FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sappington, TN Brashears, AD Parajulee, MN Carroll, SC Arnold, MD Baker, RN AF Sappington, TN Brashears, AD Parajulee, MN Carroll, SC Arnold, MD Baker, RN TI Boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) survival through the seed cotton cleaning process in the cotton gin SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; boll weevil; cotton gin; seed cotton cleaning; eradication AB There is concern that gins located in boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, eradication zones may become points of reintroduction when they process cotton grown in a neighboring infested at-ea. We estimated boll weevil survival through two typical machine sequences used in commercial cotton gins to clean and dry the seed cotton in advance of the gin stand, as well as separately through two incline cylinder cleaners or one or two tower dryers operating at different temperatures. Large numbers of laboratory-reared adult boll weevils were marked with fluorescent powder, fed into the test system, and recovered with the assistance of blacklights. We found no evidence of survival through the seed cotton cleaning systems even when the dryers were not heated, or when passed separately through the two incline cleaners alone. Upper confidence limits (95%) were calculated for the observed zero recoveries based on sample size and the binomial distribution, and these represent the statistical worst-case (i.e., highest) survival potential. Survival through heated tower dryers declined rapidly to zero at higher temperatures, especially when two dryers were running. Although we conclude that the potential for survival of weevils in the seed cotton to the gin stand is zero or close to zero, a small percentage of live weevils was recovered in the green boll/rock trap, which may represent the greatest threat of reintroduction at the gin. Escape of live weevils with the gin trash is also possible, and studies addressing this issue will be presented elsewhere. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, CICGRU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Kika De La Garza Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, CPPRU, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Sappington, TN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, CICGRU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1323 EP 1329 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900019 PM 15384344 ER PT J AU Showler, AT AF Showler, AT TI Influence of cotton fruit stages as food sources on boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) fecundity and oviposition SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; boll weevil; eggs; fecundity; food ID OVERWINTERING SURVIVAL; SPRING EMERGENCE; TEXAS; REPRODUCTION; TRAPS AB Boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coloeoptera: Curculionidae), populations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas increase strongly during the squaring stage, and preemptive insecticide sprays at the pinhead square stage were designed to capitalize on that association. Laboratory assays showed that cotton plant volatiles, or leaves as a food source, do not elicit egg production in wild weevils. Boll weevils fed on large (5.5-8-mm diameter) squares for 7 d resulted in greater than or equal to3.8-fold more gravid females that developed 4.8-fold more chorionated eggs per female than weevils fed on match-head-sized squares, or postbloom, young (5-10-d-old), or old (3-5-wk-old) bolls. When presented with a choice, nongravid females preferred to feed on young and old bolls 4.7- and 8.4-fold more, respectively, than on large squares. In the field, large squares had 7.8- and 25-fold more feeding punctures than match-head-sized squares and bolls, respectively. Oviposition increased greater than or equal to2.7-fold when females fed on large squares compared with match-head-sized squares and bolls. Greater feeding on large squares during squaring and the associated greater fecundity explain rapid weevil population buildups shortly after large squares become well established. C1 USDA ARS, APMRU, Kika De La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78569 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, APMRU, Kika De La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78569 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1330 EP 1334 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900020 PM 15384345 ER PT J AU Campbell, JF Mullen, MA AF Campbell, JF Mullen, MA TI Distribution and dispersal behavior of Trogoderma variabile and Plodia interpunctella outside a food processing plant SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trogoderma variabile; Plodia interpunctella; pheromone monitoring; dispersal behavior; spatial distribution ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; PHEROMONE; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; FLIGHT; POPULATIONS; COLEOPTERA; RECAPTURE AB The distribution and dispersal distances of insects outside of food processing and storage facilities potentially have an important influence on the population dynamics and spatial distribution of insects inside facilities. In this study, Trogoderma variabile Ballion and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) sex pheromone-baited trap captures outside and inside a food processing facility were measured, the relationship between trap captures outside and inside the facility was evaluated, and the dispersal ability of the males of these species was assessed using self-in ark-re capture stations. T variabile and P. interpunctella males were captured in high numbers outside the food facility. The two species differed in their spatial distribution around the facility, with T variabile being more closely associated with the proximity of the building, but most likely originating from sources outside the building. For marked T variabile, the average recapture distance was 75 m (range 21-508 m) and for marked P. interpunctella the average recapture distance was 135.6 m (range 21-276 m). In an immigration/emigration experiment, three T variabile marked outside were recaptured inside, but no T varjabile marked inside were recaptured outside and no marked P. interpunctella were recaptured in either location. The potential for outside populations to influence inside populations has implications for the effectiveness of different management and monitoring tools. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1455 EP 1464 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900036 PM 15384361 ER PT J AU Flinn, PW Subramanyam, BH Arthur, FH AF Flinn, PW Subramanyam, BH Arthur, FH TI Comparison of aeration and spinosad for suppressing insects in stored wheat SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptolestes ferrugineus; Tribolium castaneum; Rhyzopertha dominica; stored grain ID PRODUCT INSECTS; COLEOPTERA; TENEBRIONIDAE; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY AB Field studies were conducted from July 2002 to January 2003 for evaluating the effects of controlled aeration and a commercial biological insecticide, spinosad, in suppressing insect populations in stored wheat. Six cylindrical steel bins were filled with newly harvested (2002 crop year) hard red winter wheat on 9 and 10 July 2002. Each bin contained 30.7 metric tons (1,100 bu) of wheat. Wheat in two bins was left untreated (control), whereas wheat in two bins was treated with spinosad, and in another two bins was subjected to aeration by using aeration controllers. Spinosad was applied to wheat at the time of bin filling to obtain a rate of 1 mg ( [AI]) /kg. Aeration controllers were set to run the fans when ambient air temperature fell below 23.9, 18.3, and 7.2degreesC for the first, second, and third cooling cycles, respectively. We added 400 adults each of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens); lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), to the grain at monthly intervals between July and October 2002. Insect density in the bins was estimated monthly by taking 3-kg grain samples from 21 locations within each bin by using a pneumatic grain sampler. No live T castaneum or C. ferrugineus and very low densities of R. dominica (<0.008 adults per kilogram) were found in wheat treated with spinosad during the 6-mo sampling period. Density of C. ferrugineus and T castaneum in aerated bins did not exceed two adults per kilogram (the Federal Grain Inspection Service standard for infested wheat), whereas R. dominica increased to 12 adults per kilogram in November 2002, which subsequently decreased to three adults per kilogram in January 2003. In the untreated (control) bins, R. dominica density increased faster than that of C. ferrugineus or T castaneum. Density of R. dominica peaked at 58 adults per kilogram in October 2002 and decreased subsequently, whereas T castaneum density was 10 adults per kilogram in October 2002 but increased to 78 adults per kilogram in January 2003. Density of C. ferrugineus increased steadily during the 6-mo study period and was highest (six adults per kilogram) in January 2003. This is the first report comparing the field efficacy of spinosad and aeration in managing insects in farm bins. Our results suggest that spinosad is very effective in suppressing R. dominica, C. ferrugineus, and T castaneum, populations in stored wheat. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Flinn, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 25 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1465 EP 1473 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900037 PM 15384362 ER PT J AU Perez-Mendoza, J Flinn, PW Campbell, JF Hagstrum, DW Throne, JE AF Perez-Mendoza, J Flinn, PW Campbell, JF Hagstrum, DW Throne, JE TI Detection of stored-grain insect infestation in wheat transported in railroad hopper-cars SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sampling; railcars; stored grain; insect-damaged kernels; spatial distribution ID COLEOPTERA; SURVIVAL AB Levels of insect infestation, insect spatial distribution, and the relationship between the number of insect-damaged kernels (IDK) and the number of insects present in grain samples in three-hopper railcars transporting wheat from country elevators to a mill were studied. Six of eight sampled railcars were infested with more than two species of insects. The most abundant species collected were the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), with the larval stage of the two species being the most prevalent (>90%). The spatial distributions of these two species within the grain mass were typically clumped in railcar compartments containing >0.4 insect/ 2.75-kg sample of wheat, and these foci of high-infestation levels varied in compartments within the railears and among the sampled railcars. There were no significant correlations between IDK and insect density for any of the different stage-specific insect populations that were collected in the grain samples. Mean numbers of immatures and IDK differed among railcars and compartments within railcars, but not among grain depths. Number of insects in the first discharge sample was not correlated with mean numbers of insects in the entire compartment. This indicates that each compartment of a railcar should be sampled to determine level of insect infestation but that sampling at different depths within a compartment is less important. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Perez-Mendoza, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013; Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1474 EP 1483 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900038 PM 15384363 ER PT J AU Ross, EJH Stone, JM Elowsky, CG Arredondo-Peter, R Klucas, RV Sarath, G AF Ross, EJH Stone, JM Elowsky, CG Arredondo-Peter, R Klucas, RV Sarath, G TI Activation of the Oryza sativa non-symbiotic haemoglobin-2 promoter by the cytokinin-regulated transcription factor, ARR1 SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ARR proteins; cytokinins; gene regulation; non-symbiotic plant haemoglobin ID PHOSPHORELAY SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RESPONSE REGULATORS; NONSYMBIOTIC HEMOGLOBINS; GENES; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; RICE; ETHYLENE; FAMILY AB Using in silico methods, several putative phytohormone-responsive cis-elements in the Oryza sativa nonsymbiotic haemoglobin (NSHB) 1-4 and Arabidopsis thaliana NSHB1-2 promoters have been identified. An OsNSHB2 promoter::GUS reporter gene fusion shows tissue-specific expression in A. thaliana. GUS expression was observed in roots, the vasculature of young leaves, in flowers, and in the pedicel/stem junction. In transient assays, activity of the OsNSHB2 promoter was significantly up-regulated in the presence of the cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Deletion analyses indicated that the full-length promoter was required for maximal trans-activation in the presence of cytokinin. Mutation of the single cytokinin-regulated ARR1-binding element abolished promoter activation in response to cytokinin. Constitutive expression of ARR1 under the control of the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter enhanced wild-type OsNSHB2 promoter activity, but had no effect on the activity of the mutated promoter in the absence of cytokinin. However, overexpression of ARR1 in the presence of cytokinin resulted in super-activation of the wild-type promoter. The mutated promoter was only moderately activated in the presence of cytokinin and ARR1, indicating that the OsNSHB2 promoter can be regulated by the ARR1 protein, but requires other cytokinin-induced factors for optimal activation. This is the first report that identifies a trans-acting factor involved in the activation of a NSHB gene. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem & Plant Sci Initiat, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Lab Biofis & Biol Mol, Fac Ciencias, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Ross, EJH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM eross2@unl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 P20 RR16469] NR 50 TC 70 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 55 IS 403 BP 1721 EP 1731 DI 10.1093/jxb/erh211 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 846VX UT WOS:000223348400013 PM 15258171 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Cason, JA Hume, ME Ingram, KD AF Hinton, A Cason, JA Hume, ME Ingram, KD TI Use of MIDI-fatty acid methyl ester analysis to monitor the transmission of Campylobacter during commercial poultry processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BROILER CARCASSES; JEJUNI INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONTAMINATION; CHICKEN; WATER; SALMONELLA; SURVIVAL; TEMPERATURE; PREVALENCE AB The presence of Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses and in scald water taken from a commercial poultry processing facility was monitored on a monthly basis from January through June. Campylobacter agar, Blaser, was used to enumerate Campylobacter in water samples from a multiple-tank scalder; on prescalded, picked, eviscerated, and chilled carcasses; and on processed carcasses stored at 4degreesC for 7 or 14 days. The MIDI Sherlock microbial identification system was used to identify Campylobacter-like isolates based on the fatty acid methyl ester profile of the bacteria. The dendrogram program of the Sherlock microbial identification system was used to compare the fatty acid methyl ester profiles of the bacteria and determine the degree of relatedness between the isolates. Findings indicated that no Campylobacter were recovered from carcasses or scald tank water samples collected in January or February, but the pathogen was recovered from samples collected in March, April, May, and June. Processing generally produced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the number of Campylobacter recovered from broiler carcasses, and the number of Campylobacter recovered from refrigerated carcasses generally decreased during storage. Significantly (P < 0.05) fewer Campylobacter were recovered from the final tank of the multiple-tank scald system than from the first tank. MIDI similarity index values ranged from 0.104 to 0.928 based on MIDI-fatty acid methyl ester analysis of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates. Dendrograms of the fatty acid methyl ester profile of the isolates indicated that poultry flocks may introduce several strains of C. jejuni and C. coli into processing plants. Different populations of the pathogen may be carried into the processing plant by successive broiler flocks, and the same Campylobacter strain may be recovered from different poultry processing operations. However, Campylobacter apparently is unable to colonize equipment in the processing facility and contaminate broilers from flocks processed at later dates in the facility. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ahinton@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1610 EP 1616 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 844SD UT WOS:000223179100008 PM 15330523 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, LH TI Thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Escherichia coli O157 : H7 at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PASTEURIZATION; STEAM; INNOCUA; VACUUM; MEAT; INACTIVATION; CYCLES AB A continuous-flow apparatus was developed to measure thermal resistance (D- and z-values) of microorganisms at temperatures above 65degreesC. This apparatus was designed to test whether vegetative microorganisms exhibited unusually high thermal resistance that prevented them from being completely eliminated at temperatures applicable to vacuum-steam-vacuum processes (116 to 157degreesC). The apparatus was composed of a high-pressure liquid chromatography pump, a heating unit, and a cooling unit. It was designed to measure small D-values (<1 s). Three randomly selected organisms, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 suspended in deionized water were tested in the continuous-flow apparatus at temperatures ranging from 60 to 80degreesC. Studies showed that the D-values of these organisms ranged from 0.05 to 20 s. Heating at 80degreesC was found to be basically the physical limit of the system. Experimental results showed that L. monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and E. coli o157:H7 did not exhibit unusual heat resistance. The conditions used in the vacuum-steam-vacuum processes should have completely inactivated organisms such as L. monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and E. coli O157:H7 if present on food surfaces. The complete destruction of bacteria during vacuum-steam-vacuum processes might not occur because the surface temperatures never reached those of the steam temperatures and because bacteria might be hidden beneath the surface and was thus never exposed to the destructive effects of the steam. C1 Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lhuang@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1666 EP 1670 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 844SD UT WOS:000223179100016 PM 15330531 ER PT J AU Leverentz, B Conway, WS Janisiewicz, W Camp, MJ AF Leverentz, B Conway, WS Janisiewicz, W Camp, MJ TI Optimizing concentration and timing of a phage spray application to reduce Listeria monocytogenes on honeydew melon tissue SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOPHAGE THERAPY; BEEF SPOILAGE; FERMENTATION; BIOCONTROL; PATHOGEN; GROWTH; MODEL AB A phage cocktail was applied to honeydew melon pieces 1, 0.5, and 0 h before contamination with Listeria monocytogenes strain LCDC 81-861 and 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after contamination. The phage application was most effective when applied 1, 0.5, or 0 h before contamination with L. monocytogenes, reducing pathogen populations by up to 6.8 log units after 7 days of storage. This indicates that under commercial conditions, if contamination occurs at the time of cutting, phage would have to be applied as soon as possible after cutting the produce. However, all phage applications from 1 h before to 4 h after contamination and all phage concentrations ranging from 104 to 108 PFU/ml reduced bacterial populations on honeydew melon pieces. Higher phage concentrations were more effective in reducing pathogen populations. A phage concentration of approximately 108 PFU/ml was necessary to reduce the pathogen populations to nondetectable levels immediately after treatment, and pathogen growth was suppressed by phage concentrations of 106 through 108 throughout the storage period of 7 days at 10degreesC. In an attempt to enhance the effectiveness of the phage cocktail on low pH fruit, such as apples, the phage was applied in combination with MnCl2. This combination, however, did not enhance the effectiveness of the phage on apple tissue. The results from this study indicate that the effectiveness of the phage application on honeydew melon pieces can be optimized by using a phage concentration of at least 10(8) PFU/ml applied up to 1 h after processing of the honeydew melons. C1 USDA, ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Conway, WS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM conwayw@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1682 EP 1686 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 844SD UT WOS:000223179100019 PM 15330534 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Holt, PS TI Incubation of egg contents pools at an elevated temperature (42 degrees C) does not improve the rapid detection of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 14b SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INOCULATED EGGS; RAPPAPORT-VASSILIADIS MEDIUM; SELENITE CYSTINE BROTH; LIQUID WHOLE EGG; RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; TETRATHIONATE BROTH; UNITED-STATES; RAW EGGS; RECOVERY AB Detecting internal Salmonella Enterifidis (SE) contamination in eggs is essential for protecting public health. Pooling together greater than or equal to10 eggs for sampling allows many eggs to be screened for contamination, but such pools must be incubated (usually at 25 to 37degreesC) to permit small numbers of SE to multiply before further testing. The present study determined whether incubating egg contents pools at an elevated temperature (42degreesC) could increase the rate of multiplication of a phage type 14b strain of SE sufficiently to support the detection of contamination by a rapid lateral flow immunodiffusion method within a single day. Pools of 10 eggs were contaminated with approximately 10 CFU of SE, supplemented with concentrated broth enrichment medium, and incubated at either 37 or 42degreesC. Incubation of contaminated egg pools at 42degreesC resulted in significantly higher SE levels after 6, 8, 10, and 12 h. However, incubation at 42degreesC could only generate a mean log SE concentration of 4.21 CFU/ml within a single working day (8 h), inadequate to support efficient detection by most rapid assays. Detection of SE contamination in egg pools by a rapid lateral flow immunodiffusion test was not achieved at a high frequency until 12 h of incubation at 42degreesC. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM rgast@seprl.usda.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1751 EP 1754 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 844SD UT WOS:000223179100029 PM 15330544 ER PT J AU Smith, DP Berrang, ME Feldner, PW Phillips, RW Meinersmann, RJ AF Smith, DP Berrang, ME Feldner, PW Phillips, RW Meinersmann, RJ TI Detection of Bacillus cereus on selected retail chicken products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; STRAINS; GROWTH; PROFILES; TOXIN; FOODS; ENTEROTOXIN; SANITIZER AB Samples from five chicken meat products, obtained at retail stores, were evaluated for the presence of Bacillus cereus. The products tested were as follows: breaded, fully cooked, frozen nuggets (NUGGETS); breaded, fully cooked, frozen tenders (TENDERS); fully cooked, frozen, white-meat fajita-style strips (STRIPS); raw, refrigerated, boneless, skinless, marinated breast fillets (FILLETS); and raw, refrigerated, cut-up, tray-pack bone-in parts (PARTS), either split breasts or thighs. Four packages of each item were obtained on three different days (n = 60). Frozen and refrigerated products were held overnight in their respective environments as appropriate; then packages were opened aseptically, and a total of 25 g of tissue was excised from multiple pieces within a package. The 25-g samples were enriched in 225 ml of Trypticase soy-polymixin broth for 18 to 24 h at 30degreesC and then plated on mannitol-egg yolk-polymixin agar and incubated for 18 to 24 h at 30degreesC. Colonies characteristic of B. cereus were chosen and replated for isolation on mannitol-egg yolk-polymixin agar. Suspect colonies were confirmed as Bacillus spp. by Gram stain, hemolysis on blood agar, and a biochemical test strip. Isolates were further confirmed as B. cereus using Bacteriological Analytical Manual procedures, including tests for motility, rhizoid growth, hemolysis, and protein toxin crystal production. B. cereus was detected in 27 of 60 total samples. By product, the prevalence levels were as follows: NUGGETS, 11 of 12 positive; TENDERS, 8 of 12 positive; STRIPS, 6 of 12 positive; FILLETS, 0 of 12 positive; and PARTS, 2 of 12 positive. Isolates were tested by PCR for presence of the toxin-encoding genes bceT, nheABC, hblACD, and cytK. Results indicate that B. cereus organisms were present on four of the five retail poultry products tested in this study, with the highest rates reported for the three fully cooked items, especially the two breaded products. All strains isolated contained the gene(s) for at least one of the toxins, although none of the strains contained the cytK gene. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Food Safty & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Microbiol Div,Microbial Outbreaks & Special Proje, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Smith, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dpsmith@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1770 EP 1773 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 844SD UT WOS:000223179100033 PM 15330548 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Buick, R Elliott, CT AF Friedman, M Buick, R Elliott, CT TI Antibacterial activities of naturally occurring compounds against antibiotic-resistant Bacillus cereus vegetative cells and spores, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; CONSTITUENTS; MECHANISMS AB After demonstrating the lack of effectiveness of standard antibiotics against the acquired antibiotic resistance of Bacillus cereus (NCTC 10989), Escherichia coli (NCTC 1186), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12715), we showed that the following natural substances were antibacterial against these resistant pathogens: cinnamon oil, oregano oil, thyme oil, carvacrol, (S)-perillaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (beta-resorcylic acid), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine (dopamine). Exposure of the three pathogens to a dilution series of the test compounds showed that oregano oil was the most active substance. The oils and pure compounds exhibited exceptional activity against B. cereus vegetative cells, with oregano oil being active at nanogram, per milliliter levels. In contrast, activities against B. cereus spores were very low. Activities of the test compounds were in the following approximate order: oregano oil > thyme oil approximate to carvacrol > cinnamon oil > perillaldehyde > dopamine > beta-resorcylic acid. The order of susceptibilities of the pathogens to inactivation was as follows: B. cereus (vegetative) much greater than S. aureus approximate to E. coli much greater than B. cereus (spores). Some of the test substances may be effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria in foods and feeds. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Dept Agr & Rural Dev No Ireland, Vet Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 13 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 17 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1774 EP 1778 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 844SD UT WOS:000223179100034 PM 15330549 ER PT J AU Lamikanra, O Watson, MA AF Lamikanra, O Watson, MA TI Effect of calcium treatment temperature on fresh-cut cantaloupe melon during storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcium; minimally processed; firmness; lipase esterase; cucumis melo L. ID ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; HEAT-TREATMENTS; QUALITY; FIRMNESS; LIPASE; SLICES; LIPOXYGENASE; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; CHLORIDE AB The effect of calcium treatment temperature on cut cantaloupe fruit during storage was determined. Fruit dipped in calcium solution at 4 degreesC had lower respiration and moisture loss rates than treated fruit at ambient temperature. Calcium treatment lowered lipase activity at both temperatures, but the effect was more notable in fruit treated at the lower temperature where lipase activity was undetectable in the freshly processed fruit and after storage for 24 h. The ability of calcium to confer rigidity to the tissue components at low temperatures, possibly through improved covalent crosslinking, was indicated by viscosity measurements indicating higher values for pulverized cantaloupe melon with added calcium at 4 degreesC than fruit blended under similar conditions at ambient temperature. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lamikanra, O (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sola@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 BP C468 EP C472 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 848TI UT WOS:000223489600009 ER PT J AU Popham, HJR Shelby, KS Brandt, SL Coudron, TA AF Popham, HJR Shelby, KS Brandt, SL Coudron, TA TI Potent virucidal activity in larval Heliothis virescens plasma against Helicoverpa zea single capsid nucleopolyhedrovirus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; CALIFORNICA M-NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; EUPLECTRUS-COMSTOCKII; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INSECT IMMUNITY; DEVELOPMENTAL RESISTANCE; COMPARATIVE PATHOGENESIS; MEDIATED PATHOGENICITY; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Lepidopteran larvae resist baculovirus infection by selective apoptosis of infected midgut epithelial cells and by sloughing off infected cells from the midgut. Once the infection breaches the midgut epithelial barrier and propagates from infective foci to the haemocoel, however, there are few mechanisms known to account for the resistance and clearance of infection observed in some virus-host combinations. The hypothesis that factors present in the plasma of infected pest larvae act to limit the spread of virus from initial infective foci within the haemocoel was tested. An in vitro bioassay was developed in which Helicoverpa zea single capsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV) was incubated with plasma collected from uninfected Heliothis virescens larvae. Infectious HzSNPV particles were then titrated on HzAM1 cells. Diluted plasma from larval Heliothis virescens exhibited a virucidal effect against HzSNPV in vitro, reducing the TCID50 ml(-1) by more than 64-fold (from 4(.)3 +/- 3(.)6 x 10(5) to 6(.)7 +/- 0(.)6 x 10(3)). The antiviral activity was heat-labile but was unaffected by freezing. In addition, protease inhibitors and specific chemical inhibitors of phenol oxidase or prophenol oxidase activation added to diluted plasma eliminated the virucidal activity. Thus, in the plasma of larval lepidopterans, the enzyme phenol oxidase may act as a constitutive, humoral innate antiviral immune response. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Popham, HJR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM pophamh@missouri.edu NR 47 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 BP 2255 EP 2261 DI 10.1099/vir.0.79965-0 PN 8 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 845XU UT WOS:000223279500017 PM 15269366 ER PT J AU Ashley, MC AF Ashley, MC TI Population genetics of feral horses: Implications of behavioral isolation SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE allopatry; behavior; Equus caballus; feral horse; microsatellites; population genetics ID HIGHLY POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RARE ALLELES; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; TAXONOMY; SIZES; FLOW AB Feral horses (Equus caballus) in the Garfield Flat Herd Management Area in western Nevada exist as 2 subpopulations most of the year and as a single population once sufficient snow has accumulated to free them from dependence on their respective water sources. Populations were examined for genetic structure using 12 equine microsatellite markers. Microsatellite data also were generated from a distant population in the Granite Range Herd Management Area, in northwestern Nevada. Analyses of microsatellite allele frequencies supported the genetic individuality of the 3 groups. The Garfield Hills groups were marginally differentiated by virtue of low F-ST and low success in population assignment. Recent population bottlenecks and behavioral isolation are the likely mechanisms for the genetic differences between the 2 Garfield groups. Both Garfield groups were strongly differentiated from the Granite Range horses. Allele frequencies of both Garfield Flat subpopulations were within Hardy-Weinberg expectations, whereas the Granite Range frequencies were not, suggesting population structure beyond that previously identified. C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Ashley, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM dr_mc_ashley@hotmail.com NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 4 BP 611 EP 617 DI 10.1644/BRB-123 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 848HH UT WOS:000223457700003 ER PT J AU Wisely, SM Buskirk, SW Russell, GA Aubry, KB Zielinski, WJ AF Wisely, SM Buskirk, SW Russell, GA Aubry, KB Zielinski, WJ TI Genetic diversity and structure of the fisher (Martes pennanti) in a peninsular and peripheral metapopulation SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE dimensionality; fisher; genetic diversity; Martes pennanti; microsatellite DNA; peninsula; periphery; stepping-stone ID MINK MUSTELA-VISON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RARE ALLELES; CANADA LYNX; DISTANCE; CONSERVATION; EQUILIBRIUM; RANGE; INDIVIDUALS; ABUNDANCE AB Evolutionary processes can be strongly affected by landscape features. In vagile carnivores that disperse widely, however, genetic structure has been found to be minimal. Using microsatellite DNA primers developed for other mustelids, we found that populations of a vagile forest carnivore, the fisher (Martes pennanti), exhibit high genetic structure (F-ST = 0.45, SE = 0.07) and limited gene flow (Nm < 1) within a > 1,600-km narrow strip of forested habitat; that genetic diversity decreases from core to periphery; and that populations do not show an equilibrium pattern of isolation-by-distance. Genetic structure was greater at the periphery than at the core of the distribution and our data fit a I-dimensional model of stepping-stone range expansion. Multiple lines of paleontological and genetic evidence suggest that the fisher recently (<5,000 years ago) expanded into the mountain forests of the Pacific coast. The reduced dimensionality of the distribution of the fisher in western coastal forests appears to have contributed to the high levels of structure and decreasing diversity from north to south. These effects were likely exacerbated by human-caused changes to the environment. The low genetic diversity and high genetic structure of populations in the southern Sierra Nevada suggest that populations in this part of the geographic range are vulnerable to extinction. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Wisely, SM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM wisely@ksu.edu RI Buskirk, Steven/K-2871-2016 OI Buskirk, Steven/0000-0003-0611-6648 NR 49 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 20 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 4 BP 640 EP 648 DI 10.1644/BEL-011 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 848HH UT WOS:000223457700007 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Truex, RL Schmidt, GA Schlexer, FV Schmidt, KN Barrett, RH AF Zielinski, WJ Truex, RL Schmidt, GA Schlexer, FV Schmidt, KN Barrett, RH TI Home range characteristics of fishers in California SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE California; fisher; home range; Martes pennanti ID MARTES-PENNANTI; CONSERVATION; SELECTION; PATTERNS; SCALE; DIET AB The fisher (Martes pennanti) is a forest mustelid that historically occurred in California from the mixed conifer forests of the north coast, east to the southern Cascades, and south throughout the Sierra Nevada. Today fishers in California occur only in 2 disjunct populations in the northwestern mountains and the southern Sierra Nevada. We studied the ecology of fishers in both populations (the north coast [Coastal] and southern Sierra Nevada [Sierra]) to characterize the size and composition of their home ranges, and to compare features between locations. Twenty-one (9 Coastal, 12 Sierra) of 46 radiocollared fishers were relocated frequently enough (>20 times) to estimate home ranges. The home ranges of males (X = 3,934.5 ha) were significantly greater than those of females (980.5 ha), and the home ranges of females were significantly greater in the Coastal than in the Sierra area. The smaller home ranges in the Sierra were probably due to productive habitats rich in black oak (Quercus kelloggii). Midseral Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and white fir (Abies concolor) types composed the greatest proportion (42.8%) of home ranges in the Coastal study area. The greatest proportion of home ranges in the Sierra study area were in the intermediate tree size class (60.7%), had dense canopy closure (66.3%), and were in the Sierran Mixed Conifer type (40.1%). These measures provide guidelines for managers who wish to influence landscape features to resemble occupied fisher habitat. The recovery of fishers in the Pacific States, however, will also require the consideration of microhabitat elements and characteristics of landscapes that might affect metapopulation dynamics. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 28 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 4 BP 649 EP 657 DI 10.1644/BOS-126 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 848HH UT WOS:000223457700008 ER PT J AU Smith, WP Gende, SM Nichols, JV AF Smith, WP Gende, SM Nichols, JV TI Ecological correlates of flying squirrel microhabitat use and density in temperate rainforests of southeastern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE density; Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons; logistic regression; macrohabitat; microhabitat use; northern flying squirrel; old growth; southeastern Alaska; temperate rainforest ID FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; MAMMAL POPULATION-SIZE; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; WESTERN OREGON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; CASCADE RANGE; ROTATION-AGE AB We studied habitat relations of the Prince of Wales flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons), an endemic of the temperate, coniferous rainforest of southeastern Alaska, because of concerns over population viability from extensive clear-cut logging in the region. We used stepwise logistic regression to examine relationships between microhabitat use (i.e., captures among traps spaced at 40-m intervals) and 26 vegetative and structural habitat features measured in plots centered on trap stations. Seasonal (spring, autumn) models were created for two old-growth forest types: upland, western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)-Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) forests (upland-OG); and peatland-scrub-mixed-conifer forests (peatland-MC). Density of trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) >74 cm and abundance of Vaccinium were positively correlated with microhabitat use in peatland-MC during both seasons. During spring and autumn, the odds of capturing a flying squirrel increased by factors of 2.7 and 16.9, respectively, with an increase in mean density of 10 large trees/ha. Microhabitat use of upland-OG during autumn was positively correlated with density of snags with a dbh of 50-74 cm and negatively correlated with percentage cover of understory herbaceous vegetation; microhabitat use during spring was inversely correlated with percentage surface cover of water. At the macrohabitat (13-ha replicate of forest type) scale, large (>74-cm dbh) trees explained 65% of the variation in density between forest types; percent cover of moss and volume of down wood in decay classes I-IV explained 70% and 63-77% of the variation, respectively. Our findings corroborate general patterns reported for western coniferous forests, but suggest that G. sabrinus in temperate rainforests of southeastern Alaska differ ecologically from populations in the Pacific Northwest in important ways. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM WinstonSmith@fs.fed.us NR 64 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 4 BP 663 EP 674 DI 10.1644/BFW-004 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 848HH UT WOS:000223457700010 ER PT J AU DeYoung, RW Muller, LI Demarais, S Guthrie, HD Welch, GR Engelken, TJ Gonzales, RA AF DeYoung, RW Muller, LI Demarais, S Guthrie, HD Welch, GR Engelken, TJ Gonzales, RA TI Do Odocoileus virginianus males produce Y-chromosome-biased ejaculates? - Implications for adaptive sex ratio theories SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive; Cervidae; DNA; flow cytornetry; Odocoileus virginianus; reproductive physiology; sex allocation; sex ratio; sperm; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; LOCAL RESOURCE COMPETITION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ROE DEER; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; PATERNITY INFERENCE; CAPREOLUS-CAPREOLUS; BEARING SPERM; ADJUSTMENT; PRESELECTION AB The theory of adaptive sex ratio variation assumes that parents can increase their fitness by investing in the offspring sex that will gain the greatest lifetime reproductive success. Many adaptive sex ratio hypotheses imply or predict a female-mediated physiological mechanism that facilitates parental control. However, the ability of females to control offspring sex ratio could be significantly affected if mates provided X- or Y-chromosome-biased ejaculates, as was recently discovered in domestic artiodactyls. To determine whether this occurs in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), we examined semen sex ratio of captive deer using DNA fluorescence flow cytometry. We also used microsatellite markers to assign paternity of fawns sired in previous years to determine if temporal patterns existed in fawn sex relative to conception date. The ratio of X- and Y-sperm did not differ from an expected 1:1 among deer or between collection periods. Median conception dates of male and female fawns sired in previous years were similar, and there were no apparent temporal trends in offspring sex. We find no evidence that skewed ejaculates occur in white-tailed deer. