany, ME Frishman, D Cheng, HH AF Steep, A. Xu, H. Zhang, Y. Pyrkosz, A. Black Delany, M. E. Frishman, D. Cheng, H. H. TI Identifying driver mutations for Marek's disease lymphomas in chicken using integrated genomic screens. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P6013 BP 154 EP 155 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4154a UT WOS:000392665800302 ER PT J AU Heaton, MP Smith, TPL Carnahan, JK Basnayake, V Qiu, J Simpson, B Kalbfleisch, TS AF Heaton, M. P. Smith, T. P. L. Carnahan, J. K. Basnayake, V. Qiu, J. Simpson, B. Kalbfleisch, T. S. TI Using diverse US beef cattle genomes to identify missense mutations in EPAS1, a gene associated with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P6026 BP 161 EP 162 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4161x UT WOS:000392665800315 ER PT J AU Hong, L Lunney, JK Wilkinson, JW Bao, H Ladinig, A Stothard, P Plastow, G Harding, JCS AF Hong, L. Lunney, J. K. Wilkinson, J. W. Bao, H. Ladinig, A. Stothard, P. Plastow, G. Harding, J. C. S. TI Confirmation of genome wide analysis of transcriptional responses to Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in a pregnant gilt model. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P6031 BP 164 EP 164 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4164x UT WOS:000392665800320 ER PT J AU Bao, H Kommadath, A Choi, I Lunney, JK Reecy, JM Fritz-Waters, E Eisley, CJ Tuggle, CK Koltes, JE Rowland, RRR Dekkers, JCM Guan, LL Stothard, P Plastow, G AF Bao, H. Kommadath, A. Choi, I. Lunney, J. K. Reecy, J. M. Fritz-Waters, E. Eisley, C. J. Tuggle, C. K. Koltes, J. E. Rowland, R. R. R. Dekkers, J. C. M. Guan, L. L. Stothard, P. Plastow, G. TI Associations between cis-expression quantitative trait loci markers and host response to Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P6034 BP 165 EP 166 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4165a UT WOS:000392665800323 ER PT J AU Mousel, MR White, SN Knowles, DP White, SN Knowles, DP Gonzalez, MV Reynolds, JO Gonzalez, MV Taylor, JB AF Mousel, M. R. White, S. N. Knowles, D. P. White, S. N. Knowles, D. P. Gonzalez, M. V. Reynolds, J. O. Gonzalez, M. V. Taylor, J. B. TI Genome association of domestic sheep eosinophils with known parasite resistance QTL. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P6033 BP 165 EP 165 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4165x UT WOS:000392665800322 ER PT J AU Massa, AT Highland, MA Knowles, DP White, SN Mousel, MR Highland, MA Reynolds, JO Knowles, DP White, SN Taylor, JB AF Massa, A. T. Highland, M. A. Knowles, D. P. White, S. N. Mousel, M. R. Highland, M. A. Reynolds, J. O. Knowles, D. P. White, S. N. Taylor, J. B. TI Dine mapping a sheep genomic locus involved in viral restriction of ovine lentivirus. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 SU 4 MA P6045 BP 171 EP 171 DI 10.2134/jas2016.94supplement4171x UT WOS:000392665800334 ER PT J AU Knox, BP Blachowicz, A Palmer, JM Romsdahl, J Huttenlocher, A Wang, CCC Keller, NP Venkateswaran, K AF Knox, Benjamin P. Blachowicz, Adriana Palmer, Jonathan M. Romsdahl, Jillian Huttenlocher, Anna Wang, Clay C. C. Keller, Nancy P. Venkateswaran, Kasthuri TI Characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates from Air and Surfaces of the International Space Station SO MSPHERE AB One mission of the Microbial Observatory Experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) is to examine the traits and diversity of fungal isolates to gain a better understanding of how fungi may adapt to microgravity environments and how this may affect interactions with humans in a closed habitat. Here, we report an initial characterization of two isolates, ISSFT-021 and IF1SW-F4, of Aspergillus fumigatus collected from the ISS and a comparison to the experimentally established clinical isolates Af293 and CEA10. Whole-genome sequencing of ISSFT-021 and IF1SW-F4 showed 54,960 and 52,129 single nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively, compared to Af293, which is consistent with observed genetic heterogeneity among sequenced A. fumigatus isolates from diverse clinical and environmental sources. Assessment of in vitro growth characteristics, secondary metabolite production, and susceptibility to chemical stresses revealed no outstanding differences between ISS and clinical strains that would suggest special adaptation to life aboard the ISS. Virulence assessment in a neutrophil-deficient larval zebrafish model of invasive aspergillosis revealed that both ISSFT-021 and IF1SW-F4 were significantly more lethal than Af293 and CEA10. Taken together, these genomic, in vitro, and in vivo analyses of two A. fumigatus strains isolated from the ISS provide a benchmark for future investigations of these strains and for continuing research on specific microbial isolates from manned space environments. IMPORTANCE As durations of manned space missions increase, it is imperative to understand the long-term consequence of microbial exposure on human health in a closed human habitat. To date, studies aimed at bacterial and fungal contamination of space vessels have highlighted species compositions biased toward hardy, persistent organisms capable of withstanding harsh conditions. In the current study, we assessed traits of two independent Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from the International Space Station. Ubiquitously found in terrestrial soil and atmospheric environments, A. fumigatus is a significant opportunistic fungal threat to human health, particularly among the immunocompromised. Using two well-known clinical isolates of A. fumigatus as comparators, we found that both ISS isolates exhibited normal in vitro growth and chemical stress tolerance yet caused higher lethality in a vertebrate model of invasive disease. These findings substantiate the need for additional studies of physical traits and biological activities of microbes adapted to microgravity and other extreme extraterrestrial conditions. OI Palmer, Jonathan/0000-0003-0929-3658 SN 2379-5042 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 1 IS 5 AR e00227-16 DI 10.1128/mSphere.00227-16 UT WOS:000392586800011 ER PT J AU Orning, EK Young, JK AF Orning, Elizabeth K. Young, Julie K. TI Impacts of coyote removal on space use by greater sage-grouse SO HUMAN-WILDLIFE INTERACTIONS AB Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are in decline across western North America. Identification of management strategies to enhance populations, such as predator management, may be needed to reduce further declines, but unintentional effects associated with increased human activity should also be considered. We evaluated the effect of 3 levels of predator management effort on greater sage-grouse space use. Home range size, movement rate, seasonal movement timing, and inter-seasonal distances traveled were examined as behavioral responses relative to levels of coyote removal in Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. We observed larger home range sizes during brood-rearing but overall smaller annual core (25% density kernel) sizes with higher levels of predator management. We observed higher movement rates, farther inter-seasonal distances traveled, and higher proportions of sage-grouse making inter-seasonal movements with increased predator removal effort. Our findings suggest activities like predator management may influence behavioral and spatial aspects of sage-grouse ecology. Management actions must consider the direct and indirect effects actions taken to improve a population's growth will have on behavior, habitat use, and ultimately, long-term persistence. SN 1934-4392 EI 1936-8046 PD FAL PY 2016 VL 10 IS 2 BP 144 EP 156 UT WOS:000392258500009 ER PT J AU Seamans, TW Blackwell, BF Linnell, KE AF Seamans, Thomas W. Blackwell, Bradley F. Linnell, Kimberly E. TI Use of predator hair to enhance perceived risk to white-tailed deer in a foraging context SO HUMAN-WILDLIFE INTERACTIONS AB Deer react to predator scent in varying degrees even when exposed to unknown predators. This response could be genetically based and maintained as long as the population is exposed to predation. We tested whether predator scent in the form of hair would enhance perceived risk and serve as a foraging repellent to free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). During the winters of 2013 and 2014, we quantified alert behaviors and consumption of whole-kernel corn in response to current (coyote [Canis latrans]) and extirpated (bobcat [Lynx rufus]; black bear [Ursus americanus]) predator species alone and in combination with a partial visual barrier. Due to changes in herd dynamics and weather conditions, we did not compare results between years. We found enhanced alert behavior in all experiments except the 2014 exposure to coyote hair. Alert behaviors were heightened for about 4 days after hair placement. However, corn consumption was reduced only in the 2013 coyote-hair experiment. Our results suggest predator hair, when used alone and in conjunction with a form of visual barrier, can provide an element of protection from deer damage, but energetic needs will override the enhanced perceived risk caused by predator hair. Further work integrating complete visual barriers with predator hair is warranted. SN 1934-4392 EI 1936-8046 PD FAL PY 2016 VL 10 IS 2 BP 300 EP 311 UT WOS:000392258500021 ER PT J AU Kiszonas, AM Morris, CF AF Kiszonas, Alecia M. Morris, Craig F. TI Identifying genetic markers of wheat (Triticum aestivum) associated with flavor preference using a laboratory mouse model SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE AB Whole wheat products provide critical nutrients for human health, but flavor of whole wheat products may hinder consumer acceptance. However, flavor differences among wheat varieties are not well understood. Using a mouse model system, flavor of whole wheat grain was examined using a two-choice feeding system. A bi-parental recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from Clark's Cream x NY6432-18 was used for mapping flavor preference. Clark's Cream is a hard white, and NY6432-18 is a soft white wheat. "Yummy" (cv. Diva soft white) and "yucky" (cv. Macon hard white) varieties were used as 'checks' for evaluating each RIL. Marker-trait association was performed using the Student's t as a preference phenotype from each check-RIL comparison. Twenty-two significant marker associations were found. Because mice prefer softer kernel texture, the effect of the Puroindoline b haplotype and phenotypic kernel texture were used as covariates in analyses. Twenty-eight markers exhibited significant associations in the two covariate analyses, with an additional five having significant associations in both covariate analyses. The results indicate that there is an identifiable genetic basis for flavor preference independent of kernel texture. Identifying flavor genes in Wheat grain may help facilitate the development of varieties with greater palatability for whole-wheat products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0733-5210 EI 1095-9963 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 71 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.08.012 UT WOS:000391898800021 ER PT J AU Heinze, K Kiszonas, AM Murray, JC Morris, CF Lullien-Pellerin, V AF Heinze, K. Kiszonas, A. M. Murray, J. C. Morris, C. F. Lullien-Pellerin, V. TI Puroindoline genes introduced into durum wheat reduce milling energy and change milling behavior similar to soft common wheats SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE AB Grain physical characteristics and milling behavior of a durum wheat line in which both wild-type puroindoline genes were translocated and stabilized after backcrossing (Svevo-Pin) were compared with the parent line (Svevo). The only observed differences between grain characteristics were the mechanical resistance and starchy endosperm porosity revealed through vitreosity measurement. A significant increase of flour and a decrease of semolina yield and break milling energy were observed from Svevo-Pin in comparison with the non-recombinant parent line in accordance to the lower grain mechanical resistance and higher porosity measurements. Moreover, the particle size distribution shown for Svevo-Pin flour appeared consistent with a lower adhesion between starch granules and the protein matrix attributed to the presence of wild-type puroindolines. Coarse bran yield was conversely increased. This appeared to be due to a lower starchy endosperm recovery as a higher proportion of grain starch was found in this bran fraction. Flour from the durum parent line was inversely enriched in phytic acid, a cellular marker of the aleurone layer. Starch damage was also lower in Svevo-Pin flours in comparison with Svevo. All of the observed differences between translocation and parent lines were confirmed independent of the culture growth conditions (n = 12). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Lullien-Pellerin, Valerie/0000-0002-8057-5650 SN 0733-5210 EI 1095-9963 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 71 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.08.016 UT WOS:000391898800025 ER PT J AU Blake, LW Gese, EM AF Blake, Linsey W. Gese, Eric M. TI Cougar Predation Rates and Prey Composition in the Pryor Mountains of Wyoming and Montana SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE AB Understanding predator-prey dynamics is a fundamental principle of ecology and an ideal component for management decisions. Across North America, the impact of cougars (Puma concolor) on their prey varies regionally. To document the relationships between cougars, bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and feral horses (Equus caballus) on the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area and the Pryor Mountains, we deployed GPS collars on 6 cougars (the total number residing on the study area), and visited their clusters to determine predation rates and foraging patterns. We examined the composition of cougar kills by species, mule deer sex-age classes, prey size classes, season, and cougar sex. As a measure of selection, we examined the composition of prey killed relative to the composition of ungulates obtained during an aerial survey. We found mule deer were the primary prey, while bighorn sheep constituted secondary prey. While cougars selected for bighorn sheep, this was attributable to a single cougar. Among mule deer, female cougars killed more does and male cougars killed more bucks. Family groups had the highest predation rates (i.e., the shortest time intervals between kills), while adult males had the lowest rate. During the study, cougars were not depredating any feral horses in the area. Maintaining predator and prey numbers will require agencies to monitor and manage all fauna within this complex ecosystem. Habitat manipulations may be necessary to increase populations of deer and bighorn sheep, while continued management of feral horses will be required to reduce competition with native ungulates. SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 90 IS 4 BP 394 EP 410 UT WOS:000390559700002 ER PT J AU Vogeler, JC Yang, ZQ Cohen, WB AF Vogeler, Jody C. Yang, Zhiqiang Cohen, Warren B. TI Mapping Suitable Lewis's Woodpecker Nesting Habitat in a Post-Fire Landscape SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE AB As remote sensing mapping products representing important habitat components increase in availability, detail, and accuracy, new opportunities arise to map predicted habitat for forest species of conservation concern. One such species is the Lewis's woodpecker which is a species of conservation interest in multiple states and throughout its range in British Columbia, Canada with habitat loss and degradation proposed as contributing factors in the species decline. The purpose of this study was to model and map Lewis's woodpecker nesting habitat using primary (directly derived) and secondary (modeled using ground calibration data) remote sensing products, as well as contribute to the knowledge of nesting ecology for the species in a source habitat type. We found promise in the utility of lidar and Landsat time series modeled snag and shrub products in conjunction with additional lidar structure and topographic metrics for predicting nesting habitat for the Lewis's woodpecker across a post-fire landscape. Our selected model had a percent correctly classified rate of 83.3% and contained additional variables (variability in canopy cover and topographic slope) to those included in the Fish and Wildlife Service habitat suitability model (HSM) for the species (canopy cover, shrub cover, and density of large snags). We were able to apply the remote sensing products to map realized habitat relationships for this species of conservation concern in an identified source habitat type, providing a potential resource for local scale conservation and management efforts and adding to the regional knowledge of habitat selection for the Lewis's woodpecker. SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 90 IS 4 BP 421 EP 432 UT WOS:000390559700004 ER PT J AU Adenipekun, EO Jackson, CR Ramadan, H Iwalokun, BA Oyedeji, KS Frye, JG Barrett, JB Hiott, LM Woodley, TA Oluwadun, A AF Adenipekun, Eyitayo O. Jackson, Charlene R. Ramadan, Hazem Iwalokun, Bamidele A. Oyedeji, Kolawole S. Frye, Jonathan G. Barrett, John B. Hiott, Lari M. Woodley, Tiffanie A. Oluwadun, Afolabi TI Prevalence and multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli from community-acquired infections in Lagos, Nigeria SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AB Introduction: The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance to >= 2 more antimicrobials) in Escherichia coli is of concern due to complications encountered in treatment. Methodology: In this study, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic characteristics of MDR community isolates of E. coli from Lagos, Nigeria were determined. Urine and stool samples were obtained from outpatients attending Lagos State hospitals and from animal handlers in abattoirs, poultries, and open markets, from December 2012 to July 2013. Results: Approximately 50% of urine (200/394) and 88% of stool samples (120/136) were positive for E. coli. Based upon beta-lactamase production, a subset of those isolates was selected for further study. Of the 22 antimicrobials tested, E. coli exhibited resistance to all antimicrobials except amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam. The highest levels of resistance were to tetracycline (182/247; 73.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (152/247; 61.5%), and ampicillin (147/247; 59.1%). Resistance to the cephalosporins ranged from 1.6%-15% including the third-and fourth-generation cephalosporins, cefpodoxime (20/247; 8.1%) and cefepime (4/247; 1.6%), respectively. MDR was observed in 69.6% (172/247) of the isolates. Forty-eight E. coli resistant to at least five antimicrobials were selected for further analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; seven distinct clusters were observed among the diverse patterns. Of the 48 MDR E. coli, 30 different sequence types (ST) were detected using multilocus sequence typing, including four ST131. Conclusions: This study demonstrated circulating MDR E. coli in the Nigerian community. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries is necessary to optimize empiric treatment and the prudent use of antimicrobials. OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 SN 1972-2680 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 9 BP 920 EP 931 DI 10.3855/jidc.7997 UT WOS:000390269400005 PM 27694724 ER PT J AU Danziger, J Young, RL Shea, KM Duprez, DA Jacobs, DR Tracy, RP Ix, JH Jenny, NS Mukamal, KJ AF Danziger, John Young, Rebekah L. Shea, Kyla M. Duprez, Daniel A. Jacobs, David R. Tracy, Russell P. Ix, Joachim H. Jenny, Nancy S. Mukamal, Kenneth J. TI Circulating Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin is not associated with cardiovascular calcification or stiffness: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Background and aims: Vitamin K-dependent protein (VKDP) activity may have a role in preventing cardiovascular calcification, but has not previously been studied in large, generally healthy populations. Methods: Using an elevated ankle-brachial index (ABI) as a measure of medial vascular calcification, we performed a case-cohort analysis within the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, measuring Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) to estimate VKDP activity. In secondary analyses of the weighted subcohort, we examined the cross-sectional associations between DCP and prevalent vascular calcification of the coronary vessels, aortic and mitral valves, and aortic wall, and with vascular stiffness. Results: In adjusted analysis, cases (n = 104) had 0.21 ng/ml (-0.94-0.52) lower DCP concentrations than the subcohort (n = 613). Furthermore, amongst the 717 participants in the weighted cohort, VKDP activity was not associated with coronary artery, mitral valve, aortic valve or aortic wall calcification, nor was it associated with vascular stiffness. Conclusions: Our negative results do not support a role of circulating VKDP activity in cardiovascular calcification in community-dwelling adults. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. OI Jacobs, David/0000-0002-7232-0543 SN 0021-9150 EI 1879-1484 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 252 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.924 UT WOS:000389480300010 PM 27508317 ER PT J AU Dinkel, KD Stanton, JB Boykin, DW Stephens, CE Madsen-Bouterse, SA Schneider, DA AF Dinkel, Kelcey D. Stanton, James B. Boykin, David W. Stephens, Chad E. Madsen-Bouterse, Sally A. Schneider, David A. TI Antiprion Activity of DB772 and Related Monothiophene- and Furan-Based Analogs in a Persistently Infected Ovine Microglia Culture System SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY AB The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the misfolding of the native cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the accumulating, disease-associated isoform (PrPSc). Despite extensive research into the inhibition of prion accumulation, no effective treatment exists. Previously, we demonstrated the inhibitory activity of DB772, a monocationic phenyl-furan-benzimidazole, against PrPSc accumulation in sheep microglial cells. In an effort to determine the effect of structural substitutions on the antiprion activity of DB772, we employed an in vitro strategy to survey a library of structurally related, monothiophene-and furan-based compounds for improved inhibitory activity. Eighty-nine compounds were screened at 1 mu M for effects on cell viability and prion accumulation in a persistently infected ovine microglia culture system. Eleven compounds with activity equivalent to or higher than that of DB772 were identified as preliminary hit compounds. For the preliminary hits, cytotoxicities and antiprion activities were compared to calculate the tissue culture selectivity index. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis was performed to determine molecular components contributing to antiprion activity. To investigate potential mechanisms of inhibition, effects on PrPC and PrPSc were examined. While inhibition of total PrPC was not observed, the results suggest that a potential target for inhibition at biologically relevant concentrations is through PrPC misfolding to PrPSc. Further, SAR analysis suggests that two structural elements were associated with micromolar antiprion activity. Taken together, the described data provide a foundation for deeper investigation into untested DB compounds and in the design of effective therapeutics. RI Stanton, James/A-5277-2011 OI Stanton, James/0000-0002-7661-2631 SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 60 IS 9 BP 5467 EP 5482 DI 10.1128/AAC.00811-16 UT WOS:000389055400044 PM 27381401 ER PT J AU Dargatz, DA Kopral, CA Erdman, MM Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Dargatz, David A. Kopral, Christine A. Erdman, Matthew M. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. TI Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolated from Cattle Feces in United States Feedlots in 2011 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE AB The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella spp. isolated from feces of cattle in feedlots in the United States. Fecal samples were collected from up to three pens of cattle in each of 68 feedlots in 12 states. Samples included up to 25 individual fecal pats from the pen floors and up to five composite samples from the floors of the same pens. The prevalence of Salmonella-positive samples was 9.1% (460/5050) and 11.3% (114/1009) for individual and composite samples, respectively. The prevalences of Salmonella at the pen level were 35.6% (72/202) and 22.8% (46/202) for individual and composite samples, respectively. Dietary factors, including inclusion of cottonseed hulls, coccidiostats, and antimicrobial drugs, were associated with differences in prevalence of Salmonella isolation. Overall, 32 serotypes of Salmonella were identified, but six serotypes accounted for 69.1% (495/716) of the isolates. Nearly two-thirds (64.7%, 44/68) of feedlots had at least one positive sample. All isolates were evaluated for susceptibility to a panel of 15 antimicrobial drugs. Most isolates (74.4%, 533/716) were susceptible to all antimicrobial drugs in the panel. When resistance was detected, it was most commonly to tetracycline (21.7%, 155/716 of isolates) or sulfisoxazole (12.4%, 89/716 of isolates). Less than 10% of the isolates were resistant to any other antimicrobials in the panel. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of Salmonella in individual fecal samples was less than 10%, but that Salmonella is widely distributed among feedlot cattle. Furthermore, when Salmonella is present in feedlot cattle, there is a low occurrence of antimicrobial resistance with the exception of tetracycline and sulfisoxazole. More research is indicated to understand the ecology of Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance, when present, in cattle-feeding operations. SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 13 IS 9 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1089/fpd.2016.2128 UT WOS:000383582100003 PM 27464334 ER PT J AU Keelara, S Thakur, S Patel, J AF Keelara, Shivaramu Thakur, Siddhartha Patel, Jitendra TI Biofilm Formation by Environmental Isolates of Salmonella and Their Sensitivity to Natural Antimicrobials SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE AB The objective of this study was to determine reduction of Salmonella in biofilms by essential oils. Biofilm formation of 15 Salmonella isolates from conventional swine farm environment was evaluated by 96-well microtiter plate crystal violet and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assays. Only one of the 15 isolates was a strong biofilm producer as classified by crystal violet assay. All Salmonella isolates formed biofilm on MBEC assay. The curli expression was robust among strains S322 and S435 (Salmonella Infantis), S644, S777, S931, S953, and S977 (Salmonella Typhimurium) as observed by Congo red dye binding assay. The cell hydrophobicity varied with strains and growth phase of the strain; however, there was no significant difference in hydrophobicity of these strains. Natural antimicrobials were evaluated with MBEC assay for their bactericidal efficacy in reducing Salmonella in biofilms. Cinnamaldehyde and sporran at 1000 ppm significantly reduced Salmonella in biofilms. The bactericidal effect of these antimicrobials increased with their concentrations. Salmonella were reduced by 6 log CFU from their initial populations of 7-7.5 log CFU/cm(2) when 2000 ppm concentration of these antimicrobials were used. Salmonella were undetectable when 3000 ppm of cinnamaldehyde or sporran was used. Natural antimicrobials such as cinnamaldehyde and sporran can be used to reduce Salmonella in biofilms. SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 13 IS 9 BP 509 EP 516 DI 10.1089/fpd.2016.2145 UT WOS:000383582100007 PM 27356028 ER PT J AU Cernicchiaro, N Ives, SE Edrington, TS Nagaraja, TG Renter, DG AF Cernicchiaro, Natalia Ives, Samuel E. Edrington, Thomas S. Nagaraja, Tiruvoor G. Renter, David G. TI Efficacy of a Salmonella Siderophore Receptor Protein Vaccine on Fecal Shedding and Lymph Node Carriage of Salmonella in Commercial Feedlot Cattle SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE AB The efficacy of a Salmonella vaccine for reducing fecal shedding of Salmonella during the finishing period and lymph node (LN) carriage at harvest was investigated in commercial feedlot cattle. The study was designed as a pen-level randomized complete block with two treatment groups, a Salmonella Newport siderophore receptor and porin proteins-based vaccine (VAC) and a nonvaccinated control (CON). Cattle were randomly allocated into 24 pens within 12 blocks based on the time of allocation. Twenty to 25 fecal pats were collected from each of the study pen floors once a month from June to August 2013. During harvest, a minimum of 25 sub-iliac LN were collected from carcasses within each study pen. Fecal and pulverized LN samples were cultured for Salmonella quantification and detection. Mixed models were used to analyze the effect of vaccination on fecal shedding and LN carriage of Salmonella. Montevideo and Anatum were the predominant Salmonella serotypes among fecal samples and LNs; no Newport isolates were recovered. Vaccination was not significantly associated (p = 0.57) with the prevalence of Salmonella in feces over time; the mean within-pen prevalence was 62.3% and 66.0% among VAC and CON, respectively. Sampling month was significantly associated (p < 0.01) with fecal prevalence; mean prevalence was 71.4% for June, 48.6% for July, and 70.8% for August. Across all pens, the cumulative prevalence of Salmonella in LN was 86.4%. Vaccination resulted in no significant reduction in LN prevalence (p = 0.52); mean prevalence was 85.7% for VAC and 87.4% for CON groups. Although vaccinated cattle had numerically fewer Salmonella LN and fecal positives, there were no statistically significant vaccine effects. Potential reasons for the lack of vaccine efficacy could include an overwhelming Salmonella exposure, a lack of cross-protection against non-Newport serotypes, and insufficient duration of immunity relative to harvest. SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 13 IS 9 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1089/fpd.2016.2129 UT WOS:000383582100008 PM 27304488 ER PT J AU Abente, EJ Anderson, TK Rajao, DS Swenson, S Gauger, PC Vincent, AL AF Abente, Eugenio J. Anderson, Tavis K. Rajao, Daniela S. Swenson, Sabrina Gauger, Phillip C. Vincent, Amy L. TI The avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus that recently emerged in the United States has limited replication in swine SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES AB Equine-origin H3N8 has circulated in dogs in the United States since 1999. A genetically and antigenically distinct avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza was detected in March of 2015 in Chicago, Illinois. Subsequent outbreaks were reported with over 1000 dogs in the Midwest affected followed by 23 additional states with detections within 5 months. The potential for canine-to-swine transmission was unknown. Experimental infection in pigs showed this virus does not replicate efficiently in swine. OI Abente, Eugenio/0000-0002-3390-2786; de Souza Rajao, Daniela/0000-0002-0772-0065; Anderson, Tavis/0000-0002-3138-5535 SN 1750-2640 EI 1750-2659 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 5 BP 429 EP 432 DI 10.1111/irv.12395 UT WOS:000388754100010 PM 27110913 ER PT J AU Christianson, LE Harmel, RD Smith, D Williams, MR King, K AF Christianson, L. E. Harmel, R. D. Smith, D. Williams, M. R. King, K. TI Assessment and Synthesis of 50 Years of Published Drainage Phosphorus Losses SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AB The prevalence of anthropogenic drainage systems in intensively cropped areas across North America combined with the degradation of important freshwater resources in these regions has created a critical intersection where understanding phosphorus (P) transport in drainage waters is vital. In this study, drainage-associated nutrient load data were retrieved and quantitatively analyzed to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the P loading and crop yield impacts of agronomic management practices within drained landscapes. Using the Drain Load table in the MANAGE (Measured Annual Nutrient loads from AGricultural Environments) database, the effect of factors such as soil characteristics, tillage, and nutrient management on P loading were analyzed. Across site-years, generally less than 2% of applied P was lost in drainage water, which corroborates the order of magnitude difference between agronomic P application rates and P loadings that can cause deleterious water quality impacts. The practice of no-till significantly increased drainage dissolved P loads compared with conventional tillage (0.12 vs. 0.04 kg P ha(-1)). The timing and method of P application are both known to be important for P losses, but these conclusions could not be verified due to low site-year counts. Findings indicate there is a substantial need for additional field-scale studies documenting not only P losses in drainage water but also important cropping management, nutrient application, soil property, and drainage design impacts on such losses. SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1467 EP 1477 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.12.0593 UT WOS:000388944200001 PM 27695749 ER PT J AU Lahue, GT van Kessel, C Linquist, BA Adviento-Borbe, MA Fonte, SJ AF Lahue, Gabriel T. van Kessel, Chris Linquist, Bruce A. Adviento-Borbe, Maria Arlene Fonte, Steven J. TI Residual Effects of Fertilization History Increase Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Zero-N Controls: Implications for Estimating Fertilizer-Induced Emission Factors SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AB Agricultural N fertilization is the dominant driver of increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations over the past half-century, yet there is considerable uncertainty in estimates of N2O emissions from agriculture. Such estimates are typically based on the amount of N applied and a fertilizer-induced emission factor (EF), which is calculated as the difference in emissions between a fertilized plot and a zero-N control plot divided by the amount of N applied. A fertilizer-induced EF of 1% is currently recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) based on several studies analyzing published field measurements of N2O emissions. Although many zero-N control plots used in these measurements received historical N applications, the potential for a residual impact of these inputs on N2O emissions has been largely ignored and remains poorly understood. To address this issue, we compared N2O emissions under laboratory conditions from soils sampled within zero-N control plots that had historically received N inputs versus soils from plots that had no N inputs for 20 yr. Historical N fertilization of zero-N control plots increased initial N2O emissions by roughly one order of magnitude on average relative to historically unfertilized control plots. Higher N2O emissions were positively correlated with extractable N and potentially mineralizable N. This finding suggests that accounting for fertilization history may help reduce the uncertainty associated with the IPCC fertilizer-induced EF and more accurately estimate the contribution of fertilizer N to agricultural N2O emissions, although further research to demonstrate this relationship in the field is needed. SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1501 EP 1508 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.07.0409 UT WOS:000388944200004 PM 27695745 ER PT J AU DeLaune, PB Moore, PA AF DeLaune, P. B. Moore, P. A., Jr. TI Copper and Zinc Runoff from Land Application of Composted Poultry Litter SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AB Regions with long-term animal manure applications based on nitrogen (N) requirements have concerns regarding elevated nutrient levels. Most attention has focused on phosphorus (P), but heavy metal accumulation has received attention due to perceived environmental concerns. Composting is a potential management practice that can reduce total manure mass and volume while creating a stabilized product that has less odor and fewer pathogens. However, composting animal manures can lead to high N loss via ammonia volatilization and increased concentrations of nonvolatile nutrients. The objective of this study was to measure copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in runoff water from plots fertilized with composted and fresh poultry litter. Seven treatments were evaluated in the first year: (i) unfertilized control, (ii) fresh poultry litter, (iii) normal compost (no amendment), (iv) composted litter with alum, (v) composted litter with phosphoric acid, (vi) composted litter with a microbial mixture, and (vii) composted litter with alum + microbial mixture. Six of these treatments were evaluated in Year 2 (alum + microbial mixture was not evaluated in Year 2). Rainfall simulators were used to produce a 5 cm h(-1) storm event sufficient in length to cause 30 min of continuous runoff. Concentrations of Cu and Zn were elevated in compost compared with fresh poultry litter. However, metal concentrations in compost did not correlate well with metal concentrations in runoff water and may have been affected by compost maturity and amendment. Total Cu and Zn concentrations in runoff water did not differ between alumamended compost and fresh poultry litter in each year. SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1565 EP 1571 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.09.0499 UT WOS:000388944200011 PM 27695743 ER PT J AU Jokela, W Sherman, J Cavadini, J AF Jokela, William Sherman, Jessica Cavadini, Jason TI Nutrient Runoff Losses from Liquid Dairy Manure Applied with Low-Disturbance Methods SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AB Manure applied to cropland is a source of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in surface runoff and can contribute to impairment of surface waters. Tillage immediately after application incorporates manure into the soil, which may reduce nutrient loss in runoff as well as N loss via NH3 volatilization. However, tillage also incorporates crop residue, which reduces surface cover and may increase erosion potential. We applied liquid dairy manure in a silage corn (Zea mays L.)-cereal rye (Secale cereal L.) cover crop system in late October using methods designed to incorporate manure with minimal soil and residue disturbance. These include strip-till injection and tine aerator-band manure application, which were compared with standard broadcast application, either incorporated with a disk or left on the surface. Runoff was generated with a portable rainfall simulator (42 mm h(-1) for 30 min) three separate times: (i) 2 to 5 d after the October manure application, (ii) in early spring, and (iii) after tillage and planting. In the postmanure application runoff, the highest losses of total P and dissolved reactive P were from surface-applied manure. Dissolved P loss was reduced 98% by strip-till injection; this result was not statistically different from the no-manure control. Reductions from the aerator band method and disk incorporation were 53 and 80%, respectively. Total P losses followed a similar pattern, with 87% reduction from injected manure. Runoff losses of N had generally similar patterns to those of P. Losses of P and N were, in most cases, lower in the spring rain simulations with fewer significant treatment effects. Overall, results show that low-disturbance manure application methods can significantly reduce nutrient runoff losses compared with surface application while maintaining residue cover better than incorporation by tillage. SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1672 EP 1679 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.09.0498 UT WOS:000388944200022 PM 27695757 ER PT J AU King, KW Williams, MR Dick, WA LaBarge, GA AF King, K. W. Williams, M. R. Dick, W. A. LaBarge, G. A. TI Decreasing Phosphorus Loss in Tile-Drained Landscapes Using Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AB Elevated phosphorus (P) loading from agricultural nonpoint-source pollution continues to impair inland waterbodies throughout the world. The application of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum to agricultural fields has been suggested to decrease P loading because of its high calcium content and P sorbing potential. A before-after control-impact paired field experiment was used to examine the water quality effects of successive FGD gypsum applications (2.24 Mg ha(-1); 1 ton acre(-1) each) to an Ohio field with high soil test P levels (>480 ppm Mehlich-3 P). Analysis of covariance was used to compare event discharge, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total P (TP) concentrations and loadings in surface runoff and tile discharge between the baseline period (86 precipitation events) and Treatment Period 1 (42 precipitation events) and Treatment Period 2 (84 precipitation events). Results showed that, after the first application of FGD gypsum, event mean DRP and TP concentrations in treatment field tile water were significantly reduced by 21 and 10%, respectively, and DRP concentrations in surface runoff were significantly reduced by 14%; however, no significant reductions were noted in DRP or TP loading. After the second application, DRP and TP loads were significantly reduced in surface runoff (DRP, 41%; TP 40%), tile discharge (DRP, 35%; TP, 15%), and combined (surface + tile) discharge (DRP, 36%; TP, 38%). These findings indicate that surface application of FGD gypsum can be used as a tool to address elevated P concentrations and loadings in drainage waters. SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1722 EP 1730 DI 10.2134/jeq2016.04.0132 UT WOS:000388944200028 PM 27695765 ER PT J AU Turner, PA Baker, JM Griffis, TJ Venterea, RT AF Turner, Peter A. Baker, John M. Griffis, Timothy J. Venterea, Rodney T. TI Impact of Kura Clover Living Mulch on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Corn-Soybean System SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AB Nitrous oxide (N2O), produced primarily in agricultural soils, is a potent greenhouse gas and is the dominant ozone-depleting substance. Efforts to reduce N2O emissions are underway, but mitigation results have been inconsistent. The leguminous perennial kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) (KC) can grow side-by-side with cash crops in rotational corn (Zea mays L.)soybean (Glycine max L.) systems. With biological nitrogen fixation, KC provides land managers an opportunity to reduce external fertilizer inputs, which may diminish problematic N2O emissions. To investigate the effect of a KC living mulch on N2O emissions, automated soil chambers coupled to a N2O analyzer were used to measure hourly fluxes from April through October in a 2-yr corn-soybean (CS) rotation. Emissions from the KC treatment were significantly greater than those from the conventional CS treatment despite the fact that the KC treatment received substantially less inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. A seasonal tradeoff was observed with the KC treatment wherein emissions before strip-tillage were reduced but were surpassed by high losses after strip-tillage and postanthesis. These results represent the first reported measurements of N2O emissions from a KC-based living mulch. The findings cast doubt on the efficacy of KC for mitigating N2O loss in CS systems. However, if KC reduces nitrate leaching losses, as has been reported elsewhere, it may result in lower indirect (offsite) N2O emissions. SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1782 EP 1787 DI 10.2134/jeq2016.01.0036 UT WOS:000388944200035 PM 27695759 ER PT J AU Gillette, KL Qian, Y Follett, RF Del Grosso, S AF Gillette, Katrina L. Qian, Yaling Follett, Ronald F. Del Grosso, Stephen TI Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Golf Course Fairway and Rough after Application of Different Nitrogen Fertilizers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AB Few studies have quantified nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from intensively managed turfgrass systems on golf courses. Fertilizer treatments consisting of urea with inhibitors of nitrification and urease (INU), polymer-coated urea (PCU), and uncoated balanced methylene urea (BMU) chain, which use different mechanisms to control the release of N substrate, were applied to a golf course fairway and rough three times during the 2011 growing season at a rate of 50 kg N ha(-1) per application. The vented chamber method was used to measure turf-soil-atmospheric N2O exchange. Cumulative emissions from fairway INU, PCU, and BMU treatments totaled 6.5, 1.9, and 7.6 kg N2O-N ha(-1) yr(-1), representing a 4.02, 1.25, and 4.75% loss of total N applied, respectively. Summer INU and BMU fertilization to the fairway produced the greatest N2O fluxes. Rapid fluxes during the summer were likely related to low physiological activity in cool-season turfgrass and to warm, wet soil conditions that increased denitrification rates. However, PCU applied to the fairway was more resistant to N2O losses than other fertilizer treatments. Fertilizer treatments applied to the rough had cumulative emissions of 2.4, 1.50, and 1.49 kg N2O-N ha(-1) yr(-1) from INU, PCU, and BMU treatments, corresponding to a 1.21, 0.62, and 0.61% loss of total N applied, respectively. The lower N2O emission on roughs was likely associated with greater carbon pools, lower soil moisture, and lower temperatures. This study supports the effectiveness of PCU to reduce N2O emission from cool-season turfgrass fairways when soil conditions favored denitrification during warm periods. Applying INU and BMU when soil was cool and dry was effective in moderating N2O losses. SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1788 EP 1795 DI 10.2134/jeq2016.02.0047 UT WOS:000388944200036 PM 27695764 ER PT J AU Hu, G Evans, CP Satterfield, K Ellberg, S Marshall, JM Obert, DE AF Hu, G. Evans, C. P. Satterfield, K. Ellberg, S. Marshall, J. M. Obert, D. E. TI Registration of 'Kardia', a Two-Rowed Spring Food Barley SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB 'Kardia' (Reg. No. CV-360, PI 675999), a two-rowed spring hulled food barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID, in cooperation with the University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, was released in 2015. Kardia is derived from the cross 03AH3054/98Ab12019' and was advanced through bulk pedigree F-1-F-5. Kardia was tested at the USDA-ARS and all other cooperative trials as line 2Ab09-X06F084-51. Kardia tested across 40 location years and has shown better yield in irrigated condition and similar yield in dryland comparing to the current two-rowed spring hulled food barley cultivar check 'Salute', but it has lower yield than 'Baronesse', a feed barley check. Kardia, however, has shown significantly higher beta-glucan content than Salute. Kardia could be a good hulled cultivar and a better alternative than Salute in the food barley production market. SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.3198/jpr2015.12.0073crc UT WOS:000389150000001 ER PT J AU Brooks, WS Vaughn, ME Berger, GL Griffey, CA Thomason, WE Pitman, RM Malla, S Seago, JE Dunaway, DW Rucker, EG Behl, HD Beahm, BR Browning, PW Schmale, DG McMaster, N Hardiman, TH Custis, JT Starner, DE Gulick, SA Ashburn, SR Jones, EH Marshall, DS Fountain, MO Tuong, TD Kurantz, MJ Moreau, RA Hicks, KB AF Brooks, W. S. Vaughn, M. E. Berger, G. L. Griffey, C. A. Thomason, W. E. Pitman, R. M. Malla, S. Seago, J. E. Dunaway, D. W. Rucker, E. G. Behl, H. D. Beahm, B. R. Browning, P. W., Jr. Schmale, D. G., III McMaster, N. Hardiman, T. H. Custis, J. T. Starner, D. E. Gulick, S. A. Ashburn, S. R. Jones, E. H., Jr. Marshall, D. S. Fountain, M. O. Tuong, T. D. Kurantz, M. J. Moreau, R. A. Hicks, K. B. TI Registration of 'Secretariat' Winter Barley SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB 'Secretariat' (Reg. No. CV-359, PI 673931) is a six-row hulled winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and released in May 2014. Secretariat, formerly designated VA08B-85, was derived from the cross VA00B-199/VA00B-259 and developed using a modified bulk breeding method. It was evaluated from 2012 to 2015 in the Virginia Official Variety Trials at five to six locations. Secretariat's average grain yield (5907 kg ha(-1)) was higher than the check cultivars 'Atlantic', 'Price', 'Callao', 'Nomini', and 'Wysor' and similar to 'Thoroughbred'. Average grain volume weight of Secretariat (61.1 kg hL(-1)) was similar to Thoroughbred, Atlantic, Price, and Callao and higher than Nomini and Wysor. Head emergence of Secretariat is 6 d earlier than the predominant cultivar Thoroughbred. Earlier maturity is a primary factor determining whether barley or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is used in double-cropping systems with soybean [Glycine max (Merr.) L.]. Grain of Secretariat produced an average starch concentration (56.9%) that was higher than Price and Callao, similar to Atlantic, but lower than Thoroughbred. Secretariat provides barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with a high-yielding, widely adapted, early-maturing winter barley cultivar that has good grain quality and is highly resistant to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia hordei G. Otth) and powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal]. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.3198/jpr2016.03.0017crc UT WOS:000389150000002 ER PT J AU Zhang, JF Wedegaertner, T Idowu, OJ Flynn, R Hughs, SE Jones, DC AF Zhang, Jinfa Wedegaertner, Tom Idowu, Omololu J. Flynn, Robert Hughs, Sidney E. Jones, Don C. TI Registration of 'NuMex COT 15 GLS' Glandless Cotton SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB The New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of 'NuMex COT 15 GLS' (Reg. CV-132, PI 678371), a glandless cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar that carries the incomplete dominant glandless allele Gl(2)(e). NuMex COT 15 GLS was derived from an advanced backcross progeny of a cross between the Gl(2)(e) allele donor 'Bahtim 110' (G. barbadense) and glanded Upland cotton 'CRI 12', followed by five backcrosses with glanded Upland 'CRI 35' as the recurrent parent. In the advanced backcross population, the conventional NuMex COT 15 GLS was selected as a glandless progeny out of a mixture of glandless and glanded plants, followed by further testing for adventitious presence of genetically engineered biotech traits controlled by insect-resistant Bt gene(s) and herbicide-tolerant gene(s). This new cultivar was tested in four replicated field trials in New Mexico in 2013 to 2014 and in 11 tests across nine states in 2014. As compared to glandless 'Acala GLS', NuMex COT 15 GLS yielded 50% more lint, and it produced 90% of that of glanded 'Acala 1517-08'. Its fiber quality is classified as a medium to long staple with strong fiber strength and high uniformity, similar to other commercial medium staple cultivars, but it was inferior to both Acala cultivars. It had higher fiber elongation than most commercial cultivars tested in New Mexico. NuMex COT 15 GLS responded to thrips (Thrips or Frankliniella spp.) and Verticillium wilt (caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) similarly to Acala 1517-08 and Acala GLS. The release of NuMex GLS represents the first glandless Upland cotton cultivar carrying the introgressed incomplete dominant glandless allele Gl(2)(e) from G. barbadense with acceptable yield and fiber quality traits in the United States. SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.3198/jpr2015.10.0067crc UT WOS:000389150000003 ER PT J AU Zhang, JF Flynn, R Hughs, SE Jones, DC AF Zhang, Jinfa Flynn, Robert Hughs, Sidney E. Jones, Don C. TI Registration of 'Acala 1517-16 B2RF', a New Acala Cotton Cultivar with Insect and Herbicide Resistance SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB Insect pests and weeds cause significant yield losses in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production. The New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of an insect-resistant and glyphosate herbicide-tolerant Acala cotton cultivar, 'Acala 1517-16 B2RF' (Reg. No. CV-133, PI 678370), possessing Bollguard II (BGII or B2) and Roundup-Ready Flex (RF) traits. Cotton with the B2 trait has an excellent season-long in-plant protection against pink bollworm [Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.)], tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens F.), American bollworm [Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)], and glyphosate and an improved resistance to beet armyworm [Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)], soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens Walker), and bollworm (H. zea Boddie). The new cultivar was selected as a progeny row derived from a backcross BC3F3 between a Monsanto B2RF donor and NM 970123 as the recurrent parent. Acala 1517-16 B2RF was tested in 11 replicated field trials in New Mexico from 2007 to 2009, one field test in the High Plains of Texas, and nine locations outside of the Southwest region in 2009. Acala 1517-16 B2RF had similar lint yield to 'Acala 1517-99W' containing two Bt genes and two conventional cultivars 'Acala 1517-08' and 'PHY 72 Acala'. The most improved trait was its greater boll weight. In general, Acala 1517-16 B2RF had similar fiber quality to the three checks in most of the tests, but its fibers were coarser than Acala 1517-99W and finer than Acala 1517-08 and PHY 72 Acala. This insect-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant Acala cotton cultivar is best adapted to the U.S. Southwest arid region of the Cotton Belt, where conventional Acala 1517 cultivars are grown. SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 228 EP 232 DI 10.3198/jpr2016.01.0005crc UT WOS:000389150000004 ER PT J AU Carter, TE Todd, SM Gillen, AM AF Carter, T. E., Jr. Todd, S. M. Gillen, A. M. TI Registration of 'USDA-N8002' Soybean Cultivar with High Yield and Abiotic Stress Resistance Traits SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB 'USDA-N8002' (Reg. No. CV-519, PI 676972) is a conventional maturity-group (MG) VIII soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed and released by the USDA-ARS in September 2015. USDA-N8002 is the first North American MG VIII soybean cultivar exhibiting drought resistance and high yield potential. It is the first U.S. release derived from PI 471938 (25% by pedigree) and the second MG VIII release derived from PI 416937 (12.5% by pedigree). USDA-N8002 exhibits slow or delayed canopy-wilting, sustained N fixation during drought stress, and a water-conserving transpiration response when exposed to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. USDA-N8002 is an F-4-derived cultivar from a cross ofand the North Carolina Official Variety Tests MG VII-VIII (NC-OVT). US USDA-ARS cultivar N7002 and USDA-ARS breeding line N98-7265. USDA-N8002 was yield tested in a total of 74 environments across the southeastern United States in the United Soybean Board Southern Soybean Diversity Yield Trials MGVII-VIII (Diversity Trials), the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests-Southern States, Uniform Group VIII (Uniform Tests), DA-N8002 yielded 7% greater (p < 0.05) than the check cultivar N8001 in the Uniform Tests, 5% greater in the NC-OVT (p < 0.05), and 5% greater in the Diversity Trials (p = 0.09). The diverse ancestry, drought resistance, and high yield potential of this release suggest it can provide new options for soybean breeding and production in the southeastern United States. SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 238 EP 245 DI 10.3198/jpr2015.09.0057crc UT WOS:000389150000006 ER PT J AU Mian, MAR McHale, LK Michel, AP Dorrance, AE AF Mian, M. A. Rouf McHale, Leah K. Michel, Andy P. Dorrance, Anne E. TI Registration of 'Wyandot-14' Soybean with Resistance to Soybean Aphid and Powdery Mildew SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB 'Wyandot-14' soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV-520, PI 676304) with resistance to soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) biotypes 1 and 2 and resistance to powdery mildew (caused by Microsphaera diffusa Cooke & Peck) was jointly released by the USDA-ARS and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center as a late maturity group (MG) II (2.9) food-grade conventional cultivar. Soybean aphid is a major insect pest of soybean in the United States. The objective of this research was to incorporate soybean aphid and powdery mildew resistance into the popular food-grade soybean cultivar Wyandot. Wyandot-14 was developed by backcrossing the Rag2 and Rmd_PI243540 alleles for resistance to soybean aphid and powdery mildew, respectively, from PI 243540 into Wyandot. Compared to Wyandot, Wyandot-14 showed no yield drag in the absence of soybean aphid and/or powdery mildew pressures. In soybean aphid-infested fields, Wyandot-14 had significantly (p = 0.05) higher yield than Wyandot. Like Wyandot, Wyandot-14 has white flowers, gray pubescence, brown pods, round seed with a shiny yellow seed coat, and a yellow (clear) hilum, and it has an indeterminate growth habit. Wyandot-14 should be an excellent replacement for Wyandot. SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.3198/jpr2015.09.0059crc UT WOS:000389150000007 ER PT J AU Gordon, VS Comstock, JC Sandhu, HS Gilbert, RA Sood, S Korndorfer, P El-Hout, N Arundale, R AF Gordon, Vanessa S. Comstock, Jack C. Sandhu, Hardev S. Gilbert, Robert A. Sood, Sushma Korndorfer, Pedro El-Hout, Nael Arundale, Rebecca TI Registration of 'UFCP 84-1047' Sugarcane for Use as a Biofuel Feedstock SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB 'UFCP 84-1047' (Reg. No. CV-168, PI 674424) sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) was released by the USDA-ARS, Canal Point (CP), FL, and the University of Florida (UF) for its potential use in cellulosic ethanol production. UFCP 84-1047 is a high-fiber sugarcane clone, which was developed to produce genetic diversity in a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production in Florida. The UFCP 84-1047 clone results from a CP 78-0349 x Mandalay cross. UFCP 84-1047 is highly resistant to smut (caused by Sporisorium scitamineum) with significantly lower infestation than the reference check 'L 79-1002' following both naturally occurring environmental and artificial inoculations. UFCP 84-1047 was also resistant, or moderately resistant, to several other sugarcane diseases including brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. and P. Syd.), orange rust [caused by P. kuehnii (Kruger) E. Butler], leaf scald (caused by Xanthomonas albilinenas [Ashby] Dawson), and Sugarcane mosaic virus. Mean dry biomass yield of UFCP 84-1047 was approximately 11% greater than L 79-1002. Plant composition of UFCP 84-1047 was very similar to L 79-1002. UFCP 84-1047 was released to be cultivated on marginal or sandy soils of Florida for cellulosic ethanol production. SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.3198/jpr2015.03.0021crc UT WOS:000389150000008 ER PT J AU Gordon, VS Comstock, JC Sandhu, HS Gilbert, RA Sood, SG Korndorfer, P El-Hout, N Arundale, R AF Gordon, Vanessa S. Comstock, Jack C. Sandhu, Hardev S. Gilbert, Robert A. Sood, Sushma G. Korndorfer, Pedro El-Hout, Nael Arundale, Rebecca TI Registration of 'UFCP 87-0053' Sugarcane for Use as a Biofuel Feedstock SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB 'UFCP 87-0053' (Reg. No. CV-166; PI 674425) sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivar was released by the USDA-ARS, Canal Point (CP), FL, and the University of Florida (UF) for its potential use in cellulosic ethanol production. UFCP 87-0053 is a high-fiber sugarcane clone, which was developed to produce genetic diversity in a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production in Florida. The UFCP 87-0053 clone results from a CP cross of unknown parents, yet it can be distinguished molecularly, and is genotypically distinct, from other energy cane cultivars released concurrently. UFCP 87-0053 is highly resistant to smut (caused by Sporisorium scitamineum). in field conditions, with significantly lower infestation than the reference cultivar L 79-1002. Following both naturally occurring environmental and artificial inoculations. UFCP 870053 was also resistant, or moderately resistant, to several other sugarcane diseases, including brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. and P. Syd.), orange rust [P. kuehnii (Kruger) E. Butler], leaf scald [caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dawson], and Sugarcane mosaic virus. Mean dry biomass yield of UFCP 87-0053 was approximately 5% greater than L 79-1002. Plant composition of UFCP 87-0053 was similar to L 79-1002. UFCP 87-0053 was released to be cultivated on marginal or sandy soils of Florida for cellulosic ethanol production. SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.3198/jpr2015.03.0022crc UT WOS:000389150000009 ER PT J AU Sandhu, H McCord, P Comstock, J Edme, S Zhao, DL Singh, M Davidson, W Sood, S Glynn, N Gilbert, R Gordon, V Baltazar, M McCorkle, K AF Sandhu, Hardev McCord, Per Comstock, Jack Edme, Serge Zhao, Duli Singh, Maninder Davidson, Wayne Sood, Sushma Glynn, Neil Gilbert, Robert Gordon, Vanessa Baltazar, Miguel McCorkle, Katherine TI Registration of 'CP 07-2137' Sugarcane SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB 'CP 07-2137' (Reg. No. CV-167, PI 676024) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was released in September 2014 to be cultivated on sandy soils (Entisols) in Florida. CP 07-2137 was developed through a collaborative cultivar development program of the USDA-ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugarcane League, Inc. based at Canal Point (CP), FL. The female parent of CP 07-2137 is CP 01-2390, a promising experimental clone on sand that was not released commercially due to its susceptibility to smut disease (caused by Sporisorium scitamineum). The male parent is a commercial sugarcane cultivar CP 84-1198, cultivated on both muck (Histosols) and sand. CP 07-2137 was released due to its significantly greater cane yield, sucrose yield, and economic index than the reference check ('CP 78-1628'), which is continuously to be the most favorable CP cultivar on sand for last several years. Overall mean cane yield, sucrose yield and economic index in CP 07-2137 were 37, 44, and 45% greater than CP 78-1628, respectively. CP 07-2137 is also resistant to orange rust [caused by Puccinia kuehnii (Kruger) E. Butler] and leaf scald [caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson] diseases. Although the Bru1 gene (brown rust resistance gene) was absent, CP 07-2137 is moderately resistant to brown rust (caused by P. melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd.). CP 07-2137 had poor freeze tolerance, ranking 48th in plant cane and 40th in first ratoon among 54 genotypes tested for their deterioration in sucrose content after exposure to freezing temperatures. SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.3198/jpr2015.07.0046crc UT WOS:000389150000010 ER PT J AU Baenziger, PS Graybosch, RA Regassa, T Klein, RN Kruger, GR Santra, DK Xu, L Rose, DJ Wegulo, SN Jin, Y Kolmer, J Hein, GL Chen, MS Bai, G Bowden, RL Poland, J AF Baenziger, P. S. Graybosch, R. A. Regassa, T. Klein, R. N. Kruger, G. R. Santra, D. K. Xu, L. Rose, D. J. Wegulo, S. N. Jin, Y. Kolmer, J. Hein, G. L. Chen, M. -S. Bai, G. Bowden, R. L. Poland, J. TI Registration of 'NE05548' (Husker Genetics Brand Panhandle) Hard Red Winter Wheat SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB Western Nebraska wheat producers and those in adjacent areas want taller wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars that retain their height under drought for better harvestability. 'NE05548' (Reg. No. CV-1117, PI 670462) hard red winter wheat was developed cooperatively by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS and released in January 2014 by the developing institutions. NE05548 was released primarily for its superior performance under rainfed conditions in western Nebraska and adjacent areas of the Great Plains and its tall plant stature. NE05548 was selected from the cross NE97426/NE98574 made in 1999 where the pedigree of NE97426 is 'Brigantina'/2*'Arapahoe' and the pedigree of NE98574 is CO850267/'Rawhide'. The F-1 generation was grown in the greenhouse in 2000, and the F-2 to F-3 generations were advanced using the bulk breeding method in the field at Mead, NE, in 2001 to 2002. In 2003, single F-3-derived F-4 head rows were grown for selection. There was no further selection thereafter. The F-3:5 was evaluated as a single four-row plot at Lincoln, NE, and a single row at Mead, NE, in 2004. In 2005, it was assigned the experimental line number NE05548. NE05548 was evaluated in replicated trials thereafter. It has excellent winter survival, acceptable disease reactions to many of the common diseases in its target area, and acceptable end-use quality for bread making. RI Regassa, Teshome /D-6476-2015; OI Poland, Jesse/0000-0002-7856-1399 SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 276 EP 282 DI 10.3198/jpr2016.01.0006crc UT WOS:000389150000012 ER PT J AU Zhang, GR Martin, TJ Fritz, AK Miller, R Chen, MS Bowden, RL Bai, GH AF Zhang, Guorong Martin, Terry J. Fritz, Allan K. Miller, Rebecca Chen, Ming-Shun Bowden, Robert L. Bai, Guihua TI Registration of 'Joe' Hard White Winter Wheat SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB 'Joe' (Reg. No. CV-1119, PI 676270) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at the Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2015. Joe was selected from a single cross of KS04HW101-3/KS04HW119-3 made in 2005 at Hays, KS. The objective of this cross was to develop a hard white winter wheat cultivar with adaptation to dryland production in western Kansas. Joe was developed using a modified bulk breeding method. Joe is an F-6-derived line with experimental number KS11HW39-5-4, and it was tested in yield trials from 2010 to 2015. Joe is medium late and medium tall with a medium high test weight and medium protein concentration. Its milling and baking quality is acceptable to good. Joe was released because of its high grain yield potential in western Kansas and its good resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Westend.), leaf rust (caused by P. triticina f. sp. tritici Ericks.), and Wheat streak mosaic virus. SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.3198/jpr2016.02.0007crc UT WOS:000389150000013 ER PT J AU Gillen, AM Mengistu, A Smith, JR Paris, RL AF Gillen, Anne M. Mengistu, Alemu Smith, James R. Paris, Robert L. TI Registration of DT99-16864 Soybean Germplasm Line with Moderate Resistance to Charcoal Rot [Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.] SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., is a disease that is a worldwide problem in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production for which no highly resistant cultivars are currently available. It has been estimated that charcoal rot was among the most important diseases for suppressing yield of soybean in the USA from 1996 to 2007. Soybean breeding line DT99-16864 (Reg. No. GP-404, PI 675996), with moderate resistance to charcoal rot disease, was developed and released by the USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS. DT99-16864 originated from a single F-5 plant derived from a cross of 'S59-60' x 'Bolivar'. The breeding population was advanced from the F-2 to the F-5 generation using the single-seed descent method. Colony-forming units, root and stem severity scores, and other rating methods indicated that DT99-16864 had significantly lower levels of M. phaseolina infection than susceptible checks in trials in Stoneville, MS, and Jackson, TN. In the Uniform Soybean Tests-Southern States, DT99-16864 was not significantly different from the check cultivars '5002T' and '5601T' for yield. DT99-16864 belongs to maturity group V and is later in maturity than DT97-4290, a moderately resistant charcoal rot line that is adapted to the midsouthern United States. The well-documented moderate resistance of DT99-16864 to M. phaseolina infestation, and good yield potential, will make this line useful for research and breeding. SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.3198/jpr2016.01.0002crg UT WOS:000389150000018 ER PT J AU Jia, Y Berger, G McClung, A AF Jia, Y. Berger, G. McClung, A. TI Registration of 42 Blast Resistant Medium Grain Rice Genetic Stocks with Suitable Agronomic, Yield, Milling Yield, and Seed Characteristics SO Journal of Plant Registrations AB Rice blast disease caused by the filamentous ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Cav. [Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) Barr.] is one of the most threatening rice (Oryza sativa L.) diseases in the southern United States. Forty-two rice blast resistant genetic stocks (Reg. No. GS-34 to Reg. No. GS-75, GSOR 102501 to GSOR 102542) were developed and released by the USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR. The genetic stocks were developed from a cross of 'M-202' (PI 494105), a medium grain cultivar of premium quality, with the blast resistant long grain rice cultivar Katy (PI 527707), followed by five generations of backcrossing to the medium grain parent M-202. Two progenies of each of the 22 BC5F1 were genotyped with simple sequence repeat markers and evaluated with blast pathogen to verify the existence of the large blast resistance gene cluster on chromosome 12 being inherited from Katy. A total of 42 BC5F2 progenies resistant to blast were grown under field conditions during 2013 to 2014 at Stuttgart for agronomic and grain quality characterization. Agronomic traits, yield components, seed characteristics, yield, and milling quality of these lines were very similar to M-202. The genetic stocks will be useful for rice breeders to develop new medium grain cultivars with broad spectrum blast resistance. SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 316 EP 324 DI 10.3198/jpr2016.03.0015crgs UT WOS:000389150000019 ER PT J AU Thangthaeng, N Poulose, SM Miller, MG Shukitt-Hale, B AF Thangthaeng, Nopporn Poulose, Shibu M. Miller, Marshall G. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara TI Preserving Brain Function in Aging: The Anti-glycative Potential of Berry Fruit SO NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE AB Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are naturally occurring macromolecules that are formed in vivo by the non-enzymatic modification of proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids by sugar, even in the absence of hyper-glycemia. In the diet, AGEs are found in animal products, and additional AGEs are produced when those foods are cooked at high temperatures. Studies have linked AGEs to various age-related physiological changes, including wrinkles, diabetic complications, and neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease. Dietary berry fruits have been shown to reduce the severity or slow the progression of many physiological changes and disease pathologies that accompany aging. Emerging evidence has shown that the phytochemicals found in berry fruits exhibit anti-glycative activity. In this review, we briefly summarize the current evidence supporting the neuroprotective anti-glycative activity of berry fruits and their potential to preserve cognitive function during aging. SN 1535-1084 EI 1559-1174 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 18 IS 3 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s12017-016-8400-3 UT WOS:000387851700018 PM 27166828 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Libeskind-Hadas, R Hulcr, J Bateman, C Kasson, MT Ploetz, RC Konkol, JL Ploetz, JN Carrillo, D Campbell, A Duncan, RE Liyanage, PNH Eskalen, A Lynch, SC Geiser, DM Freeman, S Mendel, Z Sharon, M Aoki, T Cosse, AA Rooney, AP AF O'Donnell, Kerry Libeskind-Hadas, Ran Hulcr, Jiri Bateman, Craig Kasson, Matthew T. Ploetz, Randy C. Konkol, Joshua L. Ploetz, Jill N. Carrillo, Daniel Campbell, Alina Duncan, Rita E. Liyanage, Pradeepa N. H. Eskalen, Akif Lynch, Shannon C. Geiser, David M. Freeman, Stanley Mendel, Zvi Sharon, Michal Aoki, Takayuki Cosse, Allard A. Rooney, Alejandro P. TI Invasive Asian Fusarium - Euwallacea ambrosia beetle mutualists pose a serious threat to forests, urban landscapes and the avocado industry SO PHYTOPARASITICA AB Several species of the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) cultivate Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC) species in their galleries as a source of food. Like all other scolytine beetles in the tribe Xyleborini, Euwallacea are thought to be obligate mutualists with their fungal symbionts. Published diversification-time estimates suggest that the Euwallacea - Fusarium symbiosis evolved once approximately 21 million years ago. Female Euwallacea possess paired oral mycangia within which foundresses transport their Fusarium symbiont vertically from their natal gallery to new woody hosts. During the past two decades, exotic Asian Euwallacea - Fusarium mutualists have been introduced into the United States, Israel and Australia. Because these invasive pests attack and can reproduce on living woody hosts, they pose a serious threat to native forests, urban landscapes and the avocado industry. SN 0334-2123 EI 1876-7184 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 44 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1007/s12600-016-0543-0 UT WOS:000388729200001 ER PT J AU Dong, LL Huo, NX Wang, Y Deal, K Wang, DW Hu, TZ Dvorak, J Anderson, OD Luo, MC Gu, YQ AF Dong, Lingli Huo, Naxin Wang, Yi Deal, Karin Wang, Daowen Hu, Tiezhu Dvorak, Jan Anderson, Olin D. Luo, Ming-Cheng Gu, Yong Q. TI Rapid evolutionary dynamics in a 2.8-Mb chromosomal region containing multiple prolamin and resistance gene families in Aegilops tauschii SO PLANT JOURNAL AB Prolamin and resistance gene families are important in wheat food use and in defense against pathogen attacks, respectively. To better understand the evolution of these multi-gene families, the DNA sequence of a 2.8-Mb genomic region, representing an 8.8 cM genetic interval and harboring multiple prolamin and resistance-like gene families, was analyzed in the diploid grass Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome donor of bread wheat. Comparison with orthologous regions from rice, Brachypodium, and sorghum showed that the Ae. tauschii region has undergone dramatic changes; it has acquired more than 80 non-syntenic genes and only 13 ancestral genes are shared among these grass species. These non-syntenic genes, including prolamin and resistance-like genes, originated from various genomic regions and likely moved to their present locations via sequence evolution processes involving gene duplication and translocation. Local duplication of non-syntenic genes contributed significantly to the expansion of gene families. Our analysis indicates that the insertion of prolamin-related genes occurred prior to the separation of the Brachypodieae and Triticeae lineages. Unlike in Brachypodium, inserted prolamin genes have rapidly evolved and expanded to encode different classes of major seed storage proteins in Triticeae species. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that the multiple insertions of resistance-like genes and subsequent differential expansion of each R gene family. The high frequency of non-syntenic genes and rapid local gene evolution correlate with the high recombination rate in the 2.8-Mb region with nine-fold higher than the genome-wide average. Our results demonstrate complex evolutionary dynamics in this agronomically important region of Triticeae species. SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X PD SEP PY 2016 VL 87 IS 5 BP 495 EP 506 DI 10.1111/tpj.13214 UT WOS:000383713100006 PM 27228577 ER PT J AU Walker, AM Sattler, SA Regner, M Jones, JP Ralph, J Vermerris, W Sattler, SE Kang, C AF Walker, Alexander M. Sattler, Steven A. Regner, Matt Jones, Jeffrey P. Ralph, John Vermerris, Wilfred Sattler, Scott E. Kang, ChulHee TI The Structure and Catalytic Mechanism of Sorghum bicolor Caffeoyl-CoA O-Methyltransferase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB Caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is an S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent O-methyltransferase responsible for methylation of the meta-hydroxyl group of caffeoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) on the pathway to monolignols, with their ring methoxylation status characteristic of guaiacyl or syringyl units in lignin. In order to better understand the unique class of type 2 O-methyltransferases from monocots, we have characterized CCoAOMT from sorghum(Sorghum bicolor; SbCCoAOMT), including the SAM binary complex crystal structure and steady-state enzyme kinetics. Key amino acid residues were validated with site-directed mutagenesis. Isothermal titration calorimetry data indicated a sequential binding mechanism for SbCCoAOMT, wherein SAM binds prior to caffeoyl-CoA, and the enzyme showed allosteric behavior with respect to it. 5-Hydroxyferuloyl-CoA was not a substrate for SbCCoAOMT. We propose a catalytic mechanism in which lysine-180 acts as a catalytic base and deprotonates the reactive hydroxyl group of caffeoyl-CoA. This deprotonation is facilitated by the coordination of the reactive hydroxyl group by Ca2+ in the active site, lowering the pK(a) of the 3'-OH group. Collectively, these data give a new perspective on the catalytic mechanism of CCoAOMTs and provide a basis for the functional diversity exhibited by type 2 plant OMTs that contain a unique insertion loop (residues 208-231) conferring affinity for phenylpropanoid-CoA thioesters. The structural model of SbCCoAOMT can serve as the basis for protein engineering approaches to enhance the nutritional, agronomic, and industrially relevant properties of sorghum. SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 172 IS 1 BP 78 EP 92 DI 10.1104/pp.16.00845 UT WOS:000388451900007 PM 27457122 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Zou, T McCormick, S AF Chen, Yuan Zou, Ting McCormick, Sheila TI S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase 3 Is Important for Pollen Tube Growth SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB S-Adenosylmethionine is widely used in a variety of biological reactions and participates in the methionine (Met) metabolic pathway. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), one of the four S-adenosylmethionine synthetase genes, METHIONINE ADENOSYLTRANSFERASE3 (MAT3), is highly expressed in pollen. Here, we show that mat3 mutants have impaired pollen tube growth and reduced seed set. Metabolomics analyses confirmed that mat3 pollen and pollen tubes overaccumulate Met and that mat3 pollen has several metabolite profiles, such as those of polyamine biosynthesis, which are different from those of the wild type. Additionally, we show that disruption of Met metabolism in mat3 pollen affected transfer RNA and histone methylation levels. Thus, our results suggest a connection between metabolism and epigenetics. OI Chen, Yuan/0000-0001-6016-5489; McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 172 IS 1 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1104/pp.16.00774 UT WOS:000388451900018 PM 27482079 ER PT J AU Huang, M Cabrera, A Hoffstetter, A Griffey, C Van Sanford, D Costa, J McKendry, A Chao, S Sneller, C AF Huang, Mao Cabrera, Antonio Hoffstetter, Amber Griffey, Carl Van Sanford, David Costa, Jose McKendry, Anne Chao, Shiaoman Sneller, Clay TI Genomic selection for wheat traits and trait stability SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS AB Key message Based on the estimates of accuracy, genomic selection would be useful for selecting for improved trait values and trait stability for agronomic and quality traits in wheat. Trait values and trait stability estimated by two methods were generally independent indicating a breeder could select for both simultaneously. Genomic selection (GS) is a new marker-assisted selection tool for breeders to achieve higher genetic gain faster and cheaper. Breeders face challenges posed by genotype by environment interaction (GEI) pattern and selecting for trait stability. Obtaining trait stability is costly, as it requires data from multiple environments. There are few studies that evaluate the efficacy of GS for predicting trait stability. A soft winter wheat population of 273 lines was genotyped with 90 K single nucleotide polymorphism markers and phenotyped for four agronomic and seven quality traits. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and Eberhart and Russell regression (ERR) were used to estimate trait stability. Significant GEI variation was observed and stable lines were identified for all traits in this study. The accuracy of GS ranged from 0.33 to 0.67 for most traits and trait stability. Accuracy of trait stability was greater than trait itself for yield (0.44 using AMMI versus 0.33) and heading date (0.65 using ERR versus 0.56). The opposite trend was observed for the other traits. GS did not predict the stability of the quality traits except for flour protein, lactic acid and softness equivalent. Significant GS accuracy for some trait stability indicated that stability was under genetic control for these traits. The magnitude of GS accuracies for all the traits and most of the trait stability index suggests the possibility of rapid selection for these trait and trait stability in wheat breeding. SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 129 IS 9 BP 1697 EP 1710 DI 10.1007/s00122-016-2733-z UT WOS:000383712700005 PM 27262436 ER PT J AU Campbell, BW Hofstad, AN Sreekanta, S Fu, F Kono, TJY O'Rourke, JA Vance, CP Muehlbauer, GJ Stupar, RM AF Campbell, Benjamin W. Hofstad, Anna N. Sreekanta, Suma Fu, Fengli Kono, Thomas J. Y. O'Rourke, Jamie A. Vance, Carroll P. Muehlbauer, Gary J. Stupar, Robert M. TI Fast neutron-induced structural rearrangements at a soybean NAP1 locus result in gnarled trichomes SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS AB Key message Three adjacent and distinct sequence rearrangements were identified at a NAP1 locus in a soybean mutant. Genetic dissection and validation revealed the function of this gene in soybean trichome development. A soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) gnarled trichome mutant, exhibiting stunted trichomes compared to wild-type, was identified in a fast neutron mutant population. Genetic mapping using whole genome sequencingbased bulked segregant analysis identified a 26.6 megabase interval on chromosome 20 that co-segregated with the phenotype. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of the mutant indicated that the chromosome 20 interval included a small structural variant within the coding region of a soybean ortholog (Glyma. 20G019300) of Arabidopsis Nck-Associated Protein 1 (NAP1), a regulator of actin nucleation during trichome morphogenesis. Sequence analysis of the candidate allele revealed multiple rearrangements within the coding region, including two deletions (approximately 1-2 kb each), a translocation, and an inversion. Further analyses revealed that the mutant allele perfectly co-segregated with the phenotype, and a wild-type soybean NAP1 transgene functionally complemented an Arabidopsis nap1 mutant. In addition, mapping and exon sequencing of NAP1 in a spontaneous soybean gnarled trichome mutant (T31) identified a frame shift mutation resulting in a truncation of the coding region. These data indicate that the soybean NAP1 gene is essential for proper trichome development and show the utility of the soybean fast neutron population for forward genetic approaches for identifying genes. OI Stupar, Robert/0000-0002-8836-2924 SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 129 IS 9 BP 1725 EP 1738 DI 10.1007/s00122-016-2735-x UT WOS:000383712700007 PM 27282876 ER PT J AU Wubben, MJ Callahan, FE Jenkins, JN Deng, DD AF Wubben, Martin J. Callahan, Franklin E. Jenkins, Johnie N. Deng, Dewayne D. TI Coupling of MIC-3 overexpression with the chromosomes 11 and 14 root-knot nematode (RKN) (Meloidogyne incognita) resistance QTLs provides insights into the regulation of the RKN resistance response in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS AB Key message Genetic analysis of MIC-3 transgene with RKN resistance QTLs provides insight into the resistance regulatory mechanism and provides a framework for testing additional hypotheses. Resistance to root-knot nematode (RKN) (Meloidogyne incognita) in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is mediated by two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) located on chromosomes 11 and 14. The MIC-3 (Meloidogyne Induced Cotton3) protein accumulates specifically within the immature galls of RKN-resistant plants that possess these QTLs. Recently, we showed that MIC-3 overexpression in an RKN-susceptible cotton genotype suppressed RKN egg production but not RKN-induced root galling. In this study, the MIC-3 overexpression construct T-DNA in the single-copy transgenic line '14-7-1' was converted into a codominant molecular marker that allowed the marker assisted selection of F-2:3 cotton lines, derived from a cross between 14-7-1 and M-240 RNR, having all possible combinations of the chromosomes 11 and 14 QTLs with and without the MIC-3 overexpression construct. Rootknot nematode reproduction (eggs g(-1) root) and severity of RKN-induced root galling were assessed in these lines. We discovered that the addition of MIC-3 overexpression suppressed RKN reproduction in lines lacking both resistance QTLs and in lines having only the chromosome 14 QTL, suggesting an additive effect of the MIC-3 construct with this QTL. In contrast, MIC-3 overexpression did not improve resistance in lines having the single chromosome 11 QTL or in lines having both resistance QTLs, suggesting an epistatic interaction between the chromosome 11 QTL and the MIC-3 construct. Overexpression of MIC-3 did not affect the severity of RKN-induced root galling regardless of QTL genotype. These data provide new insights into the relative order of action of the chromosomes 11 and 14 QTLs and their potential roles in regulating MIC-3 expression as part of the RKN resistance response. SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 129 IS 9 BP 1759 EP 1767 DI 10.1007/s00122-016-2737-8 UT WOS:000383712700009 PM 27314265 ER PT J AU de Leon, N Jannink, JL Edwards, JW Kaeppler, SM AF de Leon, Natalia Jannink, Jean-Luc Edwards, Jode W. Kaeppler, Shawn M. TI Introduction to a Special Issue on Genotype by Environment Interaction SO CROP SCIENCE AB Expression of a phenotype is a function of the genotype, the environment, and the differential sensitivity of certain genotypes to different environments, also known as genotype by environment (G x E) interaction. This special issue of Crop Science includes a collection of manuscripts that reviews the long history of G x E research, describes new and innovative ideas, and outlines future challenges. Improving our understanding of these complex interactions is expected to accelerate plant breeding progress, minimize risk through improved cultivar deployment, and improve the efficiency of crop production through informed agriculture. Achieving these goals requires the integration of broad and diverse science and technology disciplines. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2081 EP 2089 DI 10.2135/cropsci2016.07.0002in UT WOS:000388509300001 ER PT J AU Grogan, SM Anderson, J Baenziger, PS Frels, K Guttieri, MJ Haley, SD Kim, KS Liu, SY McMaster, GS Newell, M Prasad, PVV Reid, SD Shroyer, KJ Zhang, GR Akhunov, E Byrne, PF AF Grogan, Sarah M. Anderson, Josh Baenziger, P. Stephen Frels, Katherine Guttieri, Mary J. Haley, Scott D. Kim, Ki-Seung Liu, Shuyu McMaster, Gregory S. Newell, Mark Prasad, P. V. Vara Reid, Scott D. Shroyer, Kyle J. Zhang, Guorong Akhunov, Eduard Byrne, Patrick F. TI Phenotypic Plasticity of Winter Wheat Heading Date and Grain Yield across the US Great Plains SO CROP SCIENCE AB Phenotypic plasticity describes the range of phenotypes produced by a single genotype in different environments. We quantified the extent of phenotypic plasticity (evaluated as responsiveness to varying environmental conditions) of thermal time to heading and grain yield in 299 hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes from the US Great Plains. The genotypes, which included advanced breeding lines and recent and historic cultivars, were evaluated in 11 environments in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. The average number of days from 1 January to heading across environments ranged from 109 to 150, and the cumulative growing degree days (GDD) from 1 January to heading ranged from 730 to 1112 GDD. Environmental mean grain yield varied from 1.3 to 5.3 Mg ha(-1). Plasticity of GDD (GDDP) was strongly correlated with GDD (r = 0.81, P < 0.001), especially maximum GDD (r = 0.90, P < 0.001) across environments, indicating genotypes with greater plasticity developed later, especially within the earliest environments. Plasticity of GDD was negatively associated with yield (r = -0.58, P < 0.001) and therefore detrimental in the germplasm and environments evaluated. Yield plasticity of a genotype was positively correlated with its maximum (r = 0.80, P < 0.001) and minimum (r = 0.33, P < 0.001) grain yield across environments, indicating greater plasticity was favorable under optimal conditions, without a penalty under low-yielding conditions. More than a century of wheat breeding in this region suggests GDDP has declined and yield plasticity has increased at similar rates. This is encouraging because it indicates the favorable plasticity traits (high yield plasticity, low GDDP) have been selected for indirectly and would respond to further selection. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2223 EP 2236 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.06.0357 UT WOS:000388509300011 ER PT J AU McCabe, CE Singh, AK Leandro, LF Cianzio, SR Graham, MA AF McCabe, Chantal E. Singh, Asheesh K. Leandro, Leonor F. Cianzio, Silvia R. Graham, Michelle A. TI Identifying New Sources of Resistance to Brown Stem Rot in Soybean SO CROP SCIENCE AB Brown stem rot (BSR), caused by the fungus Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae (Allington & D. W. Chamberlain) W. Gams (syn. Cadophora gregata), causes yield losses up to 38%. Three dominant BSR-resistant genes have been identified: Rbs1, Rbs2, and Rbs3. Additional BSR resistance loci will complement breeding efforts by expanding the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genetic base. The objective of this research was to determine if PI 594637, PI 594638B, PI 594650A, and PI 594858B contained novel BSR resistance genes. The accessions were crossed to three genotypes with known BSR resistance genes and populations were developed for allelism studies. A minimum of 60 F 2: 3 families tracing to individual F 2 plants in each population were used, and six seeds from each F 2: 3 family were tested. Resistant and susceptible controls and parents were also included. The BSR symptoms were assessed under growth chamber conditions 5 wk after inoculation by measuring foliar and stem severities and recovery of P. gregata from stem sections. Allelism tests of F 2: 3 plants from crosses of PI 594638B, PI 594858B, and PI 594650A with the resistant sources fit a 15: 1 ratio, indicating that the resistant gene possessed by each of the PIs was nonallelic to Rbs1, Rbs2, and Rbs3. The three PIs contain at least one novel BSR resistance gene and have the potential to serve as donors to elite germplasm, increasing stability of host resistance to P. gregata. Allelism tests of PI 594637 segregated in a 3: 1 ratio and no significant difference was found between PI 594637 and the susceptible controls, indicating that PI 594637 is susceptible to BSR. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2287 EP 2296 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.08.0492 UT WOS:000388509300016 ER PT J AU Riday, H AF Riday, Heathcliffe TI Northern US-Adapted 2,4-D-Resistant Red Clover SO CROP SCIENCE AB 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-resistant red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) varieties would offer producers more weed control options, particularly in mixed grass-red clover pastures. In the 1980s, work was initiated in Florida to select for 2,4-D-tolerant red clover. However, this Florida germplasm was not adapted to cool, humid regions in the northern United States. A greenhouse selection program was initiated to develop 2,4-D-resistant germplasm (WI-2,4D12) that is more adapted to the northern United States. A study was conducted to determine field resistance of the WI-2,4D12 germplasm to 2,4-D application. Two months post-2,4-D application (1.3 kg a.i. ha(-1)) plant percentage survival rates of 84.3% of WI-2,4D12 red clover compared with 7.7% of non-herbicide-tolerant standard red clover were observed. Postherbicide application WI-2,4D12 red clover plant vigor ratings were 71.2% of their preherbicide application ratings, while postherbicide application non-herbicide-tolerant red clover plant vigor ratings were at 2.2% of their preherbicide application ratings. This study confirms the feasibility of developing herbicide-resistant forage crops using conventional breeding. Future breeding work should focus on further improving red clover 2,4-D tolerance to eliminate herbicide plant injury. Ascertaining the genetic basis of this resistance would facilitate more rapid movement of the resistance into commercial red clover cultivars. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2314 EP 2321 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.09.0573 UT WOS:000388509300019 ER PT J AU Eizenga, GC Edwards, JD Yeater, KM McCouch, SR McClung, AM AF Eizenga, Georgia C. Edwards, Jeremy D. Yeater, Kathleen M. McCouch, Susan R. McClung, Anna M. TI Transgressive Variation for Yield Components Measured throughout the Growth Cycle of Jefferson Rice (Oryza sativa) x O-rufipogon Introgression Lines SO CROP SCIENCE AB Previous studies demonstrated that alleles introduced into elite rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars from the wild, ancestral species Oryza rufipogon Griff. enhanced yield as a result of transgressive variation. A study was conducted to unveil the phenological and agronomic mechanisms that underlie increased yields in introgression lines (ILs) developed through backcrossing an O. rufipogon accession [International Rice Germplasm Collection (IRGC) 105491] with the recurrent parent, 'Jefferson', a U.S. long-grain variety. Phenological development and agronomic and yield component traits of Jefferson and eight ILs, each carrying a major introgression for one of six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield (yld 1.2, yld 2.1, yld 3.2, yld 6.1, yld 8.1, and yld 9.1) were determined in greenhouse studies over 2 yr. A novel method to estimate aboveground biomass nondestructively with digital images was used. The higher yielding ILs had slower phenological development and produced more biomass than Jefferson. Comparison of the yield component traits at maturity revealed longer flag leaves and panicles in all ILs than in Jefferson, with differences for five wild QTLs (yld 1.2, yld 2.1, yld 3.2, yld 8.1, and yld 9.1) introgressions being significant. Three ILs with introgressions from yld 6.1 and yld 9.1 had significant increases in primary panicle branch number. Six of the ILs had more florets per panicle and introgressions for three of the wild QTLs (yld 2.1, yld 6.1, and yld 8.1) produced significantly more seed. These results support an additive model of transgressive variation, where the inferior wild donor introgressions contribute variation in traits (e.g. growth rate, flag leaf length, and panicle size) that increase yield in an elite genetic background. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2336 EP 2347 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.10.0603 UT WOS:000388509300021 ER PT J AU Cooper, JK Stromberger, JA Morris, CF Bai, GH Haley, SD AF Cooper, Jessica K. Stromberger, John A. Morris, Craig F. Bai, Guihua Haley, Scott D. TI End-Use Quality and Agronomic Characteristics Associated with the Glu-B1al High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Allele in US Hard Winter Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE AB High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) conferred by alleles at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci confer unique end-use quality properties for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The Glu-B1al allele at the Glu-B1 locus has not been widely used for cultivar development in the U.S. hard winter wheat region. We evaluated four groups of near-isogenic lines (NILs) with different combinations of alleles at Glu-B1, allele b (encoding subunits Bx7 + By8) or a1 (subunits Bx7(OE) + By8), and at Glu-D1, allele a (subunits Dx2 + Dy12) or d (subunits Dx5 + Dy10), to assess direct and indirect effects attributed to the Glu-B1al allele. Kernel characteristics, dough-mixing properties, and agronomic traits were determined from field experiments in Colorado in 2012 (six environments) and 2013 (five environments). Lower grain hardness was observed in several environments for the GluB1al/Glu-D1d NIL group. Greater dough-mixing strength (midline peak time) and mixograph tolerance (bandwidth 2 min after peak) were conferred by the Glu-B1al allele, particularly when in combination with the Glu-D1d allele. No consistent agronomic advantages or disadvantages were conferred by the Glu-B1al allele, although significantly earlier heading was observed with the Glu-B1al/Glu-D1a NIL group. Deployment of the Glu-B1al allele in U.S. hard winter wheat cultivars would appear to offer several end-use quality attributes with little or no adverse effects on other characteristics. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2348 EP 2353 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.10.0610 UT WOS:000388509300022 ER PT J AU Wallace, JG Zhang, XC Beyene, Y Semagn, K Olsen, M Prasanna, BM Buckler, ES AF Wallace, Jason G. Zhang, Xuecai Beyene, Yoseph Semagn, Kassa Olsen, Michael Prasanna, Boddupalli M. Buckler, Edward S. TI Genome-wide Association for Plant Height and Flowering Time across 15 Tropical Maize Populations under Managed Drought Stress and Well-Watered Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa SO CROP SCIENCE AB Genotyping breeding materials is now relatively inexpensive but phenotyping costs have remained the same. One method to increase gene mapping power is to use genome-wide genetic markers to combine existing phenotype data for multiple populations into a unified analysis. We combined data from 15 biparental populations of maize (Zea mays L.) (>2500 individual lines) developed under the Water-Efficient Maize for Africa project to perform genome-wide association analysis. Each population was phenotyped in multilocation trials under water-stressed and well-watered environments and genotyped via genotyping-by-sequencing. We focused on flowering time and plant height and identified clear associations between known genomic regions and the traits of interest. Out of similar to 380,000 single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we found 115 and 108 that were robustly associated with flowering time under well-watered and drought stress conditions, respectively, and 143 and 120 SNPs, respectively, associated with plant height. These SNPs explained 36 to 80% of the genetic variance, with higher accuracy under well-watered conditions. The same set of SNPs had phenotypic prediction accuracies equivalent to genome-wide SNPs and were significantly better than an equivalent number of random SNPs, indicating that they captured most of the genetic variation for these phenotypes. These methods could potentially aid breeding efforts for maize in Sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere. The methods will also help in mapping drought tolerance and related traits in this germplasm. We expect that analyses combining data across multiple populations will become more common and we call for the development of algorithms and software to enable routine analyses of this nature. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2365 EP 2378 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.10.0632 UT WOS:000388509300024 ER PT J AU Huffman, RD Edwards, JW Pollak, LM Scott, MP AF Huffman, Ryan D. Edwards, Jode W. Pollak, Linda M. Scott, M. Paul TI Interaction of Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Methionine Concentration in Maize Grain SO CROP SCIENCE AB Methionine is a limiting amino acid in poultry diets, so methionine supplementation is typically required to meet nutritional demands. Maize (Zea mays L.) varieties with increased methionine levels have been developed using three different approaches: (i) increased levels of the methionine-rich 10-kDa zein, (ii) disruption of protein deposition using the floury-2 allele, and (iii) recurrent selection. The goal of this study was to characterize the interactions of these three mechanisms for increasing methionine to develop optimal breeding strategies for this limiting amino acid. A complete diallel mating design was used to produce all possible hybrid combinations, which were analyzed by Griffing's experimental Method 3, Model 1. Grain samples were analyzed for methionine concentration using a microbial method. The significantly negative general combining ability (GCA) for inbred RS2 suggests it did not perform well in hybrid combination, while the significant specific combining abilities (SCAs) suggest that some specific combinations of mechanisms worked well together in this germplasm. Analysis of grain quality traits by nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) revealed that the high-methionine hybrid combinations had starch and oil concentrations similar to all other hybrids but had elevated protein concentrations. In some hybrids in this study, dzr1 and recurrent selection were effective mechanisms to elevate methionine in hybrid combination and did not have an associated yield penalty relative to other hybrids produced in the study, which supports their use in a high-methionine maize breeding program. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2379 EP 2389 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.10.0633 UT WOS:000388509300025 ER PT J AU Hoyos-Villegas, V Song, QJ Wright, EM Beebe, SE Kelly, JD AF Hoyos-Villegas, Valerio Song, Qijian Wright, Evan M. Beebe, Stephen E. Kelly, James D. TI Joint Linkage QTL Mapping for Yield and Agronomic Traits in a Composite Map of Three Common Bean RIL Populations SO CROP SCIENCE AB Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production is challenged by many limitations with drought being among the top causes of crop failure worldwide. In this study, we constructed three small-red-seeded bean recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping populations (S48M, S94M, and S95M) with a common parent ('Merlot') and performed joint interval mapping analysis as a small nested association mapping (NAM) population for agronomic traits and performance under rainfed conditions in Michigan. The objective was to identify novel sources of improved performance and genomic regions associated with desirable traits under rainfed and water-sufficient conditions in small-red bean breeding materials adapted to temperate zones. A composite linkage map was constructed using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the three populations and resulted in an improved version of the individual linkage maps shown by a greater genome span covered in the composite map (909 cM). A number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) of different size effects were identified for seed yield (R-2 = 15.4-30.7%), seed size (R-2 = 16.4-20.2%), days to flowering (R-2 = 12.4-36.1%), days to maturity (R-2 = 16.2%), lodging score (R-2 = 10.3-12.9%), and canopy height (R-2 = 17%). Our study confirmed previously reported QTL on five chromosomes and identified a new QTL for canopy height on chromosome Pv10. The use of a composite map and QTL analysis under a NAM population structure increased our ability to detect small-effect QTL that were segregating in at least two of the populations but would not have been detected using individual linkage maps. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2546 EP 2563 DI 10.2135/cropsci2016.01.0063 UT WOS:000388509300040 ER PT J AU Knoll, JE Anderson, WF AF Knoll, Joseph E. Anderson, William F. TI Yield Components in Hybrid versus Inbred Sweet Sorghum SO CROP SCIENCE AB Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] should be an ideal biofuel crop for the southeastern United States, but the current cultivars are all pure lines, which limits the quantity of seed that can be produced, and this seed cannot be mechanically harvested. Hybrid seed can be easily produced on short-statured plants, but less is known about other advantages of hybrid sweet sorghum over inbred cultivars. Heterosis in this crop has not been extensively studied in this region. Three female lines and 19 male lines were crossed in a factorial mating design (Design II) experiment. All hybrids and their parents were planted in the field in a randomized complete block experiment in 2012 and again in 2014. The yields of individual components (leaves, panicles, bagasse, and juice) were calculated on the basis of their proportions of total biomass yields. Sugar yields were estimated from juice soluble solids concentration. Late-flowering lines, including Brandes, M 81E, Mer 76-3, and Top76-6, had favorable general combining ability (GCA) effects for sugar yields, and among females, N109A had favorable GCA for reduced lodging percentage. Heterosis for grain yield was observed for many hybrids, but sugar yields were usually similar between inbred male lines and their respective hybrids. Hybrids usually flowered earlier than inbreds, thus producing similar sugar yields in less time. Hybrid sweet sorghum appears to offer a modest yield advantage over the current inbred cultivars. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2638 EP 2646 DI 10.2135/cropsci2016.03.0161 UT WOS:000388509300047 ER PT J AU Nankar, A Grant, L Scott, P Pratt, RC AF Nankar, Amol Grant, Lois Scott, Paul Pratt, Richard C. TI Agronomic and Kernel Compositional Traits of Blue Maize Landraces from the Southwestern United States SO CROP SCIENCE AB Diverse landraces of maize have been cultivated for centuries in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico primarily for human food consumption. A striking feature of these landraces is the wide array of kernel colors displayed. Traditional cultivation is declining, but blue maize has received increasing commercial interest due to rising consumer demand for unique food products with health benefits and special culinary uses. We evaluated grain yield, agronomic and morphological traits, and analyzed the kernel biochemical composition of five blue and one purple landraces representative of diversity in the Southwest. These were compared with selected open-pollinated populations derived from Southwest and Corn Belt blue maize at several New Mexico locations in 2012 and 2013. Kernel amino acids, oil, protein, starch, fatty acids, crude fiber, ash and anthocyanin pigment contents were determined. Grain yield across all locations, years, and accessions averaged 2.11 Mg ha(-1). Navajo Blue and Hopi Blue were the highest and lowest yielding accessions, respectively. The majority of southwestern landraces displayed higher oil content, and two displayed higher protein content, than the Corn Belt Dent variety. Little variation in total amino acid content was observed. Several southwestern floury accessions displayed similar to 10% greater lysine and methionine than did dent or flint genotypes. Considerable variation for plant, ear, and kernel compositional traits within and across southwestern landraces was consistent with the presence of racial admixtures. The health-promoting properties of anthocyanin-rich landraces contribute to sound dietary nutrition and human health. This study further illustrates the diversity of southwestern maize and supports the rationale for their continued conservation through sustained cultivation and utilization. Directed selection to improve grain yield and uniformity will be necessary to enhance their potential for commercial production. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2663 EP 2674 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.12.0773 UT WOS:000388509300050 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Yang, J Tomecek, MB Beggs, PJ AF Ziska, Lewis H. Yang, Jinyoung Tomecek, Martha B. Beggs, Paul J. TI Cultivar-Specific Changes in Peanut Yield, Biomass, and Allergenicity in Response to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration SO CROP SCIENCE AB Intraspecific variation in response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] could be used as a means to begin selection for improved quantitative or qualitative characteristics for a given crop. Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is a leguminous crop of global importance; however multiyear field assessments of intraspecific variation in yield or seed quality in regard to rising atmospheric [CO2] are scarce. In the current study, we examined the seed yield, above-ground biomass, and concentration of a seed storage protein and primary allergen (Ara h 1) for two peanut cultivars with distinct morphologies, 'Virginia Jumbo' and 'Georgia Green', grown in open-top field chambers at ambient or ambient + 250 mu mol mol(-1) [CO2] for a 2-yr period. Significant differences in cultivar, [CO2], and cultivar x [CO2] were observed for above-ground biomass and seed ( peanut) yield, with Virginia Jumbo showing a consistently greater increase relative to Georgia Green in response to elevated [CO2]. The greater quantitative response of Virginia Jumbo to [CO2] was also concurrent with a significant increase in the concentration of Ara h 1 for this cultivar, which, in turn, was negatively correlated with overall protein concentration. While preliminary, these results indicate that selection opportunities exist to match yield increases to rising [CO2] for peanut through genetic or phenotypic selection; in addition, these are also the first data to show that [CO2]-induced qualitative changes, particularly in regard to increased allergen concentration, should also be considered to address food safety concerns. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2766 EP 2774 DI 10.2135/cropsci2015.12.0741 UT WOS:000388509300059 ER PT J AU Bybee-Finley, KA Mirsky, SB Ryan, MR AF Bybee-Finley, K. Ann Mirsky, Steven B. Ryan, Matthew R. TI Functional Diversity in Summer Annual Grass and Legume Intercrops in the Northeastern United States SO CROP SCIENCE AB A warm-season annual intercropping experiment was conducted across the northeastern United States with four trials in 2013 and five trials in 2014 with four crop species selected based on differences in stature and N acquisition traits: (i) pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], (ii) sorghum sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench x S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf], (iii) cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], and (iv) sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.). Crops were seeded in monoculture and in three-and four-species mixtures using a replacement design where monoculture seeding rates were divided by the number of species in the intercrop. Crop biomass was sampled at similar to 45 and 90 d after planting. When averaged across the nine site-years, biomass at the first and second sampling dates, respectively, of the monoculture treatments ranged from 1040 and 2500 kg ha(-1) (cowpea) to 3000 and 9300 kg ha(-1) (pearl millet). In general, biomass production of the legume monocultures was lower than the grass monocultures and intercrops at both sampling dates. All intercrops had land equivalent ratios (LERs) greater than one, indicating complementarity, likely a result of resource partitioning. Intercrops, particularly the four-species mixture, exhibited greater stability in yields across environments. The pearl millet-sorghum sudangrass-sunn hemp intercrop had the greatest evenness, suggesting that species selected for annual intercrops should have similar monoculture growth rates to minimize asymmetric competition. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2775 EP 2790 DI 10.2135/cropsci2016.01.0046 UT WOS:000388509300060 ER PT J AU Nichols, V Miguez, F Sauer, T Dietzel, R AF Nichols, Virginia Miguez, Fernando Sauer, Thomas Dietzel, Ranae TI Maize and Prairie Root Contributions to Soil CO2 Emissions in the Field SO CROP SCIENCE AB Increasing soil carbon content via agricultural practices not only enhances the production potential of the land, but also counteracts rising atmospheric CO 2 levels. When predicting production systems' effects on soil carbon, quantifying CO 2 efflux derived from live roots is of particular importance as it is a through-flux and does not signify depletion of soil carbon. This field study aimed to measure and compare soil CO2 emissions derived from roots in annual and perennial agroecosystems. We used periodic 48-hour shading over two growing seasons to estimate root growth-derived CO2 in continuously grown maize (CC) with grain and 50% stover harvested each year, unfertilized reconstructed tallgrass prairie (P), and the same prairie grown with spring nitrogen fertilization (PF), both which had biomass harvested post-frost. In CC, P, and PF root-derived CO2 contributed to 28, 31, and 30% of each crop's respective growing season cumulative CO2 emissions in 2012, and 19, 24, and 28% in 2013, respectively. Season-cumulative root-derived CO2 was not proportional to end-of-season below-ground biomass (BGB): P had nearly twice the BGB of PF, but their cumulative root-derived fluxes were not significantly different in either year. A significant proportion of soil CO2 emissions is derived from roots, making it a critical process to consider when comparing or modeling soil emissions of cropped or prairie soils. Using BGB alone may not be a useful proxy for estimating root contributions. SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2791 EP 2801 DI 10.2135/cropsci2016.01.0048 UT WOS:000388509300061 ER PT J AU Tezotto, T Souza, SCR Mihail, J Favarin, JL Mazzafera, P Bilyeu, K Polacco, JC AF Tezotto, Tiago Ribeiro Souza, Sarah Caroline Mihail, Jeanne Favarin, Jose Laercio Mazzafera, Paulo Bilyeu, Kristin Polacco, Joe Carmine TI Deletion of the single UreG urease activation gene in soybean NIL lines: characterization and pleiotropic effects SO THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB The soybean eu3-a mutant (formerly, eu3-e1) lacks all ureolytic activity. Eu3 encodes urease accessory (Ni insertion) protein, UreG. Eu3 (Glycine max v1.1 Glyma08g08970.1) is the only UreG-encoding gene in the soybean genome. Here we show that the eu3-a lesion is a 2.4 kb deletion, beginning 50 bp upstream of the transcription start, and covering 94 % of the deduced amino acid sequence of UreG, explaining the urease activity-null phenotype of eu3-a. We established near-isogenic lines (NILs), eu3-a versus Eu3, and confirmed a striking accumulation of endogenous urea in eu3-a and none in Eu3, and the greater resistance of eu3-a leaf discs to external urea. However, incubation of discs in light alleviated urea sensitivity in Eu3, apparently by providing C skeletons for urea-released NH3. Hence, urea, endogenous and exogenous, is apparently less toxic than urea-derived NH3. eu3-a and Eu3 plants, however, did not differ in seed Ni content, nor in pool sizes of metabolites that generate urea via arginine. The NILs differed in patterns of nodulation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum and by Bradyrhizobium elkanii. Ureases have been reported to be fungitoxic. However, eu3-a and Eu3 NIL seedlings were equally sensitive to the pathogenic Basidiomycete fungus, Rhizoctonia solani. Since eu3-a accumulates at least some apo-urease, we examined a specific anti-fungal role of the seed urease in seedlings of a second NIL pair, differing in the presence (Eu1) and absence (eu1-a) of the seed urease. Again, this second NIL pair exhibited equal sensitivity to R. solani. To our knowledge, we report only the second test of fungal resistance influenced by urease levels in intact plants. SN 2197-0025 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 28 IS 3 BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s40626-016-0052-z UT WOS:000388943700005 ER PT J AU Kang, JH Wu, J Cho, EY Ogata, S Jacques, P Taylor, A Chiu, CJ Wiggs, JL Seddon, JM Hankinson, SE Schaumberg, DA Pasquale, LR AF Kang, Jae H. Wu, Juan Cho, Eunyoung Ogata, Soshiro Jacques, Paul Taylor, Allen Chiu, Chung-Jung Wiggs, Janey L. Seddon, Johanna M. Hankinson, Susan E. Schaumberg, Debra A. Pasquale, Louis R. TI Contribution of the Nurses' Health Study to the Epidemiology of Cataract, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, and Glaucoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AB Objectives. To review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) to understanding the genetic and lifestyle factors that influence the risk of cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Methods. We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS between 1976 and 2016. Results. The NHS has helped to elucidate the roles of genetics, lifestyle factors (e.g., cigarette smoking associated with cataract extraction and age-related macular degeneration), medical conditions (e.g., diabetes associated with cataract extraction and glaucoma), and dietary factors (e.g., greater carotenoid intake and lower glycemic diet associated with lower risk of age-related macular degeneration) in the etiology of degree and progression of lens opacities, cataract extraction, age-related macular degeneration, primary open-angle glaucoma, and exfoliation glaucoma. Conclusions. The findings from the NHS, combined with those of other studies, have provided compelling evidence to support public health recommendations for helping to prevent age-related eye diseases: abstinence from cigarette smoking, maintenance of healthy weight and diabetes prevention, and a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables. SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 106 IS 9 BP 1684 EP 1689 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303317 UT WOS:000388072300036 PM 27459452 ER PT J AU Gomez-Hernandez, M Williams-Linera, G Lodge, DJ Guevara, R Ruiz-Sanchez, E Gandara, E AF Gomez-Hernandez, Marko Williams-Linera, Guadalupe Lodge, Deborah J. Guevara, Roger Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo Gandara, Etelvina TI Phylogenetic diversity of macromycetes and woody plants along an elevational gradient in Eastern Mexico SO BIOTROPICA AB Phylogenetic information provides insight into the ecological and evolutionary processes that organize species assemblages. We compared patterns of phylogenetic diversity among macromycete and woody plant communities along a steep elevational gradient in eastern Mexico to better understand the evolutionary processes that structure their communities. Macrofungi and trees were counted and identified in eight sites from 100 to 3500 m asl, and sequence data retrieved from GenBank for the same or closely related species were used to reconstruct their phylogenies. Patterns of species richness and phylogenetic diversity were similar for both macrofungi and trees, but macromycete richness and diversity peaked at mid-elevations, whereas woody plant richness and diversity did not show significant trends with elevation. Phylogenetic similarity among sites was low for both groups and decreased as elevational distance between sites increased. Macromycete communities displayed phylogenetic overdispersion at low elevations and phylogenetic clustering at high elevations; the latter is consistent with environmental filtering at high elevation sites. Woody plants generally exhibited phylogenetic clustering, consistent with the potential importance of environmental filtering throughout the elevational gradient. RI Williams-Linera, Guadalupe/C-1242-2014; Gandara, Etelvina/C-1250-2014 OI Williams-Linera, Guadalupe/0000-0001-6341-6570; SN 0006-3606 EI 1744-7429 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 48 IS 5 BP 577 EP 585 DI 10.1111/btp.12332 UT WOS:000388274700004 ER PT J AU Parker, JE Wagner, DJ AF Parker, Joyce E. Wagner, David J. TI From the USDA: Educating the Next Generation: Funding Opportunities in Food, Agricultural, Natural Resources, and Social Sciences Education SO CBE-LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION AB The National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the U.S. Department of Agriculture provides leadership, capacity, and funds to support the continuing development of a safe and competitive agricultural system. Many of the agency's educational programs are led by the Division of Community and Education (DOCE). These programs span agricultural education, enhancing agricultural literacy through both formal and nonformal education. Here, we have highlighted funding opportunities within DOCE that enhance agricultural education and literacy by supporting the improvement of students' critical communication, leadership skills, and experiential learning opportunities. Some of these programs include opportunities for which students can apply, while others focus on faculty applications. Opportunities faculty can apply for may support student-recruitment and student-retention techniques, curriculum development, innovative teaching methods, and institutional capacity-building programs. Overall, these programs foster a diverse workforce in agricultural science that matches the increasing diversity of the country. SN 1931-7913 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 15 IS 3 AR fe5 DI 10.1187/cbe.16-01-0052 UT WOS:000388096500032 ER PT J AU Cotrufo, MF Boot, CM Kampf, S Nelson, PA Brogan, DJ Covino, T Haddix, ML MacDonald, LH Rathburn, S Ryan-Bukett, S Schmeer, S Hall, E AF Cotrufo, M. Francesca Boot, Claudia M. Kampf, Stephanie Nelson, Peter A. Brogan, Daniel J. Covino, Tim Haddix, Michelle L. MacDonald, Lee H. Rathburn, Sarah Ryan-Bukett, Sandra Schmeer, Sarah Hall, Ed TI Redistribution of pyrogenic carbon from hillslopes to stream corridors following a large montane wildfire SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES AB Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) constitutes a significant fraction of organic carbon in most soils. However, PyC soil stocks are generally smaller than what is expected from estimates of PyC produced from fire and decomposition losses, implying that other processes cause PyC loss from soils. Surface erosion has been previously suggested as one such process. To address this, following a large wildfire in the Rocky Mountains (CO, USA), we tracked PyC from the litter layer and soil, through eroded, suspended, and dissolved solids to alluvial deposits along riversides. We separated deposited sediment into high-and low-density fractions to identify preferential forms of PyC transport and quantified PyC in all samples and density fractions using benzene polycarboxylic acid markers. A few months after the fire, PyC had yet to move vertically into the mineral soil and remained in the organic layer or had been transported off site by rainfall driven overland flow. During major storm events PyC was associated with suspended sediments in river water and later identified in low-density riverbank deposits. Flows from an unusually long-duration and high magnitude rainstorm either removed or buried the riverbank sediments approximately 1 year after their deposition. We conclude that PyC redistributes after wildfire in patterns that are consistent with erosion and deposition of low-density sediments. A more complete understanding of PyC dynamics requires attention to the interaction of post fire precipitation patterns and geomorphological features that control surface erosion and deposition throughout the watershed. RI Kampf, Stephanie/F-4608-2011; Nelson, Peter/C-9538-2017 OI Kampf, Stephanie/0000-0001-8991-2679; Nelson, Peter/0000-0002-8679-3982 SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1348 EP 1355 DI 10.1002/2016GB005467 UT WOS:000388457700008 ER PT J AU Budischak, SA Hoberg, EP Abrams, A Jolles, AE Ezenwa, VO AF Budischak, Sarah A. Hoberg, Eric P. Abrams, Art Jolles, Anna E. Ezenwa, Vanessa O. TI Experimental insight into the process of parasite community assembly SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY AB 1. Community assembly is a fundamental process that has long been a central focus in ecology. Extending community assembly theory to communities of co-infecting parasites, we used a gastrointestinal nematode removal experiment in free-ranging African buffalo to examine the community assembly patterns and processes. 2. We first asked whether reassembled communities differ from undisturbed communities by comparing anthelmintic-treated and control hosts. Next, we examined the temporal dynamics of assembly using a cross-section of communities that reassembled for different periods of time since last experimental removal. Next, we tested for evidence of assembly processes that might drive such reassembly patterns: environmental filtering based on host traits (i.e. habitat patches), interspecific interactions, priority effects and chance dispersal from the environmental pool of infective stages (i.e. the regional species pool). 3. On average, reassembled parasite communities had lower abundance, but were more diverse and even, and these patterns varied tightly with reassembly time. Over time, the communities within treated hosts progressively resembled controls as diversity and evenness decreased, while total abundance increased. Notably, experimental removal allowed us to attribute observed differences in abundance, diversity and evenness to the process of community assembly. 4. During early reassembly, parasite accumulation was biased towards a subordinate species and, by excluding stochastic assembly processes (i.e. chance dispersal and priority effects), we were able to determine that early assembly is deterministic. Later in the reassembly process, we established that host traits, as well as stochastic dispersal from the environmental pool of infective stages, can affect the community composition. 5. Overall, our results suggest that there is a high degree of resiliency and environmental dependence to the worm communities of buffalo. More generally, our data show that both deterministic and stochastic processes may play a role in the assembly of parasite communities of wild hosts, but their relative importance may vary temporally. Consequently, the best strategy for managing reassembling parasite communities may also need to shift over time. SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1222 EP 1233 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12548 UT WOS:000388353400010 PM 27174037 ER PT J AU Couso, I Evans, BS Li, J Liu, Y Ma, FF Diamond, S Allen, DK Umen, JG AF Couso, Inmaculada Evans, Bradley S. Li, Jia Liu, Yu Ma, Fangfang Diamond, Spencer Allen, Doug K. Umen, James G. TI Synergism between Inositol Polyphosphates and TOR Kinase Signaling in Nutrient Sensing, Growth Control, and Lipid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas SO PLANT CELL AB The networks that govern carbon metabolism and control intracellular carbon partitioning in photosynthetic cells are poorly understood. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a conserved growth regulator that integrates nutrient signals and modulates cell growth in eukaryotes, though the TOR signaling pathway in plants and algae has yet to be completely elucidated. We screened the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using insertional mutagenesis to find mutants that conferred hypersensitivity to the TOR inhibitor rapamycin. We characterized one mutant, vip1-1, that is predicted to encode a conserved inositol hexakisphosphate kinase from the VIP family that pyrophosphorylates phytic acid (InsP(6)) to produce the low abundance signaling molecules InsP(7) and InsP(8). Unexpectedly, the rapamycin hypersensitive growth arrest of vip1-1 cells was dependent on the presence of external acetate, which normally has a growth-stimulatory effect on Chlamydomonas. vip1-1 mutants also constitutively overaccumulated triacylglycerols (TAGs) in a manner that was synergistic with other TAG inducing stimuli such as starvation. vip1-1 cells had reduced InsP(7) and InsP(8), both of which are dynamically modulated in wild-type cells by TOR kinase activity and the presence of acetate. Our data uncover an interaction between the TOR kinase and inositol polyphosphate signaling systems that we propose governs carbon metabolism and intracellular pathways that lead to storage lipid accumulation. RI Allen, Doug/M-2836-2013; Evans, Bradley/M-2842-2013; Umen, James/K-9120-2013; OI Allen, Doug/0000-0001-8599-8946; Umen, James/0000-0003-4094-9045; Couso Lianez, Inmaculada/0000-0003-2849-675X SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X PD SEP PY 2016 VL 28 IS 9 BP 2026 EP 2042 DI 10.1105/tpc.16.00351 UT WOS:000388331000009 ER PT J AU Montalvo, J Von Hoven, T Easson, M Hinchliffe, D AF Montalvo, Joe Von Hoven, Terri Easson, Michael Hinchliffe, Doug TI Water, Moisture, and Ash Content of Mechanically-Cleaned Greige Cotton, Naturally-Colored Brown Cotton, Flax, and Rayon SO AATCC JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AB This exploratory research evaluated the Karl Fischer Titration (KFT) reference method (ASTM D7785) to accurately measure water content of mechanically-cleaned greige cotton, a naturally-colored brown cotton, flax, and rayon at moisture equilibrium. Each sample was analyzed by KFT, standard oven drying in ambient air, and isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) using dry air and nitrogen carrier gases. Water content, as measured by KFT, was (%): mechanically-cleaned greige cotton, 6.82, brown cotton, 7.88, flax, 8.72, and rayon, 11.74. There was a significant difference between water and moisture contents by standard oven drying. Similar differences were observed between TGA in air and nitrogen and varied with ash content. The findings support the use of KFT to determine water content of these diverse cellulosic textile fibers. SN 2330-5517 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 3 IS 5 BP 12 EP 26 DI 10.14504/ajr.3.5.2 UT WOS:000387650900002 ER PT J AU Campbell, BW Liu, Y Wise, K Jin, Y Ohm, HW AF Campbell, B. W. Liu, Y. Wise, K. Jin, Y. Ohm, H. W. TI Inheritance and Mapping of Stem Rust Resistance of Wheat Line PI 410966 SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS AB Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most destructive cereal diseases globally. Concern about the disease has increased since 1999 with the discovery in Uganda of a new virulent race of Pgt, designated as race TTKSK (also known as Ug99). The objectives of this experiment were to characterize the resistance and to determine the chromosomal location of the stem rust resistance in the spring wheat line PI 410966. A mapping population was developed from a cross between PI 410966 and a susceptible wheat line OK3040. An inoculation test with isolate 04KEN156/04 of race TTKSK was conducted at the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory in the F-6:7 generation, and the F-6:7 phenotypic data were used to genetically map the resistance gene to the centromeric region on chromosome 2BS. The single locus explained the observed F-6:7 resistant and susceptible scores. The location of the gene and molecular marker banding profiles of the diagnostic markers suggest that the stem rust resistance gene in PI 410966 could be a new gene, an allele of Sr36, or Sr36. SN 0133-3720 EI 1788-9170 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 44 IS 3 BP 414 EP 423 DI 10.1556/0806.44.2016.014 UT WOS:000388001400006 ER PT J AU Dymond, SF D'Amato, AW Kolka, RK Bolstad, PV Sebestyen, SD Bradford, JB AF Dymond, S. F. D'Amato, A. W. Kolka, R. K. Bolstad, P. V. Sebestyen, S. D. Bradford, J. B. TI Growth-climate relationships across topographic gradients in the northern Great Lakes SO ECOHYDROLOGY AB Climatic conditions exert important control over the growth, productivity, and distribution of forests, and characterizing these relationships is essential for understanding how forest ecosystems will respond to climate change. We used dendrochronological methods to develop climate-growth relationships for two dominant species, Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) and Pinus resinosa (red pine), in the upper Great Lakes region to understand how climate and water availability influence annual forest productivity. Trees were sampled along a topographic gradient at the Marcell Experimental Forest (Minnesota, USA) to assess growth response to variations in temperature and different water availability metrics (precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET), cumulative moisture index (CMI), and soil water storage). Climatic variables were able to explain 33-58% of the variation in annual growth (as measured by ring-width increment) for quaking aspen and 37-74% of the variation for red pine. Climate-growth relationships were influenced by topography for quaking aspen but not for red pine. Annual ring growth for quaking aspen decreased with June CMI on ridges, decreased with temperature in the November prior to the growing season on sideslopes, and decreased with June PET on toeslopes. Red pine growth increased with increasing July PET across all topographic positions. These results indicate the sensitivity of both quaking aspen and red pine to local climate and show several vulnerabilities of these species to shifts in water supply and temperature because of climate change. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RI Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013; Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108; SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 918 EP 929 DI 10.1002/eco.1700 UT WOS:000387851900003 ER PT J AU Carnie, R Tonina, D McKean, JA Isaak, D AF Carnie, Ryan Tonina, Daniele McKean, James A. Isaak, Daniel TI Habitat connectivity as a metric for aquatic microhabitat quality: application to Chinook salmon spawning habitat SO ECOHYDROLOGY AB Quality of fish habitat at the scale of a single fish, at the metre resolution, which we defined here as microhabitat, has been primarily evaluated on short reaches, and their results have been extended through long river segments with methods that do not account for connectivity, a measure of the spatial distribution of habitat patches. However, recent investigations of quality of aquatic habitat at the stream segment scale, at hundredth of metre resolution macrohabitat, indicate that the spatial distribution of aquatic habitat quality and size is an important factor at the network scale. Here, we hypothesize that aquatic habitat connectivity, quality and patch size are also important at the microhabitat scale. We test this hypothesis by modelling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning habitat in a 6-km long reach of Bear Valley Creek (Idaho, USA) with microhabitat resolution of 1-m square. We use two-dimensional hydraulic numerical modelling coupled with suitability curves to predict the spatial distribution of spawning habitat quality. We quantify connectivity for each habitat patch with the ratio between the area of neighbouring patches and their squared hydrographic distances. Results from a logistic regression analysis comparing predicted with observed spawning locations indicate that habitat quality and patch size are important factors and connectivity among patches may have a secondary effect. Therefore, spatial distribution of aquatic habitat and size of habitat patches are important aspects of its quality, suggesting that composite metrics such as weighted usable area may not be sufficient in defining the condition of the river environment. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RI Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012 OI Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013 SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 982 EP 994 DI 10.1002/eco.1696 UT WOS:000387851900009 ER PT J AU Jiao, L Lu, N Sun, G Ward, EJ Fu, BJ AF Jiao, Lei Lu, Nan Sun, Ge Ward, Eric J. Fu, Bojie TI Biophysical controls on canopy transpiration in a black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantation on the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China SO ECOHYDROLOGY AB In the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) was widely planted for soil conservation and afforestation purposes during the past three decades. Investigating biophysical controls on canopy transpiration (E-c) of the plantations is essential to understanding the effects of afforestation on watershed hydrology and regional water resources. In addition to monitoring of micrometeorology and soil water content, sap flux densities (F-d) of six representative trees in a 27-year stand were continuously measured using thermal dissipation probes during the growing seasons in 2013 and 2014. Ec was derived by multiplying stand total sapwood area (A(ST)) with F-d. The daily mean E-c in the growing season was 0.14 and 0.23 mm day(-1) in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The responses of daily E-c to R-s and vapour pressure deficit were explained with an exponential threshold model. The variability of monthly E-c was mainly explained by leaf area index (LAI) (R-2 = 0.92). The inter-annual variability of E-c was influenced by LAI that fluctuated dramatically during 2013 and 2014. We found that the status of soil water content at the beginning of the growing season had large impacts on LAI and E-c during the growing season. Contrary to common beliefs that the plantation uses a large amount of water, we found that the black locust plantation had rather low transpiration rates (5.3% of precipitation and 4.6% of ET0). This study suggests that the black locust plantation has adapted to local soil water condition by reducing transpiration, and the major water loss from the plantation was not transpiration. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RI Fu, Bojie/B-1493-2009 SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1068 EP 1081 DI 10.1002/eco.1711 UT WOS:000387851900016 ER PT J AU Shin, S Lee, J Rudell, D Evans, K Zhu, YM AF Shin, Sungbong Lee, Jinwook Rudell, Dave Evans, Kate Zhu, Yanmin TI Transcriptional Regulation of Auxin Metabolism and Ethylene Biosynthesis Activation During Apple (Malus x domestica) Fruit Maturation SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION AB Apple cultivars exhibit considerable variation in fruit maturation patterns that could influence at-harvest fruit firmness and postharvest storability. Based on the results from our previous transcriptome profiling of apple fruit maturation and well-documented auxin-ethylene crosstalk in other plant processes, the current experiment attempts to get insight into the potential crosstalk between auxin metabolism and ethylene biosynthesis during apple fruit maturation and ripening. Weekly apple fruit samples were collected to include the early maturation stages until 2 weeks after physiological maturity for both 'Minneiska' and 'Scifresh' cultivars. The expression patterns for genes with annotated functions of auxin transport, conjugation, biosynthesis, and responses were profiled by qRT-PCR along the apple fruit ripening processes and in different apple fruit tissues (seed, core, cortex, and peel). The expression profiles of both auxin metabolism and ethylene biosynthesis genes correlated with the apple fruit maturation process, but with different expression patterns and strength in each cultivar. Temporal and spatial gene expression patterns from seed to the outer fruit tissues corresponded with the center-outward ripening characteristics of apple fruit. It seems that timely reduction of biologically active auxin, in apple fruit cells of specific tissue, is critical for the activation of ethylene biosynthesis, even though auxin is needed for early fruit development. Our results suggest that the regulation of auxin transport and homeostasis may contribute to the time of activation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in maturing apple fruit and consequently influence the time of ripening for a specific cultivar. SN 0721-7595 EI 1435-8107 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 35 IS 3 BP 655 EP 666 DI 10.1007/s00344-015-9568-8 UT WOS:000387794900006 ER PT J AU Bernardi, J Li, QB Gao, YB Zhao, YD Battaglia, R Marocco, A Chourey, PS AF Bernardi, Jamila Li, Qin-Bao Gao, Yangbin Zhao, Yunde Battaglia, Raffaella Marocco, Adriano Chourey, Prem S. TI The Auxin-Deficient Defective Kernel18 (dek18) Mutation Alters the Expression of Seed-Specific Biosynthetic Genes in Maize SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION AB The dek18 mutant of maize was previously classified as a collapsed kernel mutant named cp*-931A, which has a decreased auxin content in kernels. Molecular and functional characterization of this mutant line offers the possibility to better understand auxin biology during maize seed development. Seeds of the dek18 mutants are smaller compared to wild-type seeds and the vegetative development of dek18 is delayed. Here we analyzed the expression of several auxin-related genes in dek18 homozygous seeds and normal-sized seeds (Dek18/-) segregating on the same ear. Three genes related to auxin biosynthesis ZmAlliinase/Tar3, ZmTar1, and ZmYuc1 were highly downregulated in the mutant compared to the wild type. Sequence analysis of these genes revealed that no nucleotide difference is present in dek18 homozygous seeds compared to Dek18/-, except for ZmYuc1. Two different ZmYuc1 cDNAs sequences are produced: a normal-sized sequence of 1197 bp and a shorter coding sequence lacking the third exon. Ectopic expression of ZmYuc1 cDNAs in Arabidopsis indicates that (i) the ZmYuc1 gene is functional in Arabidopsis and (ii) the third exon is required for the enzymatic activity of the YUCCA1 protein. Because ZmYuc1, ZmTar1, and ZmAlliinase are barely expressed in dek18 homozygous seeds, it is proposed that the mutation responsible for the dek18 phenotype alters the upstream regulation of the auxin biosynthetic pathway. OI Bernardi, Jamila/0000-0002-5158-3459 SN 0721-7595 EI 1435-8107 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 35 IS 3 BP 770 EP 777 DI 10.1007/s00344-016-9581-6 UT WOS:000387794900016 ER PT J AU Williams, JD Robertson, DS Long, DS Wuest, SB Kumar, D Juneja, A Murthy, GS AF Williams, John D. Robertson, Dave S. Long, Dan S. Wuest, Stewart B. Kumar, Deepak Juneja, Ankita Murthy, Ganti S. TI Ethanol production potential from conservation buffers in the inland Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AB Meeting the goals set by the Energy Independence and Security Act requires evaluation of all potential feedstock sources including arid and semi-arid portions of the western United States (U.S.). The objective of this study was to assess the lignocellulosic feedstock potential in stream buffers of the inland Pacific Northwest. A 3-yr (2010-2012) experiment was conducted at two sites within each of the three precipitation zones (low, mid, and high). At each site, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., cultivar Ladak), tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum Podp. cultivar Alkar) (TWG), and a mix of alfalfa and tall wheatgrass (MIX) were planted in a randomized complete block experimental design. Productivity followed precipitation; in the high and mid precipitation zones, the MIX and TWG treatments showed potential production of 3,079 +/- 262 l ha(-1) and 3,062 +/- 235 l ha(-1). Productivity in the low zone was inadequate or unreliable as a source of feedstocks. A geographic information system was then used to identify the area available for stream buffers with soil resources that matched the experimental results within each precipitation zone. In 3.7 x 10(6) ha of dryland cropland, 44 656 ha (1.5%) available within the mid and high precipitation zones is capable of producing 147 million liters of ethanol. This potential contribution is 0.3% of the lignocellulosic ethanol production expected by the year 2022. Though not a substantial contribution, the added benefit of producing energy for on-farm consumption might provide an additional incentive for landowners and managers to install conservation buffers. (C) 2016 Author(s). SN 1941-7012 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 5 AR 053102 DI 10.1063/1.4962414 UT WOS:000387590600002 ER PT J AU Berentsen, AR Bender, S Bender, P Bergman, D Gilbert, AT Rowland, HM VerCauteren, KC AF Berentsen, Are R. Bender, Scott Bender, Peggy Bergman, David Gilbert, Amy T. Rowland, Hannah M. VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Bait flavor preference and immunogenicity of ONRAB baits in domestic dogs on the Navajo Nation, Arizona SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY BEHAVIOR-CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH AB Rabies is responsible for an estimated 59,000 human deaths worldwide, and domestic dogs are the primary reservoir and vector of the disease. Among some nations, widespread vaccination has led to elimination of rabies in domestic dogs, yet dogs are still susceptible to rabies infection from interactions with wildlife reservoirs. On Tribal lands in the United States, less than 20% of domestic dogs are vaccinated for rabies, and parenteral vaccination is often unfeasible. Oral rabies vaccination may provide a solution, but a suitable bait flavor and vaccine must be identified. We evaluated 5 bait flavors (bacon, cheese, egg, fish, and sweet) in pairwise flavor-preference trials using placebo Ultralite baits in 26 domestic dogs on the Navajo Nation, Arizona. Each bait flavor was offered a total of 104 times. In all paired comparisons, bacon was more frequently preferred to the alternative. The sweet flavor (the flavor used operationally for oral rabies vaccine (ORV) distribution in Canada) was least preferred. Forty domestic dogs were offered baits containing ONRAB ORV: 14 received the sweet-flavored bait packet and 26 received bacon-flavored baits. Serum was collected from dogs before vaccination and at day 14 and 30 or 37 days after vaccination. Thirty-seven dogs consumed the baits, 2 baits (both sweet flavored) were chewed and spit out, and 1 (sweet flavored) was swallowed without apparent chewing (gulped). Eight dogs had preexisting rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) titers and 13 naive dogs failed to seroconvert during the study period. Overall, 27 dogs (67.5%) showed increased RVNA titers after vaccination, including 1 dog who chewed and spit out the bait and all dogs with positive baseline RVNA titers. Geometric mean titers for all dogs that seroconverted during the study period peaked at day 14 (1.2 IU/mL; n = 24) and decreased slightly by the final sampling day (0.8 IU/mL; n = 27). We conclude that bacon flavor may be a suitable bait flavor for ORV distribution in loosely kept or free-roaming domestic dogs. Seroconversion among dogs who ingested ONRAB-filled baits was variable. Why 13 dogs who consumed ORV baits failed to seroconvert remains unknown. Additional research to improve seroconversion rates in domestic dogs after vaccination with ONRAB is recommended. Published by Elsevier Inc. OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X SN 1558-7878 EI 1878-7517 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 15 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.08.007 UT WOS:000388055400005 ER PT J AU Kramer, HA Collins, BM Lake, FK Jakubowski, MK Stephens, SL Kelly, M AF Kramer, Heather A. Collins, Brandon M. Lake, Frank K. Jakubowski, Marek K. Stephens, Scott L. Kelly, Maggi TI Estimating Ladder Fuels: A New Approach Combining Field Photography with LiDAR SO REMOTE SENSING AB Forests historically associated with frequent fire have changed dramatically due to fire suppression and past harvesting over the last century. The buildup of ladder fuels, which carry fire from the surface of the forest floor to tree crowns, is one of the critical changes, and it has contributed to uncharacteristically large and severe fires. The abundance of ladder fuels makes it difficult to return these forests to their natural fire regime or to meet management objectives. Despite the importance of ladder fuels, methods for quantifying them are limited and imprecise. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a form of active remote sensing, is able to estimate many aspects of forest structure across a landscape. This study investigates a new method for quantifying ladder fuel in the field (using photographs with a calibration banner) and remotely (using LiDAR data). We apply these new techniques in the Klamath Mountains of Northern California to predict ladder fuel levels across the study area. Our results demonstrate a new utility of LiDAR data to identify fire hazard and areas in need of fuels reduction. OI Kelly, Nina Maggi/0000-0002-0198-2822 SN 2072-4292 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 9 AR 766 DI 10.3390/rs8090766 UT WOS:000385488000076 ER PT J AU Calvo, P Watts, DB Kloepper, JW Torbert, HA AF Calvo, Pamela Watts, Dexter B. Kloepper, Joseph W. Torbert, H. Allen TI Application of Microbial-Based Inoculants for Reducing N2O Emissions From Soil Under Two Different Ammonium Nitrate-Based Fertilizers SO SOIL SCIENCE AB Considerable effort is being made within the scientific community to identify mechanisms to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soils. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that microbial-based inoculants known to promote root growth and nutrient uptake will reduce N2O emissions in the presence of ammonium nitrate-based nitrogen fertilizers under controlled conditions. The microbial-based treatments evaluated were SoilBuilder (SB), a metabolite extract of SoilBuilder (SoilBuilder product filtered [SBF]), and a mixture of four strains of plant growth-promoting Bacillus species (BM). Experiments included an unfertilized control and two different nitrogen fertilizers: ammonium nitrate (AN) and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were measured from soil incubations using gas chromatography. After 29 days of incubation, cumulative N2O emissions were reduced 81%, 67%, and 50% for the SBF, SB, and BM treatments, respectively, in soils fertilized with CAN. In the unfertilized treatment, cumulative N2O emissions with SBF were significantly reduced by 92%, compared with the uninoculated control. Emissions from the AN treatment were generally lower than those from CAN. Microbial-based treatments increased N2O emissions when applied with AN, with SBF resulting in the greatest flux. No differences in total CO2 emissions were observed among treatments when AN was applied. Microbial-based treatments increased CO2 emissions from soils fertilized with CAN and from the unfertilized control, indicating a possible increase in microbial activity. Overall, the results demonstrated that microbial-based inoculants can impact (reduce or increase) N2O emissions from soil. This response is highly dependent on the fertilizer type and microbial-based product applied. Future research is planned to determine the mechanisms involved in reducing N2O emissions when these microbial inoculants are added to the system. SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 181 IS 9-10 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1097/SS.0000000000000176 UT WOS:000387996600003 ER PT J AU Franzen, D Kitchen, N Holland, K Schepers, J Raun, W AF Franzen, Dave Kitchen, Newell Holland, Kyle Schepers, James Raun, William TI Algorithms for In-Season Nutrient Management in Cereals SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB The demand for improved decision-making products for cereal production systems has placed added emphasis on using plant sensors in-season, and that incorporate real-time, site specific, growing environments. The objectives of this work were to describe validated in-season sensor-based algorithms presently being used in cereal grain production systems for improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and cereal grain yields. A review of research programs in the central Great Plains that have developed sensor-based N recommendations for cereal crops was performed. Algorithms included multiple land-grant university, government, and industry programs. A common thread in this review is the use of active sensors, particularly those using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for quantifying differences in fertilized and non-fertilized areas, within a specific cropping season. In-season prediction of yield potential over different sites and years is possible using NDVI, planting date, sensing date, cumulative growing degree days (GDD), and rainfall. Other in-season environment-specific inputs have also been used. Early passive sensors have advanced to by-plant N fertilization using active NDVI and by-plant statistical properties. Most recently, sensor-based algorithm research has focused on the development of generalized mathematical models for determining optimal crop N application. The development and promotion of fee-based modeling approaches for nutrient management continues. Nonetheless, several algorithms using active sensors for in-season N management are available from state and government sources at no cost and that have been extensively field tested and can be modified by producers. RI Raun, William/A-3075-2017 OI Raun, William/0000-0002-1206-1105 SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1775 EP 1781 DI 10.2134/agronj2016.01.0041 UT WOS:000387553900002 ER PT J AU Timlin, D David, O Green, TR Fleisher, DH Kim, SH Ahuja, LR AF Timlin, Dennis David, Olaf Green, Timothy R. Fleisher, David H. Kim, Soo-Hyung Ahuja, Laj R. TI Proposed Standards for Peer-Reviewed Publication of Computer Code SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB The use of computers in agricultural research has expanded rapidly in recent years. Such code can be considered a scientific product that has applications in both research and education. Usage of this code can be expanded to a wide range of potential end users. We propose that the Agronomy Journal peer review and publish soft ware code in the form of small, self-contained modules. To do this, it is critical that the soft ware used in agricultural research be well documented and written in a clear, easily understandable format. Our objective is to outline consistent standards that can be used to publish peer-reviewed computer code. The goal of documenting source code is to inform the reader of the logic, meaning of variable names, and purpose of the various components of the code. Users who are not familiar with the code should be able to easily comprehend and use it. The documentation should include test data and a driver such that users can run the model and compare output to published results. Parameters and other input and output variables should be described in detail and documented so their source in the literature can be identified. Use of models by members of the scientific community and other end users can increase the impact of the developer's research and reduce costs of research devoted to modeling efforts. This article discusses necessary requirements to document and publish code that facilitates the reuse and modification of code. SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1782 EP 1786 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0481 UT WOS:000387553900003 ER PT J AU Han, K Han, X Curtis, DJ Kleinman, PJA Wang, D Wang, LQ AF Han, Kun Han, Xue Curtis, Dell J. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Wang, Dong Wang, Linquan TI Impact of Irrigation, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Spatial Management on Maize SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB Improving water and N use efficiency is essential to the sustainable intensification of irrigated agriculture, providing both crop production and environmental benefits. Partial root-zone irrigation has emerged as one of the most promising forms of deficit irrigation, irrigating only one side of the root zone during an irrigation event while keeping the other side dry. By alternating partial root-zone irrigation with N fertilization it is a possible trigger to physiologic responses in growing crops that reduce evapotranspiration as well as to curtail nitrate leaching associated with conventional irrigation. A growing body of research reveals that careful manipulation of irrigation and N fertilizer application increases maize yield, water use efficiency, and N use efficiency while decreasing soil N leaching, N2O emission, and NH3 loss. Success, however, hinges on tying management to the dynamics of soil moisture within fertilized furrows. SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1794 EP 1804 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0551 UT WOS:000387553900005 ER PT J AU Netthisinghe, AMP Woosley, PB Gilfillen, RA Willian, TW Sistani, KR Rowland, NS AF Netthisinghe, A. M. P. Woosley, P. B. Gilfillen, R. A. Willian, T. W. Sistani, K. R. Rowland, N. S. TI Corn Grain Yield and Soil Properties after 10 Years of Broiler Litter Amendment SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB Use of broiler litter (BL) nutrients for crop production benefits crops, soils, and aids in disposing manure. Understanding corn (Zea mays L.) grain production and soil properties resulting from long-term BL amendment helps establish a sustainable manure-based corn production with low environmental risk potential. This study conducted at Bowling Green, KY, during 2005 to 2015 examined effects of supplying N requirement of corn grain crop monoculture by broiler litter (full broiler litter, FBL), 1: 1 mixture of BL and inorganic N (half broiler litter rate, HBL), and chemical fertilizer (CF) on corn grain yield and post-harvest soil properties under no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). The FBL produced significantly higher grain yield (10.1 Mg ha(-1)) than the HBL (9.6 Mg ha(-1)), but similar to CF (9.8 Mg ha(-1)). The FBL soils had greater cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), and total nitrogen (TN) (15.5 cmol kg(-1); 45 and 2.9 g kg(-1)) than the HBL (12.3 cmol kg(-1); 42.3 and 2.4 g kg(-1)) and CF (10.1 cmol kg(-1); 35.5 and 1.7 g kg(-1)). The FBL and HBL soils had 478 and 270 mg P kg(-1); 15.7 and 9.6 mg Cu kg(-1); 40.9 and 21.1 mg Zn kg(-1) levels, respectively. Soil pH increased in the FBL, but decreased in CF. Soil nutrient aggregation rate was greater in the NT. Having lower soil nutrient accumulation than FBL and equivalent grain production potential as CF, HBL offers a better option for corn grain production with BL than by FBL. SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1816 EP 1823 DI 10.2134/agronj2016.02.0113 UT WOS:000387553900007 ER PT J AU Spargo, JT Cavigelli, MA Mirsky, SB Meisinger, JJ Ackroyd, VJ AF Spargo, J. T. Cavigelli, M. A. Mirsky, S. B. Meisinger, J. J. Ackroyd, V. J. TI Organic Supplemental Nitrogen Sources for Field Corn Production after a Hairy Vetch Cover Crop SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB Legume cover crops and organic amendments in combination could meet corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) needs while optimizing phosphorus (P) inputs. In a 2-yr field study, we characterized the N-mineralization dynamics and impacts on corn grain yield of feather meal (FM), poultry litter (PL), pelletized PL (PPL), and a PPL-FM blend (PFMB) with or without a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop. The four amendments, which differed substantially in chemical and laboratory N-release characteristics, provided corn yield benefits only when vetch biomass was low. In 2010, vetch produced 4630 kg biomass ha(-1) and increased corn grain yield from 8.7 to 13.3 Mg ha(-1) compared with a no-vetch treatment. Vetch alone supplied sufficient N to achieve maximum corn yield as determined using an ammonium nitrate fertilizer response curve embedded within the organic amendment experiment. In 2009, vetch produced only 1551 kg ha(-1) and provided no benefit to corn yield. Three of the organic amendments (all but PPL) increased corn yield by 1.8 to 2.3 Mg ha(-1) whether vetch was present or not. Phosphorus inputs from amendments were similar to, or lower than, P removal in corn grain harvest, indicating that amendments would not result in soil P accumulation at these application rates. Amendment costs differed substantially such that economic returns using PL would be considerably greater than with PPL, PFMB, or FM. Results show that considering legume cover crop biomass is critical to determining organic amendment applications. SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1992 EP 2002 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0485 UT WOS:000387553900024 ER PT J AU Collins, HP Kimura, E Frear, CS Kruger, CE AF Collins, Harold P. Kimura, Emi Frear, Craig S. Kruger, Chad E. TI Phosphorus Uptake by Potato from Fertilizers Recovered from Anaerobic Digestion SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB The rising costs of fertilizers have encouraged the development of technologies to recover nutrients from dairy, cattle, swine, and poultry operations. Field experiments were conducted in the Columbia Basin of Washington to assess the yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to application of P-enriched materials recovered from anaerobic digestion of manure. Four rates of P from five sources, three recovered from anaerobic digesters (AD), AD-dairy P-enriched fine solids (ADD), AD centrifuged poultry solids (ADP), and AD dairy struvite-P (ADS) compared to a commercial poultry fertilizer (PBP) were compared to mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) and non-amended control (No-P). Fertilized treatments had higher yields than the No-P treatment. Phosphorus source and application rate had significant effects on petiole P concentrations. Increases in petiole P concentrations averaged 300 to 500 mg kg(-1) tissue with each rate increase for MAP and ADS. Tuber yields among P fertilizers and rates of P application were not significant but were different between years, averaging 2 and 10 Mg ha(-1) fresh weight higher than the No-P treatment. Tuber size distribution showed a significant shift from smaller tubers <170 g to the 285+ g tuber classes. The P recovery efficiency averaged 42% among treatments receiving 56 kg P2O5 ha(-1) and declined to 22% for higher rates of ADS, ADD, and MAP. Recoveries were lowest for poultry derived materials, ranging 20 to 30%. The P fertilizer sources evaluated performed similarly when equal rates of P were applied and method of application was comparable. SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 BP 2036 EP 2049 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0302 UT WOS:000387553900028 ER PT J AU Maharjan, B Rosen, CJ Lamb, JA Venterea, RT AF Maharjan, Bijesh Rosen, Carl J. Lamb, John A. Venterea, Rodney T. TI Corn Response to Nitrogen Management under Fully-Irrigated vs. Water-Stressed Conditions SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB Characterizing corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield (GY) response to N is critical for maximizing profits, increasing N use efficiency and minimizing environmental impacts. Although a large database of GY response to N exists for highly productive soils, few data exist for less productive soils. While changes in precipitation are expected in the future, few studies have compared GY response to varying N management practices under conditions of varying water availability. We measured GY and basal stalk nitrate nitrogen (BSN) at harvest using split-applied urea at eight N rates under fully-irrigated (FI) and water-stressed (WS) conditions in a loamy sand over 2 yr (2009 and 2010). We also measured GY and BSN using single, pre-plant applications of urea, polymer-coated urea (PCU) and urea amended with urease and nitrification inhibitors (IU) at one or two N rates. The results showed that economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) and agronomic optimum nitrogen rate (AONR) did not vary by water management, in spite of significant increases in GY (up to 48%) under FI compared to WS. Modification of N fertilizer timing or N source was effective for increasing GY (by 18-41%) with FI, but did not affect GY under WS conditions. Averaged across years, BSN was greater with WS compared to FI at most N rates; however, BSN corresponding to AONR was within the optimal range for both water regimes. These findings may have important implications in areas where changes in irrigation practices or water availability are expected under future climate conditions. SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 BP 2089 EP 2098 DI 10.2134/agronj2016.01.0006 UT WOS:000387553900033 ER PT J AU Balzotti, CS Kitchen, SG McCarthy, C AF Balzotti, Christopher S. Kitchen, Stanley G. McCarthy, Clinton TI Beyond the single species climate envelope: a multifaceted approach to mapping climate change vulnerability SO ECOSPHERE AB Federal land management agencies and conservation organizations have begun incorporating climate change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) as an important component in the management and conservation of landscapes. It is often a challenge to translate that knowledge into management plans and actions, even when research infers species risk. Predictive maps can improve current CCVAs and assist in quantifying and visualizing species climate change vulnerability across large areas. We assessed the climate change risk for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) habitat at two spatial scales in Utah and Nevada. At the local scale, multiple species climate envelopes were evaluated with additional stressors (fire, conifer encroachment, invasive grass, and human impact) to create risk maps for mesic (Strawberry) and xeric (Sheeprock) sage-grouse landscapes in Utah. Both landscapes were predicted to be at risk, but Sheeprock was found to be at higher risk due to future climate change implications coupled with additional habitat-degrading stressors. By using models, we are able to integrate complex interactions, and visualize the distribution of risk across broad spatial scales, providing land managers and researchers a valuable tool for CCVA and action plans. SN 2150-8925 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 7 IS 9 AR e01444 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1444 UT WOS:000387210100006 ER PT J AU Stevens, JT Collins, BM Long, JW North, MP Prichard, SJ Tarnay, LW White, AM AF Stevens, Jens T. Collins, Brandon M. Long, Jonathan W. North, Malcolm P. Prichard, Susan J. Tarnay, Leland W. White, Angela M. TI Evaluating potential trade-offs among fuel treatment strategies in mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada SO ECOSPHERE AB Fuel treatments in fire-suppressed mixed-conifer forests are designed to moderate potential wildfire behavior and effects. However, the objectives for modifying potential fire effects can vary widely, from improving fire suppression efforts and protecting infrastructure, to reintroducing low-severity fire, to restoring and maintaining variable forest structure and wildlife habitat. In designing a fuel treatment, managers can alter the treatment's prescription, placement, and extent (collectively the "treatment strategy") to optimally meet one objective. However, the potential for trade-offs among different objectives is rarely tested systematically in fire-prone landscapes. To evaluate trade-offs in mechanical fuel treatment objectives related to fire severity, smoke production, forest heterogeneity, and avian wildlife habitat, we used a cross-platform modeling approach based on spatially explicit modifications of forest structure data for a 7820-ha landscape in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California. We examine whether (1) a more uniform treatment strategy aimed at fire hazard reduction (FHR) had negative effects on wildlife diversity, (2) a strategy focused on protecting the wildland-urban interface (WUI) left other portions of the landscape vulnerable to high-severity fire, and (3) increasing the extent of fuel treatments across the landscape led to greater reductions in fire severity and smoke emissions. When approximately 13% of the landscape was treated, the proportion of the landscape vulnerable to high-severity fire decreased by 13-44%, with the more uniform FHR strategy leading to greater reductions. Slight increases in predicted avian species richness that followed all treatment strategies were not closely linked to increases in canopy variability. The WUI protection strategy led to considerable reductions in fire severity at the landscape scale. Increasing the extent of treatments to 30% of the landscape did little to further reduce the area vulnerable to high-severity fire, with additional reductions of 4-7% depending on the prescription. However, increasing the extent of treatments reduced the extent of harmful downwind smoke impacts, primarily by reducing rate of fire spread. Treatment strategies will depend on specific management objectives, but we illustrate that trade-offs are not necessarily inherent in general outcomes of fuel treatments. OI Stevens, Jens/0000-0002-2234-1960 SN 2150-8925 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 7 IS 9 AR e01445 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1445 UT WOS:000387210100007 ER PT J AU Xia, J Dunlap, CA Flor-Weiler, L Rooney, AP Chen, GJ Du, ZJ AF Xia, Jun Dunlap, Christopher A. Flor-Weiler, Lina Rooney, Alejandro P. Chen, Guan-Jun Du, Zong-Jun TI Longibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY AB A bacterial strain, designated WDS2C18(T), was isolated from a marine solar saltern from the coast of Weihai, Shandong Province, China. Cells of strain WDS2C18(T) were long rod-shaped, red, and approximately 6.0-12.0 mu m in length and 0.3-0.4 mu m in width. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Optimal growth was observed at 40 degrees C, at pH 7.5-8.0 with 8-12% (w/v) NaCl. Nitrate was not reduced. Glycerol, sucrose, starch and D-mannitol stimulated growth, but not glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-lactose, maltose, D-mannose, D-xylose, D-ribose, D-arabinose, L-rhamnose or cellobiose. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 58.1 mol% (HPLC). The sole methyl naphthoquinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10 %) were iso-C-15 : 0 2-OH/C-16 : 1 omega 7c, iso-C-17 : 1 omega 9c, iso-C-15 : 0 and iso-C-17 : 0. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid, three unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, demonstrated that strain WDS2C18(T) was affiliated with the family Rhodothermaceae. The closest related neighbours were species of the genera Salisaeta andLongimonas; strain WDS2C18(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Salisaeta longa DSM 21114(T) (91.7 %) and Longimonas halophila SYD6(T) (90.8 %) and less than 90.0% to other species of the family Rhodothermaceae. On the basis of these phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain WDS2C18(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Rhodothermaceae, for which the name Longibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Longibacter salinarum is WDS2C18(T) (= MCCC 1H00132(T) = KCTC 52045(T)). SN 1466-5026 EI 1466-5034 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 66 BP 3287 EP 3292 DI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001190 PN 9 UT WOS:000386871200007 PM 27226210 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Harrison, NA Zhao, Y Wei, W Dally, EL AF Davis, Robert E. Harrison, Nigel A. Zhao, Yan Wei, Wei Dally, Ellen L. TI 'Candidatus Phytoplasma hispanicum', a novel taxon associated with Mexican periwinkle virescence disease of Catharanthus roseus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY AB Mexican periwinkle virescence (MPV) phytoplasma was originally discovered in diseased plants of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) in Yucatan, Mexico. On the basis of results from RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain MPV was previously classified as the first known member of phytoplasma group 16SrXIII, and a new subgroup (16SrXIII-A) was established to accommodate MPV phytoplasma. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain MPV represents a lineage distinct from previously described 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' species. Nucleotide sequence alignments revealed that strain MPV shared less than 97.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with all previously described 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species. Based on unique properties of the DNA, we propose recognition of Mexican periwinkle virescence phytoplasma strain MPV as representative of a novel taxon, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma hispanicum'. SN 1466-5026 EI 1466-5034 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 66 BP 3463 EP 3467 DI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001218 PN 9 UT WOS:000386871200035 PM 27266266 ER PT J AU Rooney, AP Dunlap, CA Flor-Weiler, LB AF Rooney, Alejandro P. Dunlap, Christopher A. Flor-Weiler, Lina B. TI Acinetobacter lactucae sp nov., isolated from iceberg lettuce (Asteraceae: Lactuca sativa) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY AB Strain NRRL B-41902(T) and three closely related strains were isolated from iceberg lettuce. The strain was found to consist of strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods that formed cocci in late stationary phase. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NRRL B-41902(T) was most closely related to species within the genera Acinetobacter, and that a grouping of it and the three other closely related strains was most closely related to the type strain of Acinetobacter pittii, which was also confirmed through a phylogenomic analysis. Moreover, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed a substantial amount of genomic divergence (39.1 %) between strain NRRL B-41902(T) and the type strain of A. pittii, which is expected if the strains represent distinct species. Further phenotypic analysis revealed that strain NRRL B-41902(T) was able to utilize a combination of L-serine, citraconic acid and citramalic acid, which differentiated it from other, closely related Acinetobacter species. Therefore, strain NRRL B-41902(T) (=CCUG 68785(T)) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Acinetobacter lactucae sp. nov. SN 1466-5026 EI 1466-5034 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 66 BP 3566 EP 3572 DI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001234 PN 9 UT WOS:000386871200051 PM 27339105 ER PT J AU Millar, JG Baker, TC Zhu, JWJ AF Millar, Jocelyn G. Baker, Thomas C. Zhu, Junwei J. TI Delivering on the Promise of Pheromones - Part 2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 42 IS 9 BP 851 EP 852 DI 10.1007/s10886-016-0781-0 PN 2 UT WOS:000387605500001 PM 27766454 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL Hall, DG George, J AF Lapointe, Stephen L. Hall, David G. George, Justin TI A Phagostimulant Blend for the Asian Citrus Psyllid SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY AB Chemical cues that elicit orientation by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), are of interest because it is the primary vector of the causal pathogen of citrus greening disease. Non-pesticidal control methods for D. citri remain a high priority for the citrus industry. While searching for semiochemicals that may be involved in orientation to host plants, we previously identified a blend of formic and acetic acids that stimulated substrate probing by D. citri. Here, we applied geometric mixture designs and response surface modeling to identify and optimize a 3-component blend that further increased the number of salivary sheaths produced by D. citri on a wax substrate containing a 3.5:1.6:1 blend of formic acid, acetic acid, and p-cymene, respectively. No evidence was found for remote orientation by D. citri adults through olfaction to the phagostimulant blends. Increased probing in response to the presence of phagostimulants in the wax matrix occurred after contact with the substrate. Yellow wax beads always attracted more D. citri adults and received more probes compared with white wax beads. Yellow beads containing the 3-component blend of phagostimulants were probed by D. citri 2 to 3 times more often compared with yellow beads alone. The phagostimulant effect also was tested by covering wax beads containing the 3-component blend with a plastic film to minimize olfaction or contact chemoreception by antennation. The plastic film did not affect the probing response, thus suggesting that chemosensation was associated with mouthparts and not olfactory receptors. Salivary sheaths produced in wax beads containing the phagostimulant blend were 4.5 times longer than sheaths produced in beads without tastants. This phenomenon might be used to improve a trap, design an attract-and-kill product, or enhance other means of managing D. citri and citrus greening disease. SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 42 IS 9 BP 941 EP 951 DI 10.1007/s10886-016-0745-4 PN 2 UT WOS:000387605500010 PM 27542089 ER PT J AU Canning, P Weersink, A Kelly, J AF Canning, Patrick Weersink, Alfons Kelly, Jessica TI Farm share of the food dollar: an IO approach for the United States and Canada SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB This article develops a method for using input-output data to calculate a farm share estimate for all food rather than the typical approach of estimating a price spread for an individual product. The farm share of the food dollar is approximately 14% in the United States and 17% in Canada. The farm share increased somewhat during the commodity price boom but has generally fallen steadily by approximately 20% since 1997. While the farm share of expenditures on food for home consumption is approximately 22% across both countries, it is 4% in the United States and 7% in Canada for meals consumed away from home. The empirical framework can be extended to other countries given the extensive use of System of National Account data making international and temporal comparisons possible across farm and food marketing systems. SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 47 IS 5 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.1111/agec.12250 UT WOS:000386676100003 ER PT J AU Hagstrom, AD Marshall, PWM Lonsdale, C Cheema, BS Singh, MAF Green, S AF Hagstrom, A. D. Marshall, P. W. M. Lonsdale, C. Cheema, B. S. Singh, M. A. Fiatarone Green, S. TI Resistance training improves fatigue and quality of life in previously sedentary breast cancer survivors: a randomised controlled trial SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE AB The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of resistance training (RT) on quality of life (QOL) and fatigue in breast cancer survivors as an adjunct to usual care. We recruited 39 women who had survived breast cancer [mean age (y) 51.9 +/- 8.8; time since diagnosis (m) 11.6 +/- 13.2]. Primary outcomes were fatigue as assessed by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue (FACIT) scale and QOL as assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) scale. ANCOVA was used to assess the change in the primary outcomes while controlling for baseline values, with effect sizes (ES) displayed as partial Eta squared. The experimental group received supervised RT 3days per week in a university clinic for 16weeks. Perceptions of fatigue improved significantly in the RT group compared to controls [mean (SD) 6.7 (7.5) points vs. 1.5 (3.7) points], (P=0.006, ES=0.20) as did QOL [6.9 (8.5) points vs. 1.6 (4.4) points], (P=0.015, ES=0.16). We demonstrated both statistically and clinically important improvements in fatigue and QOL in response to RT in breast cancer survivors. OI Lonsdale, Chris/0000-0002-2523-5565 SN 0961-5423 EI 1365-2354 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 25 IS 5 BP 784 EP 794 DI 10.1111/ecc.12422 UT WOS:000383567800009 PM 26593858 ER PT J AU Estill, MS Bolnick, JM Waterland, RA Bolnick, AD Diamond, MP Krawetz, SA AF Estill, Molly S. Bolnick, Jay M. Waterland, Robert A. Bolnick, Alan D. Diamond, Michael P. Krawetz, Stephen A. TI Assisted reproductive technology alters deoxyribonucleic acid methylation profiles in bloodspots of newborn infants SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY AB Objective: To evaluate the effect of infertility and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) on DNA methylation of offspring. Design: Microarray analysis of DNA methylation in archived neonatal bloodspots of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/ICSI-conceived children compared with controls born to fertile and infertile parents. Setting: Academic research laboratory. Patient(s): : Neonatal blood spots of 137 newborns conceived spontaneously, through intrauterine insemination (IUI), or through ICSI using fresh or cryopreserved (frozen) embryo transfer. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450k BeadChip assay determined genome-wide DNA methylation. Methylation differences between conception groups were detected using a Bioconductor package, ChAMP, in conjunction with Adjacent Site Clustering (A-clustering). Result(s): The methylation profiles of assisted reproductive technology and IUI newborns were dramatically different from those of naturally (in vivo) conceived newborns. Interestingly, the profiles of ICSI-frozen (FET) and IUI infants were strikingly similar, suggesting that cryopreservation may temper some of the epigenetic aberrations induced by IVF or ICSI. The DNA methylation changes associated with IVF/ICSI culture conditions and/or parental infertility were detected at metastable epialleles, suggesting a lasting impact on a child's epigenome. Conclusion(s): Both infertility and ICSI alter DNA methylation at specific genomic loci, an effect that is mitigated to some extent by FET. The impact of assisted reproductive technology and/or fertility status on metastable epialleles in humans was uncovered. This study provides an expanded set of loci for future investigations on IVF populations. (C)2016 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. SN 0015-0282 EI 1556-5653 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 106 IS 3 BP 629 EP + DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.05.006 UT WOS:000386569800027 PM 27288894 ER PT J AU Salgado-Salazar, C Rossman, AY Chaverri, P AF Salgado-Salazar, Catalina Rossman, Amy Y. Chaverri, Priscila TI The genus Thelonectria (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and closely related species with cylindrocarpon-like asexual states SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY AB The genus Thelonectria and closely related species with cylindrocarpon-like asexual states are a group of perithecial ascomycetes in the family Nectriaceae that occur as saprobes and in few cases as pathogens of hardwood trees, shrubs or other plants. Although a key component of forest ecosystems around the world, species relationships and distributions of these fungi are largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to: 1) infer species rank phylogenetic relationships of the genus Thelonectria and closely related species with cylindrocarpon-like asexual states and test the monophyly of each of the groups studied; 2) delimit taxa establishing taxon circumscriptions; 3) resolve nomenclatural issues by identifying redundantly used names and synonyms; and 4) provide an updated outline to the genus, geographical distributions data and identification tools, specifically diagnostic keys and molecular data that can be used as molecular barcodes. The recovered consensus phylogeny resulted in a narrow circumscription of the genus Thelonectria, based on the type T. discophora, excluding one of the common species T. jungneri. According to the phylogenetic analyses, T. jungneri belongs in a segregate clade that should be recognized as a different genus. In the genus Thelonectria, a total of four new species and three new combinations are recognized. Additionally, three new genera, closely related to Thelonectria, are described to accommodate species displaying a morphological resemblance to those of Thelonectria: Cinnamomeonectria gen. nov. with C. cinnamomea as type species, Macronectria gen. nov. with M. jungneri as type species and including four additional newly described species, and Tumenectria gen. nov. with T. laetidisca as type species. OI Salgado Salazar, Catalina/0000-0002-4156-692X SN 1560-2745 EI 1878-9129 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 80 IS 1 BP 411 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s13225-016-0365-x UT WOS:000386665700007 ER PT J AU Evans, MN Selmer, KJ Breeden, BT Lopatka, AS Plummer, RE AF Evans, M. N. Selmer, K. J. Breeden, B. T., III Lopatka, A. S. Plummer, R. E. TI Correction algorithm for online continuous flow C-13 and O-18 carbonate and cellulose stable isotope analyses SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS AB We describe an algorithm to correct for scale compression, runtime drift, and amplitude effects in carbonate and cellulose oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses made on two online continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS) systems using gas chromatographic (GC) separation. We validate the algorithm by correcting measurements of samples of known isotopic composition which are not used to estimate the corrections. For carbonate C-13 (O-18) data, median precision of validation estimates for two reference materials and two calibrated working standards is 0.05 (0.07); median bias is 0.04 (0.02) over a range of 49.2 parts per thousand (24.3 parts per thousand). For -cellulose C-13 (O-18) data, median precision of validation estimates for one reference material and five working standards is 0.11 parts per thousand (0.27 parts per thousand); median bias is 0.13 parts per thousand (-0.10 parts per thousand) over a range of 16.1 parts per thousand (19.1 parts per thousand). These results are within the 5th-95th percentile range of subsequent routine runtime validation exercises in which one working standard is used to calibrate the other. Analysis of the relative importance of correction steps suggests that drift and scale-compression corrections are most reliable and valuable. If validation precisions are not already small, routine cross-validated precision estimates are improved by up to 50% (80%). The results suggest that correction for systematic error may enable these particular CF-IRMS systems to produce C-13 and O-18 carbonate and cellulose isotopic analyses with higher validated precision, accuracy, and throughput than is typically reported for these systems. The correction scheme may be used in support of replication-intensive research projects in paleoclimatology and other data-intensive applications within the geosciences. SN 1525-2027 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 17 IS 9 BP 3580 EP 3588 DI 10.1002/2016GC006469 UT WOS:000386929500004 ER PT J AU Brown, DJ Nelson, MD Rugg, DJ Buech, RR Donner, DM AF Brown, Donald J. Nelson, Mark D. Rugg, David J. Buech, Richard R. Donner, Deahn M. TI Spatial and Temporal Habitat-Use Patterns of Wood Turtles at the Western Edge of Their Distribution SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY AB Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) are a state threatened species at the western edge of their geographic distribution in Minnesota, United States. There is currently little published information regarding habitat use of western populations to assist with conservation initiatives. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate habitat use of a population of Wood Turtles in northeastern Minnesota to determine if habitat-use patterns were similar to other regions. In addition, we assessed the efficacy of two land-cover data sets (National Land Cover Dataset and LANDFIRE Existing Vegetation Type), relative to an aerial-photo-based habitat layer, for assessing habitat use and delineating preferred or avoided habitat classes. We performed this analysis to gauge the value of widely used habitat layers for Wood Turtle management and research. We used radio telemetry data collected on 8 males and 14 females between May and November 1990 to assess habitat associations and space-use patterns. We found that Wood Turtles heavily used and generally remained within 100 m of flowing water. Individuals also appeared to prefer other aquatic and semiaquatic habitats when not in or adjacent to flowing water. Despite this population inhabiting a primarily forested landscape, we found little evidence that forest habitat classes were preferred by this species; however, forest age could be an important variable, with younger, more open forest types being used more frequently. We found that neither NLCD nor LANDFIRE were adequate for assessing habitat associations or delineating habitat classes at the scale at which Wood Turtles use the landscape. SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 50 IS 3 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1670/15-139 UT WOS:000386669700002 ER PT J AU Dura, A Yokoyama, W Rosell, CM AF Dura, A. Yokoyama, W. Rosell, C. M. TI Glycemic Response to Corn Starch Modified with Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase and its Relationship to Physical Properties SO PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION AB Corn starch was modified with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) below the gelatinization temperature. The porous granules with or without CGTase hydrolysis products may be used as an alternative to modified corn starches in foods applications. The amount and type of hydrolysis products were determined, containing mainly beta-cyclodextrin (CD), which will influence pasting behavior and glycemic response in mice. Irregular surface and small holes were observed by microscopic analysis and differences in pasting properties were observed in the presence of hydrolysis products. Postprandial blood glucose in mice fed gelatinized enzymatically modified starch peaked earlier than their ungelatinized counterparts. However, in ungelatinized enzymatically modified starches, the presence of beta- CD may inhibit the orientation of amylases slowing hydrolysis, which may help to maintain lower blood glucose levels. Significant correlations were found between glycemic curves and viscosity pattern of starches. RI Rosell, Cristina/F-4888-2010 OI Rosell, Cristina/0000-0001-7197-5874 SN 0921-9668 EI 1573-9104 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 71 IS 3 BP 252 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s11130-016-0553-6 UT WOS:000386887700005 PM 27277075 ER PT J AU Hurisso, TT Culman, SW Horwath, WR Wade, J Cass, D Beniston, JW Bowles, TM Grandy, AS Franzluebbers, AJ Schipanski, ME Lucas, ST Ugarte, CM AF Hurisso, Tunsisa T. Culman, Steve W. Horwath, William R. Wade, Jordon Cass, Deandra Beniston, Joshua W. Bowles, Timothy M. Grandy, A. Stuart Franzluebbers, Alan J. Schipanski, Meagan E. Lucas, Shawn T. Ugarte, Carmen M. TI Comparison of Permanganate-Oxidizable Carbon and Mineralizable Carbon for Assessment of Organic Matter Stabilization and Mineralization SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL AB Permanganate-oxidizable C (POXC) and mineralizable C (as determined by short-term aerobic incubation of rewetted soil) are measures of active organic matter that may provide early indication of soil C stabilization and mineralization processes. To date, the relationship between these two promising active organic matter tests has not been comprehensively evaluated, and little is known about their functional role in the soil ecosystem. Here, we examined the relationship between POXC and mineralizable C across a wide range of soil types, management histories, and geographic locations across the United States (13 studies, 76 total sites; n = 1071) and the ability of POXC and mineralizable C to predict crop yield and total aboveground biomass. Results from this comparative analysis showed that POXC and mineralizable C are related (r(2) = 0.15-0.80) but that the relationship was differentially influenced by management practices. Overall, POXC better reflected practices that promote organic matter accumulation or stabilization and therefore can be a useful indicator of long-term soil C sequestration. Conversely, mineralizable C better reflected practices that promote organic matter mineralization and therefore can be a useful indicator of short-term soil nutrient availability. Our results also show that both mineralizable C and POXC were better predictors of corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield, aboveground biomass, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit yield than other soil C fractions evaluated here. Thus, the integrated use of POXC and mineralizable C can provide a complementary framework to assess the relative dynamics of soil C stabilization and nutrient mineralization functions in agroecosystems. SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1352 EP 1364 DI 10.2136/sssaj2016.04.0106 UT WOS:000386463900022 ER PT J AU Zaibon, S Anderson, SH Kitchen, NR Haruna, SI AF Zaibon, Syaharudin Anderson, Stephen H. Kitchen, Newell R. Haruna, Samuel I. TI Hydraulic Properties Affected by Topsoil Thickness in Switchgrass and Corn-Soybean Cropping Systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL AB Loss of productive topsoil by erosion with time can reduce the productive capacity of soil and can significantly affect soil physical and hydraulic properties. This study evaluated the effects of reduced topsoil thickness and perennial switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) vs. a corn (Zea mays L.)-soy-bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation on soil bulk density (rho(b)), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat), soil water retention, and pore size distributions. The experiment was conducted at the University of Missouri South Farm on a Mexico silt loam (a Vertic Epiaqualf). Plots with the corn-soybean rotation and switchgrass were established in 2009 with four replicates. Twenty-seven years after establishment, plots with selected topsoil thickness were grouped into four treatments (TopA [4 cm], TopB [11 cm], TopC [22 cm], and TopD [36 cm]). Undisturbed soil cores, 76 by 76 mm, were collected by 10- cm depth increments from the surface to the 40-cm depth. Results showed that soil under switchgrass had 53 and 27% higher macroporosity (>1000- mu m diameter) and coarse mesoporosity (60-1000-mu m diameter), respectively, than row crop management. This led to 73% greater K-sat and 11% higher water content at saturation than row crop management. Thicker topsoil treatments (TopC and TopD) had consistently lower rho(b) and greater K-sat than the shallow topsoil treatments (TopA and TopB) for all sampling depths. These results imply that switchgrass production systems significantly improve soil hydraulic properties, particularly in eroded claypan landscapes. SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1365 EP 1376 DI 10.2136/sssaj2016.04.0111 UT WOS:000386463900023 ER PT J AU Reeves, JL Liebig, MA AF Reeves, Justin L. Liebig, Mark A. TI Depth Matters: Soil pH and Dilution Effects in the Northern Great Plains SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL AB In the northern Great Plains (NGP) of North America, surface sampling depths of 0 to 15 or 0 to 20 cm are suggested for testing soil characteristics such as pH. However, acidification is often most pronounced near the soil surface. Thus, sampling deeper can potentially dilute (increase) pH measurements and therefore change management recommendations. Here, we show evidence from two long-term (16-19 yr) dryland cropping experiments that soil acidification at 0 to 7.6 cm was notably diluted at both 0 to 15.2 and 0 to 30.5 cm. There were significant differences among depths for both final pH and pH change over time, with final pH being progressively higher and pH change smaller at deeper depths. Even in the relatively young, highly buffered NGP soils, acidification can occur, and sampling depth for testing pH could be an important confounding factor. We suggest sampling soils at depths <8 cm for testing pH in the NGP. SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1424 EP 1427 DI 10.2136/sssaj2016.02.0036n UT WOS:000386463900028 ER PT J AU Koster, RD Brocca, L Crow, WT Burgin, MS De Lannoy, GJM AF Koster, Randal D. Brocca, Luca Crow, Wade T. Burgin, Mariko S. De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M. TI Precipitation estimation using L-band and C-band soil moisture retrievals SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB An established methodology for estimating precipitation amounts from satellite-based soil moisture retrievals is applied to L-band products from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite missions and to a C-band product from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) mission. The precipitation estimates so obtained are evaluated against in situ (gauge-based) precipitation observations from across the globe. The precipitation estimation skill achieved using the L-band SMAP and SMOS data sets is higher than that obtained with the C-band product, as might be expected given that L-band is sensitive to a thicker layer of soil and thereby provides more information on the response of soil moisture to precipitation. The square of the correlation coefficient between the SMAP-based precipitation estimates and the observations (for aggregations to approximate to 100 km and 5 days) is on average about 0.6 in areas of high rain gauge density. Satellite missions specifically designed to monitor soil moisture thus do provide significant information on precipitation variability, information that could contribute to efforts in global precipitation estimation. RI Brocca, Luca/F-2854-2010; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012 OI Brocca, Luca/0000-0002-9080-260X; Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383 SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 52 IS 9 BP 7213 EP 7225 DI 10.1002/2016WR019024 UT WOS:000386977900029 ER PT J AU Kuchler, F Arnade, C AF Kuchler, Fred Arnade, Carlos TI Consumers' welfare and off-season produce imports SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB In recent years, produce imports to the United States from the southern hemisphere made wintertime consumption common. Focusing on imports of fresh berries - strawberries, blueberries, blackberries and raspberries - this study asks what is the value to consumers of increasing the availability of berries in winter? The study adapts Hausman's new product introduction methods. The largest benefits were associated with initiating trade. Further increases suggest smaller benefits. Among the four berries, consumer benefits of initiating trade are largest for strawberries at $2.5 billion, over twice current expenditures. Further price reductions might generate further benefits of $520 million annually. SN 0165-1587 EI 1464-3618 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 43 IS 4 BP 585 EP 608 DI 10.1093/erae/jbv032 UT WOS:000386026600003 ER PT J AU Gilbert, MJ Miller, WG Yee, E Kik, M Zomer, AL Wagenaar, JA Duim, B AF Gilbert, Maarten J. Miller, William G. Yee, Emma Kik, Marja Zomer, Aldert L. Wagenaar, Jaap A. Duim, Birgitta TI Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter iguaniorum to Unravel Genetic Regions Associated with Reptilian Hosts SO GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Campylobacter iguaniorum is most closely related to the species C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, and C. lanienae. Reptiles, chelonians and lizards in particular, appear to be a primary reservoir of this Campylobacter species. Here we report the genome comparison of C. iguaniorumstrain 1485E, isolated from a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), and strain 2463D, isolated from a green iguana (Iguana iguana), with the genomes of closely related taxa, in particular with reptile-associated C. fetus subsp. testudinum. In contrast to C. fetus, C. iguaniorum is lacking an S-layer encoding region. Furthermore, a defined lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus, encoding multiple glycosyltransferases and bounded by waa genes, is absent from C. iguaniorum. Instead, multiple predicted glycosylation regions were identified in C. iguaniorum. One of these regions is >50 kb with deviant G+C content, suggesting acquisition via lateral transfer. These similar, but non-homologous glycosylation regions were located at the same position on the genome in both strains. Multiple genes encoding respiratory enzymes not identified to date within the C. fetus clade were present. C. iguaniorum shared highest homology with C. hyointestinalis and C. fetus. As in reptile-associated C. fetus subsp. testudinum, a putative tricarballylate catabolism locus was identified. However, despite colonizing a shared host, no recent recombination between both taxa was detected. This genomic study provides a better understanding of host adaptation, virulence, phylogeny, and evolution of C. iguaniorum and related Campylobacter taxa. SN 1759-6653 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 9 BP 3022 EP 3029 DI 10.1093/gbe/evw218 UT WOS:000386122800010 PM 27604878 ER PT J AU Kramer, MH Paparozzi, ET Stroup, WW AF Kramer, Matthew H. Paparozzi, Ellen T. Stroup, Walter W. TI Statistics in a Horticultural Journal: Problems and Solutions SO HORTSCIENCE AB We examined all articles in volume 139 and the first issue of volume 140 of the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (JASHS) for statistical problems. Slightly fewer than half appeared to have problems. This is consistent with what has been found for other biological journals. Problems ranged from inappropriate analyses and statistical procedures to insufficient (or complete lack of) information on how the analyses were performed. A common problem arose from taking many measurements from the same plant, which leads to correlated test results, ignored when declaring significance at P = 0.05 for each test. In this case, experiment-wise error control is lacking. We believe that many of these problems could and should have been caught in the writing or review process; i.e., identifying them did not require an extensive statistics background. This suggests that authors and reviewers have not absorbed nor kept current with many of the statistical basics needed for understanding their own data, for conducting proper statistical analyses, and for communicating their results. For a variety of reasons, graduate training in statistics for horticulture majors appears inadequate; we suggest that researchers in this field actively seek out opportunities to improve and update their statistical knowledge throughout their careers and engage a statistician as a collaborator early when unfamiliar methods are needed to design or analyze a research study. In addition, the ASHS, which publishes three journals, should assist authors, reviewers, and editors by recognizing and supporting the need for continuing education in quantitative literacy. SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 51 IS 9 BP 1073 EP 1078 UT WOS:000385786000001 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Cottrell, TE Mizell, RF Horton, DL AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Cottrell, Ted E. Mizell, Russell F., III Horton, Dan L. TI Curative Control of the Peachtree Borer Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY AB The peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say 1823), is a major pest of stone fruit trees in North America. Current management relies upon preventative control using broad-spectrum chemical insecticides, primarily chlorpyrifos, applied in the late summer or early fall. However, due to missed applications, poor application timing, or other factors, high levels of S. exitiosa infestation may still occur and persist through the following spring. Curative treatments applied in the spring to established infestations would limit damage to the tree and prevent the next generation of S. exitiosa from emerging within the orchard. However, such curative measures for control of S. exitiosa do not exist. Our objective was to measure the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, as a curative control for existing infestations of S. exitiosa. In peach orchards, spring applications of S. carpocapsae (obtained from a commercial source) were made to infested trees and compared with chlorpyrifos and a water-only control in 2014 and 2015. Additionally, types of spray equipment were compared: nematodes were applied via boom sprayer, handgun, or trunk sprayer. To control for effects of application method or nematode source, in vivo laboratory-grown S. carpocapsae, applied using a watering can, was also included. Treatment effects were assessed 39 d (2014) or 19 d (2015) later by measuring percentage of trees still infested, and also number of surviving S. exitiosa larvae per tree. Results indicated that S. carpocapsae provided significant curative control (e.g., >80% corrected control for the handgun application). In contrast, chlorpyrifos failed to reduce S. exitiosa infestations or number of surviving larvae. In most comparisons, no effect of nematode application method was detected; in one assessment, only the handgun and watering can methods reduced infestation. In conclusion, our study indicates that S. carpocapsae may be used as an effective curative measure for S. exitiosa infestations. SN 0022-300X PD SEP PY 2016 VL 48 IS 3 BP 170 EP 176 UT WOS:000386114600006 PM 27765990 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Walters, TW AF Zasada, Inga A. Walters, Thomas W. TI Effect of Application Timing of Oxamyl in Nonbearing Raspberry for Pratylenchus penetrans Management SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY AB In 2012, the Washington raspberry (Rubus idaeus) industry received a special local needs (SLN) 24(c) label to apply Vydate L (R) (active ingredient oxamyl) to nonbearing raspberry for the management of Pratylenchus penetrans. This is a new use pattern of this nematicide for raspberry growers; therefore, research was conducted to identify the optimum spring application timing of oxamyl for the suppression of P. penetrans. Three on-farm trials in each of 2012 and 2013 were established in Washington in newly planted raspberry trials on a range of varieties. Oxamyl was applied twice in April (2013 only), May, and June, and these treatments were compared to each other as well as a nontreated control. Population densities of P. penetrans were determined in the fall and spring postoxamyl applications for at least 1.5 years. Plant vigor was also evaluated in the trials. Combined results from 2012 and 2013 trials indicated that application timing in the spring was not critical. Oxamyl application reduced root P. penetrans population densities in all six trials. Reductions in P. penetrans population densities in roots of oxamyl-treated plants, regardless of application timing, ranged from 62% to 99% of densities in nontreated controls. Phytotoxicity to newly planted raspberry was never observed in any of the trials. A nonbearing application of oxamyl is an important addition to current control methods used to manage P. penetrans in raspberry in Washington. SN 0022-300X PD SEP PY 2016 VL 48 IS 3 BP 177 EP 182 UT WOS:000386114600007 PM 27765991 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Rosskopf, EN Butler, DM Fennimore, SA Holzinger, J AF Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy Rosskopf, Erin N. Butler, David M. Fennimore, Steven A. Holzinger, John TI Evaluation of Steam and Soil Solarization for Meloidogyne arenaria Control in Florida Floriculture Crops SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY AB Steam and soil solarization were investigated for control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in 2 yr of field trials on a commercial flower farm in Florida. The objective was to determine if preplant steam treatments in combination with solarization, or solarization alone effectively controlled nematodes compared to methyl bromide (MeBr). Trials were conducted in a field with naturally occurring populations of M. arenaria. Treatments were solarization alone, steam treatment after solarization using standard 7.6-cm-diameter perforated plastic drain tile (steam 1), steam treatment following solarization using custom-drilled plastic drain tile with 1.6-mm holes spaced every 3.8 cm (steam 2), and MeBr applied at 392 kg/ha 80: 20 MeBr: chloropicrin. Drain tiles were buried approximately 35 cm deep with four tiles per 1.8 by 30 m plot. Steam application followed a 4-wk solarization period concluding in mid-October. All steam was generated using a Sioux propane boiler system. Plots were steamed for sufficient time to reach the target temperature of 70 degrees C for 20 min. Solarization plastic was retained on the plots during steaming and plots were covered with a single layer of carpet padding to provide additional insulation. The floriculture crops larkspur (Delphinium elatum and Delphinium 3 belladonna), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) were produced according to standard commercial practices. One month after treatment in both years of the study, soil populations of M. arenaria were lower in both steam treatments and in MeBr compared to solarization alone. At the end of the season in both years, galling on larkspur, snapdragon, and sunflowers was lower in both steam treatments than in solarization. Both steam treatments also provided control of M. arenaria in soil at the end of the season comparable to, or exceeding that provided by MeBr. Both steam treatments also reduced M. arenaria in snapdragon roots comparable to, or exceeding control with MeBr. Meloidogyne arenaria in soil increased in solarization alone. Solarization alone also had higher gall ratings on larkspur, snapdragon, and sunflower than all other treatments. Steam provided excellent control of M. arenaria in this study. SN 0022-300X PD SEP PY 2016 VL 48 IS 3 BP 183 EP 192 UT WOS:000386114600008 PM 27765992 ER PT J AU Haight, JE Laursen, GA Glaeser, JA Taylor, DL AF Haight, John-Erich Laursen, Gary A. Glaeser, Jessie A. Taylor, D. Lee TI Phylogeny of Fomitopsis pinicola: a species complex SO MYCOLOGIA AB Fungal species with a broad distribution may exhibit considerable genetic variation over their geographic ranges. Variation may develop among populations based on geographic isolation, lack of migration, and genetic drift, though this genetic variation may not always be evident when examining phenotypic characters. Fomitopsis pinicola is an abundant saprotrophic fungus found on decaying logs throughout temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Phylogenetic studies have addressed the relationship of F. pinicola to other wood-rotting fungi, but pan-continental variation within F. pinicola has not been addressed using molecular data. While forms found growing on hardwood and softwood hosts exhibit variation in habit and appearance, it is unknown if these forms are genetically distinct. In this study, we generated DNA sequences of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the TEF1 gene encoding translation elongation factor 1-alpha, and the RPB2 gene encoding the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II for collections across all major geographic regions where this fungus occurs, with a primary focus on North America. We used Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses and evaluated the gene trees within the species tree using coalescent methods to elucidate evolutionarily independent lineages. We find that F. pinicola sensu lato encompasses four well-supported, congruent clades: a European Glade, southwestern US Glade, and two sympatric northern North American clades. Each Glade represents distinct species according to phylogenetic and population-genetic species concepts. Morphological data currently available for F. pinicola do not delimit these species, and three of the species are not specific to either hardwood or softwood trees. Originally described from Europe, F. pinicola appears to be restricted to Eurasia. Based on DNA data obtained from an isotype, one well-defined and widespread Glade found only in North America represents the recently described Fomitopsis ochracea. The remaining two North American clades represent previously undescribed species. SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 BP 925 EP 938 DI 10.3852/14-225R1 UT WOS:000386104600010 PM 27738199 ER PT J AU Edwards, J Auer, D de Alwis, SK Summerell, B Aoki, T Proctor, RH Busman, M O'Donnell, K AF Edwards, Jacqueline Auer, Desmond de Alwis, Sri-Kanthi Summerell, Brett Aoki, Takayuki Proctor, Robert H. Busman, Mark O'Donnell, Kerry TI Fusarium agapanthi sp nov., a novel bikaverin and fusarubin-producing leaf and stem spot pathogen of Agapanthus praecox (African lily) from Australia and Italy SO MYCOLOGIA AB This study was conducted to characterize a novel Fusarium species that caused leaf and stem spot on Agapanthus praecox (Agapanthus, African lily) in northern Italy and leaf rot and spot on the same host in Melbourne, Australia. Formally described as Fusarium agapanthi, this pathogen was analyzed using phenotypic, phytopathogenic, secondary metabolite, molecular phylogenetic and genomic data. Five strains were characterized, including one isolated in 1999 from symptomatic A. praecox in Saluzzo, Italy, and four in 2010 from diseased leaf tissue from the same host exhibiting leaf rot and spot symptoms in the Melbourne Gardens, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Australia. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood molecular phylogenetic analyses of portions of six individual genes and the combined dataset all strongly supported F. agapanthi either as the earliest diverging genealogically exclusive lineage in the American Clade of the F. fujikuroi species complex, or alternatively a novel monotypic lineage sister to the American Clade. Koch's postulates were completed on dwarf blue- and large white-flowering varieties of A. praecox, where two isolates of F. agapanthi produced slowly spreading necrotic lesions when inoculated onto leaves and flower stems. Fusarium agapanthi is distinguished from other fusaria by the production of densely branched aerial conidiophores with polyphialides throughout the aerial mycelium on synthetic nutrient-poor agar. BLASTn searches of the F. agapanthi NRRL 31653 and NRRL 54464 (= VPRI 41787) genome sequences were conducted to predict sexual reproductive mode and mycotoxin potential. Results indicated that they possessed MATT-2 and MATT-1 idiomorphs, respectively, indicating that this species might be heterothallic. Furthermore, based on the presence of homologs of the bikaverin and fusarubin biosynthetic gene clusters in the F agapanthi genomes, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was conducted and confirmed production of these secondary metabolites in rice and corn kernel cultures of the fungus. SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 BP 981 EP 992 DI 10.3852/15-333 UT WOS:000386104600014 PM 27474520 ER PT J AU Campbell, LK Gabriel, N AF Campbell, Lindsay K. Gabriel, Nate TI Power in urban social-ecological systems: Processes and practices of governance and marginalization SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING SN 1618-8667 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 19 BP 253 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2016.05.005 UT WOS:000386190500028 ER PT J AU Campbell, LK AF Campbell, Lindsay K. TI Getting farming on the agenda: Planning, policymaking, and governance practices of urban agriculture in New York City SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING AB How and why is urban agriculture taken up into local food policies and sustainability plans? This paper uses a case study of urban agriculture policymaking in New York City from 2007 to 2011 to examine the power-laden operation of urban environmental governance. It explores several 'faces of power,' including overt authority, institutionalized 'rules of the game,' and hegemony. It also investigates how multiple actors interact in policymaking processes, including through the construction and use of broad discursive concepts. Findings draw upon analysis of policy documents and semi-structured interviews with 43 subjects engaged in food systems policymaking. Some municipal decision-makers questioned the significance of urban agriculture, due to the challenges of quantifying its benefits and the relative scarcity of open space in the developed city. Yet, these challenges proved insufficient to prevent a coalition of civic activists working in collaboration with public officials to envision plans on food policy that included urban agriculture. Actors created the 'local/regional food system' as a narrative concept in order to build broad coalitions and gain entry to the municipal policy sphere. Tracing the roll-out of plans reveals the way in which both the food systems concept and specific policy proposals were repeated and legitimized. Unpacking the dynamics of this iterative policymaking contributes to an understanding of how urban environmental governance happens in this case. Published by Elsevier GmbH. SN 1618-8667 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 19 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2016.03.011 UT WOS:000386190500034 ER PT J AU Kaya, E Souza, FVD Ceylan, M Jenderek, MM AF Kaya, Ergun Duerte Souza, Fernanda Vidigal Ceylan, Muammer Jenderek, Maria M. TI In Vitro Seed Germination of Citrus spp.-a Tool in Post-cryopreservation Plant Development. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT CT World Congress on In Vitro Biology CY JUN 11-15, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc In Vitro Biol, Japanese Tissue Culture Assoc, Japanese Assoc Anim Cell Technol SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 52 IS 4 MA P-3008 BP 445 EP 445 UT WOS:000385180100022 ER PT J AU Webb, NP Herrick, JE Van Zee, JW Courtright, EM Hugenholtz, CH Zobeck, TM Okin, GS Barchyn, TE Billings, BJ Boyd, R Clingan, SD Cooper, BF Duniway, MC Derner, JD Fox, FA Haystad, KM Heilman, P LaPlante, V Ludwig, NA Metz, LJ Nearing, MA Norfleet, ML Pierson, FB Sanderson, MA Sharratt, BS Steiner, JL Tatarko, J Tedela, NH Toledo, D Unnasch, RS Van Pelt, RS Wagner, L AF Webb, Nicholas P. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Van Zee, Justin W. Courtright, Ericha M. Hugenholtz, Christopher H. Zobeck, Ted M. Okin, Gregory S. Barchyn, Thomas E. Billings, Benjamin J. Boyd, Robert Clingan, Scott D. Cooper, Brad F. Duniway, Michael C. Derner, Justin D. Fox, Fred A. Haystad, Kris M. Heilman, Philip LaPlante, Valerie Ludwig, Noel A. Metz, Loretta J. Nearing, Mark A. Norfleet, M. Lee Pierson, Frederick B. Sanderson, Matt A. Sharratt, Brenton S. Steiner, Jean L. Tatarko, John Tedela, Negussie H. Toledo, David Unnasch, Robert S. Van Pelt, R. Scott Wagner, Larry TI The National Wind Erosion Research Network: Building a standardized long-term data resource for aeolian research, modeling and land management SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH AB The National Wind Erosion Research Network was established in 2014 as a collaborative effort led by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service and Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau of Land Management, to address the need for a long-term research program to meet critical challenges in wind erosion research and management in the United States. The Network has three aims: (1) provide data to support understanding of basic aeolian processes across land use types, land cover types, and management practices, (2) support development and application of models to assess wind erosion and dust emission and their impacts on human and environmental systems, and (3) encourage collaboration among the aeolian research community and resource managers for the transfer of wind erosion technologies. The Network currently consists of thirteen intensively instrumented sites providing measurements of aeolian sediment transport rates, meteorological conditions, and soil and vegetation properties that influence wind erosion. Network sites are located across rangelands, croplands, and deserts of the western US. In support of Network activities, http://winderosionnetwork.org was developed as a portal for information about the Network, providing site descriptions, measurement protocols, and data visualization tools to facilitate collaboration with scientists and managers interested in the Network and accessing Network products. The Network provides a mechanism for engaging national and international partners in a wind erosion research program that addresses the need for improved understanding and prediction of aeolian processes across complex and diverse land use types and management practices. Published by Elsevier B.V. OI Barchyn, Thomas/0000-0003-0489-9263; Okin, Gregory/0000-0002-0484-3537; Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 22 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.05.005 UT WOS:000385605400003 ER PT J AU Klose, M Shao, YP AF Klose, Martina Shao, Yaping TI A numerical study on dust devils with implications to global dust budget estimates SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH AB The estimates of the contribution of dust devils (DDs) to the global dust budget have large uncertainties because the dust emission mechanisms in DDs are not yet well understood. In this study, a large-eddy simulation model coupled with a dust scheme is used to investigate DD dust entrainment. DDs are identified from the simulations using various threshold values for pressure drop and vorticity in the DD center. A vortex-tracking algorithm is presented, which automatically detects and tracks vortices based on different pressure drop and vorticity criteria. The results show that DD dust lifting can be largely explained by convective turbulent dust emission. DD dust entrainment varies strongly between individual DDs even for similar atmospheric conditions, but the maximum emissions are determined by atmospheric stability. By relating DD emission and counts to the Richardson number, we propose a new and simple method to estimate regional and global DD dust transport. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Shao, Yaping/G-3606-2013; OI Shao, Yaping/0000-0002-2041-5479; Klose, Martina/0000-0001-8190-3700 SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 22 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.05.003 UT WOS:000385605400005 ER PT J AU Shao, YP Klose, M AF Shao, Yaping Klose, Martina TI A note on the stochastic nature of particle cohesive force and implications to threshold friction velocity for aerodynamic dust entrainment SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH AB There is considerable interest to determine the threshold for aeolian dust emission on Earth and Mars. Existing schemes for threshold friction velocity are all deterministic in nature, but observations show that in the dust particle size range the threshold friction velocity scatters strongly due to stochastic inter-particle cohesion. In the real world, there always exists a certain amount of free dust which can be easily lifted from the surface by weak winds or even turbulence, as exemplified by dust devils. It has been proposed in the dust-devil research community, that the pressure drop at dust-devil center may be a major mechanism for dust-devil dust emission, known as the zip effect. It is questioned here whether the zip effect is substantial or whether the elevated dust concentration in dust devils is due to free dust emission. A simple analysis indicates that the zip effect appears to be small and the dust in dust devils is probably due to free dust emission and dust convergence. To estimate free dust emission, it is useful to define a lower limit of dust-particle threshold friction velocity. A simple expression for this velocity is proposed by making assumptions to the median and variance of inter-particle cohesive force. The simple expression is fitted to the data of the Arizona State University Vortex Generator. While considerable uncertainty remains in the scheme, this note highlights the need for additional research on the stochastic nature of dust emission. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. RI Shao, Yaping/G-3606-2013 OI Shao, Yaping/0000-0002-2041-5479 SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 22 BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.08.004 UT WOS:000385605400012 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR Lascano, RJ AF Mahan, James R. Lascano, Robert J. TI Irrigation Analysis Based on Long-Term Weather Data SO AGRICULTURE-BASEL AB Irrigation management is based upon delivery of water to a crop in the correct amount and time, and the crop's water need is determined by calculating evapotranspiration (ET) using weather data. In 1994, an ET-network was established in the Texas High Plains to manage irrigation on a regional scale. Though producers used the ET-network, by 2010 public access was discontinued. Why did producers allow a valuable irrigation-management tool to be eliminated? Our objective was to analyze the effect of declining well capacities on the usefulness of cotton ET (ETc) for irrigation. Thirty years (1975-2004) of daily ETc data were used to compare irrigation demand vs. irrigation responses at four locations, analyzed for multiple years and range of well capacities for three irrigation-intervals. Results indicated that when well capacities declined to the point that over-irrigation was not possible, the lower well capacities reduced the value of ETc in terms of the number of irrigations and total amount of water applied. At well capacities <1514 Lmin(-1) the fraction of irrigations for which ETc information was used to determine the irrigation amount was <35% across years and irrigation intervals. The value of an ETc-based irrigation may fall into disuse when irrigation-water supplies decline. SN 2077-0472 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 6 IS 3 AR 42 DI 10.3390/agriculture6030042 UT WOS:000385520100016 ER PT J AU Martinez, SW AF Martinez, Steve W. TI Policies Supporting Local Food in the United States SO AGRICULTURE-BASEL AB Local food has been the subject of federal, state, and local government policies in recent years throughout the United States as consumer demand has grown. Local foods have been linked to several government prioritiesincluding enhancing the rural economy, the environment, and supporting agricultural producers. This article provides an overview of U.S. Federal, State and regional policies designed to support local food systems. It details the latest economic information on policy, relying on findings from several national surveys and a synthesis of recent literature. Federal policies related to local food systems were greatly expanded by the 2008 Farm Bill, and are further expanded in the Agricultural Act of 2014. United States policies address several barriers to the further expansion of local food markets, including scaling up output of small farms to address the needs of larger commercial outlets, lack of infrastructure for increasing local food sales, ability to trace product source, and producer education regarding local food expansion. OI , Steve/0000-0001-9793-689X SN 2077-0472 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 6 IS 3 AR 43 DI 10.3390/agriculture6030043 UT WOS:000385520100017 ER PT J AU Cho, H Lee, H Kim, S Kim, D Lefcourt, AM Chan, DE Chung, SH Kim, MS AF Cho, Hyunjeong Lee, Hoonsoo Kim, Sungyoun Kim, Dongho Lefcourt, Alan M. Chan, Diane E. Chung, Soo Hyun Kim, Moon S. TI Potential Application of Fluorescence Imaging for Assessing Fecal Contamination of Soil and Compost Maturity SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL AB Pathogenic microorganisms can lead to serious outbreaks of foodborne illnesses, particularly if fresh produce becomes contaminated and then happens to be inappropriately handled in a manner that can incubate pathogens. Pathogenic microbial contamination of produce can occur through a variety of pathways, such as from the excrement of domesticated and wild animals, biological soil amendment, agricultural water, worker health and hygiene, and field tools used during growth and harvest. The use of mature manure compost and preventative control of fecal contamination from wildlife and livestock are subject to safety standards to minimize the risk of foodborne illness associated with produce. However, in a field production environment, neither traces of animal feces nor the degree of maturity of manure compost can be identified by the naked eye. In this study, we investigated hyperspectral fluorescence imaging techniques to characterize fecal samples from bovine, swine, poultry, and sheep species, and to determine feasibilities for both detecting the presence of animal feces as well as identifying the species origin of the feces in mixtures of soil and feces. In addition, the imaging techniques were evaluated for assessing the maturity of manure compost. The animal feces exhibited dynamic and unique fluorescence emission features that allowed for the detection of the presence of feces and showed that identification of the species origin of fecal matter present in soil-feces mixtures is feasible. Furthermore, the results indicate that using simple single-band fluorescence imaging at the fluorescence emission maximum for animal feces, simpler than full-spectrum hyperspectral fluorescence imaging, can be used to assess the maturity of manure compost. SN 2076-3417 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 6 IS 9 AR 243 DI 10.3390/app6090243 UT WOS:000385518000011 ER PT J AU Everard, CD Kim, MS O'Donnell, CP AF Everard, Colm D. Kim, Moon S. O'Donnell, Colm P. TI Distinguishing Bovine Fecal Matter on Spinach Leaves Using Field Spectroscopy SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL AB Detection of fecal contaminants on leafy greens in the field will allow for decreasing cross-contamination of produce during and post-harvest. Fecal contamination of leafy greens has been associated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 outbreaks and foodborne illnesses. In this study, passive field spectroscopy measuring reflectance and fluorescence created by the sun's light, coupled with numerical normalization techniques, are used to distinguish fecal contaminants on spinach leaves from soil on spinach leaves and uncontaminated spinach leaf portions. A Savitzky-Golay first derivative transformation and a waveband ratio of 710:688 nm as normalizing techniques were assessed. A soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCA) procedure with a 216 sample training set successfully predicted all 54 test set sample types using the spectral region of 600-800 nm. The ratio of 710:688 nm along with set thresholds separated all 270 samples by type. Application of these techniques in-field to avoid harvesting of fecal contaminated leafy greens may lead to a reduction in foodborne illnesses as well as reduced produce waste. SN 2076-3417 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 6 IS 9 AR 246 DI 10.3390/app6090246 UT WOS:000385518000014 ER PT J AU Davidson, J Barrows, FT Kenney, PB Good, C Schroyer, K Summerfelt, ST AF Davidson, John Barrows, Frederic T. Kenney, P. Brett Good, Christopher Schroyer, Karen Summerfelt, Steven T. TI Effects of feeding a fishmeal-free versus a fishmeal-based diet on post-smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar performance, water quality, and waste production in recirculation aquaculture systems SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING AB The Atlantic salmon farming industry has progressively decreased the proportion of fishmeal used in commercial diets due to rising costs and sustainability concerns. A variety of alternate proteins have been identified to partially replace fishmeal; however, very little research has described the effect of feeding alternate protein, fishmeal-free diets to Atlantic salmon, particularly post-smolts cultured in recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS). Therefore, a 6-month study was conducted to compare the effects of feeding a fishmeal-free diet (FMF) versus a fishmeal-based diet (FM) on post-smolt Atlantic salmon performance, water quality,,and waste production rates in six replicated RAS. Experimental diets were fed to Atlantic salmon (281 +/- 5 g to begin) in triplicate RAS. Protein ingredients used in the FMF diet included mixed nut meal, poultry meal, wheat flour, and corn protein concentrate; while the FM diet contained menhaden meal, poultry meal, soy protein concentrate, and blood meal proteins. Fish oil derived from whiting fish trimmings was used in the FMF diet to establish a wild fisheries input to farmed fish output ratio of 0:1; while menhaden oil was the primary lipid source for the FM diet. Both diets were formulated with approximately 42% crude protein and 27% crude fat. Each RAS was operated with flushing rates that created an average system hydraulic retention time of 20 days (5% system volume flushed daily) and a mean feed loading rate of 3.2 kg feed/m(3) of daily make-up water volume. Atlantic salmon growth, survival, and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were unaffected (P>0.05) by diet. At the conclusion of the study, Atlantic salmon fed the FMF and FM diets were 1.716 +/- 0.076 and 1.720 +/- 0.065 kg; cumulative survival was >99% for both; and average FCR was 0.89 +/- 0.03 and 0.90 +/- 0.02, respectively. The FMF diet resulted in greater total phosphorous (TP), carbonaceous biochemical oxygen (cBOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) mass per kg feed in the effluent (P<0.05). The FMF and FM diets produced 0.009 +/- 0.001 v. 0.006 +/- 0.001 kg TP/kg feed; 0.079 +/- 0.005 v. 0.056 +/- 0.005 kg cBOD/kg feed; and 0.297 +/- 0.028 v. 0.221 +/- 0.032 kg TSS/kg feed, respectively. A significantly higher percentage of TSS was captured by radial flow settlers of RAS receiving the FMF diet compared to capture by settlers associated with the FM diet. Mass balance data, radial settler removal efficiency, and observations of flushed solids suggested that the FMF diet produced fecal matter with better settling characteristics. Lower TSS and true color values (P<0.05), indicative of clearer water, were measured in RAS receiving the FMF diet. Total phosphorous (most of which was dissolved) was 4 times greater in the culture water of RAS that received the FMF diet, e.g., 4.3 +/- 0.1 mg/L v. 0.9 +/- 0.0 mg/L for the FM Diet. This was the first research attempt to formulate a fishmeal-free diet for Atlantic salmon with this ingredient profile and one of few studies to demonstrate uncompromised Atlantic salmon performance when feeding a diet without fishmeal. (C) 2016 The Conservation Fund. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license, SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 74 BP 38 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.05.004 UT WOS:000385320200004 ER PT J AU Weng, JQ Ali, A Estep, A Becnel, J Meyer, SLF Wedge, DE Jacob, M Rimando, AM AF Weng, Jian-Quan Ali, Abbas Estep, Alden Becnel, James Meyer, Susan L. F. Wedge, David E. Jacob, Melissa Rimando, Agnes M. TI Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,5-Dimethoxystilbene Analogs SO CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY AB In our continuing effort to discover natural product-based pest management agents, derivatives of 3,5-dimethoxystilbene were synthesized yielding 27 new and six known compounds. Compounds 11 and 12 showed strong Aedes aegypti larvicidal activity (LC50 45.31 and 49.93 mu M, respectively). Furthermore, 11 and 12 exhibited high effectiveness against larvae of pesticide-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains of Ae. aegypti; activity against the adult mosquitoes was low. Compounds 6f, 6g, and 6i at either 83.3 or 166.7 mu g/ml reduced the mobility of second-stage juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) that hatched from eggs immersed in the test compounds for 7 days. However, there was little or no effect on J2 placed directly into these compounds, and none of the analogs suppressed M. incognita egg hatch. The compounds were tested for inhibition of some agriculturally important fungi; 6a, 7a, and 7e demonstrated strong inhibition of Colletotrichum species. Activity of the stilbenes against some human pathogens was also explored; 11, 12, and 16 showed moderate inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and Mycobacterium intracellulare. Except for 11 and 12, which were active against mosquito larvae and some human pathogens, no single analog demonstrated activity in all the tests, indicating specific activities. Synthesis of the analogs and structureactivity relationships are discussed. SN 1612-1872 EI 1612-1880 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1165 EP 1177 DI 10.1002/cbdv.201500516 UT WOS:000385982200007 PM 27450661 ER PT J AU Jahns, L Roemmich, JN AF Jahns, Lisa Roemmich, James N. TI Study design for a randomized controlled trial to increase the relative reinforcing value of vegetable consumption using incentive sensitization among obese and overweight people SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS AB In this manuscript, we present the protocol for a study that applies incentive sensitization theory to improve vegetable intake in overweight and obese adults. This 8-week, randomized, controlled, community-based feeding study with an 8-week follow-up seeks to use repeated exposure to amounts of vegetables recommended by federal guidance to increase the primary outcome of the relative reinforcing value of vegetables compared to a snack food. A community-based design is used to give participants autonomy in choosing their method of exposure. Secondary outcomes include: 1) Determine potential moderators of incentive sensitization of vegetables, including genetic polymorphisms associated with food reinforcement and obesity, 6-n-propylthiouracil tasting status, and delay discounting. 2) Determine whether adding vegetables to the diet results in participants substituting low-energy-dense vegetables for energy-dense foods or whether energy-dense food consumption is independent of vegetable consumption. 3) Determine whether reductions in adiposity are associated with substitution of vegetables in the diet. 4) Determine if markers of bone turnover change. 5) Assess changes in self-reported secondary outcomes measured by questionnaire such as self-efficacy to eat vegetables. The results of this study will provide information about the drivers of individual choice to consume recommended amounts of vegetables. The understanding gained will help increase the effectiveness and sustainability of behavior-based interventions focused on improving vegetable intake. This information may also be used to assist in setting dietary guidance targets for the amounts and types of vegetables Americans can, and should, consume. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 1551-7144 EI 1559-2030 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 50 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2016.08.011 UT WOS:000385321600023 PM 27565831 ER PT J AU Lee, J AF Lee, Jungmin TI Anthocyanin analyses of Vaccinium fruit dietary supplements SO FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION AB Vaccinium fruit ingredients within dietary supplements were identified by comparisons with anthocyanin analyses of known Vaccinium profiles (demonstration of anthocyanin fingerprinting). Available Vaccinium supplements were purchased and analyzed, their anthocyanin profiles (based on high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] separation) indicated if products' fruit origin listings were authentic. Over 30% of the Vaccinium fruit (cranberry, lingonberry, bilberry, and blueberry; 14 of 45) products available as dietary supplements did not contain the fruit listed as ingredients. Six supplements contained no anthocyanins. Five others had contents differing from labeled fruit (e.g., bilberry capsules containing Andean blueberry fruit). Of the samples that did contain the specified fruit (n=27), anthocyanin content ranged from 0.04 to 14.37mg per capsule, tablet, or teaspoon (5g). Approaches to utilizing anthocyanins in assessment of sample authenticity, and a discussion of the challenges with anthocyanin profiles in quality control are both presented. OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 SN 2048-7177 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 4 IS 5 BP 742 EP 752 DI 10.1002/fsn3.339 UT WOS:000383592700011 PM 27625778 ER PT J AU Guyette, RP Stambaugh, MC Dey, DC Marschall, JM Saunders, J Lampereur, J AF Guyette, Richard P. Stambaugh, Michael C. Dey, Daniel C. Marschall, Joseph M. Saunders, Jay Lampereur, John TI 350 Years of Fire-Climate-Human Interactions in a Great Lakes Sandy Outwash Plain SO FORESTS AB Throughout much of eastern North America, quantitative records of historical fire regimes and interactions with humans are absent. Annual resolution fire scar histories provide data on fire frequency, extent, and severity, but also can be used to understand fire-climate-human interactions. This study used tree-ring dated fire scars from red pines (Pinus resinosa) at four sites in the Northern Sands Ecological Landscapes of Wisconsin to quantify the interactions among fire occurrence and seasonality, drought, and humans. New methods for assessing the influence of human ignitions on fire regimes were developed. A temporal and spatial index of wildland fire was significantly correlated (r = 0.48) with drought indices (Palmer Drought Severity Index, PDSI). Fire intervals varied through time with human activities that included early French Jesuit missions, European trade (fur), diseases, war, and land use. Comparisons of historical fire records suggest that annual climate in this region has a broad influence on the occurrence of fire years in the Great Lakes region. SN 1999-4907 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 7 IS 9 AR 189 DI 10.3390/f7090189 UT WOS:000385428900007 ER PT J AU Roesch, FA AF Roesch, Francis A. TI A Simulation of Image-Assisted Forest Monitoring for National Inventories SO FORESTS AB The efficiency of national forest monitoring efforts can be increased by the judicious incorporation of ancillary data. For instance, a fixed number of ground plots might be used to inform a larger set of annual estimates by observing a smaller proportion of the plots each year while augmenting each annual estimate with ancillary data in order to reduce overall costs while maintaining a desired level of accuracy. Differencing successive geo-rectified remotely sensed images can conceivably provide forest change estimates at a scale and level of accuracy conducive to the improvement of temporally relevant forest attribute estimates. Naturally, the degree of improvement in the desired estimates is highly dependent on the relationships between the spatial-temporal scales of ground plot and remotely sensed observations and the desired spatial-temporal scale of estimation. In this paper, fixed scales of observation for each data source are used to explore the value of three different levels of information available from the remotely sensed image-change estimates. Four populations are simulated and sampled under four sampling error structures. The results show that the image change estimates (ICE) can be used to significantly reduce bias for annual estimates of harvest and mortality and that improved estimation of harvest and mortality can sometimes, but not always, contribute to better estimates of standing volume. SN 1999-4907 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 7 IS 9 AR 204 DI 10.3390/f7090204 UT WOS:000385428900022 ER PT J AU McCaw, ME Wallace, JG Albert, PS Buckler, ES Birchler, JA AF McCaw, Morgan E. Wallace, Jason G. Albert, Patrice S. Buckler, Edward S. Birchler, James A. TI Fast-Flowering Mini-Maize: Seed to Seed in 60 Days SO GENETICS AB Two lines of Zea mays were developed as a short-generation model for maize. The Fast-Flowering Mini-Maize (FFMM) lines A and B are robust inbred lines with a significantly shorter generation time, much smaller stature, and better greenhouse adaptation than traditional maize varieties. Five generations a year are typical. FFMM is the result of a modified double-cross hybrid between four fast-flowering lines: Neuffer's Early ACR (full color), Alexander's Early Early Synthetic, Tom Thumb Popcorn, and Gaspe Flint, followed by selection for early flowering and desirable morphology throughout an 11-generation selfing regime. Lines A and B were derived from different progeny of the initial hybrid, and crosses between Mini-Maize A and B exhibit heterosis. The ancestry of each genomic region of Mini-Maize A and B was inferred from the four founder populations using genotyping by sequencing. Other genetic and genomic tools for these lines include karyotypes for both lines A and B, kernel genetic markers y1 (white endosperm) and R1-scm2 (purple endosperm and embryo) introgressed into Mini-Maize A, and approximate to 24x whole-genome resequencing data for Mini-Maize A. OI Wallace, Jason/0000-0002-8937-6543 SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 204 IS 1 BP 35 EP + DI 10.1534/genetics.116.191726 UT WOS:000383998500006 PM 27440866 ER PT J AU Xue, S Bradbury, PJ Casstevens, T Holland, JB AF Xue, Shang Bradbury, Peter J. Casstevens, Terry Holland, James B. TI Genetic Architecture of Domestication-Related Traits in Maize SO GENETICS AB Strong directional selection occurred during the domestication of maize from its wild ancestor teosinte, reducing its genetic diversity, particularly at genes controlling domestication-related traits. Nevertheless, variability for some domestication-related traits is maintained in maize. The genetic basis of this could be sequence variation at the same key genes controlling maize-teosinte differentiation (due to lack of fixation or arising as new mutations after domestication), distinct loci with large effects, or polygenic background variation. Previous studies permit annotation of maize genome regions associated with the major differences between maize and teosinte or that exhibit population genetic signals of selection during either domestication or postdomestication improvement. Genome-wide association studies and genetic variance partitioning analyses were performed in two diverse maize inbred line panels to compare the phenotypic effects and variances of sequence polymorphisms in regions involved in domestication and improvement to the rest of the genome. Additive polygenic models explained most of the genotypic variation for domestication-related traits; no large-effect loci were detected for any trait. Most trait variance was associated with background genomic regions lacking previous evidence for involvement in domestication. Improvement sweep regions were associated with more trait variation than expected based on the proportion of the genome they represent. Selection during domestication eliminated large-effect genetic variants that would revert maize toward a teosinte type. Small-effect polygenic variants (enriched in the improvement sweep regions of the genome) are responsible for most of the standing variation for domestication-related traits in maize. SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 204 IS 1 BP 99 EP + DI 10.1534/genetics.116.191106 UT WOS:000383998500011 PM 27412713 ER PT J AU Cingel, A Savic, J Lazarevic, J Cosic, T Raspor, M Smigocki, A Ninkovic, S AF Cingel, Aleksandar Savic, Jelena Lazarevic, Jelica Cosic, Tatjana Raspor, Martin Smigocki, Ann Ninkovic, Slavica TI Extraordinary Adaptive Plasticity of Colorado Potato Beetle: "Ten-Striped Spearman" in the Era of Biotechnological Warfare SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES AB Expanding from remote areas of Mexico to a worldwide scale, the ten-striped insect, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), has risen from being an innocuous beetle to a prominent global pest. A diverse life cycle, phenotypic plasticity, adaptation to adverse conditions, and capability to detoxify or tolerate toxins make this insect appear to be virtually indestructible. With increasing advances in molecular biology, tools of biotechnological warfare were deployed to combat CPB. In the last three decades, genetically modified potato has created a new challenge for the beetle. After reviewing hundreds of scientific papers dealing with CPB control, it became clear that even biotechnological means of control, if used alone, would not defeat the Colorado potato beetle. This control measure once again appears to be provoking the potato beetle to exhibit its remarkable adaptability. Nonetheless, the potential for adaptation to these techniques has increased our knowledge of this pest and thus opened possibilities for devising more sustainable CPB management programs. SN 1422-0067 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 17 IS 9 AR 1538 DI 10.3390/ijms17091538 UT WOS:000385525500161 ER PT J AU Hause, BM Padmanabhan, A Pedersen, K Gidlewski, T AF Hause, Ben M. Padmanabhan, Aiswaria Pedersen, Kerri Gidlewski, Thomas TI Feral swine virome is dominated by single-stranded DNA viruses and contains a novel Orthopneumovirus which circulates both in feral and domestic swine SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY AB Feral swine are known reservoirs for various pathogens that can adversely affect domestic animals. To assess the viral ecology of feral swine in the USA, metagenomic sequencing was performed on 100 pooled nasal swabs. The virome was dominated by small, ssDNA viruses belonging to the families Circoviridae, Anelloviridae and Parvovirinae. Only four RNA viruses were identified: porcine kobuvirus, porcine sapelovirus, atypical porcine pestivirus and a novel Orthopneumovirus, provisionally named swine orthopneumovirus (SOV). SOV shared similar to 90% nucleotide identity to murine pneumonia virus (MPV) and canine pneumovirus. A modified, commercially available ELISA for MPV found that approximately 30% of both feral and domestic swine sera were positive for antibodies cross-reactive with MPV. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR identified two (2 %) and four (5.0 %) positive nasal swab pools from feral and domestic swine, respectively, confirming that SOV circulates in both herds. SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 97 BP 2090 EP 2095 DI 10.1099/jgv.0.000554 PN 9 UT WOS:000385291700005 PM 27417702 ER PT J AU Garcia, M Spatz, SJ Cheng, Y Riblet, SM Volkening, JD Schneiders, GH AF Garcia, Maricarmen Spatz, S. J. Cheng, Y. Riblet, S. M. Volkening, J. D. Schneiders, G. H. TI Attenuation and protection efficacy of ORF C gene-deleted recombinant of infectious laryngotracheitis virus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY AB Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). The disease is controlled by the use of live-attenuated vaccines. Previously we reported the complete nucleotide sequence of the ILTV vaccine strain (TCO) and identified a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding the ORF C protein. This suggested that the ORF C protein might be associated with viral virulence. To investigate this, an ILTV recombinant with a deletion in the gene encoding ORF C was constructed using the genome of the virulent United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) challenge strain (USDAch). Compared to the parental virus, the Delta ORF C recombinant replicated in chicken kidney (CK) cells with similar kinetics and generated similar titres. This demonstrated that the ORF C deletion had no deleterious effects on replication efficacy in vitro. In chickens, the recombinant induced only minor microscopic tracheal lesions when inoculated via the intratracheal/ocular route, while the parental strain induced moderate to severe microscopic tracheal lesions, even though virus load in the tracheas were comparable. Groups of chickens vaccinated via eye-drop with the Delta ORFC-ILTV were protected to levels comparable to those elicited by TCO vaccination. To our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates the suitability of Delta ORFC as a live-attenuated vaccine to prevent the losses caused by ILTV. OI Volkening, Jeremy/0000-0002-8892-7155 SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 97 BP 2352 EP 2362 DI 10.1099/jgv.0.000521 PN 9 UT WOS:000385291700031 PM 27283114 ER PT J AU Madsen-Bouterse, SA Schneider, DA Zhuang, DY Dassanayake, RP Balachandran, A Mitchell, GB O'Rourke, KI AF Madsen-Bouterse, Sally A. Schneider, David A. Zhuang, Dongyue Dassanayake, Rohana P. Balachandran, Aru Mitchell, Gordon B. O'Rourke, Katherine I. TI Primary transmission of chronic wasting disease versus scrapie prions from small ruminants to transgenic mice expressing ovine or cervid prion protein SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY AB Development of mice expressing either ovine (Tg338) or cervid (TgElk) prion protein (PrP) have aided in characterization of scrapie and chronic wasting disease (CWD), respectively. Experimental inoculation of sheep with CWD prions has demonstrated the potential for interspecies transmission but, infection with CWD versus classical scrapie prions may be difficult to differentiate using validated diagnostic platforms. In this study, mouse bioassay in Tg338 and TgElk was utilized to evaluate transmission of CWD versus scrapie prions from small ruminants. Mice (>= 5 per homogenate) were inoculated with brain homogenates from clinically affected sheep or goats with naturally acquired classical scrapie, white-tailed deer with naturally acquired CWD (WTD-CWD) or sheep with experimentally acquired CWD derived from elk (sheep-passaged-CWD). Survival time (time to clinical disease) and attack rates (brain accumulation of protease resistant PrP, PrPres) were determined. Inoculation with classical scrapie prions resulted in clinical disease and 100% attack rates in Tg338, but no clinical disease at endpoint (>300 days post-inoculation, p.i.) and low attack rates (6.8%) in TgElk. Inoculation with WTD-CWD prions yielded no clinical disease or brain PrPres accumulation in Tg338 at endpoint (>500 days p.i.), but rapid onset of clinical disease (similar to 121 days p.i.) and 100% attack rate in TgElk. Sheep-passaged-CWD resulted in transmission to both mouse lines with 100% attack rates at endpoint in Tg338 and an attack rate of similar to 73% in TgElk with some culled due to clinical disease. These primary transmission observations demonstrate the potential of bioassay in Tg338 and TgElk to help differentiate possible infection with CWD versus classical scrapie prions in sheep and goats. SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 97 BP 2451 EP 2460 DI 10.1099/jgv.0.000539 PN 9 UT WOS:000385291700040 PM 27393736 ER PT J AU Carbone, MS Richardson, AD Chen, M Davidson, EA Hughes, H Savage, KE Hollinger, DY AF Carbone, Mariah S. Richardson, Andrew D. Chen, Min Davidson, Eric A. Hughes, Holly Savage, Kathleen E. Hollinger, David Y. TI Constrained partitioning of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration reduces model uncertainties of forest ecosystem carbon fluxes but not stocks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES AB We partitioned the soil carbon dioxide flux (R-s) into its respective autotrophic and heterotrophic components in a mature temperate-boreal forest (Howland Forest in Maine, USA). We combined automated chamber measurements of R-s with two different partitioning methods: (1) a classic root trenching experiment and (2) a radiocarbon (C-14) mass balance approach. With a model-data fusion approach, we used these data to constrain a parsimonious ecosystem model (FoBAAR), and we investigated differences in modeled C fluxes and pools under both current and future climate scenarios. The trenching experiment indicated that heterotrophic respiration accounted for 5311% of total R-s. In comparison, using the C-14 method, the heterotrophic contribution was 429%. For both current and future model runs, incorporating the partitioning data as constraints substantially reduced the uncertainties of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration fluxes. Moreover, with best fit model parameters, the two partitioning methods yielded fundamentally different estimates of the relative contributions of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration to total R-s, especially at the annual time scale. Surprisingly, however, modeled soil C and biomass C pool size trajectories did not differ significantly between model runs based on the different methods. Instead, model differences in partitioning were compensated for by changes in C allocation, resulting in similar, but still highly uncertain, soil C pool trajectories. Our findings show that incorporating constraints on the partitioning of R-s can reduce model uncertainties of fluxes but not pools, and the results are sensitive to the partitioning method used. SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 2476 EP 2492 DI 10.1002/2016JG003386 UT WOS:000385712800011 ER PT J AU Qiu, JX Crow, WT Nearing, GS AF Qiu, Jianxiu Crow, Wade T. Nearing, Grey S. TI The Impact of Vertical Measurement Depth on the Information Content of Soil Moisture for Latent Heat Flux Estimation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY AB This study aims to identify the impact of vertical support on the information content of soil moisture (SM) for latent heat flux estimation. This objective is achieved via calculation of the mutual information (MI) content between multiple soil moisture variables (with different vertical supports) and current/future evaporative fraction (EF) using ground-based soil moisture and latent/sensible heat flux observations acquired from the AmeriFlux network within the contiguous United States. Through the intercomparison of MI results from different SM-EF pairs, the general value (for latent heat flux estimation) of superficial soil moisture observations theta(S), vertically integrated soil moisture observations theta(V), and vertically extrapolated soil moisture time series [soil wetness index (SWI) from a simple low-pass transformation of theta(S)] are examined. Results suggest that, contrary to expectations, 2-day averages of theta(S) and theta(V) have comparable mutual information with regards to EF. That is, there is no clear evidence that the information content for flux estimation is enhanced via deepening the vertical support of superficial soil moisture observations. In addition, the utility of SWI in monitoring and forecasting EF is partially dependent on the adopted parameterization of time-scale parameter T in the exponential filter. Similar results are obtained when analyses are conducted at the monthly time scale, only with larger error bars. The contrast between the results of this paper and past work focusing on utilizing soil moisture to predict vegetation condition demonstrates that the particular application should be considered when characterizing the information content of soil moisture time series measurements. SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2419 EP 2430 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0044.1 UT WOS:000385419800005 ER PT J AU Wu, YZ He, JJ An, Y Wang, X Liu, YY Yan, SJ Ye, XL Qi, JY Zhu, SL Yu, QZ Yin, JC Li, DS Wang, WF AF Wu, Yunzhou He, Jinjiao An, Ying Wang, Xi Liu, Yunye Yan, Shijun Ye, Xianlong Qi, Jianying Zhu, Shenglong Yu, Qingzhong Yin, Jiechao Li, Deshan Wang, Wenfei TI Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV/Anh-IL-2) expressing human IL-2 as a potential candidate for suppresses growth of hepatoma therapy SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB Newcastle disease virus (NDV) have shown oncolytic therapeutic efficacy in preclinical study and are currently approved for clinical trials. NDV Anhinga strain which is a mesogenic strain should be classified as lytic strain and has a therapeutic efficacy in hepatocellular cancer. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of NDV Anhinga strain to elicit immune reaction in vivo and the possibility for using as a vaccine vector for expressing tumor therapeutic factors. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) could boost the immune response against the tumor cells. Therefore, we use NDV Anhinga strain as backbone to construct a recombinant virus (NDV/Anh-IL-2) expressing IL-2. The virus growth curve showed that the production of recombinant NDV/Anh-IL-2 was slightly delayed compared to the wild type. The NDV/Anh-IL-2 strain could express soluble IL-2 and effectively inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. 60 days post-treatment, mice which were completely cured by previous treatment were well protected when rechallenged with the same tumor cell. From the H&E-stained sections, intense infiltration of lymphocyte was observed in the NDV Anhinga strain treated group, especially in NDV/Anh-IL-2 group. The NDV Anhinga strain could not only kill the tumor directly, but could also elicit immune reaction and a potent immunological memory when killing tumor in vivo. In conclusion, the Anhinga strain could be an effective vector for tumor therapy; the recombinant NDV/Anh-IL-2 strain expressing soluble IL-2 is a promising candidate for hepatoma therapy. (C) 2016 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Japanese Pharmacological Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license SN 1347-8613 EI 1347-8648 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 132 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.03.012 UT WOS:000385275500004 PM 27174862 ER PT J AU Trehan, I Goldbach, HS LaGrone, LN Meuli, GJ Wang, RJ Maleta, KM Manary, MJ AF Trehan, Indi Goldbach, Hayley S. LaGrone, Lacey N. Meuli, Guthrie J. Wang, Richard J. Maleta, Kenneth M. Manary, Mark J. TI Antibiotics as part of the management of severe acute malnutrition SO MALAWI MEDICAL JOURNAL AB Background Severe acute malnutrition contributes to 1 million deaths among children annually. Adding routine antibiotic agents to nutritional therapy may increase recovery rates and decrease mortality among children with severe acute malnutrition treated in the community. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned Malawian children, 6 to 59 months of age, with severe acute malnutrition to receive amoxicillin, cefdinir, or placebo for 7 days in addition to ready-to-use therapeutic food for the outpatient treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition. The primary outcomes were the rate of nutritional recovery and the mortality rate. Results A total of 2767 children with severe acute malnutrition were enrolled. In the amoxicillin, cefdinir, and placebo groups, 88.7%, 90.9%, and 85.1% of the children recovered, respectively (relative risk of treatment failure with placebo vs. amoxicillin, 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.68; relative risk with placebo vs. cefdinir, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.11). The mortality rates for the three groups were 4.8%, 4.1%, and 7.4%, respectively (relative risk of death with placebo vs. amoxicillin, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.24; relative risk with placebo vs. cefdinir, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.64). Among children who recovered, the rate of weight gain was increased among those who received antibiotics. No interaction between type of severe acute malnutrition and intervention group was observed for either the rate of nutritional recovery or the mortality rate. Conclusions The addition of antibiotics to therapeutic regimens for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition was associated with a significant improvement in recovery and mortality rates. SN 1995-7262 EI 1995-7270 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 28 IS 3 SI SI BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa1202851 UT WOS:000385610800013 PM 27895846 ER PT J AU Zang, TZ Pottenplackel, LP Handy, DE Loscalzo, J Dai, SJ Deth, RC Zhou, ZS Ma, JS AF Zang, Tianzhu Pottenplackel, Ligi Paul Handy, Diane E. Loscalzo, Joseph Dai, Shujia Deth, Richard C. Zhou, Zhaohui Sunny Ma, Jisheng TI Comparison of Protein N-Homocysteinylation in Rat Plasma under Elevated Homocysteine Using a Specific Chemical Labeling Method SO MOLECULES AB Elevated blood concentrations of homocysteine have been well established as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and neuropsychiatric diseases, yet the etiologic relationship of homocysteine to these disorders remains poorly understood. Protein N-homocysteinylation has been hypothesized as a contributing factor; however, it has not been examined globally owing to the lack of suitable detection methods. We recently developed a selective chemical method to label N-homocysteinylated proteins with a biotin-aldehyde tag followed by Western blotting analysis, which was further optimized in this study. We then investigated the variation of protein N-homocysteinylation in plasma from rats on a vitamin B-12 deficient diet. Elevated total homocysteine concentrations were determined in rats with a vitamin B-12 deficient diet. Correspondingly, overall levels of plasma protein N-homocysteinylation displayed an increased trend, and furthermore, more pronounced and statistically significant changes (e.g., 1.8-fold, p-value: 0.03) were observed for some individual protein bands. Our results suggest that, as expected, a general metabolic correlation exists between total homocysteine and N-homocysteinylation, although other factors are involved in homocysteine/homocysteine thiolactone metabolism, such as the transsulfuration of homocysteine by cystathionine -synthase or the hydrolysis of homocysteine thiolactone by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), may play more significant or direct roles in determining the level of N-homocysteinylation. SN 1420-3049 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 21 IS 9 AR 1195 DI 10.3390/molecules21091195 UT WOS:000385479800092 ER PT J AU Margolis, LM Rivas, DA Ezzyat, Y Gaffney-Stomberg, E Young, AJ McClung, JP Fielding, RA Pasiakos, SM AF Margolis, Lee M. Rivas, Donato A. Ezzyat, Yassine Gaffney-Stomberg, Erin Young, Andrew J. McClung, James P. Fielding, Roger A. Pasiakos, Stefan M. TI Calorie Restricted High Protein Diets Downregulate Lipogenesis and Lower Intrahepatic Triglyceride Concentrations in Male Rats SO NUTRIENTS AB The purpose of this investigation was to assess the influence of calorie restriction (CR) alone, higher-protein/lower-carbohydrate intake alone, and combined CR higher-protein/lower-carbohydrate intake on glucose homeostasis, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and intrahepatic triglycerides. Twelve-week old male Sprague Dawley rats consumed ad libitum (AL) or CR (40% restriction), adequate (10%), or high (32%) protein (PRO) milk-based diets for 16 weeks. Metabolic profiles were assessed in serum, and intrahepatic triglyceride concentrations and molecular markers of de novo lipogenesis were determined in liver. Independent of calorie intake, 32% PRO tended to result in lower homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values compared to 10% PRO, while insulin and homeostatic model assessment of -cell function (HOMA-) values were lower in CR than AL, regardless of protein intake. Intrahepatic triglyceride concentrations were 27.4 +/- 4.5 and 11.7 +/- 4.5 mu molg(-1) lower (p < 0.05) in CR and 32% PRO compared to AL and 10% PRO, respectively. Gene expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA destaurase-1 (SCD1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4 (PDK4) were 45% +/- 1%, 23% +/- 1%, and 57% +/- 1% lower (p < 0.05), respectively, in CR than AL, regardless of protein intake. Total protein of FASN and SCD were 50% +/- 1% and 26% +/- 1% lower (p < 0.05) in 32% PRO compared to 10% PRO, independent of calorie intake. Results from this investigation provide evidence that the metabolic health benefits associated with CRspecifically reduction in intrahepatic triglyceride contentmay be enhanced by consuming a higher-protein/lower-carbohydrate diet. RI Pasiakos, Stefan/E-6295-2014; OI Pasiakos, Stefan/0000-0002-5378-5820; Rivas, Donato/0000-0002-4500-6233; , Lee/0000-0002-0652-1304 SN 2072-6643 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 9 AR 571 DI 10.3390/nu8090571 UT WOS:000385534000052 ER PT J AU Walker, DA Breen, AL Druckenmiller, LA Wirth, LW Fisher, W Raynolds, MK Sibik, J Walker, MD Hennekens, S Boggs, K Boucher, T Buchhorn, M Bultmann, H Cooper, DJ Daniels, FJA Davidson, SJ Ebersole, JJ Elmendorf, SC Epstein, HE Gould, WA Hollister, RD Iversen, CM Jorgenson, MT Kade, A Lee, MT MacKenzie, WH Peet, RK Peirce, JL Schickhoff, U Sloan, VL Talbot, SS Tweedie, CE Villarreal, S Webber, PJ Zona, D AF Walker, Donald A. Breen, Amy L. Druckenmiller, Lisa A. Wirth, Lisa W. Fisher, Will Raynolds, Martha K. Sibik, Jozef Walker, Marilyn D. Hennekens, Stephan Boggs, Keith Boucher, Tina Buchhorn, Marcel Bueltmann, Helga Cooper, David J. Daniels, Fred J. A. Davidson, Scott J. Ebersole, James J. Elmendorf, Sara C. Epstein, Howard E. Gould, William A. Hollister, Robert D. Iversen, Colleen M. Jorgenson, M. Torre Kade, Anja Lee, Michael T. MacKenzie, William H. Peet, Robert K. Peirce, Jana L. Schickhoff, Udo Sloan, Victoria L. Talbot, Stephen S. Tweedie, Craig E. Villarreal, Sandra Webber, Patrick J. Zona, Donatella TI The Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-AK) SO PHYTOCOENOLOGIA AB The Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-AK, GIVD-ID: NA-US-014) is a free, publically available database archive of vegetation-plot data from the Arctic tundra region of northern Alaska. The archive currently contains 24 datasets with 3,026 non-overlapping plots. Of these, 74% have geolocation data with 25-m or better precision. Species cover data and header data are stored in a Turboveg database. A standardized Pan Arctic Species List provides a consistent nomenclature for vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens in the archive. A web-based online Alaska Arctic Geoecological Atlas (AGA-AK) allows viewing and downloading the species data in a variety of formats, and provides access to a wide variety of ancillary data. We conducted a preliminary cluster analysis of the first 16 datasets (1,613 plots) to examine how the spectrum of derived clusters is related to the suite of datasets, habitat types, and environmental gradients. We present the contents of the archive, assess its strengths and weaknesses, and provide three supplementary files that include the data dictionary, a list of habitat types, an overview of the datasets, and details of the cluster analysis. RI Zona, Donatella/G-4039-2010; OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735 SN 0340-269X PD SEP PY 2016 VL 46 IS 2 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1127/phyto/2016/0128 UT WOS:000385337600006 ER PT J AU VanBuren, R Bryant, D Bushakra, JM Vining, KJ Edger, PP Rowley, ER Priest, HD Michael, TP Lyons, E Filichkin, SA Dossett, M Finn, CE Bassil, NV Mockler, TC AF VanBuren, Robert Bryant, Doug Bushakra, Jill M. Vining, Kelly J. Edger, Patrick P. Rowley, Erik R. Priest, Henry D. Michael, Todd P. Lyons, Eric Filichkin, Sergei A. Dossett, Michael Finn, Chad E. Bassil, Nahla V. Mockler, Todd C. TI The genome of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) SO PLANT JOURNAL AB Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) is an important specialty fruit crop in the US Pacific Northwest that can hybridize with the globally commercialized red raspberry (R.idaeus). Here we report a 243Mb draft genome of black raspberry that will serve as a useful reference for the Rosaceae and Rubus fruit crops (raspberry, blackberry, and their hybrids). The black raspberry genome is largely collinear to the diploid woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) with a conserved karyotype and few notable structural rearrangements. Centromeric satellite repeats are widely dispersed across the black raspberry genome, in contrast to the tight association with the centromere observed in most plants. Among the 28005 predicted protein-coding genes, we identified 290 very recent small-scale gene duplicates enriched for sugar metabolism, fruit development, and anthocyanin related genes which may be related to key agronomic traits during black raspberry domestication. This contrasts patterns of recent duplications in the wild woodland strawberry F.vesca, which show no patterns of enrichment, suggesting gene duplications contributed to domestication traits. Expression profiles from a fruit ripening series and roots exposed to Verticillium dahliae shed insight into fruit development and disease response, respectively. The resources presented here will expedite the development of improved black and red raspberry, blackberry and other Rubus cultivars. Significance Statement Black raspberry is an under-utilized specialty crop with great potential for breeding improvement. Its relationship to red raspberry, blackberry, and to other Rosaceae crops in general, will allow these resources to be widely used by breeders and researchers studying this important crop family. RI Mockler, Todd/L-2609-2013 OI Mockler, Todd/0000-0002-0462-5775 SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X PD SEP PY 2016 VL 87 IS 6 BP 535 EP 547 DI 10.1111/tpj.13215 UT WOS:000385372900001 PM 27228578 ER PT J AU Qi, MS Link, TI Muller, M Hirschburger, D Pudake, RN Pedley, KF Braun, E Voegele, RT Baum, TJ Whitham, SA AF Qi, Mingsheng Link, Tobias I. Mueller, Manuel Hirschburger, Daniela Pudake, Ramesh N. Pedley, Kerry F. Braun, Edward Voegele, Ralf T. Baum, Thomas J. Whitham, Steven A. TI A Small Cysteine-Rich Protein from the Asian Soybean Rust Fungus, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Suppresses Plant Immunity SO PLOS PATHOGENS AB The Asian soybean rust fungus, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is an obligate biotrophic pathogen causing severe soybean disease epidemics. Molecular mechanisms by which P. pachyrhizi and other rust fungi interact with their host plants are poorly understood. The genomes of all rust fungi encode many small, secreted cysteine-rich proteins ( SSCRP). While these proteins are thought to function within the host, their roles are completely unknown. Here, we present the characterization of P. pachyrhizi effector candidate 23 ( PpEC23), a SSCRP that we show to suppress plant immunity. Furthermore, we show that PpEC23 interacts with soybean transcription factor GmSPL12l and that soybean plants in which GmSPL12l is silenced have constitutively active immunity, thereby identifying GmSPL12l as a negative regulator of soybean defenses. Collectively, our data present evidence for a virulence function of a rust SSCRP and suggest that PpEC23 is able to suppress soybean immune responses and physically interact with soybean transcription factor GmSPL12l, a negative immune regulator. OI Whitham, Steven/0000-0003-3542-3188 SN 1553-7366 EI 1553-7374 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 12 IS 9 AR e1005827 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005827 UT WOS:000385621900014 PM 27676173 ER PT J AU Schaefer, EJ Anthanont, P Diffenclerfer, MR Polisecki, E Asztalos, BF AF Schaefer, Ernst J. Anthanont, Pimjai Diffenclerfer, Margaret R. Polisecki, Eliana Asztalos, Bela F. TI Diagnosis and treatment of high density lipoprotein deficiency SO PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AB Low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol level (HDL-C) <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women is a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and is often observed in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Patients with marked deficiency of HDL-C (<20 mg/dL) in the absence of secondary causes are much less common (<1% of the population). These patients may have homozygous, compound heterozygous, or heterozygous defects involving the apolipoprotein (APO)AI, ABCA1, or lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase genes, associated with apo A-I deficiency, apoA-I variants, Tangier disease, familial lecithin:cholesteryl ester acyltransferase deficiency, and fish eye disease. There is marked variability in laboratory and clinical presentation, and DNA analysis is necessary for diagnosis. These patients can develop premature CVD, neuropathy, kidney failure, neuropathy, hepatosplenomegaly and anemia. Treatment should be directed at optimizing all non-HDL risk factors. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 0033-0620 EI 1873-1740 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 59 IS 2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.08.006 UT WOS:000385690300002 PM 27565770 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Wartelle, L St Cyr, E AF Eggleston, Gillian Wartelle, Lynda St Cyr, Eldwin TI Detecting Adulterated Commercial Sweet Sorghum Syrups with Ion Chromatography Oligosaccharide Fingerprint Profiles SO SEPARATIONS AB Some commercial sweet sorghum syrups can be fraudulently or accidently adulterated with inexpensive sugar syrups, particularly high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or corn syrup, and sold at a relatively low market price or even mis-branded. This undermines the economic stability of the current small-scale producers of food-grade sweet sorghum syrup as well as the developing large-scale bioproduct industry. An analytical method is urgently needed to evaluate adulterated commercial sweet sorghum syrups. Ion chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection (IC-IPAD) has been previously used to differentiate white, refined sugars manufactured from sugarcane and sugar beet. By applying a strong IC-IPAD NaOH/NaOAc gradient method over 45 min, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and oligosaccharide isomers of at least 2 to 12 dp, as well as sugar alcohols can be detected in multiple commercial sweet sorghum and other sugar syrups. Fingerprint IC oligosaccharide profiles are extremely selective, sensitive, and reliable. By using five characteristic marker chromatography peaks of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), including isomaltose, maltose and maltotriose, in combination with a low sucrose peak, adulterated and mis-branded syrups were identified. The analysis of 7.0 Brix blind syrup samples, marker peaks allowed the detection of as low as 10% HFCS adulteration, which is within the lower limit of adulteration before action is taken. SN 2297-8739 EI 2227-9075 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 3 IS 3 AR 20 DI 10.3390/separations3030020 UT WOS:000385575100008 ER PT J AU Romolini, M Bixler, RP Grove, JM AF Romolini, Michele Bixler, R. Patrick Grove, J. Morgan TI A Social-Ecological Framework for Urban Stewardship Network Research to Promote Sustainable and Resilient Cities SO SUSTAINABILITY AB To realize more sustainable and resilient urban social-ecological systems, there is great need for active engagement from diverse public agencies, non-profit organizations, businesses, natural resource managers, scientists, and other actors. Cities present unique challenges and opportunities for sustainability and resilience, as issues and organizations are frequently intertwined in networks of relations. Understanding and leveraging the range of knowledge types, motivations, skills, and goals of diverse participants and their networks is fundamental to sustainable and resilient cities. As efforts to examine and understand urban stewardship networks continue to emerge, it is increasingly clear that there are no structured or systematic frameworks to guide the integration of social and ecological phenomena. Such a framework could facilitate planning new urban stewardship network research, and provide a basis for comparisons among cities and their urban stewardship networks. In this paper, we develop and present a social-ecological framework for examining and understanding urban stewardship networks. To illustrate this framework and provide examples of its prospective and evaluative utility, we use examples from the U.S. Forest Service's Stewardship Mapping (STEW-MAP) network in the United States from Baltimore, MD, USA, New York City, NY, USA, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA, and Seattle, WA, USA. SN 2071-1050 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 9 AR 956 DI 10.3390/su8090956 UT WOS:000385529400125 ER PT J AU Bolton, SL Brannen, PM Glenn, AE AF Bolton, Stephanie L. Brannen, Phillip M. Glenn, Anthony E. TI A Novel Population of Fusarium fujikuroi Isolated from Southeastern US Winegrapes Reveals the Need to Re-Evaluate the Species' Fumonisin Production SO TOXINS AB Mycotoxins pose a challenge to a safe food supply worldwide, and their threat is expected to worsen with our changing climate. The need for diligence is exemplified by the discovery of fumonisin B2 in wine, which joins ochratoxin A as a mycotoxin of concern in the grape-wine chain. To elucidate the mycotoxin risk in southeastern American wine, grape samples were collected from vineyards during harvest in 2013 and potentially mycotoxigenic fungi (Fusarium and Aspergillus) were isolated from the samples. Numerous Fusarium isolates were recovered and identified to the species level by comparison of translation elongation factor 1- gene sequences to verified strains. Fusariumfujikuroi was the most abundant species recovered (239 isolates), followed by F. proliferatum (52), F. incarnatum-equiseti (14), F. oxysporum (7), F. concentricum (1), and F. solani (1). In vitro assays quantified fumonisin production for representative isolates via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Surprisingly, nearly all F. fujikuroi isolates produced fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 at levels comparable to both the F. proliferatum isolates and the positive control, Fusariumverticillioides. Such capacity for fumonisin production refutes the generally accepted notion that F.fujikuroi produces undetectable or low levels of fumonisins and provides evidence to reconsider this species as a mycotoxigenic threat to economically significant crops. SN 2072-6651 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 9 AR 254 DI 10.3390/toxins8090254 UT WOS:000385533100009 ER PT J AU Duke, JM Schilling, BJ Sullivan, KP Esseks, JD Gottlieb, PD Lynch, L AF Duke, Joshua M. Schilling, Brian J. Sullivan, Kevin P. Esseks, J. Dixon Gottlieb, Paul D. Lynch, Lori TI Illiquid Capital: Are Conservation Easement Payments Reinvested in Farms? SO APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY AB Agricultural conservation easements have positive externalities but few studies examine the supply-side. This paper explores whether easements may also overcome a credit-market failure, as banks may not be lending based on the full developed value of land. Original survey data test our research hypotheses and show profitable owners and nonoperators to be using easement payments to extract capital from their land by using the preservation programs as a bank. The results also show that the unprofitable owners and operators are reinvesting in their agricultural enterprises. Both results are consistent with an underlying credit-market failure, and the latter suggests that easements may provide indirect efficiency enhancement. The results suggest an integration of policies on agricultural finance and land preservation might lead to improved efficiency. SN 2040-5790 EI 2040-5804 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 38 IS 3 BP 449 EP 473 DI 10.1093/aepp/ppw016 UT WOS:000383590000004 ER PT J AU Alston, JM MacEwan, JP Okrent, AM AF Alston, Julian M. MacEwan, Joanna P. Okrent, Abigail M. TI Effects of US Public Agricultural R&D on US Obesity and its Social Costs SO APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY AB How much has food abundance, attributable to U.S. public agricultural R&D, contributed to high and rising U.S. obesity rates? In this paper we investigate the effects of public investment in agricultural R&D on food prices, per capita calorie consumption, adult body weight, obesity, public healthcare expenditures related to obesity, and consumer welfare. We find that a 10% increase in the stream of annual U.S. public investment in agricultural R&D in the latter half of the twentieth century would have caused a modest increase in the average daily calorie consumption of American adults, resulting in small increases in public healthcare expenditures related to obesity. On the other hand, such an increase in spending would have generated very substantial consumer benefits, and net national benefits, given the very large benefit-cost ratios for agricultural R&D. This implies that current policy objectives of revising agricultural R&D priorities to pursue obesity objectives are likely to be comparatively unproductive and socially wasteful. Moreover, R&D lags of decades mean that such an approach would be totally ineffective in the immediate horizon. SN 2040-5790 EI 2040-5804 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 38 IS 3 BP 492 EP 520 DI 10.1093/aepp/ppw014 UT WOS:000383590000006 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG Cottrell, TE AF Tillman, P. Glynn Cottrell, Ted E. TI Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in pheromone-baited traps near crop field edges in Georgia, USA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST AB Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are economic pests of cotton. Our specific objective for this 3 yr study was to use traps baited with Euschistus pheromone to monitor stink bugs in habitats near cotton and peanut field edges in Georgia, USA, before, during, and after crop growth and development. Plant-feeding stink bugs captured in traps included Euschistus servus (Say), E. tristigmus (Say), Chinavia hilaris (Say), Nezara viridula (L.), Hymenarchys nervosa (Say), E. ictericus (L.), Thyanta custator custator (F.), E. quadrator Rolston, Brochymena quadripustulata F., Proxys punctulatus (Palisot), and Oebalus pugnax (F.). Two predatory stink bug species, Podisus maculiventris (Say) and Euthyrhynchus floridanus (L.), also were captured. Euschistus servus was the predominant species captured, followed by E. tristigmus. In both cotton and peanut, traps with a pyramid-shaped base captured significantly more E. servus and E. tristigmus nymphs and adults than traps with a bamboo pole base, suggesting that the pyramid base provides a broader platform for nymphs to crawl into the insect-collecting device at the top of the trap and for adults to land. Euschistus servus, E. tristigmus, C. hilaris, and N. viridula were captured in traps before crop production, during the time stink bugs were detected in peanut and/or cotton, and after crop senescence or harvest at which time some overwintering E. servus and E. tristigmus adults were captured. Sustainable management strategies, including using pheromone-baited traps to capture and kill stink bugs, have the potential to disrupt the cycle of stink bug population growth and dispersal in farmscapes. SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 3 BP 363 EP 370 UT WOS:000384766100004 ER PT J AU Skarlinsky, T Funderburk, J AF Skarlinsky, Thomas Funderburk, Joe TI A key to some Frankliniella (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) larvae found in Florida with descriptions of the first instar of select species SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST AB Few publications exist toward the identification of larval thrips. As a result, researchers and practitioners often are unable to report larval species data or may misinterpret what is a host plant when adults of multiple species are collected. Therefore, we conducted repetitive plant sampling and detailed examination of larvae with adults, which revealed morphological differences of some undescribed Frankliniella (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) larvae. The morphological differences were confirmed by non-destructive DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing of the COI mitochondrial gene. A larva II morphological key to 7 Frankliniella species found in Florida is presented with new larval descriptions of 4 species. SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 3 BP 463 EP 470 UT WOS:000384766100019 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Hentz, MG AF Hall, David G. Hentz, Matthew G. TI An evaluation of plant genotypes for rearing Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST AB The Asian citrus psyllid vectors bacteria responsible for a serious citrus disease known as huanglongbing (also known as citrus greening). Many research endeavors on huanglongbing are dependent on a steady supply of Asian citrus psyllid, which can be facilitated using laboratory or greenhouse colonies maintained on an Asian citrus psyllid host plant. The choice of a plant species may be influenced by the flushing characteristics of a genotype, particularly if the goal is to produce large numbers of psyllids. This is because Asian citrus psyllid is dependent on flush (new young leaves) for reproduction. To expedite rearing, plants can be trimmed to stimulate flush growth. We studied the flushing characteristics of 9 plant genotypes known to be highly susceptible to colonization by Asian citrus psyllid: Afraegle paniculata (Schumacher) Engl., Bergera koenigii L., Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle, C. macrophylla Wester, C. maxima (Burm.) Merr., C. medica L., C. reticulata Blanco, C. taiwanica Tanaka & Shimada, and Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. (all: Rutaceae). When plants were trimmed at 7 mo after planting, the following produced the greatest number of flush shoots: B. koenigii, C. aurantiifolia, C. macrophylla, and M. paniculata. Pruning plants once or twice before a final trimming at 7 mo after planting did not increase the number of flush shoots produced per plant for any of the genotypes. The number of psyllids produced per flush shoot was assessed on 5 genotypes that produced good quantities of flush: B. koenigii, C. aurantiifolia, C. macrophylla, C. taiwanica, and M. paniculata. Although some significant differences among the genotypes were observed with respect to when new adults first began to emerge and when peak emergence occurred, the differences were relatively small (a day or two). During a winter experiment, numbers of psyllids produced per flush shoot were relatively small, but significantly greater numbers of new adults were produced on C. aurantiifolia than on C. taiwanica or M. paniculata. Greater numbers of adults per shoot were produced during warmer weather, with no significant differences among plant genotypes. Regardless of plant genotype or time of year and for reasons that were not clear, small percentages of adults developed wing deformities. There were no differences in sex ratio, and few differences in abdominal color, among Asian citrus psyllid reared on the tested plant genotypes. SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 3 BP 471 EP 480 UT WOS:000384766100020 ER PT J AU Taravati, S Mannion, C Osborne, L McKenzie, C AF Taravati, Siavash Mannion, Catharine Osborne, Lance McKenzie, Cindy TI Feeding and development of Nephaspis oculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST AB Nephaspis oculata (Blatchley) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a predatory lady beetle that has been studied for biological control of whiteflies. Here, we studied the feeding rate and development of this beetle on rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), an invasive whitefly species that was first found in the United States in 2009. The objective of our study was to measure the feeding rate of N. oculata on rugose spiraling whitefly and compare the egg-to-adult development on eggs and nymphs. Our results showed that N. oculata is able to complete its development from egg to adult solely on rugose spiraling whitefly. At 26.7 degrees C, immature (1st to 4th instars combined) beetles consumed an average of 245.7 +/- 14.4 rugose spiraling whitefly eggs prior to pupation. Adult beetles consumed 50.6 +/- 1.8 eggs per day. There was no difference between the feeding rate of adult males and females or between immature males and females. Larvae searched for prey by sweeping the leaf surface in an arc-shaped area around them. Extra-oral digestion was observed during feeding, which involved withdrawing and regurgitating of fluids from and into the egg shell. It took 21.3 +/- 0.7 d for the beetles to develop from egg to adult. The feeding rate of N. oculata on rugose spiraling whitefly was compared with that on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) at the same temperatures based on data from the literature. Adults of N. oculata consumed significantly lower number of eggs when fed on rugose spiraling whitefly compared with B. tabaci. However, rugose spiraling whitefly eggs are 3.7 times larger than B. tabaci eggs so the actual daily volume of rugose spiraling whitefly eggs consumed was 1.7 greater. Females of N. oculata produced significantly more adult progeny when fed on rugose spiraling whitefly eggs compared with rugose spiraling whitefly nymphs. Therefore, rugose spiraling whitefly eggs could be considered a more suitable choice than nymphs for rearing N. oculata. Results of our study may help researchers to determine suitable beetle-to-whitefly release ratios and to improve rearing methods of this beetle. SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 3 BP 516 EP 521 UT WOS:000384766100026 ER PT J AU Kariuki, EM Hix, RL Hight, SD Reitz, SR Kairo, MTK AF Kariuki, Eutychus M. Hix, Raymond L. Hight, Stephen D. Reitz, Stuart R. Kairo, Moses T. K. TI Influence of sun and shade conditions on Gratiana boliviana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) abundance and feeding activity on tropical soda apple (Solanaceae) under field conditions SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 3 BP 552 EP 554 UT WOS:000384766100034 ER PT J AU Foley, JR Minteer, C Tipping, PW AF Foley, Jeremiah R. Minteer, Carey Tipping, Philip W. TI Differences in seasonal variation between two biotypes of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent for Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) in Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 3 BP 569 EP 571 UT WOS:000384766100040 ER PT J AU Pratt, PD Makinson, JR Purcell, MF Rayamajhi, MB AF Pratt, Paul D. Makinson, Jeff R. Purcell, Matthew F. Rayamajhi, Min B. TI The suitability of select ferns as hosts for Archips machlopis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST AB Surveys for natural enemies of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. (Lygodiaceae) in Thailand resulted in the collection of Archips machlopis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Multiple generations of the tortricid were reared on L. microphyllum in a quarantine laboratory, demonstrating that the plant is a developmental host. Further host specificity testing indicated that A. machlopis is able to complete development on 12 of the 15 fern species tested, confirming that the polyphagous herbivore's diet includes Pteridophyta. These data also confirm that A. machlopis is not sufficiently host specific to be considered for biological control of L. microphyllum. SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 3 BP 572 EP 573 UT WOS:000384766100041 ER PT J AU Minteer, CR Tipping, PW Knowles, BK Valmonte, RJ Foley, JR Gettys, LA AF Minteer, C. R. Tipping, P. W. Knowles, B. K. Valmonte, R. J. Foley, J. R. Gettys, L. A. TI Utilization of an introduced weed biological control agent, Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), by a native parasitoid SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 3 BP 576 EP 577 UT WOS:000384766100043 ER PT J AU Fuglie, K AF Fuglie, Keith TI The growing role of the private sector in agricultural research and development world-wide SO GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT AB The private sector is playing an important role in developing technologies to raise productivity in agriculture. This paper presents new estimates of private agricultural and food R&D spending trends over the past 25 years. Global private spending on agricultural R&D (excluding R&D by food industries) rose from $5.1 billion in 1990 to $15.6 billion by 2014. Private R&D investment accelerated as agricultural commodity prices began to rise in 2003. Although the companies that account for most agricultural R&D spending are based in developed countries, their technologies have considerable and growing importance for developing countries. Some implications of these trends for public R&D policy are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 2211-9124 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.gfs.2016.07.005 UT WOS:000384911100004 ER PT J AU Hitchner, S Schelhas, J Brosius, JP AF Hitchner, Sarah Schelhas, John Brosius, J. Peter TI Snake Oil, Silver Buckshot, and People Who Hate Us: Metaphors and Conventional Discourses of Wood-based Bioenergy in the Rural Southeastern United States SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION AB Multiple experiences and sources of information influence ideas about wood-based bioenergy, and people often use similar language to reference various discourses (e.g., energy independence, rural development, environmental sustainability). We collected data during ethnographic research in three primary and three secondary field sites in the southeastern United States in which wood-based bioenergy facilities are located and at regional bioenergy conferences, as well as from publications on bioenergy from various sources. We use qualitative content analysis to show how various stakeholders in this region frame issues related to bioenergy, which bioenergy narratives and metaphors they employ, and how recurring linguistic elements are shared among bioenergy stakeholders. We focus on several key metaphors that people reference when they talk about bioenergy in different contexts, including public media, policy and management discussions, bioenergy conferences, outreach programs, and among landowners and within communities: "snake oil," "silver buckshot," and "people who hate us" (i.e., terrorists). We explain how these metaphors employ multiple, overlapping, and sometimes conflicting conventional discourses (Strauss 2012) in order to appeal to emotions and cultural value systems, and we argue that uses of these metaphors act as "moments of influence" (Witter et al. 2015) on perceptions of bioenergy. While it is impossible to know what truly motivates or influences people, by combining these two forms of analysis, we can show how language both reflects and creates shared cultural understanding of developing technologies and their effects on different stakeholders. SN 0018-7259 EI 1938-3525 PD FAL PY 2016 VL 75 IS 3 BP 204 EP 217 UT WOS:000384897200002 ER PT J AU Denlinger, DS Li, AY Durham, SL Lawyer, PG Anderson, JL Bernhardt, SA AF Denlinger, David S. Li, Andrew Y. Durham, Susan L. Lawyer, Phillip G. Anderson, Joseph L. Bernhardt, Scott A. TI Comparison of In Vivo and In Vitro Methods for Blood Feeding of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY AB Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli is a medically important insect that has been successfully colonized in the laboratory, and blood feeding is critical for colony propagation. There has been much interest in developing established protocols for in vitro blood-feeding systems. The objective of this study was to determine if a Parafilm membrane and a hog's gut membrane could be successfully used with in vitro feeding systems. We evaluated percentages of P. papatasi females that blood fed on different blood-feeding systems (a mouse, a Hemotek feeder, or a glass feeder) used with either a Parafilm or a hog's gut membrane, with cohorts of 250 and 500 P. papatasi females, and with or without external exhalations. For all feeding system combinations, female P. papatasi blood fed in higher percentages when in cohorts of 500 individuals and in the presence of exhalations. Higher percentages of P. papatasi fed on a mouse, but this study also demonstrates that P. papatasi will readily feed with in vitro feeding systems using a Parafilm membrane or a hog's gut membrane. This study suggests that female P. papatasi may use an invitation effect to blood feed and are attracted to blood sources via chemical olfaction cues, both of which have been characterized in other blood-feeding arthropods. Our study demonstrates that a Parafilm membrane or a hog's gut membrane, in conjunction with the Hemotek or glass feeder system, is potentially a viable alternative to live rodents to blood feed a colony of P. papatasi. SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1112 EP 1116 DI 10.1093/jme/tjw074 UT WOS:000383708100013 ER PT J AU Sparks, JT Dickens, JC AF Sparks, Jackson T. Dickens, Joseph C. TI Electrophysiological Responses of Gustatory Receptor Neurons on the Labella of the Common Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY AB We recorded electrical responses from sensory cells associated with gustatory sensilla on the labella of female Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say to salt, sucrose, quinine (a feeding deterrent), and the insect repellent, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). A salt-sensitive cell responded to increasing concentrations of sodium chloride. A second cell was activated by increasing sucrose concentrations, while quinine, DEET, or a mixture of quinine + DEET elicited spike activity from a third cell, an apparent bitter- or deterrent-sensitive cell. Both quinine and DEET suppressed activity of the sugar-sensitive cell; sucrose suppressed activity of the bitter- or deterrent-sensitive cell. These results demonstrate separate gustatory pathways for a feeding stimulant and aversive contact cues mediated through distinct sensory inputs on the labellum. This sensory appendage may serve as a useful target to disrupt feeding behavior in this and other anopheline species, which transmit diseases like malaria to human populations. SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1148 EP 1155 DI 10.1093/jme/tjw073 UT WOS:000383708100017 ER PT J AU Kramer, MH Paparozzi, ET Stroup, WW AF Kramer, Matthew H. Paparozzi, Ellen T. Stroup, Walter W. TI Statistics in a Horticultural Journal: Problems and Solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AB We examined all articles in volume 139 and the first issue of volume 140 of the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (JASHS) for statistical problems. Slightly fewer than half appeared to have problems. This is consistent with what has been found for other biological journals. Problems ranged from inappropriate analyses and statistical procedures to insufficient (or complete lack of) information on how the analyses were performed. A common problem arose from taking many measurements from the same plant, which leads to correlated test results, ignored when declaring significance at P = 0.05 for each test. In this case, experiment-wise error control is lacking. We believe that many of these problems could and should have been caught in the writing or review process; i.e., identifying them did not require an extensive statistics background. This suggests that authors and reviewers have not absorbed nor kept current with many of the statistical basics needed for understanding their own data, for conducting proper statistical analyses, and for communicating their results. For a variety of reasons, graduate training in statistics for horticulture majors appears inadequate; we suggest that researchers in this field actively seek out opportunities to improve and update their statistical knowledge throughout their careers and engage a statistician as a collaborator early when unfamiliar methods are needed to design or analyze a research study. In addition, the ASHS, which publishes three journals, should assist authors, reviewers, and editors by recognizing and supporting the need for continuing education in quantitative literacy. SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 141 IS 5 BP 400 EP 406 DI 10.21273/JASHS03747-16 UT WOS:000385005200001 ER PT J AU Wang, N Liu, S Gao, P Luan, FS Davis, AR AF Wang, Nan Liu, Shi Gao, Peng Luan, Feishi Davis, Angela R. TI Developmental Changes in Gene Expression Drive Accumulation of Lycopene and beta-Carotene in Watermelon SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AB Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) is an excellent daily source of dietary lycopene and beta-carotene. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis genes relative to lycopene and b-carotene accumulation in watermelon fruit, six watermelon accessions with different flesh colors were examined in this study: white-fleshed PI 459074, pale-yellow-fleshed 'Cream of Saskatchewan', light-pink-fleshed PI 482255, orange-yellow-fleshed 'WM-Clr-1', and red-fleshed 'LSW177' and 'MSW28'. The expression patterns of eight genes (PSY1, PSY2, PDS, ZDS, CRTISO, LCYB, NCED1, and NCED7) involved in lycopene and b-carotene biosynthesis and biodegradation were analyzed. The results confirmed the accumulation of large quantities of lycopene in red-fleshed 'LSW177' and 'MSW28', reflecting the elevated expression of PSY1 and the low transcriptional expression of NCED1. The relative expression levels of NCED1 likely play an important role in the color development of the light-pink-fleshed PI 482255, whereas the reduced transcriptional expression of PSY1 and the increased expression of NCED1 appear to be the main factors contributing to the formation of white flesh in the fruit of PI 459074. Low transcriptional expression of PSY1 results in the pale-yellow flesh of the ` Cream of Saskatchewan' fruit. SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 141 IS 5 BP 434 EP + DI 10.21273/JASHS03690-16 UT WOS:000385005200005 ER PT J AU Dhillon, NPS Sanguansil, S Schafleitner, R Wang, YW McCreight, JD AF Dhillon, Narinder P. S. Sanguansil, Supannika Schafleitner, Roland Wang, Yen-Wei McCreight, James D. TI Diversity Among a Wide Asian Collection of Bitter Gourd Landraces and their Genetic Relationships with Commercial Hybrid Cultivars SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AB We report here the genetic characterization of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) based on polymorphisms of 50 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in 114 accessions that included landraces, breeding lines, and commercial open-pollinated and F-1 hybrid cultivars widely grown in Asia. Neighbor-joining tree analysis revealed a high level of genetic variability in the collection. The 114 accessions formed three subpopulations represented by five clusters. Distribution of accessions across the five clusters reflected their geographic origin to a large extent. South Asian accessions originating from India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan were more closely related to each other than to any other geographical group. Likewise, southeast Asian accessions that originated from Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Philippines were grouped together. Accessions that originated from Taiwan were genetically distinct and grouped separately. A landrace from Laos was genetically close to the accessions from Thailand and genetically distinct from the rest of the accessions. White-fruited genotypes were genetically distinct from green-and dark green-fruited genotypes. Low-and medium-bitter accessions were more similar to each other than to the high-bitter genotypes. Accessions with cylindrical fruit were genetically distinct from those with spindle or elongated fruit. Commercial cultivars in each cluster were closely related, which indicated a narrowing of the bitter gourd genetic base in Asia in response to market demands for uniformity and yield. Use of diverse germplasm resources in bitter gourd breeding will help in sustainable breeding and production. SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 141 IS 5 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.21273/JASHS03748-16 UT WOS:000385005200010 ER PT J AU Bordiya, Y Zheng, Y Nam, JC Bonnard, AC Choi, HW Lee, BK Kim, J Klessig, DF Fei, ZJ Kang, HG AF Bordiya, Yogendra Zheng, Yi Nam, Ji-Chul Bonnard, April C. Choi, Hyong Woo Lee, Bum-Kyu Kim, Jonghwan Klessig, Daniel F. Fei, Zhangjun Kang, Hong-Gu TI Pathogen Infection and MORC Proteins Affect Chromatin Accessibility of Transposable Elements and Expression of Their Proximal Genes in Arabidopsis SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS AB To assess the role of MORC1 in epigenetics in relation to plant immunity, genome-wide chromatin accessibility was compared between mock- or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato inoculated wild type (WT) Arabidopsis, the morc1/2 double mutant, or both. Most changes in chromatin accessibility, scored by DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs), were located in the promoters of genes and transposable elements (TEs). Comparisons between morc1/2 and WT receiving the same treatment revealed differential DHSs (dDHSs) predominantly associated with heterochromatic TEs. By contrast, comparisons between mock- and P. syringae pv. tomato inoculated plants from the same genotype showed dDHSs associated with biotic and abiotic stress-related genes; a smaller but significant population was in TEs. Moreover, many defense genes, including PR-1, PR-2, and PR-5, were proximal to P. syringae pv. tomato induced, TE-associated dDHSs. A random subset of these defense genes showed moderately delayed or reduced expression or both in P. syringae pv. tomato infected morc1/2 as compared with WT. MORC1 was physically bound to chromatin in a P. syringae pv. tomato infection-responsive manner at sites dispersed throughout the genome. Notably, silencing of TE-associated dDHSs proximal to these infection induced, MORC1-interacting sites led to significant suppression of P. syringae pv. tomato induced transcription of adjacent defense genes, including PR-I. These results provide evidence that MORC1 is associated with TEs and suggest that a subset of these TEs may help regulate their proximal defense genes. SN 0894-0282 EI 1943-7706 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 29 IS 9 BP 674 EP 687 DI 10.1094/MPMI-01-16-0023-R UT WOS:000384965000002 PM 27482822 ER PT J AU Blacutt, AA Mitchell, TR Bacon, CW Gold, SE AF Blacutt, A. A. Mitchell, T. R. Bacon, C. W. Gold, S. E. TI Bacillus mojavensis RRC101 Lipopeptides Provoke Physiological and Metabolic Changes During Antagonism Against Fusarium verticillioides SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS AB The mycotoxigenic pathogen Fusarium verticillioides threatens the quality and utility of maize across industrial and agricultural purposes. Chemical control is complicated by the intimate endophytic lifestyle of the pathogen with its host. Bacillus mojavensis RRC101, a maize-endophytic bacterium, has been observed to reduce F. verticillioides disease severity and fumonisin accumulation when coinoculated to maize. Genome sequencing and annotation identified a number of biocontrol-relevant pathways in RRC101. Biochemical assays confirmed the presence and activity of surfactin- and fengycin-type lipopeptides, with fengycins responsible for antifungal activity against F. verticillioides. This antagonism manifests as inhibition of filamentous growth, with microscopy revealing hyphal distortions, vacuolization, and lysis. F. verticillioides secondary metabolism also responds to antagonism, with lipopeptide challenge inducing greater fumonisin production and, in the case of fengycins, eliciting pigment accumulation at sites of inhibition. Together, these data suggest that antibiotic and toxin production are components of a complex biochemical interaction among maize endophytes, one pathogenic and one beneficial. SN 0894-0282 EI 1943-7706 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 29 IS 9 BP 713 EP 723 DI 10.1094/MPMI-05-16-0093-R UT WOS:000384965000005 ER PT J AU Tatineni, S Wosula, EN Bartels, M Hein, GL Graybosch, RA AF Tatineni, Satyanarayana Wosula, Everlyne N. Bartels, Melissa Hein, Gary L. Graybosch, Robert A. TI Temperature-Dependent Wsm1 and Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus in Wheat SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS AB Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are economically important viral pathogens of wheat. Wheat cvs. Mace, carrying the Wsm1 gene, is resistant to WSMV and TriMV, and Snowmass, with Wsm2, is resistant to WSMV. Viral resistance in both cultivars is temperature sensitive and is effective at 18 degrees C or below but not at higher temperatures. The underlying mechanisms of viral resistance of Wsm1 and Wsm2, nonallelic single dominant genes, are not known. In this study, we found that fluorescent protein tagged WSMV and TriMV elicited foci that were approximately similar in number and size at 18 and 24 degrees C, on inoculated leaves of resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars. These data suggest that resistant wheat cultivars at 18 degrees C facilitated efficient cell-to-cell movement. Additionally, WSMV and TriMV efficiently replicated in inoculated leaves of resistant wheat cultivars at 18 degrees C but failed to establish systemic infection, suggesting that Wsm1- and Wsm2-mediated resistance debilitated viral long-distance transport. Furthermore, we found that neither virus was able to enter the leaf sheaths of inoculated leaves or crowns of resistant wheat cultivars at 18 degrees C but both were able to do so at 24 degrees C. Thus, wheat cvs. Mace and Snowmass provide resistance at the long-distance movement stage by specifically blocking virus entry into the vasculature. Taken together, these data suggest that both Wsm1 and Wsm2 genes similarly confer virus resistance by temperature-dependent impairment of viral long-distance movement. SN 0894-0282 EI 1943-7706 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 29 IS 9 BP 724 EP 738 DI 10.1094/MPMI-06-16-0110-R UT WOS:000384965000006 PM 27551888 ER PT J AU Gray, SB Dermody, O Klein, SP Locke, AM McGrath, JM Paul, RE Rosenthal, DM Ruiz-Vera, UM Siebers, MH Strellner, R Ainsworth, EA Bernacchi, CJ Long, SP Ort, DR Leakey, ADB AF Gray, Sharon B. Dermody, Orla Klein, Stephanie P. Locke, Anna M. McGrath, Justin M. Paul, Rachel E. Rosenthal, David M. Ruiz-Vera, Ursula M. Siebers, Matthew H. Strellner, Reid Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Bernacchi, Carl J. Long, Stephen P. Ort, Donald R. Leakey, Andrew D. B. TI Intensifying drought eliminates the expected benefits of elevated carbon dioxide for soybean SO NATURE PLANTS AB Stimulation of C-3 crop yield by rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]) is widely expected to counteract crop losses that are due to greater drought this century. But these expectations come from sparse field trials that have been biased towards mesic growth conditions. This eight-year study used precipitation manipulation and year-to-year variation in weather conditions at a unique open-air field facility to show that the stimulation of soybean yield by elevated [CO2] diminished to zero as drought intensified. Contrary to the prevalent expectation in the literature, rising [CO2] did not counteract the effect of strong drought on photosynthesis and yield because elevated [CO2] interacted with drought to modify stomatal function and canopy energy balance. This new insight from field experimentation under hot and dry conditions, which will become increasingly prevalent in the coming decades, highlights the likelihood of negative impacts from interacting global change factors on a key global commodity crop in its primary region of production. RI Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016; OI Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X; Ruiz Vera, Ursula/0000-0003-1890-967X SN 2055-026X EI 2055-0278 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 2 IS 9 AR 16132 DI 10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.132 UT WOS:000385011300009 PM 27595230 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Johnson, DM Jackson, RB AF Polley, H. Wayne Johnson, Daniel M. Jackson, Robert B. TI Canopy foliation and area as predictors of mortality risk from episodic drought for individual trees of Ashe juniper SO PLANT ECOLOGY AB Drought is killing an increasing number of trees globally, yet mortality risk remains difficult to predict at fine spatial scales. We sought to identify metrics of living individuals that could be used to estimate mortality risk of Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) trees and eventually to estimate the fraction of juniper populations at risk from drought. Ashe juniper is a keystone species in the Edwards Plateau region in central Texas, USA. We analyzed tree rings from both living and dead trees to determine growth rate prior to an historic drought in 2011 and measured morphological, physiological, and stand-level variables hypothesized to link growth rate and mortality risk. Slowly growing trees were disproportionately vulnerable to mortality. Fractional mortality of sampled trees was correlated to the difference between the mean pre-drought basal area increment (BAI) per tree and the predrought BAI of minimally stressed trees growing on deep soil (=BAI(90) - BAI). Slowly growing trees had sparsely foliated canopies. BAI(90) - BAI was positively correlated to the difference between: (1) leaf area per unit of projected canopy area per tree (LA) and the LA of minimally stressed trees and (2) projected canopy area (CA) and the CA of comparably sized trees. By contrast, there was no correlation between growth of living trees and light interception by neighboring trees, soil depth, or two functional metrics, the stem-leaf Psi gradient and leaf light use efficiency. Mortality risk in Ashe juniper populations can be estimated from nondestructive measurements of leaf and canopy area of individual trees using relationships among risk, growth, and leaf and canopy area. RI Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011 OI Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147 SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 217 IS 9 BP 1105 EP 1114 DI 10.1007/s11258-016-0636-3 UT WOS:000385197100005 ER PT J AU Fanta, GF Felker, FC Selling, GW AF Fanta, George F. Felker, Frederick C. Selling, Gordon W. TI Films prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) and amylose-fatty acid salt inclusion complexes with increased surface hydrophobicity and high elongation SO STARCH-STARKE AB Water-soluble amylose-inclusion complexes were prepared from high amylose corn starch and the sodium salts of lauric (C-12), palmitic (C-16), and stearic (C-18) acid by steam jet cooking. Cast films plasticized with glycerol were prepared by combining solutions of the amylose complexes and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) at ratios varying from 100:0 to 0:100. All amylose complex formulations up to 60% incorporation had percent elongations equivalent to or greater than the PVOH control. Tensile strength was similar to control films up to 40% incorporation of the C-16 complex. All films prepared from these amylose complexes had tensile properties superior to composite films containing uncomplexed corn starch. Contact angles of water droplets showed that incorporation of as little as 20% amylose complex yielded films with increased surface hydrophobicity. Microscopy of iodine-stained films showed that the films contained a starch-rich phase and a continuous unstained background of PVOH. Surface roughness and the close proximity of the micron-sized areas of starch complex may contribute to the high contact angles observed at low concentrations of complex. This study enables production of PVOH films containing substantial levels of biobased starch, a good balance of physical properties, and greatly increased surface hydrophobicity relative to the PVOH control. SN 0038-9056 EI 1521-379X PD SEP PY 2016 VL 68 IS 9-10 BP 874 EP 884 DI 10.1002/star.201500242 UT WOS:000383617000009 ER PT J AU Cervantes, FA Backus, EA Godfrey, L Akbar, W Clark, TL AF Cervantes, Felix A. Backus, Elaine A. Godfrey, Larry Akbar, Waseem Clark, Thomas L. TI Characterization of an EPG Waveform Library for Adult Lygus lineolaris and Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) Feeding on Cotton Squares SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AB Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) and Lygus hesperus Knight are among the most important pests affecting production of cotton in the United States. Lygus spp. use a cell rupture feeding strategy. However, the precise stylet-probing behaviors of adult Lygus spp. are not well understood or quantifiably related to cotton damage. The long-term goals of our research are to: 1) relate stylet probing to damage, and 2) quantitatively compare L. lineolaris feeding among resistant and susceptible host plants. The specific objectives of this study were to apply the latest technology in electropenetrography (EPG) to record adult, prereproductive Lygus spp. feeding, to identify and characterize all the waveforms, and to hypothesize their biological meanings. We used a third-generation AC-DC electropenetrograph to record nonprobing and probing waveforms of adult bugs on pinhead (<3mm) cotton squares, and constructed a waveform library from the output. Recordings were obtained with both AC and DC applied signals and at different input impedances (10(6)-10(9) Omega). Three nonprobing waveforms were identified and visually correlated: Standing still (S), walking (W), and antennation (A). Probing waveforms were classified as: cell rupturing (CR), transition (T), and ingestion (I). T waveform is the first finding of an X wave for a nonsalivary sheath feeder in Hemiptera, implying that tasting/testing/acceptance behaviors can be performed by a cell rupture feeder. While waveform I is not performed in every probe, when performed, its appearance and structure were affected by applied signal and input impedance. Overall, time spent in nonprobing behaviors was longer than time spent on probing behaviors. SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 109 IS 5 BP 684 EP 697 DI 10.1093/aesa/saw039 UT WOS:000384436900003 ER PT J AU Lerman, SB Milam, J AF Lerman, S. B. Milam, J. TI Bee Fauna and Floral Abundance Within Lawn-Dominated Suburban Yards in Springfield, MA SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AB Private yards comprise a significant component of urban lands, with managed lawns representing the dominant land cover. Lawns blanket > 163,000 km(2) of the United States, and 50% of urban and suburban areas. When not treated with herbicides, lawns have the capacity to support a diversity of spontaneous (e.g., not planted) flowers, with the potential to provide nectar and pollen resources for pollinators such as native bees. In order to determine the extent to which suburban lawns support these important species, we surveyed lawns in 17 suburban yards in Springfield, MA, between May and September 2013 and 2014. Householders participating in the study did not apply chemical pesticides or herbicides to lawns for the duration of the study. We collected 5,331 individual bees, representing 111 species, and 29% of bee species reported for the state. The majority of species were native to North America (94.6%), nested in soil (73%), and solitary (48.6%). Species richness was lower for oligolectic (specialists on a single plant; 9.9%) and parasitic species (12.6%). Abundance percentages for number of individuals were similar. We documented 63 plant species in the lawns, the majority of which were not intentionally planted. The most abundant lawn flowers were dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and clover (Trifolium sp.). Nearly 30% of the spontaneous plant species growing in the lawns were native to North America. Our study suggests that the spontaneous lawn flowers could be viewed as supplemental floral resources and support pollinators, thereby enhancing the value of urban green spaces. SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 109 IS 5 BP 713 EP 723 DI 10.1093/aesa/saw043 UT WOS:000384436900006 ER PT J AU Aycrigg, JL Groves, C Hilty, JA Scott, JM Beier, P Boyce, DA Figg, D Hamilton, H Machlis, G Muller, K Rosenberg, KV Sauvajot, RM Shaffer, M Wentworth, R AF Aycrigg, Jocelyn L. Groves, Craig Hilty, Jodi A. Scott, J. Michael Beier, Paul Boyce, D. A., Jr. Figg, Dennis Hamilton, Healy Machlis, Gary Muller, Kit Rosenberg, K. V. Sauvajot, Raymond M. Shaffer, Mark Wentworth, Rand TI Completing the System: Opportunities and Challenges for a National Habitat Conservation System SO BIOSCIENCE AB The United States has achieved significant conservation goals to date, but the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem processes is accelerating. We evaluate opportunities and challenges to conserving our biodiversity by completing a national habitat conservation system, which could stem losses of natural resources and ecosystem services and proactively prepare for climate-change impacts. Lessons learned from two international conservation systems and the infrastructure of national bird conservation partnerships provide examples for completing a national habitat conservation system. One option is to convene a national forum of interested public and private parties to undertake four key actions; develop a common conservation vision and set measureable goals, complete a conservation assessment, use an adaptive management framework to monitor progress toward this vision, and implement strategies to complete a national habitat conservation system. Completing a national habitat conservation system is key to meeting the challenges of conserving habitats and biodiversity of the United States. SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 66 IS 9 BP 774 EP 784 DI 10.1093/biosci/biw090 UT WOS:000384602800010 ER PT J AU Hebert, JB Scheffer, SJ Hawthorne, DJ AF Hebert, Julie B. Scheffer, Sonja J. Hawthorne, David J. TI Evidence for ecological speciation via a host shift in the holly leaf miner, Phytomyza glabricola (Diptera: Agromyzidae) SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Evolutionary radiations have been well documented in plants and insects, and natural selection may often underly these radiations. If radiations are adaptive, the diversity of species could be due to ecological speciation in these lineages. Agromyzid flies exhibit patterns of repeated host-associated radiations. We investigated whether host-associated population divergence and evidence of divergent selection exist in the leaf miner Phytomyza glabricola on its sympatric host plants, the holly species, Ilex coriacea and I.glabra. Using AFLPs and nuclear sequence data, we found substantial genetic divergence between host-associated populations of these flies throughout their geographic range. Genome scans using the AFLP data identified 13 loci under divergent selection, consistent with processes of ecological speciation. EF-1 data suggest thatI.glabra is the original host of P.glabricola and that I.coriacea is the novelhost, but the AFLP data are ambiguous with regard to directionality of the host shift. SN 2045-7758 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 6 IS 18 BP 6565 EP 6577 DI 10.1002/ece3.2358 UT WOS:000384527200012 PM 27777730 ER PT J AU Gizaw, SA Garland-Campbell, K Carter, AH AF Gizaw, Shiferaw A. Garland-Campbell, Kimberly Carter, Arron H. TI Evaluation of agronomic traits and spectral reflectance in Pacific Northwest winter wheat under rain-fed and irrigated conditions SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH AB The US Pacific Northwest (PNW) is characterized by high latitude and Mediterranean climate where wheat production is predominantly rain-fed and often subject to low soil moisture. As a result, selection for drought-adaptive traits in modern cultivars has been an integral component of the regional breeding programs. The goal of this research was to evaluate phenotypic associations of morpho-physiological traits and their response to soil moisture variation in winter wheat germplasm adapted to the PNW. A panel of 402 winter wheat accessions (87 hard and 315 soft) was evaluated for spectral reflectance indices (SRIs), canopy temperature (CT), plant stature, phenology, grain yield, and yield components under rain fed and irrigated conditions in 2012-2014. Variation in soil moisture and temperature cumulatively explained 86% of total yield variation across years and locations. The phenotypic associations of yield with phenology, plant height, and CT were environment dependent. Various SRIs related to biomass, stay green, pigment composition, and hydration status showed consistent patterns of response to drought and strong correlations with yield (p < 0.001). The compensatory interaction of grain number and weight was indicated in the negative correlation between thousand kernel weight and grain number per spike across moisture regimes. Area under vegetation index curve (AUVIC) explained 53-88% of the total variation in stay green estimated from visual score of flag leaf senescence (p < 0.001). Principal component analysis revealed three major clusters that explained more than 76% of interrelations among traits. The market classes within the study population showed differentiation with respect to these traits. This study highlights the potential use of spectral radiometry in field screening of winter wheat for grain yield and drought adaptation in Mediterranean-like environments. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-4290 EI 1872-6852 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 196 BP 168 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.018 UT WOS:000384777000015 ER PT J AU Gizaw, SA Garland-Campbell, K Carter, AH AF Gizaw, Shiferaw A. Garland-Campbell, Kimberly Carter, Arron H. TI Use of spectral reflectance for indirect selection of yield potential and stability in Pacific Northwest winter wheat SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH AB The use of canopy spectral reflectance as a high throughput selection method has been recommended to augment genetic gain from yield based selection in highly variable environments. The objectives of this study were to estimate genotypic correlations between grain yield and spectral reflectance indices (SRIs), and estimate heritability, expected response to selection, relative efficiency of indirect selection, and accuracy of yield predictive models in Pacific Northwest winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under a range of moisture regimes. A diversity panel of 402 winter wheat genotypes (87 hard and 315 soft) was grown in rain-fed and irrigated conditions across the eastern Washington in 2012 and 2013. Canopy spectral reflectance measured at heading, milk, soft dough, and hard dough stages were used to derive several SRIs which generally had higher broad sense heritability (H-2) than yield per se. Grain yield and SRIs showed generally high genetic variability and response to selection in moist-cool rain-fed condition. Efficiency of indirect selection for yield using SRIs was high in drought environment and exceeded efficiency of yield based selection in the soft winter subgroup. Normalized water band index (NWI) showed consistent response to selection across environments, higher genetic correlation with yield (0.51-0.80, p<0.001), and highest indirect selection efficiency (up to 143%). A yield predictive model with one or more SRIs explained 41-82% of total variation in grain yield (p<0.001). The repeatability of genotypic performance between years increased when selection was conducted based on both SRIs and grain yield compared to selection based on yield or SRI alone. The generally high heritability of SRIs and their significant genotypic correlation with grain yield highlight the possibility to improve yield and yield stability in winter wheat through remotely sensed phenotyping approaches. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-4290 EI 1872-6852 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 196 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.022 UT WOS:000384777000018 ER PT J AU Huang, K Guo, ST Cushman, SA Dunn, DW Qi, XG Hou, R Zhang, J Li, Q Zhang, Q Shi, Z Zhang, K Li, BG AF Huang, Kang Guo, Songtao Cushman, Samuel A. Dunn, Derek W. Qi, Xiaoguang Hou, Rong Zhang, Jing Li, Qi Zhang, Qiang Shi, Zhen Zhang, Kan Li, Baoguo TI Population structure of the golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains, central China SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY AB Environmental barriers and habitat fragmentation can restrict gene flow, leading to genetic divergence among animal populations. The golden snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus roxellana, is endemic to China, and ranges across 4 provinces. However, over the past 40 years its populations have become fragmented. We investigated the genetic diversity, demographic history and population structure of R. roxellana in 5 reserves in one of its strongholds, the Qinling Mountain forests of Shaanxi. We collected genetic material from 11 monkey bands (a group of individuals containing multiple 1-male units) with a total of 428 samples genotyped at 20 microsatellite loci. Allelic richness and heterozygosity suggested a relatively high level of intra-band genetic diversity. We found no evidence of any genetic bottleneck in these R. roxellana populations. AMOVA and Bayesian cluster analysis revealed that R. roxellana in the 5 reserves are highly structured and form at least 3 distinct subpopulations. These subpopulations concur with major topographical features in the study area, such as mountain ridges, suggesting that dispersal of R. roxellana may be restricted by geographical barriers. SN 1749-4877 EI 1749-4869 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 BP 350 EP 360 DI 10.1111/1749-4877.12202 UT WOS:000384716700002 PM 27059276 ER PT J AU Starkenburg, D Metzger, S Fochesatto, GJ Alfieri, JG Gens, R Prakash, A Cristobal, J AF Starkenburg, Derek Metzger, Stefan Fochesatto, Gilberto J. Alfieri, Joseph G. Gens, Rudiger Prakash, Anupma Cristobal, Jordi TI Assessment of Despiking Methods for Turbulence Data in Micrometeorology SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY AB The computation of turbulent fluxes of heat, momentum, and greenhouse gases requires measurements taken at high sampling frequencies. An important step in this process involves the detection and removal of sudden, short-lived variations that do not represent physical processes and that contaminate the data (i.e., spikes). The objective of this study is to assess the performance of several noteworthy despiking methodologies in order to provide a benchmark assessment and to provide a recommendation that is most applicable to high-frequency micrometeorological data in terms of efficiency and simplicity. The performance of a statistical time window-based algorithm widely used in micrometeorology is compared to three other methodologies (phase space, wavelet based, and median filter). These algorithms are first applied to a synthetic signal (a clean reference version and then one with spikes) in order to assess general performance. Afterward, testing is done on a time series of actual CO2 concentrations that contains extreme systematic spikes every hour owing to instrument interference, as well as several smaller random spike points. The study finds that the median filter and wavelet threshold methods are most reliable, and that their performance by far exceeds statistical time window-based methodologies that use the median or arithmetic mean operator (-34% and -71% reduced root-mean-square deviation, respectively). Overall, the median filter is recommended, as it is most easily automatable for a variety of micrometeorological data types, including data with missing points and low-frequency coherent turbulence. OI Cristobal, Jordi/0000-0001-6244-4289 SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2001 EP 2013 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0154.1 UT WOS:000384535300013 ER PT J AU Chastant, JE Callaghan, CT Kings, DT AF Chastant, Jennifer E. Callaghan, Corey T. Kings, D. Tommy TI Morphometric Variation during Chick Development in Interior Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) SO WATERBIRDS AB In numerous avian species, egg size is correlated to female body condition, hatchling size and nestling growth. Recent demography studies of Interior Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) suggest a migratory divide across the Great Lakes; western populations winter in the Gulf of Mexico region of the southeastern United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi) with extensive catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aqua culture, and eastern populations winter in Florida, where catfish aquaculture is not pervasive. If Double-crested Cormorants have improved their overall body condition through catfish exploitation, then egg and chick sizes should also be affected. Three breeding areas in Ontario (east, central, and west) were selected for empirical measures of size variation. During the breeding seasons of 2006 and 2007, egg, naked young, fledgling, and adult morphometric data were collected. Eggs in eastern areas (volume = 465.8 +/- 3.9 cm(3)) were on average larger than eggs in central (volume = 458.1 +/- 3.5 cm(3)) and western (volume = 451.7 +/- 3.5 cm(3)) areas. However, chicks in eastern areas (culmen = 54.9 +/- 0.6 mm) were smaller than chicks in central (culmen = 57.6 +/- 0.4 mm) and western (culmen = 59.3 +/- 0.3 mm) areas, not only at hatching, but throughout development and fledging. A comprehensive Double -crested Cormorant morphometric gradient that may suggest a potential reproductive advantage for birds exploiting aquaculture facilities is presented. SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 260 EP 267 UT WOS:000384631200004 ER PT J AU King, DT Fischer, J Strickland, B Walter, WD Cunningham, FL Wang, GM AF King, D. Tommy Fischer, Justin Strickland, Bronson Walter, W. David Cunningham, Fred L. Wang, Guiming TI Winter and Summer Home Ranges of American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) Captured at Loafing Sites in the Southeastern United States SO WATERBIRDS AB Satellite telemetry was used to investigate summer and winter home ranges for resident and migrant American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) captured in the southeastern United States between 2002 and 2007. Home range utilization distributions were calculated using 50% and 95% kernel density estimators with the plug-in bandwidth selector. Mean summer home ranges (95%) varied from 177 to 4,710 km(2) and mean winter home ranges (95%) ranged from 185 to 916 km2. Mean 50% and 95% home ranges of adult American White Pelicans during summer tended to be larger than those during winter, whereas mean 50% and 95% home ranges of immature pelicans during summer tended to be smaller than those during winter. Home ranges for all American White Pelicans encompassed the latitude range of 24 degrees-55 degrees N, including wintering, stop over, and nesting habitat. These data provide baseline movement and home range data for future studies of American White Pelican ecology. SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 287 EP 294 UT WOS:000384631200007 ER PT J AU Murray, JC Kiszonas, AM Wilson, J Morris, CF AF Murray, Jessica C. Kiszonas, Alecia M. Wilson, Jeff Morris, Craig F. TI Effect of Soft Kernel Texture on the Milling Properties of Soft Durum Wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY AB Worldwide, nearly 20 times more common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is produced than durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum). Durum wheat is predominately milled into coarse semolina owing to the extreme hardness of the kernels. Semolina, lacking the versatility of traditional flour, is used primarily in the production of pasta. The puroindoline genes, responsible for kernel softness in wheat, have been introduced into durum via homoeologous recombination. The objective of this study was to determine what impact the introgression of the puroindoline genes, and subsequent expression of the soft kernel phenotype, had on the milling properties and flour characteristics of durum wheat. Three grain lots of Soft Svevo and one of Soft Alzada, two soft-kernel back-cross derived durum varieties, were milled into flour on the modified Quadrumat Senior laboratory mill at 13, 14, and 16% temper levels. Samples of Svevo (a durum wheat and recurrent parent of Soft Svevo), Xerpha (a soft white winter wheat), and Expresso (a hard red spring wheat) were included as comparisons. Soft Svevo and Soft Alzada exhibited dramatically lower single-kernel characterization system kernel hardness than the other samples. Soft Svevo and Soft Alzada had high break flour yields, similar to the common wheat samples, especially the soft hexaploid wheat, and markedly greater than the durum samples. Overall, Soft Svevo and Soft Alzada exhibited milling properties and flour quality comparable, if not superior, to those of common wheat. SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 93 IS 5 BP 513 EP 517 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-06-15-0136-R UT WOS:000383963800013 ER PT J AU Plotto, A Whitaker, V Bai, JH Chambers, A Barbey, C Folta, K AF Plotto, Anne Whitaker, Vance Bai, Jinhe Chambers, Alan Barbey, Christopher Folta, Kevin TI Is Methyl Anthranilate Indeed a Contributor to Fruity Aroma in Strawberry? SO CHEMICAL SENSES CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Chemoreception-Sciences (AChemS) CY APR 20-23, 2016 CL Bonita Springs, FL SP Assoc Chemorecept Sci SN 0379-864X EI 1464-3553 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 MA 229 BP E53 EP E53 UT WOS:000383854300131 ER PT J AU Zhang, RY Li, CY Zhang, MY Rodgers, J AF Zhang, Ruoyu Li, Changying Zhang, Mengyun Rodgers, James TI Shortwave infrared hyperspectral reflectance imaging for cotton foreign matter classification SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE AB Cotton contaminants seriously reduce the commercial value of cotton lint and further degrade the quality of textile products. This research aims to investigate the potential of a non-contact technique, i.e., liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) hyperspectral imaging, to inspect foreign matter on the surface of cotton lint. The foreign matter samples used in this study included 11 types of botanical foreign matter and 5 types of non-botanical foreign matter. Hyperspectral images of the foreign matter were acquired using a LCTF hyperspectral imaging system with a spectral range from 900 to 1700 nm. The mean spectra of the foreign matter and lint samples were extracted manually from the images. Linear discriminant analysis was applied to classify different types of foreign matter and cotton lint according to their spectral features. Classification accuracies of 96.5% and 95.1% were achieved with leave-one-out and four fold cross-validation, respectively. For pixel-level image classification, a majority of the pixels for different types of foreign matter were classified correctly by a support vector machine, using the top features of the minimum noise fraction transformation. The results demonstrate that non-contact liquid crystal tunable filter hyperspectral imaging is a promising method to discriminate foreign matter materials from cotton lint. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 127 BP 260 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2016.06.023 UT WOS:000383527100027 ER PT J AU Lu, YZ Li, R Lu, RF AF Lu, Yuzhen Li, Richard Lu, Renfu TI Fast demodulation of pattern images by spiral phase transform in structured-illumination reflectance imaging for detection of bruises in apples SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE AB A structured-illumination reflectance imaging (SIRI) system was recently developed in our laboratory for enhanced quality evaluation of horticultural products. It was implemented using a digital camera to acquire reflectance images from food products subjected to sinusoidal patterns of illumination, instead of conventional diffuse or uniform illumination. The reconstruction of amplitude images is a key step in implementing SIRI technique. Conventional methods require acquisition and subsequent demodulation of three phase-shifted pattern images, which limits the speed of image acquisition. This study proposed the use of spiral phase transform (SPT) for demodulation of pattern images acquired by SIRI. Three SPT-based methods involving only one or two images were investigated through numerical simulation, followed with experiments on the detection of fresh bruises in apples. Compared to conventional three-phase based and two-phase based Gram-Schmidt (GS) orthonormalization demodulation methods, the two-phase SPT method achieved the same or even higher demodulation accuracy, which applies to two pattern images that can be arbitrarily phase-shifted. SPT also allowed single-image based demodulation, although its performance still needs to be improved. This study demonstrated that SPT for amplitude demodulation can increase the imaging speed of SIRI by using one or two pattern images, which is a significant step towards real-time implementation of the technique. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 127 BP 652 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2016.07.012 UT WOS:000383527100065 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Knothe, G Walter, EL Murray, RE Dunn, RO Doll, KM AF Moser, Bryan R. Knothe, Gerhard Walter, Erin L. Murray, Rex E. Dunn, Robert O. Doll, Kenneth M. TI Analysis and Properties of the Decarboxylation Products of Oleic Acid by Catalytic Triruthenium Dodecacarbonyl SO ENERGY & FUELS AB Recently, ruthenium-catalyzed isomerization decarboxylation of fatty adds to give alkene mixtures was reported. When the substrate was oleic acid, the reaction yielded a mixture consisting of heptadecene isomers. In this work, we report the compositional analysis of the mixture obtained by triruthenium dodecacarbonyl catalyzed decarboxylation of oleic acid. Surprisingly, the most prominent single compound identified was heptadecane at approximately 18 wt %. A mixture of heptadecene isomers constituted the greatest percentage of the product (>75%), where all positional isomers were confirmed by GC-MS analysis of dimethyl disulfide derivatives of the product. Besides these components, minor amounts of alkyl aromatics, each with a total of 17 carbons atoms, among them undecyl benzene, were observed. Minor amounts of other compounds, such as shorter-chain hydrocarbons and polyunsaturated C17 compounds, were also observed. A reaction pathway to explain the existence of these products is proposed. Heptadecenes first cyclize to the observed alkyl aromatics under liberation of hydrogen with the formed hydrogen, then in turn hydrogenating some heptadecenes to heptadecane. Thus, triruthenium dodecacarbonyl is suggested to also promote dehydrogenation, aromatization, and hydrogenation under the present conditions. Since the product mixture consisted mainly of long-chain hydrocarbons, its properties regarding diesel fuel application were studied and compared to biodiesel and petroleum diesel. The cetane number (86.9) was high, but oxidative stability (3.4 h; EN 15751) and cold flow (cloud point -1 degrees C) would require improvement to meet fuel specifications. All other fuel properties were within the limits prescribed in the petrodiesel standards. SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 30 IS 9 BP 7443 EP 7451 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01728 UT WOS:000383641000060 ER PT J AU Garcia-Gomez, H Izquieta-Rojano, S Aguillaume, L Gonzalez-Fernandez, I Valino, F Elustondo, D Santamaria, JM Avila, A Fenn, ME Alonso, R AF Garcia-Gomez, Hector Izquieta-Rojano, Sheila Aguillaume, Laura Gonzalez-Fernandez, Ignacio Valino, Fernando Elustondo, David Santamaria, Jesus M. Avila, Anna Fenn, Mark E. Alonso, Rocio TI Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen in Spanish forests of Quercus ilex measured with ion-exchange resins and conventional collectors SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AB Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is one of the main threats for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Measurement techniques like ion-exchange resin collectors (IECs), which are less expensive and time-consuming than conventional methods, are gaining relevance in the study of atmospheric deposition and are recommended to expand monitoring networks. In the present work, bulk and throughfall deposition of inorganic nitrogen were monitored in three different holm oak forests in Spain during two years. The results obtained with IECs were contrasted with a conventional technique using bottle collectors and with a literature review of similar studies. The performance of IECs in comparison with the conventional method was good for measuring bulk deposition of nitrate and acceptable for ammonium and total dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Mean annual bulk deposition of inorganic nitrogen ranged 3.09-5.43 kg N ha(-1) according to IEC methodology, and 2.42-6.83 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) using the conventional method. Intra-annual variability of the net throughfall deposition of nitrogen measured with the conventional method revealed the existence of input pulses of nitrogen into the forest soil after dry periods, presumably originated from the washing of dry deposition accumulated in the canopy. Important methodological recommendations on the IEC method and discussed, compiled and summarized. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Gonzalez Fernandez, Ignacio/Q-8214-2016; Alonso, Rocio/G-1383-2016; OI Alonso, Rocio/0000-0003-3732-9347; Avila, Anna/0000-0002-4137-0839; Garcia-Gomez, Hector/0000-0002-7951-9862; Izquieta Rojano, Sheila/0000-0003-3771-5889 SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 216 BP 653 EP 661 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.027 UT WOS:000383930500070 PM 27344084 ER PT J AU Morefield, PE LeDuc, SD Clark, CM Iovanna, R AF Morefield, Philip E. LeDuc, Stephen D. Clark, Christopher M. Iovanna, Richard TI Grasslands, wetlands, and agriculture: the fate of land expiring from the Conservation Reserve Program in the Midwestern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is the largest agricultural land-retirement program in the United States, providing many environmental benefits, including wildlife habitat and improved air, water, and soil quality. Since 2007, however, CRP area has declined by over 25% nationally with much of this land returning to agriculture. Despite this trend, it is unclear what types of CRP land are being converted, to what crops, and where. All of these specific factors greatly affect environmental impacts. To answer these questions, we quantified shifts in expiring CRP parcels to five major crop-types (corn, soy, winter and spring wheat, and sorghum) in a 12-state, Midwestern region of the United States using a US Department of Agriculture (USDA), field-level CRP database and USDA's Cropland Data Layer. For the years 2010 through 2013, we estimate almost 30%, or more than 530 000 ha, of expiring CRP land returned to the production of these five crops in our study area, with soy and corn accounting for the vast majority of these shifts. Grasslands were the largest type of CRP land converted (360 000 ha), followed by specifically designated wildlife habitat (76 000 ha), and wetland areas (53 000 ha). These wetland areas were not just wetlands themselves, but also a mix of land covers enhancing or protecting wetland ecosystem services (e.g., wetland buffers). Areas in the Dakotas, Nebraska, and southern Iowa were hotspots of change, with the highest areas of CRP land moving back to agriculture. By contrast, we estimate only a small amount (similar to 3%) of the expiring land shifted into similar, non-CRP land-retirement or easement programs. Reconciling needs for food, feed, fuel, and healthy ecosystems is an immense challenge for farmers, conservationists, and state and federal agencies. Reduced enrollment and the turnover of CRP land from conservation to agriculture raises questions about sustaining ecosystem services in this region. SN 1748-9326 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR 094005 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094005 UT WOS:000384060200001 ER PT J AU Ramage, JG Prentice, KW DePalma, L Venkateswaran, KS Chivukula, S Chapman, C Bell, M Datta, S Singh, A Hoffmaster, A Sarwar, J Parameswaran, N Joshi, M Thirunavkkarasu, N Krishnan, V Morse, S Avila, JR Sharma, S Estacio, PL Stanker, L Hodge, DR Pillai, SP AF Ramage, Jason G. Prentice, Kristin W. DePalma, Lindsay Venkateswaran, Kodumudi S. Chivukula, Sruti Chapman, Carol Bell, Melissa Datta, Shomik Singh, Ajay Hoffmaster, Alex Sarwar, Jawad Parameswaran, Nishanth Joshi, Mrinmayi Thirunavkkarasu, Nagarajan Krishnan, Viswanathan Morse, Stephen Avila, Julie R. Sharma, Shashi Estacio, Peter L. Stanker, Larry Hodge, David R. Pillai, Segaran P. TI Comprehensive Laboratory Evaluation of a Highly Specific Lateral Flow Assay for the Presumptive Identification of Bacillus anthracis Spores in Suspicious White Powders and Environmental Samples SO HEALTH SECURITY AB We conducted a comprehensive, multiphase laboratory evaluation of the Anthrax BioThreat Alert((R)) test strip, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) for the rapid detection of Bacillus anthracis spores. The study, conducted at 2 sites, evaluated this assay for the detection of spores from the Ames and Sterne strains of B. anthracis, as well as those from an additional 22 strains. Phylogenetic near neighbors, environmental background organisms, white powders, and environmental samples were also tested. The Anthrax LFA demonstrated a limit of detection of about 10(6) spores/mL (ca. 1.5x10(5) spores/assay). In this study, overall sensitivity of the LFA was 99.3%, and the specificity was 98.6%. The results indicated that the specificity, sensitivity, limit of detection, dynamic range, and repeatability of the assay support its use in the field for the purpose of qualitatively evaluating suspicious white powders and environmental samples for the presumptive presence of B. anthracis spores. SN 2326-5094 EI 2326-5108 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 14 IS 5 BP 351 EP 365 DI 10.1089/hs.2016.0041 UT WOS:000384541800008 PM 27661796 ER PT J AU Akbar, MA Cao, JJ Lu, YQ Nardo, D Chen, MJ Elshikha, AS Ahamed, R Brantly, M Holliday, LS Song, SH AF Akbar, Mohammad Ahsanul Cao, Jay J. Lu, Yuanqing Nardo, David Chen, Mong-Jen Elshikha, Ahmed S. Ahamed, Rubina Brantly, Mark Holliday, L. Shannon Song, Sihong TI Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Gene Therapy Ameliorates Bone Loss in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis Mouse Model SO HUMAN GENE THERAPY AB Osteoporosis is a major healthcare burden affecting mostly postmenopausal women characterized by compromised bone strength and increased risk of fragility fracture. Although pathogenesis of this disease is complex, elevated proinflammatory cytokine production is clearly involved in bone loss at menopause. Therefore, anti-inflammatory strategies hold a great potential for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of gene therapy of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated human alpha-1 antitrypsin (hAAT), a multifunctional protein that has anti-inflammatory property, on bone loss in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis mouse model. Adult ovariectomized (OVX) mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with hAAT (protein therapy), rAAV8-CB-hAAT (gene therapy), or phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Age-matched and sham-operated animals were used as controls. Eight weeks after the treatment, animals were sacrificed and bone-related biomarkers and vertebral bone structure were evaluated. Results showed that hAAT gene therapy significantly decreased serum IL-6 level and receptor activator of NF-kappa B (RANK) gene expression in bone. Importantly, hAAT gene therapy increased bone volume/total volume and decreased structure model index (SMI) compared to PBS injection in OVX mice. These results demonstrate that hAAT gene therapy by rAAV vector efficiently mitigates bone loss possibly through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and RANK gene expression. Considering the safety profile of hAAT and rAAV vector in humans, our results provide a new alternative for the treatment of osteoporosis. SN 1043-0342 EI 1557-7422 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 27 IS 9 BP 679 EP 686 DI 10.1089/hum.2016.029 UT WOS:000383970300004 PM 27158796 ER PT J AU Markel, E Stodghill, P Bao, ZM Myers, CR Swingle, B AF Markel, Eric Stodghill, Paul Bao, Zhongmeng Myers, Christopher R. Swingle, Bryan TI AlgU Controls Expression of Virulence Genes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY AB Plant-pathogenic bacteria are able to integrate information about their environment and adjust gene expression to provide adaptive functions. AlgU, an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor encoded by Pseudomonas syringae, controls expression of genes for alginate biosynthesis and genes involved with resisting osmotic and oxidative stress. AlgU is active while these bacteria are associated with plants, where its presence supports bacterial growth and disease symptoms. We found that AlgU is an important virulence factor for P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but that alginate production is dispensable for disease in host plants. This implies that AlgU regulates additional genes that facilitate bacterial pathogenesis. We used transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to characterize the AlgU regulon and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify AlgU-regulated promoters associated with genes directly controlled by this sigma factor. We found that in addition to genes involved with alginate and osmotic and oxidative stress responses, AlgU regulates genes with known virulence functions, including components of the Hrp type III secretion system, virulence effectors, and the hrpL and hrpRS transcription regulators. These data suggest that P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 has adapted to use signals that activate AlgU to induce expression of important virulence functions that facilitate survival and disease in plants. IMPORTANCE Plant immune systems produce antimicrobial and bacteriostatic conditions in response to bacterial infection. Plant-pathogenic bacteria are adapted to suppress and/or tolerate these conditions; however, the mechanisms controlling these bacterial systems are largely uncharacterized. The work presented here provides a mechanistic explanation for how P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 coordinates expression of multiple genetic systems, including those dedicated to pathogenicity, in response to environmental conditions. This work demonstrates the scope of AlgU regulation in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and characterizes the promoter sequence regulated by AlgU in these bacteria. SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 198 IS 17 BP 2330 EP 2344 DI 10.1128/JB.00276-16 UT WOS:000384335700007 PM 27325679 ER PT J AU Dalling, JW Heineman, K Gonzalez, G Ostertag, R AF Dalling, James W. Heineman, Katherine Gonzalez, Grizelle Ostertag, Rebecca TI Geographic, environmental and biotic sources of variation in the nutrient relations of tropical montane forests SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY AB Tropical montane forests (TMF) are associated with a widely observed suite of characteristics encompassing forest structure, plant traits and biogeochemistry. With respect to nutrient relations, montane forests are characterized by slow decomposition of organic matter, high investment in below-ground biomass and poor litter quality, relative to tropical lowland forests. However, within TMF there is considerable variation in substrate age, parent material, disturbance and species composition. Here we emphasize that many TMFs are likely to be co-limited by multiple nutrients, and that feedback among soil properties, species traits, microbial communities and environmental conditions drive forest productivity and soil carbon storage. To date, studies of the biogeochemistry of montane forests have been restricted to a few, mostly neotropical, sites and focused mainly on trees while ignoring mycorrhizas, epiphytes and microbial community structure. Incorporating the geographic, environmental and biotic variability in TMF will lead to a greater recognition of plant-soil feedbacks that are critical to understanding constraints on productivity, both under present conditions and under future climate, nitrogen-deposition and land-use scenarios. OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 SN 0266-4674 EI 1469-7831 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 32 BP 368 EP 383 DI 10.1017/S0266467415000619 PN 5 UT WOS:000384236900003 ER PT J AU Raatz, SK Johnson, LK Rosenberger, TA Picklo, MJ AF Raatz, Susan K. Johnson, LuAnn K. Rosenberger, Thad A. Picklo, Matthew J. TI Twice weekly intake of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) positively influences lipoprotein concentration and particle size in overweight men and women SO NUTRITION RESEARCH AB The US Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend twice weekly fish intake. Farmed Atlantic salmon is a good source of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids which have positive lipid modifying effects; however, it is unknown whether these responses are dose-dependent. Our primary research objective was to determine the effect of dose-dependent intake of farmed Atlantic salmon on lipoprotein particle (P) size and concentration. We hypothesized that low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-P and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-P size and concentration would increase with salmon intake in a dose-dependent manner. Overweight, adult participants (n = 19) were enrolled in a cross-over designed clinical trial evaluating intake of farmed Atlantic salmon. In random order, participants were assigned to 90, 180, or 270 g of salmon twice weekly for 4-week dietary treatments. Following a 4- to 8-week washout, participants crossed over to another dose of fish intake until all treatments were completed. Plasma lipid concentrations were determined and serum lipoprotein concentrations and particle size were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Intake of salmon reduced plasma and serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations and increased plasma HDL-C concentrations. The concentrations of large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) P and chylomicron (CM) P were reduced. Large LDL-P concentrations were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The mean size of VLDL-P was reduced and that of LDL was increased. Total TG was reduced as was the TG content of VLDL-P and CM -P. Twice weekly intake of farmed Atlantic salmon portions influences lipoprotein particle size and concentration in a manner associated with cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 0271-5317 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 36 IS 9 BP 899 EP 906 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.011 UT WOS:000383924000002 PM 27632909 ER PT J AU Chung, H Wu, D Smith, D Meydani, SN Han, SN AF Chung, Hak Wu, Dayong Smith, Donald Meydani, Simin Nikbin Han, Sung Nim TI Lower hepatic iron storage associated with obesity in mice can be restored by decreasing body fat mass through feeding a low-fat diet SO NUTRITION RESEARCH AB High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity has been reported to result in low hepatic iron storage. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that these obesity-related changes in hepatic iron status could be reversed by decreasing adiposity by feeding a low-fat diet. Five-week-old C57BL/6 mice were assigned to 3 groups: the LL group was fed a control diet for 31 weeks, the HH group was fed a HFD for 31 weeks, and the HL group was fed the HFD for 15 weeks and then switched to the control diet for 16 weeks. The fat mass of the HL group decreased by 3.2 g from the 14th to the 30th weeks. Fat mass was significantly different among the groups (11.4, 15.8, and 37.5 gin the LL, HH, and HL groups, respectively; P<.001). The liver iron concentration of the HL group was similar to that of the LL group, which was about 30% higher than that of the HH group (74.2, 72.7, and 55.7 mu g in the LL, HL, and HH groups, respectively; P<.05). Duodenal cytochrome b messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were higher in the HL group than in the HH group. Although bone morphogenetic protein 6 (Bmp6) mRNA levels showed no significant differences in the liver, duodenal Bmp6 mRNA levels were significantly lower in the HH group compared with the LL and HL groups. Liver Smad1/5 proteins were differentially activated: the HH group had significantly less phosphorylated Smads than did the LL and HL groups. Our data demonstrate that hepatic iron storage levels are closely related to body adiposity, and reducing body fat mass through feeding a lower-fat diet to HFD-induced obese mice restores liver iron storage. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 0271-5317 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 36 IS 9 BP 955 EP 963 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.003 UT WOS:000383924000008 PM 27632915 ER PT J AU Hochberg, U Albuquerque, C Rachmilevitch, S Cochard, H David-Schwartz, R Brodersen, CR McElrone, A Windt, CW AF Hochberg, Uri Albuquerque, Caetano Rachmilevitch, Shimon Cochard, Herve David-Schwartz, Rakefet Brodersen, Craig R. McElrone, Andrew Windt, Carel W. TI Grapevine petioles are more sensitive to drought induced embolism than stems: evidence from in vivo MRI and microcomputed tomography observations of hydraulic vulnerability segmentation SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT AB The hydraulic vulnerability segmentation' hypothesis predicts that expendable distal organs are more susceptible to water stress-induced embolism than the main stem of the plant. In the current work, we present the first in vivo visualization of this phenomenon. In two separate experiments, using magnetic resonance imaging or synchrotron-based microcomputed tomography, grapevines (Vitis vinifera) were dehydrated while simultaneously scanning the main stems and petioles for the occurrence of emboli at different xylem pressures ((x)). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that 50% of the conductive xylem area of the petioles was embolized at a (x) of -1.54MPa, whereas the stems did not reach similar losses until -1.9MPa. Microcomputed tomography confirmed these findings, showing that approximately half the vessels in the petioles were embolized at a (x) of -1.6MPa, whereas only few were embolized in the stems. Petioles were shown to be more resistant to water stress-induced embolism than previously measured with invasive hydraulic methods. The results provide the first direct evidence for the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis and highlight its importance in grapevine responses to severe water stress. Additionally, these data suggest that air entry through the petiole into the stem is unlikely in grapevines during drought. In this work we examined the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis which predicts that expendable distal organs are more susceptible to water-stress induced cavitation than the main stem of the plant. We explored the differences in embolism formation of intact petioles and stems of grapevines by means of MRI and microCT. The paper presents the first direct evidence and the first imaging of hydraulic vulnerability segmentation in living plants and highlight its importance in grapevine responses to severe water stress. RI Brodersen, Craig/J-1112-2016; Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015 OI Brodersen, Craig/0000-0002-0924-2570; Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072 SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1886 EP 1894 DI 10.1111/pce.12688 UT WOS:000382981100003 PM 26648337 ER PT J AU Joo, E Hussain, MZ Zeri, M Masters, MD Miller, JN Gomez-Casanovas, N DeLucia, EH Bernacchi, CJ AF Joo, Eva Hussain, Mir Zaman Zeri, Marcelo Masters, Michael D. Miller, Jesse N. Gomez-Casanovas, Nuria DeLucia, Evan H. Bernacchi, Carl J. TI The influence of drought and heat stress on long-term carbon fluxes of bioenergy crops grown in the Midwestern USA SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT AB Perennial grasses are promising feedstocks for bioenergy production in the Midwestern USA. Few experiments have addressed how drought influences their carbon fluxes and storage. This study provides a direct comparison of ecosystem-scale measurements of carbon fluxes associated with miscanthus (Miscanthusxgiganteus), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), restored native prairie and maize (Zea mays)/soybean (Glycine max) ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to assess the influence of a naturally occurring drought during 2012 on key components of the carbon cycle and plant development relative to non-extreme years. The perennials reached full maturity 3-5years after establishment. Miscanthus had the highest gross primary production (GPP) and lowest net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in 2012 followed by similar values for switchgrass and prairie, and the row crops had the lowest GPP and highest NEE. A post-drought effect was observed for miscanthus. Over the duration of the experiment, perennial ecosystems were carbon sinks, as indicated by negative net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB), while maize/soybean was a net carbon source. Our observations suggest that perennial ecosystems, and in particular miscanthus, can provide a high yield and a large potential for CO2 fixation even during drought, although drought may negatively influence carbon uptake in the following year, questioning the long-term consequence of its maintained productivity. Perennial grasses have been identified as being, in many ways, ideal feedstocks for bioenergy production. Yet side-by-side comparisons of key carbon fluxes and pools, particularly in response to climate extremes, for perennial grasses compared with the traditional row crops that they replace are needed. This research represents a long-term eddy covariance experiment, encompassing a severe drought, where three perennial ecosystems are compared with traditional row crops. The results show that perennial ecosystems are more resilient to drought than row crops in terms of both carbon uptake and storage and that a post-drought effect may be more likely in a perennial relative to annual ecosystem. SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1928 EP 1940 DI 10.1111/pce.12751 UT WOS:000382981100007 PM 27043723 ER PT J AU Sack, L Ball, MC Brodersen, C Davis, SD Des Marais, DL Donovan, LA Givnish, TJ Hacke, UG Huxman, T Jansen, S Jacobsen, AL Johnson, DM Koch, GW Maurel, C McCulloh, KA McDowell, NG McElrone, A Meinzer, FC Melcher, PJ North, G Pellegrini, M Pockman, WT Pratt, RB Sala, A Santiago, LS Savage, JA Scoffoni, C Sevanto, S Sperry, J Tyerman, SD Way, D Holbrook, NM AF Sack, Lawren Ball, Marilyn C. Brodersen, Craig Davis, Stephen D. Des Marais, David L. Donovan, Lisa A. Givnish, Thomas J. Hacke, Uwe G. Huxman, Travis Jansen, Steven Jacobsen, Anna L. Johnson, Daniel M. Koch, George W. Maurel, Christophe McCulloh, Katherine A. McDowell, Nate G. McElrone, Andrew Meinzer, Frederick C. Melcher, Peter J. North, Gretchen Pellegrini, Matteo Pockman, William T. Pratt, R. Brandon Sala, Anna Santiago, Louis S. Savage, Jessica A. Scoffoni, Christine Sevanto, Sanna Sperry, John Tyerman, Stephen D. Way, Danielle Holbrook, N. Michele TI Plant hydraulics as a central hub integrating plant and ecosystem function: meeting report for 'Emerging Frontiers in Plant Hydraulics' (Washington, DC, May 2015) SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT AB Water plays a central role in plant biology and the efficiency of water transport throughout the plant affects both photosynthetic rate and growth, an influence that scales up deterministically to the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, hydraulic traits mediate the ways in which plants interact with their abiotic and biotic environment. At landscape to global scale, plant hydraulic traits are important in describing the function of ecological communities and ecosystems. Plant hydraulics is increasingly recognized as a central hub within a network by which plant biology is connected to palaeobiology, agronomy, climatology, forestry, community and ecosystem ecology and earth-system science. Such grand challenges as anticipating and mitigating the impacts of climate change, and improving the security and sustainability of our food supply rely on our fundamental knowledge of how water behaves in the cells, tissues, organs, bodies and diverse communities of plants. A workshop, Emerging Frontiers in Plant Hydraulics' supported by the National Science Foundation, was held in Washington DC, 2015 to promote open discussion of new ideas, controversies regarding measurements and analyses, and especially, the potential for expansion of up-scaled and down-scaled inter-disciplinary research, and the strengthening of connections between plant hydraulic research, allied fields and global modelling efforts. Plant hydraulics is increasingly recognized as a central hub relating fields within plant biology, ecology, evolution, palaeobiology and agriculture, essential to grand challenges such as anticipating and mitigating the impacts of climate change, and improving the security and sustainability of our food supply. A workshop entitled Emerging Frontiers in Plant Hydraulics' supported by the National Science Foundation, was held in Washington DC, 2015. We summarize the discussions, including controversies regarding measurements and analyses, the emerging frontiers of up-scaled and down-scaled inter-disciplinary research, and the strengthening of connections between research in plant hydraulics, that in allied fields and global modelling efforts. RI Pockman, William/D-4086-2014; Jansen, Steven/A-9868-2012; Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011; Sack, Lawren/A-5492-2008 OI Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457; Jansen, Steven/0000-0002-4476-5334; Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147; Sack, Lawren/0000-0002-7009-7202 SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2085 EP 2094 DI 10.1111/pce.12732 UT WOS:000382981100019 PM 27037757 ER PT J AU Haron, MH Tyler, HL Pugh, ND Moraes, RM Maddox, VL Jackson, CR Pasco, DS AF Haron, Mona H. Tyler, Heather L. Pugh, Nirmal D. Moraes, Rita M. Maddox, Victor L. Jackson, Colin R. Pasco, David S. TI Activities and Prevalence of Proteobacteria Members Colonizing Echinacea purpurea Fully Account for Macrophage Activation Exhibited by Extracts of This Botanical SO PLANTA MEDICA AB Evidence supports the theory that bacterial communities colonizing Echinacea purpurea contribute to the innate immune enhancing activity of this botanical. Previously, we reported that only about half of the variation in in vitro monocyte stimulating activity exhibited by E. purpurea extracts could be accounted for by total bacterial load within the plant material. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that the type of bacteria, in addition to bacterial load, is necessary to fully account for extract activity. Bacterial community composition within commercial and freshly harvested (wild and cultivated) E. purpurea aerial samples was determined using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Bacterial isolates representing 38 different taxa identified to be present within E. purpurea were acquired, and the activity exhibited by the extracts of these isolates varied by over 8000-fold. Members of the Proteobacteria exhibited the highest potency for in vitro macrophage activation and were the most predominant taxa. Furthermore, the mean activity exhibited by the Echinacea extracts could be solely accounted for by the activities and prevalence of Proteobacteria members comprising the plant-associated bacterial community. The efficacy of E. purpurea material for use against respiratory infections may be determined by the Proteobacterial community composition of this plant, since ingestion of bacteria (probiotics) is reported to have a protective effect against this health condition. SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 82 IS 14 BP 1258 EP 1265 DI 10.1055/s-0042-108590 UT WOS:000384451300005 PM 27286330 ER PT J AU Dysthe, JC Carim, KJ Paroz, YM McKelvey, KS Young, MK Schwartz, MK AF Dysthe, Joseph C. Carim, Kellie J. Paroz, Yvette M. McKelvey, Kevin S. Young, Michael K. Schwartz, Michael K. TI Quantitative PCR Assays for Detecting Loach Minnow (Rhinichthys cobitis) and Spikedace (Meda fulgida) in the Southwestern United States SO PLOS ONE AB Loach minnow (Rhinichthys cobitis) and spikedace (Meda fulgida) are legally protected with the status of Endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and are endemic to the Gila River basin of Arizona and New Mexico. Efficient and sensitive methods for monitoring these species' distributions are critical for prioritizing conservation efforts. We developed quantitative PCR assays for detecting loach minnow and spikedace DNA in environmental samples. Each assay reliably detected low concentrations of target DNA without detection of non-target species, including other cyprinid fishes with which they co-occur. OI Dysthe, Joseph/0000-0002-6790-7841 SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0162200 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162200 UT WOS:000382855600119 PM 27583576 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Xu, JQ Feng, GF Wiggans, GR Taylor, JF He, J Qian, CS Qiu, JS Simpson, B Walker, J Bauck, S AF Wu, Xiao-Lin Xu, Jiaqi Feng, Guofei Wiggans, George R. Taylor, Jeremy F. He, Jun Qian, Changsong Qiu, Jiansheng Simpson, Barry Walker, Jeremy Bauck, Stewart TI Optimal Design of Low-Density SNP Arrays for Genomic Prediction: Algorithm and Applications SO PLOS ONE AB Low-density (LD) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays provide a cost-effective solution for genomic prediction and selection, but algorithms and computational tools are needed for the optimal design of LD SNP chips. A multiple-objective, local optimization (MOLO) algorithm was developed for design of optimal LD SNP chips that can be imputed accurately to medium-density (MD) or high-density (HD) SNP genotypes for genomic prediction. The objective function facilitates maximization of non-gap map length and system information for the SNP chip, and the latter is computed either as locus-averaged (LASE) or haplotype-averaged Shannon entropy (HASE) and adjusted for uniformity of the SNP distribution. HASE performed better than LASE with <= 1,000 SNPs, but required considerably more computing time. Nevertheless, the differences diminished when >5,000 SNPs were selected. Optimization was accomplished conditionally on the presence of SNPs that were obligated to each chromosome. The frame location of SNPs on a chip can be either uniform (evenly spaced) or non-uniform. For the latter design, a tunable empirical Beta distribution was used to guide location distribution of frame SNPs such that both ends of each chromosome were enriched with SNPs. The SNP distribution on each chromosome was finalized through the objective function that was locally and empirically maximized. This MOLO algorithm was capable of selecting a set of approximately evenly-spaced and highly-informative SNPs, which in turn led to increased imputation accuracy compared with selection solely of evenly-spaced SNPs. Imputation accuracy increased with LD chip size, and imputation error rate was extremely low for chips with >= 3,000 SNPs. Assuming that genotyping or imputation error occurs at random, imputation error rate can be viewed as the upper limit for genomic prediction error. Our results show that about 25% of imputation error rate was propagated to genomic prediction in an Angus population. The utility of this MOLO algorithm was also demonstrated in a real application, in which a 6K SNP panel was optimized SN 1932-6203 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0161719 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0161719 UT WOS:000382855600052 PM 27583971 ER PT J AU Fanatico, AC Mench, JA Archer, GS Liang, Y Gunsaulis, VBB Owens, CM Donoghue, AM AF Fanatico, A. C. Mench, J. A. Archer, G. S. Liang, Y. Gunsaulis, V. B. Brewer Owens, C. M. Donoghue, A. M. TI Effect of outdoor structural enrichments on the performance, use of range area, and behavior of organic meat chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE AB Chickens provided with outdoor access often do not fully use the range area. Natural cover, such as trees, can provide shelter and increase range use, but may not be practical for use in all free-range operations. A study was conducted to determine whether constructed enrichments that simulate natural structures increase range use and impact behavior of meat chickens. Slow-growing Delaware chickens were raised in floor pens (17 birds/pen) in a naturally ventilated house, with a pophole in each pen that allowed daily access to a vegetation-covered outdoor area. Feed and water were provided inside and outside. Birds were randomly assigned to one of 2 treatments: no range enrichment (control; NON) or range enrichment (ENR), which had roosts made of plastic pipe or screened shelters placed 7.6 m and 22.9 m from the house and overhead shade panels at 15.2 m. There were 4 replications. The numbers of birds inside and in the 4 quadrants of the range were counted in 7-min intervals 3 times daily (0900 h, 1300 h, and 1600 h) for 3 consecutive d when the birds were 7 and 10 wk of age; the numbers of birds performing various behaviors also were counted. On average, only 12.9% of birds used the range at any given time. The behavior of the birds was strongly affected by location (inside vs. outside), with birds mainly foraging and walking while outside and feeding, standing, and sitting while inside. Time of d impacted the number of birds that ranged (currency sign 0.0001), with fewest birds outside during mid-day. Overall, birds using the range were most often (71%) observed in the quadrant nearest the house (zero to 7.6 m). However, in the ENR treatment, more birds (13%; currency sign 0.0001) were observed in the farthest 2 quadrants (15.2 to 30.5 m from the house) than in the NON treatment (6%). This indicates that adding constructed enrichments to the range encouraged meat chickens to use it more fully. SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1980 EP 1988 DI 10.3382/ps/pew196 UT WOS:000384227100002 PM 27339298 ER PT J AU Miller, JR Bestelmeyer, BT AF Miller, James R. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. TI What's wrong with novel ecosystems, really? SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY AB The novel ecosystems concept has gained much traction in the restoration community. It has also drawn the ire of several prominent ecologists and is the focus of an ongoing debate. We consider three key aspects of this debate: irreversible thresholds, non-native species, and the hybrid state. Irreversible thresholds have been acknowledged in restoration for years, but predicting when a threshold will be crossed and the degree of reversibility is problematic. Oftentimes reversibility is a function of multiple factors, such as cost and public support. In this sense, a novel ecosystem is not an alternate state but a decision. The need for pragmatism regarding control of non-natives has also long been recognized in restoration circles. Proponents of the novel ecosystem idea adopt this pragmatism by recommending that management decisions be based on impacts conferred by species in altered ecosystems, regardless of their origin. The concept of a hybrid state has proven difficult to operationalize. We suggest that rather than trying to identify the boundary between hybrid and novel states, ecosystems exist on a gradient of alteration. We offer a decision tree for restoration action that integrates aspects of novel ecosystems with other perspectives in modern restoration ecology. We conclude that the idea of novel ecosystems, though not perfect, deserves a place under the big tent of restoration that includes efforts to return fully to a reference state, as well as strategies for reinstating lost ecological processes and enhancing ecosystem services in transformed landscapes where such a return is deemed infeasible. SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X PD SEP PY 2016 VL 24 IS 5 BP 577 EP 582 DI 10.1111/rec.12378 UT WOS:000384009200003 ER PT J AU Al-Chokhachy, R Black, TA Thomas, C Luce, CH Rieman, B Cissel, R Carlson, A Hendrickson, S Archer, EK Kershner, JL AF Al-Chokhachy, Robert Black, Tom A. Thomas, Cameron Luce, Charles H. Rieman, Bruce Cissel, Richard Carlson, Anne Hendrickson, Shane Archer, Eric K. Kershner, Jeff L. TI Linkages between unpaved forest roads and streambed sediment: why context matters in directing road restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY AB Unpaved forest roads remain a pervasive disturbance on public lands and mitigating sediment from road networks remains a priority for management agencies. Restoring roaded landscapes is becoming increasingly important for many native coldwater fishes that disproportionately rely on public lands for persistence. However, effectively targeting restoration opportunities requires a comprehensive understanding of the effects of roads across different ecosystems. Here, we combine a review and a field study to evaluate the status of knowledge supporting the conceptual framework linking unpaved forest roads with streambed sediment. Through our review, we specifically focused on those studies linking measures of the density of forest roads or sediment delivery with empirical streambed sediment measures. Our field study provides an example of a targeted effort of linking spatially explicit estimates of sediment production with measures of streambed sediment. Surprisingly, our review uncovered few studies (n = 8) that empirically tested the conceptual framework linking unpaved forest roads and streambed sediment, and the results varied considerably. Field results generally supported the conceptual model that unpaved forest roads can control streambed sediment quality, but demonstrated high-spatial variability in the effects of forest roads on streambed sediment and the need to address hotspots of sediment sources. The importance of context in the effects of forest roads is apparent in both our review and field data, suggesting the need for in situ studies to avoid misdirected restoration actions. RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X PD SEP PY 2016 VL 24 IS 5 BP 589 EP 598 DI 10.1111/rec.12365 UT WOS:000384009200005 ER PT J AU Goolsby, JA Guerrero, FD Gaskin, J Bendele, KG Azhahianambi, P Amalin, D Flores-Cruz, M Kashefi, J Smith, L Racelis, A Saini, RK de Leon, AP AF Goolsby, J. A. Guerrero, F. D. Gaskin, J. Bendele, K. G. Azhahianambi, P. Amalin, D. Flores-Cruz, M. Kashefi, J. Smith, L. Racelis, A. Saini, R. K. de Leon, A. Perez TI Molecular Comparison of Cattle Fever Ticks from Native and Introduced Ranges, with Insights into Optimal Search Areas for Classical Biological Control Agents SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST AB Cattle fever ticks, the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini), and cattle tick, Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say), are livestock pests endemic to Mexico and invasive along the Texas-Mexico border. Resistance to acaricide, alternate wildlife hosts, and pathogenic landscape-forming weeds present challenges for sustainable eradication of this pest in the U.S. Classical biological control is being explored as a strategy to control cattle fever ticks, especially on alternate hosts such as nilgai antelope, Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas), and white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann). Molecular genetic tools were used to compare populations of cattle fever ticks from native and introduced ranges to provide insights into optimal search areas for potential biological control agents. Accessions representative of invasive populations of southern cattle tick from subtropical Zapata, TX, and other parts of the invaded range including Brazil and Kenya matched most closely populations in Cambodia and the Philippines. Similarly, accessions of cattle tick from invaded range in Del Rio, TX matched closely with accessions from native range in Bulgaria and Romania. These regions should be prioritized for field exploration for biological control agents. SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 41 IS 3 BP 595 EP 603 UT WOS:000384291700001 ER PT J AU Cui, JX Li, SJ Spurgeon, DW Jia, WY Lu, YJ Gouge, DH AF Cui, Jianxin Li, Shujuan Spurgeon, Dale W. Jia, Wenying Lu, Yujie Gouge, Dawn H. TI Flight Capacity of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky in Relation to Gender and Temperature SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST AB The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, is a major insect pest of stored grain worldwide. We evaluated flight of maize weevils by using a 26-channel computer- monitored flight-mill system to estimate total flight distance, total flight duration, and mean flight velocity at different temperatures. Temperature but not gender influenced propensity of maize weevils to fly. Flight distances and durations varied, but warm temperatures (34 degrees C) diminished the ability of female maize weevils to fly. Despite apparent temperature-based patterns in flight parameters of males, effects of temperature on male flight ability were not statistically demonstrated. The effect of temperature on flight velocity was similar for both genders and indicated greater flight velocity at 28 degrees C than at 22 or 31 degrees C. Knowledge of differences in flight capacity between genders and among temperatures provides insights to consider for management of this major insect pest of stored grain. SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 41 IS 3 BP 667 EP 674 UT WOS:000384291700008 ER PT J AU Way, MO Vyavhare, SS Mock, C Mock, W Metz, K McKamey, SH Porter, P AF Way, Michael O. Vyavhare, Suhas S. Mock, Cliff Mock, Wade Metz, Kira McKamey, Stuart H. Porter, Patrick TI Outbreak of Tagosodes orizicolus (Muir) in Texas Rice SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 41 IS 3 BP 871 EP 873 UT WOS:000384291700028 ER PT J AU Lu, YZ Li, R Lu, RF AF Lu, Yuzhen Li, Richard Lu, Renfu TI Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization for retrieval of amplitude images under sinusoidal patterns of illumination SO APPLIED OPTICS AB Structured illumination using sinusoidal patterns has been used for optical imaging of biological tissues in biomedical research, and of horticultural products in food quality evaluation. Implementation of structured-illumination imaging relies on retrieval of amplitude images, which is conventionally achieved by a phase-shifting technique that requires collecting a minimum of three phase-shifted images. In this study, we have proposed Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization (GSO) to retrieve amplitude component (AC) images using only two phase-shifted images. We have proposed two forms of GSO implementation, and prior to GSO processing, we eliminated the direct component (DC) background by subtracting a DC image we recovered using a spiral phase function (SPF) in the Fourier space. We demonstrated the GSO methods through numerical simulations and application examples of detection of bruise defects in apples by structured-illumination reflectance imaging (SIRI). GSO performed comparably to conventional three-phase-based demodulation. It is simple, fast and effective for amplitude retrieval and requires no prior phase information, which could facilitate fast implementation of structured-illumination imaging. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 55 IS 25 BP 6866 EP 6873 DI 10.1364/AO.55.006866 UT WOS:000383994600013 PM 27607260 ER PT J AU Torremorell, M Alonso, C Davies, PR Raynor, PC Patnayak, D Torchetti, M McCluskey, B AF Torremorell, Montserrat Alonso, Carmen Davies, Peter R. Raynor, Peter C. Patnayak, Devi Torchetti, Mia McCluskey, Brian TI Investigation into the Airborne Dissemination of H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus During the 2015 Spring Outbreaks in the Midwestern United States SO AVIAN DISEASES AB We investigated the plausibility of aerosol transmission of H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus during the 2015 spring outbreaks that occurred in the U.S. midwest. Air samples were collected inside and outside of infected turkey and layer facilities. Samples were tested to assess HPAI virus concentration (RNA copies/m(3) of air), virus viability, and virus distribution by particle size. HPAI virus RNA was detected inside and up to 1000 m from infected facilities. HPAI virus was isolated from air samples collected inside, immediately outside, up to 70 m from infected facilities, and in aerosol particles larger than 2.1 mu m. Direct exposure to exhausted aerosols proved to be a significant source of environmental contamination. These findings demonstrate HPAI virus aerosolization from infected flocks, and that both the transport of infectious aerosolized particles and the deposition of particles on surfaces around infected premises represent a potential risk for the spread of HPAI. SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 60 IS 3 BP 637 EP 643 UT WOS:000383805800011 PM 27610723 ER PT J AU Stoute, S Chin, R Crossley, B Senties-Cue, CG Bickford, A Pantin-Jackwood, M Breitmeyer, R Jones, A Carnaccini, S Shivaprasad, HL AF Stoute, Simone Chin, Richard Crossley, Beate Senties-Cue, C. Gabriel Bickford, Arthur Pantin-Jackwood, Mary Breitmeyer, Richard Jones, Annette Carnaccini, Silvia Shivaprasad, H. L. TI Highly Pathogenic Eurasian H5N8 Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Two Commercial Poultry Flocks in California SO AVIAN DISEASES AB In January 2015, a highly pathogenic Eurasian lineage H5N8 avian influenza (AI) virus (AIV) was detected in a commercial meat turkey flock in Stanislaus County, CA. Approximately 3 wk later, a similar case was diagnosed in commercial brown layers from a different company located in Kings County, CA. Five 14-wk-old turkey hens were submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS), Turlock, and eleven 12-wk-old chickens were submitted to CAHFS, Tulare laboratory due to an acute increase in flock mortality. Gross lesions included enlarged and mottled pale spleens and pancreas in turkeys and chickens. Histologically, the major lesions observed in turkeys and chickens were splenitis, pancreatitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia. In both cases, diagnosis was based on real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RRT-PCR), sequencing, and virus isolation from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. Confirmatory diagnosis and AIV characterization was done at the National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Ames, IA. The sequence of the AIV from both cases was 99% identical to an H5N8 AI virus (A/gyrfalcon/Washington/41088-6/2014) isolated from a captive gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) from Washington State in December 2014. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed on various tissues from both cases indicated a widespread AIV tissue distribution. Except for minor variations, the tissue distribution of the AI antigen was similar in the chickens and turkeys. There was positive IHC staining in the brain, spleen, pancreas, larynx, trachea, and lungs in both chickens and turkeys. Hearts, ovaries, and air sacs from the turkeys were also positive for the AI antigen. The liver sections from the chickens had occasional AI-positive staining in mononuclear cells, but the IHC on liver sections from the turkeys were negative. The bursa of Fabricius, small intestine, kidney, and skeletal muscle sections were negative for the AI antigen in both chickens and turkeys. SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 60 IS 3 BP 688 EP 693 UT WOS:000383805800020 PM 27610732 ER PT J AU Hanson, PJ Gill, AL Xu, X Phillips, JR Weston, DJ Kolka, RK Riggs, JS Hook, LA AF Hanson, P. J. Gill, A. L. Xu, X. Phillips, J. R. Weston, D. J. Kolka, R. K. Riggs, J. S. Hook, L. A. TI Intermediate-scale community-level flux of CO2 and CH4 in a Minnesota peatland: putting the SPRUCE project in a global context SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AB Peatland measurements of CO2 and CH4 flux were obtained at scales appropriate to the in situ biological community below the tree layer to demonstrate representativeness of the spruce and peatland responses under climatic and environmental change (SPRUCE) experiment. Surface flux measurements were made using dual open-path analyzers over an area of 1.13 m(2) in daylight and dark conditions along with associated peat temperatures, water table height, hummock moisture, atmospheric pressure and incident radiation data. Observations from August 2011 through December 2014 demonstrated seasonal trends correlated with temperature as the dominant apparent driving variable. The S1-Bog for the SPRUCE study was found to be representative of temperate peatlands in terms of CO2 and CH4 flux. Maximum net CO2 flux in midsummer showed similar rates of C uptake and loss: daytime surface uptake was -5 to -6 A mu mol m(-2) s(-1) and dark period loss rates were 4-5 A mu mol m(-2) s(-1) (positive values are carbon lost to the atmosphere). Maximum midsummer CH4-C flux ranged from 0.4 to 0.5 A mu mol m(-2) s(-1) and was a factor of 10 lower than dark CO2-C efflux rates. Midwinter conditions produced near-zero flux for both CO2 and CH4 with frozen surfaces. Integrating temperature-dependent models across annual periods showed dark CO2-C and CH4-C flux to be 894 +/- 34 and 16 +/- 2 gC m(-2) y(-1), respectively. Net ecosystem exchange of carbon from the shrub-forb-Sphagnum-microbial community (excluding tree contributions) ranged from -3.1 gCO(2)-C m(-2) y(-1) in 2013, to C losses from 21 to 65 gCO(2)-C m(-2) y(-1) for the other years. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Xu, Xiaofeng/B-2391-2008 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Xu, Xiaofeng/0000-0002-6553-6514 SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X PD SEP PY 2016 VL 129 IS 3 BP 255 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10533-016-0230-8 UT WOS:000383104700001 ER PT J AU Kirch, R Reaman, G Feudtner, C Wiener, L Schwartz, LA Sung, L Wolfe, J AF Kirch, Rebecca Reaman, Gregory Feudtner, Chris Wiener, Lori Schwartz, Lisa A. Sung, Lillian Wolfe, Joanne TI Advancing a comprehensive cancer care agenda for children and their families: Institute of Medicine Workshop highlights and next steps SO CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS AB This article highlights key findings from the Comprehensive Cancer Care for Children and Their Families March 2015 joint workshop by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the American Cancer Society. This initiative convened more than 100 family members, clinician investigators, advocates, and members of the public to discuss emerging evidence and care models and to determine the next steps for optimizing quality-of-life outcomes and well-being for children and families during pediatric cancer treatment, after treatment completion, and across the life spectrum. Participants affirmed the triple aim of pediatric oncology that strives for every child with cancer to be cured; provides high-quality palliative and psychosocial supportive, restorative, and rehabilitative care to children and families throughout the illness course and survivorship; and assures receipt of high-quality end-of-life care for patients with advancing disease. Workshop outcomes emphasized the need for new pediatric cancer drug development and identified critical opportunities to prioritize palliative care and psychosocial support as an integral part of pediatric cancer research and treatment, including the necessity for adequately resourcing these supportive services to minimize suffering and distress, effectively address quality-of-life needs for children and families at all stages of illness, and mitigate the long-term health risks associated with childhood cancer and its treatment. Next steps include dismantling existing silos and enhancing collaboration between clinical investigators, disease-directed specialists, and supportive care services; expanding the use of patient-reported and parent-reported outcomes; effectively integrating palliative and psychosocial care; and clinical communication skills development. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:398-407. (c) 2016 American Cancer Society. SN 0007-9235 EI 1542-4863 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 66 IS 5 BP 398 EP 407 DI 10.3322/caac.21347 UT WOS:000384029500007 PM 27145249 ER PT J AU Bai, YL Cui, Y Paoli, GC Shi, CL Wang, DP Zhou, M Zhang, LD Shi, XM AF Bai, Yalong Cui, Yan Paoli, George C. Shi, Chunlei Wang, Dapeng Zhou, Min Zhang, Lida Shi, Xianming TI Synthesis of amino-rich silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles for the efficient capture of DNA for PCR SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES AB Magnetic separation has great advantages over traditional bio-separation methods and has become popular in the development of methods for the detection of bacterial pathogens, viruses, and transgenic crops. Functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles is a key factor for efficient capture of the target analytes. In this paper, we report the synthesis of amino-rich silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles using a one-pot method. This type of magnetic nanoparticle has a rough surface and a higher density of amino groups than the nanoparticles prepared by a post-modification method. Furthermore, the results of hydrochloric acid treatment indicated that the magnetic nanoparticles were stably coated. The developed amino-rich silica coated magnetic nanoparticles were used to directly adsorb DNA. After magnetic separation and blocking, the magnetic nanoparticles and DNA complexes were used directly for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), without onerous and time-consuming purification and elution steps. The results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that the nanoparticles with higher amino group density resulted in improved DNA capture efficiency. The results suggest that amino-rich silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles are of great potential for efficient bio-separation of DNA prior to detection by PCR. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0927-7765 EI 1873-4367 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 145 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.003 UT WOS:000381171800032 PM 27187190 ER PT J AU Wang, QH Abdul, SS Almeida, L Ananiadou, S Balderas-Martinez, YI Batista-Navarro, R Campos, D Chilton, L Chou, HJ Contreras, G Cooper, L Dai, HJ Ferrell, B Fluck, J Gama-Castro, S George, N Gkoutos, G Irin, AK Jensen, LJ Jimenez, S Jue, TR Keseler, I Madan, S Matos, S McQuilton, P Milacic, M Mort, M Natarajan, J Pafilis, E Pereira, E Rao, S Rinaldi, F Rothfels, K Salgado, D Silva, RM Singh, O Stefancsik, R Su, CH Subramani, S Tadepally, HD Tsaprouni, L Vasilevsky, N Wang, XD Chatr-Aryamontri, A Laulederkind, SJF Matis-Mitchell, S McEntyre, J Orchard, S Pundir, S Rodriguez-Esteban, R Van Auken, K Lu, ZY Schaeffer, M Wu, CH Hirschman, L Arighi, CN AF Wang, Qinghua Abdul, Shabbir S. Almeida, Lara Ananiadou, Sophia Balderas-Martinez, Yalbi I. Batista-Navarro, Riza Campos, David Chilton, Lucy Chou, Hui-Jou Contreras, Gabriela Cooper, Laurel Dai, Hong-Jie Ferrell, Barbra Fluck, Juliane Gama-Castro, Socorro George, Nancy Gkoutos, Georgios Irin, Afroza K. Jensen, Lars J. Jimenez, Silvia Jue, Toni R. Keseler, Ingrid Madan, Sumit Matos, Sergio McQuilton, Peter Milacic, Marija Mort, Matthew Natarajan, Jeyakumar Pafilis, Evangelos Pereira, Emiliano Rao, Shruti Rinaldi, Fabio Rothfels, Karen Salgado, David Silva, Raquel M. Singh, Onkar Stefancsik, Raymund Su, Chu-Hsien Subramani, Suresh Tadepally, Hamsa D. Tsaprouni, Loukia Vasilevsky, Nicole Wang, Xiaodong Chatr-Aryamontri, Andrew Laulederkind, Stanley J. F. Matis-Mitchell, Sherri McEntyre, Johanna Orchard, Sandra Pundir, Sangya Rodriguez-Esteban, Raul Van Auken, Kimberly Lu, Zhiyong Schaeffer, Mary Wu, Cathy H. Hirschman, Lynette Arighi, Cecilia N. TI Overview of the interactive task in BioCreative V SO DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION AB Fully automated text mining (TM) systems promote efficient literature searching, retrieval, and review but are not sufficient to produce ready-to-consume curated documents. These systems are not meant to replace biocurators, but instead to assist them in one or more literature curation steps. To do so, the user interface is an important aspect that needs to be considered for tool adoption. The BioCreative Interactive task (IAT) is a track designed for exploring user-system interactions, promoting development of useful TM tools, and providing a communication channel between the biocuration and the TM communities. In BioCreative V, the IAT track followed a format similar to previous interactive tracks, where the utility and usability of TM tools, as well as the generation of use cases, have been the focal points. The proposed curation tasks are user-centric and formally evaluated by biocurators. In BioCreative V IAT, seven TM systems and 43 biocurators participated. Two levels of user participation were offered to broaden curator involvement and obtain more feedback on usability aspects. The full level participation involved training on the system, curation of a set of documents with and without TM assistance, tracking of time-on-task, and completion of a user survey. The partial level participation was designed to focus on usability aspects of the interface and not the performance per se. In this case, biocurators navigated the system by performing pre-designed tasks and then were asked whether they were able to achieve the task and the level of difficulty in completing the task. In this manuscript, we describe the development of the interactive task, from planning to execution and discuss major findings for the systems tested. RI Matos, Sergio/G-4941-2010; Silva, Raquel/B-8337-2008; OI Matos, Sergio/0000-0003-1941-3983; Silva, Raquel/0000-0001-5926-8042; Jensen, Lars Juhl/0000-0001-7885-715X; Arighi, Cecilia/0000-0002-0803-4817; McEntyre, Jo/0000-0002-1611-6935; Vasilevsky, Nicole/0000-0001-5208-3432; Orchard, Sandra/0000-0002-8878-3972; Stefancsik, Raymund/0000-0001-8314-2140; Jue, Toni Rose/0000-0002-8449-5973; Rodriguez-Esteban, Raul/0000-0002-9494-9609 SN 1758-0463 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 AR baw119 DI 10.1093/database/baw119 UT WOS:000383834100001 ER PT J AU Veblen, KE Porensky, LM Riginos, C Young, TP AF Veblen, Kari E. Porensky, Lauren M. Riginos, Corinna Young, Truman P. TI Are cattle surrogate wildlife? Savanna plant community composition explained by total herbivory more than herbivore type SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB The widespread replacement of wild ungulate herbivores by domestic livestock in African savannas is composed of two interrelated phenomena: (1) loss or reduction in numbers of individual wildlife species or guilds and (2) addition of livestock to the system. Each can have important implications for plant community dynamics. Yet very few studies have experimentally addressed the individual, combined, and potentially interactive effects of wild vs. domestic herbivore species on herbaceous plant communities within a single system. Additionally, there is little information about whether, and in which contexts, livestock might functionally replace native herbivore wildlife or, alternatively, have fundamentally different effects on plant species composition. The Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment, which has been running since 1995, is composed of six treatment combinations of mega-herbivores, meso-herbivore ungulate wildlife, and cattle. We sampled herbaceous vegetation 25 times between 1999 and 2013. We used partial redundancy analysis and linear mixed models to assess effects of herbivore treatments on overall plant community composition and key plant species. Plant communities in the six different herbivore treatments shifted directionally over time and diverged from each other substantially by 2013. Plant community composition was strongly related (R-2 = 0.92) to residual plant biomass, a measure of herbivore utilization. Addition of any single herbivore type (cattle, wildlife, or mega-herbivores) caused a shift in plant community composition that was proportional to its removal of plant biomass. These results suggest that overall herbivory pressure, rather than herbivore type or complex interactions among different herbivore types, was the main driver of changes in plant community composition. Individual plant species, however, did respond most strongly to either wild ungulates or cattle. Although these results suggest considerable functional similarity between a suite of native wild herbivores (which included grazers, browsers, and mixed feeders) and cattle (mostly grazers) with respect to understory plant community composition, responses of individual plant species demonstrate that at the plant-population-level impacts of a single livestock species are not functionally identical to those of a diverse group of native herbivores. SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1610 EP 1623 DI 10.1890/15-1367.1 UT WOS:000383358000002 PM 27755702 ER PT J AU Paterson, ID Mangan, R Downie, DA Coetzee, JA Hill, MP Burke, AM Downey, PO Henry, TJ Compton, SG AF Paterson, Iain D. Mangan, Rosie Downie, Douglas A. Coetzee, Julie A. Hill, Martin P. Burke, Ashley M. Downey, Paul O. Henry, Thomas J. Compton, Stephe G. TI Two in one: cryptic species discovered in biological control agent populations using molecular data and crossbreeding experiments SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB There are many examples of cryptic species that have been identified through DNA-barcoding or other genetic techniques. There are, however, very few confirmations of cryptic species being reproductively isolated. This study presents one of the few cases of cryptic species that has been confirmed to be reproductively isolated and therefore true species according to the biological species concept. The cryptic species are of special interest because they were discovered within biological control agent populations. Two geographically isolated populations of Eccritotarsus catarinensis (Carvalho) [Hemiptera: Miridae], a biological control agent for the invasive aquatic macrophyte, water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms [Pontederiaceae], in South Africa, were sampled from the native range of the species in South America. Morphological characteristics indicated that both populations were the same species according to the current taxonomy, but subsequent DNA analysis and breeding experiments revealed that the two populations are reproductively isolated. Crossbreeding experiments resulted in very few hybrid offspring when individuals were forced to interbreed with individuals of the other population, and no hybrid offspring were recorded when a choice of mate from either population was offered. The data indicate that the two populations are cryptic species that are reproductively incompatible. Subtle but reliable diagnostic characteristics were then identified to distinguish between the two species which would have been considered intraspecific variation without the data from the genetics and interbreeding experiments. These findings suggest that all consignments of biological control agents from allopatric populations should be screened for cryptic species using genetic techniques and that the importation of multiple consignments of the same species for biological control should be conducted with caution. SN 2045-7758 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 6 IS 17 BP 6139 EP 6150 DI 10.1002/ece3.2297 UT WOS:000383362700009 PM 27648231 ER PT J AU Leamy, LJ Lee, CR Song, QJ Mujacic, I Luo, Y Chen, CY Li, CB Kjemtrup, S Song, BH AF Leamy, Larry J. Lee, Cheng-Ruei Song, Qijian Mujacic, Ibro Luo, Yan Chen, Charles Y. Li, Changbao Kjemtrup, Susanne Song, Bao-Hua TI Environmental versus geographical effects on genomic variation in wild soybean (Glycine soja) across its native range in northeast Asia SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB A fundamental goal in evolutionary biology is to understand how various evolutionary factors interact to affect the population structure of diverse species, especially those of ecological and/or agricultural importance such as wild soybean (Glycine soja). G. soja, from which domesticated soybeans (Glycine max) were derived, is widely distributed throughout diverse habitats in East Asia (Russia, Japan, Korea, and China). Here, we utilize over 39,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 99 ecotypes of wild soybean sampled across their native geographic range in northeast Asia, to understand population structure and the relative contribution of environment versus geography to population differentiation in this species. A STRUCTURE analysis identified four genetic groups that largely corresponded to the geographic regions of central China, northern China, Korea, and Japan, with high levels of admixture between genetic groups. A canonical correlation and redundancy analysis showed that environmental factors contributed 23.6% to population differentiation, much more than that for geographic factors (6.6%). Precipitation variables largely explained divergence of the groups along longitudinal axes, whereas temperature variables contributed more to latitudinal divergence. This study provides a foundation for further understanding of the genetic basis of climatic adaptation in this ecologically and agriculturally important species. SN 2045-7758 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 6 IS 17 BP 6332 EP 6344 DI 10.1002/ece3.2351 UT WOS:000383362700025 PM 27648247 ER PT J AU Guillen, L Epsky, ND Kendra, PE Montgomery, WS Gill, M Allen, C Niogret, J Heath, RR AF Guillen, L. Epsky, N. D. Kendra, P. E. Montgomery, W. S. Gill, M. Allen, C. Niogret, J. Heath, R. R. TI Electroantennogram response and attraction of Anastrepha suspensa to volatiles of various sugar sources and aged sugar solutions SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA AB With the aim of finding new, sugar-based volatile attractants for economically important tephritid fruit fly species, we used electroantennography (EAG) to quantitate olfactory responses of female Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to volatiles of six sugar sources (refined white and brown cane sugar, coconut sugar, date sugar, date jaggery, and cane panela). Laboratory-strain and wild flies, both sexually immature and mature, were tested for EAG responses to the volatiles of dry crystallized sugar sources and 10% (wt/vol) aqueous solutions that had aged in the laboratory for 0-7 days. In general, wild flies exhibited higher EAG responses than laboratory flies, and immature females responded more strongly than mature females. With the exception of date jaggery and cane panela, volatiles of dry sugar sources and 0-and 1-day-old solutions elicited lower EAG responses than any of the aged solutions. Most solution volatiles elicited the strongest EAG response after 2 days of aging. Of the treatments evaluated, volatiles of the 5-day-old date jaggery solution elicited the highest-amplitude EAG responses (39%) in A. suspensa females. On the basis of the latter, we tested the attraction response of mature and immature females to date-jaggery solutions aged over 2 and 4 days in two-choice flight tunnel bioassays. With bothmature and immature females, the 2-day-old solution was more attractive than the 4-day-old jaggery solution, but significantlymore mature females (70% of captures) were attracted to 2-day-old jaggery solution. We discuss our results with respect to the improvement of fruit fly lures and attractants by incorporating elements from aged date-jaggery sugar. SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 160 IS 3 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1111/eea.12483 UT WOS:000383346200006 ER PT J AU Contreras, GP Hughes, RM AF Contreras, G. P. Hughes, R. M. TI A Brief History of the AFS International Fisheries Section 1987-2016: Past, Current, and Future Bridge-Building SO FISHERIES SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 41 IS 9 BP 515 EP 518 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1208091 UT WOS:000383409400009 ER PT J AU Tereshchenkova, VF Goptar, IA Kulemzina, IA Zhuzhikov, DP Serebryakova, MV Belozersky, MA Dunaevsky, YE Oppert, B Filippova, IY Elpidina, EN AF Tereshchenkova, Valeriia F. Goptar, Irina A. Kulemzina, Irina A. Zhuzhikov, Dmitry P. Serebryakova, Marina V. Belozersky, Mikhail A. Dunaevsky, Yakov E. Oppert, Brenda Filippova, Irina Yu Elpidina, Elena N. TI Dipeptidyl peptidase 4-An important digestive peptidase in Tenebrio molitor larvae SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AB Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) is a proline specific serine peptidase that plays an important role in different regulatory processes in mammals. In this report, we isolated and characterized a unique secreted digestive DPP 4 from the anterior midgut of a stored product pest, Tenebrio molitor larvae (TmDPP 4), with a biological function different than that of the well-studied mammalian DPP 4. The sequence of the purified enzyme was confirmed by mass-spectrometry, and was identical to the translated RNA sequence found in a gut EST database. The purified peptidase was characterized according to its localization in the midgut, and substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity were compared with those of human recombinant DPP 4 (rhDPP 4). The T. molitor enzyme was localized mainly in the anterior midgut of the larvae, and 81% of the activity was found in the fraction of soluble gut contents, while human DPP 4 is a membrane enzyme. TmDPP 4 was stable in the pH range 5.0-9.0, with an optimum activity at pH 7.9, similar to human DPP 4. Only specific inhibitors of serine peptidase, diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suppressed TmDPP 4 activity, and the specific dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor vildagliptin was most potent. The highest rate of TmDPP 4 hydrolysis was found for the synthetic substrate Arg-Pro-pNA, while Ala-Pro-pNA was a better substrate for rhDPP 4. Related to its function in the insect midgut, TmDPP 4 efficiently hydrolyzed the wheat storage proteins gliadins, which are major dietary proteins of T. molitor. Published by Elsevier Ltd. RI Serebryakova, Marina/E-2986-2012 SN 0965-1748 EI 1879-0240 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 76 BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.07.003 UT WOS:000383298400005 PM 27395781 ER PT J AU Jin, TZ Huang, MY Niemira, BA Cheng, LY AF Jin, Tony Z. Huang, Mingyang Niemira, Brendan A. Cheng, Liyang TI Shelf life extension of fresh ginseng roots using sanitiser washing, edible antimicrobial coating and modified atmosphere packaging SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB Fresh American ginseng roots were washed with sanitiser solution (200ppm sodium hypochlorite), surface-coated with a coating solution consisting of 0.5% chitosan and three organic acids (lactic, levulinic and acetic acids) and then placed in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with 5% O-2, 10% O-2 or ambient air. Total aerobic bacteria, yeasts and moulds, weight loss and quality changes (texture, colour and appearance) of roots were monitored during storage at 4 degrees C. Throughout the 38-week study, there were no significant changes in microbial loads, texture, colour and appearance of samples after sanitiser washing and coating treatments and packaged with air, 5% O-2 or 10% O-2. The weight loss of roots after 38weeks was approximately 3%. The results demonstrate that the unique coating formulation (0.5% chitosan and multiple organic acids) and combination of sanitiser washing, coating treatment and MAP extend the shelf life of fresh ginseng roots to at least 38weeks. SN 0950-5423 EI 1365-2621 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 51 IS 9 BP 2132 EP 2139 DI 10.1111/ijfs.13201 UT WOS:000383568400023 ER PT J AU Herdt, JA Hunt, J Schauermann, K AF Herdt, Julee A. Hunt, John Schauermann, Kellen TI Newly invented biobased materials from low-carbon, diverted waste fibers: research methods, testing, and full-scale application in a case study structure SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGIES AB This project demonstrates newly invented, biobased construction materials developed by applying low-carbon, biomass waste sources through the Authors' engineered fiber processes and technology. If manufactured and applied large-scale the project inventions can divert large volumes of cellulose waste into high-performance, low embodied energy, environmental construction alternatives that lessen society's dependence on greenhouse gas emitting products associated with global warming. Biobased materials produced in this work include: 1. High strength-to-weight-ratio "bioboards" as a dense, thin, multipurpose construction hardboard from 100% waste sources and without resins, binders, or adhesives. Bioboards are used in flat and multidimensional form to create the project inventions. 2. Modular, three-dimensional-core, structural insulated wall, floor, and roof "BioSIPs" panels developed using bioboards as main structural components. BioSIPs received patenting during the project. This publication describes research and computational methodologies, testing of project materials, and their full-scale application as the exterior and interior materials and construction system for a solar-powered case-study building. The authors are currently advancing project inventions for commercialization. SN 1748-1317 EI 1748-1325 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 BP 400 EP 415 DI 10.1093/ijlct/ctw018 UT WOS:000383905500014 ER PT J AU Cole, MR Eggleston, G Rathke, T Naiki, J Triplett, A St Cyr, E AF Cole, Marsha R. Eggleston, Gillian Rathke, Thomas Naiki, June Triplett, Alexa St Cyr, Eldwin TI How the physical forms of starch affect filterability at a carbonatation refinery. Part II: simulated carbonatation filtration SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL AB Although starch is known to detrimentally impact carbonatation filtration at sugarcane refineries, the physical form(s) of starch responsible was unknown. This study was, therefore, undertaken to elucidate the effects of the physical starch forms, i.e., soluble and insoluble (swollen), and their concentrations, on carbonatation clarification reactions and press filtration using simulated melt liquors. Carbonatated liquors containing >= 250 ppm/Brix (USDA starch research method) total starch, insoluble starch, or soluble starch, and approximately equal amounts of % insoluble/soluble starch forms in a mixture were all detrimental to the simulated carbonatation refining process. High amounts of soluble starch accelerated carbonatation reactions, and contributed to the production of CaCO3 fines (<5 mu m) and unacceptably clarified liquors. This was because the soluble starch form did not allow enough time for the CaCO3 crystals to grow. Insoluble starch, however, prolonged carbonatation refining, which allowed for sizeable CaCO3 crystals to be produced. Each starch form, especially soluble starch, reduced CaCO3 mud yields. This was attributed to soluble starch's ability to sequester Ca2+ from Ca(OH)(2) during the initial carbonatation chemistry reactions which may have limited CaCO3 mud yields and crystal size. More studies are now warranted to better understand why soluble starch interfered with CaCO3 yields and crystal size. Furthermore, identification of novel processing aids that mitigate the effects of starch concentration and physical starch form at the carbonatation refinery are warranted, in addition to methods that accurately predict raw sugar refining performance specifically for carbonatation refineries. SN 0020-8841 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 118 IS 1413 BP 662 EP 670 UT WOS:000383221000041 ER PT J AU Medrano, EG Bell, AA Duke, SE AF Medrano, E. G. Bell, A. A. Duke, S. E. TI Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) boll rotting bacteria vectored by the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AB AimTo determine the capacity of the brown stink bug (BSB) (Euschistus servus) to transmit an infective Pantoea agglomerans strain Sc 1-R into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) bolls. Methods and ResultsA laboratory colony of BSB was maintained on fresh green beans. Either sterile or Sc 1-R contaminated beans were offered to adult insects. Strain Sc 1-R holds rifampicin resistance (Rif(r)). Insects were then caged with unopened greenhouse-grown bolls. After 2days, BSB were surface sterilized, ground, and then plated on media with and without Rif. Two weeks later, seed with lint were ground and plated on media with and without Rif. Microbes were recovered on nonselective media from all BSBs and from seed/lint at concentrations reaching 10(9)CFUg(-1) tissue. Rif(r) bacteria were recovered strictly from insects exposed to Sc1-R and from diseased seed/lint of respective bolls. ConclusionsEuschistus servus was capable of transmitting strain Sc 1-R into bolls resulting in disease. Insects not exposed to the pathogen deposited bacteria yet the nonpathogenic microbes produced insignificant damage to the boll tissue. Significance and Impact of StudyThis is the first study to concretely show the capacity of the BSB to transmit an infective P.agglomerans strain resulting in boll disease. SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 757 EP 766 DI 10.1111/jam.13197 UT WOS:000383404900014 PM 27261673 ER PT J AU Thavarajah, D Thavarajah, P Abare, A Basnagala, S Lacher, C Smith, P Combs, GF AF Thavarajah, Dil Thavarajah, Pushparajah Abare, Alex Basnagala, Suranga Lacher, Craig Smith, Powell Combs, Gerald F., Jr. TI Mineral micronutrient and prebiotic carbohydrate profiles of USA -grown kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS AB Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala.) is a leafy green brassica vegetable, the production levels of which have increased over the past 10 years due to increased demand by North American consumers. Kale is perceived to be highly nutritious leafy green vegetable even though its nutrient profile has not been well characterized to date. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional composition (energy, protein, mineral, and prebiotic carbohydrate concentrations) of 25 different kale genotypes grown in Pelion, South Carolina, USA, and assess its potential as a whole food source of daily essential minerals and dietary fiber. The results of this study show a single 100 g serving of fresh kale can provide a significant percentage of the recommended daily intake of mineral micronutrients (188-873 mg K; 35-300 mg Ca; 20-100 mg Mg) identified by the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee as being underconsumed by Americans. This serving of kale can also provide approximately 0.4-6.7 g of prebiotic carbohydrates, including sugar alcohols (45.4-59.8 mg), simple sugars (0.4-3348 mg), and hemicellulose (245-703 mg). Fresh kale is a low calorie food (36-98 kcal/100 g) with moderate levels of protein (1.6-5.9 g/100 g). Among the genotypes studied, 'Frizzy Lizzy', 'Dauro' and 'Fizz' have significantly high levels of essential minerals and prebiotic carbohydrates, moderate protein content, and low caloric value. These data confirm that kale is a whole food that can provide significant quantities of daily essential minerals and prebiotic carbohydrates. By genetic and location sourcing, the nutritional quality of kale could be further enhanced to benefit North American consumers. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 0889-1575 EI 1096-0481 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 52 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.07.003 UT WOS:000383932100002 ER PT J AU Guthrie, G Kulkarni, M Vlaardingerbroek, H Stoll, B Ng, K Martin, C Belmont, J Hadsell, D Heird, W Newgard, CB Olutoye, O van Goudoever, J Lauridsen, C He, XX Schuchman, EH Burrin, D AF Guthrie, Gregory Kulkarni, Madhulika Vlaardingerbroek, Hester Stoll, Barbara Ng, Kenneth Martin, Camilia Belmont, John Hadsell, Darryl Heird, William Newgard, Christopher B. Olutoye, Oluyinka van Goudoever, Johannes Lauridsen, Charlotte He, Xingxuan Schuchman, Edward H. Burrin, Douglas TI Multi-omic profiles of hepatic metabolism in TPN-fed preterm pigs administered new generation lipid emulsions SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH AB We aimed to characterize the lipidomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic profiles in preterm piglets administered enteral (ENT) formula or three parenteral lipid emulsions [parenteral nutrition (PN)], Intralipid (IL), Omegaven (OV), or SMOFlipid (SL), for 14 days. Piglets in all parenteral lipid groups showed differential organ growth versus ENT piglets; whole body growth rate was lowest in IL piglets, yet there were no differences in either energy expenditure or C-13-palmitate oxidation. Plasma homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance demonstrated insulin resistance in IL, but not OV or SL, compared with ENT. The fatty acid and acyl-CoA content of the liver, muscle, brain, and plasma fatty acids reflected the composition of the dietary lipids administered. Free carnitine and acylcarnitine (ACT) levels were markedly reduced in the PN groups compared with ENT piglets. Genes associated with oxidative stress and inflammation were increased, whereas those associated with alternative pathways of fatty acid oxidation were decreased in all PN groups. Our results show that new generation lipid emulsions directly enrich tissue fatty acids, especially in the brain, and lead to improved growth and insulin sensitivity compared with a soybean lipid emulsion. In all total PN groups, carnitine levels are limiting to the formation of ACTs and gene expression reflects the stress of excess lipid on liver function. SN 0022-2275 EI 1539-7262 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1696 EP 1711 DI 10.1194/jlr.M069526 UT WOS:000383431700010 PM 27474222 ER PT J AU Church, CD Buda, AR Kleinman, PJA Saporito, LS AF Church, C. D. Buda, A. R. Kleinman, P. J. A. Saporito, L. S. TI The effect of rare earth elements on phosphorus leaching in intact soil columns SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AB Phosphorus (P) has been linked to eutrophication in surface waters because it is a limiting nutrient for algal growth, and recent studies have shown that P transport through subsurface flow is of growing concern. In this study we amended dairy and poultry manures with lanthanum (La) and ytterbium (Yb) chlorides to assess the efficacy of using rare earth element (REE) chloride amendments in reducing P leaching through intact soil columns and to determine the major pathways of applied P leaching. Significant reductions in dissolved P. (DP; 56% to 64%), particulate P (PP; 22% to 36%), and total P (TP; 41% to 51%) in leachate were seen when dairy manure was amended with REE-chlorides, but no significant reductions in these P fractions were seen in amended poultry litter. Differences in P leaching losses between the two REE-amended manures were likely due to better mixing and dissolution of the REE-chlorides and better precipitation of an insoluble particulate REE-phosphate salt in the liquid manures prior to being applied. Very little vertical transport of REEs was observed in soil leachate over repeated events. Elevated concentrations of REEs along soil macropores at depths greater than 15 cm (5.9 in) suggest the importance of this pathway. However, due to the extremely low concentrations of REEs found at depth and the much higher values of soil P, the ability to "label" the manures with REEs to track P through macropores in the soil was only suggestive and by no means conclusive. Results point to the efficacy of REE-chlorides in lowering P solubility in liquid manures but limited potential in tracking subsurface transport pathways of applied manure P in soils. SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 71 IS 5 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.2489/jswc.71.5.365 UT WOS:000383316400004 ER PT J AU Beeson, PC Daughtry, CST Hunt, ER Akhmedov, B Sadeghi, AM Karlen, DL Tomer, MD AF Beeson, P. C. Daughtry, C. S. T. Hunt, E. R., Jr. Akhmedov, B. Sadeghi, A. M. Karlen, D. L. Tomer, M. D. TI Multispectral satellite mapping of crop residue cover and tillage intensity in, Iowa SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AB Quantifying crop residue cover is crucial for identifying tillage intensity and evaluating effectiveness of conservation management practices across large geographic areas. Current assessment protocols are labor intensive, time consuming, and costly. Our objective was to assess crop residue cover and soil tillage intensity in a watershed in central Iowa for three years (2009 to 2011) using multispectral satellite images. The watershed is dominated by corn (Zen mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), which are grown on glacial-till derived soils across 85% of the land area. For each year, crop residue cover was measured for a few fields using the line-point transect method or visually estimating surface cover through roadside surveys. Conservation tillage fields had >= 30% residue cover, while more intensively tilled fields had <30% residue cover. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) High Resolution Geometrical (HRG), Indian ResourceSat Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS), and Deimos satellite images were also acquired and analyzed to determine surface cover. SPOT and Landsat images provided similar classification accuracy ranging from 64% to 92%, while AWiFS and Deimos classifications had accuracies ranging from 61% to 73%. Clouds and the revisit interval for each satellite affected the timing of satellite images with respect to field operations, which also influenced classification accuracy. Overall soil tillage intensity varied little from year-to-year. Soil tillage intensity was also mapped as a function of slope, which could be useful for targeting additional conservation practices throughout the watershed. We conclude that satellite imagery is well suited for classifying crop residue cover. Furthermore, two recently launched satellites, Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2, have comparable multispectral sensors and together these satellites should provide frequent opportunities to acquire suitable imagery for assessing crop residue cover and soil tillage intensity over large geographic areas. SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 71 IS 5 BP 385 EP 395 DI 10.2489/jswc.71.5.385 UT WOS:000383316400006 ER PT J AU Tyler, HL Locke, MA Moore, MT Steinriede, RW AF Tyler, H. L. Locke, M. A. Moore, M. T. Steinriede, R. W. TI Impact of conservation land management practices on soil microbial function in an agricultural watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AB The USDA Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) involves removing agricultural land from production and replanting with native vegetation for the purpose of reducing agriculture's impact on the environment. In 2002, part of the Beasley Lake watershed in the Mississippi Delta was enrolled in CRP. In addition, areas between the lake and agricultural row crop (RC) fields were established as vegetative buffers (VB) to provide habitat for wildlife. Although the VB were established to improve wildlife habitat, an additional ecosystem service might include serving as an impediment to runoff from adjacent upland areas. The purpose of the current study was to assess the long-term impact of CRP, VB, and RC land management practices on the soil microbial community as an indicator of soil health. Soil samples were collected at two depths (0 to 5 and 5 to 15 cm [0 to 1.97 and 1.97 to 5.91 in]) from 12 sites within each land management (CRP,VB, and RC) area. Samples were assayed for soil enzyme activities (phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase [NAGase], and fluorescein diacetate [FDA] hydrolysis) and microbial biomass. All enzyme activities were significantly higher in CRP and VB than in RC soils in the 0 to 5 cm depth. Microbial biomass. in 0 to 5 cm soil was higher in CRP than in VB or RC areas. Significant correlations between microbial biomass carbon (C) and the activities of phosphatase (R-2 = 0.514; p < 0.0001), glucosidase (R-2 = 0.434; p < 0.0001), and FDA (R2 = 0.371; p < 0.0001) were observed, indicating higher extracellular enzyme activities noted in CRP and VB relative to RC soil may be partially due to a larger soil microbial community, although other factors, such as substrate availability, also appear to play a role. The greater size and activity of microbial communities in CRP and VB indicate they are better equipped to process excess nutrients and pesticides and may be a contributing factor to the effectiveness of these conservation practices in reducing the impact of agricultural runoff on downstream bodies of water. SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 71 IS 5 BP 396 EP 403 DI 10.2489/jswc.71.5.396 UT WOS:000383316400007 ER PT J AU Oliveira, PTS Nearing, MA Hawkins, RH Stone, JJ Rodrigues, DBB Panachuki, E Wendland, E AF Oliveira, P. T. S. Nearing, M. A. Hawkins, R. H. Stone, J. J. Rodrigues, D. B. B. Panachuki, E. Wendland, E. TI Curve number estimation from Brazilian Cerrado rainfall and runoff data SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AB The Curve Number (CN) method has been widely used to estimate runoff from rainfall events in Brazil; however, CN values for use in the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) are poorly documented. In this study we used experimental plots to measure natural rainfall -driven rates of runoff under undisturbed Cerrado and under the main crops found in this region, and derive associated CN values from the measured data using five different statistical methods. Curve numbers obtained from the standard USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) table were suitable to estimate runoff for bare soil, soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), and sugarcane (Saccharum L.). However, CN values obtained from measured rainfall-runoff data (CN calibrated) provided better runoff estimates than the CN values from the standard table. The best CN values for the bare soil (hydrologic soil group B), soybeans, and sugarcane were 81.2 (78.5 to 83.9), 78.7 (75.9 to 81.5), and 70.2 (67.8 to 72.6). The CN method was not adequate to estimate runoff for the undisturbed Cerrado, bare soil (hydrologic soil group A), pasture, and millet (Pennisetum glaucum). RI Cepid, CeMEAI/J-2417-2015; OI Oliveira, Paulo Tarso/0000-0003-2806-0083 SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 71 IS 5 BP 420 EP 429 DI 10.2489/jswc.71.5.420 UT WOS:000383316400010 ER PT J AU Gordji, L Bonta, JV Altinakar, M AF Gordji, L. Bonta, J. V. Altinakar, M. TI Trends of extreme precipitation at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed in east-central Ohio SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AB The impact of climate change on many disciplines has been examined by researchers in recent decades. One of the indicators of climate change is increasing extreme precipitation. The annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation trends at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed (NAEW) were studied to identify statistically significant changes in precipitation trends and to compare the consistency of local precipitation trends with reported trends on a regional scale. Daily average precipitation was calculated using data collected from 1939 to 2011 at 11 rain gauges located at the NAEW near Coshocton, Ohio. Rank correlation was used to test for trends for three time periods.(annual, seasonal, and monthly), for three response variables (total amount of precipitation, number of wet days, and the maximum daily precipitation), and for three data sets (the complete set of data and the upper 10th and 5th percentile data sets). Total precipitation showed a significant increasing trend for the fall season and for the months of October and November. Number of wet days showed significantly increasing trends for the months of August, October, and December. Maximum daily precipitation showed significantly increasing trends for the fall season as well as for three individual months of fall (September, October, and November). Considering the upper 10th, the annual averaged precipitation as well as seasonally averaged precipitation of fall and summer showed significantly increasing trends. Considering the upper 5th, the seasonally averaged precipitation of fall and winter showed significantly increasing trends. Annual and extreme trends on the local scale for the time period of 1958 to 2011 showed consistency with the reported trends by Karl et al. (2009) for regional scales for the time period of 1958 to 2007. The first and second response variables showed significant annual increasing trends for the complete set of data as well as for the upper 10th and 5th percentiles from 1958 to 2011. A piecewise linear least-squares estimation showed that starting in 1963 annual precipitation changes from a decreasing trend to an increasing trend. However, the decreasing trend was not significant, and only the post-1963 data showed a significant,increasing trend. The results were similar in Karl's regional approach. Based on the results, one to three months of the fall season (September, October, and November) have an increasing trend in the three precipitation response variables. SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 71 IS 5 BP 430 EP 439 DI 10.2489/jswc.71.5.430 UT WOS:000383316400011 ER PT J AU Arruda, PHE Stevenson, GW Killian, ML Burrough, ER Gauger, PC Harmon, KM Magstadt, DR Yoon, KJ Zhang, JQ Madson, DM Pineyro, P Derscheid, RJ Schwartz, KJ Cooper, VL Halbur, PG Main, RG Sato, Y Arruda, BL AF Arruda, Paulo H. E. Stevenson, Gregory W. Killian, Mary L. Burrough, Eric R. Gauger, Phillip C. Harmon, Karen M. Magstadt, Drew R. Yoon, Kyoung-Jin Zhang, Jianqiang Madson, Darin M. Pineyro, Pablo Derscheid, Rachel J. Schwartz, Kent J. Cooper, Vickie L. Halbur, Patrick G. Main, Rodger G. Sato, Yuko Arruda, Bailey L. TI Outbreak of H5N2 highly pathogenic avian Influenza A virus infection in two commercial layer facilities: lesions and viral antigen distribution SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION AB The largest outbreak of highly pathogenic avian Influenza A virus (HPAIV) infection in U.S. history began in December 2014 resulting in the euthanasia of millions of birds and collateral economic consequences to the U.S. poultry industry. We describe 2 cases of H5N2 HPAIV infection in laying hens in Iowa. Following a sharp increase in mortality with minimal clinical signs, 15 dead birds, from 2 unrelated farms, were submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Common lesions included diffuse edema and multifocal hemorrhage of the comb, catarrhal exudate in the oropharynx, and multifocal tracheal hemorrhage. Less common lesions included epicardial petechiae, splenic hemorrhage, and pancreatic necrosis. Influenza A virus nucleoprotein was detected by immunohistochemistry in multiple cell types including ependymal cells, the choroid plexus, neurons, respiratory epithelium and macrophages in the lung, cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells, necrotic foci in the spleen, Kupffer cells in the liver, and necrotic acinar cells in the pancreas. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequencing confirmed H5N2 HPAIV with molecular characteristics similar to other contemporary U.S. H5N2 HPAIVs in both cases. SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 28 IS 5 BP 568 EP 573 DI 10.1177/1040638716658929 UT WOS:000383400900012 PM 27423731 ER PT J AU Palerme, JS Pan, PC Parsons, CT Kathariou, S Ward, TJ Jacob, ME AF Palerme, Jean-Sebastien Pan, Po Ching Parsons, Cameron T. Kathariou, Sophia Ward, Todd J. Jacob, Megan E. TI Isolation and characterization of atypical Listeria monocytogenes associated with a canine urinary tract infection SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION AB Listeria monocytogenes, a well-described cause of encephalitis and abortion in ruminants and of food-borne illness in humans, is rarely associated with disease in companion animals. A case of urinary tract infection associated with an atypical, weakly hemolytic L. monocytogenes strain is described in a diabetic dog. The serotype of the L. monocytogenes isolate was determined to be 1/2a (3a), with the multilocus genotyping pattern 2.72_1/2a. A nucleotide substitution (Gly145Asp) was detected at residue 145 in the promoter prfA region. This residue is within the critical helix-turn-helix motif of PrfA. The source of the L. monocytogenes strain remains unknown, and the dog recovered after a 4-week course of cephalexin (30 mg/kg orally twice daily). OI Parsons, Cameron/0000-0002-5307-2222 SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 28 IS 5 BP 604 EP 607 DI 10.1177/1040638716661381 UT WOS:000383400900019 PM 27493137 ER PT J AU Blake, LW Gese, EM AF Blake, Linsey W. Gese, Eric M. TI Resource selection by cougars: Influence of behavioral state and season SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB An understanding of how a predator uses the landscape can assist in developing management plans. We modeled resource selection by cougars (Puma concolor) during 2 behavioral states (moving and killing) and 2 seasons (summer and winter) with respect to landscape characteristics using locations from global positioning system (GPS)-collared cougars in the Pryor Mountains, Montana and Wyoming, USA. Furthermore, we examined predation-specific resource selection at 2 scales (fine and coarse). When possible, we backtracked from cache sites to kill sites and used a fine-scale analysis to examine landscape characteristics of confirmed kills. At this fine scale, kill sites had less horizontal visibility, were more likely to be in juniper (Juniperus spp.)-mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius), and were less likely to be in grassland vegetation. For the coarse-scale analysis of predation risk, we used the entire dataset of kills by buffering each cache site by 94.9m, which was the 95% upper cut-off point of the known distances dragged from kill sites to cache sites, thereby creating buffered cache sites that had a high probability of containing the kill site. We modeled seasonal cougar predation site selection by constructing resource selection functions for these buffered cache sites. The top model for summer predation risk consisted of vegetation class, distance to water, and slope. The top model for winter predation risk included vegetation class and elevation. These predation risk models were similar to but simpler than the resource selection models developed from the moving locations. Essentially, the behavioral state (i.e., killing vs. moving) of the cougar had little influence on resource selection, indicating that cougars are generally in hunting mode while moving through their landscape. To potentially reduce cougar predation on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in our study area, managers can intersect the cougar predation-risk resource selection functions with deer and sheep habitat to guide habitat modification efforts aimed at increasing horizontal visibility in risky vegetation classes. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 80 IS 7 BP 1205 EP 1217 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21123 UT WOS:000383809700007 ER PT J AU Sapkota, A Herr, A Johnson, JS Lay, DC AF Sapkota, A. Herr, A. Johnson, J. S. Lay, D. C. TI Core body temperature does not cool down with skin surface temperature during recovery at room temperature after acute heat stress exposure SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE AB Identifying new methods of assessing livestock welfare is a growing area of research. Non-invasive methods such as infrared thermography are valuable for quick and accurate observations and could be utilized to monitor the thermal status of swine without direct contact. The study objective was to determine if infrared thermography could be used as a non-invasive, hands-off approach to accurately monitor the welfare of swine by comparing changes in skin surface temperature (SST), core body temperature (CBT), behavior, and heart rate during acute heat stress (AHS) and subsequent recovery in thermoneutral (TN) conditions. In eight replications, 16 pigs (n=8 barrows and 8 gilts) were subjected to AHS (39.3 +/- 0.1 degrees C) for 30 min followed by TN (20.6 +/- 0.1 degrees C) for 30 min. The SST, CBT, heart rate, and behavioral data were recorded throughout the entire experiment. During pre-treatment, ear base SST was greater (P < 0.01; 35.6 +/- 0.3 degrees C) than all other locations. The SST at all locations increased (P < 0.01) linearly with duration of AHS exposure. During TN, maximum CBT was greater (P < 0.01; 40.6 +/- 0.1 degrees C) compared to during AHS (40.3 +/- 0.1 degrees C). Pigs spent more time standing during AHS (P < 0.01) and tended (P=0.10) to lie more during TN; however, heart rate (141 +/- 2.3 beats per minute) was not affected by treatment or duration. In summary, rapid TN exposure after an AHS challenge reduces SST; however, CBT was actually increased and this may have implications towards reduced activity and increased organ damage. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 1871-1413 EI 1878-0490 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 191 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.07.010 UT WOS:000383314600022 ER PT J AU Suckling, DM Stringer, LD Jimenez-Perez, A Bunn, B Vander Meer, RK AF Suckling, David Maxwell Stringer, Lloyd D. Jimenez-Perez, Alfredo Bunn, Barry Vander Meer, Robert K. TI Communication disruption of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and reduced foraging success SO MYRMECOLOGICAL NEWS AB Invasive pest ants often coordinate resource retrieval and colony expansion through the use of recruitment pheromones to optimise their foraging; the potential for disruption of trail pheromone communication deserves investigation as a new biologically-based method to control pest ant species. Workers from monogyne red imported fire ant colonies following trails to, feed on crickets were presented greater than normal quantities of their orientation trail pheromone, Z,E-alpha-farnesene. The pheromone was presented as either a 300 mu g point source or a linear source at 5.5 mu g / cm. Ant behaviour was video recorded from above and digitised. Ants following a 10 ng / cm synthetic trail of Z,E-alpha-farnesene past an upwind source of the same synthetic trail pheromone took 2.4-fold (single release points) or three-fold (linear source) longer to discover the bait and remove it than ants following trails in the absence of pheromone treatments. About half (48%) of the fire ants that went past the linear sources of trail pheromone were prevented from arrival at the food compared with untreated controls (100% arrival), and ant trails had significantly lower trail integrity, measured as r(2) (obtained by linear regression), both towards the food and when returning to the nest. The less than complete drop in arrival was likely due to the ability of the ants to recover their normal ability to sense and follow the recruitment trail in clean air. A few ants were able to follow low concentration synthetic trails despite exposure seconds earlier to a 550 fold greater concentration of pheromone, which disrupted trail following behaviour. Trail pheromone disruption of fire ants has potential for fire ant population reduction if low cost commercially available disruptants become available. Structure-activity studies and biorational design of suitable analogues / homologues that overcome trail pheromone sensitivity would be a next step. SN 1994-4136 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 23 BP 25 EP 31 UT WOS:000383924400003 ER PT J AU Colegate, SM Gardner, DR Betz, JM Fischer, OW Liede-Schumann, S Boppre, M AF Colegate, Steven M. Gardner, Dale R. Betz, Joseph M. Fischer, Ottmar W. Liede-Schumann, Sigrid Boppre, Michael TI Pro-toxic 1,2-Dehydropyrrolizidine Alkaloid Esters, Including Unprecedented 10-Membered Macrocyclic Diesters, in the Medicinally-used Alafia cf. caudata and Amphineurion marginatum (Apocynaceae: Apocynoideae: Nerieae and Apocyneae) SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AB IntroductionWithin the Apocynoideae (Apocynaceae) pro-toxic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids have been reported only in Echiteae. However, attraction of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-pharmacophagous insects suggested their presence in Alafia cf. caudata Stapf (Nerieae: Alafiinae) and Amphineurion marginatum (Roxb.) D.J. Middleton (Apocyneae: Amphineuriinae), both used as medicinal plants. ObjectiveTo confirm the presence of dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids in Alafia cf. caudata and Amphineurion marginatum and identify their structures. MethodsMethanol extracts of air-dried roots, stems and leaves of non-flowering plants were analysed using HPLC-ESI(+)MS and MS/MS or collision-induced dissociation MS in low and/or high resolution modes. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids were tentatively identified based on the mass spectrometry data. Solid phase extraction combined with semi-preparative HPLC were used to isolate major alkaloids. Structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy. ResultsMonoesters of retronecine with senecioic, hydroxysenecioic or syringic acids were identified in roots of Alafia cf. caudata. Two unprecedented 10-membered macrocyclic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid diesters were isolated from roots of Amphineurion marginatum. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids were detected in root and leaf material of Alafia cf. caudata at 0.34 and 0.01% dry weight (DW), and 0.13, 0.02 and 0.09% DW in root, leaf and stem material of Amphineurion marginatum. ConclusionsThe presence of pro-toxic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids suggests that medical preparations of these plants pose potential health risks to consumers. Dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids are evidently more widespread in Apocynoideae than previously assumed, and it would seem rewarding to study other members of this family for the presence of pyrrolizidines, dehydropyrrolizidines and dihydropyrrolizines. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The attraction of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-pharmacophagous insects indicated the presence of pro-toxic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids in Alafia cf. caudata Stapf (Nerieae: Alafinae) and Amphineurion marginatum (Roxb.) D.J. Middleton (Apocyneae: Amphineuriinae). Subsequently, monoesters of retronecine with senecioic, hydroxysenecioic or syringic acids were identified in Alafia cf. caudata, and 10-membered macrocyclic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid diesters, previously unprecedented in reports from natural sources, were isolated from Amphineurion marginatum. Since both plants are used as traditional medicine this suggests potential health risks to consumers. RI Boppre, Michael/P-4346-2016 SN 0958-0344 EI 1099-1565 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 27 IS 5 BP 257 EP 276 DI 10.1002/pca.2624 UT WOS:000383448100004 PM 27432636 ER PT J AU Morgan, JA Parton, W Derner, JD Gilmanov, TG Smith, DP AF Morgan, Jack A. Parton, William Derner, Justin D. Gilmanov, Tagir G. Smith, David P. TI Importance of Early Season Conditions and Grazing on Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Colorado Shortgrass Steppe SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT AB Understanding the influence of grazing management and environmental drivers on net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) is essential for optimizing carbon (C) uptake in rangelands. Herein, using 15 treatment-years (two 3-yr experiments, one with three grazing treatments, the other two) and Bowen ratio flux towers, we evaluated the influence of grazing intensity, soil water content (SWC), and plant cover (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, or NDVI) on NEE in Colorado shortgrass steppe. Among several soil water and plant cover traits evaluated over 6-yr, early season (April, DOY 91-120) SWC and early season (DOY 130) NDVI were most highly correlated with NEE (0.96 and 0.98, respectively) during the second quarter (April to June) of the year and also over the entire growing season (April to September; 0.97 and 0.96). Due to the strong effect of early-season SWC, an average of 166 g m(-2) CO2 were lost in 2 yr with dry spring weather, compared with an average annual uptake of 218 g m(-2) CO2 in 4 yr with more abundant early-season precipitation and plant cover. Grazing effects on NEE were also apparent. In one experiment, moderate grazing resulted in annual CO2 uptake of 267 g m(-2) CO2 over 3 yr compared with essentially zero NEE in heavily grazed pasture. However, that treatment difference in annual NEE was only half that experienced between dry and wet years. Similar trends were observed in a second experiment, although results were insignificant. Results suggest that the recommended moderate grazing intensity for the Colorado shortgrass steppe is near optimal for CO2 uptake under season-long continuous grazing, with annual climatic variability sometimes being more influential. To enhance C sequestration in the western Great Plains of North America, grazing management strategies should emphasize flexible and adaptive practices that consider early-season SWC and promote vegetation cover during the key early spring growth period. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Society for Range Management. SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 69 IS 5 BP 342 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.05.002 UT WOS:000383411100003 ER PT J AU Ott, JE Cox, RD Shaw, NL Newingham, BA Ganguli, AC Pellant, M Roundy, BA Eggett, DL AF Ott, Jeffrey E. Cox, Robert D. Shaw, Nancy L. Newingham, Beth A. Ganguli, Amy C. Pellant, Mike Roundy, Bruce A. Eggett, Dennis L. TI Postfire Drill-Seeding of Great Basin Plants: Effects of Contrasting Drills on Seeded and Nonseeded Species SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT AB Objectives of postfire seeding in the Great Basin include reestablishment of perennial cover, suppression of exotic annual weeds, and restoration of diverse plant communities. Nonconventional seeding techniques may be required when seeding mixes of grasses, forbs, and shrubs containing seeds of different sizes. We conducted an operational-scale experiment to test the effectiveness of two rangeland drills (conventional and minimum-till) for seeding native plant mixes following wildfire in Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) communities. Both drills were configured to place small and large seeds in alternate rows. We hypothesized that the minimum-till drill's advanced features would improve establishment compared with the conventional drill. We also hypothesized that the minimum-till drill would cause less damage to residual perennials, whereas the conventional drill would have a greater impact on annual weeds. The experiment was replicated at three burned sites and monitored for 2 yr at each site. Seeded plant establishment was lowest at a low-precipitation site that became dominated by exotic annuals. Another site had high perennial grass establishment, which effectively suppressed exotic annuals, while a third site attained high diversity of seeded species and life forms but became invaded by exotic annuals in plant interspaces. Small-seeded species generally established better with the minimum-till drill equipped with imprinter wheels than the conventional drill with drag-chains. However, large-seeded species frequently established better with the conventional drill despite its lack of depth bands and press wheels. Soil disturbance associated with the conventional drill had a negative effect on residual perennials and exotic annuals at some sites. Results indicate that different drill features are advantageous in different ways, but that either of the tested drills, if properly used, can be effective for seeding native plant mixes provided site conditions are otherwise favorable for seedling establishment. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Society for Range Management. RI Ganguli, Amy/J-3342-2014 OI Ganguli, Amy/0000-0003-3960-1404 SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 69 IS 5 BP 373 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.05.001 UT WOS:000383411100006 ER PT J AU Nyamuryekung'e, S Cibils, AF Estell, RE Gonzalez, AL AF Nyamuryekung'e, Shelemia Cibils, Andres F. Estell, Richard E. Gonzalez, Alfredo L. TI Use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Mounted Video Camera to Assess Feeding Behavior of Raramuri Criollo Cows SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT AB We determined the feasibility of using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) video monitoring to predict intake of discrete food items of rangeland-raised Raramuri Criollo non-nursing beef cows. Thirty-five cows were released into a 405-m(2) rectangular dry lot, either in pairs (pilot tests) or individually (experiment tests), that contained 12 food bowls arranged in an open semicircle and placed approximately 1 m apart. Four bowls containing either long alfalfa hay (AH, 200 g), long Sudangrass hay (SH, 200 g), or cottonseed cake (CC, 50 g) were alternated (CC, AH, SH) using the same sequence in all tests. Video footage of all arena tests was acquired with a three-dimensional Robotics Y6 Multi-copter fitted with a two-axis brushless gimbal and a GoPro Hero 3 Silver Digital Camera. Video files were processed to extract a total of 4 893 two-second-interval still images that were viewed to determine cow feeding activity. Cows that were nave to the sound of the UAV fed as frequently (P > 0.05) as their adapted counterparts during 12-min pilot tests. Significant positive correlations (r = 0.68-0.91; P < 0.05) between video-derived feeding frequency estimates and amount of AH, SH, and CC consumed per bowl were observed during the individual 4-min experiment tests. Our results suggest that UAV video monitoring could be a useful tool to monitor feeding behavior of rangeland cows. (C) 2016 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 69 IS 5 BP 386 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.04.005 UT WOS:000383411100007 ER PT J AU Smith, RC Waldron, BL Creech, JE Zobell, RA ZoBell, DR AF Smith, Rob C. Waldron, Blair L. Creech, J. Earl Zobell, R. Aaron ZoBell, Dale R. TI Forage Kochia and Russian Wildrye Potential for Rehabilitating Gardner's Saltbush Ecosystems Degraded by Halogeton SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT AB Gardner's saltbush ecosystems are increasingly being invaded by halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus [M. Bieb.] C.A. Mey.), an annual halophyte that increases soil surface salinity and reduces plant biodiversity. Thus, a study was established in the Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area within the lower Green River Basin of Wyoming to evaluate the potential for rehabilitating halogeton-dominated Gardner's saltbush ecosystems with forage kochia (Bassia prostrate [L.] A.J. Scott), Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea [Fisch.] Nevski), tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum [Podp.] Z.-W. Liu & R.-C. Wang), Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides [Roem. Schult.] Barlcworth), and Gardner's saltbush (Atriplex gameri [MN.] D. Dietr.). A seeding evaluation, with and without prior disking, was conducted to determine ability of these species to establish. A transplant evaluation determined the effect of established plants on halogeton frequency at four 10-cm intervals (10-20, 20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 cm) distal from transplants. Gardner's saltbush, tall wheatgrass, and Indian ricegrass did not establish in the seeded study or persist beyond the first year in transplant study. In contrast, Russian wildrye and forage kochia established and persisted, with Russian wildrye establishment higher (P = 0.05) in the disked treatment compared with no-till (4.5 and 1.7 plants m(-2), respectively) and no-till favoring (P = 0.05) forage kochia establishment (2.3 and 0.8 plants m-2, respectively). Transplants of these two species reduced halogeton frequency by 52% relative to the control. Moreover, this interference of halogeton establishment by Russian wildrye and forage kochia had extended to 50 cm distal from transplant by the second year of the study. By the third year (2014), transplant survival and halogeton frequency were highly correlated (r = -0.61, P 0.0001), indicating the importance of plant persistence. Results indicate that Russian wildrye and forage kochia can establish and reduce halogeton frequency, thereby providing an opportunity for rehabilitation of halogeton-invaded areas. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Society for Range Management. SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 69 IS 5 BP 390 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.06.001 UT WOS:000383411100008 ER PT J AU Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB AF Szoegi, Ariel A. Vanotti, Matias B. TI Decline of phosphorus, copper, and zinc in anaerobic swine lagoon columns receiving pretreated influent SO SCIENTIA AGRICOLA AB Land application of both anaerobic lagoon liquid and sludge can increase nutrient accumulation beyond the soil's assimilative capacity and become a threat to water quality in regions with intensive, confined swine production. In a 15-month meso-scale column study, we evaluated the effect of manure pretreatment on the reduction of total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive P (SRP), and total copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in swine lagoons using (i) enhanced solid-liquid separation (SS) and (ii) solid-liquid separation plus biological nitrogen treatment with nitrification-denitrification (SS + NDN). A conventional anaerobic lagoon treatment was included as a control. A mass flow balance revealed that with both pretreatments the net mass input of TP, Cu, and Zn in the lagoon columns declined 80 to 100 % when compared to the control. Even though both pretreatments significantly reduced P in the inflow, TP and SRP were negatively correlated (r = -0.51 to -0.87) with TSS in the liquid fraction because of the dissolution of P from sludge into the overlying lagoon liquid. On the other hand, the removal of solids by both pretreatments effectively reduced Cu and Zn concentrations in the lagoon liquid, and their concentrations were positively correlated (r = 0.79 to 0.90) with TSS. The decline in mass accumulation of TP, Cu, and Zn in sludge as a result of the reduction of input solids can help minimize both the frequency of sludge removal for lagoon maintenance and the land area for its disposal. SN 0103-9016 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0249 UT WOS:000383793100004 ER PT J AU Garcia-Gonzalez, MC Vanotti, MB Szogi, AA AF Cruz Garcia-Gonzalez, Maria Vanotti, Matias B. Szogi, Ariel A. TI Recovery of ammonia from anaerobically digested manure using gas-permeable membranes SO SCIENTIA AGRICOLA AB Nitrogen (N) can be recovered from different types of wastewaters. Among these wastewaters, anaerobically digested swine manure (digestate) has the highest N content in ammonia form (NH3). It is desirable to reduce N in digestate effluents to safely incorporate them in arable soil in N vulnerable zones (NVZ) and to mitigate NH3 emissions during N land application. Additional benefit is to minimize inhibition of the anaerobic process by removing NH3 during the anaerobic digestion process. This work aimed to apply the gas-permeable membrane technology to evaluate ammonia (NH3) recovery from high-ammonia digested swine manure. Anaerobically digested swine manure with NH4+ content of 4,293 mg N L-1 was reduced by 91 % (to 381 mg N L-1) during the 32-day experiment. Although the results showed a total N recovery efficiency of 71 %, it is possible to increase this recovery efficiency to > 90 % by adjusting the area of the membrane system to match the high free ammonia concentration (FA) in digested swine manure. Moreover, final digestate pH and alkalinity were kept around 8.1 and 8,923 mg-CaCO3 L-1, which are convenient for the anaerobic process or incorporation in arable soil when the process is finished. SN 0103-9016 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 434 EP 438 DI 10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0159 UT WOS:000383793100007 ER PT J AU McKeown, MS Trabelsi, S Tollner, EW AF McKeown, Murat Sean Trabelsi, Samir Tollner, Ernest William TI Effects of temperature and material on sensing moisture content of pelleted biomass through dielectric properties SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING AB The production of pelleted biomass represents a significant emerging industry in the United States. Solid biomass can be formed from the waste products of different natural and manufactured products. In this study, the effects of temperature and pellet material type on the dielectric properties were investigated. The resulting information was used to develop temperature- and material-independent moisture prediction equations. Dielectric properties of peanut-hull, pine, and hardwood pellets were measured at microwave frequencies for temperatures between 10 degrees C and 50 degrees C and at moisture contents between 4.9% and 16.0%. Further work was performed in investigating the dielectric properties of pine, peanut-hull, and hardwood pellets to determine whether a "unified" calibration for moisture content might be developed. Results showed that a temperature-compensated calibration for moisture content could be developed for different pellet types with standard errors of calibration between 0.50% and 1.04%. In addition, a unified calibration for pine, peanut-hull and hardwood pellets at 20 degrees C was developed that provides moisture content for the materials with a standard error of calibration between 0.48% and 0.56%. (C) 2016 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 149 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2016.06.002 UT WOS:000383008500001 ER PT J AU Huang, YB Yuan, L Reddy, KN Zhang, JC AF Huang, Yanbo Yuan, Lin Reddy, Krishna N. Zhang, Jingcheng TI In-situ plant hyperspectral sensing for early detection of soybean injury from dicamba SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING AB Drift of dicamba onto non-target crops is a major concern because it is highly active on susceptible crops even at low doses. Early detection of crop injury is critical in crop management. A field study was conducted to determine spectral characteristics of soybean (Progeny P4819LL) treated with dicamba. Drift deposition of dicamba was simulated by direct application at 0.05 to 1.0 times of the recommended label rate (0.56 kg [ai] ha(-1)) to soybean at the 5- to 6-trifloliolate leaf stage, approximately 6 weeks after planting. The canopy spectral measurements were taken at 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT) using a portable spectroradiometer in the 325-1075 nm spectral range on 3 randomly selected plants within each plot with device optimisation and data calibration. The results indicated that it was difficult to clearly differentiate the dose response of soybean to different dicamba spray rates within 72 HAT. Regardless of spray rates the soybean treated with dicamba could be clearly differentiated from untreated soybean from 24 to 72 HAT through spectral vegetation index analysis with anthocyanin reflectance and photochemical reflectance indices with accuracies at 24, 48, and 72 HAT ranging from 76 to 86%. Simulated dicamba drift injured soybean and reduced its yield by 71 and 90% at 0.05 and 0.1 times recommended rate, respectively. This study demonstrated that hyperspectral remote sensing has a potential in early detection of soybean injury from exposure to off-target dicamba drift at sub lethal rates in the field. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 149 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2016.06.013 UT WOS:000383008500005 ER PT J AU Oleas, NH Meerow, AW Francisco-Ortega, J AF Oleas, Nora H. Meerow, Alan W. Francisco-Ortega, Javier TI Genetic structure of the threatened Phaedranassa schizantha (Amaryllidaceae) SO BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY AB Phaedranassa schizantha (Amaryllidaceae) is an endangered species endemic to Ecuador and two varieties have been described: P. schizantha var. schizantha and P. schizantha var. ignea. We assessed population genetic structure and demographic patterns in 11 populations across the range of the species using 13 microsatellite loci. Our data show that genetic diversity was generally lower in the southern part of the range and was especially low in populations closest to cities. We found significant population differentiation (F-ST=0.14, D-EST=0.34) and evidence of a genetic bottleneck. Genetic variation did not show isolation by distance. Instead, results suggest genetic barriers around two main cities. Bayesian analysis identified two genetic groups, neither of which represents either of the two varieties previously recognized. Coalescent analysis indicates a relatively recent colonization pattern between the two genetic groups (<3000 generations). Conservation efforts need to be taken to facilitate genetic exchange between the groups, especially between locations that seem to be genetically isolated. OI Oleas, Nora/0000-0002-1948-4119 SN 0024-4074 EI 1095-8339 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 182 IS 1 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1111/boj.12444 UT WOS:000382936500008 ER PT J AU Puhlick, JJ Weiskittel, AR Fraver, S Russell, MB Kenefic, LS AF Puhlick, Joshua J. Weiskittel, Aaron R. Fraver, Shawn Russell, Matthew B. Kenefic, Laura S. TI Assessing the role of natural disturbance and forest management on dead wood dynamics in mixed-species stands of central Maine, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH AB Dead wood pools are strongly influenced by natural disturbance events, stand development processes, and forest management activities. However, the relative importance of these influences can vary over time. In this study, we evaluate the role of these factors on dead wood biomass pools across several forest management alternatives after 60 years of treatment on the Penobscot Experimental Forest in central Maine, USA. After accounting for variation in site quality, we found significant differences in observed downed coarse woody material (CWM; >= 7.6 cm small-end diameter) and standing dead wood biomass among selection, shelterwood, and commercial clear-cut treatments. Overall, total dead wood biomass was positively correlated with live tree biomass and was negatively correlated with the average wood density of nonharvest mortality. We also developed an index of cumulative harvest severity, which can be used to evaluate forest attributes when multiple harvests have occurred within the same stand over time. Findings of this study highlight the dynamic roles of forest management, stand development, and site quality in influencing dead wood biomass pools at the stand level and underscore the potential for various outcomes from the same forest management treatment applied at different times in contrasting stands. SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1092 EP 1102 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2016-0177 UT WOS:000382754700002 ER PT J AU Sniezko, RA Danchok, R Savin, DP Liu, JJ Kegley, A AF Sniezko, Richard A. Danchok, Robert Savin, Douglas P. Liu, Jun-Jun Kegley, Angelia TI Genetic resistance to white pine blister rust in limber pine (Pinus flexilis): major gene resistance in a northern population SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH AB Limber pine, Pinus flexilis E. James, a wide-ranging tree species in western North America, is highly susceptible to white pine blister rust (WPBR), caused by the non-native fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. The Canadian populations in particular have been heavily impacted, and in 2014, limber pine was designated endangered in Canada by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). Little is known about genetic resistance to WPBR in limber pine, but major gene resistance (MGR) has been characterized in some populations in the United States. This study examines resistance in seedling families from 13 parent trees from British Columbia, Alberta, and Oregon, representing the northern- and northwestern-most populations. Most families were susceptible, with 100% of the seedlings cankered, but one family from Alberta segregated 1: 1 for cankered and canker free. This is the first report of (a) MGR in Canada of any of the four species of five-needle pines native to Canada and (b) any resistance in limber pine in Canadian populations and is the northernmost known incidence of putative R-gene resistance in a natural stand of any five-needle pine species. Many of the Canadian selections were from stands with high incidence of WPBR infection, and their high susceptibility in this trial suggests that further infection and mortality is likely in the Canadian populations. SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1173 EP 1178 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2016-0128 UT WOS:000382754700011 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ AF Lehotay, Steven J. TI 5th Latin American Pesticide Residue Workshop (LAPRW 2015) SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA SN 0009-5893 EI 1612-1112 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 79 IS 17-18 BP 1057 EP 1059 DI 10.1007/s10337-016-3139-4 UT WOS:000382010000001 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Han, LJ Sapozhnikova, Y AF Lehotay, Steven J. Han, Lijun Sapozhnikova, Yelena TI Automated Mini-Column Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup for High-Throughput Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Foods by Low-Pressure Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA CT 5th Latin American Pesticide Residue Workshop (LAPRW) CY MAY 10-13, 2015 CL Santiago, CHILE AB This study demonstrated the application of an automated high-throughput mini-cartridge solid-phase extraction (mini-SPE) cleanup for the rapid low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS) analysis of pesticides and environmental contaminants in QuEChERS extracts of foods. Cleanup efficiencies and breakthrough volumes using different mini-SPE sorbents were compared using avocado, salmon, pork loin, and kale as representative matrices. Optimum extract load volume was 300 A mu L for the 45 mg mini-cartridges containing 20/12/12/1 (w/w/w/w) anh. MgSO4/PSA (primary secondary amine)/C-18/CarbonX sorbents used in the final method. In method validation to demonstrate high-throughput capabilities and performance results, 230 spiked extracts of 10 different foods (apple, kiwi, carrot, kale, orange, black olive, wheat grain, dried basil, pork, and salmon) underwent automated mini-SPE cleanup and analysis over the course of 5 days. In all, 325 analyses for 54 pesticides and 43 environmental contaminants (3 analyzed together) were conducted using the 10 min LPGC-MS/MS method without changing the liner or retuning the instrument. Merely, 1 mg equivalent sample injected achieved < 5 ng g(-1) limits of quantification. With the use of internal standards, method validation results showed that 91 of the 94 analytes including pairs achieved satisfactory results (70-120 % recovery and RSD aecurrency sign 25 %) in the 10 tested food matrices (n = 160). Matrix effects were typically less than +/- 20 %, mainly due to the use of analyte protectants, and minimal human review of software data processing was needed due to summation function integration of analyte peaks. This study demonstrated that the automated mini-SPE + LPGC-MS/MS method yielded accurate results in rugged, high-throughput operations with minimal labor and data review. SN 0009-5893 EI 1612-1112 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 79 IS 17-18 BP 1113 EP 1130 DI 10.1007/s10337-016-3116-y UT WOS:000382010000007 PM 27616781 ER PT J AU Carim, KJ Dysthe, JCS Young, MK McKelvey, KS Schwartz, MK AF Carim, K. J. Dysthe, J. C. S. Young, M. K. McKelvey, K. S. Schwartz, M. K. TI An environmental DNA assay for detecting Arctic grayling in the upper Missouri River basin, North America SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES AB The upper Missouri River basin in the northwestern US contains disjunct Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) populations of conservation concern. To assist efforts aimed at understanding Artic grayling distribution, we developed a quantitative PCR assay to detect the presence of Arctic grayling DNA in environmental samples. The assay amplified low concentrations of Arctic grayling DNA consistently, and did not amplify non-target species, including sympatric salmonid fishes. SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 BP 197 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s12686-016-0531-1 UT WOS:000382116900001 ER PT J AU Carim, KJ Wilcox, TM Anderson, M Lawrence, DJ Young, MK McKelvey, KS Schwartz, MK AF Carim, K. J. Wilcox, T. M. Anderson, M. Lawrence, D. J. Young, M. K. McKelvey, K. S. Schwartz, M. K. TI An environmental DNA marker for detecting nonnative brown trout (Salmo trutta) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES AB Brown trout (Salmo trutta) are widely introduced in western North America where their presence has led to declines of several native species. To assist conservation efforts aimed at early detection and eradication of this species, we developed a quantitative PCR marker to detect the presence of brown trout DNA in environmental samples. The marker strongly amplified brown trout eDNA, and produced no amplification of eDNA from 17 other species commonly found in western North America. We field tested this marker and demonstrated positive detections in field samples where brown trout presence was known. SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 BP 259 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s12686-016-0548-5 UT WOS:000382116900016 ER PT J AU Stetz, JB Smith, S Sawaya, MA Ramsey, AB Amish, SJ Schwartz, MK Luikart, G AF Stetz, Jeffrey B. Smith, Seth Sawaya, Michael A. Ramsey, Alan B. Amish, Stephen J. Schwartz, Michael K. Luikart, Gordon TI Discovery of 20,000 RAD-SNPs and development of a 52-SNP array for monitoring river otters SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES AB Many North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) populations are threatened or recovering but are difficult to study because they occur at low densities, it is difficult to visually identify individuals, and they inhabit aquatic environments that accelerate degradation of biological samples. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can improve our ability to monitor demographic and genetic parameters of difficult to study species. We used restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to discover 20,772 SNPs present in Montana, USA, river otter populations, including 14,512 loci that were also variable in at least one other population range-wide. After applying careful filtering criteria meant to minimize ascertainment bias and identify high quality, highly heterozygous (H (o) = 0.2-0.50) SNPs, we developed and tested 52 independent SNP qPCR genotyping assays, including 41 that performed well with diluted DNA. The 41 loci provided high power for population assignment tests with only 1 misassignment (1.6 %) between closely neighboring populations. Our SNPs showed high power to differentiate individuals and assign them to population of origin, as well as strong concordance of genotypes from high and diluted concentrations of DNA, and between original RAD and the SNP qPCR array. OI Stetz, Jeff/0000-0003-2876-6895 SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 BP 299 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s12686-016-0558-3 UT WOS:000382116900023 ER PT J AU Din, AA Park, Y Lee, SW Cha, SM Cho, KH Kim, JH AF Din, Aamir Alaud Park, Yongeun Lee, Seung Won Cha, Sung Min Cho, Kyung Hwa Kim, Joon Ha TI Finding sources and sinks of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a riverine system using parallel factor model SO DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT AB To characterize fluorescentdissolved organic matter (FDOM) in Yeongsan River in Korea, 110 water samples were acquired from March 2008 to November 2009 around the watershed. Excitation emission matrix data of fluorescence was obtained using spectrophotometric analysis and parallel factor (PARAFAC) model was used to characterize FDOM. The spatiotemporal variation and effect on FDOM were studied using an exploratory analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the spatial and seasonal characteristics, we used post hoc analysis to identify significantly different sites and season. The PARAFAC results identified three most important PARAFAC components explaining 95.32% of total variance of original data-set. Seasons and sites had a significant effect on PARAFAC Components I and II (p0.05), whereas season had a significant effect on Component III (p0.05). There was no significant interaction between seasons and sites for all the three PARAFAC components (p>0.05). For Components I and II, summer season was significantly different from other seasons (p0.05), whereas for Component III, the fall season was significantly different from winter and summer seasons (p0.05). These results indicate that ANOVA and post hoc analysis in our study not only confirmed the results of previous studies, but also revealed differences in seasons and sites for identified FDOMs as a new information. The methodology proposed in this paper can be a useful tool for finding sources and sinks of FDOMs in a riverine system influenced by natural organic matter impairment. OI Park, Yongeun/0000-0002-1959-0843 SN 1944-3994 EI 1944-3986 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 57 IS 43 BP 20199 EP 20209 DI 10.1080/19443994.2015.1112978 UT WOS:000382817300008 ER PT J AU Mangiavacchi, BM Vieira, FP Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Hill, D AF Mangiavacchi, B. M. Vieira, F. P. Bahia-Oliveira, L. M. G. Hill, D. TI Salivary IgA against sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in the study of horizontally transmitted toxoplasmosis via T-gondii oocysts in endemic settings SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION AB The aim of this study was to contribute to the better understanding of the relative epidemiological importance of different modes of infection with respect to horizontal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in endemic settings. We investigated the prevalence of salivary IgA against a sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in a highly endemic area for toxoplasmosis in Brazil in order to pinpoint parasite transmission via oocysts. Prevalence calculated by salivary IgA specific to TgERP was compared to the prevalence calculated by serum IgG against both TgERP and tachyzoites (in conventional serological tests). Prevalence calculated by different serological and salivary parameters varied in the studied age groups. However, for the 15-21 years age group, values for T. gondii prevalence estimated by conventional serological tests and by anti-TgERP salivary IgA were similar; i.e. 687% and 666% or 667%, respectively, using two different cut-off parameters for salivary IgA anti-TgERP. Furthermore, salivary IgA anti-TgERP for this age group presented the highest specificity (9333%), sensitivity (9394%), and likelihood (1409) compared to all the other age groups. These data demonstrate the importance of age for salivary IgA investigation against TgERP to estimate the mode of T. gondii transmission in endemic settings. RI Mangiavacchi, Bianca/E-7194-2016 OI Mangiavacchi, Bianca/0000-0002-9682-4869 SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 144 IS 12 BP 2568 EP 2577 DI 10.1017/S0950268816000960 UT WOS:000382174600012 PM 27169485 ER PT J AU McHugh, T AF McHugh, Tara TI Food Processing in Action SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY SN 0015-6639 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 70 IS 9 BP 110 EP 111 UT WOS:000383220900020 ER PT J AU Jakes, JE AF Jakes, Joseph E. TI Recent Advances in Forest Products Research and Development SO JOM SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 68 IS 9 BP 2381 EP 2382 DI 10.1007/s11837-016-2058-z UT WOS:000381989200010 ER PT J AU Moon, RJ Schueneman, GT Simonsen, J AF Moon, Robert J. Schueneman, Gregory T. Simonsen, John TI Overview of Cellulose Nanomaterials, Their Capabilities and Applications SO JOM AB Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are a new class of cellulose particles with properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, and as a result, they are being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Momentum is growing in CN research and development, and commercialization in this field is happening because of the unique combination of characteristics (e.g., high mechanical properties, sustainability, and large-scale production potential) and utility across a broad spectrum of material applications (e.g. as an additive, self-sustaining structures, and template structures) that CNs offer. Despite the challenges typical for materials development, CN and near-CN production is ramping up with pilot scale to industry demonstration trials, and the first commercial products are starting to hit the marketplace. This review provides a broad overview of CNs and their capabilities that are enabling new application areas for cellulose-based materials. SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 68 IS 9 BP 2383 EP 2394 DI 10.1007/s11837-016-2018-7 UT WOS:000381989200011 ER PT J AU Jakes, JE Arzola, X Bergman, R Ciesielski, P Hunt, CG Rahbar, N Tshabalala, M Wiedenhoeft, AC Zelinka, SL AF Jakes, Joseph E. Arzola, Xavier Bergman, Rick Ciesielski, Peter Hunt, Christopher G. Rahbar, Nima Tshabalala, Mandla Wiedenhoeft, Alex C. Zelinka, Samuel L. TI Not Just Lumber-Using Wood in the Sustainable Future of Materials, Chemicals, and Fuels SO JOM AB Forest-derived biomaterials can play an integral role in a sustainable and renewable future. Research across a range of disciplines is required to develop the knowledge necessary to overcome the challenges of incorporating more renewable forest resources in materials, chemicals, and fuels. We focus on wood specifically because in our view, better characterization of wood as a raw material and as a feedstock will lead to its increased utilization. We first give an overview of wood structure and chemical composition and then highlight current topics in forest products research, including (1) industrial chemicals, biofuels, and energy from woody materials; (2) wood-based activated carbon and carbon nanostructures; (3) development of improved wood protection treatments; (4) massive timber construction; (5) wood as a bioinspiring material; and (6) atomic simulations of wood polymers. We conclude with a discussion of the sustainability of wood as a renewable forest resource. SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 68 IS 9 BP 2395 EP 2404 DI 10.1007/s11837-016-2026-7 UT WOS:000381989200012 ER PT J AU Wiedenhoeft, AC Arevalo, R Ledbetter, C Jakes, JE AF Wiedenhoeft, Alex C. Arevalo, Rafael Ledbetter, Craig Jakes, Joseph E. TI Structure-Property Characterization of the Crinkle-Leaf Peach Wood Phenotype: A Future Model System for Wood Properties Research? SO JOM AB Nearly 400 million years of evolution and field-testing by the natural world has given humans thousands of wood types, each with unique structure-property relationships to study, exploit, and ideally, to manipulate, but the slow growth of trees makes them a recalcitrant experimental system. Variations in wood features of two genotypes of peach (Prunus persica L.) trees, wild-type and crinkle-leaf, were examined to elucidate the nature of weak wood in crinkle-leaf trees. Crinkle-leaf is a naturally-occurring mutation in which wood strength is altered in conjunction with an easily observed 'crinkling' of the leaves' surface. Trees from three vigor classes (low growth rate, average growth rate, and high growth rate) of each genotype were sampled. No meaningful tendency of dissimilarities among the different vigor classes was found, nor any pattern in features in a genotype-by-vigor analysis. Wild-type trees exhibited longer vessels and fibers, wider rays, and slightly higher specific gravity. Neither cell wall mechanical properties measured with nanoindentation nor cell wall histochemical properties were statistically or observably different between crinkle-leaf and wild-type wood. The crinkle-leaf mutant has the potential to be a useful model system for wood properties investigation and manipulation if it can serve as a field-observable vegetative marker for altered wood properties. SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 68 IS 9 BP 2405 EP 2412 DI 10.1007/s11837-016-2057-0 UT WOS:000381989200013 ER PT J AU Bann, D Chen, HY Bonell, C Glynn, NW Fielding, RA Manini, T King, AC Pahor, M Mihalko, SL Gill, TM AF Bann, David Chen, Haiying Bonell, Chris Glynn, Nancy W. Fielding, Roger A. Manini, Todd King, Abby C. Pahor, Marco Mihalko, Shannon L. Gill, Thomas M. CA Life Study Investigators TI Socioeconomic differences in the benefits of structured physical activity compared with health education on the prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH AB Background Evidence is lacking on whether health-benefiting community-based interventions differ in their effectiveness according to socioeconomic characteristics. We evaluated whether the benefit of a structured physical activity intervention on reducing mobility disability in older adults differs by education or income. Methods The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study was a multicentre, randomised trial that compared a structured physical activity programme with a health education programme on the incidence of mobility disability among at-risk community-living older adults (aged 70-89years; average follow-up of 2.6years). Education ( high school (0-12years), college (13-17years) or postgraduate) and annual household income were self-reported (<$24999, $25000 to $49999 and $50000). The risk of disability (objectively defined as loss of ability to walk 400m) was compared between the 2 treatment groups using Cox regression, separately by socioeconomic group. Socioeconomic groupxintervention interaction terms were tested. Results The effect of reducing the incidence of mobility disability was larger for those with postgraduate education (0.72, 0.51 to 1.03; N=411) compared with lower education (high school or less (0.93, 0.70 to 1.24; N=536). However, the education groupxintervention interaction term was not statistically significant (p=0.54). Findings were in the same direction yet less pronounced when household income was used as the socioeconomic indicator. Conclusions In the largest and longest running trial of physical activity amongst at-risk older adults, intervention effect sizes were largest among those with higher education or income, yet tests of statistical interactions were non-significant, likely due to inadequate power. Trial registration number NCT01072500. OI Glynn, Nancy/0000-0003-2265-0162; Bann, David/0000-0002-6454-626X SN 0143-005X EI 1470-2738 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 70 IS 9 BP 930 EP 933 DI 10.1136/jech-2016-207321 UT WOS:000383291100014 PM 27060177 ER PT J AU Coyle, DR Green, GT Barnes, BF Klepzig, KD Nowak, JT Gandhi, KJK AF Coyle, David R. Green, Gary T. Barnes, Brittany F. Klepzig, Kier D. Nowak, John T. Gandhi, Kamal J. K. TI Landowner and Manager Awareness and Perceptions of Pine Health Issues and Southern Pine Management Activities in the Southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY AB We assessed awareness and perceptions of forest landowners and managers in the southeastern United States regarding their stand health especially under the context of the southern pine decline (SPD) phenomenon. E-mail and paper surveys were sent to 4,670 forest landowners and managers in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina with an overall response rate of 28%. About half (51%) of respondents reported having healthy and symptom-free pine stands, and only 11% reported elevated levels of dying pine or pine mortality within the last year. Few (<30%) respondents were aware of SPD. Insects, disease, and drought were perceived as the most important threats to pine health. Respondents usually used material from state agencies, professional speakers, or research publications for information regarding pine stand management. Data indicate a favorable outlook for pine health in the southeastern United States, as landowners were engaged and willing to use recognized management prescriptions. SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 114 IS 5 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.5849/jof.15-093 UT WOS:000383113500004 ER PT J AU Thomas-Van Gundy, M Whetsell, R AF Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa Whetsell, Robert TI West Virginia's Big Trees: Setting the Record Straight SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 114 IS 5 BP 582 EP 583 DI 10.5849/jof.15-104 UT WOS:000383113500008 ER PT J AU Rigby, JR Wren, DG Kuhnle, RA AF Rigby, J. R. Wren, D. G. Kuhnle, R. A. TI Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Bed Load for Fluvial Applications SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING AB Forum papers are thought-provoking opinion pieces or essays founded in fact, sometimes containing speculation, on a civil engineering topic of general interest and relevance to the readership of the journal. The views expressed in this Forum article do not necessarily reflect the views of ASCE or the Editorial Board of the journal. SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 142 IS 9 AR 02516003 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001122 UT WOS:000383150800001 ER PT J AU Kenar, JA AF Kenar, James A. TI Dear Authors: We Do Read Your Cover Letters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1171 EP 1172 DI 10.1007/s11746-016-2889-3 UT WOS:000382984500001 ER PT J AU Andrade, MA Choi, CY Lansey, K Jung, D AF Andrade, Manuel A. Choi, Christopher Y. Lansey, Kevin Jung, Donghwi TI Enhanced Artificial Neural Networks Estimating Water Quality Constraints for the Optimal Water Distribution Systems Design SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AB Optimal water distribution system (WDS) design including the layout and pipe sizes is invariably complex, even when hydraulic constraints alone are considered. The addition of water quality (WQ) constraints adds to the computational demands. Using conventional WQ models to evaluate the feasibility of the many networks that must be analyzed can extend the optimization process beyond acceptable limits. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) can approximate disinfectant concentrations in a fraction of the time required by deterministic WQ models, and thus have been used for WDS pipe optimization as fast surrogates of these models. This study seeks to improve the performance of ANNs applied to the optimal design of WDSs by comparing their outcomes on the basis of ANN architecture and data used for ANN training, two factors that affect their speed and accuracy. ANNs were trained to forecast the disinfectant concentration at the relevant nodes of two case studies: A simple WDS (common in the literature of WDS pipe optimization) and a complex WDS that supplies an actual community in the city of Maricopa, Arizona. The results obtained for the first case study showed that ANNs estimated disinfectant concentrations with a satisfactory accuracy, regardless of their architecture or data used for their training. Results obtained for the second case study, however, showed that ANNs with a conventional architecture (wherein multiple ANNs are required to forecast the disinfectant concentration at relevant nodes of the WDS) offered advantages in terms of accuracy over two alternative architectures (that each required a single ANN for the same purpose). However, ANNs trained with a conventional random data set showed a poor performance when compared to ANNs trained with an alternative data set that was obtained with the probabilistic approach described in this paper. SN 0733-9496 EI 1943-5452 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 142 IS 9 AR 04016024 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000663 UT WOS:000383157500006 ER PT J AU Mallinger, RE Gibbs, J Gratton, C AF Mallinger, Rachel E. Gibbs, Jason Gratton, Claudio TI Diverse landscapes have a higher abundance and species richness of spring wild bees by providing complementary floral resources over bees' foraging periods SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY AB Context Anthropogenic landscape simplification and natural habitat loss can negatively affect wild bees. Alternatively, anthropogenic land-use change may diversify landscapes, creating complementary habitats that maintain overall resource continuity and diversity. Objectives We examined the effects of landscape composition, including land-cover diversity and percent semi-natural habitat, on wild bee abundance and species richness within apples, a pollinator-dependent crop. We also explored whether different habitats within diverse landscapes can provide complementary floral resources for bees across space and time. Methods We sampled bees during apple bloom over 2 years within 35 orchards varying in surrounding landscape diversity and percent woodland (the dominant semi-natural habitat) at 1 km radii. To assess habitat complementarity in resource diversity and temporal continuity, we sampled flowers and bees within four unique habitats, including orchards, woodlands, semi-natural grasslands, and annual croplands, over three periods from April-June. Results Surrounding landscape diversity positively affected both wild bee abundance and richness within orchards during bloom. Habitats in diverse landscapes had different flower communities with varying phenologies; flowers were most abundant within orchards and woodlands in mid-spring, but then declined over time, while flowers within grasslands marginally increased throughout spring. Furthermore, bee communities were significantly different between the closed-canopy habitats, orchards and woodlands, and the open habitats, grasslands and annual croplands. Conclusions Our results suggest that diverse landscapes, such as ones with both open (grassland) and closed (woodland) semi-natural habitats, support spring wild bees by providing flowers throughout the entire foraging period and diverse niches to meet different species' requirements. OI Gibbs, Jason/0000-0002-4945-5423 SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1523 EP 1535 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0332-z UT WOS:000382906500008 ER PT J AU Pasch, LA Penilla, C Tschann, JM Martinez, SM Deardorff, J de Groat, CL Gregorich, SE Flores, E Butte, NF Greenspan, LC AF Pasch, Lauri A. Penilla, Carlos Tschann, Jeanne M. Martinez, Suzanna M. Deardorff, Julianna de Groat, Cynthia L. Gregorich, Steven E. Flores, Elena Butte, Nancy F. Greenspan, Louise C. TI Preferred Child Body Size and Parental Underestimation of Child Weight in Mexican-American Families SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL AB Objective To determine whether parents who prefer a heavier child would underestimate their child's weight more than those who prefer a leaner child. Methods Participants were Mexican-American families (312 mothers, 173 fathers, and 312 children ages 8-10) who were interviewed and had height and weight measurements. Parents reported their preferred child body size and their perceptions of their child's weight. Parents' underestimation of their child's weight was calculated as the standardized difference between parent's perception of their child's weight and the child's body mass index (BMI) z-score. Demographic factors and parental BMI were also assessed. Results Although 50 % of children were overweight or obese, only 11 % of mothers and 10 % of fathers perceived their children as being somewhat or very overweight. Multiple regressions controlling for covariates (parental BMI and child age) showed that parents who preferred a heavier child body size underestimated their children's weight more, compared to those who preferred a leaner child (beta for mothers = .13, p < .03; beta for fathers = .17, p < .03). Conclusions for Practice Parents who preferred a heavier child body size underestimated their child's weight to a greater degree than parents who preferred a leaner child. Attempts by pediatricians to correct parents' misperceptions about child weight may damage rapport and ultimately fail if the misperception is actually a reflection of parents' preferences, which may not be readily amenable to change. Future research should address optimal methods of communication about child overweight which take into account parent preferences. SN 1092-7875 EI 1573-6628 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1842 EP 1848 DI 10.1007/s10995-016-1987-z UT WOS:000382754100010 PM 27016351 ER PT J AU Thomson, JL Tussing-Humphreys, LM Goodman, MH Olender, S AF Thomson, Jessica L. Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa M. Goodman, Melissa H. Olender, Sarah TI Baseline Demographic, Anthropometric, Psychosocial, and Behavioral Characteristics of Rural, Southern Women in Early Pregnancy SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL AB Objectives Beginning life in a healthy uterine environment is essential for future well-being, particularly as it relates to chronic disease risk. Baseline (early pregnancy) demographic, anthropometric (height and weight), psychosocial (depression and perceived stress), and behavioral (diet and exercise) characteristics of rural, Southern, pregnant women enrolled in a maternal, infant, and early childhood home visiting program are described. Methods Participants included 82 women early in their second trimester of pregnancy and residing in three Lower Mississippi Delta counties in the United States. Baseline data were collected through direct measurement and surveys. Results Participants were primarily African American (96 %), young (mean age = 23 years), single (93 %), and received Medicaid (92 %). Mean gestational age was 18 weeks, 67 % of participants were overweight or obese before becoming pregnant, and 16 % tested positive for major depression. Participants were sedentary (mean minutes of moderate intensity physical activity/week = 30), had low diet quality (mean Healthy Eating Index-2010 total score = 43 points), with only 38, 4, and 7 % meeting recommendations for saturated fat, fiber, and sodium intakes, respectively. Conclusions for Practice In the Lower Mississippi Delta, there is a need for interventions that are designed to help women achieve optimal GWG by improving their diet quality and increasing the amount of physical activity performed during pregnancy. Researchers also should consider addressing barriers to changing health behaviors during pregnancy that may be unique to this region of the United States. SN 1092-7875 EI 1573-6628 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1980 EP 1988 DI 10.1007/s10995-016-2016-y UT WOS:000382754100026 PM 27146396 ER PT J AU Yuan, H Jiang, JM Jimenez, FA Hoberg, EP Cook, JA Galbreath, KE Li, CH AF Yuan, Hao Jiang, Jiamei Jimenez, Francisco Agustin Hoberg, Eric P. Cook, Joseph A. Galbreath, Kurt E. Li, Chenhong TI Target gene enrichment in the cyclophyllidean cestodes, the most diverse group of tapeworms SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES AB The Cyclophyllidea is the most diverse order of tapeworms, encompassing species that infect all classes of terrestrial tetrapods including humans and domesticated animals. Available phylogenetic reconstructions based either on morphology or molecular data lack the resolution to allow scientists to either propose a solid taxonomy or infer evolutionary associations. Molecular markers available for the Cyclophyllidea mostly include ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial loci. In this study, we identified 3641 single-copy nuclear coding loci by comparing the genomes of Hymenolepis microstoma, Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia solium. We designed RNA baits based on the sequence of H.microstoma, and applied target enrichment and Illumina sequencing to test the utility of those baits to recover loci useful for phylogenetic analyses. We captured DNA from five species of tapeworms representing two families of cyclophyllideans. We obtained an average of 3284 (90%) of the targets from the test samples and then used captured sequences (2181361bp in total; fragment size ranging from 301 to 6969bp) to reconstruct a phylogeny for the five test species plus the three species for which genomic data are available. The results were consistent with the current consensus regarding cyclophyllidean relationships. To assess the potential for our method to yield informative genetic variation at intraspecific scales, we extracted 14074 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from alignments of four Arostrilepis macrocirrosa and two A.cooki and successfully inferred their relationships. The results showed that our target gene tools yield data sets that provide robust inferences at a range of taxonomic scales in the Cyclophyllidea. RI Jimenez, Francisco/I-6010-2013 SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 SI SI BP 1095 EP 1106 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12532 UT WOS:000383281400005 PM 27037792 ER PT J AU Schmickl, R Liston, A Zeisek, V Oberlander, K Weitemier, K Straub, SCK Cronn, RC Dreyer, LL Suda, J AF Schmickl, Roswitha Liston, Aaron Zeisek, Vojtech Oberlander, Kenneth Weitemier, Kevin Straub, Shannon C. K. Cronn, Richard C. Dreyer, Leanne L. Suda, Jan TI Phylogenetic marker development for target enrichment from transcriptome and genome skim data: the pipeline and its application in southern African Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES AB Phylogenetics benefits from using a large number of putatively independent nuclear loci and their combination with other sources of information, such as the plastid and mitochondrial genomes. To facilitate the selection of orthologous low-copy nuclear (LCN) loci for phylogenetics in nonmodel organisms, we created an automated and interactive script to select hundreds of LCN loci by a comparison between transcriptome and genome skim data. We used our script to obtain LCN genes for southern African Oxalis (Oxalidaceae), a speciose plant lineage in the Greater Cape Floristic Region. This resulted in 1164 LCN genes greater than 600bp. Using target enrichment combined with genome skimming (Hyb-Seq), we obtained on average 1141 LCN loci, nearly the whole plastid genome and the nrDNA cistron from 23 southern African Oxalis species. Despite a wide range of gene trees, the phylogeny based on the LCN genes was very robust, as retrieved through various gene and species tree reconstruction methods as well as concatenation. Cytonuclear discordance was strong. This indicates that organellar phylogenies alone are unlikely to represent the species tree and stresses the utility of Hyb-Seq in phylogenetics. OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 SI SI BP 1124 EP 1135 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12487 UT WOS:000383281400007 PM 26577756 ER PT J AU Roffler, GH Amish, SJ Smith, S Cosart, T Kardos, M Schwartz, MK Luikart, G AF Roffler, Gretchen H. Amish, Stephen J. Smith, Seth Cosart, Ted Kardos, Marty Schwartz, Michael K. Luikart, Gordon TI SNP discovery in candidate adaptive genes using exon capture in a free-ranging alpine ungulate SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES AB Identification of genes underlying genomic signatures of natural selection is key to understanding adaptation to local conditions. We used targeted resequencing to identify SNP markers in 5321 candidate adaptive genes associated with known immunological, metabolic and growth functions in ovids and other ungulates. We selectively targeted 8161 exons in protein-coding and nearby 5 and 3 untranslated regions of chosen candidate genes. Targeted sequences were taken from bighorn sheep (Oviscanadensis) exon capture data and directly from the domestic sheep genome (Ovisaries v. 3; oviAri3). The bighorn sheep sequences used in the Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) exon capture aligned to 2350 genes on the oviAri3 genome with an average of 2 exons each. We developed a microfluidic qPCR-based SNP chip to genotype 476 Dall's sheep from locations across their range and test for patterns of selection. Using multiple corroborating approaches (lositan and bayescan), we detected 28 SNP loci potentially under selection. We additionally identified candidate loci significantly associated with latitude, longitude, precipitation and temperature, suggesting local environmental adaptation. The three methods demonstrated consistent support for natural selection on nine genes with immune and disease-regulating functions (e.g. Ovar-DRA, APC, BATF2, MAGEB18), cell regulation signalling pathways (e.g. KRIT1, PI3K, ORRC3), and respiratory health (CYSLTR1). Characterizing adaptive allele distributions from novel genetic techniques will facilitate investigation of the influence of environmental variation on local adaptation of a northern alpine ungulate throughout its range. This research demonstrated the utility of exon capture for gene-targeted SNP discovery and subsequent SNP chip genotyping using low-quality samples in a nonmodel species. OI Roffler, Gretchen/0000-0002-8534-3664 SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 SI SI BP 1147 EP 1164 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12560 UT WOS:000383281400009 PM 27327375 ER PT J AU Hamilton, JB Rondorf, DW Tinniswood, WR Leary, RJ Mayer, T Gavette, C Casal, LA AF Hamilton, John B. Rondorf, Dennis W. Tinniswood, William R. Leary, Ryan J. Mayer, Tim Gavette, Charleen Casal, Lynne A. TI The Persistence and Characteristics of Chinook Salmon Migrations to the Upper Klamath River Prior to Exclusion by Dams SO OREGON HISTORICAL QUARTERLY SN 0030-4727 PD FAL PY 2016 VL 117 IS 3 BP 326 EP 377 DI 10.5403/oregonhistq.117.3.0326 UT WOS:000383138900001 ER PT J AU Viol, MA Guerrero, FD de Oliveira, BCM de Aquino, MCC Loiola, SH de Melo, GD Gomes, AHD Kanamura, CT Garcia, MV Andreotti, R de Lima, VMF Bresciani, KDS AF Viol, Milena Arauz Guerrero, Felix D. Miranda de Oliveira, Bruno Cesar Costa de Aquino, Monally Conceicao Loiola, Saulo Hudson de Melo, Guilherme Dias de Souza Gomes, Aparecida Helena Kanamura, Cristina Takami Garcia, Marcos Valerio Andreotti, Renato Felix de Lima, Valeria Marcal Saraiva Bresciani, Katia Denise TI Identification of Leishmania spp. promastigotes in the intestines, ovaries, and salivary glands of Rhipicephalus sanguineus actively infesting dogs SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH AB Sand flies are recognized as the major vector of canine visceral leishmaniasis. However, in some areas of Brazil where sand flies do not occur, this disease is found in humans and dogs. There has been speculation that ticks might play a role in transmission of canine visceral leishmaniasis and the DNA of Leishmania spp. has been reported in whole ticks. We investigated the presence of Leishmania spp. promastigotes in the intestines, ovaries, and salivary glands of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected from tick-infested dogs in two cities of Brazil. We used 66 dogs that tested positive and 33 that tested negative for Leishmania spp. according to direct cytological examination assays. Ten ticks were collected from each dog and dissected to collect the intestines, ovaries, and salivary glands for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and diagnostic real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IHC results showed Leishmania spp. in 98, 14, and 8 % of the intestines, ovaries, and salivary glands, respectively. Real-time PCR showed that 89, 41, and 33 % of the tick intestine, ovary, and salivary glands, respectively, were positive for Leishmania spp. The verification of promastigotes of Leishmania spp. by two independent techniques in ticks collected from these urban region dogs showed that there is need for clarification of the role of ticks in the transmission of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. RI Melo, Guilherme/E-1691-2012 OI Melo, Guilherme/0000-0003-0747-7760 SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 115 IS 9 BP 3479 EP 3484 DI 10.1007/s00436-016-5111-5 UT WOS:000381996200021 PM 27169724 ER PT J AU Momcilovic, I Pantelic, D Zdravkovic-Korac, S Oljaca, J Rudic, J Fu, JM AF Momcilovic, Ivana Pantelic, Danijel Zdravkovic-Korac, Snezana Oljaca, Jasmina Rudic, Jelena Fu, Jianming TI Heat-induced accumulation of protein synthesis elongation factor 1A implies an important role in heat tolerance in potato SO PLANTA AB Main conclusion Potato eukaryotic elongation factor 1A comprises multiple isoforms, some of which are heat-inducible or heat-upregulated and might be important in alleviating adverse effects of heat stress on plant productivity. Heat stress substantially reduces crop productivity worldwide, and will become more severe due to global warming. Identification of proteins involved in heat stress response may help develop varieties for heat tolerance. Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) is a cytosolic, multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the elongation phase of translation. Some of the non-canonical eEF1A activities might be important in developing plant heat-stress tolerance. In this study, we investigated effects of heat stress (HS) on eEF1A expression at the protein level in potato, a highly heat vulnerable crop. Our results from both the controlled environment and the field have shown that potato eEF1A is a heat-inducible protein of 49.2-kDa with multiple isoforms (5-8). Increase in eEF1A abundance under HS can be mainly attributed to 2-3 basic polypeptides/isoforms. A significant correlation between eEF1A abundance and the potato productivity in the field was observed in two extremely hot years 2011 and 2012. Genomic Southern blot analysis indicated the existence of multiple genes encoding eEF1A in potato. Identification, isolation and utilization of heat-inducible eEF1A genes might be helpful for the development of the heat-tolerant varieties. SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 244 IS 3 BP 671 EP 679 DI 10.1007/s00425-016-2534-2 UT WOS:000382940300012 PM 27116429 ER PT J AU Saenz-Romero, C Lindig-Cisneros, RA Joyce, DG Beaulieu, J St Clairs, JB Jaquish, BC AF Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc Lindig-Cisneros, Roberto A. Joyce, Dennis G. Beaulieu, Jean St Clairs, J. Bradley Jaquish, Barry C. TI Assisted migration of forest populations for adapting trees to climate change SO REVISTA CHAPINGO SERIE CIENCIAS FORESTALES Y DEL AMBIENTE AB We present evidence that climatic change is an ongoing process and that forest tree populations are genetically differentiated for quantitative traits because of adaptation to specific habitats. We discuss in detail indications that the shift of suitable climatic habitat for forest tree species and populations, as a result of rapid climatic change, is likely to cause significant stresses to natural tree populations. Due to the physical limits of natural migration, tree populations will be unable to keep pace with the moving target that their suitable climatic habitat will become. The consequent decoupling between natural populations and the climate for which they are adapted, will likely cause large forest decline, a phenomenon that is already underway in several forests of the world. In order to accommodate climate change, what are our forest management options? What would be the consequences of inaction? We describe and discuss assisted migration, which is the physical realignment of natural populations to the climate for which they are adapted, by reforestation in sites where their suitable climate is predicted to occur in the future, as an active management option with the aim of maintaining healthy tree ecosystems in the future. SN 0186-3231 PD SEP-DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 303 EP 323 DI 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2014.10.052 UT WOS:000382903700005 ER PT J AU Volk, M Bosch, D Nangia, V Narasimhan, B AF Volk, Martin Bosch, David Nangia, Vinay Narasimhan, Balaji TI SWAT: Agricultural water and nonpoint source pollution management at a watershed scale SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 175 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.06.013 PN 1 UT WOS:000382801900001 ER PT J AU Yasarer, LMW Sinnathamby, S Sturm, BSM AF Yasarer, Lindsey M. W. Sinnathamby, Sumathy Sturm, Belinda S. M. TI Impacts of biofuel-based land-use change on water quality and sustainability in a Kansas watershed SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT AB The growth in ethanol production in the United States has sparked interest in potential land-use change and the associated environmental impacts that may occur in order to accommodate the increasing demand for grain feedstocks. In this study water quality and sustainability indicators are used to evaluate the impacts of land-use change to increase corn and grain sorghum acreage for biofuel production in the Perry Lake watershed in northeast Kansas. Water quality indicators include sediment loads per converted land acreage and the relative increase of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and sediment loads compared to the baseline conditions. Sustainability indicators include land-use, water use, and nutrient use efficiencies. Hay, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), and winter wheat were selected as targeted land-uses for conversion to biofuel feedstocks. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate 6 different scenarios, each at 10 land-use change increments, for a total of 60 simulations. Results demonstrate that increased corn production generates significantly greater sediment loads than increased grain sorghum production and larger relative increases in nutrient loads. Expansion of corn or grain sorghum cropland by replacing hay or CRP land-uses resulted in the highest sediment loads and relative increases in nutrient loads. Expansion of corn or grain sorghum by replacing winter wheat cropland produced the lowest relative changes in nutrient and sediment loads and therefore may be a more sustainable land-use change. Corn had a higher yield potential per km(2) compared to grain sorghum, resulting in better land, nutrient and water use efficiencies. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 175 SI SI BP 4 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.05.002 PN 1 UT WOS:000382801900002 ER PT J AU Behrman, KD Norfleet, ML Williams, J AF Behrman, K. D. Norfleet, M. L. Williams, J. TI Methods to estimate plant available water for simulation models SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT AB Agricultural simulation models are increasingly being used in decision support tools at regional and national scales for crop production and water management. These models require hydrologic inputs; in particular plant available water (PAW) is a critical parameter that helps determine if precipitation infiltrates and is stored as soil water, is lost directly to the atmosphere through soil evaporation, or is transported as groundwater flow. Accurate or realistic estimations of PAW for many geographic regions and soil types must be readily available as model input for simulating crop growth and many downstream processes, such as water quality, soil erosion, sediment loss, nutrient/pesticide fate and transport, and greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we present a new algorithm for PAW estimation, termed the BNW algorithm, which was developed primarily based on principles of soil properties. The new BNW algorithm outperformed several commonly used algorithms for overall soil pedon fit and by USDA texture class. The BNW algorithm has the best fit and accuracy on sandy clay and sandy clay loam soils. Incorporation of the BNW algorithm into process based simulation models will improve the accuracy of crop production estimates and environmental impacts estimates at regional and national scales. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 175 SI SI BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.03.009 PN 1 UT WOS:000382801900007 ER PT J AU Blubaugh, CK Hagler, JR Machtley, SA Kaplan, I AF Blubaugh, Carmen K. Hagler, James R. Machtley, Scott A. Kaplan, Ian TI Cover crops increase foraging activity of omnivorous predators in seed patches and facilitate weed biological control SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB Omnivorous predators are key contributors to biocontrol, but the relative importance and interactive effects of ecological variables (e.g., habitat and prey- or plant-based foods) that impact their colonization, abundance, and/or function in crop fields are poorly understood. Here, we use immuno-marking to examine both activity density and consumption by omnivorous ground beetles in response to experimentally manipulated cover, weed seeds, and invertebrate prey. Vegetative cover increased per capita seed predation by 73% compared with bare plots, validating existing correlative evidence that cover crops facilitate weed biocontrol. Interestingly, beetles responded differently to the main effects of seeds and prey. In both years, early season seed presence increased activity-density by 77%, while prey availability never influenced beetle activity. These data suggest that within-field habitat manipulation strategies such as cover crops improve biocontrol, not only by promoting increased activity of omnivores, but also by facilitating their function as seed predators on an individual-level. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 231 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2016.06.045 UT WOS:000382592700027 ER PT J AU Williams, A Davis, AS Ewing, PM Grandy, AS Kane, DA Koide, RT Mortensen, DA Smith, RG Snapp, SS Spokas, KA Yannarell, AC Jordan, NR AF Williams, Alwyn Davis, Adam S. Ewing, Patrick M. Grandy, A. Stuart Kane, Daniel A. Koide, Roger T. Mortensen, David A. Smith, Richard G. Snapp, Sieglinde S. Spokas, Kurt A. Yannarell, Anthony C. Jordan, Nicholas R. TI Precision control of soil nitrogen cycling via soil functional zone management SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB Managing the soil nitrogen (N) cycle is a major component of agricultural sustainability. Soil functional zone management (zonal management) is a novel agroecological strategy for managing row-crop agroecosystems. It may improve the efficiency of soil N cycling compared with conventional and no-tillage approaches, by managing the timing and location (crop row vs inter-row) of key soil N cycling processes. We compared N mineralization and availability during the period of maize peak N demand in crop rows and inter-rows in zonal management and conventional chisel plow tillage systems at four sites across the US Corn Belt over three growing seasons. Under zonal management, potential N mineralization and N availability during crop peak N demand were significantly greater in crop rows, where the majority of crop roots are found, compared with inter-rows. Averaged across all site-years, plant-available N in zonal management crop rows was 46 mg kg(-1) compared with 21 mg kg(-1) in inter-rows. In contrast, in conventional tillage, potential N mineralization and N availability were greater in inter-rows compared with crop rows; averaged across all site-years, plant-available N in conventional tillage crop rows was 24 mg kg(-1) compared with 51 mg kg(-1) in inter-rows. The results demonstrate that the active management of crop residues under zonal management can enhance the spatiotemporal efficiency of soil N cycling processes, by concentrating N mineralization and availability close to crop roots in synchrony with crop developmental needs. Zonal management therefore has potential to increase crop N-use efficiency compared with conventional tillage, and thereby reduce the impacts of row-crop agricultural production on water resources and greenhouse gas emissions that result from N leaching and denitrification. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 231 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.010 UT WOS:000382592700030 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH AF Ziska, Lewis H. TI The role of climate change and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide on weed management: Herbicide efficacy SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB Rising concentrations of carbon dioxide [CO2] and a changing climate will almost certainly affect weed biology and demographics with consequences for crop productivity. The extent of such consequences could be minimal if weed management, particularly the widespread and effective use of herbicides, minimizes any future risk; but, such an outcome assumes that [CO2] or climate change will not affect herbicide efficacy per se. Is this a fair assumption? While additional data are greatly desired, there is sufficient information currently available to begin an initial assessment of both the physical and biological constraints likely to occur before, during and following herbicide application. The assessment provided here, while preliminary, reviews a number of physical and biological interactions that are likely, overall, to significantly reduce herbicide efficacy. These interactions can range from climatic extremes that influence spray coverage and field access to direct effects of [CO2] or temperature on plant biochemistry and morphology. Identification of these mechanisms will be essential to both understand and strengthen weed management strategies associated with rising levels of [CO2] in the context of an uncertain and rapidly changing climate. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 231 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.014 UT WOS:000382592700032 ER PT J AU Miranti, EH Freedman, ND Weinstein, SJ Abnet, CC Selhub, J Murphy, G Diaw, L Mannisto, S Taylor, PR Albanes, D Stolzenberg-Solomon, RZ AF Miranti, Eugenia H. Freedman, Neal D. Weinstein, Stephanie J. Abnet, Christian C. Selhub, Jacob Murphy, Gwen Diaw, Lena Mannisto, Satu Taylor, Philip R. Albanes, Demetrius Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Z. TI Prospective study of serum cysteine and cysteinylglycine and cancer of the head and neck, esophagus, and stomach in a cohort of male smokers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION AB Background: The nonessential amino acid cysteine is known to be involved in many antioxidant and anticarcinogenic pathways. Cysteinylglycine is a pro-oxidant metabolite of glutathione and a precursor of cysteine. Objective: To examine the relation between serum cysteine and cysteinylglycine and risk of gastric adenocarcinomas, esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, we conducted a nested case-control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention study of male Finnish smokers aged 50-69 y at baseline. Design: In total, 170 gastric adenocarcinomas, 68 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and 270 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry) were matched one-to-one with cancer-free control subjects on age and the date of serum collection. We calculated ORs and 95% CIs with the use of a multivariate-adjusted conditional logistic regression. Results: Cysteine had a U-shaped association with gastric adenocarcinomas; a model that included a linear and a squared term had a significant global P-test (P = 0.036). Serum cysteinylglycine was inversely associated with adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia (OR for above the median compared with below the median: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.70; n = 38 cases) but not for other sites. Both cysteine and cysteinylglycine were not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: We observed associations between serum cysteine and cysteinylglycine with upper gastrointestinal cancer risk. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings. RI Abnet, Christian/C-4111-2015 OI Abnet, Christian/0000-0002-3008-7843 SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 104 IS 3 BP 686 EP 693 DI 10.3945/ajcn.115.125799 UT WOS:000382420900020 PM 27534643 ER PT J AU Greenlee, MHW Lind, M Kokemuller, R Mammadova, N Kondru, N Manne, S Smith, J Kanthasamy, A Greenlee, J AF Greenlee, M. Heather West Lind, Melissa Kokemuller, Robyn Mammadova, Najiba Kondru, Naveen Manne, Sireesha Smith, Jodi Kanthasamy, Anumantha Greenlee, Justin TI Temporal Resolution of Misfolded Prion Protein Transport, Accumulation, Glial Activation, and Neuronal Death in the Retinas of Mice Inoculated with Scrapie SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY AB Currently, there is a lack of pathological landmarks to describe the progression of prion disease in vivo. Our goal was to use an experimental model to determine the temporal relationship between the transport of misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) from the brain to the retina, the accumulation of PrPSc in the retina, the response of the surrounding retinal tissue, and loss of neurons. Retinal samples from mice inoculated with RML scrapie were collected at 30, 60, 90, 105, and 120 days post inoculation (dpi) or at the onset of clinical signs of disease (153 dpi). Retinal homogenates were tested for prion seeding activity. Antibody staining was used to assess accumulation of PrPSc and the resulting response of retinal tissue. Loss of photoreceptors was used as a measure of neuronal death. PrPSc seeding activity was first detected in all samples at 60 dpi. Accumulation of PrPSc and coincident activation of retinal glia were first detected at 90 dpi. Activation of microglia was first detected at 105 dpi, but neuronal death was not detectable until 120 dpi. Our results demonstrate that by using the retina we can resolve the temporal separation between several key events in the pathogenesis of prion disease. SN 0002-9440 EI 1525-2191 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 186 IS 9 BP 2302 EP 2309 DI 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.05.018 UT WOS:000382595200009 ER PT J AU Allen, DK AF Allen, Doug K. TI Assessing compartmentalized flux in lipid metabolism with isotopes SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS AB Metabolism in plants takes place across multiple cell types and within distinct organelles. The distributions equate to spatial heterogeneity; though the limited means to experimentally assess metabolism frequently involve homogenizing tissues and mixing metabolites from different locations. Most current isotope investigations of metabolism therefore lack the ability to resolve spatially distinct events. Recognition of this limitation has resulted in inspired efforts to advance metabolic flux analysis and isotopic labeling techniques. Though a number of these efforts have been applied to studies in central metabolism; recent advances in instrumentation and techniques present an untapped opportunity to make similar progress in lipid metabolism where the use of stable isotopes has been more limited. These efforts will benefit from sophisticated radiolabeling reports that continue to enrich our knowledge on lipid biosynthetic pathways and provide some direction for stable isotope experimental design and extension of MFA. Evidence for this assertion is presented through the review of several elegant stable isotope studies and by taking stock of what has been learned from radioisotope investigations when spatial aspects of metabolism were considered. The studies emphasize that glycerolipid production occurs across several locations with assembly of lipids in the ER or plastid, fatty acid biosynthesis occurring in the plastid, and the generation of acetyl-CoA and glycerol-3-phosphate taking place at multiple sites. Considering metabolism in this context underscores the cellular and subcellular organization that is important to enhanced production of glycerolipids in plants. An attempt is made to unify salient features from a number of reports into a diagrammatic model of lipid metabolism and propose where stable isotope labeling experiments and further flux analysis may help address questions in the field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner. Published by Elsevier B.V. RI Allen, Doug/M-2836-2013 OI Allen, Doug/0000-0001-8599-8946 SN 1388-1981 EI 0006-3002 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 1861 IS 9 SI SI BP 1226 EP 1242 DI 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.017 PN B UT WOS:000381533900004 PM 27003250 ER PT J AU Yarwood, SA Baldwin, AH Mateu, MG Buyer, JS AF Yarwood, S. A. Baldwin, A. H. Mateu, M. Gonzalez Buyer, J. S. TI Archaeal rhizosphere communities differ between the native and invasive lineages of the wetland plant Phragmites australis (common reed) in a Chesapeake Bay subestuary SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AB Phragmites australis is a common wetland plant species worldwide and best known in North America as a persistent invasive species. Only in recent decades was a native lineage, Phragmites australis subsp. americanus, confirmed in North American wetlands. This study investigated whether the two lineages support unique microbial communities in the rhizosphere. Paired stands of the native and invasive lineages were sampled at four locations across a Chesapeake Bay subestuary to assess differences in soil chemical parameters and the microbial community. Microbial characterization included quantification of genes coding for bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA, archaeal ammonia-monooxygenase, methane coenzyme A, and particulate methane-monooxygenase. These gene targets helped quantify bacterial biomass, archaeal biomass, ammonia-oxidizers, methanogens, and methane oxidizers, respectively. Bacterial and archaeal community composition was determined by creating terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles of the 16S rRNA, and bacterial and fungal composition was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid profiles. Bacterial biomass and composition did not differ between the two lineages, but significant differences were observed in archaeal community composition. There were significantly more copies of archaeal 16S rRNA genes in invasive (1.8 x 10(8) g(-1) soil) compared to native (7.2 x 10(7) g(-1) soil) lineages (P = 0.04) and composition profiles were significantly different according to PerMANOVA (P = 0.006). Phospholipid fatty acid profiles also differed between invasive and native lineages (P = 0.023). These findings support other studies that have noted the ability of native and invasive Phragmites to differentially affect soil biogeochemistry and suggest that archaea in the rhizosphere of wetland plants may be more sensitive to plant variation than bacteria. SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 18 IS 9 SI SI BP 2717 EP 2728 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1144-z UT WOS:000382136500024 ER PT J AU Jang, W Keyes, CR Page-Dumroese, DS AF Jang, Woongsoon Keyes, Christopher R. Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. TI Recovery and diversity of the forest shrub community 38 years after biomass harvesting in the northern Rocky Mountains SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY AB We investigated the long-term impact of biomass utilization on shrub recovery, species composition, and biodiversity 38 years after harvesting at Coram Experimental Forest in northwestern Montana. Three levels of biomass removal intensity (high, medium, and low) treatments combined with prescribed burning treatment were nested within three regeneration harvest treatments (shelterwood, group selection, and clearcut). Four shrub biomass surveys (pre-treatment, 2, 10, and 38 years after treatment) were conducted. Shrub biomass for all treatment units 38 years after treatment exceeded the pretreatment level, and biomass utilization intensity did not affect shrub recovery (ratio of dry biomass at time t to pre-treatment biomass). Species composition changed immediately after harvesting (2 years); however, the species composition of treated units did not differ from the untreated control 38 years after harvesting. Biodiversity indices (Shannon's and Pielou's indices) also decreased immediately following harvesting, but recovered 10 years after harvesting. The responses of diversity indices over time differed among biomass utilization levels with the high-utilization level and unburned treatment producing the most even and diverse species assemblages 38 years after harvesting. Our results indicate the shrub community is quite resilient to biomass harvesting in this forest type. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Jang, Woongsoon/0000-0001-7727-5342 SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 92 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.06.009 UT WOS:000382528500012 ER PT J AU Koch, FH Presfemon, JP Donovan, GH Hinkley, EA Chase, JM AF Koch, Frank H. Presfemon, Jeffrey P. Donovan, Geoffrey H. Hinkley, Everett A. Chase, John M. TI Predicting cannabis cultivation on national forests using a rational choice framework SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS AB Government agencies in the United States eradicated 10.3 million cannabis plants in 2010. Most (94%) of these plants were outdoor-grown, and 46% of those were discovered on federal lands, primarily on national forests in California, Oregon, and Washington. We developed models that reveal how drug markets, policies, and environmental conditions affect grow siting decisions. The models were built on a rational choice theoretical structure, and utilized data describing 2322 cannabis grow locations (2004-2012) and 9324 absence locations in the states' national forests. Predictor variables included cannabis market prices, law enforcement density, and socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental variables. We also used the models to construct regional maps of grow site likelihood. Significant predictors included marijuana street price and variables associated with grow site productivity (e.g., elevation and proximity to water), production costs, and risk of discovery. Overall, the pattern of grow site establishment on national forests is consistent with rational choice theory. In particular, growers consider cannabis prices and law enforcement when selecting sites. Ongoing adjustments in state cannabis laws could affect cultivation decisions on national forests. Any changes in cannabis policies can be reflected in our models to allow agencies to redirect interdiction resources and potentially increase discovery success. Published by Elsevier B.V. OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 129 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.06.013 UT WOS:000382350400017 ER PT J AU Chavez, E He, ZL Stoffella, PJ Mylavarapu, R Li, Y Baligar, VC AF Chavez, E. He, Z. L. Stoffella, P. J. Mylavarapu, R. Li, Y. Baligar, V. C. TI Evaluation of soil amendments as a remediation alternative for cadmium-contaminated soils under cacao plantations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB Elevated plant-available cadmium (Cd) in soils results in contamination to cacao (Theobroma cacao L) beans. Effectiveness of vermicompost and zeolite in reducing available Cd in three cacao-growing soils was studied under laboratory conditions. Sorption-desorption experiments were conducted in soils and amendments. Cadmium was added at 0 or 5 mg kg(-1) (spiked), then, amendments were incorporated at 0, 0.5, or 2 %. Amended soils were incubated at room temperature for 28 days. Plant-available Cd was determined using 0.01 M CaCl2 (WSE) and Mehlich 3 (M3) extraction procedures in subsamples taken from individual bags at six time intervals. Soils and amendments displayed different sorption characteristics and a better fit was attained with Freundlich model (R (2) > 0.82). Amendments were ineffective in reducing extractable Cd in non-spiked soils. In Cd-spiked soils, vermicompost at 2 % significantly reduced WSE-Cd (P < 0.01) from 3.36, 0.54, and 0.38 mg kg(-1) to values lower that instrument's detection in all the three soils and significantly diminished M3-extractable Cd (P < 0.05) from 4.62 to 4.11 mg kg(-1) in only one soil. Vermicompost at 0.5 % significantly decreased WSE-Cd (P < 0.01) from 3.04 and 0.31 to 1.69 and 0.20 mg kg(-1), respectively, in two soils with low sorption capacity for Cd. In contrast, zeolite failed to reduce WSE- or M3-extractable Cd in all studied soils. A negative correlation occurred between soil pH and WSE-Cd (r > -0.89, P < 0.01). The decrease in WSE-Cd appears to be associated with the increase in pH of the vermicompost-amended soils. RI He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 23 IS 17 BP 17571 EP 17580 DI 10.1007/s11356-016-6931-7 UT WOS:000382674800063 PM 27234831 ER PT J AU Zhao, BZ Zhang, JB Yu, YY Karlen, DL Hao, XY AF Zhao, Bingzi Zhang, Jiabao Yu, Yueyue Karlen, Douglas L. Hao, Xiying TI Crop residue management and fertilization effects on soil organic matter and associated biological properties SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB Returning crop residue may result in nutrient reduction in soil in the first few years. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess whether this negative effect is alleviated by improved crop residue management (CRM). Nine treatments (3 CRM and 3 N fertilizer rates) were used. The CRM treatments were (1) R0: 100 % of the N using mineral fertilizer with no crop residues return; (2) R: crop residue plus mineral fertilizer as for the R0; and (3) Rc: crop residue plus 83 % of the N using mineral and 17 % manure fertilizer. Each CRM received N fertilizer rates at 270, 360, and 450 kg N ha(-1) year(-1). At the end of the experiment, soil NO3-N was reduced by 33 % from the R relative to the R0 treatment, while the Rc treatment resulted in a 21 to 44 % increase in occluded particulate organic C and N, and 80 A degrees C extracted dissolved organic N, 19 to 32 % increase in microbial biomass C and protease activity, and higher monounsaturated phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA):saturated PLFA ratio from stimulating growth of indigenous bacteria when compared with the R treatment. Principal component analysis showed that the Biolog and PLFA profiles in the three CRM treatments were different from each other. Overall, these properties were not influenced by the used N fertilizer rates. Our results indicated that application of 17 % of the total N using manure in a field with crop residues return was effective for improving potential plant N availability and labile soil organic matter, primarily due to a shift in the dominant microorganisms. OI Hao, Xiying/0000-0001-6410-9652 SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 23 IS 17 BP 17581 EP 17591 DI 10.1007/s11356-016-6927-3 UT WOS:000382674800064 PM 27234834 ER PT J AU Rector, BG Czarnoleski, M Skoracka, A Lembicz, M AF Rector, Brian G. Czarnoleski, Marcin Skoracka, Anna Lembicz, Marlena TI Change in abundance of three phytophagous mite species (Acari: Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae) on quackgrass in the presence of choke disease SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY AB Phytophagous mites and endophytic fungi may interact when sharing a host plant, potentially influencing one another's growth or population dynamics; however, interactions between them are poorly known and remain largely unexplored. In this study, quantitative associations between three species of phytophagous mites and the endophytic fungus EpichloA << bromicola Leuchtm. & Schardl (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycotina) on quackgrass, Elymus repens (L.) Gould are reported. The mites' abundance was assessed on field-collected grass shoots that were either exhibiting choke disease symptoms or without the fungus. Overall, the abundance of Tetranychus urticae and Aculodes mckenziei was significantly lower on quackgrass plants infected by E. bromicola compared to plants without the fungus. Conversely, populations of Abacarus hystrix were significantly larger on plants colonised by the fungus than on uninfected plants. Thus, the presence of this endophytic fungus may have divergent effects on different phytophagous mite species although the basis of these effects is not yet known. OI Skoracka, Anna/0000-0002-9485-532X SN 0168-8162 EI 1572-9702 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s10493-016-0060-3 UT WOS:000382391400003 PM 27388448 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Babish, JG Pacioretty, LM Kramer, M AF Carroll, J. F. Babish, J. G. Pacioretty, L. M. Kramer, M. TI Repellency to ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of extracts of Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae) and the anti-inflammatory DogsBestFriend (TM) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY AB Motivated by observations that the canine anti-inflammatory cream DogsBestFriend (TM) (DBF) appeared to deter flies, mosquitoes, and ticks from treated animals, repellent efficacy bioassays using four species of ticks were conducted with three extracts of Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae), a constituent of DBF. The DBF cream was tested against nymphs of lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). In vertical filter paper assays, the three extracts applied at 0.413 mg extract/cm(2) filter paper repelled 96.7-100 % of brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) nymphs, whereas, at the same rate, only one extract repelled > 90 % A. americanum nymphs. Adult (mixed sexes) American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), required a higher concentration to be repelled effectively; two extracts, applied at 0.827 mg extract/cm(2) filter paper, repelled aeyen90 % of the D. variabilis. In contrast, all extracts applied at much lower concentration (0.206 mg extract/cm(2) filter paper) repelled 100 % adult blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say (only females tested). Of the two more repellent extracts, one lost most of its activity against A. americanum nymphs in < 4 h when applied at 0.827 mg extract/cm(2) filter paper, whereas the other repelled 66.7 % of the nymphs at 192 h after application. At 0.206 mg extract/cm(2) filter paper, one extract was as repellent as deet against A. americanum nymphs. In a vertical bioassay in which nylon organdy was substituted for filter paper, DBF, at the rates of 1.67 and 0.835 mg cream/cm(2), repelled 76.7 and 30.0 % A. americanum nymphs, respectively. These findings indicate that when applied appropriately DBF should afford some protection to canines against tick bites. SN 0168-8162 EI 1572-9702 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s10493-016-0058-x UT WOS:000382391400008 PM 27394440 ER PT J AU Taylor, JM Back, JA Brooks, BW King, RS AF Taylor, Jason M. Back, Jeffrey A. Brooks, Bryan W. King, Ryan S. TI Consumer-mediated nutrient recycling is influenced by interactions between nutrient enrichment and the antimicrobial agent triclosan SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE AB The fate and transport of triclosan (5-chloro-2-[2,4-dichlorophenoxy]phenol), a widely used antimicrobial agent in personal care products, in aquatic ecosystems is a growing environmental concern. At ecosystem scales, triclosan potentially interacts with co-occurring nutrient stressors to affect overall biogeochemical cycling through consumer-mediated nutrient recycling pathways. We examined N- and P-excretion rates of snails (Physella spp.) in 12 outdoor experimental stream mesocosms dosed with 3 P treatments crossed with 3 triclosan treatments and a methanol carrier control. Snail N- and P-excretion rates increased with decreasing periphyton C:N and C: P ratios across the P-enrichment gradient. N- and P-excretion rates were significantly higher in the high-triclosan than in the methanol control treatments on day 14, but only in high-P-enrichment streams. However, methanol had positive effects on N- and P-excretion rates in low- and high-P-enrichment treatments compared to nonsolvent controls, but no effect at background P concentrations. Multiple inferences can be drawn from our study. First, whereas many investigators have confirmed that using methanol as a carrier below established regulatory levels does not influence laboratory and mesocosm ecotoxicology responses, our results suggest that low-level methanol concentrations can influence measures of ecosystem function. Second, higher use of triclosan and other antimicrobial agents in commercial products coupled with predicted urbanization and surface water shortages in the future have the potential to increase triclosan concentrations and shift patterns in consumer mediated nutrient cycling in aquatic systems because of interactive effects of antimicrobial agents and nutrient enrichment. RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852 SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 35 IS 3 BP 856 EP 872 DI 10.1086/687838 UT WOS:000381446500009 ER PT J AU Pryce, JE Gaddis, KLP Koeck, A Bastin, C Abdelsayed, M Gengler, N Miglior, F Heringstad, B Egger-Danner, C Stock, KF Bradley, AJ Cole, JB AF Pryce, J. E. Gaddis, K. L. Parker Koeck, A. Bastin, C. Abdelsayed, M. Gengler, N. Miglior, F. Heringstad, B. Egger-Danner, C. Stock, K. F. Bradley, A. J. Cole, J. B. TI Invited review: Opportunities for genetic improvement of metabolic diseases SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB Metabolic disorders are disturbances to one or more of the metabolic processes in dairy cattle. Dysfunction of any of these processes is associated with the manifestation of metabolic diseases or disorders. In this review, data recording, incidences, genetic parameters, predictors, and status of genetic evaluations were examined for (1) ketosis, (2) displaced abomasum, (3) milk fever, and (4) tetany, as these are the most prevalent metabolic diseases where published genetic parameters are available. The reported incidences of clinical cases of metabolic disorders are generally low (less than 10% of cows are recorded as having a metabolic disease per herd per year or parity/lactation). Heritability estimates are also low and are typically less than 5%. Genetic correlations between metabolic traits are mainly positive, indicating that selection to improve one of these diseases is likely to have a positive effect on the others. Furthermore, there may also be opportunities to select for general disease resistance in terms of metabolic stability. Although there is inconsistency in published genetic correlation estimates between milk yield and metabolic traits, selection for milk yield may be expected to lead to a deterioration in metabolic disorders. Under-recording and difficulty in diagnosing subclinical cases are among the reasons why interest is growing in using easily measurable predictors of metabolic diseases, either recorded on-farm by using sensors and milk tests or off-farm using data collected from routine milk recording. Some countries have already initiated genetic evaluations of metabolic disease traits and currently most of these use clinical observations of disease. However, there are opportunities to use clinical diseases in addition to predictor traits and genomic information to strengthen genetic evaluations for metabolic health in the future. OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 9 BP 6855 EP 6873 DI 10.3168/jds.2016-10854 UT WOS:000381326400002 PM 27372587 ER PT J AU Cole, JB Null, DJ VanRaden, PM AF Cole, J. B. Null, D. J. VanRaden, P. M. TI Phenotypic and genetic effects of recessive haplotypes on yield, longevity, and fertility SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB Phenotypes from the August 2015 US national genetic evaluation were used to compute phenotypic effects of 18 recessive haplotypes in Ayrshire (n = 1), Brown Swiss (n = 5), Holstein (n = 10), and Jersey (n = 2) cattle on milk, fat, and protein yields, somatic cell score (SCS), single-trait productive life (FL), daughter pregnancy rate (DPR), heifer conception rate (HCR), and cow conception rate (CCR). The haplotypes evaluated were Ayrshire haplotype 1, Brown Swiss haplotypes 1 and 2, spinal dysmyelination, spinal muscular atrophy, Weaver Syndrome, brachyspina, Holstein cholesterol deficiency, Holstein haplotypes 1 to 5, bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency, complex vertebral malformation, mulefoot (syndactyly), and Jersey haplotypes 1 and 2. When causal variants are unknown and tests are based only on single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes, it can sometimes be difficult to accurately determine carrier status. For example, 2 Holstein haplotypes for cholesterol deficiency have the same single nucleotide polymorphism genotype, but only one of them carries the causative mutation. Genotyped daughters of carrier bulls included in the analysis ranged from 8 for Weaver Syndrome to 17,869 for Holstein haplotype 3. Lactation records preadjusted for nongenetic factors and direct genomic values (DGV) were used to estimate phenotypic and genetic effects of recessive haplotypes, respectively. We found no phenotypic or genetic differences between carriers and noncarriers of Ayrshire or Brown Swiss defects. Several associations were noted for Holstein haplotypes, including fat and HCR for Holstein haplotype 0 carriers; milk, protein, SCS, PL, and fertility for Holstein haplotype 1; protein, PL, CCR, and HCR for Holstein haplotype 2; milk, protein, and fertility for Holstein haplotype 4; and protein yield and DPR for Holstein haplotype 5. There were no differences among bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency carriers, but complex vertebral malformation affected fat yield and mulefoot carriers had higher SCS and lower PL DGV. Jersey haplotype 1 was not associated with any phenotypic effects, but we noted significant differences among DGV for fat, protein, PL, DPR, CCR, and HCR. Jersey haplotype 2 was associated only with lower phenotypic CCR. Effects of the recessive haplotypes on other traits studied generally were small even when significant. Almost $11 million of economic losses per year due to reduced fertility and perinatal calf death in the US population can be avoided by selecting mate pairs that will not produce affected embryos. Carrier animals may continue to be selected if the merit of their favorable alleles exceeds the loss from their recessive alleles, but carrier bulls can be generally avoided without reducing the average genetic merit of the sires available for mating. OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 9 BP 7274 EP 7288 DI 10.3168/jds.2015-10777 UT WOS:000381326400039 PM 27394947 ER PT J AU Baldwin, RL Capuco, AV Evock-Clover, CM Grossi, P Choudhary, RK Vanzant, ES Elsasser, TH Bertoni, G Trevisi, E Aiken, GE McLeod, KR AF Baldwin, Ransom L. Capuco, Anthony V. Evock-Clover, Christina M. Grossi, Paolo Choudhary, Ratan K. Vanzant, Eric S. Elsasser, Theodore H. Bertoni, Giuseppe Trevisi, Erminio Aiken, Glen E. McLeod, Kyle R. TI Consumption of endophyte-infected fescue seed during the dry period does not decrease milk production in the following lactation SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB Ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected grasses inhibit prolactin (PRL) secretion and may reduce milk production of cows consuming these grasses. We investigated the effects of consuming endophyte-infected fescue seed during late lactation and the dry period on mammary growth, differentiation, and milk production. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups. Starting at 90 +/- 4 d prepartum, cows were fed endophyte-free fescue seed (control; CON), endophyte-free fescue seed plus 3x/wk subcutaneous injections of bromocriptine (0.1 mg/kg of body weight, positive control; BROMO), or endophyte-infected fescue seed (INF) as 10% of the diet on an as fed basis. Although milk yield of groups did not differ before treatment, at dry off (-60 d prepartum) INF and BROMO cows produced less milk than CON. Throughout the treatment period, basal concentrations of PRL and the prepartum increase in plasma PRL were reduced in INF and BROMO cows compared with CON cows. Three weeks after the end of treatment, circulating concentrations of PRL were equivalent across groups. In the subsequent lactation milk yield was not decreased; in fact, BROMO cows exhibited a 9% increase in milk yield relative to CON. Evaluation of mammary tissue during the dry period and the subsequent lactation, by quantitative histology and immunohistochemical analysis of proliferation markers and putative mammary stem or progenitor cell markers, indicated that feeding endophyte-infected fescue seed did not significantly affect mammary growth and development. Feeding endophyte-infected grasses during the dry period may permit effective utilization of feed resources without compromising milk production in the next lactation. SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 9 BP 7574 EP 7589 DI 10.3168/jds.2016-10993 UT WOS:000381326400067 PM 27320660 ER PT J AU Tanaka, K Arita, S AF Tanaka, Kiyoyasu Arita, Shawn TI Does policy reform promote FDI in developing economies? a firm-level simulation approach SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM AB How do policy reforms for foreign investors in developing economies affect inward foreign direct investment? Using a firm heterogeneity model calibrated to match data on Japanese multinational firms, we simulate how multinationals respond to a decline in investment procedure days. We find that such policy reforms in investment procedures significantly increase the aggregate entries and sales of multinational firms in developing economies, with the more pronounced impact at the extensive margin than at the intensive margin. At the firm level, declining entry costs encourage more productive firms to invest in a wider range of markets although such impacts are modest for the most productive firms that already penetrate many markets. The impacts on foreign sales per multinational firm are less clear-cut in magnitude across productivity levels in part because falling entry costs directly increase multinational entry to developing economies, but only indirectly encourage their existing production in these markets. SN 1748-7870 EI 1748-7889 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 19 IS 3 BP 281 EP 304 DI 10.1080/17487870.2015.1100083 UT WOS:000382172600006 ER PT J AU Verma, SK Minicucci, L Murphy, D Carstensen, M Humpal, C Wolf, P Calero-Bernal, R Cerqueira-Cezar, CK Kwok, OCH Su, CL Hill, D Dubey, JP AF Verma, Shiv K. Minicucci, Larissa Murphy, Darby Carstensen, Michelle Humpal, Carolin Wolf, Paul Calero-Bernal, Rafael Cerqueira-Cezar, Camila K. Kwok, Oliver C. H. Su, Chunlei Hill, Dolores Dubey, Jitender P. TI Antibody Detection and Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Bobcats (Lynx rufus), Domestic Cats (Felis catus), and Wildlife from Minnesota, USA SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY AB Little is known of the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Minnesota. Here, we evaluated Toxoplasma gondii infection in 50 wild bobcats ( Lynx rufus) and 75 other animals on/near 10 cattle farms. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed in serum samples or tissue fluids by the modified agglutination test ( MAT, cut-off 1: 25). Twenty nine of 50 bobcats and 15 of 41 wildlife trapped on the vicinity of 10 farms and nine of 16 adult domestic cats ( Felis catus) and six of 14 domestic dogs resident on farms were seropositive. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were not found in feces of any felid. Tissues of all seropositive wild animals trapped on the farm were bioassayed in mice and viable T. gondii was isolated from two badgers ( Taxidea taxus), two raccoons ( Procyon lotor), one coyote ( Canis latrans), and one opossum ( Didelphis virginiana). All six T. gondii isolates were further propagated in cell culture. Multi-locus PCR-RFLP genotyping using 10 markers ( SAG1, SAG2 ( 5'-3'SAG2, and alt.SAG2), SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico), and DNA from cell culture derived tachyzoites revealed three genotypes; # 5 ToxoDataBase ( 1 coyote, 1 raccoon), # 1 ( 1 badger, 1 raccoon, 1 opossum), and # 2 ( 1 badger). This is the first report of T. gondii prevalence in domestic cats and in bobcats from Minnesota, and the first isolation of viable T. gondii from badger. SN 1066-5234 EI 1550-7408 PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 63 IS 5 BP 567 EP 571 DI 10.1111/jeu.12301 UT WOS:000382492500003 PM 26824935 ER PT J AU Kang, KM Merwade, V Chun, JA Timlin, D AF Kang, Kwangmin Merwade, Venkatesh Chun, Jong Ahn Timlin, Dennis TI Flexibility on storage-release based distributed hydrologic modeling with object-oriented approach SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY AB With the availability of advanced hydrologic data in public domain such as remote sensed and climate change scenario data, there is a need for a modeling framework that is capable of using these data to simulate and extend hydrologic processes with multidisciplinary approaches for sustainable water resources management. To address this need, a storage-release based distributed hydrologic model,(STORE DHM) is developed based on an object-oriented approach. The model is tested for demonstrating model flexibility and extensibility to know how to well integrate object-oriented approach to further hydrologic research issues, e.g., reconstructing missing precipitation in this study, without changing its main frame. Moreover, the STORE DHM is applied to simulate hydrological processes with multiple classes in the Nanticoke watershed. This study also describes a conceptual and structural framework of object oriented inheritance and aggregation characteristics under the STORE DHM. In addition, NearestMP (missing value estimation based on nearest neighborhood regression) and KerneIMP (missing value estimation based on Kernel Function) are proposed for evaluating STORE DHM flexibility. And then, STORE DHM runoff hydrographs compared with NearestMP and KemeIMP runoff hydrographs. Overall results from these comparisons show promising hydrograph outputs generated by the proposed two classes. Consequently, this study suggests that STORE DHM with an object-oriented approach will be a comprehensive water resources modeling tools by adding additional classes for toward developing through its flexibility and extensibility. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 540 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.009 UT WOS:000382269500002 ER PT J AU Song, LS Kustas, WP Liu, SM Colaizzi, PD Nieto, H Xu, ZW Ma, YF Li, MS Xu, TR Agam, N Tolk, JA Evett, SR AF Song, Lisheng Kustas, William P. Liu, Shaomin Colaizzi, Paul D. Nieto, Hector Xu, Ziwei Ma, Yanfei Li, Mingsong Xu, Tongren Agam, Nurit Tolk, Judy A. Evett, Steven R. TI Applications of a thermal-based two-source energy balance model using Priestley-Taylor approach for surface temperature partitioning under advective conditions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY AB In this study ground measured soil and vegetation component temperatures and composite temperature from a high spatial resolution thermal camera and a network of thermal-IR sensors collected in an irrigated maize field and in an irrigated cotton field are used to assess and refine the component temperature partitioning approach in the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model. A refinement to TSEB using a non iterative approach based on the application of the Priestley-Taylor formulation for surface temperature partitioning and estimating soil evaporation from soil moisture observations under advective conditions (TSEB-A) was developed. This modified TSEB formulation improved the agreement between observed and modeled soil and vegetation temperatures. In addition, the TSEB-A model output of evapotranspiration (ET) and the components evaporation (E), transpiration (T) when compared to ground observations using the stable isotopic method and eddy covariance (EC) technique from the Hi WATER experiment and with microlysimeters and a large monolithic weighing lysimeter from the BEAREX08 experiment showed good agreement. Difference between the modeled and measured ET measurements were less than 10% and 20% on a daytime basis for Hi WATER and BEAREX08 data sets, respectively. The TSEB-A model was found to accurately reproduce the temporal dynamics of E, T and ET over a full growing season under the advective conditions existing for these irrigated crops located in arid/semi-arid climates. With satellite data this TSEB-A modeling framework could potentially be used as a tool for improving water use efficiency and conservation practices in water limited regions. However, TSEB-A requires soil moisture information which is not currently available routinely from satellite at the field scale. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI rslab, hiwater/O-7037-2015 SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 540 BP 574 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.034 UT WOS:000382269500045 ER PT J AU Rice, JS Emanuel, RE Vose, JM AF Rice, Joshua S. Emanuel, Ryan E. Vose, James M. TI The influence of watershed characteristics on spatial patterns of trends in annual scale streamflow variability in the continental US SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY AB As human activity and climate variability alter the movement of water through the environment the need to better understand hydrologic cycle responses to these changes has grown. A reasonable starting point for gaining such insight is studying changes in streamflow given the importance of streamflow as a source of renewable freshwater. Using a wavelet assisted method we analyzed trends in the magnitude of annual scale streamflow variability from 967 watersheds in the continental U.S. (CONUS) over a 70 year period (1940-2009). Decreased annual variability was the dominant pattern at the CONUS scale. Ecoregion scale results agreed with the CONUS pattern with the exception of two ecoregions closely divided between increases and decreases and one where increases dominated. A comparison of trends in reference and non-reference watersheds indicated that trend magnitudes in non-reference watersheds were significantly larger than those in reference watersheds. Boosted regression tree (BRT) models were used to study the relationship between watershed characteristics and the magnitude of trends in stream-flow. At the CONUS scale, the balance between precipitation and evaporative demand, and measures of geographic location were of high relative importance. Relationships between the magnitude of trends and watershed characteristics at the ecoregion scale exhibited differences from the CONUS results and substantial variability was observed among ecoregions. Additionally, the methodology used here has the potential to serve as a robust framework for top-down, data driven analyses of the relationships between changes in the hydrologic cycle and the spatial context within which those changes occur. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Emanuel, Ryan/C-3796-2012; OI Emanuel, Ryan/0000-0002-2166-1698; Rice, Joshua/0000-0003-2166-9857 SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 540 BP 850 EP 860 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.07.006 UT WOS:000382269500066 ER PT J AU Stevanovic, J Schwarz, RS Vejnovic, B Evans, JD Irwin, RE Glavinic, U Stanimirovic, Z AF Stevanovic, Jevrosima Schwarz, Ryan S. Vejnovic, Branislav Evans, Jay D. Irwin, Rebecca E. Glavinic, Uros Stanimirovic, Zoran TI Species-specific diagnostics of Apis mellifera trypanosomatids: A nine-year survey (2007-2015) for trypanosomatids and microsporidians in Serbian honey bees SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY AB In this study, honey bees collected in Serbia over 9 consecutive years (2007-2015) were retrospectively surveyed to determine the prevalence of eukaryotic gut parasites by molecular screening of archival DNA samples. We developed species-specific primers for PCR to detect the two known honey bee trypanosomatid species, Crithidia mellificae and the recently described Lotmaria passim. These primers were validated for target specificity under single and mixed-species conditions as well as against the bumblebee trypanosomatid Crithidia bombi. Infections by Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia) were also determined using PCR. Samples from 162 colonies (18 from each year) originating from 57 different localities were surveyed. L. passim was detected in every year with an overall frequency of 62.3% and annual frequencies ranging from 38.9% to 83.3%. This provides the earliest confirmed record to date for L. passim and the first report of this species in Serbia. N. ceranae was ubiquitous, occurring in every year and at 95.7% overall frequency, ranging annually from 83.3% to 100%. The majority of colonies (60.5%) were co-infected with L. passim and N. ceranae, but colony infections by each species were statistically independent of one another over the nine years. Although C. mellificae and N. apis have both been reported recently at low frequency in Europe, neither of these species was detected in Serbia. These results support the hypothesis that L. passim has predominated over C mellificae in A. mellifera during the past decade. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. OI Schwarz, Ryan/0000-0001-8387-3250; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 139 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2016.07.001 UT WOS:000382712500002 PM 27392956 ER PT J AU Acosta, RIT Humber, RA Sanchez-Pena, SR AF Torres Acosta, Reyna Ivonne Humber, Richard A. Sanchez-Pena, Sergio R. TI Zoophthora radicans (Entomophthorales), a fungal pathogen of Bagrada hilaris and Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae and Triozidae): Prevalence, pathogenicity, and interplay of environmental influence, morphology, and sequence data on fungal identification SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY AB The exotic bagrada bug or painted bug, Bagrada hilaris, and the native potato/tomato psyllid, Bactericera (=Paratrioza) cockerelli, are key pests of horticulture in western North America. In 2014-2015, adult and juvenile B. hilaris and B. cockerelli killed by fungi in the genus Zoophthora were detected near Saltillo, northeastern Mexico. We report the field prevalence and observations of Zoophthora on these hosts. The morphology and growth characteristics of field-collected specimens and pure in vitro cultures, as well as molecular markers (ITS1 and ITS4) were analyzed to identify these Zoophthora populations. Although there were morphological spore differences detected among field collections from both insect hosts, the fungi causing these mycoses can be identified as the same species (Zoophthora radicans), according to morphometric data from in vitro cultures (where differences observed in field material were attenuated) and sequence data (96-99% identity for ITS1 and 4). These results underscore the plasticity of field collections and in vitro cultures, and the relevance of comprehensive morphological and molecular analysis from cultures under standard conditions. Dose-response bioassays were conducted with one Z. radicans strain against bagrada bug nymphs. Exposure to conidial showers from cultures induced 30-90% mortality. This is the first report of a natural enemy of bagrada bug in Mexico, and the first published report of entomophthoralean fungi naturally attacking bagrada bugs and potato psyllids. Z. radicans should be further investigated as a tool in the biological control of hemipterans. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 139 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2016.07.017 UT WOS:000382712500012 ER PT J AU Montalva, C Rocha, LFN Fernandes, EKK Luz, C Humber, RA AF Montalva, Cristian Rocha, Luiz F. N. Fernandes, Everton K. K. Luz, Christian Humber, Richard A. TI Conidiobolus macrosporus (Entomophthorales), a mosquito pathogen in Central Brazil SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY AB A new fungal pathogen of Culicinae (Diptera: Culicidae) adults, Conidiobolus macrosporus (Entomophthorales: Ancylistaceae), was detected and isolated during a survey of mosquito pathogens close to the city of Aruand, Goias State, in December 2014. The morphological characteristics of C. macrosporus are presented, and reasons for some uncertainty about this identification are discussed. The pathogenicity and high virulence of this fungus for Aedes aegypti were confirmed in laboratory conditions. Mortality of adults exposed to conidia was observed within 24 h of exposure to the pathogen, and increased to 100% as quickly as 3 days after inoculation (with the highest conidial concentration tested, 8.3 x 10(4) conidia/cm(2)). Repeated attempts to obtain genomic sequence data failed despite confirmations that the DNA extraction methods were themselves successful. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. RI Gesseff, Ednilson/A-3019-2017; Fernandes, Everton/I-4890-2012; OI Fernandes, Everton/0000-0001-7062-3295; Humber, Richard/0000-0002-1760-3030 SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 139 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2016.08.003 UT WOS:000382712500014 PM 27506454 ER PT J AU Hiltpold, I Hibbard, BE AF Hiltpold, Ivan Hibbard, Bruce E. TI Neonate larvae of the specialist herbivore Diabrotica virgifera virgifera do not exploit the defensive volatile (E)-beta-caryophyllene in locating maize roots SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE AB The behavior of the neonate larvae of the western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, a major pest of maize, was assessed in the presence of maize roots constitutively emitting (E)-beta-caryophyllene (E beta C). This root volatile has been shown to attract both second instar WCR and insect-killing nematodes, and may offer innovative alternatives in helping to manage WCR. Under greenhouse conditions, the maize inbred line HiII, lacking the ability to emit E beta C, was planted 75 cm from the maize inbred line 201-L1, the HiII inbred genetically engineered to constitutively emit E beta C. WCR eggs were infested in the center of the two lines and neonate attraction toward either root system was recorded after collecting WCR larvae established on the plants. Whereas marginally more larvae were found on E beta C-emitting plants, counts of recovered WCR neonates did not significantly differ between the two lines. This supports the postulate that CO2 is the primary attractant for WCR neonate larvae. The chemical ecology of WCR larvae is discussed. A conceptual model of the foraging behavior of this pest is proposed, summarizing our current knowledge on chemically mediated interactions between WCR larvae and maize roots. OI Hiltpold, Ivan/0000-0001-6374-6684 SN 1612-4758 EI 1612-4766 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 89 IS 4 BP 853 EP 858 DI 10.1007/s10340-015-0714-7 UT WOS:000382751300001 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Funnell-Harris, DL Sattler, SE AF Dowd, Patrick F. Funnell-Harris, Deanna L. Sattler, Scott E. TI Field damage of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) with reduced lignin levels by naturally occurring insect pests and pathogens SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE AB Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) brown midrib (bmr) mutant lines have reduced levels of lignin, which is a potentially useful trait for bioenergy production, but the effects of this trait on insect and plant pathogen interactions are unknown under field conditions. Field-grown bmr6, bmr12, and wild-type (WT) plants were examined for insect and disease damage. In most cases, observed frequency, population, or leaf area damage caused by insects or pathogens on bmr6 or bmr12 plants were not greater than those observed on WT plants in the field or laboratory assays. European corn borers [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)] often caused lower amounts of leaf damage to bmr6 leaves compared to bmr12 and sometimes WT leaves in the field study. Leaf damage by corn earworms [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] and fall armyworms [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] in laboratory assays was often lower for bmr versus WT leaves. Incidence of disease lesions was significantly higher on bmr6 compared to WT plants for one of three samplings in 2011, but the opposite trend was observed overall in 2012 and no significant differences were noted in 2013. When corn earworms and fall armyworms were fed the excised pith, bmr6 and/or bmr12 pith caused significant morality to one or both insect species in all 3 years. Damage variability between the 3 years may have been due to hotter and drier than normal conditions in 2012. Thus, bmr lines of sorghum suitable for bioenergy production have potential for sustainable production in the field. SN 1612-4758 EI 1612-4766 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 89 IS 4 BP 885 EP 895 DI 10.1007/s10340-015-0728-1 UT WOS:000382751300003 ER PT J AU Diaz-Montano, J Campbell, JF Phillips, TW Cohnstaedt, LW Throne, JE AF Diaz-Montano, John Campbell, James F. Phillips, Thomas W. Cohnstaedt, Lee W. Throne, James E. TI Evaluation of light attraction for the stored-product psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE AB The psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae), is the most widespread psocid pest of stored products. Because L. bostrychophila has developed resistance to several chemical insecticides, it is important to investigate other integrated pest management (IPM) approaches, and a critical part of IPM programs is an effective monitoring program, Monitoring tools for psocids are limited, and few studies have been conducted on monitoring of psocids, with none on the attraction of lights for psocids. Therefore, we studied the response of L. bostrychophila adults to eight wavelengths of light-emitting diodes (LED) in paired-choice pitfall test. Among the LEDs evaluated, the strongest response by L. bostrychophila adults was to 351 nm UV. When LEDs were tested against brewer's yeast (the most preferred attractant for L. bostrychophila among more than 20 potential attractants found in previous studies), the 351 nm UV wavelength was the only light that attracted more psocids than brewer's yeast. These results suggest that the use of LEDs might be useful in psocid-monitoring programs for L. bostrychophila and other psocid species. SN 1612-4758 EI 1612-4766 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 89 IS 4 BP 923 EP 930 DI 10.1007/s10340-015-0724-5 UT WOS:000382751300006 ER PT J AU Chang, S Gavey, E Holland, C AF Chang, Sarah Gavey, Erica Holland, Corey TI Add a Little Friendly Competition to Your Nutrition Promotion Activities SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS SN 2212-2672 EI 2212-2680 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 116 IS 9 BP 1381 EP 1382 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2016.07.002 UT WOS:000382478300003 PM 27568088 ER PT J AU Flack, KD Siders, WA Johnson, L Roemmich, JN AF Flack, Kyle D. Siders, William A. Johnson, LuAnn Roemmich, James N. TI Cross-Validation of Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equations SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS AB Background Resting metabolic rate (RMR) measurement is time consuming and requires specialized equipment. Prediction equations provide an easy method to estimate RMR; however, their accuracy likely varies across individuals. Understanding the factors that influence the accuracy of RMR predictions will help to revise existing, or develop new and improved, equations. Objective Our aim was to test the validity of RMR predicted in healthy adults by the Harris-Benedict, World Health Organization, Mifflin-St Jeor, Nelson, Wang equations, and three meta-equations of Sabounchi. Design Predicted RMR was tested for agreement with indirect calorimetry. Participants/setting Men and women (n=30) age 18 to 65 years from Grand Forks, ND, were recruited and included for analysis during spring/summer 2014. Participants were nonobese or obese (body mass index range=19 to 39) and primarly white. Main outcome measure Agreement between measured (indirect calorimetry) and predicted RMR was measured. Statistical analysis The methods of Bland and Altman were employed to determine mean bias (predicted minus measured RMR, kcal/day) and limits of agreement between predicted and measured RMR. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test for bias in RMR predicted from each equation vs the measured RMR. Results Bias (mean +/- 2 standard deviations) was lowest for the Harris-Benedict (-14 +/- 378 kcal/24 h) and World Health Organization (-25 +/- 394 kcal/24 h) equations. These equations also predicted RMR that were not different from measured. Mean RMR predictions from all other equations significantly differed from indirect calorimetry. The 2 standard deviation limits of agreement were moderate or large for all equations tested, ranging from 314 to 445 kcal/24 h. Prediction bias was inversely associated with the magnitude of RMR and with fat-free mass. Conclusions At the group level, the traditional Harris-Benedict and World Health Organization equations were the most accurate. However, these equations did not perform well at the individual level. As fat-free mass increased, the prediction equations further underestimated RMR. SN 2212-2672 EI 2212-2680 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 116 IS 9 BP 1413 EP 1422 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2016.03.018 UT WOS:000382478300008 PM 27138231 ER PT J AU Thompson, D Ferry, RJ Cullen, KW Liu, Y AF Thompson, Debbe Ferry, Robert J., Jr. Cullen, Karen W. Liu, Yan TI Improvement in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Associated with More Favorable Energy Density and Nutrient and Food Group Intake, but not Kilocalories SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS AB Background Children generally do not consume adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables (F/V). Eating more F/V can improve energy density and overall diet quality. Objective Our aim was to investigate whether improvements in F/V consumption were associated with improvements in energy density, total calories, and dietary components related to F/V. Design We performed secondary analyses of dietary data from a successful four-group randomized controlled trial promoting F/V. Data were collected at baseline, immediately after gameplay, and 3 months post intervention. Participants/setting Preadolescent child-parent dyads (n=400) were recruited. Eligibility criteria were 4th- or 5th-grade child (approximately 9 to 11 years old) with Internet access and a parent willing to participate in the intervention. Complete dietary data were collected on 387 of the 400 child participants. The videogame was available online on a secure, password-protected website. Main outcome measures Dietary intake was assessed with three unannounced dietary recalls collected at each data-collection period via telephone by trained staff using Nutrition Data System for Research software. Energy density and F/V, nutrient, and food consumption were calculated. Statistical analysis performed A 4x3 (group by time) repeated measures analysis of covariance with mixed-effect linear models was used. Covariates included child's sex, race/ethnicity, and total energy intake as well as parent's age and household education. Energy was excluded as a covariate in the energy density and energy models. Results Significant changes occurred in energy density. A significant interaction (group by time) was observed (F-6,F-515=2.40; P<0.05) in energy density from food only, while a significant time effect was observed for energy density from all foods and beverages ( F-2,F-388=13.75; P<0.0001). Desirable changes were also observed in F/V-related dietary components. Conclusions Increasing F/V consumption improved energy density and diet quality considerably in preadolescent children. RI Ferry, Robert/O-6107-2016 SN 2212-2672 EI 2212-2680 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 116 IS 9 BP 1443 EP 1449 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2016.05.002 UT WOS:000382478300010 PM 27316780 ER PT J AU Abente, EJ Santos, J Lewis, NS Gauger, PC Stratton, J Skepner, E Anderson, TK Rajao, DS Perez, DR Vincent, AL AF Abente, Eugenio J. Santos, Jefferson Lewis, Nicola S. Gauger, Phillip C. Stratton, Jered Skepner, Eugene Anderson, Tavis K. Rajao, Daniela S. Perez, Daniel R. Vincent, Amy L. TI The Molecular Determinants of Antibody Recognition and Antigenic Drift in the H3 Hemagglutinin of Swine Influenza A Virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY AB Influenza A virus (IAV) of the H3 subtype is an important respiratory pathogen that affects both humans and swine. Vaccination to induce neutralizing antibodies against the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is the primary method used to control disease. However, due to antigenic drift, vaccine strains must be periodically updated. Six of the 7 positions previously identified in human seasonal H3 (positions 145, 155, 156, 158, 159, 189, and 193) were also indicated in swine H3 antigenic evolution. To experimentally test the effect on virus antigenicity of these 7 positions, substitutions were introduced into the HA of an isogenic swine lineage virus. We tested the antigenic effect of these introduced substitutions by using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) data with monovalent swine antisera and antigenic cartography to evaluate the antigenic phenotype of the mutant viruses. Combinations of substitutions within the antigenic motif caused significant changes in antigenicity. One virus mutant that varied at only two positions relative to the wild type had a >4-fold reduction in HI titers compared to homologous antisera. Potential changes in pathogenesis and transmission of the double mutant were evaluated in pigs. Although the double mutant had virus shedding titers and transmissibility comparable to those of the wild type, it caused a significantly lower percentage of lung lesions. Elucidating the antigenic effects of specific amino acid substitutions at these sites in swine H3 IAV has important implications for understanding IAV evolution within pigs as well as for improved vaccine development and control strategies in swine. IMPORTANCE A key component of influenza virus evolution is antigenic drift mediated by the accumulation of amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, resulting in escape from prior immunity generated by natural infection or vaccination. Understanding which amino acid positions of the HA contribute to the ability of the virus to avoid prior immunity is important for understanding antigenic evolution and informs vaccine efficacy predictions based on the genetic sequence data from currently circulating strains. Following our previous work characterizing antigenic phenotypes of contemporary wild-type swine H3 influenza viruses, we experimentally validated that substitutions at 6 amino acid positions in the HA protein have major effects on antigenicity. An improved understanding of the antigenic diversity of swine influenza will facilitate a rational approach for selecting more effective vaccine components to control the circulation of influenza in pigs and reduce the potential for zoonotic viruses to emerge. OI Perez, Daniel/0000-0002-6569-5689; Abente, Eugenio/0000-0002-3390-2786; de Souza Rajao, Daniela/0000-0002-0772-0065; Anderson, Tavis/0000-0002-3138-5535 SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 90 IS 18 BP 8266 EP 8280 DI 10.1128/JVI.01002-16 UT WOS:000382314100020 PM 27384658 ER PT J AU Brown, P Juarez, B AF Brown, Patricia Juarez, Bernadette TI A word from USDA and OLAW SO LAB ANIMAL SN 0093-7355 EI 1548-4475 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 45 IS 9 BP 328 EP 328 UT WOS:000382184300016 PM 27551800 ER PT J AU Malmierca, MG Izquierdo-Bueno, I McCormick, SP Cardoza, RE Alexander, NJ Moraga, J Gomes, EV Proctor, RH Collado, IG Monte, E Gutierrez, S AF Malmierca, Monica G. Izquierdo-Bueno, Inmaculada McCormick, Susan P. Cardoza, Rosa E. Alexander, Nancy J. Moraga, Javier Gomes, Eriston V. Proctor, Robert H. Collado, Isidro G. Monte, Enrique Gutierrez, Santiago TI Botrydial and botcinins produced by Botrytis cinerea regulate the expression of Trichoderma arundinaceum genes involved in trichothecene biosynthesis SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY AB Trichoderma arundinaceum IBT 40837 (Ta37) and Botrytis cinerea produce the sesquiterpenes harzianum A (HA) and botrydial (BOT), respectively, and also the polyketides aspinolides and botcinins (Botcs), respectively. We analysed the role of BOT and Botcs in the Ta37-B. cinerea interaction, including the transcriptomic changes in the genes involved in HA (tri) and ergosterol biosynthesis, as well as changes in the level of HA and squalene-ergosterol. We found that, when confronted with B. cinerea, the tri biosynthetic genes were up-regulated in all dual cultures analysed, but at higher levels when Ta37 was confronted with the BOT non-producer mutant bcbot2. The production of HA was also higher in the interaction area with this mutant. In Ta37-bcbot2 confrontation experiments, the expression of the hmgR gene, encoding the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, which is the first enzyme of the terpene biosynthetic pathway, was also up-regulated, resulting in an increase in squalene production compared with the confrontation with B. cinerea B05.10. Botcs had an up-regulatory effect on the tri biosynthetic genes, with BotcA having a stronger effect than BotcB. The results indicate that the interaction between Ta37 and B. cinerea exerts a stimulatory effect on the expression of the tri biosynthetic genes, which, in the interaction zone, can be attenuated by BOT produced by B. cinerea B05.10. The present work provides evidence for a metabolic dialogue between T. arundinaceum and B. cinerea that is mediated by sesquiterpenes and polyketides, and that affects the outcome of the interaction of these fungi with each other and their environment. RI Gutierrez, Santiago/H-6456-2015; Monte, Enrique/A-9008-2017; OI Gutierrez, Santiago/0000-0001-6659-1390; Monte, Enrique/0000-0002-0166-5181; Izquierdo Bueno Reina, Inmaculada Concepcion/0000-0001-8861-408X SN 1464-6722 EI 1364-3703 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1017 EP 1031 DI 10.1111/mpp.12343 UT WOS:000381278800003 PM 26575202 ER PT J AU Raber, M Swartz, MC Santa Maria, D O'Connor, T Baranowski, T Li, R Chandra, J AF Raber, Margaret Swartz, Maria C. Santa Maria, Diane O'Connor, Teresia Baranowski, Tom Li, Rhea Chandra, Joya TI Parental involvement in exercise and diet interventions for childhood cancer survivors: a systematic review SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH AB Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of becoming overweight or obese due to treatment effects and/or post-treatment behaviors. Parents are key agents influencing child diet and physical activity (PA), which are modifiable risk factors for obesity. A systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was undertaken to evaluate current interventions that include diet and PA elements for CCS to determine if and to what extent parents were included, and whether parent involvement had a significant effect on behavioral outcomes or adiposity. A total of 2,386 potential articles were reviewed and 25 individual studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Parental involvement was classified into three categories and varied across studies, although most had indirect or no parental involvement. The studies that included direct parental involvement showed positive outcomes on a variety of measures suggesting that increasing parental involvement in interventions for CCS may be one way to promote long-term lifestyle changes for pediatric cancer patients. However, additional research directly addressing parental involvement in obesity prevention and treatment among CCS is warranted. SN 0031-3998 EI 1530-0447 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 80 IS 3 BP 338 EP 346 DI 10.1038/pr.2016.84 UT WOS:000382598200003 PM 27064243 ER PT J AU Boldrin, PF de Figueiredo, MA Yang, Y Luo, HM Giri, S Hart, JJ Faquin, V Guilherme, LRG Thannhauser, TW Li, L AF Boldrin, Paulo F. de Figueiredo, Marislaine A. Yang, Yong Luo, Hongmei Giri, Shree Hart, Jonathan J. Faquin, Valdemar Guilherme, Luiz R. G. Thannhauser, Theorodore W. Li, Li TI Selenium promotes sulfur accumulation and plant growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum) SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM AB Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans and a target for biofortification in crops. Sulfur (S) is a crucial nutrient for plant growth. To gain better understanding of Se and S nutrition and interaction in plants, the effects of Se dosages and forms on plant growth as well as on S level in seven wheat lines were examined. Low dosages of both selenate and selenite supplements were found to enhance wheat shoot biomass and show no inhibitory effect on grain production. The stimulation on plant growth was correlated with increased APX antioxidant enzyme activity. Se forms were found to exert different effects on S metabolism in wheat plants. Selenate treatment promoted S accumulation, which was not observed with selenite supplement. An over threefold increase of S levels following selenate treatment at low dosages was observed in shoots of all wheat lines. Analysis of the sulfate transporter gene expression revealed an increased transcription of SULTR1;1, SULTR1;3 and SULTR4;1 in roots following 10 M Na2SeO4 treatment. Mass spectrometry-based targeted protein quantification confirmed the gene expression results and showed enhanced protein levels. The results suggest that Se treatment mimics S deficiency to activate specific sulfate transporter expression to stimulate S uptake, resulting in the selenate-induced S accumulation. This study supports that plant growth and nutrition benefit from low dosages of Se fertilization and provides information on the basis underlying Se-induced S accumulation in plants. SN 0031-9317 EI 1399-3054 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 158 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1111/ppl.12465 UT WOS:000382775800007 PM 27152969 ER PT J AU Biasi, A Martin, FN Cacciola, SO Lio, GMD Grunwald, NJ Schena, L AF Biasi, Antonio Martin, Frank N. Cacciola, Santa O. Lio, Gaetano Magnano di San Grunwald, Niklaus J. Schena, Leonardo TI Genetic Analysis of Phytophthora nicotianae Populations from Different Hosts Using Microsatellite Markers SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB In all, 231 isolates of Phytophthora nicotianae representing 14 populations from different host genera, including agricultural crops (Citrus, Nicotiana, and Lycopersicon), potted ornamental species in nurseries (Lavandula, Convolvulus, Myrtus, Correa, and Ruta), and other plant genera were characterized using simple-sequence repeat markers. In total, 99 multilocus genotypes (MLG) were identified, revealing a strong association between genetic grouping and host of recovery, with most MLG being associated with a single host genus. Significant differences in the structure of populations were revealed but clonality prevailed in all populations. Isolates from Citrus were found to be genetically related regardless of their geographic origin and were characterized by high genetic uniformity and high inbreeding coefficients. Higher variability was observed for other populations and a significant geographical structuring was determined for isolates from Nicotiana. Detected differences were related to the propagation and cultivation systems of different crops. Isolates obtained from Citrus spp. are more likely to be distributed worldwide with infected plant material whereas Nicotiana and Lycopersicon spp. are propagated by seed, which would not contribute to the spread of the pathogen and result in a greater chance for geographic isolation of lineages. With regard to ornamental species in nurseries, the high genetic variation is likely the result of the admixture of diverse pathogen genotypes through the trade of infected plant material from various geographic origins, the presence of several hosts in the same nursery, and genetic recombination through sexual reproduction of this heterothallic species. OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 106 IS 9 BP 1006 EP 1014 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-11-15-0299-R UT WOS:000381246400008 PM 27111805 ER PT J AU Hewavitharana, SS Mazzola, M AF Hewavitharana, Shashika S. Mazzola, Mark TI Carbon Source-Dependent Effects of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Soil Microbiome and Suppression of Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 and Pratylenchus penetrans SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB The effect of carbon source on efficacy of anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) toward suppression of apple root infection by Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 and Pratylenchus penetrans was examined. Orchard grass (GR), rice bran (RB), ethanol (ET), composted steer manure (CM), and Brassica juncea seed meal (SM) were used as ASD carbon inputs, with plant assays conducted in natural and pasteurized orchard soils. Subsequent studies investigated the effect of GR application rate used in ASD on control of these pathogens. In general, apple root infection by R. solani AG-5 was significantly lower in ET, GR, RB, and SM ASD treatments compared with the control. Among different ASD treatments, apple seedling growth was significantly greater when GR or SM was used as the carbon input relative to all other ASD treatments. R. solani AG-5 DNA abundance was significantly reduced in all ASD treatments, regardless of amendment type, compared with the control. In independent experiments, ASD-GR was consistently superior to ASD-CM for limiting pathogen activity in soils. ASD treatment with a grass input rate of 20 t ha(-1) provided superior suppression of P. penetrans but grass application rate did not affect ASD efficacy in control of R. solani AG-5. The soil microbiome from ASD-GR-treated soils was clearly distinct from the control and ASD-CM-treated soils. In contrast, composition of the microbiome from control and ASD-CM-treated soils could not be differentiated. Comparative results from pasteurized and nonpasteurized soils suggest that there is potential for GR based ASD treatment to recruit microbial elements that persist over the anaerobic phase of soil incubation, which may functionally contribute to disease suppression. When ASD was conducted with GR, microbial diversity was markedly reduced relative to the control or ASD-CM soil suggesting that this parameter, typically associated with system resilience, was not instrumental to the function of ASD-induced soil suppressiveness. SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 106 IS 9 BP 1015 EP 1028 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-12-15-0329-R UT WOS:000381246400009 PM 27143411 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Gardner, DR Green, BT Stonecipher, CA Cook, D Pfister, JA AF Welch, K. D. Gardner, D. R. Green, B. T. Stonecipher, C. A. Cook, D. Pfister, J. A. TI Comparison of the serum toxicokinetics of larkspur toxins in cattle, sheep and goats SO TOXICON AB Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are a major cause of cattle losses in western North America, whereas sheep are thought to be resistant to larkspur toxicosis. Goats are often used as a small ruminant model to study poisonous plants. In this study, we compared the serum toxicokinetic profile of toxic larkspur alkaloids from Delphinium barbeyi in cattle, goats, and sheep. The results from this study indicate that kinetic differences could partially explain species differences in susceptibility to larkspur toxicosis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0041-0101 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 119 BP 270 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.020 UT WOS:000381532300033 PM 27374834 ER PT J AU Centofanti, T Chaney, RL Beyer, WN McConnell, LL Davis, AP Jackson, D AF Centofanti, Tiziana Chaney, Rufus L. Beyer, W. Nelson McConnell, Laura L. Davis, Allen P. Jackson, Dana TI Assessment of Trace Element Accumulation by Earthworms in an Orchard Soil Remediation Study Using Soil Amendments SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION AB This study assessed potential bioaccumulation of various trace elements in grasses and earthworms as a consequence of soil incorporation of organic amendments for in situ remediation of an orchard field soil contaminated with organochlorine and Pb pesticide residues. In this experiment, four organic amendments of differing total organic carbon content and quality (two types of composted manure, composted biosolids, and biochar) were added to a contaminated orchard field soil, planted with two types of grasses, and tested for their ability to reduce bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides andmetals in earthworms. The experiment was carried out in 4-L soil microcosms in a controlled environment for 90 days. After 45 days of orchardgrass or perennial ryegrass growth, Lumbricus terrestris L. were introduced to the microcosms and exposed to the experimental soils for 45 days before the experiment was ended. Total trace element concentrations in the added organic amendments were below recommended safe levels and their phytoavailablity and earthworm availability remained low during a 90-day bioremediation study. At the end of the experiment, total tissue concentrations of Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn in earthworms and grasses were below recommended safe levels. Total concentrations of Pb in test soil were similar to maximum background levels of Pb recorded in soils in the Eastern USA (100 mg kg(-1) d.w.) because of previous application of orchard pesticides. Addition of aged dairy manure compost and presence of grasses was effective in reducing the accumulation of soil-derived Pb in earthworms, thus reducing the risk of soil Pb entry into wildlife food chains. RI DAVIS, ALLEN/F-1066-2017; OI DAVIS, ALLEN/0000-0001-7818-1890; Centofanti, Tiziana/0000-0002-5545-4064 SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 227 IS 9 AR 350 DI 10.1007/s11270-016-3055-0 UT WOS:000382761400058 ER PT J AU Duval, BD Aguerre, M Wattiaux, M Vadas, PA Powell, JM AF Duval, Benjamin D. Aguerre, Matias Wattiaux, Michel Vadas, Peter A. Powell, J. Mark TI Potential for Reducing On-Farm Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Cows with Prolonged Dietary Tannin Additions SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION AB Dairy cows are responsible for significant emissions of enteric methane (CH4) and produce nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) gas from manure. As an abatement strategy, we explored the effects of long-term condensed tannin (Quebracho and chestnut extracts) addition to dairy cow diets. Previous studies have demonstrated that tannins in cow diets reduce methane and ammonia efflux, but none have done so over a >1-month time period. A modified stanchion barn equipped with gas analysis instrumentation measured CH4, N2O, and NH3 fluxes into and from the barn, at the onset of the experiment, and 45 and 90 days after feeding groups of lactating dairy cows a control diet or two levels of tannin extract at 0.45 and 1.8 % of dietary dry matter. Few statistical differences among treatments were observed, likely a consequence of high variability and low sample size necessary for conducting a study of this duration. However, on a per-cow basis, low and high tannin diets lowered CH4 emissions by 56 g cow(-1) day(-1) and by 48 g cow day(-1), respectively. Diet tannin additions lowered CH4 (33 %), NH3 (23 %), and N2O (70%) per unit milk corrected emissions in the high tannin treatment compared to the control at the end of the experiment, without significant loss in milk production. These results suggest that relatively low concentrations of diet tannin additions can reduce ruminant CH4 and gaseous N emissions from manure. The tannin effect observed after 90 days is a starting point for considering tannin additions as a potential long-term strategy for improving the environmental footprint of milk production. SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 227 IS 9 AR 329 DI 10.1007/s11270-016-2997-6 UT WOS:000382761400037 ER PT J AU Pehrsson, PR Patterson, KY Spungen, JH Wirtz, MS Andrews, KW Dwyer, JT Swanson, CA AF Pehrsson, Pamela R. Patterson, Kristine Y. Spungen, Judith H. Wirtz, Mark S. Andrews, Karen W. Dwyer, Johanna T. Swanson, Christine A. TI Iodine in food- and dietary supplement-composition databases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION CT Workshop 1 on Assessment of Iodine Intake - Foods and Supplements CY APR 22-23, 2014 CL NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Rockville, MD HO NIH, Off Dietary Supplements AB The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) of the USDA Agricultural Research Service have worked independently on determining the iodine content of foods and dietary supplements and are now harmonizing their efforts. The objective of the current article is to describe the harmonization plan and the results of initial iodine analyses accomplished under that plan. For many years, the FDA's Total Diet Study (TDS) has measured iodine concentrations in selected foods collected in 4 regions of the country each year. For more than a decade, the NDL has collected and analyzed foods as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program.; iodine analysis is now being added to the program. The NDL recently qualified a commercial laboratory to conduct iodine analysis of foods by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Co-analysis of a set of samples by the commercial laboratory using the ICP-MS method and by the FDA laboratory using its standard colorimetric method yielded comparable results. The FDA recently reviewed historical TDS data for trends in the iodine content of selected foods, and the NDL analyzed samples of a limited subset of those foods for iodine. The FDA and the NDL are working to combine their data on iodine in foods and to produce an online database that can be used for estimating iodine intake from foods in the US population. In addition, the NDL continues to analyze dietary supplements for iodine and, in collaboration with the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, to publish the data online in the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database. The goal is to provide, through these 2 harmonized databases and the continuing TDS focus on iodine, improved tools for estimating iodine intake in population studies. SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 104 IS 3 SU S BP 868S EP 876S DI 10.3945/ajcn.115.110064 UT WOS:000382421100003 PM 27534627 ER PT J AU Carriquiry, AL Spungen, JH Murphy, SP Pehrsson, PR Dwyer, JT Juan, W Wirtz, MS AF Carriquiry, Alicia L. Spungen, Judith H. Murphy, Suzanne P. Pehrsson, Pamela R. Dwyer, Johanna T. Juan, WenYen Wirtz, Mark S. TI Variation in the iodine concentrations of foods: considerations for dietary assessment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION CT Workshop 1 on Assessment of Iodine Intake - Foods and Supplements CY APR 22-23, 2014 CL NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Rockville, MD HO NIH, Off Dietary Supplements AB Background: Food-composition tables typically give measured nutrient concentrations in foods as a single summary value, often the mean, without providing information as to the shape of the distribution. Objective: Our objective was to explore how the statistical approach chosen to describe the iodine concentrations of foods affects the proportion of the population identified as having either insufficient or excessive iodine intakes. Design: We used food intake data reported by the 2009-2010 NHANES and measured iodine concentrations of Total Diet Study (TDS) foods from 4 US regions sampled in 2004-2011. We created 4 data sets, each by using a different summary statistic (median, mean, and 10th and 90th percentiles), to represent the iodine concentration distribution of each TDS food. We estimated the iodine concentration distribution of each food consumed by NHANES participants as the 4 iodine concentration summary statistics of a similar TDS food and used these, along with NHANES food intake data, to develop 4 estimates of each participant's iodine intake on each survey day. Using the 4 estimates in turn, we calculated 4 usual iodine intakes for each sex- and age-specific subgroup. We then compared these to guideline values and developed 4 estimates of the proportions of each subgroup with deficient and excessive usual iodine intakes. Results: In general, the distribution of iodine intakes was poorly characterized when food iodine concentrations were expressed as mean values. In addition, mean values predicted lower prevalences of iodine deficiency than did median values. For example, in women aged 19-50 y, the estimated prevalence of iodine deficiency was 25% when based on median food iodine concentrations but only 5.8% when based on mean values. Conclusion: For nutrients such as iodine with highly variable concentrations in important food sources, we recommend that food composition tables provide useful variability information, including the mean, SD, and median. SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 104 IS 3 SU S BP 877S EP 887S DI 10.3945/ajcn.115.110353 UT WOS:000382421100004 PM 27534633 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Basta, NT Chaney, RL Henry, PFP Mosby, DE Rattner, BA Scheckel, KG Sprague, DT Weber, JS AF Beyer, W. Nelson Basta, Nicholas T. Chaney, Rufus L. Henry, Paula F. P. Mosby, David E. Rattner, Barnett A. Scheckel, Kirk G. Sprague, Daniel T. Weber, John S. TI BIOACCESSIBILITY TESTS ACCURATELY ESTIMATE BIOAVAILABILITY OF LEAD TO QUAIL SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY AB Hazards of soil-borne lead (Pb) to wild birds may be more accurately quantified if the bioavailability of that Pb is known. To better understand the bioavailability of Pb to birds, the authors measured blood Pb concentrations in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) fed diets containing Pb-contaminated soils. Relative bioavailabilities were expressed by comparison with blood Pb concentrations in quail fed a Pb acetate reference diet. Diets containing soil from 5 Pb-contaminated Superfund sites had relative bioavailabilities from 33% to 63%, with a mean of approximately 50%. Treatment of 2 of the soils with phosphorus (P) significantly reduced the bioavailability of Pb. Bioaccessibility of Pb in the test soils was then measured in 6 in vitro tests and regressed on bioavailability: the relative bioavailability leaching procedure at pH 1.5, the same test conducted at pH 2.5, the Ohio State University in vitro gastrointestinal method, the urban soil bioaccessible lead test, the modified physiologically based extraction test, and the waterfowl physiologically based extraction test. All regressions had positive slopes. Based on criteria of slope and coefficient of determination, the relative bioavailability leaching procedure at pH 2.5 and Ohio State University in vitro gastrointestinal tests performed very well. Speciation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that, on average, most of the Pb in the sampled soils was sorbed to minerals (30%), bound to organic matter (24%), or present as Pb sulfate (18%). Additional Pb was associated with P (chloropyromorphite, hydroxypyromorphite, and tertiary Pb phosphate) and with Pb carbonates, leadhillite (a lead sulfate carbonate hydroxide), and Pb sulfide. The formation of chloropyromorphite reduced the bioavailability of Pb, and the amendment of Pb-contaminated soils with P may be a thermodynamically favored means to sequester Pb. Published (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2311 EP 2319 DI 10.1002/etc.3399 UT WOS:000382188500022 PM 26876015 ER PT J AU Almeria, S Serrano-Perez, B Darwich, L Domingo, M Mur-Novales, R Regidor-Cerrillo, J Cabezon, O Perez-Maillo, M Lopez-Helguera, I Fernandez-Aguilar, X Puig-Ribas, M Ortega-Mora, LM Garcia-Ispierto, I Dubey, JP Lopez-Gatius, F AF Almeria, Sonia Serrano-Perez, Beatriz Darwich, Laila Domingo, Mariano Mur-Novales, Ramon Regidor-Cerrillo, Javier Cabezon, Oscar Perez-Maillo, Monica Lopez-Helguera, Irene Fernandez-Aguilar, Xavier Puig-Ribas, Maria Miguel Ortega-Mora, Luis Garcia-Ispierto, Irina Dubey, Jitender P. Lopez-Gatius, Fernando TI Foetal death in naive heifers inoculated with Neospora caninum isolate Nc-Spain7 at 110 days of pregnancy SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY AB Neospora caninum infection is a leading cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. The pathogenesis of bovine neosporosis, particularly during the second term of gestation when most abortions occur in naturally infected dams, is poorly understood. In the present study foetal death was observed in 3 of 6 experimentally infected dams at 110 days of gestation after 6 weeks of experimental period. All experimental heifers were febrile between 3 and 5 days post infection (dpi). Inoculated dams seroconverted by 3-4 weeks post-infection with higher mean antibody titres in aborting dams compared to non-aborting heifers, although not significantly (p > 0.05). Neospora caninum DNA was detected in all infected foetuses and placentas, and three infected foetuses also had N. caninum antibodies. The parasite burden was higher in the brain of dead/aborted foetuses than in live foetuses. Interestingly, high IFN-gamma production was detected in foetal fluids of a dead foetus found upon euthanasia of its dam, while no IFN-gamma was observed in amniotic, allantoic and/or foetal fluids in the three infected foetuses that were alive upon maternal euthanasia. The present study confirms that the infection of dams on gestation day 110 with 10(7) tachyzoites of the Nc-Spain7 isolate causes abortion. The fact that some infected dams aborted and some did not is relevant to the understanding of N. caninum pathogenesis of abortion in naturally infected cows. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RI Darwich, Laila/F-5330-2016; Serrano-Perez, Beatriz/A-5557-2012; OI Darwich, Laila/0000-0001-9027-9452; Serrano-Perez, Beatriz/0000-0002-8772-6335; Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488; Fernandez-Aguilar, Xavier/0000-0002-4939-6048 SN 0014-4894 EI 1090-2449 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 168 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.06.009 UT WOS:000381245000010 PM 27388371 ER PT J AU Qian, GQ Tang, LL Lin, SH Xue, KS Mitchell, NJ Su, JJ Gelderblom, WC Riley, RT Phillips, TD Wang, JS AF Qian, Guoqing Tang, Lili Lin, Shuhan Xue, Kathy S. Mitchell, Nicole J. Su, Jianjia Gelderblom, Wentzel C. Riley, Ronald T. Phillips, Timothy D. Wang, Jia-Sheng TI Sequential dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 in F344 rats increases liver preneoplastic changes indicative of a synergistic interaction SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY AB Dietary co-exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) and their interaction on hepatocellular carcinogenesis is of particular concern in toxicology and public health. In this study we evaluated the liver preneoplastic effects of single and sequential dietary exposure to AFB1 and FB1 in the F344 rat carcinogenesis model. Serum biochemical alterations, liver histopathological changes, and the formation of liver glutathione S transferase positive (GST-P+) foci were the major outcome parameters examined. Compared to the AFB1-only treatment, the FB1-only treatment induced less dysplasia, and more apoptosis and mitoses. Sequential AFB1 and FB1 treatment lead to increased numbers of dysplasia, apoptosis and foci of altered hepatocytes, as compared to either mycotoxin treatment alone. More importantly, sequential exposure to AFB1 and FB1 synergistically increased the numbers of liver GTP-P+ foci by approximately 7.3-and 12.9-fold and increased the mean sizes of GST-P+ foci by 6- and 7.5-fold, respectively, as compared to AFB1- or FB1-only treatment groups. In addition, liver ALT and AST levels were significantly increased after sequential treatment as compared to single treatment groups. The results demonstrate the interactive effect of dietary AFB1 and FB1 in inducing liver GST-P+ foci formation and provide information to model future intervention studies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0278-6915 EI 1873-6351 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 95 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.017 UT WOS:000381835900021 PM 27430420 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Alves, CR Trevisan, MTS da Silva, RLE Furtado, RF Liu, ZS Cheng, HN AF Biswas, Atanu Alves, Carlucio R. Trevisan, Maria T. S. da Silva, Roseane L. E. Furtado, Roselayne F. Liu, Zengshe Cheng, H. N. TI Synthesis of a cardanol-amine derivative using an ionic liquid catalyst SO FRONTIERS OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AB Cardanol is a biobased raw material derived from cashew nut shell liquid. In order to extend its utility, new derivatives and additional applications are useful. In this work cardanol was first epoxidized, and a novel aniline derivative prepared from it under mild reaction conditions with the help of an ionic liquid catalyst. The reaction chemistry was studied by using nuclear magnetic resonance. The resulting aminohydrin adduct showed antioxidant property and should also be a useful synthon for further reactions. As an example, the aminohydrin was shown to undergo a condensation reaction with formaldehyde to form a prepolymer, which could be further reacted to form thermosetting resins. SN 2095-0179 EI 2095-0187 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 425 EP 431 DI 10.1007/s11705-016-1581-3 UT WOS:000382436900009 ER PT J AU Tanumihardjo, SA Russe, RM Stephensen, CB Gannon, BM Craft, NE Haskell, MJ Lietz, G Schulze, K Raiten, DJ AF Tanumihardjo, Sherry A. Russe, Robert M. Stephensen, Charles B. Gannon, Bryan M. Craft, Neal E. Haskell, Marjorie J. Lietz, Georg Schulze, Kerry Raiten, Daniel J. TI Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND)-Vitamin A Review SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AB The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide evidence-informed advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. The BOND program provides information with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect, which will be especially useful for readers who want to assess nutrient status. To accomplish this objective, expert panels are recruited to evaluate the literature and to draft comprehensive reports on the current state of the art with regard to specific nutrient biology and available biomarkers for assessing nutritional status at the individual and population levels. Phase I of the BOND project includes the evaluation of biomarkers for 6 nutrients: iodine, folate, zinc, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B-12. This review of vitamin A is the current article in this series. Although the vitamin was discovered >100 y ago, vitamin A status assessment is not trivial. Serum retinol concentrations are under homeostatic control due in part to vitamin A's use in the body for growth and cellular differentiation and because of its toxic properties at high concentrations. Furthermore, serum retinol concentrations are depressed during infection and inflammation because retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a negative acute-phase reactant, which makes status assessment challenging. Thus, this review describes the clinical and functional indicators related to eye health and biochemical biomarkers of vitamin A status (i.e., serum retinol, RBP, breast-milk retinol, dose-response tests, isotope dilution methodology, and serum retinyl esters). These biomarkers are then related to liver vitamin A concentrations, which are usually considered the gold standard for vitamin A status. With regard to biomarkers, future research questions and gaps in our current understanding as well as limitations of the methods are described. SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 146 IS 9 BP 1816 EP 1848 DI 10.3945/jn.115.229708 UT WOS:000382422800028 PM 27511929 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Ishaq, SL Zhao, FQ Wright, ADG AF Zeng, Huawei Ishaq, Suzanne L. Zhao, Feng-Qi Wright, Andre-Denis G. TI Colonic inflammation accompanies an increase of beta-catenin signaling and Lachnospiraceae/Streptococcaceae bacteria in the hind gut of high-fat diet-fed mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY AB Consumption of an obesigenic/high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with a high colon cancer risk and may alter the gut microbiota. To test the hypothesis that long-term high-fat (HF) feeding accelerates inflammatory process and changes gut microbiome composition, C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD (45% energy) or a low-fat (LF) diet (10% energy) for 36 weeks. At the end of the study, body weights in the HF group were 35% greater than those in the LF group. These changes were associated with dramatic increases in body fat composition, inflammatory cell infiltration, inducible nitric oxide synthase protein concentration and cell proliferation marker (Ki67) in ileum and colon. Similarly, beta-catenin expression was increased in colon (but not ileum). Consistent with gut inflammation phenotype, we also found that plasma leptin, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations were also elevated in mice fed the HFD, indicative of chronic inflammation. Fecal DNA was extracted and the V1-V3 hypervariable region of the microbial 16S rRNA gene was amplified using primers suitable for 454 pyrosequencing. Compared to the LF group, the HF group had high proportions of bacteria from the family Lachnospiraceae/Streptococcaceae, which is known to be involved in the development of metabolic disorders, diabetes and colon cancer. Taken together, our data demonstrate, for the first time, that long-term HF consumption not only increases inflammatory status but also accompanies an increase of colonic beta-catenin signaling and Lachnospiraceae/Streptococcaceae bacteria in the hind gut of C57BL/6 mice. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 0955-2863 EI 1873-4847 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 35 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.05.015 UT WOS:000382418600003 PM 27362974 ER PT J AU Poojari, S Alabi, OJ Okubara, PA Naidu, RA AF Poojari, Sudarsana Alabi, Olufemi J. Okubara, Patricia A. Naidu, Rayapati A. TI SYBR (R) Green-based real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR for detection and discrimination of grapevine viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS AB A SYBR (R) Green-based real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay in combination with melt-curve analysis (MCA) was optimized for the detection of nine grapevine viruses. The detection limits for simplex qRT-PCR for all nine grapevine viruses were estimated to be in the range of 214-1112 copies of the virus genome. Amplicons with melting temperatures (Tm) separated by at least 2 degrees C in the MCA could differentiate two viruses in the same reaction. Therefore, eight of the nine viruses could be co-diagnosed in five different combinations of duplex assays. Of 305 grape leaf samples from the field or greenhouse, 162 were positive for at least one of the nine grapevine viruses using the duplex qRT-PCR assays. In contrast, only 127 samples were positive using endpoint RT-PCR and PCR assays, indicating the enhanced sensitivity of duplex real-time PCR. In addition, the duplex qRT-PCR assays were be used to detect Grapevine leafroll associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) in its vector, the grape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrhorn), and Grapevine red blotch-associated virus (GRBaV) in Virginia creeper leafhopper (Erythroneura ziczac Walsh). The simplex and duplex real-time PCR assays developed in this study can be used to examine transmission of co-occruing viruses by insect vectors as well as for rapid and sensitive detection of viruses in infected grapevines. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0166-0934 EI 1879-0984 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 235 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.05.013 UT WOS:000382417800017 PM 27246908 ER PT J AU Harpole, WS Sullivan, LL Lind, EM Firn, J Adler, PB Borer, ET Chase, J Fay, PA Hautier, Y Hillebrand, H MacDougallm, AS Seabloom, EW Williams, R Bakker, JD Cadotte, MW Chaneton, EJ Chu, CJ Cleland, EE D'Antonio, C Davies, KF Gruner, DS Hagenah, N Kirkman, K Knops, JMH La Pierre, KJ McCulley, RL Moore, JL Morgan, JW Prober, SM Risch, AC Schuetz, M Stevens, CJ Wragg, PD AF Harpole, W. Stanley Sullivan, Lauren L. Lind, Eric M. Firn, Jennifer Adler, Peter B. Borer, Elizabeth T. Chase, Jonathan Fay, Philip A. Hautier, Yann Hillebrand, Helmut MacDougallm, Andrew S. Seabloom, Eric W. Williams, Ryan Bakker, Jonathan D. Cadotte, Marc W. Chaneton, Enrique J. Chu, Chengjin Cleland, Elsa E. D'Antonio, Carla Davies, Kendi F. Gruner, Daniel S. Hagenah, Nicole Kirkman, Kevin Knops, Johannes M. H. La Pierre, Kimberly J. McCulley, Rebecca L. Moore, Joslin L. Morgan, John W. Prober, Suzanne M. Risch, Anita C. Schuetz, Martin Stevens, Carly J. Wragg, Peter D. TI Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity SO NATURE AB Niche dimensionality provides a general theoretical explanation for biodiversity-more niches, defined by more limiting factors, allow for more ways that species can coexist(1). Because plant species compete for the same set of limiting resources, theory predicts that addition of a limiting resource eliminates potential trade-offs, reducing the number of species that can coexist(2). Multiple nutrient limitation of plant production is common and therefore fertilization may reduce diversity by reducing the number or dimensionality of belowground limiting factors. At the same time, nutrient addition, by increasing biomass, should ultimately shift competition from belowground nutrients towards a one-dimensional competitive trade-off for light(3). Here we show that plant species diversity decreased when a greater number of limiting nutrients were added across 45 grassland sites from a multi-continent experimental network(4). The number of added nutrients predicted diversity loss, even after controlling for effects of plant biomass, and even where biomass production was not nutrient-limited. We found that elevated resource supply reduced niche dimensionality and diversity and increased both productivity(5) and compositional turnover. Our results point to the importance of understanding dimensionality in ecological systems that are undergoing diversity loss in response to multiple global change factors. RI Gruner, Daniel/A-5166-2010; Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012; Prober, Suzanne/G-6465-2010; OI Gruner, Daniel/0000-0002-3153-4297; Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336; Lind, Eric/0000-0003-3051-7724; Borer, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2259-5853; La Pierre, Kimberly/0000-0001-7056-4547 SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 537 IS 7618 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1038/nature19324 UT WOS:000382426900045 PM 27556951 ER PT J AU Gleason, SM Westoby, M Jansen, S Choat, B Brodribb, TJ Cochard, H Delzon, S Hacke, UG Jacobsen, AL Johnson, DM Lens, F Maherali, H Martinez-Vilalta, J Mayr, S McCulloh, KA Morris, H Nardini, A Plavcova, L Pratt, RB Schreiber, SG Zanne, AE AF Gleason, Sean M. Westoby, Mark Jansen, Steven Choat, Brendan Brodribb, Tim J. Cochard, Herve Delzon, Sylvain Hacke, Uwe G. Jacobsen, Anna L. Johnson, Daniel M. Lens, Frederic Maherali, Hafiz Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi Mayr, Stefan McCulloh, Katherine A. Morris, Hugh Nardini, Andrea Plavcova, Lenka Pratt, R. Brandon Schreiber, Stefan G. Zanne, Amy E. TI On research priorities to advance understanding of the safety-efficiency tradeoff in xylem: A response to Bittencourt etal.'s (2016) comment "On xylem hydraulic efficiencies, wood space-use and the safety-efficiency tradeoff': in this issue of New Phytologist, pp. 1152-1155 SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST RI Lens, Frederic/B-8482-2011; Nardini, Andrea/C-6525-2009; Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015; Schreiber, Stefan/N-9843-2015; Jansen, Steven/A-9868-2012; Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011 OI Lens, Frederic/0000-0002-5001-0149; Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072; Schreiber, Stefan/0000-0001-5033-8884; Jansen, Steven/0000-0002-4476-5334; Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147 SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 211 IS 4 BP 1156 EP 1158 DI 10.1111/nph.14043 UT WOS:000380961200004 PM 27345698 ER PT J AU Jaeger, DM Runyon, JB Richardson, BA AF Jaeger, Deidre M. Runyon, Justin B. Richardson, Bryce A. TI Signals of speciation: volatile organic compounds resolve closely related sagebrush taxa, suggesting their importance in evolution SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the environmental adaptation and fitness of plants. Comparison of the qualitative and quantitative differences in VOCs among closely related taxa and assessing the effects of environment on their emissions are important steps to deducing VOC function and evolutionary importance. Headspace VOCs from five taxa of sagebrush (Artemisia, subgenus Tridentatae) growing in two common gardens were collected and analyzed using GC-MS. Of the 74 total VOCs emitted, only 15 were needed to segregate sagebrush taxa using Random Forest analysis with a low error of 4%. All but one of these 15 VOCs showed qualitative differences among taxa. Ordination of results showed strong clustering that reflects taxonomic classification. Random Forest identified five VOCs that classify based on environment (2% error), which do not overlap with the 15 VOCs that segregated taxa. We show that VOCs can discriminate closely related species and subspecies of Artemisia, which are difficult to define using molecular markers or morphology. Thus, it appears that changes in VOCs either lead the way or follow closely behind speciation in this group. Future research should explore the functions of VOCs, which could provide further insights into the evolution of sagebrushes. OI Richardson, Bryce/0000-0001-9521-4367 SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 211 IS 4 BP 1393 EP 1401 DI 10.1111/nph.13982 UT WOS:000380961200025 PM 27112551 ER PT J AU Penmetsa, RV Carrasquilla-Garcia, N Bergmann, EM Vance, L Castro, B Kassa, MT Sarma, BK Datta, S Farmer, AD Baek, JM Coyne, CJ Varshney, RK von Wettberg, EJB Cook, DR AF Penmetsa, R. Varma Carrasquilla-Garcia, Noelia Bergmann, Emily M. Vance, Lisa Castro, Brenna Kassa, Mulualem T. Sarma, Birinchi K. Datta, Subhojit Farmer, Andrew D. Baek, Jong-Min Coyne, Clarice J. Varshney, Rajeev K. von Wettberg, Eric J. B. Cook, Douglas R. TI Multiple post-domestication origins of kabuli chickpea through allelic variation in a diversification-associated transcription factor SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST AB Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is among the founder crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. One of two major forms of chickpea, the so-called kabuli type, has white flowers and light-colored seed coats, properties not known to exist in the wild progenitor. The origin of the kabuli form has been enigmatic. We genotyped a collection of wild and cultivated chickpea genotypes with 538 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examined patterns of molecular diversity relative to geographical sources and market types. In addition, we examined sequence and expression variation in candidate anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes. A reduction in genetic diversity and extensive genetic admixture distinguish cultivated chickpea from its wild progenitor species. Among germplasm, the kabuli form is polyphyletic. We identified a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor at chickpea's B locus that conditions flower and seed colors, orthologous to Mendel's A gene of garden pea, whose loss of function is associated invariantly with the kabuli type of chickpea. From the polyphyletic distribution of the kabuli form in germplasm, an absence of nested variation within the bHLH gene and invariant association of loss of function of bHLH among the kabuli type, we conclude that the kabuli form arose multiple times during the phase of phenotypic diversification after initial domestication of cultivated chickpea. OI Sarma, Birinchi/0000-0002-1041-8422 SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 211 IS 4 BP 1440 EP 1451 DI 10.1111/nph.14010 UT WOS:000380961200029 ER PT J AU Nkrumah, PN Baker, AJM Chaney, RL Erskine, PD Echevarria, G Morel, JL van der Ent, A AF Nkrumah, Philip Nti Baker, Alan J. M. Chaney, Rufus L. Erskine, Peter D. Echevarria, Guillaume Morel, Jean Louis van der Ent, Antony TI Current status and challenges in developing nickel phytomining: an agronomic perspective SO PLANT AND SOIL AB Nickel (Ni) phytomining operations cultivate hyperaccumulator plants ('metal crops') on Ni-rich (ultramafic) soils, followed by harvesting and incineration of the biomass to produce a high-grade 'bio-ore' from which Ni metal or pure Ni salts are recovered. This review examines the current status, progress and challenges in the development of Ni phytomining agronomy since the first field trial over two decades ago. To date, the agronomy of less than 10 species has been tested, while most research focussed on Alyssum murale and A. corsicum. Nickel phytomining trials have so far been undertaken in Albania, Canada, France, Italy, New Zealand, Spain and USA using ultramafic or Ni-contaminated soils with 0.05-1 % total Ni. N, P and K fertilisation significantly increases the biomass of Ni hyperaccumulator plants, and causes negligible dilution in shoot Ni concentration. Organic matter additions have pronounced positive effects on the biomass of Ni hyperaccumulator plants, but may reduce shoot Ni concentration. Soil pH adjustments, S additions, N fertilisation, and bacterial inoculation generally increase Ni phytoavailability, and consequently, Ni yield in 'metal crops'. Calcium soil amendments are necessary because substantial amounts of Ca are removed through the harvesting of 'bio-ore'. Organic amendments generally improve the physical properties of ultramafic soil, and soil moisture has a pronounced positive effect on Ni yield. Repeated 'metal crop' harvesting depletes soil phytoavailable Ni, but also promotes transfer of non-labile soil Ni to phytoavailable forms. Traditional chemical soil extractants used to estimate phytoavailability of trace elements are of limited use to predict Ni phytoavailability to 'metal crop' species and hence Ni uptake. RI Echevarria, Guillaume/B-3680-2012 OI Echevarria, Guillaume/0000-0003-2124-1447 SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 406 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s11104-016-2859-4 UT WOS:000381991600005 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Oi, DH Becnel, JJ Wetterer, JK LaPolla, JS Firth, AE AF Valles, Steven M. Oi, David H. Becnel, James J. Wetterer, James K. LaPolla, John S. Firth, Andrew E. TI Isolation and characterization of Nylanderia fulva virus 1, a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus infecting the tawny crazy ant, Nylanderia fulva SO VIROLOGY AB We report the discovery of Nylanderia fulva virus 1 (NfV-1), the first virus identified and characterized from the ant, Nylanderia fulva. The NfV-1 genome (GenBank accession KX024775) is 10,881 nucleotides in length, encoding one large open reading frame (ORF). Helicase, protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and jelly-roll capsid protein domains were recognized within the polyprotein. Phylogenetic analysis placed NfV-1 in an unclassified Glade of viruses. Electron microscopic examination of negatively stained samples revealed particles with icosahedral symmetry with a diameter of 28.7 +/- 1.1 nm. The virus was detected by RT-PCR in larval, pupal, worker and queen developmental stages. However, the replicative strand of NfV-1 was only detected in larvae. Vertical transmission did not appear to occur, but horizontal transmission was facile. The inter-colonial field prevalence of NfV-1 was 52 +/- 35% with some local infections reaching 100%. NfV-1 was not detected in limited samples of other Nylanderia species or closely related ant species. Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 0042-6822 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 496 BP 244 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2016.06.014 UT WOS:000381235700028 PM 27372180 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ Bischoff, KM Anderson, AM Rich, JO AF Liu, Siqing Bischoff, Kenneth M. Anderson, Amber M. Rich, Joseph O. TI Novel Feruloyl Esterase from Lactobacillus fermentum NRRL B-1932 and Analysis of the Recombinant Enzyme Produced in Escherichia coli SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB A total of 33 Lactobacillus strains were screened for feruloyl esterase (FE) activity using agar plates containing ethyl ferulate as the sole carbon source, and Lactobacillus fermentum NRRL B-1932 demonstrated the strongest FE activity among a dozen species showing a clearing zone on the opaque plate containing ethyl ferulate. FE activities were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography with an acetonitrile-trifluoroacetic acid gradient. To produce sufficient purified FE from L. fermentum strain NRRL B-1932 (LfFE), the cDNA encoding LfFE (Lffae) was amplified and cloned by using available closely related genome sequences and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. A 29.6-kDa LfFE protein was detected from the protein extract of E. coli BL21(pLysS) carrying pET28bLffae upon IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside) induction. The recombinant LfFE containing a polyhistidine tag was purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity resin. The purified LfFE showed strong activities against several artificial substrates, including p-nitrophenyl acetate and 4-methylumbelliferyl p-trimethylammoniocinnamate chloride. The optimum pH and temperature of the recombinant LfFE were around 6.5 and 37 degrees C, respectively, as determined using either crude or purified recombinant LfFE. This study will be essential for the production of the LfFE in E. coli on a larger scale that could not be readily achieved by L. fermentum fermentation. IMPORTANCE The production of feruloyl esterase (FE) from Lactobacillus fermentum NRRL B-1932 reported in this study will have immense potential commercial applications not only in biofuel production but also in pharmaceutical, polymer, oleo chemical, cosmetic additive, and detergent industries, as well as human health-related applications, including food flavoring, functional foods, probiotic agents, preventive medicine, and animal feed. Given the essential role FE plays in the production of hydroxycinnamic acids and ferulic acid, plus the generally regarded as safe status of lactobacilli, which therefore have less regulatory concerns, LfFE from the probiotic L. fermentum reported in this work can be directly used for increased production of high-value hydroxycinnamates and ferulic acid from natural or synthetic carbon sources. SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 82 IS 17 BP 5068 EP 5076 DI 10.1128/AEM.01029-16 UT WOS:000381500700002 PM 27260363 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Torchetti, MK Poulson, RL Carter, D Reeves, AB Link, P Walther, P Lebarbenchon, C Stallknecht, DE AF Ramey, Andrew M. Torchetti, Mia Kim Poulson, Rebecca L. Carter, Deborah Reeves, Andrew B. Link, Paul Walther, Patrick Lebarbenchon, Camille Stallknecht, David E. TI Evidence for wild waterfowl origin of H7N3 influenza A virus detected in captive-reared New Jersey pheasants SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY AB In August 2014, a low-pathogenic H7N3 influenza A virus was isolated from pheasants at a New Jersey gamebird farm and hunting preserve. In this study, we use phylogenetic analyses and calculations of genetic similarity to gain inference into the genetic ancestry of this virus and to identify potential routes of transmission. Results of maximum-likelihood (ML) and maximum-clade-credibility (MCC) phylogenetic analyses provide evidence that A/pheasant/New Jersey/26996-2/2014 (H7N3) had closely related H7 hemagglutinin (HA) and N3 neuraminidase (NA) gene segments as compared to influenza A viruses circulating among wild waterfowl in the central and eastern USA. The estimated time of the most recent common ancestry (TMRCA) between the pheasant virus and those most closely related from wild waterfowl was early 2013 for both the H7 HA and N3 NA gene segments. None of the viruses from waterfowl identified as being most closely related to A/pheasant/New Jersey/26996-2/2014 at the HA and NA gene segments in ML and MCC phylogenetic analyses shared aeyen99 % nucleotide sequence identity for internal gene segment sequences. This result indicates that specific viral strains identified in this study as being closely related to the HA and NA gene segments of A/pheasant/New Jersey/26996-2/2014 were not the direct predecessors of the etiological agent identified during the New Jersey outbreak. However, the recent common ancestry of the H7 and N3 gene segments of waterfowl-origin viruses and the virus isolated from pheasants suggests that viral diversity maintained in wild waterfowl likely played an important role in the emergence of A/pheasant/New Jersey/26996-2/2014. OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 SN 0304-8608 EI 1432-8798 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 161 IS 9 BP 2519 EP 2526 DI 10.1007/s00705-016-2947-z UT WOS:000381973200018 PM 27372454 ER PT J AU Caldwell, PV Miniat, CF Elliott, KJ Swank, WT Brantley, ST Laseter, SH AF Caldwell, Peter V. Miniat, Chelcy F. Elliott, Katherine J. Swank, Wayne T. Brantley, Steven T. Laseter, Stephanie H. TI Declining water yield from forested mountain watersheds in response to climate change and forest mesophication SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB Climate change and forest disturbances are threatening the ability of forested mountain watersheds to provide the clean, reliable, and abundant fresh water necessary to support aquatic ecosystems and a growing human population. Here, we used 76years of water yield, climate, and field plot vegetation measurements in six unmanaged, reference watersheds in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, USA to determine whether water yield has changed over time, and to examine and attribute the causal mechanisms of change. We found that annual water yield increased in some watersheds from 1938 to the mid-1970s by as much as 55%, but this was followed by decreases up to 22% by 2013. Changes in forest evapotranspiration were consistent with, but opposite in direction to the changes in water yield, with decreases in evapotranspiration up to 31% by the mid-1970s followed by increases up to 29% until 2013. Vegetation survey data showed commensurate reductions in forest basal area until the mid-1970s and increases since that time accompanied by a shift in dominance from xerophytic oak and hickory species to several mesophytic species (i.e., mesophication) that use relatively more water. These changes in forest structure and species composition may have decreased water yield by as much as 18% in a given year since the mid-1970s after accounting for climate. Our results suggest that changes in climate and forest structure and species composition in unmanaged forests brought about by disturbance and natural community dynamics over time can result in large changes in water supply. SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 22 IS 9 BP 2997 EP 3012 DI 10.1111/gcb.13309 UT WOS:000381077300006 PM 27038309 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, DM Kray, JA Ortmans, W Ziska, LH Pendall, E AF Blumenthal, Dana M. Kray, Julie A. Ortmans, William Ziska, Lewis H. Pendall, Elise TI Cheatgrass is favored by warming but not CO2 enrichment in a semi-arid grassland SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB Elevated CO2 and warming may alter terrestrial ecosystems by promoting invasive plants with strong community and ecosystem impacts. Invasive plant responses to elevated CO2 and warming are difficult to predict, however, because of the many mechanisms involved, including modification of phenology, physiology, and cycling of nitrogen and water. Understanding the relative and interactive importance of these processes requires multifactor experiments under realistic field conditions. Here, we test how free-air CO2 enrichment (to 600 ppmv) and infrared warming (+1.5 degrees C day/3 degrees C night) influence a functionally and phenologically distinct invasive plant in semi-arid mixed-grass prairie. Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), a fast-growing Eurasian winter annual grass, increases fire frequency and reduces biological diversity across millions of hectares in western North America. Across 2years, we found that warming more than tripled B. tectorum biomass and seed production, due to a combination of increased recruitment and increased growth. These results were observed with and without competition from native species, under wet and dry conditions (corresponding with tenfold differences in B. tectorum biomass), and despite the fact that warming reduced soil water. In contrast, elevated CO2 had little effect on B. tectorum invasion or soil water, while reducing soil and plant nitrogen (N). We conclude that (1) warming may expand B. tectorum's phenological niche, allowing it to more successfully colonize the extensive, invasion-resistant northern mixed-grass prairie, and (2) in ecosystems where elevated CO2 decreases N availability, CO2 may have limited effects on B. tectorum and other nitrophilic invasive species. SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 22 IS 9 BP 3026 EP 3038 DI 10.1111/gcb.13278 UT WOS:000381077300008 PM 27090757 ER PT J AU Osborne, SA Mills, G Hayes, F Ainsworth, EA Buker, P Emberson, L AF Osborne, Stephanie A. Mills, Gina Hayes, Felicity Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Buker, Patrick Emberson, Lisa TI Has the sensitivity of soybean cultivars to ozone pollution increased with time? An analysis of published dose-response data SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB The rising trend in concentrations of ground-level ozone (O-3) - a common air pollutant and phytotoxin - currently being experienced in some world regions represents a threat to agricultural yield. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an O-3-sensitive crop species and is experiencing increasing global demand as a dietary protein source and constituent of livestock feed. In this study, we collate O-3 exposure-yield data for 49 soybean cultivars, from 28 experimental studies published between 1982 and 2014, to produce an updated dose-response function for soybean. Different cultivars were seen to vary considerably in their sensitivity to O-3, with estimated yield loss due to O-3 ranging from 13.3% for the least sensitive cultivar to 37.9% for the most sensitive, at a 7-h mean O-3 concentration (M7) of 55ppb - a level frequently observed in regions of the USA, India and China in recent years. The year of cultivar release, country of data collection and type of O-3 exposure used were all important explanatory variables in a multivariate regression model describing soybean yield response to O-3. The data show that the O-3 sensitivity of soybean cultivars increased by an average of 32.5% between 1960 and 2000, suggesting that selective breeding strategies targeting high yield and high stomatal conductance may have inadvertently selected for greater O-3 sensitivity over time. Higher sensitivity was observed in data from India and China compared to the USA, although it is difficult to determine whether this effect is the result of differential cultivar physiology, or related to local environmental factors such as co-occurring pollutants. Gaining further understanding of the underlying mechanisms that govern the sensitivity of soybean cultivars to O-3 will be important in shaping future strategies for breeding O-3-tolerant cultivars. RI Hayes, Felicity/A-3899-2011; OI Hayes, Felicity/0000-0002-1037-5725; Osborne, Stephanie/0000-0001-8130-5532 SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 22 IS 9 BP 3097 EP 3111 DI 10.1111/gcb.13318 UT WOS:000381077300013 PM 27082950 ER PT J AU Pittman, JK Hirschi, KD AF Pittman, J. K. Hirschi, K. D. TI CAX-ing a wide net: Cation/H+ transporters in metal remediation and abiotic stress signalling SO PLANT BIOLOGY AB Cation/proton exchangers (CAXs) are a class of secondary energised ion transporter that are being implicated in an increasing range of cellular and physiological functions. CAXs are primarily Ca2+ efflux transporters that mediate the sequestration of Ca2+ from the cytosol, usually into the vacuole. Some CAX isoforms have broad substrate specificity, providing the ability to transport trace metal ions such as Mn2+ and Cd2+, as well as Ca2+. In recent years, genomic analyses have begun to uncover the expansion of CAXs within the green lineage and their presence within non-plant species. Although there appears to be significant conservation in tertiary structure of CAX proteins, there is diversity in function of CAXs between species and individual isoforms. For example, in halophytic plants, CAXs have been recruited to play a role in salt tolerance, while in metal hyperaccumulator plants CAXs are implicated in cadmium transport and tolerance. CAX proteins are involved in various abiotic stress response pathways, in some cases as a modulator of cytosolic Ca2+ signalling, but in some situations there is evidence of CAXs acting as a pH regulator. The metal transport and abiotic stress tolerance functions of CAXs make them attractive targets for biotechnology, whether to provide mineral nutrient biofortification or toxic metal bioremediation. The study of non-plant CAXs may also provide insight into both conserved and novel transport mechanisms and functions. SN 1435-8603 EI 1438-8677 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 18 IS 5 BP 741 EP 749 DI 10.1111/plb.12460 UT WOS:000381027400001 PM 27061644 ER PT J AU Hommel, R Siegwolf, R Zavadlav, S Arend, M Schaub, M Galiano, L Haeni, M Kayler, ZE Gessler, A AF Hommel, R. Siegwolf, R. Zavadlav, S. Arend, M. Schaub, M. Galiano, L. Haeni, M. Kayler, Z. E. Gessler, A. TI Impact of interspecific competition and drought on the allocation of new assimilates in trees SO PLANT BIOLOGY AB In trees, the interplay between reduced carbon assimilation and the inability to transport carbohydrates to the sites of demand under drought might be one of the mechanisms leading to carbon starvation. However, we largely lack knowledge on how drought effects on new assimilate allocation differ between species with different drought sensitivities and how these effects are modified by interspecific competition. We assessed the fate of C-13 labelled assimilates in above- and belowground plant organs and in root/rhizosphere respired CO2 in saplings of drought-tolerant Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and drought-sensitive European beech (Fagus sylvatica) exposed to moderate drought, either in mono- or mixed culture. While drought reduced stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rates in both species, both maintained assimilate transport belowground. Beech even allocated more new assimilate to the roots under moderate drought compared to non-limited water supply conditions, and this pattern was even more pronounced under interspecific competition. Even though maple was a superior competitor compared to beech under non-limited soil water conditions, as indicated by the changes in above- and belowground biomass of both species in the interspecific competition treatments, we can state that beech was still able to efficiently allocate new assimilate belowground under combined drought and interspecific competition. This might be seen as a strategy to maintain root osmotic potential and to prioritise root functioning. Our results thus show that beech tolerates moderate drought stress plus competition without losing its ability to supply belowground tissues. It remains to be explored in future work if this strategy is also valid during long-term drought exposure. RI Gessler, Arthur/C-7121-2008; Arend, Matthias/L-7795-2013; Galiano, Lucia/P-1818-2016; Haeni, Matthias/A-3446-2013; Schaub, Marcus/E-4874-2012 OI Gessler, Arthur/0000-0002-1910-9589; Galiano, Lucia/0000-0003-0123-1882; Haeni, Matthias/0000-0003-3977-2166; Schaub, Marcus/0000-0002-0158-8892 SN 1435-8603 EI 1438-8677 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 18 IS 5 BP 785 EP 796 DI 10.1111/plb.12461 UT WOS:000381027400006 PM 27061772 ER PT J AU Chapurlat, RD Boivin, G Cooper, C Dawson-Hughes, B Kanis, JA Reginster, JY Rizzoli, R AF Chapurlat, Roland D. Boivin, Georges Cooper, Cyrus Dawson-Hughes, Bess Kanis, John A. Reginster, Jean-Yves Rizzoli, Rene TI In Memoriam: Pierre J. Meunier SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL SN 0171-967X EI 1432-0827 PD SEP PY 2016 VL 99 IS 3 BP 225 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s00223-016-0172-0 UT WOS:000380264800001 PM 27393055 ER EF