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA, ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. RP DeYoung, RW (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM randall.deyoung@tamuk.edu OI Muller, Lisa/0000-0001-7833-2273 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 4 BP 768 EP 773 DI 10.1644/BJK-123 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 848HH UT WOS:000223457700022 ER PT J AU Kniel, KE Higgins, JA Trout, JM Fayer, R Jenkins, MC AF Kniel, KE Higgins, JA Trout, JM Fayer, R Jenkins, MC TI Characterization and potential use of a Cryptosporidium parvum virus (CPV) antigen for detecting C-parvum oocysts SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE cryptosporidiosis; immunoblot; capsid protein ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; WATER-SUPPLIES; GIARDIA; INFECTIVITY; PARTICLES; ASSAY AB The purpose of this study was to characterize the viral symbiont (CPV) of Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites and evaluate the CPV capsid protein (CPV40) as a target for sensitive detection of the parasite. Recombinant CPV40 was produced in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography, and used to prepare polyclonal rabbit sera specific for the viral capsid protein. Anti-rCPV40 recognized a 40 kDa and a 30 kDa protein in C parvum oocysts and appeared to localize to the apical end of the parasite. Anti-rCPV40 serum was capable of detecting as few as 1 C parvum oocyst in a dot blot assay, the sensitivity being at least 1000-fold greater than sera reactive with total native C parvum oocyst protein or specific for the 41 kDa oocyst surface antigen. Water samples were seeded with C parvum oocysts and incubated at 4, 20, or 25 degreesC for greater than 3 months to determine if CPV levels were correlated with oocyst infectivity. Samples were removed monthly and subjected to mouse and cell culture infectivity, as well as PCR analysis for infectivity and viral particle presence. While sporozoite infectivity declined by more than 75% after 1 month at 25 degreesC, the CPV signal was similar to that of control samples at 4 degreesC. By 3 months at 20 degreesC, the C parvum oocysts were found to be non-infectious, but retained a high CPV signal. This study indicates that CPV is an excellent target for sensitive detection of C. parvum oocysts in water, but may persist for an indefinite time after oocysts become non-infectious. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Bldg 1040,Room 100,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mjenkins@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.03.007 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 841JX UT WOS:000222927200003 PM 15234516 ER PT J AU Shelton, DR Higgins, JA Van Kessel, JAS Pachepsky, YA Belt, K Karns, JS AF Shelton, DR Higgins, JA Van Kessel, JAS Pachepsky, YA Belt, K Karns, JS TI Estimation of viable Escherichia coli O157 in surface waters using enrichment in conjunction with immunological detection SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE E coli O157; enterohemorrhagic E. coli; water-bome pathogens; pathogen detection; immunological detection; microbial water quality ID OUTBREAK AB The use of a minimal lactose enrichment broth (MLB) in conjunction with immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence detection (IM-ECL) was evaluated for the estimation of viable Escherichia coli O157 populations in surface water samples. In principle, E. coli O157 populations (C-initial (E.) (coli) (O157)) can be derived from enrichment data according to the equation: C-initial E. coli (O157) = C-initial (colifoms) x (C-final E. coli O157/C-final (colifoms)) assuming that the growth rates and lag times of water-borne E. coli O157 and collective coliforms are sufficiently comparable, or at least consistent. We have previously described a protocol for determining C-final E. coli O157 in MLB-enriched water samples. In the present study, 80% of coliforms (red/pink colonies on MacConkey Agar) grew in MLB, indicating that this provides reasonably accurate estimates Of Cinitial (coliforms). Estimates of C-final (coliforms) were determined from turbidity data. Initial E. coli O157 populations (C-initial (E. coli O157)) were calculated for 33 Baltimore watershed samples giving a positive IM-ECL response. The majority of samples contained E. coli O157 concentrations of <1 cell per 100 ml. These data indicate that E. coli O157 are present in surface water samples but at very low levels. Growth rates for MLB-enriched coliforms were highly variable (k = 0.47 +/- 0.13 h(-1), n = 72). There was no correlation between growth rates and any measured water parameter, suggesting that coliform populations in water samples are spatially and temporally unique. Although variability in growth rates was expected to yield some low values, the fact that most E. coli O157 concentrations were < 1 suggests that other factor(s) were also responsible. Studies with E. coli O157:H7 and wild-type E. coli suggest that increased lag times due to starvation were at least partially responsible for the observed data. Based on estimates of C-initial (coliforms) and k(coliforms), MLB was evaluated for sensitivity and quantitativeness. Simulated populations of E. coli O157:H7 at stationary phase varied from ca. 10(3) to 10(8) cells ml(-1) enrichment culture. Although not suitable for quantitation, MLB enrichment in conjunction with IM-ECL can detect as few as one viable water-borne E. coli O157 cell per 100 ml surface water. Experiments are in progress to evaluate alternative media for sensitivity and quantitative detection of enterohemorrhagic E. coli. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, USDA, Forest Serv, Baltimore Ecosyst Study LTER, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RP Shelton, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sheltond@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 13 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.03.017 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 841JX UT WOS:000222927200007 PM 15234520 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Casadesus, G AF Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Casadesus, G TI Multiple effects of fruits and vegetables in neuronal and behavioral aging SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Transactions-of-the-American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 14-18, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Transact Amer Soc Neurochem C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Pharmacol, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 SU 1 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 852NB UT WOS:000223760900087 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG DeMars, LCS AF Reeves, PG DeMars, LCS TI Copper deficiency reduces iron absorption and biological half-life in male rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE copper; iron; absorption; biological half-life; rats ID AIN-93 PURIFIED DIETS; IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES; CERULOPLASMIN; TRANSPORT; HEPHAESTIN; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; NUTRITION; RODENTS; ANEMIA AB Dietary copper deficiency (CuD) in rats leads to iron (Fe) deficiency anemia. Is this because CuD reduces Fe absorption? Fe absorption in CuD rats was determined by feeding diets labeled with Fe-59 and using whole-body counting (WBC) to assess the amount retained over time. Two groups, each with 45 male weanling rats, were fed an AIN-93G diet low in Cu ( < 0.3 mg/kg; CuD) or one containing adequate Cu (5.0 mg/kg; CuA). At intervals over the next 42 d, 5 rats per group were killed and blood was drawn to determine hematocrit, hemoglobin, and other indicators of Fe status. At d 7 and 25, 5 rats per group were fed 1.0 g of their respective diets that had been labeled with 59Fe. Retained Fe-59 was monitored for 10 d by WBC; then rats were killed and Fe-59 was measured in various organs. Signs of Fe deficiency, such as low hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC count, were evident in CuD rats by d 14. At d 7, CuD rats absorbed 90% as much Fe as CuA rats (P > 0.20), but at d 25, CuD rats absorbed only 50% as much as CuA rats (P < 0.001). In the study beginning at d 7, the biological half-life (BHL) of Fe-59 in CuD rats was less (P < 0.02) than that in CuA rats [geometric mean (-SEM, +SEM); 75(62,91) d vs. 175(156,195) d]. In the study beginning at d 25, the BHL was again less (P < 0.02) in the CuD rats than in the CuA rats [33(23,49) d for CuD and 157(148,166) d for CuA]. Apparently, the route of Fe loss in the CuD rats was through the gut. At d 16 and 34, CuD rats lost 4 to 5 times more (P < 0.01) Fe-59 in the feces in a 24-h period than the CuA rats. Also, Fe-59 in the duodenal mucosa of CuD rats was similar to100% higher (P < 0.01) than in CuA rats. These findings suggest that Fe deficiency anemia in CuD male rats is caused at least in part by reductions in Fe absorption and retention. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM preeves@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 134 IS 8 BP 1953 EP 1957 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 847ZR UT WOS:000223437100018 PM 15284382 ER PT J AU Penland, JG Prohaska, JR AF Penland, JG Prohaska, JR TI Abnormal motor function persists following recovery from perinatal copper deficiency in rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE copper deficiency; rats; motor function; behavior; copper repletion ID MICE; DIET AB What are the biochemical and behavioral consequences, of perinatal copper deficiency? Pregnant Holtzman rats were fed a modified AIN-76A diet low in copper (0.34 mg Cu/kg and 42 mg Fe/kg) starting on gestation d 7. Seven rats received copper in their drinking water (20 mg Cu/L) (+Cu) and 7 drank deionized water (-Cu). Treatments did not affect litter size or pregnancy outcome. Compared with +Cu dams and a sample of +Cu male weanling [postnatal day (P)21] offspring, -Cu rats exhibited signs consistent with copper deficiency. P21 males were switched to a nonpurified copper-adequate diet and sampled biochemically after 3 mo and behaviorally after 3 and 6 mo of repletion (CuR). Compared with controls, CuR rats had lower brain copper and iron levels 3 and 6 mo after repletion; other biochemical differences were not detected. Behavioral assessments after 5 mo of repletion indicated a persistent impairment in motor function of CuR compared with control rats as evaluated by the accelerating rotorod procedure. These results suggest that permanent impairment to motor function can persist after long-term recovery from perinatal copper deficiency. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Prohaska, JR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM jprohask@d.umn.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-39708] NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 134 IS 8 BP 1984 EP 1988 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 847ZR UT WOS:000223437100023 PM 15284387 ER PT J AU Ferreira, ALD Yeum, KJ Russell, RM Krinsky, NI Tang, GW AF Ferreira, ALD Yeum, KJ Russell, RM Krinsky, NI Tang, GW TI Enzymatic and oxidative metabolites of lycopene (vol 14, pg 531, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction DE lycopene; rat; metabolites; oxidation; cleavage; enzyme ID CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CAROTENE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PROSTATE-CANCER; TOMATO JUICE; RETINOL; ACID; INHIBITION; INDUCTION AB Using the post-mitochondrial fraction of rat intestinal mucosa, we have investigated lycopene metabolism. The incubation media was composed of NAD(+), KCl, and DTT with or without added lipoxygenase. The addition of lipoxygenase into the incubation significantly increased the production of lycopene metabolites. The enzymatic incubation products of H-2(10) lycopene were separated using high-performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometer and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectroscopy. We have identified two types of products: cleavage products and oxidation products. The cleavage products are likely: (1) 3-keto-apo-13-lycopenone (C18H24O2 or 6,10,14-trimethyl-12-one-3,5,7,9,13-pentadecapentaen-2-one) with lambdamax = 365 nm and m/z = 272 and (2) 3,4-dehydro-5,6-dihydro-15-apo-lycopenal (C20H28O or 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8,12,14-hexadecahexaen-1-al) with lambdamax = 380 nm and m/z = 284. The oxidative metabolites are likely: (3) 2-ene-5,8-lycopenal-furanoxide (C37H50O) with lambdamax = 415 nm, 435 nm, and 470 nm, and m/z = 510; (4) lycopene-5, 6, 5', 6'-diepoxide (C40H56O2) with lambdamax = 415 nm, 440 nm, and 470 nm, and m/z = 568; (5) lycopene-5,8-furanoxide isomer (1) (C40H56O) with lambdamax = 410 nm, 440 nm, and 470 nm, and m/z = 552; (6) lycopene-5,8-epoxide isomer (II) (C40H56O) with lambdamax = 410, 440, 470 nm, and m/z = 552; and (7) 3-keto-lycopene-5',8'-furanoxide (C40H54O2) with lambdamax = 400 nm, 420 nm, and 450 nm, and m/z = 566. These results demonstrate that both central and excentric cleavage of lycopene occurs in the rat intestinal mucosa in the presence of soy lipoxygenase. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, Fac Med, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM guangwen.tang@tufts.edu NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 15 IS 8 BP 493 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(03)001074-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 850YH UT WOS:000223649800008 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Navarro, IT Sreekumar, C Dahl, E Freire, RL Kawabata, HH Vianna, MCB Kwok, OCH Shen, SK Thulliez, P Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Navarro, IT Sreekumar, C Dahl, E Freire, RL Kawabata, HH Vianna, MCB Kwok, OCH Shen, SK Thulliez, P Lehmann, T TI Toxoplasma godii infections in cats from Parana, Brazil: Seroprevalence, tissue distribution, and biologic and genetic characterization of isolates SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GONDII OOCYSTS; CHICKENS; CYSTS; BRADYZOITES; RESPONSES; IMMUNITY; GENOTYPE; SHEEP; MICE AB Cats are important in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii because they are the only hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts. The prevalence of T. gondii was determined in 58 domestic cats from 51 homes from Santa Isabel do Ivai, Parana State, Brazil where a water-associated outbreak of acute toxoplasmosis had occurred in humans. Antibodies to T. gondii were found with the modified agglutination test in 49 of 58 (84.4%) cats at a serum dilution of 1:20. Tissues (brain, heart. and skeletal muscle) of 54 of these cats were bioassayed in T. gondii-free, laboratory-reared cats; T. gondii oocysts were excreted by 33 cats that were fed feline tissues. Brains from these 54 cats were bioassayed in mice; T. gondii was isolated from 7. Skeletal muscles and hearts of 15 cats were also bioassayed in mice; T. gondii was isolated from skeletal muscles of 9 and hearts of 13. The results indicate that T. gondii localizes in muscle tissue more than the brains of cats. In total there were 37 T. gondii isolates from 54 cats. Most isolates of T. gondii were virulent for mice. Genotyping of the 3 7 isolates of T. gondii, using the SAG2 locus, revealed that 15 isolates were type I and 22 were type III. The absence of type II genotype in cats in this study is consistent with the previous studies on T. gondii isolates from Brazil and is noteworthy because most T gondii isolates from the United States are type II. These findings support the view that Brazilian and North American T. gondii isolates are genetically distinct. This is the first report of genotyping of T. gondii isolates from the domestic cat. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 31 TC 93 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 IS 4 BP 721 EP 726 DI 10.1645/GE-382R PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 849EI UT WOS:000223521100010 PM 15359466 ER PT J AU Canada, N Meireles, CS Mezo, M Gonzalez-Warleta, M da Costa, JMC Sreekumar, C Hill, DE Miska, KB Dubey, JP AF Canada, N Meireles, CS Mezo, M Gonzalez-Warleta, M da Costa, JMC Sreekumar, C Hill, DE Miska, KB Dubey, JP TI First isolation of Neospora caninum from an aborted bovine fetus in Spain SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; NORTHERN SPAIN; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; DAIRY; SEROPREVALENCE; OOCYSTS AB Neospora caninum was isolated from the brain of a 6-mo-old aborted bovine fetus from Galicia, Spain. The fetal brain homogenate was inoculated intraperitoneally into cortisonized mice. The peritoneal exudate from the infected mice, along with mouse sarcoma cells (Tg180), was inoculated into a second group of mice, and parasites were harvested from the peritoneal exudate. The parasites were adapted to in vitro growth in Vero monolayers. The tachyzoites from the peritoneal exudate reacted positively with anti-N. caninum antibodies and not with anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies on indirect fluorescent antibody test. The tachyzoites were lethal to interferon gamma gene knock out (KO) mice and could be identified immunohistochemically in the tissues. The identity of the parasite was also confirmed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of N. caninum-specific fragments. The sequences of the amplified gene 5 fragments (GenBank AY494944) were found to be identical to that of an Austrian isolate of N. caninum but not to that of NC-1. This is the first isolation of viable N. caninum from Spain. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Porto, Abel Salazar Inst Biomed Sci, ICBAS, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Univ Porto, Ctr Study Anim Sci, CECA, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Ctr Invest Agr Mabegondo, La Coruna 15318, Spain. INSA, Ctr Parasite Immunol & Biol, P-4000509 Oporto, Portugal. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Canada, Nuno/0000-0003-1446-4933; Correia da Costa, Jose Manuel/0000-0001-6591-4303; Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 IS 4 BP 863 EP 864 DI 10.1645/GE-306 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 849EI UT WOS:000223521100034 PM 15357083 ER PT J AU Ekanayake, DK Rajapakse, RPVJ Dubey, JP Dittus, WPJ AF Ekanayake, DK Rajapakse, RPVJ Dubey, JP Dittus, WPJ TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHESUS-MONKEYS; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS AB From a natural population that inhabits the dry evergreen forest at Polonnaruwa, serum samples of 170 toque macaques were examined for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test. Of these, 21 (12%) were found with titers of 1:16 in 9, 1: 32 in 9, 1:256 in 1, 1:1,024 in 1, and 1:4,096 in 1. There was no evidence of maternal transmission of antibodies or congenital toxoplasmosis. None of the infected macaques died within 1 yr after sampling. Toxoplasma gondii infection was closely linked to human environments where domestic cats were common. Macaques having frequent contact with human settlements showed a significantly greater (P < 0.0001) prevalence (19% infected) than macaques restricted to forest habitat, none of which was infected. Although infection with T. gondii has been noted in several species of Asian primates, this is the first report of T. gondii antibodies in toque macaques (Macaca sinica) that are endemic to the island of Sri Lanka. C1 Univ Peradeniya, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Inst Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E,Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 IS 4 BP 870 EP 871 DI 10.1645/GE-291R PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 849EI UT WOS:000223521100038 PM 15357087 ER PT J AU Kniel, KE Sumner, SS Pierson, MD Zajac, AM Hackney, CR Fayer, R Lindsay, DS AF Kniel, KE Sumner, SS Pierson, MD Zajac, AM Hackney, CR Fayer, R Lindsay, DS TI Effect of hydrogen peroxide and other protease inhibitors on Cryptosporidium parvum excystation and in vitro development SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; PROTEINASE ACTIVITY; SERINE-PROTEASE; OOCYSTS; SPOROZOITES; CELLS; INVASION; IDENTIFICATION; INACTIVATION; MEROZOITES AB This study was undertaken to observe the effects of hydrogen peroxide on Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with respect to protease activity in comparison to known protease inhibitors. In assessing the possible mechanisms of action of hydrogen peroxide, treatment effectiveness was analyzed using 3 assays and the potential roles of proteases and cations were considered. Treatment of C. parvum oocysts with hydrogen peroxide inhibited protease activity up to 50% compared with untreated controls. Treatment of oocysts with chemicals that affect sulfhydryls, including N-ethylmaleimide and dithiolthreitol, inhibited protease activity by > 90%. Treatment of oocysts with these chemicals, along with the protease inhibitors, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, and cystatin, inhibited protease activity as well as in vitro excystation and infection in a cell culture assay. Several mechanisms may result in the successful inhibition of infection and excystation by hydrogen peroxide treatment, including: oxidation of oocyst wall proteins or lipids, chelating of cations necessary for infection, or hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage to sporozoites, or both. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kniel, KE (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kniel@udel.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 IS 4 BP 885 EP 888 DI 10.1645/GE-203R1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 849EI UT WOS:000223521100044 PM 15357093 ER PT J AU Spencer, JA Joiner, KS Hilton, CD Dubey, JP Toivio-Kinnucan, M Minc, JK Blagburn, BL AF Spencer, JA Joiner, KS Hilton, CD Dubey, JP Toivio-Kinnucan, M Minc, JK Blagburn, BL TI Disseminated toxoplasmosis in a captive ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GONDII OOCYSTS; ANTIBODIES AB A 3-yr-old secundiparous female ring-tailed lemur presented to the Auburn University Small Animal Clinic with signs of dyspnea, lethargy, and anorexia. The animal died before she could be examined, and a full necropsy was immediately performed. Provisional necropsy findings included moderate pneumonia and hepatopathy. Acute interstitial pneumonia and focal hepatocellular necrosis were confirmed histologically. Lung impression smears, histopathology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and tissue culture isolation resulted in a diagnosis of acute disseminated Toxoplasma gondii infection, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The isolate of T gondii was avirulent for mice and was named AU Tg1 and genetically is type II. The source of the infection remains unclear, but speculation suggests contaminated fruit or blackbirds (Passeriformes: Icteridae) acting as transport hosts for oocysts from nondomestic felids and feral cats on the property. C1 Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Spencer, JA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, 122 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM spencja@vetmed.auburn.edu NR 17 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 IS 4 BP 904 EP 906 DI 10.1645/GE-249R PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 849EI UT WOS:000223521100052 PM 15357101 ER PT J AU Szabo, KA Mense, MG Lipscomb, TP Felix, KJ Dubey, JP AF Szabo, KA Mense, MG Lipscomb, TP Felix, KJ Dubey, JP TI Fatal toxoplasmosis in a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; WILD BIRDS; GONDII AB Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were identified in the myocardium of a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) that died of necrotizing myocarditis. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with T. gondii-specific polyclonal antibodies. This is a new host record for T. gondii. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Glenwood Pet Hosp, Erie, PA 16509 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 IS 4 BP 907 EP 908 DI 10.1645/GE-270R PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 849EI UT WOS:000223521100053 PM 15357102 ER PT J AU Robichaud, RL Lessard, VC Merkle, SA AF Robichaud, RL Lessard, VC Merkle, SA TI Treatments effecting maturation and germination of American chestnut somatic embryos SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absinic acid; amino acids; Castanea dentata; conversion; polyethylene glycol; somatic embryogenesis; somatic seedlings ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; STORAGE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ABSCISIC-ACID; WHITE SPRUCE; PICEA-GLAUCA; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; EMBRYOGENESIS; IMPROVEMENT; BLIGHT AB The effects of amino acids, abscisic acid (ABA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and elevated sucrose were tested on the maturation and germination of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) somatic embryos. Somatic embryos from three tines were matured over an eight week period through a two-stage process. After maturation, somatic embryos were randomly divided into three groups to measure dry weight/ fresh weight ratios, starch levels, and germination rates. Prior to transfer to germination medium, somatic embryos received a four week cold treatment. While some treatments with amino acids, elevated sucrose, PEG or ABA increased either dry weight/fresh weight ratios, starch content or both, only addition of 25mM L-asparagine significantly increased germination rate and taproot length, and this response was only obtained with one of the three lines tested. Six plants survived the transfer to potting mix, acclimatization to greenhouse conditions and field planting. (C) 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Nat Resources Inventory & Anal Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Merkle, SA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM merkte@forestry.uga.edu NR 41 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 11 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 161 IS 8 BP 957 EP 969 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2004.03.003 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 849PK UT WOS:000223551800008 PM 15384407 ER PT J AU Wijey, C Crawford, CG Tu, SI Paoli, GC AF Wijey, C Crawford, CG Tu, SI Paoli, GC TI Effect of bacterial protein extraction reagent combined with sodium azide on the detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 using immunomagnetic-electrochemiluminescence SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID O157-H7; IMMUNOASSAYS; SENSOR; FOODS AB Immunomagnetic capture combined with electrochemiluminescent detection (IM-ECL) is a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms from food. Prior to ECL detection enriched samples are often heated to reduce the viability of pathogens. In this work, a number of cell-lysis reagents and biocides were examined as altematives to the heat treatment step to decrease bacterial viability in enriched samples as well as to improve the IM-ECL detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. A combination of Bacterial Protein Extraction Reagent (B-PER), a nonionic detergent, and sodium azide (NaN3) decreased bacterial viability to below the level of detection (<10 cells/mL) in ground beef enrichments and resulted in a 6-fold increase in the sensitivity of IM-ECL detection of E. coli O157.H7. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wijey, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM cwijey@arserrc.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI '. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 12 IS 2 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.tb00054.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 846WY UT WOS:000223351400003 ER PT J AU Stahl, DC Wolfe, RW Begel, M AF Stahl, DC Wolfe, RW Begel, M TI Improved analysis of timber rivet connections SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID TO-GRAIN AB Timber rivets are fasteners for glued-laminated timber construction that were first sanctioned for use in the United Stated by adoption in the 1997 National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). Rivet connections can exhibit a brittle failure when a volume of wood bounded by the perimeter of the rivets pulls out from the timber, or a ductile I failure due to a combination of fastener yielding and localized wood crushing. The NDS approach to the former failure mode is so complex that closed form solution is not possible and designers must refer to limited tabular data, and the NDS approach to the latter failure mode is inconsistent with the approach used for other dowel fasteners. This paper describes an improved analysis based on, the capacity of wood failure planes and the well-established dowel fastener yield model. Results of tests of large rivet connections highlighting the crossover from ductile to brittle failure modes verify the analysis. In addition, these results provide the first data for timber rivets in Southern Pine glued-laminated timber. C1 Milwaukee Sch Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. USDA Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Stahl, DC (reprint author), Milwaukee Sch Engn, Architectural Engn & Bldg Construct,1025 N Broadw, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. EM stahl@msoe.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 8 BP 1272 EP 1279 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:8(1272) PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 842JL UT WOS:000223000100016 ER PT J AU Lu, RF AF Lu, RF TI Prediction of apple fruit firmness by near-infrared multispectral scattering SO JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE-SOLIDS; SUGAR CONTENT; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; NIR-SPECTROSCOPY; PEACHES; QUALITY AB The objective of this research was to predict fruit firmness by developing and evaluating a multispectral imaging system for real time acquisition of scattering images from apple fruit. A circular broadband light beam was used to generate light backscattering at the surface of apple fruit and scattering images were acquired, using a common aperture multispectral imaging system, from Red Delicious apple fruit for wavelengths at 680, 880, 905, and 940 nm. Scattering images were reduced to produce one-dimensional spectral scattering profiles by radial averaging, which were then input into a backpropagation neural network for predicting apple fruit firmness. The neural network performed best when 10 neurons and 20 epochs were used. With three ratios of spectral profiles involving all four wavelengths, the neural network gave firmness predictions with the correlation of 0.76 and the standard error of 6.2 N for the validation samples. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, RF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0022-4901 J9 J TEXTURE STUD JI J. Texture Stud. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 263 EP 276 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2004.tb00837.x PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 856XE UT WOS:000224078500003 ER PT J AU Wiles, JL Green, BW Bryant, R AF Wiles, JL Green, BW Bryant, R TI Texture Profile Analysis and composition of a minced catfish product SO JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; FROZEN STORAGE; FISH MUSCLE; SURIMI; FRAMES AB Texture Profile Analysis of minced catfish products indicated that minced proteins from the belly flap meat have excellent functional properties to form gels or restructured products. Belly flap meat is considered a low-value trimming, with about 16.9% protein and 11.2% total lipid. Washing of minced catfish trimmings increased the moisture content from 71.5% to 77.9% while reducing mechanical hardness (19.1 N to 11.9 N), chewiness index (14.2 N to 8.83 N) and shear energy (0.82 J to 0.51 J). No significant changes were found in cohesiveness, resilience, and springiness of the minced fish after washing or the addition of 3.3% (vlw) of 4% starch solution. Washing of minced fish reduced the total lipid content from 9.82% to 4.39%. Overall, washed minced channel catfish belly flap meat had functional characteristics that enabled its proteins to be formed and restructured. Products made from minced catfish had acceptable textural characteristics. C1 USDA ARS, Aquacultural Syst Res Unit, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Green, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquacultural Syst Res Unit, 1200 N Univ Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM bgreen@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0022-4901 J9 J TEXTURE STUD JI J. Texture Stud. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 325 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2004.tb00841.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 856XE UT WOS:000224078500007 ER PT J AU Kim, J Paik, HY Joung, H Woodhouse, LR Li, SJ King, JC AF Kim, J Paik, HY Joung, H Woodhouse, LR Li, SJ King, JC TI Zinc supplementation reduces fractional zinc absorption in young and elderly Korean women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE zn supplementation; zinc status; zinc absorption; aging; humans ID X CALCIUM-ZINC; STABLE-ISOTOPE; MILLIMOLAR RATIOS; SMALL-INTESTINE; PHYTATE-ZINC; HOMEOSTASIS; METALLOTHIONEIN; HUMANS; METABOLISM; PANCREAS AB Background: Adjustments in zinc losses and absorption are thought to maintain zinc homeostasis with changes in intake, but the capacity to make these adjustments appears to be affected by aging. Zinc status of the individual may also influence adjustments in fractional zinc absorption. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of changes in zinc status due to zinc supplementation on fractional zinc absorption in young and elderly Korean women. Design: Zinc status and absorption were measured initially in 15 young (20-24 yr) and 15 elderly women (64-75 yr) confined to a metabolic unit and consuming a typical Korean diet. Upon discharge from the unit the women were supplemented with 22 mg zinc/d for 28 days. On d 20, the women returned to the unit for measurement of zinc status and absorption. Fractional zinc absorption (FZA) was estimated from the same typical Korean breakfast at both time points using the dual isotopic tracer method. Zinc stable isotopic ratios were measured in urine samples collected for 3 days following isotope administration. Results: Plasma and urinary zinc concentrations increased significantly with zinc supplementation in the young but not the elderly women. FZA decreased following zinc supplementation in the young women from 22 to 8% (p < 0.0001) and in the elderly women from 19 to 10% (p < 0.0001). The decline in young women was greater than that in elderly women (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both young and elderly women reduced their efficiency of zinc absorption with zinc supplementation. But, plasma and urinary zinc concentrations did not increase in the elderly following zinc supplementation suggesting that age altered the use of the additional zinc. C1 Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Seoul, South Korea. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM jking@chori.org NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 309 EP 315 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 848KH UT WOS:000223465800003 PM 15310734 ER PT J AU Hsu, AF Jones, KC Foglia, TA Marmer, WN AF Hsu, AF Jones, KC Foglia, TA Marmer, WN TI Continuous production of ethyl esters of grease using an immobilized lipase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE alkyl esters; biodiesel; bioreactor; esterification; grease ID PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA LIPASE; PHYLLOSILICATE SOL-GEL; CATALYZED PRODUCTION; SUNFLOWER OIL; ALKYL ESTERS; BIODIESEL AB The continuous production of ethyl esters of grease using a phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized lipase from Burkholderias cepacia (IM BS-30) as catalyst was investigated. Enzymatic transesterification was carried out in a recirculating packed-column reactor using IM BS-30 as the stationary phase and ethanol and restaurant grease as the substrates without solvent. The bioreactor was operated at various temperatures (40-60degreesC), flow rates (5-50 mL/min), and times (8-48 h) to optimize ester production. Under the optimal operating conditions (flow rate, 30 mL/min; temperature, 50degreesC; mole ratio of substrates, 4:1 ethanol/grease; reaction time, 48 h), the ester yields were >96%. The IM BS-30 could be reused in the reactor for continuous ester production. The conversion of grease to ester was monitored by HPLC and GC, whereas free and total glycerol content in the product was determined by GC. Either water-washing or silica column chromatography reduced the free and total glycerol content of the ethyl ester preparation to acceptable levels. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hsu, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ahsu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 81 IS 8 BP 749 EP 752 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-0973-9 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 857IF UT WOS:000224109000005 ER PT J AU Holser, RA Bost, G AF Holser, RA Bost, G TI Hybrid hibiscus seed oil compositions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE defatted meal; fatty acid composition; Hibiscus; oilseeds; triglycerides ID PROTEIN-SOURCE; ROSELLE SEEDS; EXTRACTION; KENAF AB The seeds of cultivated Hibiscus spp. were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide, and the resulting extracts were analyzed to identify the major TG components as the corresponding FAME. The seed oils were composed predominantly of oleic and linoleic FA (69.6-83.4%) with lesser amounts of palmitic acid (14.8-27.0%). Minor amounts of C14, C18, and C20 saturated FA were also detected. The oil content of the seeds was determined to be between 11.8 and 22.1 wt% for hybrid varieties and between 8.9 and 29.5 wt% for the native species from which the hybrid varieties were developed. The protein content of the defatted seed meal averaged 20% for the hybrid varieties. The composition of the extracted hibiscus seed oils suggests potential edible applications. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Grp, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Village Bot Inc, Waller, TX 77484 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Grp, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM holserra@ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 81 IS 8 BP 795 EP 797 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-0980-x PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 857IF UT WOS:000224109000012 ER PT J AU Xu, JY Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Carriere, CJ AF Xu, JY Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Carriere, CJ TI Cross-linkers control the viscoelastic properties of soybean oil-based biomaterials SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biodegradable material; rheology; soybean oil; viscoelastic properties AB Because of environmental concerns, biodegradable materials have been of increasing research interest over the last several years. Previously, we reported on a biobased material developed from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) that displayed viscoelastic behavior similar to synthetic rubbers or plastics. In this work, the viscoelastic properties of several biomaterials made from ESO cross-linked by different amounts of two different cross-linking agents were investigated. The composites exhibited different glass transition temperatures and viscoelastic behaviors depending on the type and amount of cross-linker used. Higher glass transition temperatures and stronger viscoelastic properties of the materials were found with a greater amount of cross-linker. Comparing agent triethylene glycol diamine (TGD) with agent triethylenetriamine (TETA), we found that the material cross-linked by TETA had a higher glass transition temperature and stronger viscoelastic solid properties than the material cross-linked by the agent TGD. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Xu, JY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM xuj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 81 IS 8 BP 813 EP 816 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-0984-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 857IF UT WOS:000224109000016 ER PT J AU Beebee, RA Manga, M AF Beebee, RA Manga, M TI Variation in the relationship between snowmelt runoff in Oregon and ENSO and PDO SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE surface water hydrology; snowmelt runoff; climate change; El Nino/Southern oscillation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Oregon ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC DECADAL VARIABILITY; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; WATER-RESOURCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; PRECIPITATION; TELECONNECTIONS; PREDICTABILITY; EVOLUTION AB The value of using climate indices such as ENSO or PDO in water resources predictions is dependent on understanding the local relationship between these indices and streamflow over time. This study identifies long term seasonal and spatial variations in the strength of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) correlations with timing and magnitude of discharge in snowmelt streams in Oregon. ENSO is best correlated with variability in annual discharge, and PDO is best correlated with spring snowmelt timing and magnitude and timing of annual floods. Streams in the Cascades and Wallowa mountains show the strongest correlations, while the southernmost stream is not correlated with ENSO or PDO. ENSO correlations are weaker from 1920 to 1950 and vary significantly depending on whether Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) or Nino 3.4 is used. PDO correlations are strong from 1920 to 1950 and weak or insignificant other years. Although there are not consistent increasing or decreasing trends in annual discharge or spring snowmelt timing, there are significant increases in fractional winter runoff that are independent of precipitation, PDO, or ENSO and may indicate monotonic winter warming. C1 US Forest Serv, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beebee, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 204 Siginaka Way, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. EM rbeebee@fs.fed.us RI Manga, Michael/D-3847-2013; OI Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 NR 41 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1011 EP 1024 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01063.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 850JQ UT WOS:000223607600014 ER PT J AU Kroel-Dulay, G Odor, P Peters, DPC Hochstrasser, T AF Kroel-Dulay, G Odor, P Peters, DPC Hochstrasser, T TI Distribution of plant species at a biome transition zone in New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE association; Bouteloua gracilis; Bouteloua eriopoda; Chihuahuan desert grassland; geographic range; life form; patch mosaic; semi-arid grassland; short-grass steppe; soil texture; species composition ID GRASSLAND ECOTONE; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; MODEL; ESTABLISHMENT; RECRUITMENT; DIVERSITY; GRADIENTS AB Question: Is there a difference in plant species and life form composition between two major patch types at a biome transition zone? Are subordinate species associated with different patch types at the shortgrass steppe - Chihuahuan desert grassland transition zone? Is this association related to differences in soil texture between patch types and the geographic range of associated species? Location: central New Mexico, USA. Methods: Patches dominated by either Bouteloua gracilis, the dominant species in the shortgrass steppe, or Bouteloua eriopoda, dominant species in the Chihuahuan desert grasslands. were sampled for the occurrence of subordinate species and soil texture within a 1500-ha transitional mosaic of patches. Results: Of the 52 subordinate species analysed, 16 species were associated with B. gracilis-dominated patches and 12 species with B. eriopoda-dominated patches. Patches dominated by B. gracilis were richer in annual grasses and forbs, whereas patches dominated by B. eriopoda contained more perennials forbs and shrubs. Soils of B. gracilis-dominated patches had higher clay and lower rock contents compared with soils of B. eriopoda-dominated patches. Differences in species characteristics of the dominant species as well as differences in soil texture between patch types contribute to patch-scale variation in composition. The association of species to patch types was not related to their geographic range and occurrence in the adjacent biomes. Conclusions: Patch types at this biome transition zone have characteristic life-form and species composition, but species are associated to patch types due to local constraints, independently from their affinity to the adjacent biomes. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Bot, H-2163 Vacratot, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Plant Taxon & Ecol, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary. New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Kroel-Dulay, G (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Bot, H-2163 Vacratot, Hungary. EM gyuri@botanika.hu OI Hochstrasser, Tamara/0000-0002-4277-7876 NR 45 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 531 EP 538 DI 10.1658/1100-9233(2004)015[0531:DOPSAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 835QU UT WOS:000222501400011 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Suarez, DL AF Lee, CW Suarez, DL TI Application of real-time RT-PCR for the quantitation and competitive replication study of H5 and H7 subtype avian influenza virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; real-time RT-PCR; virus titration; quantification ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LIVE BIRD MARKETS; UNITED-STATES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; POULTRY; IDENTIFICATION AB Avian influenza (AI) viruses are endemic in wild birds and if transmitted to poultry can cause serious economic losses. In the study of AI, the quantitation of virus shed from infected birds is valuable in pathogenesis studies and to determine the effectiveness of vaccines, and is performed routinely by cultivation of virus containing samples using embryonating chicken eggs (ECE) and expressed by 50% egg infectious dose (EID50). Although, this assay is accurate and is the standard test for infectious virus titration, the method is laborious, requires a large number of ECE, and takes at least 7 days to determine results. In this study, a one-tube hydrolysis fluorescent probe based real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR) was applied for the quantitation of AI virus and compared with conventional virus titration method. A strong positive correlation was observed between the amount of RNA determined by quantitative RRT-PCR and the EID(50)s determined by conventional methods. This RRT-PCR test was further applied in the study of competitive replication of co-infected H5 and H7 subtype viruses in chickens. Using hemagglutinin subtype specific probes, we were able to determine the amount of individual subtype virus, which could not have easily been done with conventional methods. This RRT-PCR based quantitation of AI virus, which is specific, sensitive, easy to perform, and rapid, will be useful for virological, pathogenesis, and protection studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 23 TC 84 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 2004 VL 119 IS 2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.03.014 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 828MX UT WOS:000221978500013 PM 15158597 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Senne, DA Suarez, DL AF Lee, CW Senne, DA Suarez, DL TI Effect of vaccine use in the evolution of Mexican lineage H5N2 avian influenza virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-BRONCHITIS VIRUS; ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; A VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ; CHICKENS; EFFICACY; SUBTYPE; VIRULENCE AB An outbreak of avian influenza (AI) caused by a low-pathogenic H5N2 type A influenza virus began in Mexico in 1993 and several highly pathogenic strains of the virus emerged in 1994-1995. The highly pathogenic virus has not been reported since 1996, but the low-pathogenic virus remains endemic in Mexico and has spread to two adjacent countries, Guatemala and El Salvador. Measures implemented to control the outbreak and eradicate the virus in Mexico have included a widespread vaccination program in effect since 1995. Because this is the first case of long-term use of AI vaccines in poultry, the Mexican lineage virus presented us with a unique opportunity to examine the evolution of type A influenza virus circulating in poultry populations where there was elevated herd immunity due to maternal and active immunity. We analyzed the coding sequence of the HA1 subunit and the NS gene of 52 Mexican lineage viruses that were isolated between 1993 and 2002. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of multiple sublineages of Mexican lineage isolates at the time vaccine was introduced. Further, most of the viruses isolated after the introduction of vaccine belonged to sublineages separate from the vaccine's sublineage. Serologic analysis using hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization tests showed major antigenic differences among isolates belonging to the different sublineages. Vaccine protection studies further confirmed the in vitro serologic results indicating that commercial vaccine was not able to prevent virus shedding when chickens were challenged with antigenically different isolates. These findings indicate that multilineage antigenic drift, which has not been observed in AI virus, is occurring in the Mexican lineage AI viruses and the persistence of the virus in the field is likely aided by its large antigenic difference from the vaccine strain. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 40 TC 223 Z9 239 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 78 IS 15 BP 8372 EP 8381 DI 10.1128/jvi.78.15.8372-8381.2004 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 839AL UT WOS:000222755600052 PM 15254209 ER PT J AU Carmel, Y Flather, CH AF Carmel, Y Flather, CH TI Comparing landscape scale vegetation dynamics following recent disturbance in climatically similar sites in California and the Mediterranean basin SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California; convergent evolution; disturbance history; Israel; landscape dynamics; Mediterranean-type ecosystems; vegetation change ID OAK REGENERATION; CONVERGENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLAND; MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; WOODLAND; ISRAEL; FIRE AB A long line of inquiry on the notion of ecological convergence has compared ecosystem structure and function between areas that are evolutionarily unrelated but under the same climate regime. Much of this literature has focused on quantifying the degree to which animal morphology or plant physiognomy is alike between disjunct areas. An important property of ecosystems is their behavior following disturbance. Yet, this aspect of ecosystems has not been investigated in a comparative study of convergence. If different ecosystems are under similar environmental controls, then one would predict that the rates and patterns of response to disturbance would also be similar. The objective of this study is to compare landscape dynamics following disturbance using spatiotemporal models to quantify vegetation change in Mediterranean ecosystems found in California and Israel. We model the process of tree and shrub regeneration at the landscape scale in two similar study sites in Israel (Mount Meron) and California (Hasting Nature Reserve). During the periods studied (1964-1992 for Israel and 1971-1995 for California), average annual change in tree cover was 5 times larger in Israel than in California. Based on multiple regression models, differences were found in the relative importance of specific variables predicting vegetation change. In Hastings (California), initial tree cover accounted for most of the explained variability in 1995 tree cover (partial R(2) = 0.71), while in Meron (Israel) grazing type and intensity, topography indices, and initial vegetation each accounted for about a third of the explained variability. These findings support the notion that traits such as regeneration pattern and rate, both at the individual level and at the landscape level, were largely affected by the human land use history of the region. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Carmel, Y (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM yohay@tx.technion.ac.il RI Carmel, Yohay/G-4362-2011; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Carmel, Yohay/0000-0002-5883-0184; Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 573 EP 590 DI 10.1023/B:LAND.0000042874.94085.28 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 857FC UT WOS:000224100600001 ER PT J AU Wimberly, MC Ohmann, JL AF Wimberly, MC Ohmann, JL TI A multi-scale assessment of human and environmental constraints on forest land cover change on the Oregon (USA) coast range SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; environmental heterogeneity; forest fragmentation; forest management; habitat loss; human impacts; land ownership; watersheds ID PRE-EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT; WISCONSIN PINE-BARRENS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; HABITAT DESTRUCTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; EXTINCTION DEBT; WESTERN OREGON AB Human modification of forest habitats is a major component of global environmental change. Even areas that remain predominantly forested may be changed considerably by human alteration of historical disturbance regimes. To better understand human influences on the abundance and pattern of forest habitats, we studied forest land cover change from 1936 to 1996 in a 25 000 km(2) landscape in the Oregon ( USA) Coast Range. We integrated historical forest survey data and maps from 1936 with satellite imagery and GIS data from 1996 to quantify changes in major forest cover types. Change in the total area of closed-canopy forests was relatively minor, decreasing from 68% of the landscape in 1936 to 65% in 1996. In contrast, large-conifer forests decreased from 42% in 1936 to 17% in 1996, whereas small-conifer forests increased from 21% of the landscape in 1936 to 39% in 1996. Linear regression models were used to predict changes in the proportion of large conifer forest as a function of socioeconomic and environmental variables at scales of subbasins ( mean size = 1964 km(2), n = 13), watersheds (mean size = 302 km(2), n = 83), and subwatersheds (mean size = 18 km(2), n = 1325). The proportion of land in private ownership was the strongest predictor at all three spatial scales ( partial R-2 values 0.57 - 0.76). The amounts of variation explained by other independent variables were comparatively minor. Results corroborate the hypothesis that differing management regimes on private and public ownerships have led to different pathways of landscape change. Furthermore, these distinctive trajectories are consistent over a broad domain of spatial scales. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wimberly, MC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM wim-berly@smokey.forestry.uga.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 NR 57 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 631 EP 646 DI 10.1023/B:LAND.0000042904.42355.f3 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 857FC UT WOS:000224100600005 ER PT J AU Parish, EJ Moreau, RA Ikeda, I Nes, WD Williams, JR AF Parish, EJ Moreau, RA Ikeda, I Nes, WD Williams, JR TI Recent advances in steroid research SO LIPIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Parish, EJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 BP 701 EP 701 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 877ZW UT WOS:000225616100001 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Hicks, KB AF Moreau, RA Hicks, KB TI The in vitro hydrolysis of phytosterol conjugates in food matrices by mammalian digestive enzymes SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 95th Annual Meeting of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Cincinnati, OH SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; GAMMA-ORYZANOL; CHOLESTEROL; METABOLISM; EXTRACTION; STEROLS; LIPIDS; CORN; STERYLGLYCOSIDES; GLYCOSYLATION AB All fruits, vegetables, and grains contain phytosterols. Numerous clinical studies have documented that phytosterols lower LDL-cholesterol levels and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Most experts believe that the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of phytosterols requires that they be in their "free" form. In addition to their occurrence in the free form, phytosterols also occur as four common phytosterol conjugates: W fatty acyl esters, (ii) hydroxycinnamate esters, (iii) steryl glycosides, and (iv) fatty acylated steryl glycosides. This study was undertaken to investigate the extent of hydrolysis of four common phytosterol conjugates by mammalian digestive enzymes (cholesterol esterase and pancreatin, a mixture of pancreatic enzymes) and for comparison purposes, by KOH. Two types of purified hydroxycinnamate esters (sitostanyl ferulate and oryzanol, a mixture of hydroxycinnamate esters purified from rice bran oil) were hydrolyzed by cholesterol esterase and by pancreatin. Both cholesterol esterase and pancreatin hydrolyzed the phytosteryl esters in two functional food matrices, and they hydrolyzed the hydroxycinnamate esters in corn fiber oil. This is the first report to demonstrate that phytostanyl ferulate esters (which are present at levels of 3-6% in corn fiber oil) are hydrolyzed by pancreatic cholesterol esterase. It is also the first report that pancreatin contains enzymes that hydrolyze the fatty acyl moiety of fatty acylated steryl glycoside, converting it to steryl glycoside. Pancreatin had no effect on steryl glycosides. The ability of pancreatin to hydrolyze three other types of lipid conjugates was also evaluated. Phospholipids were completely hydrolyzed. About half of the galactolipids were hydrolyzed, and less than 10% of the polyamine conjugates were hydrolyzed. The extents of hydrolysis of phytosteryl esters by base (saponification) were also studied, and conditions commonly used for the saponification of acyl lipids (1.5 N methanolic KOH, 30 min at 70degreesC, were found to result in a nearly 100% hydrolysis of TAG but only about 35-45% hydrolysis of the phytosteryl fatty acyl esters or phytosteryl hydroxycinnamate esters. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rmoreau@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 BP 769 EP 776 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 877ZW UT WOS:000225616100008 PM 15638245 ER PT J AU Lampi, AM Moreau, RA Piironen, V Hicks, KB AF Lampi, AM Moreau, RA Piironen, V Hicks, KB TI Pearling barley and rye to produce phytosterol-rich fractions SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 95th Annual Meeting of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Cincinnati, OH SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc ID CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PLANT STEROLS; CORN; FOODS; EXTRACTION; ETHANOL; CEREALS; TRITICALE; ESTERS AB Because of the positive health effects of phytosterols, phytosterol-enriched foods and foods containing elevated levels of natural phytosterols are being developed. Phytosterol contents in cereals are moderate, whereas their levels in the outer layers of the kernels are higher. The phytosterols in cereals are currently underutilized; thus, there is a need to create or identify processing fractions that are enriched in phytosterols. In this study, pearling of hulless barley and rye was investigated as a potential process to make fractions with higher levels of phytosterols. The grains were pearled with a laboratory-scale pearler to produce pearling fines and pearled grains. Lipids were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction, and nonpolar lipids were analyzed by normal-phase HPLC with ELSD and UV detection. Total sterol analyses were performed by GC. After a 90-s pearling, the amounts of pearling fines from hulless barley and rye were 14.6 and 20.1 %, respectively, of the original kernel weights. During pearling, higher levels of phytosterols and other lipids were fractionated into the fines. The contents of free sterols and sterols esterified with FA in the fines were at least double those in the whole grains. Pearling fines of hulless barley and rye contained >2 mg/g phytosterol compounds, which makes them a good source of phytosterols and thus valuable raw materials for health-promoting foods. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lampi, AM (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, Latokartanonkaari 11,POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM anna-maija.lampi@helsinki.fi OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 BP 783 EP 787 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 877ZW UT WOS:000225616100010 PM 15638247 ER PT J AU Martinez, A Salas, JD Green, TR AF Martinez, A Salas, JD Green, TR TI Sensitivity of spatial analysis neural network training and interpolation to structural parameters SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial analysis; spatial interpolation; neural networks ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF PROCESS; PRECIPITATION; ELEVATION; DESIGN; MODELS; SPACE AB A Spatial Analysis Neural Network (SANN) algorithm was applied for the analysis of geospatial data, on the basis of nonparametric statistical analysis and the concepts of traditional Artificial Neural Networks. SANN consists of a number of layers in which the neurons or nodes between layers are interconnected successively in a feed-forward direction. The Gaussian Kernel Function layer has several nodes, and each node has a transfer or an activation function that only responds ( or activates) when the input pattern falls within its receptive field, which is defined by its smoothing parameter or width. The activation widths are functions of the model structural parameters, including the number of the nearest neighbor points P and a control factor F. The estimation method is based on two operational modes, namely, a training-validation mode in which the model structure is constructed and validated, and an interpolation mode. In this paper we discuss the effect of varying F and P upon the accuracy of the estimation in a two-dimensional domain for different input field sizes, using spatial data of wheat crop yield from Eastern Colorado. Crop yield is estimated as a function of the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates (easting and northing). The results of the research led to the conclusion that optimal values of F and P depend on the sample size, i.e., for small data sets F = 1.5 and P = 7 while for large data sets F = 2.5 and P = 9. In addition, the accuracy of the interpolated field varies with the sample size. As expected for small sample sizes, the interpolated field and its variability may be significantly underestimated. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Salas, JD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, B208 Engn Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jsalas@engr.colostate.edu RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 IS 6 BP 721 EP 742 DI 10.1023/B:MATG.0000039543.89653.57 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 849QF UT WOS:000223553900005 ER PT J AU Shangraw, RE Jahoor, F AF Shangraw, RE Jahoor, F TI Mechanism of dichloroacetate-induced hypolactatemia in humans with or without cirrhosis SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; LACTIC-ACIDOSIS; SODIUM DICHLOROACETATE; GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION; LIPID-METABOLISM; IN-VIVO; LACTATE; LIVER AB Dichloroacetate (DCA) has been used as an experimental treatment for lactic acidosis because it lowers plasma lactic acid concentration. Three potential mechanisms could underlie the hypolactatemic action of DCA, but the dominant mechanism in vivo remains unclear. This study tested whether DCA-induced hypolactatemia occurs via decreased lactate production, increased lactate clearance, or decreased rate of glycolysis in healthy humans and in patients with end-stage cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is associated with decreased hepatic pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) content. Six healthy volunteers and 7 cirrhotic patients received a primed, constant infusion of 1-C-13-pyruvate and N-15-alanine for 5 hours. DCA (35 mg/kg intravenously) was administered at 2 hours. Plasma isotopic enrichment was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and exhaled CO2 enrichment by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Pyruvate and alanine production rates (Ra) were determined by isotope dilution, and pyruvate oxidation calculated as (CO2)-C-13 production from C-13-pyruvate. Ra lactate was calculated as the difference between Ra pyruvate and its disposal by oxidation to CO2 and conversion to alanine. Baseline plasma lactate kinetics in cirrhotic patients did not differ from controls. DCA decreased lactate concentration in both groups by approximately 53%. DCA decreased glycolysis (Ra pyruvate) by 24%, increased the fraction of pyruvate oxidized to CO2 by 26%, and decreased pyruvate transamination to alanine by 25%. DCA also inhibited lactate production by 85%, but decreased plasma lactate clearance by 60% in both groups. DCA reduces plasma lactic acid concentration by inhibiting production, via stimulating pyruvate oxidation and inhibiting glycolysis, rather than increasing clearance. In addition, end-stage cirrhosis does not alter either the mechanism or the magnitude of the metabolic response to DCA. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Perioperat Med, UHS 2, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Shangraw, RE (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Perioperat Med, UHS 2, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-00334-29]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-19525] NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1087 EP 1094 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.02.020 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 846KL UT WOS:000223314300025 PM 15281024 ER PT J AU Larrondo, LF Gonzalez, B Cullen, D Vicuna, R AF Larrondo, LF Gonzalez, B Cullen, D Vicuna, R TI Characterization of a multicopper oxidase gene cluster in Phanerochaete chrysosporium and evidence of altered splicing of the mco transcripts SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; I-LIKE GENES; LACCASE GENE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; FERROXIDASE ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; MESSENGER-RNAS; LIGNIN AB A cluster of multicopper oxidase genes (mco1, mco2, mco3, mco4) from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium is described. The four genes share the same transcriptional orientation within a 25 kb region. mco1, mco2 and mco3 are tightly grouped, with intergenic regions of 2.3 and 0.8 kb, respectively, whereas mco4 is located 11 kb upstream of mco1. All are transcriptionally active, as shown by RT-PCR. Comparison of cDNAs and the corresponding genomic sequences identified 14-19 introns within each gene. Based on homology and intron composition, two subfamilies of mco sequences could be identified. The sequences have copper-binding motifs similar to ferroxidase proteins, but different from fungal laccases. Thus, these sequences constitute a novel branch of the multicopper oxidase family. Analysis of several cDNA clones obtained from poly(A) RNA revealed the presence of transcripts of various lengths. Splice variants from mco2, mco3 and mco4 were characterized. They generally exhibited the presence of one to five introns, whereas other transcripts lacked some exons. In all cases, the presence of introns leads to frame shifts that give rise to premature stop codons. In aggregate, these investigations show that P. chrysosporium possesses a novel family of multicopper oxidases which also feature clustering and incomplete processing of some of their transcripts, a phenomenon referred to in this paper as 'altered splicing'. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Santiago, Chile. Inst Milenio Biol Fundamenta & Aplicada, Santiago, Chile. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Vicuna, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Santiago, Chile. EM rvicuna@bio.puc.cl RI Larrondo, Luis/A-2916-2013; Larrondo, Luis/J-1086-2016 OI Larrondo, Luis/0000-0002-8832-7109 NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD AUG PY 2004 VL 150 BP 2775 EP 2783 DI 10.1099/mic.0.27072-0 PN 8 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 847CE UT WOS:000223365600030 PM 15289573 ER PT J AU Jones, RW Ospina-Giraldo, M Clemente, T AF Jones, RW Ospina-Giraldo, M Clemente, T TI Prosystemin-antimicrobial-peptide fusion reduces tomato late blight lesion expansion SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE antifungal peptide; engineered resistance; potato pathogen ID PLANT-PATHOGENS; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; PRECURSOR; POTATO; RESISTANCE; DEFENSE; KERNELS; FAMILY AB Antimicrobial peptides offer a new method for controlling pathogens, however, many promising peptides are too small for direct production in plants. A protein delivery system was developed based on a proteolytic mechanism used by Solanaceous plants to produce the very small (18 amino acid) signaling peptide systemin from the polypeptide prosystemin. Fusion of the gene encoding the 23 kDa protein prosystemin with the antimicrobial peptide (pep11) sequence, replacing the systemin sequence, allowed for expression in transgenic tomato plants. Six days after inoculation with the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, detached leaflets of transgenic tomato (Rutgers) exhibited a reduction in lesion size of at least 50 percent. C1 ARS, USDA, PSI, Vegetable Lab,Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Beadle Ctr E324, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PSI, Vegetable Lab,Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jonesr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1023/B:MOLB.0000038001.22029.07 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 846QW UT WOS:000223331900008 ER PT J AU Goodwin, TJD Poulter, RTM Lorenzen, MD Beeman, RW AF Goodwin, TJD Poulter, RTM Lorenzen, MD Beeman, RW TI DIRS retroelements in arthropods: identification of the recently active TcDirs1 element in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE insect; transposable element; tyrosine recombinase ID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GENOME SEQUENCE; RETROTRANSPOSONS; RETROVIRUSES; SIMILARITIES; FAMILY; ORIGIN; TOOLS AB Members of the DIRS family of retrotransposons differ from most other known retrotransposons in that they encode a tyrosine recombinase (YR), a type of enzyme frequently involved in site-specific recombination. This enzyme is believed to insert the extrachromosomal DNA intermediate of DIRS element retrotransposition into the host genome. DIRS elements have been found in plants, a slime mold, fungi, and a variety of animals including vertebrates, echinoderms and nematodes. They have a somewhat patchy distribution, however, apparently being absent from a number of model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana and Drosophila melanogaster. In this report we describe the first DIRS retroelement to be identified in an arthropod. This element, TcDirs1, was found in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera). It is generally similar in sequence and structure to several previously described members of the DIRS group: it is bordered by inverted terminal repeats and it has a similar set of protein-coding domains (Gag, reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H, and the YR), although these are arranged in a novel fashion. TcDirs1 elements exhibit several features indicative of recent activity, such as intact coding regions, a high level of sequence similarity between distinct elements and polymorphic insertion sites. Given their presence in an experimentally tractable host, these potentially active elements might serve as useful models for the study of DIRS element retrotransposition. An element closely related to TcDirs1 was also detected in sequences from a second arthropod, the honey bee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera), suggesting that these retrotransposons are long-term residents of arthropod genomes. C1 Univ Otago, Dept Biochem, Dunedin, New Zealand. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Goodwin, TJD (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Biochem, Cumberland St, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM timg@sanger.otago.ac.nz NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 272 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s00438-004-1028-2 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 847DV UT WOS:000223373800005 PM 15221458 ER PT J AU Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Sung, GH Hyten, AS Spatafora, JW AF Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Sung, GH Hyten, AS Spatafora, JW TI Multigene phylogeny reveals new lineage for Stachybotrys chartarum, the indoor air fungus SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER-DAMAGED BUILDINGS; MYROTHECIUM-VERRUCARIA; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; IDENTIFICATION; HYPOCREALES; BIONECTRIACEAE; SEQUENCES; ISOLATE; COMPLEX AB Stachybotrys chartarum is an asexually reproducing fungus commonly isolated from soil and litter that is also known to occur in indoor environments and is implicated as the cause of serious illness and even death in humans. Despite its economic importance, higher level phylogenetic relationships of Stachybotrys have not been determined nor has a sexual state for S. chartarum been reported. DNA sequences from four nuclear and one mitochondrial gene were analyzed to determine the ordinal and familial placement of Stachybotrys within the Euascomycota. These data reveal that species of Stachybotrys including S. chartarum, S. albipes, for which the sexual state Melanopsamma pomiformis is reported, species of Myrothecium, and two other tropical hypocrealean species form a previously unknown monophyletic lineage within the Hypocreales. These results suggest that Stachybotrys and Myrothecium are closely related and share characteristics with other hypocrealean fungi. In addition, S. chartarum may have a sexual state in nature that consists of small, black, fleshy perithecia similar to Melanopsamma. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Castlebury, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM castlebury@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 47 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 108 BP 864 EP 872 DI 10.1017/S0953756204000607 PN 8 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 857LD UT WOS:000224117200003 PM 15449591 ER PT J AU Al-Karaki, G McMichael, B Zak, J AF Al-Karaki, G McMichael, B Zak, J TI Field response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhiza; drought stress; Triticum aestivum; yield ID WINTER-WHEAT; WATER-STRESS; GROWTH; COLONIZATION; RESISTANCE; ACQUISITION; INFECTION; TOLERANCE; ROOTS AB Mycorrhizal plants often have greater tolerance to drought than nonmycorrhizal plants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on growth, grain yield and mineral acquisition of two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown in the field under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Wheat seeds were planted in furrows after treatment with or without the AM fungi Glomus mosseae or G. etunicatum. Roots were sampled at four growth stages (leaf, tillering, heading and grain-filling) to quantify AM fungi. There was negligible AM fungi colonization during winter months following seeding (leaf sampling in February), when soil temperature was low. During the spring, AM fungi colonization increased gradually. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in well-watered plants colonized with AM fungi isolates than water-stressed plants. Plants inoculated with G. etunicatum generally had higher colonization than plants colonized with G. mosseae under both soil moisture conditions. Biomass and grain yields were higher in mycorrhizal than nonmycorrhizal plots irrespective of soil moisture, and G. etunicatum inoculated plants generally had higher biomass and grain yields than those colonized by G. mosseae under either soil moisture condition. The mycorrhizal plants had higher shoot P and Fe concentrations than nonmycorrhizal plants at all samplings regardless of soil moisture conditions. The improved growth, yield and nutrient uptake in wheat plants reported here demonstrate the potential of mycorrhizal inoculation to reduce the effects of drought stress on wheat grown under field conditions in semiarid areas of the world. C1 Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Agr, Irbid, Jordan. USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Al-Karaki, G (reprint author), Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Agr, POB 3030, Irbid, Jordan. EM gkaraki@just.edu.jo NR 25 TC 105 Z9 118 U1 20 U2 103 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s00572-003-0265-2 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 846DO UT WOS:000223295500007 PM 12942358 ER PT J AU Adam, NR Wall, GW Kimball, BA Idso, SB Webber, AN AF Adam, NR Wall, GW Kimball, BA Idso, SB Webber, AN TI Photosynthetic down-regulation over long-term CO2 enrichment in leaves of sour orange (Citrus aurantium) trees SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE CO2 ion enrichment; global climate change; sour orange trees (citrus aurantium); photosynthesis; rubisco; down-regulat; acclimation ID ELEVATED CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GAS-EXCHANGE; ACCLIMATION; GROWTH; PERSPECTIVE; SEEDLINGS; RESPONSES; PINE AB Understanding how trees are affected by a long-term increase in atmospheric CO2 is crucial to understanding the future impact of global climate change. Measurements of photosynthetic characteristics were made in sour orange trees (Citrus aurantium) growing under an enhanced CO2 atmosphere and N-replete soil for 14 yr to determine whether photosynthetic down-regulation had occurred. Photosynthesis, A : C-i gas exchange relationships and Rubisco activity and content were measured throughout the 14th year of the experiment. The CO2-induced enhancement ratio of photosynthesis was calculated and compared with estimates of the enhancement of cumulative wood biomass production. Content of the large subunit of Rubisco was significantly reduced by CO2 enrichment indicating that down-regulation had occurred. A high correlation between the CO2-induced enhancement of photosynthesis and the enhancement of cumulative wood biomass production suggested that the decline in wood biomass production was closely related to the decline in photosynthesis. These results indicate that long-term CO2 enrichment can result in photosynthetic down-regulation in leaves of trees, even under nonlimiting N conditions. (C) New Phytologist (2004). No claim to original US government works. C1 ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Adam, NR (reprint author), ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM nadam@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 163 IS 2 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1011/j.1469-8137.2004.01104.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 834PW UT WOS:000222424000012 ER PT J AU Cohen, MF Yamasaki, H AF Cohen, MF Yamasaki, H TI Mutual interactions between plant and plant-colonizing bacterium through NO production SO NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd International Conference on the Biology, Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of Nitric Oxide/4th Annual Meeting of the Nitric-Oxide-Society-of-Japan CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Nara, JAPAN SP Nitr Oxide Soc Japan C1 Univ Ryukyus, Ctr Mol Biosci, Nishihara, Okinawa 90301, Japan. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Yamasaki, Hideo/F-1465-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1089-8603 J9 NITRIC OXIDE-BIOL CH JI Nitric Oxide-Biol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 60 EP 61 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 856CX UT WOS:000224022300114 ER PT J AU May, CL Lee, DC AF May, CL Lee, DC TI The relationships among in-channel sediment storage, pool depth, and summer survival of juvenile salmonids in Oregon Coast Range streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; DEBRIS FLOWS; WESTERN WASHINGTON; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; WOODY DEBRIS; GRAVEL-BED; HABITAT; FISH; GROWTH AB The influence of channel aggradation on water availability and salmonid survival was investigated during the summer dry season in two Oregon Coast Range streams. Deep pools and a deformable streambed of coarse gravel were present in highly aggraded stream reaches. However, these thick, highly porous alluvial deposits caused surface flow to become intermittent, which stranded fish in drying channels. In gravel-bed reaches with thinner alluvial deposits, pool depth was limited by the underlying bedrock, but pools were sustained by hyporheic flow throughout the summer dry season. In these moderately aggraded reaches, pool depth and area decreased throughout the summer, resulting in severe crowding of fish trapped in pools formed over small patches of exposed bedrock and isolated by dry, gravel-bed riffles. Bedrock-dominated stream reaches had slightly smaller pools but were most likely to contain continuous surface flow throughout the summer dry season; these reaches exhibited the smallest decreases in pool depth and area. Repeated snorkel surveys indicated that fish abundance in pools decreased by 59% during the summer, significantly higher losses occurring in gravel-bed pools. Streambed substrate and partitioning of surface and subsurface flow may also have important implications for fish energetics due to differences in water temperature and food availability. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP May, CL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM cmay@seismo.berkeley.edu NR 59 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 761 EP 774 DI 10.1577/M03-073.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 849IF UT WOS:000223531200002 ER PT J AU Santiago, LS Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Fisher, JB Machado, K Woodruff, D Jones, T AF Santiago, LS Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Fisher, JB Machado, K Woodruff, D Jones, T TI Leaf photosynthetic traits scale with hydraulic conductivity and wood density in Panamanian forest canopy trees SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE leaf nitrogen; leaf specific conductivity; stomatal conductance; tropical forest; xylem anatomy ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PLANT; GROWTH; WATER; CONVERGENCE; MODEL; XYLEM; TRANSPIRATION; ASSIMILATION AB We investigated how water transport capacity, wood density and wood anatomy were related to leaf photosynthetic traits in two lowland forests in Panama. Leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity (k(L)) of upper branches was positively correlated with maximum rates of net CO2 assimilation per unit leaf area (A(area)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) across 20 species of canopy trees. Maximum k(L) showed stronger correlation with A(area) than initial k(L) suggesting that allocation to photosynthetic potential is proportional to maximum water transport capacity. Terminal branch k(L) was negatively correlated with A(area)/g(s) and positively correlated with photosynthesis per unit N, indicating a trade-off of efficient use of water against efficient use of N in photosynthesis as water transport efficiency varied. Specific hydraulic conductivity calculated from xylem anatomical characteristics (k(theoretical)) was positively related to A(area) and k(L), consistent with relationships among physiological measurements. Branch wood density was negatively correlated with wood water storage at saturation, k(L), A(area), net CO2 assimilation per unit leaf mass (A(mass)), and minimum leaf water potential measured on covered leaves, suggesting that wood density constrains physiological function to specific operating ranges. Kinetic and static indices of branch water transport capacity thus exhibit considerable co-ordination with allocation to potential carbon gain. Our results indicate that understanding tree hydraulic architecture provides added insights to comparisons of leaf level measurements among species, and links photosynthetic allocation patterns with branch hydraulic processes. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Fairchild Trop Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Santiago, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, 3060 Valley Life Sci Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM santiago@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Santiago, Louis/E-3185-2016 OI Santiago, Louis/0000-0001-5994-6122 NR 32 TC 218 Z9 235 U1 5 U2 89 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2004 VL 140 IS 4 BP 543 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1624-1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 845TF UT WOS:000223266500001 PM 15232729 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Kim, SC Hicks, PD Liang, LK Abrams, SA AF Griffin, IJ Kim, SC Hicks, PD Liang, LK Abrams, SA TI Zinc metabolism in adolescents with Crohn's disease SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; COMPREHENSIVE NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; ACRODERMATITIS-ENTEROPATHICA; GROWTH-RETARDATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ABSORPTION; DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN; FAMILY; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Low serum zinc concentrations have been reported in Crohn's disease (CD) and overt zinc deficiency has been described, but little is known about the effect of CD on zinc metabolism in adolescents. The aim of this study was to measure zinc absorption, endogenous fecal zinc excretion, urinary zinc excretion, and zinc balance in children with stable CD and in matched controls. Subjects were 15 children, ages 8-18 y, with stable CD, and 15 healthy matched controls. Subjects were adapted to diets providing 12 mg/d elemental zinc for 2 wk, and then admitted for a 6-d metabolic study. Stable zinc isotopes were given intravenously and orally, and urine and feces collected for 6 d. Fractional zinc absorption, endogenous fecal zinc excretion, and zinc balance were calculated using established stable isotope methods. In subjects with CD, zinc absorption (10.9% +/- 6.1 versus 23.4 +/- 15.8, p = 0.008) and plasma zinc concentration (0.85 mg/dL +/- 0.15 versus 1.25 +/- 0.35, p = 0.004) were significantly reduced, compared with controls. Despite this, there were no significant differences in endogenous fecal zinc excretion (2.0 mg +/- 1.5 versus 1.5 +/- 1.5, p = 0.34) or urinary zinc excretion (0.9 mg +/- 0.7 versus 1.0 +/- 0.7, p = 0.47). Zinc balance was significantly lower in CD (-1.5 mg +/- 1.5) than in controls (+0.6 mg +/- 3.1, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, adolescents with CD have significantly reduced zinc absorption. Despite this, they were unable to reduce endogenous fecal zinc excretion to restore normal zinc balance and had a significantly worse zinc balance and lower plasma zinc concentration than controls. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat Gastroenterol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM igriffin@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 56 IS 2 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1203/01.PDR.0000132851.50841.D7 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 840FI UT WOS:000222842200012 PM 15181193 ER PT J AU Plaza, P Usall, J Torres, R Abadias, M Smilanick, JL Vinas, I AF Plaza, P Usall, J Torres, R Abadias, M Smilanick, JL Vinas, I TI The use of sodium carbonate to improve curing treatments against green and blue moulds on citrus fruits SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Penicillium digitatum; Penicillium italicum; post-harvest heat treatments; soda ash; long-term storage ID POSTHARVEST HEAT-TREATMENTS; HOT-WATER; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; BICARBONATE; DECAY; ORANGES; RESISTANCE; REDUCTION; LEMONS AB The effectiveness of curing oranges and lemons at 33 degreesC for 65 h followed by storage under ambient and cold-storage conditions was investigated. This treatment effectively reduced the incidence of Penicillium digitatum (Pers) Sacc and P italicum Wehmer decay on inoculated and naturally infected oranges and lemons stored at 20 degreesC for 7 days. However, it failed to control green and blue mould infections on fruits placed in long-term cold storage, except green mould on oranges, which was effectively controlled. Dipping fruits in a sodium carbonate solution (20 g litre(-1)) for 2.5 min following a curing treatment at 33 degreesC for 65 h satisfactorily reduced green and blue mould incidence during subsequent long-term storage at 4 degreesC on oranges and at 10 degreesC on lemons. The efficacy was greater on injured fruits inoculated after the combination of treatments was applied, achieving a 60-80% reduction in decay in comparison with the curing treatment alone in all cases. A significant reduction of blue mould was also observed on fruits inoculated both before the treatments and on those re-inoculated after the treatments, demonstrating both protectant and eradicant activity. Thus, combining curing at 33 degreesC for 65 h with sodium carbonate treatment effectively controlled these post-harvest diseases on artificially inoculated citrus fruits and protected against re-infection. With naturally inoculated lemons, curing followed by sodium carbonate significantly reduced both green and blue mould incidence, but was not superior to curing alone. With naturally infected oranges, curing significantly reduced blue mould, but decay was not reduced further when followed by sodium carbonate treatment. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 IRTA, Ctr UdL, CeRTA, Postharvest Unit, Lleida 25198, Catalonia, Spain. USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Plaza, P (reprint author), IRTA, Ctr UdL, CeRTA, Postharvest Unit, 177 Rovira Roure Ave, Lleida 25198, Catalonia, Spain. EM pilar.plaza@irta.es RI Vinas, Inmaculada/B-4096-2011; Abadias, Maribel/J-9386-2012; OI Abadias, Maribel/0000-0003-0113-8979; Vinas, Inmaculada/0000-0001-5182-2520 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 60 IS 8 BP 815 EP 821 DI 10.1002/ps.880 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 842LW UT WOS:000223006700011 PM 15307674 ER PT J AU Boddu, J Svabek, C Sekhon, R Gevens, A Nicholson, RL Jones, AD Pedersen, JF Gustine, DL Chopra, S AF Boddu, J Svabek, C Sekhon, R Gevens, A Nicholson, RL Jones, AD Pedersen, JF Gustine, DL Chopra, S TI Expression of a putative flavonoid 3 '-hydroxylase in sorghum mesocotyls synthesizing 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apigeninidin; Cochliobolus heterostrophus; cytochrome P450; eriodictyol; flavonoid 3 '-hydroxylase; luteolinidin; naringenin; phytoalexin; Sorghum bicolor; 3-deoxyanthocyanidins ID COLLETOTRICHUM-SUBLINEOLUM; ACCUMULATION; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE; MUTANTS; BICOLOR; MAIZE; CDNA; COMPLEMENTATION AB In sorghum, ingress of Cochliobolus heterostrophus stimulates the synthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins that act as phytoalexins. Apigeninidin and luteolinidin are two major phytoalexins induced in the first 24 h after infection. In an attempt to understand genetic regulation of the biosynthesis of sorghum phytoalexins, we isolated a differentially expressed partial cDNA. Characterization and comparison showed that this cDNA sequence corresponds to a putative flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase. Full length sequence characterization allowed us to establish that the sorghum putative f3'h cDNA encodes a peptide of 517 amino acids that has domains conserved among cytochrome P450 proteins functioning in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Heterologous expression of the putative f3'h cDNA in Escherichia coli yielded a membrane preparation that catalyzed the hydroxylation of naringenin. We show here that transcription of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase was coordinately regulated with that of chalcone synthase and dihydroflavonol reductase, and expression of these genes was induced within the first 24 h of fungal challenge. Synthesis of apigeninidin and luteolinidin followed the induced expression of the f3'h gene, implicating its role in fungal induced expression of sorghum phytolaexins. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Chopra, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 Agr Sci & Ind Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sic3@psu.edu RI Jones, Arthur/C-2670-2013 OI Jones, Arthur/0000-0002-7408-6690 NR 44 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 65 IS 2 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.11.007 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 918YT UT WOS:000228586200006 ER PT J AU Agrama, HA Dahleen, L Wentz, M Jin, Y Steffenson, B AF Agrama, HA Dahleen, L Wentz, M Jin, Y Steffenson, B TI Molecular mapping of the crown rust resistance gene Rpc1 in barley SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; MILDEW RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS; MAIZE; LOCUS; MAP; SEQUENCES; CLONING; GENOME AB Crown rust of barley. caused by Puccinia coronata var. hordei, occurs sporadically and sometimes may cause yield and quality reductions in the Great Plains region of the United States and Canada. The incompletely dominant resistance allele Rpc1 confers resistance to P. coronata in barley. Two generations, F-2 and F-2:3, developed from a cross between the resistant line Hor2596 (Clho 1243) and the Susceptible line Bowman (PI 483237), were used in this study. Bulked segregant analysis combined with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were used to identify molecular markers linked to Rpc1. DNA genotypes produced by 500 RAPID primers, 200 microsatellites (SSRs), and 71 restriction fragmerit length polymorphism (RFLP) probes were applied to map Rpc1. Of these, 15 RAPD primers identified polymorphisms between resistant and susceptible bulks, and 62 SSR markers and 32 RFLP markets identified polymorphisms between the resistant and susceptible parents. The polymorphic markets were applied to 97 F-2 individuals and F-2:3 families. These markets identified 112 polymorphisms and were used for primary linkage mapping to Rpc1 using Map Manager QT. Two RFLP and five SSR markers spanning the centromere on chromosome 3H and one RAPD marker (OPO08-700) were linked with Rpc1 and, thus, used to construct a 30-centimorgan (cM) linkage map containing the Rpc1 locus. The genetic distance between Rpc1 and the closest marker, RAPD OPO08-700. was 2.5 cM. The linked markers will be useful for incorporating this crown rust resistance gene into barley breeding lines. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, NCSL, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Agrama, HA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM agramah@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 8 BP 858 EP 861 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.8.858 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 840MU UT WOS:000222863700009 PM 18943106 ER PT J AU Carson, ML Stuber, CW Senior, ML AF Carson, ML Stuber, CW Senior, ML TI Identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci conditioning resistance to southern leaf blight of maize caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIPOLARIS-MAYDIS; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-MAYDIS; TROPICAL MAIZE; INBRED LINES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; CORN-BORER; YIELD; QTL; GENES AB A random set of recombinant inbred (RI) lines (F2:7) derived from the cross of the inbred lines Mo17 (resistant) and B73 (Susceptible) were evaluated for resistance to southern leaf blight (SLB) caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O. The RI lines were genotyped at a total of 234 simple sequence repeat, restriction Fragment length polymorphism, or isozyme loci. Field plots of the RI lines were inoculated artificially with an aggressive isolate of C. heterostrophus race 0 in each of two growing seasons in North Carolina. Lines were rated for percent SLB severity two (1996) or three (1995) times during the grain-filling period. Data also were converted to area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and analyzed using the composite interval mapping option of the PLABQTL program. When means of disease ratings over years were fitted to models, a total of 11 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found to condition resistance to SLB, depending upon which disease ratings were used in the analyses. When the AUDPC data were combined and analyzed over environments, seven QTLs, on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 were found to come from the resistant parent WIT An additional QTL for resistance on chromosome 1 came from the susceptible parent B73. The eight identified QTLs accounted for 46% of the phenotypic variation for resistance. QTL x environment interactions, often were highly significant but. with one exception, were the result of differences in the magnitude of QTL effects between years and not due to changes in direction of effects. QTLs on the long arm of chromosome 1 and chromosomes 2 and 3 had the largest effects, were the most consistently detected, and accounted for most of the phenotypic variance. No significant additive x additive epistatic effects were detected. These data support earlier reports of the polygenic inheritance of resistance to SLB of maize. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Carson, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mcarson@umn.edu NR 45 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 8 BP 862 EP 867 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.8.862 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 840MU UT WOS:000222863700010 PM 18943107 ER PT J AU Gildow, F Damsteegt, V Stone, A Schneider, W Luster, D Levy, L AF Gildow, F Damsteegt, V Stone, A Schneider, W Luster, D Levy, L TI Plum pox in North America: Identification of aphid vectors and a potential role for fruit in virus spread SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTYVIRUS; STRAIN; RNA AB Thirteen aphid species were tested for their ability to transmit Pennsylvania isolates of Plum pox virus (PPV) collected in Columbia (PENN-3), Franklin (PENN-4), and York (PENN-7) Counties. PA. Four species, Aphis fabae, A. spiraecola. Brachycaudus persicae, and Myzus persicae, consistently transmitted PPV in preliminary transmission tests. TWO species, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi, were occasional inefficient vectors. Toxoptera citricida, from Florida, also was an effective vector but it does not occur in major stone-fruit-growing states. Species not transmitting PPV in parallel tests included Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis glycines, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and Sitobion avenae. When given a 3-day probing access period Simultaneously on PPV-infected peach seedlings and healthy peach seedlings, Myzus persicae, Aphis spiraecola, A. fabae, and B. persicae transmitted PPV to 63, 3 1 38, and 32% of the healthy peach seedlings. respectively. When given a similar probing period on PPV-infected peach fruit and healthy peach seedlings, the same aphid species transmitted PPV to 50, 35, 0, and 0% of seedlings, respectively. Results support the hypothesis of secondary PPV spread by indigenous, aphids in Pennsylvania, and suggest that PPV-infected fruit has the potential to function as a virus source for long-distance dispersal. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USDA, APHIS, CPHST, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gildow, F (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM feg2@psu.edu NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 8 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.8.868 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 840MU UT WOS:000222863700011 PM 18943108 ER PT J AU Ferguson, LM Carson, ML AF Ferguson, LM Carson, ML TI Spatial diversity of Setosphaeria turcica sampled from the eastern United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORN LEAF-BLIGHT; EXSEROHILUM-TURCICUM; HELMINTHOSPORIUM TURCICUM; MULTILOCUS STRUCTURE; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; PERFECT STAGE; MATING TYPES; POPULATIONS; MAIZE AB Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and mating type were used to examine regional Population structure of Setosphaeria turcica in the eastern United States. Of 251 maize-infecting isolates studied, 155 multilocus haplotypes were identified using 21 RAPD markers. Twelve isolates of the most common haplotype were identified from seven states and represented 5.2% of the sample. Although variation in genetic diversity was greatest within states rather than between either regions or states within re-ions, multidimensional scaling based on average taxonomic distances among state samples showed a close association of samples from IL, OH, IN, IA, MN, MI/Wl, and NC. Isolates from GA/SC, VA/TN, PA/NY, and FL were distant from this core group that included midwestern states and NC and were distinct from one another. The high genotypic diversity, near equal mating type frequencies, and gametic phase equilibrium in samples from several states are inconsistent with a strictly clonal population. The population genetic structure of S. turcica is likely the result of both asexual and sexual reproduction. It is not clear whether sexual recombination actually occurs in the eastern United States or occurs elsewhere in tropical America and recombinant genotypes migrate to North America. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Carson, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mcarson@umn.edu NR 50 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 8 BP 892 EP 900 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.8.892 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 840MU UT WOS:000222863700014 PM 18943111 ER PT J AU Pusey, PL Curry, EA AF Pusey, PL Curry, EA TI Temperature and pomaceous flower age related to colonization by Erwinia amylovora and antagonists SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Malits x domestica ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; FLUORESCENS STRAIN A506; FIRE BLIGHT; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; EPIPHYTIC COLONIZATION; PEAR BLOSSOMS; APPLE; BACTERIA; OXYTETRACYCLINE; STREPTOMYCIN AB Fire blight of apple and pear is initiated by epiphytic Populations of Erwinia amylovora on flower stigmas. Predicting this disease and managing it with microbial antagonists depends on all understanding of bacterial Colonization on stigmas. Detached 'Manchurian' crab apple flowers were inoculated with E. amylovora and subjected to a range of constant temperatures or various fluctuating temperature regimes. Results may have application to disease risk assessment systems Such as the Cougarblight model. which now are based on in vitro growth of the pathogen. In other experiments. detached crab apple flowers and attached 'Gala' apple flowers were maintained at different temperatures for various periods before inoculation with E. amylovora or antagonists (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 and Pantoea agglomerans strains C9-1 and E325). Maximum stigma age supporting bacterial multiplication decreased as temperature increased, and was reduced by pollination. Stigmas were receptive to bacteria at ages older than previously reported, probably due to less interference from indigenous organisms. The Study revealed antagonist limitations that possibly affect field performance (e.g., the inability of strain A506 to grow oil relatively old stigmas conducive to the pathogen). Such deficiencies Could be overcome by selecting other antagonists or using antagonist mixtures in the orchard. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Pusey, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM pusey@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 8 BP 901 EP 911 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.8.901 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 840MU UT WOS:000222863700015 PM 18943112 ER PT J AU Broadhurst, CL Chaney, RL Angle, JS Erbe, EF Maugel, TK AF Broadhurst, CL Chaney, RL Angle, JS Erbe, EF Maugel, TK TI Nickel localization and response to increasing Ni soil levels in leaves of the Ni hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Alyssum; hyperaccumulator; nickel localization; phytoremediation; trichomes; SEM-EDX ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; CELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION; ARABIDOPSIS-HALLERI; LESBIACUM; METALS; ZINC; PHYTOEXTRACTION; BRASSICACEAE; CADMIUM; XYLEM AB We have previously developed phytoremediation and phytomining technologies employing Alyssum Ni hyperaccumulators to quantitatively extract Ni from soils. Implementation of these technologies requires knowledge of Ni localization patterns for the Alyssum species/ecotypes of interest under realistic growth conditions. We investigated Ni uptake and localization in mature Alyssum murale 'Kotodesh' and 'AJ9' leaves. Seedlings were grown in potting mix with an increasing series of NiSO4 addition (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mmol Ni kg(-1)), NiC4H6O4 addition (0, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90 mmol Ni kg(-1)), in Ni-contaminated soil from metal refining operations, and serpentine soil. Plants at Ni levels 0, 5, 10, 20 mmolkg(-1) and in native soils grew normally. Plants at 40 mmolkg(-1) exhibited the onset of phytotoxicity, and 60, 80, and 90 mmolkg(-1) were demonstrably phytotoxic, but symptoms of phytotoxicity abated within 6 months. Cryogenic complement fractures were made from frozen hydrated samples. High-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken of one half. The other half was freeze-dried and examined with SEM and semi-quantitative energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Ni was highly concentrated in epidermal cell vacuoles and Ni and S counts showed a positive correlation. Trichome pedicles and the epidermal tissue from which the trichome grows were primary Ni compartments, but Ni was not distributed throughout trichomes. Palisade and spongy mesophyll and guard/substomatal cells contained lesser Ni concentrations but palisade mesophyll was an increasingly important compartment as Ni soil levels increased. Ni was virtually excluded from vascular tissue and trichome rays. C1 USDA, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Manure & Byproducts Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Agr Expt Stn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Electron Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, Lab Biol Ultrastruct, College Pk, MD USA. RP Broadhurst, CL (reprint author), USDA, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Manure & Byproducts Lab, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM broadhul@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2004 VL 265 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-0974-8 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 884NB UT WOS:000226091200019 ER PT J AU Costanzo, S Christ, BJ Haynes, KG AF Costanzo, S Christ, BJ Haynes, KG TI Late blight resistance in a diploid full-sib potato family SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Phytophtora infestans; Solanum phureja; S. stenotomum; broad-sense heritability; diploid potatoes; stability ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; UNITED-STATES; HERITABILITY; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE; STABILITY; CLONES AB Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is the most destructive disease of potato worldwide. As this pathogen can rapidly overcome major race-specific resistance genes, identifying the basis for enhanced quantitative resistance has become a crucial element for implementing advanced breeding strategies. A population of 230 full-sib progeny derived from a cross between two diploid hybrid Solanum phureja x S. stenotomum clones was evaluated for foliage resistance against late blight in replicated trials at multiple locations in Pennsylvania between 1999 and 2002. In field experiments, plants were evaluated visually for per cent defoliation, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined. The two parents and three control cultivars ('Atlantic', 'Kennebec' and 'Katahdin') were included in all trials. In all three experiments, the presence of a significant number of clones exhibiting transgressive segregation were observed. There were significant differences among environments as well as among clones, and the clone x environment interaction was also significant. Stability analysis revealed that 37 clones made a significant contribution to the overall environment x clone interaction. Broad-sense heritability for resistance, measured as AUDPC, was estimated as 0.67. The overall results indicate the presence in this potato family of a high level of field resistance against late blight. This segregating diploid family appears to be a good candidate for quantitative trait loci mapping to identify and characterize the genetic components of partial late blight resistance. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Christ, BJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ebf@psu.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 123 IS 4 BP 377 EP 381 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.00999.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 841PY UT WOS:000222944700014 ER PT J AU Kim, CK Chung, JD Park, SH Burrell, AM Kamo, KK Byrne, DH AF Kim, CK Chung, JD Park, SH Burrell, AM Kamo, KK Byrne, DH TI Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Rosa hybrida using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE genetic engineering; marker gene; rose; transgenic plants; vir gene ID SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; REGENERATION; PLANTS; TISSUE AB Embryogenic calluses of Rosa hybrida cultivar Tineke were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 containing the binary vector pBIN m-gfp5-ER into which the virE/virG genes had been inserted. Visualization of GFP-expressing cells enabled visual selection of dividing, embryogenic cell clusters that were transgenic. When the Agrobacterium strain with the bifunctional fusion marker containing additional virE/virG genes was used, the number of green fluorescent calluses increased. Transformation of the GFP-expressing rose plants was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Sangju Natl Univ, Dept Hort, Sangju 742711, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Hort, Taegu 702701, South Korea. ARS, USDA, Florist & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Byrne, DH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM d-byrne@tamu.edu RI Burrell, Millie/L-9684-2014; OI Burrell, Millie/0000-0002-8761-0279; Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 10 TC 27 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 78 IS 2 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1023/B:TICU.0000022529.16697.90 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 808YI UT WOS:000220604000002 ER PT J AU Wanner, LA AF Wanner, LA TI Field isolates of Streptomyces differ in pathogenicity and virulence on radish SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE phytotoxicity; Raphanus sativus ID COMMON SCAB; POTATO-SCAB; THAXTOMIN-A; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NETTED SCAB; RUSSET SCAB; SP-NOV; STRAINS; GENE AB Common scab is a significant disease of potato, and affects root and tuber crops worldwide. Streptomycetes, a diverse group of soil-inhabiting gram-positive bacteria, cause common scab. To better understand the basis for variability in disease symptoms seen in field situations, streptomycetes were isolated from scabby potato plants. Isolates differed in morphology and pigmentation. Isolates were evaluated for pathogenicity and virulence in radish. Scab lesions varied in appearance and severity. Disease symptoms also included plant stunting, wilting, necrosis, and death. Some pathogenic isolates were missing genes from the putative pathogenicity island (PAI); several lacked the nec1 gene, and one was missing the txtA gene encoding thaxtomin biosynthesis, the most reliable pathogenicity determinant. Studies of disease severity over 5 logs initial inoculum density showed that there is a threshold inoculum density for disease. Disease severity increased with inoculum density over three logs, then reached a maximum, which is characteristic of individual Streptomyces strains. Lesion severity was not correlated with presence of melanin, the nec1 gene, or whether an isolate reduced seedling emergence or plant survival. Differences in disease symptoms and severity combined with absence of known pathogenicity determinants (txtA) or factors (nec1) suggest that there may be pathogenicity factors in addition to thaxtomin. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wanner, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wannerl@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 88 IS 8 BP 785 EP 796 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.8.785 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838GV UT WOS:000222702400002 ER PT J AU Bonde, MR Nester, SE Olsen, MW Berner, DK AF Bonde, MR Nester, SE Olsen, MW Berner, DK TI Survival of teliospores of Tilletia indica in Arizona field soils SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Neovossia indica; partial bunt; teliospore enumeration; teliospore extraction ID KARNAL-BUNT PATHOGEN; NEOVOSSIA-INDICA; GERMINATION; WHEAT AB The survival of teliospores of the Karnal bunt of wheat pathogen, Tilletia indica, was determined in field plots in Tucson, AZ. Two methods were used to test viability during a 48-month period in which 21-mum-pore-size polyester mesh bags of teliospore-infested soil were buried in irrigated and nonirrigated field plots at two sites. One method determined the total number of viable teliospores in a soil sample, regardless of whether or not they could be extracted from the soil using a sucrose centrifugation technique. The total number of viable teliospores declined over time in both irrigated and nonirrigated field plots and in the same soils in the laboratory. Based on nonlinear regressions, total number of viable teliospores decreased from 55.7% at time zero to 9.7 and 6.7% for nonirrigated and irrigated field soils, respectively, in 48 months. Total number of viable teliospores in soil in the laboratory decreased from 55.7 to 34.0% after 48 months. The second method determined germination percentages of teliospores extracted from the soil samples by means of a sucrose centrifugation technique. Based on linear regressions of transformed data, germination of teliospores extracted from irrigated and nonirrigated field soils, and control (laboratory) soil, significantly decreased over time. The rate of decrease in germination was significantly greater for teliospores from irrigated field plots than from nonirrigated plots and the laboratory soil. At time zero, 55.7% of teliospores germinated, and by 48 months, average germination of teliospores extracted from soil in nonirrigated plots had decreased to 13.6% compared with 4.4% in irrigated plots and 36.8% for teliospores in the laboratory control. Regression over time of total number of viable teliospores accounted for more of the overall variability than did regression over time of germination percentages of extracted teliospores. Neither field site nor soil depth had any effect on total number of viable teliospores or on teliospore germination percentages. C1 ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Pathol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonde, MR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 88 IS 8 BP 804 EP 810 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.8.804 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838GV UT WOS:000222702400004 ER PT J AU Seifers, DL She, YM Harvey, TL Martin, TJ Haber, S Ens, W Standing, KG Louie, R Gordon, DT AF Seifers, DL She, YM Harvey, TL Martin, TJ Haber, S Ens, W Standing, KG Louie, R Gordon, DT TI Biological and molecular variability among High Plains virus isolates SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLANT-VIRUSES; CURL MITE; WHEAT; MAIZE; CORN; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; PROPAGATION AB The High Plains virus (HPV), vectored by the wheat curl mite (WCM) (Aceria tosichella), causes a severe disease of maize (Zea mays) in the U. S. High Plains. In the present study, five HPV isolates from five states were separated from co-infecting Wheat streak mosaic virus and their molecular and biological variability studied. Molecular studies involved time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) to determine amino acid sequence variability of the 32-kDa nucleoprotein (32 np) of the isolates. Biological studies involved testing the ability of the five HPV isolates to infect a maize line previously shown to have resistance. Inoculations of the HPV isolates were conducted using vascular puncture inoculation (VPI) and viruliferous WCM. TOFMS analyses demonstrated an 18-amino acid sequence in the isolates at the N-terminus of the 32 np, the presence of amino acid sequence differences among the isolates, and variability among amino acid sequences of the 32 np of some isolates. Three of the five HPV isolates infected the resistant maize inbred, B73, using VPI, and two of the same three HPV isolates infected this line using WCM inoculation, albeit low numbers of plants were infected by each technique. C1 Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. ARS, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Seifers, DL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM dseifers@ksu.edu RI Standing, Kenneth/E-2416-2011 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 88 IS 8 BP 824 EP 829 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.8.824 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838GV UT WOS:000222702400007 ER PT J AU Wan, AM Zhao, ZH Chen, XM He, ZH Jin, SL Jia, QZ Yao, G Yang, JX Wang, BT Li, GB Bi, YQ Yuan, ZY AF Wan, AM Zhao, ZH Chen, XM He, ZH Jin, SL Jia, QZ Yao, G Yang, JX Wang, BT Li, GB Bi, YQ Yuan, ZY TI Wheat stripe rust epidemic and virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici in China in 2002 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; yellow rust ID CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CULTIVARS; RACES; GENES AB In China, wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat and can cause severe yield losses when susceptible cultivars are grown and weather conditions are favorable for the disease. Wheat stripe rust most frequently affects the winter wheat growing areas in Northwest, Southwest, and North China, and the spring wheat growing areas in Northwest China. In the 2001-2002 growing season, a widespread stripe rust epidemic affected about 6.6 million hectares of wheat in 11 provinces: Sichuan, Chongqing, eastern Gansu, southern and western Shaanxi, southern and central Ningxia, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Henan, southern and central Hebei, and Shandong. The epidemic could be attributed to relatively warm weather from November 2001 to March 2002, high frequencies of stripe rust races CYR31 and CYR32, and widely grown susceptible cultivars. Race CYR31 was virulent on the Chinese differential cultivars Trigo Eureka, Fulhard, Lutescens 128, Mentana, Virgilio, Abbondanza, Early Premium, Funo, Danish 1, Fengchan 3, Lovrin 13, Shuiyuan 11, Lovrin 10, and Hybrid 46. Race CYR32 had all the virulence factors of CYR31, plus virulences on Chinese differential cultivars Jubilejina 2 and Kangyin 655, i.e., CYR32 was virulent on all differential cultivars, except Zhong 4. When tested on the world and European differential and some other resistant genotypes, CYR32 was virulent on Chinese 166 (Yr1), Heines VII (Yr2, Yr25, and YrHVII), Vilmorin 23 (Yr3a and Yr4a), Heines Kolben (Yr6 and YrHK), Lee (Yr7, Yr22, and Yr23), Clement (Yr9, Yr25, YrCle), VPM1 (Yr17), Selkirk (Yr27), Anza (YrA), Carstens V (YrCV1, YrCV2, and YrCV3), Gaby (YrG), Strubes Dickkopf (Yr25), and Suwon 92/Omar (YrSO). Resistance genes in Triticum spelta album (Yr5), Zhong 4, and Moro (Yr10 and YrMor) were effective against all races identified. C1 USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Physiol Qual & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Minist Agr, Div Crop Dis Control, Natl Agro Tech Extens & Serv Ctr, Beijing 100026, Peoples R China. CIMMYT, Beijing Off, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Gansu Inst Plant Protect, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China. Sichuan Inst Plant Protect, Chengdu 610066, Peoples R China. Northwestern Univ Agr & Forestry Sci & Technol, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. Yunnan Inst Plant Protect, Yunnan 650200, Peoples R China. Shanxi Inst Plant Protect, Taiyuan 030031, Peoples R China. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Physiol Qual & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@mail.wsu.edu RI He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015 NR 46 TC 166 Z9 254 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 88 IS 8 BP 896 EP 904 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.8.896 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838GV UT WOS:000222702400019 ER PT J AU Thomas, PE AF Thomas, PE TI Black and hairy nightshade, the first weedy hosts of potato virus A in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Thomas, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 88 IS 8 BP 905 EP 905 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.8.905A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838GV UT WOS:000222702400020 ER PT J AU Postman, JD Tzanetakis, IE Martin, RR AF Postman, JD Tzanetakis, IE Martin, RR TI First report of Strawberry latent ringspot virus in a Mentha sp from North America. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Postman, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 2 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 88 IS 8 BP 907 EP 907 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.8.907B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838GV UT WOS:000222702400028 ER PT J AU Joobeur, T King, JJ Nolin, SJ Thomas, CE Dean, RA AF Joobeur, T King, JJ Nolin, SJ Thomas, CE Dean, RA TI The fusarium wilt resistance locus Fom-2 of melon contains a single resistance gene with complex features SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fom-2; melon; complex R locus; fine mapping; BAC end sequence; R gene evolution ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE; RICH REPEAT PROTEINS; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; F-SP MELONIS; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NEMATODE RESISTANCE; POSITIONAL CLONING; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB The soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis causes significant losses in the cultivated melon, a key member of the economically important family, the Cucurbitaceae. Here, we report the map-based cloning and characterization of the resistance gene Fom-2 that confers resistance to race 0 and 1 of this plant pathogen. Two recombination events, 75 kb apart, were found to bracket Fom-2 after screening approximately 1324 gametes with PCR-based markers. Sequence analysis of the Fom-2 interval revealed the presence of two candidate genes. One candidate gene showed significant similarity to previously characterized resistance genes. Sequence analysis of this gene revealed clear polymorphisms between resistant and susceptible materials and was therefore designated as Fom-2. Analysis of susceptible breeding lines (BL) presenting a haplotype very similar to the resistant cultivar MR-1 indicated that a gene conversion had occurred in Fom-2, resulting in a significant rearrangement of this gene. The second candidate gene which shared high similarity to an essential gene in Arabidopsis, presented an almost identical sequence in MR-1 and BL, further supporting Fom-2 identity. The gene conversion in Fom-2 produced a truncated R gene, revealing new insights into R gene evolution. Fom-2 was predicted to encode an NBS-LRR type R protein of the non-TIR subfamily. In contrast to most members of this class a coiled-coil structure was predicted within the LRR region rather than in the N-terminal. The Fom-2 physical region contained retroelement-like sequences and truncated genes, suggesting that this locus is complex. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fungal Genom Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fungal Genom Lab, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ralph_dean@ncsu.edu NR 70 TC 77 Z9 92 U1 8 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 283 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02134.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838OY UT WOS:000222723900001 PM 15255859 ER PT J AU Tang, WH Kelley, D Ezcurra, I Cotter, R McCormick, S AF Tang, WH Kelley, D Ezcurra, I Cotter, R McCormick, S TI LeSTIG1, an extracellular binding partner for the pollen receptor kinases LePRK1 and LePRK2, promotes pollen tube growth in vitro SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE in vitro binding; pollen-pistil interaction; pollen tube growth promotion; signaling; stigma exudate ID NICOTIANA-ALATA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PROTEIN; TOMATO; GLYCOPROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS; STIGMA; PLANTS; GENE; PHYTOSULFOKINE AB As pollen tubes grow through the pistil they are thought to perceive and respond to diverse signals. The tomato pollen-specific receptor kinases LePRK1 and LePRK2 might participate in signaling during pollen tube growth. We previously showed that the extracellular domain of LePRK2 interacts with a pollen protein, LAT52, before but not after pollen germination. To determine whether LePRK2 might have different binding partner(s) after pollen germination, we characterized two more proteins that, like LAT52, were identified in yeast two-hybrid screens using the extracellular domains of LePRK1 and LePRK2 as baits. We show that LeSHY, a leucine-rich repeat protein from pollen, and LeSTIG1, a small cysteine-rich protein from pistil, can bind the extracellular domains of both LePRK1 and LePRK2 in vitro. In vitro binding assays with the extracellular domain of LePRK2 suggested that LeSTIG1 could displace binding of LAT52, consistent with the idea that LePRK1 and LePRK2 might interact with different ligands at different stages of pollen tube growth. Exogenous LeSTIG1 promotes pollen tube growth in vitro. The interaction of these pollen kinases with LeSTIG1 supports the notion that LePRK1 and LePRK2 are involved in mediating pollen-pistil interactions. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu RI Tang, Wei-Hua/C-9989-2011; OI Tang, Wei-Hua/0000-0002-6167-7870; /0000-0001-9080-3031; McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 32 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02139.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838OY UT WOS:000222723900006 PM 15255864 ER PT J AU Guyon, V Tang, WH Monti, MM Raiola, A De Lorenzo, G McCormick, S Taylor, LP AF Guyon, V Tang, WH Monti, MM Raiola, A De Lorenzo, G McCormick, S Taylor, LP TI Antisense phenotypes reveal a role for SHY, a pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat protein, in pollen tube growth SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pollen germination; leucine-rich repeat; antisense ID POLYGALACTURONASE-INHIBITING PROTEINS; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; FLAVONOL ACCUMULATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PISTIL INTERACTIONS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; PETUNIA-HYBRIDA; RECEPTOR; ARABIDOPSIS; POLLINATION AB SHY, a pollen-specific gene identified in a screen for genes upregulated at pollen germination (Guyon et al., 2000), encodes a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein that is predicted to be secreted. To test if SHY plays an important role during pollen germination, we generated transgenic plants expressing an antisense (AS) copy of the SHY cDNA in pollen. Primary transformants exhibited poor seed set, but homozygous lines could be identified. In these lines, nearly all pollen tubes failed to reach the ovules; tube growth was arrested at the apex of the ovary and the pollen tubes exhibited abnormal callose deposits throughout the tube and in the tips. We show that a SHY::eGFP fusion protein is targeted to the cell wall. The structure of the SHY protein is nearly identical to other extracellular matrix glycoproteins that are composed of LRRs, such as the polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins (PGIP) of plants. PGIPs may function as defense proteins by inhibiting fungal endo-polygalacturonases, but enzyme assays with extracts of AS-SHY pollen do not support such an inhibitor role for SHY. The tomato ortholog of SHY interacts with a tomato receptor kinase (LePRK2) in yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays (Tang et al., 2002, 2004); this, and the AS-SHY phenotypes, suggest instead that SHY might function in a signal transduction pathway mediating pollen tube growth. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Plant Biol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Taylor, LP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM ltaylor@wsu.edu RI Tang, Wei-Hua/C-9989-2011; De Lorenzo, Giulia/F-5475-2013; raiola, alessandro/K-8262-2015; OI Tang, Wei-Hua/0000-0002-6167-7870; De Lorenzo, Giulia/0000-0002-1707-5418; raiola, alessandro/0000-0002-3635-9117; McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 56 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 643 EP 654 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02162.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 841PX UT WOS:000222944600012 PM 15272880 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Mackey, B Cotty, PJ AF Bock, CH Mackey, B Cotty, PJ TI Population dynamics of Aspergillus flavus in the air of an intensively cultivated region of south-west Arizona SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin management; agricultural dust; epidemiology; spore sampling ID ATOXIGENIC STRAIN; AFLATOXIN CONTENT; COTTON; SPORES; FIELD; TEMPERATURE; INFECTION; MOISTURE; BOLLS; FUNGI AB Airborne propagules of Aspergillus flavus were quantified to investigate population dynamics of A. flavus in a region of south-west Arizona prone to epidemics of aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. Air was sampled continuously from May 1997 to March 1999 at two sites using Burkard cyclone samplers. One sampler was initially at the centre of 65 ha of cotton treated with an atoxigenic strain of A. flavus to manage aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. The second sampler was 0.6 km from the treated field. Total fungal colony-forming units (CFU) sampled ranged from 17 to 667 and from 9 to 1277 m(-3) at the untreated and treated sites, respectively. Counts of A. flavus ranged from 0 to 406 m(-3) and from 0 to 416 per m(-3) at the untreated and treated sites, respectively. Aspergillus flavus comprised 1-46 and 1-51% of the total cultured fungi at the treated and untreated sites, respectively. Peaks in total fungal and A. flavus CFU coincided with boll maturation and cotton harvest (days 251-321). Autoregression analysis suggested that there was no difference in total fungal CFU between treated and untreated sites, but the analysis showed that the quantity of A. flavus decreased at the treated site. This is probably caused by changes in cropping making the conditions less conducive to growth and reproduction of A. flavus in the surrounding fields. The incidence of the S strain of A. flavus was highest between May and August. The L strain accounted for up to 100% of the A. flavus sampled in the other months, and autoregression analysis showed that the L strain accounted for a greater overall proportion of the A. flavus population at the treated site compared with the untreated site. Autoregression analysis also showed the vegetative compatibility group of the applied strain was a greater proportion of L-strain A. flavus at the treated site (5-75%) than at the untreated site (0-65%), although this decreased with time. The quantity of A. flavus sampled at both treated and untreated sites was correlated with air and soil temperature. Large quantities of A. flavus occurred in the soil (up to 34 474 CFU g(-1)) of cotton fields and on cotton plant parts and debris (up to 272 461 CFU g(-1)) adjacent to the cyclone samplers. Aspergillus flavus is a major constituent of the airborne mycoflora associated with cotton fields in south-west Arizona when temperature is conducive to fungal growth. Although application of atoxigenic A. flavus altered the proportion of A. flavus strains and vegetative compatibility groups in the aerial mycoflora, the total quantity of A. flavus remained similar to that in untreated fields. Dispersal of A. flavus between fields suggests that atoxigenic fungi will be most effective in area-wide management programmes. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, USDA ARS, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. ARS, USDA, PWA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, USDA ARS, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Forbes 204,1140 E Campus Dr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pjcotty@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 53 IS 4 BP 422 EP 433 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.01015.x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 848VC UT WOS:000223495200006 ER PT J AU Morgan, PB Bernacchi, CJ Ort, DR Long, SP AF Morgan, PB Bernacchi, CJ Ort, DR Long, SP TI An in vivo analysis of the effect of season-long open-air elevation of ozone to anticipated 2050 levels on photosynthesis in soybean SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; CO2 ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; GLYCINE-MAX; LIMITED PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIMITATIONS; GROWTH; O-3 AB Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is widely recognized, but less appreciated is a concomitant rise in tropospheric ozone concentration ([O-3]). In industrialized countries, [O-3] has risen by 0.5% to 2.5% per year. Tropospheric [O-3] is predicted to reach a global mean of >60 nL L-1 by 2050 with greater averages locally. Previous studies in enclosures suggest that this level of [O-3] will decrease leaf photosynthesis, thereby limiting growth and yield of Glycine max L. Merr. SoyFACE (Soybean Free Air gas Concentration Enrichment) is the first facility to elevate atmospheric [O-3] (approximately 1.2X current) in replicated plots under completely open-air conditions within an agricultural field. Measurements of gas exchange (assimilation versus light and assimilation versus intercellular [CO2]) were made on excised leaves from control and treatment plots (n = 4). In contrast to expectations from previous chamber studies, elevated [O-3] did not alter light-saturated photosynthesis (A(sat), P = 0.09), carboxylation capacity (V-c,V-max,V- P = 0.82), or maximum electron transport (J(max), P = 0.66) for the topmost most recently fully expanded leaf at any stage crop development. Leaves formed during the vegetative growth stage did not show a significant ozone-induced loss of photosynthetic capacity as they aged. Leaves formed during flowering did show a more rapid loss of photosynthetic capacity as they aged in elevated [O-3]. A(sat), V-c,V-max, and J(max) (P = 0.04, 0.004, and 0.002, respectively) were decreased 20% to 30% by treatment with ozone. This is noteworthy since these leaves provide photosynthate to the developing grain. In conclusion, a small (approximately 20%) increase in tropospheric [O-3] did not significantly alter photosynthetic capacity of newly expanded leaves, but as these leaves aged, losses in photosynthetic carbon assimilation occurred. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X NR 50 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 135 IS 4 BP 2348 EP 2357 DI 10.1104/pp.104.043968 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 848QO UT WOS:000223482400044 PM 15299126 ER PT J AU Elkinton, JS Liebhold, AM Muzika, RM AF Elkinton, JS Liebhold, AM Muzika, RM TI Effects of alternative prey on predation by small mammals on gypsy moth pupae SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae; small mammals; functional response; Peromyscus leucopus ID FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; NATURAL ENEMIES; LARVAE; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS; GENERALIST; OUTBREAKS; ACORNS AB Previous work shows that predation by small mammals is a dominant cause of mortality of low-density gypsy moths in North America and that declines in small mammal density result in increases in gypsy moth density. Here we examined whether predation by small mammals is density dependent by way of a type III functional response, and how predation is influenced by alternative prey. First we showed that the preference of predators for gypsy moth pupae was low compared to other experimental prey items, such as mealworm pupae and sunflower seeds. Predation on gypsy moth pupae was characterized by a type II functional response with percent predation highest at the lowest prey densities, whereas the functional response to sunflower seeds was characterized by a type III functional response in which predation increased with increasing prey density. These results suggest that predation by small mammals is unlikely to stabilize low-density gypsy moth populations. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO USA. RP Elkinton, JS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Fernald Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM elkinton@ent.umass.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 36 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 46 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s10144-004-0175-y PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855EU UT WOS:000223956800008 ER PT J AU Abbott, JA Saftner, RA Gross, KC Vinyard, BT Janick, J AF Abbott, JA Saftner, RA Gross, KC Vinyard, BT Janick, J TI Consumer evaluation and quality measurement of fresh-cut slices of 'Fuji,' 'Golden Delicious,' 'GoldRush,' and 'Granny Smith' apples SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malus x domestica; antibrowning; cultivars; sensory evaluation; SSC : acid ratio; surface color; firmness; volatile abundance ID STORAGE LIFE; INHIBITION; DECAY AB We compared the eating quality of a new apple cultivar, 'GoldRush,' with 'Golden Delicious' (one of its parents), 'Fuji,' and 'Granny Smith' (the latter two often used for fresh-cut apple slices). We also compared a commercial with an in-house processing treatment, NatureSeal for apples and Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory (PQSL), respectively. Intact apples that had been stored for about 6 months were washed, processed into fresh-cut slices, stored, and then served to consumers. Both NatureSeal and PQSL treatments maintained cut-surface color values similar to values at the time of cutting. NatureSeal-treated slices were rated slightly better for texture than those receiving the PQSL treatment, but there was no significant difference in acceptability of appearance or flavor. Acceptability scores for the texture and flavor of 'GoldRush,' and of 'Fuji' when included, were higher than those of 'Granny Smith' and 'Golden Delicious.' There were small age and gender biases, with older women liking 'GoldRush' less and older men liking 'Granny Smith' less than other age groups and cultivars in one study. No instrumental measurement was a satisfactory predictor of sensory acceptability scores. 'GoldRush' proved to be a promising new cultivar for fresh-cut apple slices and the in-house processing solution maintained the quality of apple slices similar to that of a commercial processing treatment. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Hort, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Abbott, JA (reprint author), ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM abbottj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2003.12.008 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 837YM UT WOS:000222677400003 ER PT J AU Birla, SL Wang, S Tang, J Hallman, G AF Birla, SL Wang, S Tang, J Hallman, G TI Improving heating uniformity of fresh fruit in radio frequency treatments for pest control SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; fruit mover; orange; radio frequency; temperature uniformity ID IN-SHELL WALNUTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CODLING MOTH; AIR TREATMENT; INSECT PESTS; HOT-AIR; FLY; ENERGY AB Non-uniform heating of fresh fruit caused by variations in radio frequency (RF) fields is a major obstacle in developing postharvest insect control treatments based on RF energy. A fruit mover was developed to evaluate possibilities to improve RF heating uniformity of large fruit, such as oranges and apples, in a 12 kW batch type RF system. This fruit mover provided a means to rotate and move fruit in water when subjected to RF heating. Parameters for moving and rotating fruit in the mover were selected based on consideration of vortex formation, foaming, damage to the fruit, and volume occupied by the fruit in water. RF heating uniformity of oranges and apples in the mover was assessed using an infrared imaging technique and direct temperature measurement with fiber-optic sensors and thermocouples. The results showed that, with rotation and movement of fruit, temperature uniformity in oranges and apples was significantly improved with less than 2.8 and 3.1 degreesC standard deviations, respectively, after an average temperature rise of about 30degreesC in 7.8 min. The fruit mover can be used to develop a treatment protocol for disinfecting fresh fruit and to simulate industrial scale and continuous treatment systems. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jtang@mail.wsu.edu RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 27 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.02.010 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 837YM UT WOS:000222677400010 ER PT J AU Roush, WB Boykin, D Branton, SL AF Roush, WB Boykin, D Branton, SL TI Optimization of phase feeding of starter, grower, and finisher diets for male broilers by mixture experimental design: forty-eight-day production period SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; mixture design; phase feeding; response surface ID CHANGING TIME; PERFORMANCE; AGE; KG; PROTEIN; MODELS; CHICKS AB A mixture experiment, a variant of response surface methodology, was designed to determine the proportion of time to feed broiler starter (23% protein), grower (20% protein), and finisher (18% protein) diets to optimize production and processing variables based on a total production time of 48 d. Mixture designs are useful for proportion problems where the components of the experiment (i.e., length of time the diets were fed) add up to a unity (48 d). The experiment was conducted with day-old male Ross x Ross broiler chicks. The birds were placed 50 birds per pen in each of 60 pens. The experimental design was a 10-point augmented simplex-centroid (ASC) design with 6 replicates of each point. Each design point represented the portion(s) of the 48 d that each of the diets was fed. Formulation of the diets was based on NRC standards. At 49 d, each pen of birds was evaluated for production data including BW, feed conversion, and cost of feed consumed. Then, 6 birds were randomly selected from each pen for processing data. Processing variables included live weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, fat pad percentage, and breast yield (pectoralis major and pectoralis minor weights). Production and processing data were fit to simplex regression models. Model terms determined not to be significant (P > 0.05) were removed. The models were found to be statistically adequate for analysis of the response surfaces. A compromise solution was calculated based on optimal constraints designated for the production and processing data. The results indicated that broilers fed a starter and finisher diet for 30 and 18 d, respectively, would meet the production and processing constraints. Trace plots showed that the production and processing variables were not very sensitive to the grower diet. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Roush, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM broush@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1264 EP 1275 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 843IT UT WOS:000223072800003 PM 15339000 ER PT J AU Moore, RW Park, SY Kubena, LF Byrd, JA McReynolds, JL Burnham, MR Hume, ME Birkhold, SG Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Moore, RW Park, SY Kubena, LF Byrd, JA McReynolds, JL Burnham, MR Hume, ME Birkhold, SG Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Comparison of zinc acetate and propionate addition on gastrointestinal tract fermentation and susceptibility of laying hens to Salmonella enteritidis during forced molt SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE laying hen; molting; Salmonella enteritidis; zinc acetate; zinc propionate ID HIGH DIETARY ZINC; POSTMOLT EGG-PRODUCTION; FEED WITHDRAWAL; CAGED LAYERS; TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; BROILER CHICKS; PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES; LEGHORN HENS; BODY-WEIGHT; FATTY-ACIDS AB Feed deprivation is the most common method used to induce molting and stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles in laying hens for commercial egg production. Unfortunately, an increased risk of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) colonization may result from the use of this method. Methods to stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles without increasing the risk of SE are needed. In each of 3 experiments, hens over 50 wk of age were divided into groups of 12 and placed in individual laying cages. One week before dietary changes, hens were put on an 8L:16D photoperiod that continued for the 9-d experimental period. Hens in all treatments were challenged orally with 10(4) cfu of SE on the fourth day. Treatments were full fed hens (nonmolted, NM), nonfed hens (molted, M), a zinc acetate diet (ZAC), and a zinc propionate diet (ZPR). The zinc diets contained 10,000 mg of zinc per kilogram of diet. Body weight losses were significantly higher in the M, ZPR, and ZAC treatments than in the NM treatment. Crop lactic acid decreased more in M, ZPR, and ZAC treatments than in NM hens in trial 2. Crop pH was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in NM hens than in M, ZAC, and ZPR hens in trial 2. Although cecal individual or total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and lactic acid were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between NM hens and M, ZAC and ZPR hens in trial 1, lactic acid was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in NM hens than in M, ZAC and ZPR hens (trial 2), and cecal total VFA were lower in M hens than in NM, ZAC and ZPR hens (trial 3). Colonization of SE in the crop and ceca was higher in the M and ZPR hens (trials 1 and 2). Liver, spleen, or ovary invasion by SE was higher in the M and ZPR hens (trials I and 2) than in NM hens. At the zinc concentration used in these studies, the zinc dietary regimens may be effective for reducing the risk of SE during induced molt. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@poultry.tamu.edu NR 72 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1276 EP 1286 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 843IT UT WOS:000223072800004 PM 15339001 ER PT J AU Kidd, MT Corzo, A Hoehler, D Kerr, BJ Barber, SJ Branton, SL AF Kidd, MT Corzo, A Hoehler, D Kerr, BJ Barber, SJ Branton, SL TI Threonine needs of broiler chickens with different growth rates SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amino acid; broiler strain; lysine; threonine ID FINISHING BROILERS; AMINO-ACID; RESPONSES; REQUIREMENT; LYSINE; AGE; CARCASS; DIETS AB The Thr needs in 3 commercial broiler strains (A, multipurpose; B, high yield; C, high yield) known to differ in terms of feed intake, growth rate, and breast yield were evaluated. Birds were randomized across 96 floor pens (12 birds/pen), received a common diet from d 1 to 20, and were fed graduations of Thr (0.52 to 0.87% total Thr in 0.07% increments) from d 21 to 42. Treatments (3 x 6 factorial) were replicated 5 or 6 times. The corn, soybean meal, and peanut meal test diet contained 0.43 and 0.96% digestible Thr and Lys, respectively. An additional group of strain C birds (6 pens) was maintained on a corn-soybean meal diet containing surfeit Thr (0.73% of diet). Birds fed the corn and soybean meal diet performed similarly (P less than or equal to 0.05) to birds fed peanut meal diets. A feed conversion interaction (P less than or equal to 0.05) occurred indicating that strain C was more sensitive to Thr deficiency than strains A and B. The abdominal fat interaction (P less than or equal to 0.05) indicated that strain A had more relative abdominal fat than strains B and C. All strains differed (P less than or equal to 0.05) in terms of BW gain (A, 78.2; B, 75.1; C, 72.9 g/d). Strain C had the lowest (P less than or equal to 0.05) feed intake, which resulted in the lowest (P < 0.05) Thr intake, but it had the highest (P < 0.05) breast meat yield. Most parameters tested yielded quadratic (P less than or equal to 0.05) models whereby Thr estimates could be predicted. Namely, BW gain and breast meat yield resulted in total Thr estimates (95% of maximum response) of 0.74 and 0.71%, respectively, which are in close agreement with the 1994 NRC (0.74%). The plasma Thr sigmoid response verified the former estimates. Analysis of strain intercepts and slopes as affected by Thr differed (P less than or equal to 0.05) in terms of feed intake but not BW gain or breast meat yield. The 21 to 42 d Thr need across strains was estimated as 0.74% total or 0.65% digestible. Because dietary Lys was not in excess of the bird's needs, the former digestibility estimate equated to a Thr/Lys of 0.68. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. Degussa Corp, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kidd, MT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM mkidd@poultry.msstate.edu NR 21 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1368 EP 1375 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 843IT UT WOS:000223072800015 PM 15339012 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Kidd, MT Burnham, DJ Kerr, BJ AF Corzo, A Kidd, MT Burnham, DJ Kerr, BJ TI Dietary glycine needs of broiler chicks SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chick; glycine; plasma amino acid ID PLUS SERINE; ACID; REQUIREMENT; METABOLISM; THREONINE; GROWTH AB Dietary Gly might become a limiting factor in all-vegetable diets fed to broiler chicks when low CP is formulated in combination with marginal levels of dietary Thr and Ser. A study was conducted to evaluate dietary Gly needs of broiler chicks. Day-old Ross 508 male chicks were placed in 32 floor pens (15 chicks/pen). Chicks were fed a common prestarter diet from 0 to 7 d of age and then fed a diet that contained progressive amounts of dietary Gly ranging from 0.62 to 1.22% from 7 to 20 d of age. Treatment effects were observed for weight gain and feed conversion. Chicks responded in a quadratic manner to supplementation with dietary Gly. The dietary Gly level necessary to support maximum growth and feed conversion for the chick from 7 to 20 d of age was estimated to be at 0.98 (1.76% Gly + Ser) and 1.02% (1.80% Gly + Ser), respectively. Plasma Thr and Ser were unaffected by Gly supplementation, but plasma free Gly increased linearly. Dietary Gly may need to be considered as a limiting nutrient in early nutrition, especially if CP is low, and only vegetable ingredients are being used. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kidd, MT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mkidd@poultry.msstate.edu RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1382 EP 1384 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 843IT UT WOS:000223072800017 PM 15339014 ER PT J AU Cisar, CR Balog, JM Anthony, NB Iqbal, M Bottje, WG Donoghue, AM AF Cisar, CR Balog, JM Anthony, NB Iqbal, M Bottje, WG Donoghue, AM TI Differential expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins in cardiac tissues of broilers from pulmonary hypertension syndrome-resistant and -susceptible lines SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ascites syndrome; cardiac muscle; mitochondrial electron transport chain; protein expression; pulmonary hypertension syndrome ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; ASCITES SYNDROME; NITRIC-OXIDE; ARTERY OCCLUSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DYSFUNCTION; HYPOXIA; CHICKENS; HEART; LUNG AB Pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) is a metabolic disease associated with the rapid growth rate of modern broilers. Broilers susceptible to PHS experience sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure leading to right ventricular hypertrophy and ultimately heart failure. Previous studies have shown that mitochondrial function is defective in broilers with PHS; they use oxygen less efficiently than broilers without PHS. In this study mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) protein levels were compared in cardiac tissues from PHS resistant and susceptible line broilers using quantitative immunoblots. Seven of 9 anti-mammalian mitochondrial ETC protein antibodies tested exhibited cross-species reactivity. Six ETC proteins were differentially expressed in the right ventricles of broilers raised under simulated high altitude conditions (2,900 m above sea level). Four ETC proteins were present at higher levels in resistant line birds without PHS than in resistant line birds with PHS or in susceptible line birds with or without PHS. One ETC protein was present at higher levels in broilers without PHS than in broilers with PHS in both lines, and one ETC protein was present at lower levels in susceptible line birds without PHS than in susceptible line birds with PHS or in resistant line birds with or without PHS. Interestingly, differential expression of mitochondrial ETC proteins was not observed in the right ventricles of broilers raised at local altitude (390 m above sea level) nor was it observed in the left ventricles of broilers exposed to simulated high altitude. These results suggest that higher levels of mitochondrial ETC proteins in right ventricle cardiac muscle may be correlated with resistance to PHS in broilers. C1 Univ Arkansas, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, ARS, USDA,Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Balog, JM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, ARS, USDA,Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jbalog@uark.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1420 EP 1426 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 843IT UT WOS:000223072800022 PM 15339019 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Hinton, A Buhr, RJ AF Cason, JA Hinton, A Buhr, RJ TI Impact of feathers and feather follicles on broiler carcass bacteria SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerobic bacteria; Campylobacter; Escherichia coli; feather follicle; skin ID POULTRY; CAMPYLOBACTER; CONTAMINATION; SALMONELLA; CHICKENS; RECOVERY AB Genetically featherless and feathered broiler siblings were used to test the contribution of feathers and feather follicles to the numbers of aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter in whole-carcass rinse samples taken immediately after carcasses were defeathered for 30 or 60 s. Numbers of spoilage bacteria were counted after the same fully processed carcasses were stored for 1 wk at 2degreesC. In each of 3 replications, twenty-eight 11-wk-old, mixed-sex, genetically featherless or feathered broilers were processed in a laboratory processing facility. Immediately after individual defeathering in a mechanical picker, carcasses were sampled using a carcass rinse technique. Carcasses were eviscerated, immersion chilled at 2degreesC for 30 min, individually bagged, and stored for 1 wk at 2degreesC, after which all carcasses were rinsed again, and spoilage bacteria in the rinsate were enumerated. There were no significant differences (P less than or equal to 0.05) between the featherless and feathered broilers in numbers of aerobic bacteria, E. coli, and Campylobacter in rinse samples taken immediately after defeathering and no differences between carcasses picked for 30 or 60 s. There were no differences in numbers of spoilage bacteria after 1 wk of refrigeration for any of the feather presence-picking length combinations. Although the defeathering step in poultry processing has been identified as an opportunity for bacterial contamination from the intestinal tract and cross-contamination between carcasses, the presence of feathers and feather follicles does not make a significant difference in carcass bacterial contamination immediately after defeathering or in spoilage bacteria after 1 wk of refrigeration. C1 ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Cason, JA (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jcason@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1452 EP 1455 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 843IT UT WOS:000223072800027 PM 15339024 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Lyon, BG Windham, WR Lyon, CE Savage, EM AF Liu, Y Lyon, BG Windham, WR Lyon, CE Savage, EM TI Prediction of physical, color, and sensory characteristics of broiler breasts by visible/near infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken meat; color; sensory; tenderness; visible/NIR spectroscopy ID SHEAR VALUES; MEAT; TENDERNESS; POULTRY; STORAGE AB The feasibility of predicting pH, color, shear force, and sensory characteristics of chicken breasts deboned at 2, 4, 6, and 24 h postmortem by visible/near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in the 400 to 1850 nm region was determined. Prediction of physical attributes of Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) color values (L*, a*, and b*), pH, and shear force had better accuracies than those of individual sensory attributes. Calibration and validation statistics for shear force and sensory traits indicated that visible/near infra-red models were not significantly improved for cooked muscles compared with predictions based on raw muscle characteristics. On the basis of predicted shear values from the partial least squares (PLS) model, breast samples were classified into "tender" and "tough" classes with a correct classification of 74.0% if the boundary was set at 7.5 kg. The model developed from measured shears using soft independent modeling of class analogy/principal components analysis (SIMCA/PCA) showed nearly the same classification success. C1 ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lyon, BG (reprint author), ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM bglyon@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1467 EP 1474 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 843IT UT WOS:000223072800030 PM 15339027 ER PT J AU Qi, PX Wickham, ED Farrell, HM AF Qi, PX Wickham, ED Farrell, HM TI Thermal and alkaline denaturation of bovine beta-casein SO PROTEIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE beta-casein; denaturation; polyproline II; secondary structure; self-association; unfolding ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POLYPROLINE-II HELICES; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-ASSOCIATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MOLTEN GLOBULE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AB The secondary structure of bovine beta-casein was characterized using circular dichroism ( CD) and FTIR spectroscopies under physiologically relevant conditions. Analytical ultracentrifugation technique was used to follow the highly temperature, pH and concentration dependent self-association behavior. CD measurements provide convincing evidence for short segments of polyproline II-like structures in beta-casein in addition to a wide range of secondary structure elements, such as 10 - 20% alpha-helix, similar to 30% turns, 32 - 35% extended sheet. Results obtained at extreme pH (10.5) revealed structural destabilization in the monomeric form of the protein. At least four distinct structural transitions at 10, 33, 40 and 78 degreesC were observed at pH 6.75 by CD analysis, compared to only two transitions, 26 and 40 degreesC, at pH 10.5. Calculations from analytical ultracentrifugation suggest that the transitions at lower temperature ( less than or equal to 30 degreesC) occur primarily in the monomer. It is hypothesized that the transition at 10 degreesC and neutral pH may represent a general conformational change or cold denaturation. Those middle ranged transitions, i.e. 33 and 40 degreesC are more likely the reflection of hydrophobic changes in the core of beta-casein. As beta-casein undergoes self-association and increases in size, the transition at higher temperature ( 78 degreesC) is perhaps caused by the apparent conformational change within the micelle-like polymers. It has been shown that beta-casein binds the hydrophobic fluorescent probe ANS with high affinity in much similar fashion to molten globular proteins. The effect of urea denaturation on the bound complex effectively supports this observation. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Qi, PX (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pqi@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 21 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1572-3887 J9 PROTEIN J JI Protein J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 6 BP 389 EP 402 DI 10.1023/B:JOPC.0000039553.66233.3f PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 849QH UT WOS:000223554100006 PM 15517986 ER PT J AU Cheng, HW Muir, WM AF Cheng, HW Muir, WM TI Chronic social stress differentially regulates neuroendocrine responses in laying hens: II. Genetic basis of adrenal responses under three different social conditions SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic selection; social stress; adrenal gland; corticosterone; chickens ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; INCREASED BODY-WEIGHT; GROUP SELECTION; CORTICOSTERONE RESPONSE; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; HOUSING CONDITIONS; FEATHER PECKING; EGG-PRODUCTION; DOMESTIC-FOWL AB Chicken lines were divergently selected for both high (HGPS) or tow (LGPS) group productivity and survivability resulting from cannibalism and flightiness in colony cages. Each Line has unique characteristics in physical indexes, domestic behavior, and physiological responsiveness to stress. The differences between the selected tines could be reflected in differing regulation of the neuroendocrine system such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Change of the adrenal function is a key initial event in response to stress in animals, which differs for this trait. Comparisons between the selected tines showed that adrenal function was stable in HGPS hens but not in LGPS hens in response to chronic social stress. Social stress-induced adrenal hypertrophy and its positive correlation with plasma corticosterone concentrations were found in the LGPS hens but not in the HGPS hens. The data demonstrated that chickens selected for variations in productivity and survivability variously altered the adrenal system in response to social stressors. The results suggest that these chicken lines could be valuable animal models for biomedical investigation of the effect of genetic-environmental interactions on the neuroendocrine function in controlling stress responses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 92 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4530 J9 PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO JI Psychoneuroendocrinology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 7 BP 961 EP 971 DI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.09.002 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 831WN UT WOS:000222227300018 PM 15177713 ER PT J AU Andersen, MC Adams, H Hope, B Powell, M AF Andersen, MC Adams, H Hope, B Powell, M TI Risk assessment for invasive species SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE invasive species; risk assessment; theoretical ecology ID FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENTS; NORTH-AMERICA; MODEL; LIFE AB Although estimates vary, there is a broad agreement that invasive species impose major costs on the US. economy, as well as posing risks to nonmarket environmental goods and services and to public health. The domestic effort to manage risks associated with invasive species is coordinated by the National Invasive Species Council, (NISC), which is charged with developing a science-based process to evaluate risks associated with the introduction and spread of invasive species. Various international agreements have also elevated invasive species issues onto the international policy agenda. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement establishes rights and obligations to adhere to the discipline of scientific risk assessment to ensure that SPS measures are applied only to the extent required to protect human, animal, and plant health, and do not constitute arbitrary or unjustifiable technical barriers to trade. Currently, however, the field of risk assessment for invasive species is in its infancy. Therefore, there is a pressing need to formulate scientifically sound methods and approaches in this emerging field, while acknowledging that the demand for situation-specific empirical evidence is likely to persistently outstrip supply. To begin addressing this need, the Society for Risk Analysis Ecological Risk Assessment Specialty Group and the Ecological Society of America Theoretical Ecology Section convened a joint workshop to provide independent scientific input into the formulation of methods and processes for risk assessment of invasive species to ensure that the analytic processes used domestically and internationally will be firmly rooted in sound scientific principles. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Portland, OR 97215 USA. USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Andersen, MC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM manderse@nmsu.edu NR 34 TC 96 Z9 112 U1 22 U2 73 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 787 EP 793 DI 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00478.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 856OG UT WOS:000224053900002 PM 15357799 ER PT J AU Andersen, MC Adams, H Hope, B Powell, M AF Andersen, MC Adams, H Hope, B Powell, M TI Risk analysis for invasive species: General framework and research needs SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE invasive species; risk assessment; theoretical ecology ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; DISPERSAL; MODELS AB A joint workshop was convened by the Society for Risk Analysis Ecological Risk Assessment Specialty Group and the Ecological Society of America Theoretical Ecology Section to provide independent scientific input into the formulation of methods and processes for risk assessment of invasive species. In breakout sessions on (1) the effects of invasive species on human health, (2) effects on plants and animals, (3) risk analysis issues and research needs related to entry and establishment of invasive species, and (4) risk analysis issues and research needs related to the spread and impacts of invasive species, workshop participants discussed an overall approach to risk assessment for invasive species. Workshop participants agreed on the need for empirical research on areas in which data are lacking, including potential invasive species, native species and habitats that may be impacted by invasive species, important biological processes and phenomena such as dispersal, and pathways of entry and spread for invasive species. Participants agreed that theoretical ecology can inform the process of risk assessment for invasive species by providing guidelines and conceptual models, and can contribute to improved decision making by providing a firm biological basis for risk assessments. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Portland, OR 97215 USA. USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Andersen, MC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM manderse@nmsu.edu NR 28 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 893 EP 900 DI 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00487.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 856OG UT WOS:000224053900011 PM 15357808 ER PT J AU Gamborg, C Parrotta, J Thorsen, BJ AF Gamborg, C Parrotta, J Thorsen, BJ TI The forest science/policy interface in Europe, Africa and the Middle East: Building bridges to a sustainable future - Preface SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Danish Ctr Forest Landscape & Planning, Skov & Landskab, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gamborg, C (reprint author), Danish Ctr Forest Landscape & Planning, Skov & Landskab, Horsholm Kongevej 11, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. EM chg@kvi.dk RI Thorsen, Bo Jellesmark/K-8770-2014; Gamborg, Christian/L-7392-2014 OI Thorsen, Bo Jellesmark/0000-0002-3305-8343; Gamborg, Christian/0000-0003-3150-8280 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 SU 4 BP 3 EP 3 DI 10.1080/14004080410034001 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 850TQ UT WOS:000223636000001 ER PT J AU Guldin, RW Koch, NE Parrotta, J Gamborg, C Thorsen, BJ AF Guldin, RW Koch, NE Parrotta, J Gamborg, C Thorsen, BJ TI Forest science and forest policy in Europe, Africa and the Middle East: Building bridges to a sustainable future SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Forest Policies in the European-African Region and the Middle East CY 2003 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK DE forest policy; science-policy interface; scientific community; values AB Making forest policies that help to bridge from the current situation to a sustainable future requires sound scientific information. Too often, scientific information is available, yet policy makers do not use it. At a workshop in Denmark, attendees reviewed case studies where forest science influenced forest policies and identified six major reasons for success. Three reasons related to the role of people in protecting, managing and using forests, and ways in which they worked effectively with researchers and policy makers. Three reasons related to the nature of the interaction between the science and policy arenas and the way in which those arenas were organized and functioned. The scientific process is often considered to promote rational thought and exploration of the unknown. An assumption that the policy-making process is equally rational may be unwarranted. Values are central to the policy change process. Thus, scientists who hope to be more effective in spanning the boundaries between the scientific arena and the policy arena constantly have to remember that scientific information in itself is not the primary driver of policy change. C1 Int Union Forest Res Org, Div Social Econ Informat & Policy Sci 6, Vienna, Austria. Int Union Forest Res Org, Div Silviculture 1, Vienna, Austria. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Danish Ctr Forest Landscape & Planning, Skov & Landskab, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. RP Guldin, RW (reprint author), Int Union Forest Res Org, Div Social Econ Informat & Policy Sci 6, Vienna, Austria. EM rguldin@fs.fed.us RI Thorsen, Bo Jellesmark/K-8770-2014; Gamborg, Christian/L-7392-2014; OI Thorsen, Bo Jellesmark/0000-0002-3305-8343; Gamborg, Christian/0000-0003-3150-8280; Guldin, Richard/0000-0002-7210-6125 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 SU 4 BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1080/14004080410034010 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 850TQ UT WOS:000223636000002 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Badea, O Fleischer, P Grodzinska, K AF Bytnerowicz, A Badea, O Fleischer, P Grodzinska, K TI Science, land management and policy in international studies on the effects of air pollution on carpathian forest ecosystems SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Forest Policies in the European-African Region and the Middle East CY 2003 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK DE air pollution; forest health monitoring; forests management; international collaboration; mountain forests; ozone ID CENTRAL-EUROPE; SIERRA-NEVADA; OZONE; MOUNTAINS; VEGETATION AB US-Central and Eastern European (CEE) collaborative studies on the distribution and effects of air pollution on CEE forests have been conducted since 1992. Based on 1997-1999 ambient ozone (O(3)) monitoring, maps Of O(3) distribution in the Carpathian Mountains of central Europe were developed. These maps helped to understand air pollution risks in the Carpathian forests and to develop national regulations for the protected areas and for forest vegetation monitoring. The Carpathian study led to the establishment of two international long-term ecological research (ILTER) sites in the Retezat (Romania) and Tatra Mountains (Poland and Slovakia). During 2000-2002, differences in responses of natural versus managed forest to air pollution, including biodiversity changes, were investigated. During 2003-2005, research in these two ILTER sites focuses on the evaluation of resources and responses of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) to the increasing O(3) concentrations. The US-CEE collaboration helps in establishing a strong partnership between scientists and managers, and comparing the status and effects of air pollution in mountain forests of North America and Europe. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Forest Res & Management Inst, Bucharest 72904, Romania. Tatra Natl Pk, Tatranska Lomnica 05960, Slovakia. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bot, PL-31512 Krakow, Poland. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 SU 4 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1080/14004080410034218 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 850TQ UT WOS:000223636000016 ER PT J AU Peterson, CE Shriner, DS AF Peterson, CE Shriner, DS TI Contributions of acid rain research to the forest science-policy interface: Learning from the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Forest Policies in the European-African Region and the Middle East CY 2003 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK DE NAPAP; peer review; quality assurance; science credibility; science relevancy; synthesis and integration ID NATURAL PINE STANDS; UNITED-STATES; RED SPRUCE; DEPOSITION; DECLINE AB The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) created a lasting legacy for forestry research in the USA, in particular how research organizations harness their science for better informed decision making. The blueprint for present-day quality assurance in Forest Service research originated under NAPAP's Forest Response Program, as did much of the current thinking about big science, interdisciplinary efforts, timeliness of final products and valuing sustained communication. The degree to which knowledge and experience subsequently helped to shape and build a more credible science foundation has become increasingly evident over the intervening decade, yet has gone unrecognized by many of today's forest scientists and managers. C1 Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Peterson, CE (reprint author), Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM cepeterson@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 SU 4 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1080/14004080410034245 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 850TQ UT WOS:000223636000019 ER PT J AU Wagner, RL Walker-Simmons, MK AF Wagner, RL Walker-Simmons, MK TI Protein phosphorylation is suppressed when wheat embryos are hydrated and remain growth arrested SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dormancy; germination; okadaic acid; protein phosphatase; protein phosphorylation; Triticum aestivum ID ABSCISIC-ACID; BARLEY ALEURONE; PHOSPHATASES; EXPRESSION; SEEDS; ARABIDOPSIS; GIBBERELLIN; GERMINATION; ACTIVATION; DORMANCY AB An early difference in net protein phosphorylation activity occurred in dormant and after-ripened wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains within the first hour of imbibition at 30degreesC. Embryos from dry, dormant and after-ripened caryopses exhibited a high degree of protein phosphorylation, particularly of four proteins (68, 54, 51 and 42 kDa). Upon hydration, protein phosphorylation activity in dormant embryos decreased within 1 h and reached minimal phosphorylation activity by 5 h. Protein phosphorylation activity in after-ripened (germinable) embryos was not suppressed and remained high during germination. If the hydrated dormant embryos were dried, protein phosphorylation activity was restored. Application of the protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, partially overcame dormancy and slowed the decrease in phosphorylation activity. These results suggested that reduction of protein phosphorylation activity slowed the rate of germination. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Walker-Simmons, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, George Washington Carver Bldg,Room 4-2210,5601 Su, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Kay.Simmons@NPS.ARS.USDA.GOV NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1079/SSR2004178 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 849ON UT WOS:000223548300004 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE AF Burke, JM Miller, JE TI Relative resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix lambs under conditions encountered in the southeastern region of the United States SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lamb; hair breeds; parasite tolerance ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS INFECTION; RED MAASAI; SHEEP; EWES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RAMBOUILLET; IVERMECTIN; MANAGEMENT; BURDENS; SUFFOLK AB A study was conducted to evaluate the relative resistance to a natural or induced gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infection in hair and wool breeds of lambs. In Experiment 1, natural GI nematode infection was evaluated among fall born Dorper crossbred (DO; n = 17) or St. Croix (SC; n = 17) lambs. Ewe and wether lambs were weaned at 84 +/- 1.1 days of age and dewormed. Fecal egg counts (FECs) and blood packed cell volume (PCV) were determined between weaning and 56 days later. In Experiment 2, natural GI nematode infection was evaluated among spring born DO (7/8 or 3/4 Dorper; n = 24), Katahdin (KA; n = 26), SC (n = 8), and Suffolk (SU; n = 10; wethers only) ewe and wether lambs from weaning (60 +/- 1.3 days of age; April) to 115 +/- 1.3 days of age (June). In both studies, lambs grazed bermudagrass overseeded with ryegrass, previously grazed with sheep, and were supplemented with 225-500 g of corn/soybean meal supplement. In Experiment 3, the relative resistance was examined among DO (n = 8), KA (n = 8), and SC (n = 9) ewe lambs to induced GI nematode infection (20,000 Haemonchus contortus L3). Lambs were weaned at 62 +/- 2.3 days of age, dewormed 22 days later and inoculated 6 days later (Day 0). In Experiment 1, FEC was greater (P < 0.04) at weaning in DO lambs and PCV was similar between DO and SC lambs. In Experiment 2, FEC was greatest and PCV least in DO lambs when compared with other breeds (breed x time, P < 0.003). In Experiment 3, FEC was greater in DO and KA lambs compared with SC lambs (P < 0.02). By Day 42, four DO, six KA, and three SC lambs had been dewormed. With a low to moderate challenge, resistance to infection was similar among the three hair breeds examined and greater than the wool breed lambs. When the challenge escalated, St. Croix lambs were most resistant and Dorper crossbred lambs were similar or less resistant than Katahdin lambs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2003.10.009 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 842TJ UT WOS:000223026800005 ER PT J AU Johnson, CY Bowker, JM Bergstrom, JC Cordell, HK AF Johnson, CY Bowker, JM Bergstrom, JC Cordell, HK TI Wilderness values in America: Does immigrant status or ethnicity matter? SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE environmental perception; immigrants; race/ethnicity; wilderness value ID ENVIRONMENTAL DISCOURSES; SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION; UNITED-STATES; LATIN-AMERICA; POPULATION; BEHAVIORS; RACE AB Little is known about the values immigrant groups or U.S.-born racial and ethnic minorities attribute to wilderness. However, the views of these groups are important to wilderness preservation because of increasing diversity along ethnic, cultural, and racial lines in the United States. We examine the proposition that wilderness is a social construction ( valued primarily by U.S.-born Whites) by comparing wilderness values for immigrants and U.S.-born minority respondents to Whites. Results from 10 wilderness value items show immigrants are significantly less likely to indicate on-site use value. Among U.S.-born racial/ethnic groups, Black respondents were least likely to indicate values associated with visitation and off-site use but as likely as Whites to indicate a value for continued existence of wilderness. U. S.-born Asians and Latinos were also less likely than Whites to indicate values relating to wilderness on-site use. Implications of findings for wilderness as social construction are discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Johnson, CY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cjohnson09@fs.fed.us NR 65 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 7 BP 611 EP 628 DI 10.1080/08941920490466585 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 837KH UT WOS:000222628100004 ER PT J AU Green, VS Stott, DE Graveel, JG Norton, LD AF Green, VS Stott, DE Graveel, JG Norton, LD TI Stability analysis of soil aggregates treated with anionic polyacrylamides of different molecular formulations SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aggregate stability; slaking; polyacrylamide ID STRUCTURAL STABILITY; WATER INFILTRATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; EROSION; AMENDMENTS; RAINFALL; POLYMERS; WEIGHT; IMPACT AB Soil sealing and erosion on agricultural fields is a severe problem that often leads to increased runoff and decreased soil quality. Much research has been conducted using polyacrylamide (PAM) to control soil sealing and reduce erosion, yet few studies have attempted to determine the most effective molecular formulation(s) of PAM. Our objective was to examine the ability of a range of PAM formulations to stabilize soil aggregates. We hypothesized that PAM would perform differently on an assortment of soil types with varying optimum formulations and effectiveness. The PAM solutions studied included combinations of three molecular weights (MW: 6, 12, and 18 Mg mol(-1)) and three charge densities (CD: 20, 30, and 40% hydrolysis). The soils used varied in both texture and mineralogy: Heiden clay (fine, smectitic, thermic Udic Haplusterts), Cecil sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults), and Fincastle silt loam (fine-silty mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs). Soil samples treated with PAMs of different formulations were analyzed using a fall velocity settling tube. A slaking index (SI) and an aggregate stabilization index (ASI) were used to compare the treatments. Polyacrylamide enhanced resistance to slaking of Fincastle silt loam but not Heiden clay or Cecil sandy loam. Furthermore, differences among PAM treatments were observed only for the Fincastle silt loam. When examining slaking and dispersion components together, PAM treated aggregates were more stable than the control for Heiden clay and Fincastle silt loam soils. For Heiden clay, CD was the main factor influencing aggregate stability, whereas CD x MW controlled the stability of Cecil sandy loam. Fincastle silt loam exhibited no preference to a specific PAM formulation factor. Polyacrylamide was effective in enhancing the stability of aggregates; however, it may not be as important in controlling the slaking component specifically. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Stott, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM destott@purdue.edu RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 169 IS 8 BP 573 EP 581 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000138416.30169.3f PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 847AQ UT WOS:000223361400004 ER PT J AU Morris, DR Glaz, B Daroub, SH AF Morris, DR Glaz, B Daroub, SH TI Organic soil oxidation potential due to periodic flood and drainage depth under sugarcane SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE C-14 isotope; Histosols; lysimeter; soil temperature; substrate-induced; respiration ID EVERGLADES AGRICULTURAL AREA; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CARBON METABOLISM; SOUTH FLORIDA; HISTOSOLS; MINERALIZATION; MANAGEMENT; SUBSIDENCE AB Organic soils subside when they are drained continuously, primarily because of aerobic microbial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the organic matter oxidation potential of an organic soil that is the result of intermittent flooding and draining in combination with different water table depths, some suitable for the culture of sugarcane. A 2-year outdoor study was conducted with lysimeters filled with a Pahokee muck soil (Euic, hyperthermic Lithic Haplosaprist) and planted to sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.). Treatments were flooding for 7 days, followed by drainage for 14 days to 16-, 33-, or 50-cm water table levels below the soil surface. A continuous drain treatment to a 50-cm water table was included as a control. Soils were sampled during four flood/drain cycles in both years. Oxidation of C-14 (carboxyl)-benzoate applied to soil was used to estimate oxidation potential. In the continuously drained treatment, oxidation potential remained constant at 457 nmol CO2 kg(-1) soil h(-1). In the treatments of flood followed by drainage to 33- and 50-cm depths, soil organic matter oxidation potential increased immediately upon drainage and reached close to maximum activity (384 and 473 nmol CO2 kg(-1) soil h(-1), respectively) in 3 to 7 days. Oxidation potential in the 16-cm water table declined from 339 to 289 nmol CO2 kg(-1) soil h(-1) during the drainage cycle, possibly due to inhibitory influences in the sugarcane rhizosphere on microbial activity. Histosols may not need to be submerged continuously to reduce oxidation potential substantially. Two weeks of drainage to a 16-cm water table depth after 1 week of flooding resulted in an organic matter oxidation potential similar to flood in this lysimeter study. C1 ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Morris, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM dmorris@saa.ars.usda.gov RI yang, lixia/D-7815-2011 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 169 IS 8 BP 600 EP 608 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000138413.84427.8e PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 847AQ UT WOS:000223361400007 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL AF Karlen, DL TI Soil quality as an indicator of sustainable tillage practices SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, MWA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, MWA, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM karlen@nstl.gov NR 9 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 78 IS 2 BP 129 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.02.001 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 840FU UT WOS:000222843400001 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Tanaka, DL Wienhold, BJ AF Liebig, MA Tanaka, DL Wienhold, BJ TI Tillage and cropping effects on soil quality indicators in the northern Great Plains SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE no-till; continuous cropping; soil quality; Wilton silt loam; northern Great Plains ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SPRING WHEAT; NO-TILL; ORGANIC-CARBON; WATER STORAGE; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS; FALLOW; MINERALIZATION AB The extreme climate of the northern Great Plains of North America requires cropping systems to possess a resilient soil resource in order to be sustainable. This paper summarizes the interactive effects of tillage, crop sequence, and cropping intensity on soil quality indicators for two long-term cropping system experiments in the northern Great Plains. The experiments, located in central North Dakota, were established in 1984 and 1993 on a Wilton silt loam (FAO: Calcic Siltic Chernozem; USDA(1): fine-silty, mixed, superactive frigid Pachic Haplustoll). Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties considered as indicators of soil quality were evaluated in spring 2001 in both experiments at depths of 0-7.5, 7.5-15, and 15-30 cm. Management effects on soil properties were largely limited to the surface 7.5 cm in both experiments. For the experiment established in 1984, differences in soil condition between a continuous crop, no-till system and a crop-fallow, conventional tillage system were substantial. Within the surface 7.5 cm, the continuous crop, no-till system possessed significantly more soil organic C (by 7.28 Mg ha(-1)), particulate organic matter C (POM-C) (by 4.98 Mg ha(-1)), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) (by 32.4 kg ha(-1)), and microbial biomass C (by 586 kg ha(-1)), as well as greater aggregate stability (by 33.4%) and faster infiltration rates (by 55.6 cm h(-1)) relative to the crop-fallow, conventional tillage system. Thus, soil from the continuous crop, no-till system was improved with respect to its ability to provide a source for plant nutrients, withstand erosion, and facilitate water transfer. Soil properties were affected less by management practices in the experiment established in 1993, although organic matter related properties tended to be greater under continuous cropping or minimum tillage than crop sequences with fallow or no-till. In particular, PMN and microbial biomass C were greatest in continuous spring wheat (with residue removed) (22.5 kg ha(-1) for PMN; 792 kg ha(-1) for microbial biomass Q as compared with sequences with fallow (SW-S-F and SW-F) (Average = 15.9 kg ha(-1) for PMN; 577 kg ha(-1) for microbial biomass Q. Results from both experiments confirm that farmers in the northern Great Plains of North America can improve soil quality and agricultural sustainability by adopting production systems that employ intensive cropping practices with reduced tillage management. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM liebigm@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 47 TC 102 Z9 118 U1 6 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 78 IS 2 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.02.002 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 840FU UT WOS:000222843400002 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD Karlen, DL AF Logsdon, SD Karlen, DL TI Bulk density as a soil quality indicator during conversion to no-tillage SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil compaction; no-tillage; ridge-tillage; landscape position; deep-loess soils ID SCALE WATERSHED EVALUATIONS; DEEP-LOESS SOILS; MANAGEMENT; RESIDUE AB Producers often identify compaction as an important problem, so bulk density is usually included in minimum data sets used to evaluate tillage and crop management effects on soil quality. The hypothesis for this study was that bulk density and associated water content would be useful soil quality indicators for evaluating the transitional effects associated with changing tillage and crop management practices on deep-loess soils. The study was conducted on three deep-loess, field-scale watersheds located in western Iowa, USA. The soils are classified as Haplic Phaeozems, Cumulic-Haplic Phaeozems, and Calearic Regosols. Watersheds 1 and 2 were converted in 1996 from conventional tillage to no-tillage, while watershed 3 was maintained using ridge-tillage and continuous corn (Zea mays L.), a practice implemented in 1972. Watershed I was converted to a corn-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation while watershed 2 was converted to a 6-year rotation that included corn, soybean, corn plus 3 years of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Bulk density and water content were measured at three landscape positions (summit, side-slope, and toe-slope), in 20 mm increments to a depth of 300 mm, five times between September 1996 and May 2000. Organic C and total N were also measured to a depth of 160 mm during the initial sampling. Neither bulk density nor water content showed any significant differences between the two watersheds being converted to no-tillage or between them and the ridge-till watershed. There also were no significant differences among landscape positions. Bulk densities and water contents showed some differences when adjacent sampling dates were compared, but there was no overall or consistent trend. Our results show that bulk density is not a useful soil quality indicator for these soils within the bulk density range encountered (0.8-1.6 Mg m(3)). Our results also confirm that producers do not necessarily have to worry about increased compaction when using ridge-tillage or changing from conventional to no-tillage practices on these or similar deep-loess soils. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM logsdon@nstl.gov NR 26 TC 56 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 78 IS 2 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.02.003 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 840FU UT WOS:000222843400003 ER PT J AU da Silva, JM Soares, JMCN Karlen, DL AF da Silva, JM Soares, JMCN Karlen, DL TI Implement and soil condition effects on tillage-induced erosion SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil translocation by tillage; soil quality; mouldboard; offset disc harrow ID TRANSLOCATION; SLOPE; RATES AB Water, wind, or tillage-induced soil erosion can significantly degrade soil quality. Therefore, understanding soil displacement through tillage translocation is an important step toward developing tillage practices that do not degrade soil resources. Our primary objective was to determine the effects of soil condition (i.e. grassland stubble versus previously tilled soil), opening angle, and harrow speed on soil translocation. A second field study also conducted on a Lixisol but only in the stubble field, quantified displacement effects of mouldboard ploughing. The field studies were located 12 km South of Evora, Portugal. Soil displacement or translocation after each tillage operation in both studies was measured using aluminium cubes with a side length of 15 mm as 'tracers'. Offset angles for the harrow disk were 20degrees, 44degrees and 59degrees; tractor velocities ranged from 1.9 to 7.0 km h(-1) and tillage depth ranged from 4 to I I cm. The depth of mouldboard ploughing was approximately 40 cm with a wheel speed of 3.7 km h(-1). The translocation coefficients for the two implements were very different averaging 770 kg m(-1) for the mouldboard plough and ranging from 9 to 333 kg m(-1) for the harrow disk. This shows that the mouldboard plough was more erosive than the harrow disk in these studies. All three variables (soil condition, opening angle, and tillage velocity) were critical factors affecting the translocation coefficient for the harrow disk. Displacement distances were the largest for compacted soils (stubble field), with higher opening or offset angles, and at higher velocities. The results also showed significant correlation for (a) mean soil displacement in the direction of tillage and the slope gradient and (b) soil transport coefficient and the opening angle. Our results can be used to predict the transport coefficient (a potential soil quality indicator for tillage erosion) for the harrow disk, provided tillage depth, opening angle, and tool operating speed are known. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Evora, Dept Engn Rural, P-7002554 Evora, Portugal. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP da Silva, JM (reprint author), Univ Evora, Dept Engn Rural, POB 94, P-7002554 Evora, Portugal. EM jmsilva@uevora.pt OI Marques da Silva, Jose Rafael/0000-0003-0305-8147 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 78 IS 2 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.02.009 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 840FU UT WOS:000222843400008 ER PT J AU Moorman, TB Cambardella, CA James, DE Karlen, DL Kramer, LA AF Moorman, TB Cambardella, CA James, DE Karlen, DL Kramer, LA TI Quantification of tillage and landscape effects on soil carbon in small Iowa watersheds SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ridge-till; erosion; organic matter; soil carbon; terrain analysis; wetness index; loess; Iowa ID DEEP-LOESS SOILS; SCALE; QUALITY; CULTIVATION; PREDICTION; INDICATORS; REGION AB Knowledge of the long-term effects of tillage on soil organic carbon is important to our understanding of sustainable agricultural systems and global carbon cycles. In landscapes susceptible to erosion, tillage can exacerbate losses of soil and C by increasing erodibility and stimulating microbial respiration. We measured long-term changes in soil carbon and soil loss in three small watersheds located in southwest Iowa, USA. The following soil series were formed on deep loess hills: Ida and Dow (Typic Udorthents), Napier and Kennebec (Cumulic Hapludolls) and Monona (Typic Hapludolls). All watersheds were cropped to continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and two were moldboard plowed and disk tilled while the third was ridge-tilled. The ridge-tillage system had greater C contents in the surface soil than the disk tillage soils, but ridge-tillage was not different from the conventional tillage in carbon retention over time. The ridge-tillage system, however, was more effective in retaining soil within the watershed. Microbial respiration by soil microorganisms accounted for 97% of the carbon loss in the ridge-tilled watershed compared to carbon loss in eroded sediment (3%). Terrain analysis was used to segment the landscape into landform elements. Less total carbon was present in the soil profiles of backslope elements than in footslope or toeslope elements, reflecting the combined effects of soil erosion and deposition within the watersheds. Profile C content was also positively correlated with the wetness index, a compound topographic attribute, that identifies areas of the landscape where runoff water and sediment accumulate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Moorman, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM moorman@nsti.gov NR 29 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 78 IS 2 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.02.014 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 840FU UT WOS:000222843400010 ER PT J AU Cambardella, CA Moorman, TB Andrews, SS Karlen, DL AF Cambardella, CA Moorman, TB Andrews, SS Karlen, DL TI Watershed-scale assessment of soil quality in the loess hills of southwest Iowa SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil quality; ridge-till; terrain analysis; soil quality index; watershed ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON; DIRECT EXTRACTION METHOD; ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; TILLAGE; AGROECOSYSTEMS; CULTIVATION; RANGELAND; SYSTEMS AB Soil quality is a concept that integrates soil biological, chemical and physical factors into a framework for soil resource evaluation. Conventional tillage practices can result in a loss of soil organic matter and decreased soil quality. The potential for soil quality degradation with tillage may vary depending upon landscape position and the spatial distribution of critical soil properties. Information on how to accurately integrate soil spatial information across fields, landscapes and watersheds is lacking in the literature. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of conventional and ridge-tillage on soil quality in three small watersheds at the Deep Loess Research Station near the town of Treynor in southwest Iowa. Soil types included Monona silt loams in summit positions, Ida or Dow silt loams in backslope positions, and Napier or Kennebec silt loams in footslope positions. We removed surface soil cores from transects placed along topographic gradients in each watershed and quantified total soil organic C (SOC), total soil N (TN), particulate organic matter C (POM-C) and N (POM-N), microbial biomass C (MB-C), N mineralization potential (PMIN-N), nitrate N, extractable P and K, pH, water-stable macroaggregates (WSA), and bulk density (131)). We used terrain analysis methods to group the data into landform element classes to evaluate the effect of topographic position on soil quality. Results indicate that soil quality is higher under long-term ridge-tillage compared with conventional tillage. Soil quality differences were consistently documented among the three watersheds by: (1) quantification of soil indicator variables, (2) calculation of soil quality index values, and (3) comparison of indicator variable and index results with independent assessments of soil function endpoints (i.e. sediment loss, water partitioning at the soil surface, and crop yield). Soil quality differences under ridge-till were found specifically for the backslope and shoulder landform elements, suggesting that soil quality increases on these landform elements are responsible for higher watershed-scale soil quality in the ridge-tilled watershed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cambardella, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cambardella@nstl.gov NR 37 TC 41 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 78 IS 2 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.02.015 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 840FU UT WOS:000222843400011 ER PT J AU Miwa, M Aust, WM Burger, JA Patterson, SC Carter, EA AF Miwa, M Aust, WM Burger, JA Patterson, SC Carter, EA TI Wet-weather timber harvesting and site preparation effects on coastal plain sites: A review SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Review DE timber harvesting impacts; site productivity; site preparation ID PINE FOREST SOIL; SLASH PINE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPACTION; GROWTH; BACTERIA; BIOMASS; IMPACT AB Increased interest in sustainable forestry has intensified the need for information on the interactions of forest soils, harvesting methods, site disturbances, and the efficacy of methods for ameliorating disturbances. On wet pine flats, such as those commonly found in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, conditions such as frequent rainfall, low relief and poor internal soil drainage often predispose forest soils to harvest disturbances and potential damage. Typical forest operations use heavy logging equipment, such as rubber-tired feller-bunchers and skidders. During dry soil conditions, these machines cause little soil disturbance, but under moist to saturated conditions, such operations may compact soils and interfere with normal soil drainage. Many studies have been conducted to characterize soil disturbance and site preparation effects on tree seedling survival and growth and to evaluate the amelioration effect of site preparation on disturbed soils. However, results are sometimes contradictory due to site specificity, and results have not been summarized in the context of pine plantation management. This article summarizes previous research results of the wet-weather harvesting and bedding effects on soil properties as related to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) productivity for a variety of Coastal Plain region sites types. C1 Int Paper Co, Bainbridge, GA 31717 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. MeadWestvaco, Forest Sci Lab, Summerville, SC 29483 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Engn Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Miwa, M (reprint author), Int Paper Co, 719 Southland Rd, Bainbridge, GA 31717 USA. EM waust@vt.edu NR 100 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 137 EP 151 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 857MG UT WOS:000224120400003 ER PT J AU Howell, KD Harrington, TB AF Howell, KD Harrington, TB TI Nursery practices influence seedling morphology, field performance, and cost efficiency of containerized cherrybark oak SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE seedling quality; plantation; forest regeneration; benefit-cost ratio AB To quantify effects of nursery practices on seedling cost and performance, cherrybark oaks (Quercus pagoda L.) were grown in three container sizes (170, 650, or 1,250 cm(3)) with or without fertilization and then planted Dec. 1995 at a site near Milledgeville, GA, with or without removal of container soil. Initial size, biomass, and leaf area of seedlings grown in medium and large containers were up to twice those grown in small containers, and they were greater with versus without fertilization. Price efficiency (stem volume divided by estimated nursery price of 1, 000 seedlings) was greatest for medium and large containers with soil removed and hypothetically reused. Differences in stem diameter and height due to container size and fertilization continued to diverge through the fifth year after planting. Fifth-year yield (stem volume X proportionate survival of 1,000 planted seedlings) increased 104, 56, and 31% with increasing container size and with fertilization and soil removal, respectively. Cost efficiency (fifth-year yield divided by costs compounded 5 years at 5% interest) was greatest for medium and large containers with soil removed. Joint comparisons of nursery costs, planting costs, and field performance for different seedling stock types provide an objective approach for prioritizing cultural treatments in forestry. C1 Timberwolf Int Inc, Auburn, GA 30011 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Howell, KD (reprint author), Timberwolf Int Inc, 1539 Oakhill Rd, Auburn, GA 30011 USA. EM timberwolfhowl@msn.com NR 23 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 152 EP 162 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 857MG UT WOS:000224120400004 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, M Matkovic, K Grier, DG Jarabek, EL Berzonsky, WA McMullen, MS Doehlert, DC AF Chakraborty, M Matkovic, K Grier, DG Jarabek, EL Berzonsky, WA McMullen, MS Doehlert, DC TI Physicochemical and functional properties of tetraploid and hexaploid waxy wheat starch SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE waxy wheat; wheat starch; RVA; X-ray diffraction; DSC ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; 3 WX GENES; PASTING PROPERTIES; AMYLOSE CONTENT; MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS; GELATINIZATION; AMYLOPECTIN; QUALITY; RETROGRADATION; CRYSTALLINE AB Waxy wheats possess unique starch functional properties that may be useful in specific end-uses. To assess the physicochemical, thermal, and pasting properties, starches from seven waxy genotypes originating from two wheat classes, tetraploid durum and hexaploid hard red spring (HRS), were evaluated and compared with their counterpart non-waxy wild types. The amylose content ranged from 2.3% to 2.6% in waxy durum lines, compared to 29.2% in normal durum control, and 2.1% to 2.4% in waxy HRS, compared with 26.0% in normal HRS control. Significant differences in the degree of crystallinity were observed between the waxy and control starches, despite similar A-type X-ray patterns, although differences between the two wheat classes were non-significant. Both, control and waxy starches displayed an X-ray peak corresponding to the amylose-lipid complex, but the intensity of the peak was markedly lower in the waxy starches. The waxy durum starches exhibited the highest transition temperatures as measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), whereas, the enthalpy of gelatinization of most waxy genotypes was statistically higher than that of the controls. All waxy starches displayed high peak viscosity, high breakdown, and low setback profile as measured by the Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA). Texture analysis of RVA gels revealed significant differences between waxy and non-waxy wheats, as well as between waxy tetraploid and hexaploid wheats, confirming that the nature and class of wheat starch would play a significant role when using waxy wheat blends in different wheat-based products. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Chakraborty, M (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Monisha.Chakraborty@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 33 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD AUG PY 2004 VL 56 IS 8 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1002/star.200300250 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 848FE UT WOS:000223452100001 ER PT J AU Yin, TM DiFazio, SP Gunter, LE Riemenschneider, D Tuskan, GA AF Yin, TM DiFazio, SP Gunter, LE Riemenschneider, D Tuskan, GA TI Large-scale heterospecific segregation distortion in Populus revealed by a dense genetic map SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; WOOD PROPERTY TRAITS; FULL-SIB FAMILY; LINKAGE MAPS; RAPD MARKERS; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; GENOME LENGTH; FOREST TREE; SUPPRESSED RECOMBINATION AB We report the most complete genetic map to have been constructed for the genus Populus. This map includes 544 markers mapped onto 19 linkage groups, equivalent to the Populus chromosome number, with all markers displaying internally consistent linkage patterns. We estimate the genome length to be between 2,300 and 2,500 cM, based both on the observed number of crossovers in the maternal haplotypes, as well as the total observed map length. Genome coverage was estimated to be greater than 99.9% at 20 cM per marker. We did not detect obvious recombination repression in the maternal tree (a hybrid of Populus trichocarpa Hooker x P. deltoides Marsh.) compared to the paternal tree (pure P. deltoides). Finally, most markers exhibiting segregation distortion were derived from the donor parent in this backcross, and generally occurred in large contiguous blocks on two linkage groups. We hypothesize that divergent selection has occurred on chromosomal scales among the parental species used to create this pedigree, and explore the evolutionary implications of this observation. This genetic linkage map provides the most comprehensive view of the Populus genome reported to date and will prove invaluable for future inquiries into the structural and functional genomics, evolutionary biology, and genetic improvement of this ecologically important model species. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Nanjing Forestry Univ, State Forestry Adm, Key Lab Forest Tree Genet Engn, Nanjing 210037, JS, Peoples R China. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP DiFazio, SP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM difazios@ornl.gov RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Gunter, Lee/L-3480-2016 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Gunter, Lee/0000-0003-1211-7532 NR 85 TC 99 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 109 IS 3 BP 451 EP 463 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1653-5 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 843PW UT WOS:000223097700001 PM 15168022 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Faris, JD AF Friesen, TL Faris, JD TI Molecular mapping of resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 5 and sensitivity to Ptr ToxB in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-INDUCING TOXIN; POWDERY MILDEW FUNGUS; TAN SPOT; OXALATE OXIDASE; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; GENETIC MAPS; CAUSAL AGENT; DURUM-WHEAT; INHERITANCE; CHLOROSIS AB Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat growing areas of the world. Multiple races of the pathogen have been characterized based on their ability to cause necrosis and/or chlorosis in differential wheat lines. Isolates of race 5 cause chlorosis only, and they produce a host-selective toxin designated Ptr ToxB that induces chlorosis when infiltrated into sensitive genotypes. The international Triticeae mapping initiative (ITMI) mapping population was used to identify genomic regions harboring QTLs for resistance to fungal inoculations of Ptr race 5 and to determine the chromosomal location of the gene conditioning sensitivity to Ptr ToxB. The toxin-insensitivity gene, which we are designating tsc2, mapped to the distal tip of the short arm of chromosome 2B. This gene was responsible for the effects of a major QTL associated with resistance to the race 5 fungus and accounted for 69% of the phenotypic variation. Additional minor QTLs were identified on the short arm of 2A, the long arm of 4A, and on the long arm of chromosome 2B. Together, the major QTL on 2BS identified by tsc2 and the QTL on 4AL explained 73% of the total phenotypic variation for resistance to Ptr race 5. The results of this research indicate that Ptr ToxB is a major virulence factor, and the markers closely linked to tsc2 and the 4A QTL should be useful for introgression of resistance into adapted germplasm. C1 ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM friesent@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 109 IS 3 BP 464 EP 471 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1678-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 843PW UT WOS:000223097700002 PM 15292990 ER PT J AU Borrone, JW Kuhn, DN Schnell, RJ AF Borrone, JW Kuhn, DN Schnell, RJ TI Isolation, characterization, and development of WRKY genes as useful genetic markers in Theobroma cacao SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; DNA-BINDING; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; PHYTOPHTHORA-PALMIVORA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EXPRESSION PROFILES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; RESPONSIVE GENES AB There is currently an international effort in improving disease resistance and crop yield in Theobroma cacao L., an economically important crop of the tropics, using marker-assisted selection for breeding. We are developing molecular genetic markers focusing upon gene families involved with disease resistance. One such family is the WRKY proteins, which are plant-specific transcriptional factors associated with regulating defense responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Degenerate PCR primers were designed to the highly conserved DNA-binding domain and other conserved motifs of group I and group II, subgroups a-c, WRKY genes. Sixteen individual WRKY fragments were isolated from a mixture of T. cacao DNA using one pair of primers. Of the 16 WRKY loci investigated, seven contained single nucleotide polymorphisms within the intron as detected by sequence comparison of the PCR products. Four of these were successfully converted into molecular markers and mapped in an F(2) population by capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. This is the first report of a pair of degenerate primers amplifying WRKY loci directly from genomic DNA and demonstrates a simple method for developing useful genetic markers from members of a large gene family. C1 ARS, USDA, Subtrop Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM rschnell@ars-grin.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R25GM61347] NR 61 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 109 IS 3 BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1662-4 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 843PW UT WOS:000223097700006 PM 15148571 ER PT J AU Hyten, DL Pantalone, VR Sams, CE Saxton, AM Landau-Ellis, D Stefaniak, TR Schmidt, ME AF Hyten, DL Pantalone, VR Sams, CE Saxton, AM Landau-Ellis, D Stefaniak, TR Schmidt, ME TI Seed quality QTL in a prominent soybean population SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; OIL CONTENT; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; PROTEIN; MARKERS; REGISTRATION; LOCATIONS; LINKAGE; WEIGHT; LINES AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a versatile crop due to its multitude of uses as a high protein meal and vegetable oil. Soybean seed traits such as seed protein and oil concentration and seed size are important quantitative traits. The objective of this study was to identify representative protein, oil, and seed size quantitative trait loci (QTL) in soybean. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 131 F-6-derived lines was created from two prominent ancestors of North American soybeans ('Essex' and 'Williams') and the RILs were grown in six environments. One hundred simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers spaced throughout the genome were mapped in this population. There were a total of four protein, six oil, and seven seed size QTL found in this population. The QTL found in this study may assist breeders in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to retain current positive QTL in modern soybeans while simultaneously pyramiding additional QTL from new germplasm. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Hyten, DL (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, PSI, Bldg 006,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hytend@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389 NR 28 TC 106 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 109 IS 3 BP 552 EP 561 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1661-5 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 843PW UT WOS:000223097700012 PM 15221142 ER PT J AU Tarter, JA Goodman, MM Holland, JB AF Tarter, JA Goodman, MM Holland, JB TI Recovery of exotic alleles in semiexotic maize inbreds derived from crosses between Latin American accessions and a temperate line SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PLANT HEIGHT; GERMPLASM; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; MARKERS AB Genetic diversity of elite maize germplasm in the United States is narrow relative to the species worldwide. Tropical maize represents the most diverse source of germplasm. To incorporate germplasm from tropical maize landraces into the temperate gene pool, 23 Latin American maize accessions were crossed to temperate inbred line Mo44. During inbred line development, selection was practiced in temperate environments, potentially resulting in the loss of substantial proportions of tropical alleles. Genotyping 161 semiexotic inbreds at 51 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci permitted the classification of their alleles as either Mo44 or tropical and allowed estimation of the proportion of detectable tropical alleles retained in these lines. On average, the percentage of detectable tropical alleles ranged among lines from 15% to 56%, with a mean of 31%. These are conservative, lower-bound estimates of the proportion of tropical germplasm within lines, because it is not known how frequently Mo44 and the tropical maize accession parental populations shared SSR alleles. These results suggest that substantial proportions of exotic germplasm were recovered in the semiexotic lines, despite their selection in temperate environments. The percent of tropical germplasm in semiexotic lines was not correlated to grain yield or moisture of lines testcrossed to a Corn Belt Dent tester, indicating that the incorporation of a substantial percentage of tropical germplasm in an inbred line does not necessarily negatively impact its combining ability. Thus, tropical maize accessions represent a good source of exotic germplasm to broaden the genetic base of temperate maize without hindering agronomic performance. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Tarter, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jatarter@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 109 IS 3 BP 609 EP 617 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1660-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 843PW UT WOS:000223097700018 PM 15094994 ER PT J AU Aluko, G Martinez, C Tohme, J Castano, C Bergman, C Oard, JH AF Aluko, G Martinez, C Tohme, J Castano, C Bergman, C Oard, JH TI QTL mapping of grain quality traits from the interspecific cross Oryza sativa x O-glaberrima SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ELITE RICE HYBRID; BACKCROSS POPULATION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; AMYLOSE CONTENT; SHANYOU 63; LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; RUFIPOGON; MAP; L. AB International rice export markets are increasing demands for rapid improvements in grain quality characteristics. The African rice Oryza glaberrima is a new potential source of genes that will enhance the eating, cooking, and milling properties of the rice grain. The objective of this research was to identify and characterize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) among 312 doubled haploid lines derived from the BC3F1 of an interspecific cross of O. sativa x O. glaberrima. Genetic material was planted in replicated plots and evaluated for ten grain quality traits in 2001 in Colombia. A linkage map was constructed with 100 polymorphic microsatellite markers using the mapdisto software program to adjust for segregation distortion. Transgressive segregation was observed for all traits. Interval and composite interval analyses identified 27 QTLs for nine characters located on 11/12 chromosomes. The chromosomal positions of QTLs for percentage amylose, alkali-spreading score, and percentage protein were in agreement with data reported by others, whereas QTL markers for percentage head rice, percentage milled rice, percentage protein, and percentage brown rice were different in our mapping population. Five major QTLs were found to be associated with improved percentage rice bran, percentage amylose, and alkali-spreading score. Seven QTLs for improved percentage rice bran, percentage milled rice, alkali-spreading score, percentage protein, and grain length/width ratio were derived from the O. glaberrima accession. Three new QTLs for percentage rice bran are reported here for the first time. Results from this study suggest that the African rice might be a valuable new source for introgression and improvement of several traits that affect quality traits demanded by the different rice export markets. C1 Louisiana State Univ, LSU AgCtr, Dept Agron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali, Colombia. ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Oard, JH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, LSU AgCtr, Dept Agron, 104 Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM joard@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 51 TC 139 Z9 171 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 109 IS 3 BP 630 EP 639 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1668-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 843PW UT WOS:000223097700020 PM 15105992 ER PT J AU Gu, YQ Crossman, C Kong, XY Luo, MC You, FM Coleman-Derr, D Dubcovsky, J Anderson, OD AF Gu, YQ Crossman, C Kong, XY Luo, MC You, FM Coleman-Derr, D Dubcovsky, J Anderson, OD TI Genomic organization of the complex alpha-gliadin gene loci in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; REPETITIVE ELEMENTS; STORAGE PROTEINS; GRAIN PROTEIN; MAIZE GENOME; BREAD WHEAT; BAC LIBRARY; EVOLUTION; DNA AB To better understand the molecular evolution of the large alpha-gliadin gene family, a half-million bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library clones from tetraploid durum wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (2n=4x=28, genome AB), were screened for large genomic segments carrying the alpha-gliadin genes of the Gli-2 loci on the group 6 homoeologous chromosomes. The resulting 220 positive BAC clones-each containing between one and four copies of alpha-gliadin sequences-were fingerprinted for contig assembly to produce contiguous chromosomal regions covering the Gli-2 loci. While contigs consisting of as many as 21 BAC clones and containing up to 17 alpha-gliadin genes were formed, many BAC clones remained as singletons. The accuracy of the order of BAC clones in the contigs was verified by Southern hybridization analysis of the BAC fingerprints using an alpha-gliadin probe. These results indicate that alpha-gliadin genes are not evenly dispersed in the Gli-2 locus regions. Hybridization of these BACs with probes for long terminal repeat retrotransposons was used to determine the abundance and distribution of repetitive DNA in this region. Sequencing of BAC ends indicated that 70% of the sequences were significantly similar to different classes of retrotransposons, suggesting that these elements are abundant in this region. Several mechanisms underlying the dynamic evolution of the Gli-2 loci are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Germplasm Resources, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gu, YQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ygu@pw.usda.gov RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; NR 42 TC 37 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 109 IS 3 BP 648 EP 657 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1672-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 843PW UT WOS:000223097700022 PM 15103408 ER PT J AU Park, Y Katzir, N Brotman, Y King, J Bertrand, F Havey, M AF Park, Y Katzir, N Brotman, Y King, J Bertrand, F Havey, M TI Comparative mapping of ZYMV resistances in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and melon (Cucumis melo L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-MOSAIC-VIRUS; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; RELATIVE INCIDENCE; GENETIC-MAP; INHERITANCE; MARKERS; CONSTRUCTION; VARIABILITY; CUCURBITS AB Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) routinely causes significant losses in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and melon (Cucumis melo L.). ZYMV resistances from the cucumber population 'TMG1' and the melon plant introduction (PI) 414723 show different modes of inheritance and their genetic relationships are unknown. We used molecular markers tightly linked to ZYMV resistances from cucumber and melon for comparative mapping. A 5-kb genomic region (YCZ-5) cosegregating with the zym locus of cucumber was cloned and sequenced to reveal single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels distinguishing alleles from ZYMV-resistant (TMG1) and susceptible (Straight 8) cucumbers. A low-copy region of the YCZ-5 clone was hybridized to bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones of melon and a 180-kb contig assembled. One end of this melon contig was mapped in cucumber and cosegregated with ZYMV resistance, demonstrating that physically linked regions in melon show genetic linkage in cucumber. However the YCZ-5 region segregated independently of ZYMV resistance loci in two melon families. These results establish that these sources of ZYMV resistances from cucumber TMG1 and melon PI414723 are likely non-syntenic. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crops Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Agr Res Org, Dept Vegetable Crops, Newe Yaar Res Ctr, IL-30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel. Bar Ilan Univ, Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. Seminis Vegetable Seeds, F-30900 Nimes, France. RP Havey, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crops Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu NR 30 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 109 IS 4 BP 707 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1684-y PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 855EW UT WOS:000223957000004 PM 15340688 ER PT J AU Cho, SH Chen, WD Muehlbauer, FJ AF Cho, SH Chen, WD Muehlbauer, FJ TI Pathotype-specific genetic factors in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) for quantitative resistance to ascochyta blight SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TAGGED MICROSATELLITE SITES; FUSARIUM-WILT; INHERITANCE; POPULATIONS; MARKERS; DISEASE; GENOME; MAP AB Ascochyta blight in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a devastating fungal disease caused by the necrotrophic pathogen, Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. To elucidate the genetic mechanism of pathotype-dependent blight resistance in chickpea, F-7-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the intraspecific cross of PI 359075(1) (blight susceptible) x FLIP84-92C(2) (blight resistant) were inoculated with pathotypes I and II of A. rabiei. The pattern of blight resistance in the RIL population varied depending on the pathotype of A. rabiei. Using the same RIL population, an intraspecific genetic linkage map comprising 53 sequence-tagged microsatellite site markers was constructed. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance to pathotype 11 of A. rabiei and two QTLs for resistance to pathotype I were identified on linkage group (LG)4A and LG2+6, respectively. A putative single gene designated as Ar19 (or Ar21d) could explain the majority of quantitative resistance to pathotype I. Ar19 (or Ar21d) appeared to be required for resistance to both pathotypes of A. rabiei, and the additional QTL on LG4A conferred resistance to pathotype 11 of A. rabiei. Further molecular genetic approach is needed to identify individual qualitative blight resistance genes and their interaction for pathotype-dependent blight resistance in chickpea. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Washington State Univ, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM w-chen@wsu.edu; muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 26 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 109 IS 4 BP 733 EP 739 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1693-x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 855EW UT WOS:000223957000007 PM 15146319 ER PT J AU Gao, W Clancy, JA Han, F Jones, BL Budde, A Wesenberg, DM Kleinhofs, A Ullrich, SE AF Gao, W Clancy, JA Han, F Jones, BL Budde, A Wesenberg, DM Kleinhofs, A Ullrich, SE CA No Amer Barley Genome Project TI Fine mapping of a malting-quality QTL complex near the chromosome 4H S telomere in barley SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DORMANCY QTL; GENOME; REGION; GRAIN; TRAIT AB Malting quality has long been an active objective in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding programs. However, it is difficult for breeders to manipulate malting-quality traits because of inheritance complexity and difficulty in evaluation of these quantitative traits. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping provides breeders a promising basis with which to manipulate quantitative trait genes. A malting-quality QTL complex, QTL2, was mapped previously to a 30-cM interval in the short-arm telomere region of barley chromosome 4H in a 'Steptoe'/'Morex' doubled haploid population by the North American Barley Genome Project, using an interval mapping method with a relatively low-resolution genetic map. The QTL2 complex has moderate effects on several malting-quality traits, including malt extract percentage (ME), alpha-amylase activity (AA), diastatic power (DP), malt beta-glucan content (BG), and seed dormancy, which makes it a promising candidate gene source in malting barley-cultivar development. Fine mapping QTL2 is desirable for precisely studying barley malting-quality trait inheritance and for efficiently manipulating QTL2 in breeding. A reciprocal-substitution mapping method was employed to fine map QTL2. Molecular marker-assisted backcrossing was used to facilitate the generation of isolines. Fourteen different types of 'Steptoe' isolines, including regenerated 'Steptoe' and 13 different types of 'Morex' isolines, including regenerated 'Morex', were made within a 41.5-cM interval between MWG634 and BCD265B on chromosome 4H. Duplicates were identified for 12 'Steptoe' and 12 'Morex' isoline types. The isolines together with 'Steptoe' and 'Morex' were grown variously at three locations in 2 years for a total of five field environments. Four malting-quality traits were measured: ME, DP, AA, and BG. Few significant differences were found between duplicate isolines for these traits. A total of 15 putative QTLs were mapped; three for ME, four for DP, six for AA, and two for BG. Background genotype seemed to make a difference in expression/detection of QTLs. Of the 15 QTLs identified, ten were from the 'Morex' and only five from the 'Steptoe' background. By combining the results from different years, field environments, and genetic backgrounds and taking into account overlapping QTL segments, six QTLs can be conservatively estimated: two each for ME and AA and one each for DP and BG with chromosome segments ranging from 0.7 cM to 27.9 cM. A segment of 15.8 cM from the telomere (MWG634-CD0669) includes all or a portion of all QTLs identified. Further study and marker-assisted breeding should focus on this 15.8-cM chromosome region. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ullrich, SE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Ullrich@wsu.edu NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 109 IS 4 BP 750 EP 760 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1688-7 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 855EW UT WOS:000223957000009 PM 15164174 ER PT J AU Nedambale, TL Dinnyes, A Groen, W Dobrinsky, JR Tian, XC Yang, X AF Nedambale, TL Dinnyes, A Groen, W Dobrinsky, JR Tian, XC Yang, X TI Comparison on. in vitro fertilized bovine embryos cultured in KSOM or SOF and cryopreserved by slow freezing or vitrification SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine embryos; KSOM; SOF; vitrification; slow freezing ID SYNTHETIC OVIDUCT FLUID; INNER CELL ALLOCATION; FETAL CALF SERUM; POLYVINYL-ALCOHOL; CATTLE EMBRYOS; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; MOUSE EMBRYOS; VIVO; SURVIVAL; MEDIA AB The objectives of this study were to identify an improved in vitro cell-free embryo culture system and to compare post-warming development of in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos following vitrification versus slow freezing. In Experiment 1, non-selected presumptive zygotes were randomly allocated to four medium treatments without co-culture: (1) SOF + 5% FCS for 9 days; (2) KSOM + 0.1% BSA for 4 days and then KSOM + 1% BSA to Day 9; (3) SOF + 5% FCS for 4 days and then KSOM + 1% BSA to Day 9; and (4) KSOM + 0.1% BSA for 4 days and then SOF + 5% FCS to Day 9. Treatment 4 (sequential KSOM-SOF culture system) improved (P > 0.05) morulae (47%), early blastocysts (26%), Day-7 blastocysts (36%), cell numbers, as well as total hatching rate (79%) compared to KSOM alone (Treatment 2). Embryos cultured in KSOM + BSA alone developed slowly and most of them hatched late on Day 9, compared to other treatments. In Experiment 2, the sequential KSOM-SOF culture system was used and Day-7 blastocysts were subjected to following cryopreservation comparison: (1) vitrification (VS3a, 6.5 M glycerol); or (2) slow freezing (1.36 M glycerol). Warmed embryos were cultured in SOF with 7.5% FCS. Higher embryo development and hatching rates (P < 0.05) were obtained by vitrification at 6 It (71%), 24 h (64%), and 48 h (60%) post-warming compared to slow freezing (48, 40, and 31%, respectively). Following transfer of vitrified embryos to synchronized recipients, a 30% pregnancy rate was obtained. In conclusion, replacing KSOM with SOF after 4 days of culture produced better quality blastocysts. Vitrification using VS3a may be used more effectively to cryopreserve in vitro produced embryos than the conventional slow freezing method. (c) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Ctr Regenerat Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Dept Anim Biol, H-2101 Godollo, Hungary. Transova Genet Advancement Ctr, Hull, IA 51239 USA. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Yang, X (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Ctr Regenerat Biol, 1392 Storrs Rd,U-4233, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM jyang@canr.uconn.edu OI Dinnyes, Andras/0000-0003-3791-2583 NR 51 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 62 IS 3-4 BP 437 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.10.020 PG 13 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 906RE UT WOS:000227659100006 PM 15226000 ER PT J AU Samac, DA Tesfaye, M Dornbusch, M Saruul, P Temple, SJ AF Samac, DA Tesfaye, M Dornbusch, M Saruul, P Temple, SJ TI A comparison of constitutive promoters for expression of transgenes in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; (Medicago sativa); constitutive promoter; endochitinase; (Trichoderma atroviride); lucerne; beta-glucuronidase ID FIGWORT MOSAIC-VIRUS; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; INCREASES RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANTS; ENDOCHITINASE; TOBACCO; OVEREXPRESSION; TOLERANCE; ELEMENTS AB The activity of constitutive promoters was compared in transgenic alfalfa plants using two marker genes. Three promoters, the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus ( CaMV), the cassava vein mosaic virus (CsVMV) promoter, and the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (ScBV) promoter were each fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gusA) gene. The highest GUS enzyme activity was obtained using the CsVMV promoter and all alfalfa cells assayed by in situ staining had high levels of enzyme activity. The 35S promoter was expressed in leaves, roots, and stems at moderate levels, but the promoter was not active in stem pith cells, root cortical cells, or in the symbiotic zones of nodules. The ScBV promoter was active primarily in vascular tissues throughout the plant. In leaves, GUS activity driven by the CsVMV promoter was approximately 24-fold greater than the activity from the 35S promoter and 38-fold greater than the activity from the ScBV promoter. Five promoters, the double 35S promoter, figwort mosaic virus (FMV) promoter, CsVMV promoter, ScBV promoter, and alfalfa small subunit Rubisco (RbcS) promoter were used to control expression of a cDNA from Trichoderma atroviride encoding an endochitinase (ech42). Highest chitinase activity in leaves, roots, and root nodules was obtained in plants containing the CsVMV: ech42 transgene. Plants expressing the endochitinase were challenged with Phoma medicaginis var. medicaginis, the causal agent of spring black stem and leaf spot of alfalfa. Although endochitinase activity in leaves of transgenic plants was 50- to 2650-fold greater than activity in control plants, none of the transgenic plants showed a consistent increase in disease resistance compared to controls. The high constitutive levels of both GUS and endochitinase activity obtained demonstrate that the CsVMV promoter is useful for high-level transgene expression in alfalfa. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dasamac@tc.umn.edu NR 39 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 349 EP 361 DI 10.1023/B:TRAG.0000040022.84253.12 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 850VV UT WOS:000223643400005 PM 15517994 ER PT J AU Bucci, SJ Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Scholz, FG Franco, AC Bustamante, M AF Bucci, SJ Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Scholz, FG Franco, AC Bustamante, M TI Functional convergence in hydraulic architecture and water relations of tropical savanna trees: from leaf to whole plant SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Water Uptake and Transport in Trees held at the 3rd International Canopy Conference CY JUN 23-28, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Queensland Govt, Smithsonian Inst DE cerrado; hydraulic conductivity; sapflow; soil water potential; water transport; wood density ID SAP FLOW; USE EFFICIENCY; WOOD DENSITY; SOIL-WATER; FOREST; TRANSPIRATION; CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPORT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ECOSYSTEM AB Functional convergence in hydraulic architecture and water relations, and potential trade-offs in resource allocation were investigated in six dominant neotropical savanna tree species from central Brazil during the peak of the dry season. Common relationships between wood density and several aspects of plant water relations and hydraulic architecture were observed. All species and individuals shared the same negative exponential relationship between sapwood saturated water content and wood density. Wood density was a good predictor of minimum (midday) leaf water potential and total daily transpiration, both of which decreased linearly with increasing wood density for all individuals and species. With respect to hydraulic architecture, specific and leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity decreased and the leaf:sapwood area ratio increased more than 5-fold as wood density increased from 0.37 to 0.71 g cm(-3) for all individuals and species. Wood density was also a good predictor of the temporal dynamics of water flow in stems, with the time of onset of sap flow in the morning and the maximum sap flow tending to occur progressively earlier in the day as wood density increased. Leaf properties associated with wood density included stomatal conductance, specific leaf area, and osmotic potential at the turgor loss point, which decreased linearly with increasing wood density. Wood density increased linearly with decreasing bulk soil water potential experienced by individual plants during the dry season, suggesting that wood density was greatest in individuals with mostly shallow roots, and therefore limited access to more abundant soil water at greater depths. Despite their taxonomic diversity and large intrapopulation differences in architectural traits, the six co-occurring species and their individuals shared similar functional relationships between all pairs of variables studied. Thus, rather than differing intrinsically in physiological responsiveness, the species and the individuals appeared to have distinct operating ranges along common physiological response curves dictated by plant architectural and structural features. The patterns of water uptake and access to soil water during the dry season appeared to be the main determinant of wood density, which constrained evolutionary options related to plant water economy and hydraulic architecture, leading to functional convergence in the neotropical savanna trees studied. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Func, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Goldstein, G (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Func, Ciudad Univ, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM goldstein@bio.miami.edu RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 38 TC 144 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 55 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 8 BP 891 EP 899 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 842NG UT WOS:000223010500004 PM 15172839 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC James, SA Goldstein, G AF Meinzer, FC James, SA Goldstein, G TI Dynamics of transpiration, sap flow and use of stored water in tropical forest canopy trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Water Uptake and Transport in Trees held at the 3rd International Canopy Conference CY JUN 23-28, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Queensland Govt, Smithsonian Inst DE allometric relationships; hydraulic architecture; hydraulic capacitance; hydraulic resistance; scaling; time constants ID HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRANSPORT; STORAGE; PINE; FLUX; CONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTANCE; PATTERNS; SAPWOOD AB In large trees, the daily onset of transpiration causes water to be withdrawn from internal storage compartments, resulting in lags between changes in transpiration and sap flow at the base of the tree. We measured time courses of sap flow, hydraulic resistance, plant water potential and stomatal resistance in co-occurring tropical forest canopy trees with trunk diameters ranging from 0.34-0.98 m, to determine how total daily water use and daily reliance on stored water scaled with size. We also examined the effects of scale and tree hydraulic properties on apparent time constants for changes in transpiration and water flow in response to fluctuating environmental variables. Time constants for water movement were estimated from whole-tree hydraulic resistance (R) and capacitance (C) using an electric circuit analogy, and from rates of change in water movement through intact trees. Total daily water use and reliance on stored water were strongly correlated with trunk diameter, independent of species. Although total daily withdrawal of water from internal storage increased with tree size, its relative contribution to the daily water budget (similar to 10%) remained constant. Net withdrawal of water from storage ceased when upper branch water potential corresponded to the sapwood water potential (Psi(sw)) at which further withdrawal of water from sapwood would have caused T, to decline precipitously. Stomatal coordination of vapor and liquid phase resistances played a key role in limiting stored water use to a nearly constant fraction of total daily water use. Time constants for changes in transpiration, estimated as the product of whole-tree R and C, were similar among individuals (similar to0.53 h), indicating that R and C co-varied with tree size in an inverse manner. Similarly, time constants estimated from rates of change in crown and basal sap flux were nearly identical among individuals and therefore independent of tree size and species. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific Ctr Mol Biodivers, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI James, Shelley/0000-0003-1105-1850 NR 25 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 23 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 8 BP 901 EP 909 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 842NG UT WOS:000223010500005 PM 15172840 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Bucci, S Goldstein, G Scholz, FG Warren, JM AF Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Bucci, S Goldstein, G Scholz, FG Warren, JM TI Converging patterns of uptake and hydraulic redistribution of soil water in contrasting woody vegetation types SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Water Uptake and Transport in Trees held at the 3rd International Canopy Conference CY JUN 23-28, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Queensland Govt, Smithsonian Inst DE coniferous forest; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; rhizosphere; roots; soil water potential; tropical savanna. ID MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PREDAWN PLANT; REVERSE FLOW; SAP FLOW; ROOTS; TREES; LIFT AB We used concurrent measurements of soil water content and soil water potential (Psi(soil)) to assess the effects of Psi(soil) on uptake and hydraulic redistribution (HR) of soil water by roots during seasonal drought cycles at six sites characterized by differences in the types and amounts of woody vegetation and in climate. The six sites included a semi-arid old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws & C. Laws) forest, a moist old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forest, a 24-year-old Douglas-fir forest and three Brazilian savanna sites differing in tree density. At all of the sites, HR was confined largely to the upper 60 cm of soil. There was a common threshold relationship between the relative magnitude of HR and Psi(soil) among the six study sites. Below a threshold Psi(soil) of about -0.4 MPa, overnight recharge of soil water storage increased sharply, and reached a maximum value of 80-90% over a range of Psi(soil) from similar to -1.2 to -1.5 MPa. Although amounts of water hydraulically redistributed to the upper 60 cm of soil were relatively small (0 to 0.4 min day(-1)), they greatly reduced the rates of seasonal decline in Psi(soil). The effectiveness of HR in delaying soil drying diminished with increasing sapwood area per ground area. The relationship between soil water utilization and Psi(soil) in the 20-60-cm layer was nearly identical for all six sites. Soil water utilization varied with a surrogate measure of rhizosphere conductance in a similar manner at all six sites. The similarities in relationships between Psi(soil) and HR, soil water utilization and relative rhizosphere conductance among the six sites, suggests that, despite probable differences in maximum rooting depth and density, there was a convergence in biophysical controls on soil water utilization and redistribution in the upper soil layers where the density of finer roots is greatest. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NHEERL, US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Func, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 43 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 27 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 8 BP 919 EP 928 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 842NG UT WOS:000223010500007 PM 15172842 ER PT J AU Starr, JL Timlin, DJ AF Starr, JL Timlin, DJ TI Using high-resolution soil moisture data to assess soil water dynamics in the vadose zone SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; CORN; TILLAGE; PROFILE; CITRUS; LAYER; CROP; ROW AB Infiltration and water flow in soils are highly transient processes, but may be estimated from high frequency measurements of soil water content. The objectives of our study were to assess the impact of vadose zone soil water dynamics from real-time and near-continuous water content measurements and to assess the interactive effects of tillage, row position, and season on water infiltration, storage, drainage, and crop water uptake. Multisensor capacitance probes were installed at row and interrow positions at four soil depths in plow tillage ( PT) and no tillage (NT) corn (Zea mays L.) plots, with volumetric water contents values recorded every 10 min for a 30- mo period. Three water parameters ( cumulative water storage, net water storage, and drainage below 55 cm) were grouped for statistical analysis by rainfall amounts and "seasons" of primary periods of groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration. Crop water uptake amounts during extended dry-down periods were also quantified. We found more significant differences between tillage and row position treatments for high rainfalls ( > 17 mm) than for low rainfalls. When significant differences in the three water parameters existed between positions, these were due either to greater values in the row position or smaller values at the traffic interrow position. In general, more water uptake took place under PT than under NT and from row more than interrow or traffic interrow positions. These results show both the value and limitation of near-continuous real-time soil water data for quantifying soil water dynamics in varying management and weather conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Starr, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Qual Lab, Bldg 007,10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM starrj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 926 EP 935 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BB UT WOS:000227469000019 ER PT J AU Williamson, TN Newman, BD Graham, RC Shouse, PJ AF Williamson, TN Newman, BD Graham, RC Shouse, PJ TI Regolith water in zero-order chaparral and perennial grass watersheds four decades after vegetation conversion SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; RECHARGE; MOVEMENT AB In 1960, areas of chaparral were converted to perennial grass after a fire burned most of the San Dimas Experimental Forest in southern California. This conversion provided an opportunity to compare regolith moisture patterns of zero-order watersheds under native chaparral with those under nonnative veldt grass ( Ehrharta calycina Sm.). We collected data as a function of vegetation type and watershed element to test the hypothesis that conversion from chaparral to grass altered water distribution in the vadose zone as a result of changes in the physical environment, including rooting depth and soil horizonation. Patterns in vadose zone water distribution during the dry season, including soil water potential and residual flux, were significantly different in converted areas, reflecting the different rooting habits of the two vegetation types. In chaparral areas, there was no significant change in soil water potential between the surface and the 150-cm depth; soil water potential was consistently below - 1.5 MPa, reflecting the extensive root system. In grass areas, soil water potential was most negative close to the surface, where grass roots were most abundant. Plant available water was present below the 100-cm depth, that recharge to groundwater may occur under grass in average or wetter years. Under both vegetation types, the largest differences in residual water fluxes were near the soil - weathered rock contact. However, there was a significant relation between minor differences in fluxes and soil horizon boundaries, confirming the effects of vegetation conversion on soil properties and vadose zone soil water. C1 Univ Pacific, Dept Geosci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Williamson, TN (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Dept Geosci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. EM twilliam@pacific.edu NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 1007 EP 1016 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BB UT WOS:000227469000027 ER PT J AU Truong, HM Lu, Z Kutish, GF Galeota, J Osorio, FA Pattnaik, AK AF Truong, HM Lu, Z Kutish, GF Galeota, J Osorio, FA Pattnaik, AK TI A highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus generated from an infectious cDNA clone retains the in vivo virulence and transmissibility properties of the parental virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE PRRSV; nucleotide sequence; full-length cDNA; in vitro transcripts; transfection; MARC-145 cells; primer extension; PRRSV pathogenesis ID LELYSTAD-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PREGNANT SOWS; SYNDROME PRRS; PIGS; PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION; ANTIBODIES; ABORTION; VACCINES AB The nucleotide sequence of a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was determined. Transfection of MARC-145 cells with capped in vitro transcripts derived from a full-length cDNA clone of the viral genome resulted in infectious PRRSV with growth characteristics similar to that of the parental virus. Primer extension analysis revealed that during replication, the viral polymerase corrected the two nonviral guanosine residues present at the 5' terminus of the transfected transcripts. Animal studies showed that the cloned virus induced hyperthermia, persistent viremia, and antibody response, similar to that observed with the parental virus. Contact transmission occurred rapidly within 3 days of introduction of naive pigs into the group of clone virus-inoculated pigs. These results suggest that the cloned virus retains the in vivo virulence and contagion properties of the parental virus, thus, providing the background for reverse genetics manipulation in systematic examination of attenuation and virulence phenotypes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Beadle Ctr E126, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Virol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Nebraska, Vet Diagnost Lab, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Pattnaik, AK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Beadle Ctr E126, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM apattnaik2@unl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20RR15635]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34956] NR 43 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 325 IS 2 BP 308 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.046 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 839MX UT WOS:000222790300015 PM 15246270 ER PT J AU Chaouch-Hamada, R Redinbaugh, MG Gingery, RE Willie, K Hogenhout, SA AF Chaouch-Hamada, R Redinbaugh, MG Gingery, RE Willie, K Hogenhout, SA TI Accumulation of Maize chlorotic dwarf virus proteins in its plant host and leafhopper vector SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE MCDV; Waikavirus; Sequiviridae; Cicadellidae; insect; foregut-borne; semi-persistent transmission; heterologous expression; antibody; immunodetection ID MOSAIC-VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; TRANSLATION; STRAINS; MILD; INITIATION; PARTICLES; SYMPTOMS; TOBACCO; WINDOW AB The genome of Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV; genus Waikavirus-l family Sequiviridae) consists of a monopartite positive-sense RNA genome encoding a single large polyprotein. Antibodies were produced to His-fusions of three undefined regions of the MCDV polyprotein: the N-terminus of the polyprotein (R78), a region between coat proteins (CPs) and the nucleotide-binding site (NBS) (R37), and a region between the NBS and a 3C-like protease (R69). The R78 antibodies react with proteins of 50 kDa (P50), 35 kDa (P35), and 25 kDa (P25) in virus preparations, and with P35 in plant extracts. In extracts of the leafhopper vector Graminella nigrifrons fed on MCDV-infected plants, the R78 antibodies reacted with P25 but not with P50 and P35. The R69 antibodies bound proteins of approximately 36 kDa (P36), 30 kDa (P30), and 26 kDa (P26) in virus preparations, and P36 and P26 in plant extracts. Antibodies to R37 reacted with a 26-kDa protein in purified virus preparations, but not in plant extracts. Neither the R69 nor the R37 antibodies bound any proteins in G. nigrifrons. Thus, in addition to the three CPs, cysteine protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the MCDV polyprotein is apparently post-transitionally cleaved into P50, P35, P25, P36, P30, and P26. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Hogenhout, SA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM hogenhout.1@osu.edu RI Hogenhout, Saskia/D-9266-2012; Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 325 IS 2 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.039 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 839MX UT WOS:000222790300021 PM 15246276 ER PT J AU Wise, MG Sellers, HS Alvarez, R Seal, BS AF Wise, MG Sellers, HS Alvarez, R Seal, BS TI RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene analysis of worldwide Newcastle disease virus isolates representing different virulence types and their phylogenetic relationship with other members of the paramyxoviridae SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE avian paramyxovirus; RNA polymerase; nucleotide sequence analysis ID PROTEIN UNCOUPLE TRANSCRIPTION; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LARGE L SUBUNIT; SENDAI-VIRUS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PHOSPHOPROTEIN-P; CLONED CDNA; N-TERMINUS; DOMAIN-I; MUTATIONS AB Nucleotide sequence was determined for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) gene of 16 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from diverse geographic and chronological origins. The observed consensus amino acid sequence conformed to the six domains previously identified among paramyxovirus L proteins, and the putative (749)QGDNQ(753) active site was strictly conserved among all isolates. Analysis of predicted amino acid sequences allowed us to identify a sequencing error in the previously reported L genes for NDV. The correct sequences reported herein provided a more accurate alignment with predicted L-amino acid sequences of other paramyxoviruses. Comparison of L gene coding sequences among isolates revealed that synonymous substitutions dominated non-synonymous substitutions, as observed previously with other NDV genes. However, the overall substitution rate was lower than other genes examined making the L gene the most conserved of the NDV genome. Phylogenetic analysis of L genes among NDV isolates was consistent with previous results that suggested the existence of two major lineages. One group contained strains isolated in North America prior to 1970 and included virulent and vaccine strains, while the second group included virulent viruses isolated worldwide. A comparison of the NDV L coding sequences to other Paramyxoviridae illustrated the unique Clustering of the avian-specific paramyxoviruses, further justifying the newly created Avulavirus genus. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sellers, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bseal@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 104 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.01.034 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 830ZH UT WOS:000222162200009 PM 15177894 ER PT J AU Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ Perez, JM AF Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ Perez, JM TI Tribological studies of thermally and chemically modified vegetable oils for use as environmentally friendly lubricants SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE soybean oil; tribolog boundary lubrication; chemical modification; SEM; antiwear film ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; FRICTION AB Boundary lubrication in a dynamic mechanical system is primarily governed by the formation of a stable tribochemical film. Polar functional groups in the triacylglycerol molecule of vegetable oil in conjunction with oil-additive-metal interaction during the metal rubbing process can significantly improve the wear resistance and extreme-pressure lubrication. Increasing the polar functionality of vegetable oil structure has a positive impact on wear protection resulting from stronger adsorption on metal surface as well as greater lateral interaction between the ester chains. The results reveal that ester groups of triacylglycerol molecule react with phosphate groups to form a protective fatty-phosphite layer. Antimony impregnation into the metal surface following strong complexation reaction with metal sulfide results in significant improvement in extreme-pressure characteristics due to alteration in surface metallurgy. In this case, seizure is averted even when the fluid adsorbed layer and phosphite coating is removed because of antimony induced surface hardness. The difference can be observed by analyzing the metal surface using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Selected bio fluids viz. soybean oil (SBO), thermally modified soybean oil (TMSBO) and chemically modified soybean oil (CMSBO) were investigated for potential application as industrial fluids. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD AUG PY 2004 VL 257 IS 3-4 BP 359 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2004.01.005 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 840LE UT WOS:000222859300015 ER PT J AU Wang, QW Li, J Winandy, JE AF Wang, QW Li, J Winandy, JE TI Chemical mechanism of fire retardance of boric acid on wood SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB It is commonly accepted that the fire retardant mechanism of boric acid is a physical mechanism achieved by the formation of a coating or protective layer on the wood surface at high temperature. Although a char-forming catalytic mechanism has been proposed by some researchers, little direct experimental support has been provided for such a chemical mechanism. In this paper, new experimental results using thermal analysis, cone calorimetry (CONE), and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC-FTIR) analysis are presented and the fire retardant mechanism of boric acid on wood is discussed. Basswood was treated with boric acid, guanylurea phosphate (GUP), and GUP-boric acid. Treated wood was then analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), CONE, and GC-FTIR analysis. Thermogravimetry showed that the weight loss of basswood treated with boric acid was about three times that of untreated or GUP-treated wood at 165degreesC, a temperature at which GUP is stable. The DTA curve showed that boric acid treated basswood has an exothermal peak at 420degreesC, indicating the exothermal polymerization reaction of charring. CONE results showed that boric acid and GUP had a considerable synergistic fire retardant effect on wood. The GC-FTIR spectra indicated that compounds generated by boric acid treated wood are different than those generated by untreated wood. We conclude that boric acid catalyzes the dehydration and other oxygen-eliminating reactions of wood at a relatively low temperature (approximately 100-300degreesC) and may catalyze the isomerization of the newly formed polymeric materials by forming aromatic structures. This contributes partly to the effects of boric acid on promoting the charring and fire retardation of wood. The mechanism of the strong fire retardant synergism between boric acid and GUP is due to the different fire retardant mechanisms of boric acid and GUP and the different activation temperatures of these two chemicals. C1 NE Forestry Univ, Res Inst Wood Sci & Technol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Wang, QW (reprint author), NE Forestry Univ, Res Inst Wood Sci & Technol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. EM qwwang@public.hr.hl.cn NR 16 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 38 IS 5 BP 375 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s00226-004-0246-4 PG 15 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 845SO UT WOS:000223264800005 ER PT J AU Koskinen, H Pehkonen, P Vehniainen, E Krasnov, A Rexroad, C Afanasyev, S Molsa, H Oikari, A AF Koskinen, H Pehkonen, P Vehniainen, E Krasnov, A Rexroad, C Afanasyev, S Molsa, H Oikari, A TI Response of rainbow trout transcriptome to model chemical contaminants SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE rainbow trout; microarray; gene ontology; aquatic toxicity; chemical contaminant ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY DATA; SEARCH AB We used high-density cDNA microarray in studies of responses of rainbow trout fry at sublethal ranges of beta-naphthoflavone, cadmium, carbon tetrachloride, and pyrene. The differentially expressed genes were grouped by the functional categories of Gene Ontology. Significantly different response to the studied compounds was shown by a number of classes, such as cell cycle, apoptosis, signal transduction, oxidative stress, subcellular and extracellular structures, protein biosynthesis, and modification. Cluster analysis separated responses to the contaminants at low and medium doses, whereas at high levels the adaptive reactions were masked with general unspecific response to toxicity. We found enhanced expression of many mitochondrial proteins as well as genes involved in metabolism of metal ions and protein biosynthesis. In parallel, genes related to stress and immune response, signal transduction, and nucleotide metabolism were down-regulated. We performed computer-assisted analyses of Medline abstracts retrieved for each compound, which helped us to indicate the expected and novel findings. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kuopio, Inst Appl Biotechnol, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Univ Jyvaskyla, Div Environm Sci, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. IM Sechenov Evolutionary Physiol & Biochem Inst, St Petersburg 194223, Russia. RP Krasnov, A (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Inst Appl Biotechnol, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. EM krasnov@uku.fi RI Krasnov, Aleksei/D-3065-2012; Afanasyev, Sergey/K-9309-2015 OI Afanasyev, Sergey/0000-0002-8393-820X NR 20 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 30 PY 2004 VL 320 IS 3 BP 745 EP 753 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.024 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 838OR UT WOS:000222723200018 PM 15240111 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Vallet, JL Nonneman, D Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Vallet, JL Nonneman, D Christenson, RK TI Molecular cloning and endometrial expression of porcine high density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cDNA; endometrium; gene expression; mapping; mRNA ID SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; HDL; GENE; RAT; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; MEMBRANES; SEQUENCE; PLACENTA; BINDING AB During rapid development of the fetus, levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) are elevated in pregnant women. The receptor for HDL, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), mediates selective cholesteryl ester uptake and is highly expressed in the human placenta. Because of the rapid growth of uterus during early pregnancy and differences in placentation between swine and humans, we hypothesized that SR-BI may be expressed in porcine endometrium to take up HDL cholesterol. The objectives of this study were to obtain the full coding region for porcine SR-BI, determine endometrial expression of SR-BI mRNA during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy, and map the gene. By iterative screening of a porcine expressed sequence tag library, we obtained the full coding region of SR-BI. Endometrial expression of SR-BI in White composite gilts (n = 3-4 each) was determined by Northern blotting on Days 10, 13, and 15 cyclic gilts and Days 10, 13, 15, 20, 30. and 40 pregnant gilts. In cyclic gilts, endometrial ex ression of SR-BI did not change between Days 10 and 13, but increased (P < 0.01) between Days 13 and 15. In pregnant gilts, endometrial expression of SR-BI increased (P < 0.01) between Days 10 and 13, remained elevated until Day 30, and decreased (P = 0.015) on Day 40. The SR-BI gene was mapped to 46.3 cM on chromosome 14. These results show that endometrial expression of SR-BI changes during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy, and suggest that SR-BI takes up HDL for endometrial development during early pregnancy. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Christenson, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM christenson@email.marc.usda.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD JUL 30 PY 2004 VL 222 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2004.04.008 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 841VR UT WOS:000222960300011 PM 15249130 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Kalt, W Magee, JB Dewey, J Ballington, JR AF Rimando, AM Kalt, W Magee, JB Dewey, J Ballington, JR TI Resveratrol, pterostilbene, and piceatannol in Vaccinium berries SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium; blueberry; cranberry; deerberry; lingonberry; resveratrol; pterostilbene; piceatannol ID VINIFERA CELL-CULTURES; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; VITIS-VINIFERA; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; STILBENE COMPONENTS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; AGENT RESVERATROL; BLUEBERRIES; ALCOHOL; GRAPES AB A study was conducted to determine the presence of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and piceatannol in Vaccinium berries. Samples representing selections and cultivars of 10 species from Mississippi, North Carolina, Oregon, and Canada were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Resveratrol was found in Vaccinium angustifolium (lowbush blueberry), Vaccinium arboretum (sparkleberry), Vaccinium ashei (rabbiteye blueberry), Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry), Vaccinium elliottii (Elliott's blueberry), Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry), Vaccinium stamineum (deerberry), Vaccinium vitis-ideae var. vitis-ideae (lingonberry), and Vaccinium vitis-ideae var. minor (partridgeberry) at levels between 7 and 5884 ng/g dry sample. Lingonberry was found to have the highest content, 5884 ng/g dry sample, comparable to that found in grapes, 6471 ng/g dry sample. Pterostilbene was found in two cultivars of V. ashei and in V. stamineum at levels of 99-520 ng/g dry sample. Piceatannol was found in V. corymbosum and V stamineum at levels of 138-422 ng/g dry sample. These naturally occurring stilbenes, known to be strong antioxidants and to have cancer chemopreventive activities, will add to the purported health benefits derived from the consumption of these small fruits. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Oregon Freeze Dry Inc, Albany, OR 97321 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rimando, AM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM arimando@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 255 Z9 263 U1 9 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 15 BP 4713 EP 4719 DI 10.1021/jf040095e PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 840NO UT WOS:000222866000018 PM 15264904 ER PT J AU Bawadi, HA Antunes, TM Shih, F Losso, JN AF Bawadi, HA Antunes, TM Shih, F Losso, JN TI In vitro inhibition of the activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 1 (Pro-MMP-1) and pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Pro-MMP-9) by rice and soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metalloproteinase 1; metalloproteinase 9; Bowman-Birk inhibitor; angiogenesis; functional food ingredient ID PROTEASE INHIBITOR; CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENTS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; FUNCTIONAL FOODS; ANGIOGENESIS; CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS; MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE-9; MECHANISM; GROWTH AB The in vitro inhibitory activity of the rice Bowman-Birk inhibitor (rBBI) or soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor (sBBI) against trypsin-catalyzed activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 1 or 9 (pro-MMP-1 or pro-MMP-9), respectively, was investigated using electrophoresis with silver staining, heparin-enhanced zymography, biotinylated gelatin, Biotrak assay, and fluorescence quenched substrate hydrolysis. rBBI at concentrations of 0.08-0.352 mg/mL dose-dependently inhibited the in vitro activation of 45 mug/mL pro-MMP-1 by trypsin. Heparin-enhanced zymography analysis of pro-MMP-1, trypsin-activated MMP-1, and a mixture of pro-MMP-1 -trypsin-rBBI showed clear zones associated with trypsin-activated MMP-1 and the absence of clear zones in lanes containing pro-MMP-1 or a mixture of pro-MMP-1, trypsin, and rBBI. The results of the Biotrak assay also indicated that rBBI dose-dependently suppressed the activation of pro-MMP-1 by trypsin. sBBI dose-dependently inhibited the activation of 100 mug/mL of pro-MMP-9 by trypsin. Biotinylated gelatin assays demonstrated that pro-MMP-9 or pro-MMP-9 in the presence of trypsin and BBI did not hydrolyze gelatin, whereas p-aminophenylmercury acetate (APMA)-activated MMP-9 and trypsin-activated MMP-9 caused significant hydrolysis of gelatin. Quenched fluorescence substrate hydrolysis for total MMP activity showed that pro-MMP-1 or pro-MMP-9 did not hydrolyze the substrate Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2; active MMP-1 or MMP-9 hydrolyzed the substrate, but lower substrate hydrolysis was obtained when pro-MMP-1 or pro-MMP-9 was incubated with trypsin in the presence of increasing concentrations of rBBI. The results are discussed in light of the role of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in the process of angiogenesis and the potential of rBBI or sBBI as a functional food ingredient. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Losso, JN (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jlosso@lsu.edu NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 15 BP 4730 EP 4736 DI 10.1021/jf034576u PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 840NO UT WOS:000222866000021 PM 15264907 ER PT J AU Miller, EG Porter, JL Binnie, WH Guo, IY Hasegawa, S AF Miller, EG Porter, JL Binnie, WH Guo, IY Hasegawa, S TI Further studies on the anticancer activity of citrus limonoids SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE limonoids; oral carcinogenesis; citrus; anticancer activity ID BUCCAL POUCH CARCINOGENESIS; LIMONIN 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; GLUCOSIDES; BIOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION; NOMILIN; FRUIT; CONSTITUENTS; BITTERNESS AB Research in this laboratory has shown that some citrus limonoids can inhibit the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced oral tumors. The data from these studies have suggested that certain rings in the limonoid nucleus may be critical to antineoplastic activity. Using the hamster cheek pouch model, three new limonoids (ichangensin, deoxylimonin, and obacunone) have now been tested for cancer chemopreventive activity. In the first experiment, it was found that the treatments with ichangensin had no effect on tumor number or burden. In the second experiment, obacunone reduced tumor number and burden by 25 and 40%, respectively, whereas deoxylimonin reduced tumor number and burden by 30 and 50%, respectively. The results with deoxylimonin were significant, p < 0.05. Overall, the data indicated that changes in the A ring of the limonoid nucleus can lead to a loss of anticancer activity, whereas changes in the D ring can be tolerated without any apparent loss of biological activity. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Hlth Sci Ctr, Baylor Coll Dent, Dept Biomed Sci, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Miller, EG (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Hlth Sci Ctr, Baylor Coll Dent, Dept Biomed Sci, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. EM emiller@bcd.tamhsc.edu NR 42 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 15 BP 4908 EP 4912 DI 10.1021/jf049698g PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 840NO UT WOS:000222866000048 PM 15264934 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT Groffman, PA Castro, MS Verchot, LV Fernandez, IJ Adams, MB AF Venterea, RT Groffman, PA Castro, MS Verchot, LV Fernandez, IJ Adams, MB TI Soil emissions of nitric oxide in two forest watersheds subjected to elevated N inputs SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE N deposition; nitrification; ozone; soil acidity ID NITROGEN SATURATION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SOLUTION RESPONSES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WEST-VIRGINIA; N-15 ANALYSIS; DEPOSITION; CARBON; MAINE; NITRIFICATION AB The production of nitric oxide (NO) in forest soils can indicate that the ecosystem is progressing toward a state of nitrogen (N) saturation. Soil NO emissions may also have impacts on local tropospheric ozone (03) levels. During 2000-2001, we made first-time measurements of NO emissions in two paired watershed studies. In each study, one watershed had been amended with aerial applications of 2.5-3.5 g N m(-2) per year above background atmospheric deposition rates since 1989, and an adjacent watershed served as a reference. In plots at the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF) in West Virginia and the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM), NO emissions in N-amended watersheds (0.61-6.8 mug NO-N m(-2) h(-1)) were higher than in the reference watersheds (0.21-1.4 NO-N m(-2) h(-1)). In the N-amended watershed at BBWM, NO fluxes in plots dominated by hardwood species were higher than in plots dominated by softwood species, in contrast to previous studies in other forests. Field NO fluxes were correlated with mineral soil nitrate (NO3-) Concentrations (r(2) = 0.65, P = 0.016) across all plots, suggesting that NO emissions may be a reliable indicator of NO3- leaching potential. Laboratory experiments indicated that nitrification was the dominant source of NO at both sites. At BBWM, increased NO emissions in N-amended soil appeared to result from more rapid nitrification. In contrast, reduced soil pH in N-amended soil at FEF may have caused increased protonation of nitrification-derived nitrite, and the subsequent abiotic formation of NO, even though nitrification rates were not significantly higher than in unamended soil. The results suggest that enhanced soil NO emissions are a characteristic response in forests subjected to elevated N inputs. One possible consequence of higher NO emissions is an increase in O-3-related phytotoxicity. This effect may mitigate the ability of forests to accumulate carbon in response to N inputs or increasing atmospheric CO,. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. Int Ctr Res Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM venterea@umn.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Castro, Mark/J-6529-2015 OI Castro, Mark/0000-0002-4279-8204 NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 26 PY 2004 VL 196 IS 2-3 BP 335 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.028 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 840QW UT WOS:000222875400013 ER PT J AU McNab, WH Greenberg, CH Berg, EC AF McNab, WH Greenberg, CH Berg, EC TI Landscape distribution and characteristics of large hurricane-related canopy gaps in a southern Appalachian watershed SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest disturbance; hurricane; Ripley's K; spatial analysis; treefall; wind; windthrow ID CATASTROPHIC WIND; UNITED-STATES; FOREST; DISTURBANCE; MOUNTAINS; USA; VEGETATION; DAMAGE; PATTERNS; SCALE AB Hurricane-related winds are a major source of disturbance in coastal ecosystems of the southern United States, but their effects on forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains, >400 km inland, have seldom been documented. In October 1995, remnant winds of Hurricane Opal caused windthrow of individual and patches of trees throughout the mountainous region of western North Carolina, USA. The 2-day storm event was accompanied by over 150 mm of precipitation and gusty, predominantly southeasterly winds with peak velocities at low elevations of up to 26 m/s; peak velocities were over 40% greater at high elevations. In a landscape-scale case study.. we spatially located the population of large canopy gaps (groups of greater than or equal to10 windthrown trees) within a 2400 ha watershed to determine frequency of occurrence on basin and highland landscape types, dimensions, association with topographic features, and direction of treefall as a measure of wind vectors. The distribution of large gaps was not random within the watershed and occurred at an average density of I per 39 ha in the basin (elevation <700 m), which is characterized by hills of low relief and soils with high clay content. In comparison, gap density averaged I per 192 ha on the surrounding highlands (elevation >700 m) of high relief and soils with low clay content. Gaps on both landscape types occurred with greater frequency on sites of southeasterly aspect. Sizes of large canopy gaps ranged from 0.1 to 3.9 ha (average 0.7 ha) and were not correlated with landscape type or topography. Gap shape tended to be linear and averaged 2.3 times longer than wide. Direction of mean treefall among gaps was predominantly northwesterly and was strongly associated with aspect on highland, but less so in basin landscape types. Variation in mean treefall direction among gaps suggests that gaps were created by individual gusts of high-velocity, linear winds. A logistic discriminant model based on elevation. azimuth, and slope gradient correctly classified 78% of the study sites. However, gap size and association with topographic features were similar between basin and highland landscapes. Although the southern Appalachian Mountain region is over 400 kin from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, results from our study suggest that strong winds from hurricane remnants can influence forest structure, with greater impacts on basin than highland landscapes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Inst, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP McNab, WH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Inst, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM hmcnab@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 26 PY 2004 VL 196 IS 2-3 BP 435 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.04.004 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 840QW UT WOS:000222875400021 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Congleton, JL AF Welker, TL Congleton, JL TI Oxidative stress in juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; lipid peroxidation; stress response; chinook salmon ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FREE-RADICALS; FOOD LIPIDS; VITAMIN-E; SALAR L; TISSUE; PRODUCTS; DISEASE; ORGANS AB Juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), were held in 8-11degreesC freshwater, starved for 3 days and subjected to a low-water stressor to determine the relationship between the general stress response and oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels (lipid hydroperoxides) were measured in kidney, liver and brain samples taken at the beginning of the experiment (0-h unstressed controls) and at 6, 24 and 48 h after application of a continuous low-water stressor. Tissue samples were also taken at 48 h from fish that had not been exposed to the stressor (48-h unstressed controls). Exposure to the low-water stressor affected LPO in kidney and brain tissues. In kidney, LPO decreased 6 h after imposition of the stressor; similar but less pronounced decreases also occurred in the liver and brain. At 48 h, LPO increased (in comparison with 6-h stressed tissues) in the kidney and brain. In comparison with 48-h unstressed controls, LPO levels were higher in the kidney and brain of stressed fish. Although preliminary, results suggest that stress can cause oxidative tissue damage in juvenile chinook salmon. Measures of oxidative stress have shown similar responses to stress in mammals; however, further research is needed to determine the extent of the stress-oxidative stress relationship and the underlying physiological mechanisms in fish. C1 Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM twelker@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JUL 23 PY 2004 VL 35 IS 9 BP 881 EP 887 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01080.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 833WL UT WOS:000222371400010 ER PT J AU Shelby, RA Schrader, KK Tucker, A Klesius, PH Myers, LJ AF Shelby, RA Schrader, KK Tucker, A Klesius, PH Myers, LJ TI Detection of catfish off-flavour compounds by trained dogs SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE catfish; off-flavour; 2-methylisoborneol; geosmin; canine olfaction ID CYANOBACTERIUM OSCILLATORIA-PERORNATA; GEOSMIN; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL AB Six mixed-breed dogs were trained to detect 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin in laboratory-prepared water. The three dogs most responsive to training were selected for further testing to measure their ability to detect these compounds at levels typical of the early stages of an 'off-flavour' event in catfish pond culture. The dogs were given one out of five choices of off-flavour and 'on-flavour' water samples and were trained to sit at boxes containing off-flavour sample tubes. At the lowest concentration tested, 10 ng L(-1) of the target compound, the mean correct responses for the three dogs were 37%, 43% and 67%. Additional testing was conducted using off-flavour pond water samples containing known amounts of these two compounds that occurred naturally. Correct responses for off-flavour samples varied from 30% to 95%, depending on the sample and the dog. On-flavour samples were correctly identified with 96% accuracy for all dogs and all samples. Dogs may provide practical early detection of off-flavour problems in catfish ponds. C1 Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Myers, LJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, 217 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM Myerslj@auburn.edu NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JUL 23 PY 2004 VL 35 IS 9 BP 888 EP 892 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01081.x PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 833WL UT WOS:000222371400011 ER PT J AU Soja, AJ Cofer, WR Shugart, HH Sukhinin, AI Stackhouse, PW McRae, DJ Conard, SG AF Soja, AJ Cofer, WR Shugart, HH Sukhinin, AI Stackhouse, PW McRae, DJ Conard, SG TI Estimating fire emissions and disparities in boreal Siberia (1998-2002) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE AVHRR; area burned; emissions; boreal Siberia ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; TERRESTRIAL CARBON STORAGE; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; FOREST-FIRES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RUSSIAN FORESTS; BURNED AREA; JACK PINE; WILDFIRE; CANADA AB [ 1] In the biomass, soils, and peatlands of Siberia, boreal Russia holds one of the largest pools of terrestrial carbon. Because Siberia is located where some of the largest temperature increases are expected to occur under current climate change scenarios, stored carbon has the potential to be released with associated changes in fire regimes. Our concentration is on estimating a wide range of current and potential emissions from Siberia on the basis of three modeled scenarios. An area burned product of Siberia is introduced, which spans from 1998 through 2002. Emissions models are spatially explicit; therefore area burned is extracted from associated ecoregions for each year. Carbon consumption estimates are presented for 23 unique ecoregions across Siberia, which range from 3.4 to 75.4 t C ha(-1) for three classes of severity. Total direct carbon emissions range from the traditional scenario estimate of 116 Tg C in 1999 (6.9 M ha burned) to the extreme scenario estimate of 520 Tg C in 2002 (11.2 M ha burned), which are equivalent to 5 and 20%, respectively, of total global carbon emissions from forest and grassland burning. Our results suggest that disparities in the amount of carbon stored in unique ecosystems and the severity of fire events can affect total direct carbon emissions by as much as 50%. Additionally, in extreme fire years, total direct carbon emissions can be 37 - 41% greater than in normal fire years, owing to increased soil organic matter consumption. Mean standard scenario estimates of CO2 ( 555 - 1031 Tg), CO ( 43 - 80 Tg), CH4 (2.4 - 4.5 Tg), TNMHC (2.2 - 4.1 Tg), and carbonaceous aerosols (4.6 - 8.6 Tg) represent 10, 15, 19, 12 and 26%, respectively, of the global estimates from forest and grassland burning. Accounting for smoldering combustion in soils and peatlands results in increases in CO, CH4, and TNMHC and decreases in CO2 emitted from fire events. C1 Terra Syst Res Inc, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Soja, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM a.j.soja@larc.nasa.gov RI Conard, Susan/H-8158-2013; Shugart, Herman/C-5156-2009 NR 126 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 23 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D14 AR D14S06 DI 10.1029/2004JD004570 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 841GB UT WOS:000222916500002 ER PT J AU Guy, JC Hunter, CS Showalter, AD Smith, TPL Charoonpatrapong, K Sloop, KW Bidwell, JP Rhodes, SJ AF Guy, JC Hunter, CS Showalter, AD Smith, TPL Charoonpatrapong, K Sloop, KW Bidwell, JP Rhodes, SJ TI Conserved amino acid sequences confer nuclear localization upon the prophet of Pit-1 pituitary transcription factor protein SO GENE LA English DT Article DE hormone deficiency disease; nuclear matrix; ovine; alleles ID HORMONE DEFICIENCY; MUTATIONS; EXPRESSION; DOMAINS; MATRIX; GENES AB Prophet of Pit-1 (PROP1) is a homeodomain transcription factor essential for development of the mammalian anterior pituitary gland. Studies of human patients and animal models with mutations in their Prop1 genes have established that PROP1 is required for the correct development or sustained function of the hormone-secreting cells that regulate physiological pathways controlling growth, reproduction, metabolism, and the stress response. By comparative analysis of mammalian Prop1 genes and their encoded proteins, including cloning the ovine Prop1 gene and its products, we demonstrate that two conserved basic regions (B1 and B2) of the PROP1 protein located within the homeodomain are required for nuclear localization, DNA binding, and target gene activation. Interestingly, missense mutations in the human Prop1 gene causing amino acid changes in both the B1 and B2 regions have been associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) diseases, suggesting that disruption of nuclear localization may be part of the molecular basis of such diseases. The ovine Prop1 gene has three exons and two introns, a different structure compared with that of the bovine gene. Two alleles of the ovine gene were found to encode protein products with different carboxyl terminal domain sequences. We demonstrate that the two alleles are distributed in different breeds of sheep. Finally, we show for the first time that the PROP1 protein is associated with the nuclear matrix. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Endocrine Discovery, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Rhodes, SJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM srhodes@iupui.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [P01 AR45218]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD42024]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK53769] NR 30 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JUL 21 PY 2004 VL 336 IS 2 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2004.04.022 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 842WB UT WOS:000223034100012 PM 15246537 ER PT J AU Adam, M Pahlow, M Kovalev, VA Ondov, JM Parlange, MB Nair, N AF Adam, M Pahlow, M Kovalev, VA Ondov, JM Parlange, MB Nair, N TI Aerosol optical characterization by nephelometer and lidar: The Baltimore Supersite experiment during the Canadian forest fire smoke intrusion SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE lidar; nephelometer; extinction; scattering; mass scattering; Supersite ID RAMAN-LIDAR; EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; IN-SITU; SCATTERING; PROFILES; BACKSCATTERING; DERIVATION; PARTICLE AB High spatial and temporal resolution elastic backscatter lidar data from Baltimore are analyzed with a near-end approach to estimate vertical profiles of the aerosol extinction coefficient. The near-end approach makes use of the (1) aerosol scattering coefficient measured at the surface with a nephelometer (0.530 mum), (2) surface level particle size distribution, and (3) refractive index calculated using Mie theory to estimate the aerosol extinction coefficient boundary condition for the lidar equation. There was a broad range of atmospheric turbidity due to a strong haze event, which occurred because of smoke transport from Canadian forest fires, and led to a wide range of observed atmospheric properties. The index of refraction for aerosols estimated during the entire study period is 1.5-0.47 i, which is typical for soot. The measured surface level aerosol scattering coefficient ranged from sigma(p) = 0.002 to sigma(p) = 0.541 km(-1), and the computed aerosol extinction coefficient spanned values kappa(p) = 0.01 to kappa(p) = 1.05 km(-1). The derived mass concentration and the mass scattering ranges were 3.96-194 mug m(-3) and 0.05-3.260 m(2) g(-1), respectively. The aerosol optical properties were dominated by light absorption by light absorption by soot. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Adam, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 3400 N Charles St,319 Ames Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mariana@jhu.edu RI Adam, Mariana/C-5661-2013; Parlange, Marc/A-3403-2015 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 21 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D16 AR D16S02 DI 10.1029/2003JD004047 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 841GE UT WOS:000222916900001 ER PT J AU Griffis, TJ Baker, JM Sargent, SD Tanner, BD Zhang, J AF Griffis, TJ Baker, JM Sargent, SD Tanner, BD Zhang, J TI Measuring field-scale isotopic CO2 fluxes with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and micrometeorological techniques SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS); micrometeorology; stable isotopes; keeling plot; isotopic fluxes; net ecosystem exchange; ecosystem respiration ID CARBON-CYCLE PROCESSES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; BOREAL FOREST; EXCHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; ATMOSPHERE; OXYGEN; DIOXIDE; VEGETATION; DELTA-C-13 AB The combination of micrometeorological and stable isotope techniques offers a relatively new approach for elucidating ecosystem-scale processes. Here we combined a micrometeorological gradient technique with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) using the Trace Gas Analyzer (TGA 100, Campbell Scientific, Inc., Utah, USA) to measure field-scale isotopic CO2 mixing ratios and fluxes of (CO2)-C-12 and (CO2)-C-13. The experiment was conducted in a recently harvested soybean (Glycine max) field that had been in corn (Zea mays) production the previous 4 years. Measurements were made over a period of 26 days from October 25 to November 19, 2002. Weather conditions were unusually cold and dry during the experiment. Isotopic gradients were small and averaged -0.153 and -0.0018 mumol mol(-1) m(-1) for (CO2)-C-12 and (CO2)-C-13, respectively for U. > 0.1 M s(-1). The average (CO2)-C-12) and (CO2)-C-13, flux for the period was 1.0 and 0.012 mumol m(-2) s(-1,) respectively. The isotope ratio of respired carbon (delta(13)C(R)) obtained from the linear intercept of a Keeling plot was -27.93parts per thousand (+/-0.32parts per thousand) for the experimental period. The Keeling plot technique was compared to a new flux ratio methodology that estimates delta(13)C(R) from the slope of a linear plot of (CO2)-C-13, versus (CO2)-C-12, flux. This method eliminates a number of potential limitations associated with the Keeling plot and provides a delta(13)C(R) value that can be directly related to the flux footprint. In this initial comparison, our analysis showed that the flux ratio method produced a similar delta(13)C(R) value (-28.67parts per thousand), but with greater uncertainty (+/-2.1parts per thousand). Better results are expected during growing season conditions when fluxes are substantially larger and the signal to noise ratio is improved. The isotope ratio of respired carbon was consistent with C-3 agricultural systems indicating that soybean decomposition was the dominant substrate for respiration. The observed increase in ecosystem respiration (RE) and decrease in delta(13)C(R) following tillage indicated that the incorporation of fresh soybean residue provided the major source for decomposition and further illustrates that the combination of micrometeorological and stable isotope techniques can be used to better interpret changes in carbon cycle processes. Long-term and continuous measurements Of isotopic CO2 exchange using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and micrometeorological techniques offers a new opportunity to study carbon cycle processes at the field-scale. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Campbell Sci Inc, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Griffis, TJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM griffis@umn.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 NR 38 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 20 PY 2004 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.009 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840DV UT WOS:000222838100002 ER PT J AU Triggs, JM Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Wall, GW Conley, MM Brooks, TJ LaMorte, RL Adam, NR Ottman, MJ Matthias, AD Leavitt, SW Cerveny, RS AF Triggs, JM Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Wall, GW Conley, MM Brooks, TJ LaMorte, RL Adam, NR Ottman, MJ Matthias, AD Leavitt, SW Cerveny, RS TI Free-air CO2 enrichment effects on the energy balance and evapotranspiration of sorghum SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sorghum; Sorghum bicolor; evapotranspiration; energy balance; climate change; CO2; micrometeorology ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CO2; WHEAT EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; DOWNWIND EVOLUTION; SURFACE-RESISTANCE; FIELD CONDITIONS; LOCAL ADVECTION; GROWTH-RESPONSE AB Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) likely will affect future water requirements of most plants, including agricultural crops. This research quantifies such effects on the energy balance and evapotranspiration (ET) of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Wench, a C-4 grain crop) using a residual energy balance approach. During the summer and autumn of 1998 and 1999, sorghum was grown under free-air CO2) enrichment (FACE) conditions near Maricopa, Arizona. Latent heat flux (lambdaET) was determined by subtracting soil heat flux (G(0)) and sensible heat flux (H) from net radiation (R-n) values in both Control CO2) plots (about 370 mumol mol(-1)) and FACE plots (Control + 200 mumol mol(-1)). R-n was observed using net radiometers. Go was measured with soil heat flux plates at a depth of 10 mm, then corrected for heat storage above the plates. H was determined using measurements of air temperature from aspirated psychrometers, leaf temperature from infrared thermometers, and wind data from a three-cup anemometer. Both FACE and Control plots were divided into semicircular halves to allow a well-watered (Wet) treatment and a drought-stressed (Dry) treatment. This allowed comparisons of the FACE effect on ET in normal and water-stressed conditions. Under Wet conditions, FACE decreased; ET by 13.8 +/- 1.8% in 1998, and 11.8 +/- 11.9% in 1999. Drought-stress resulted in a reduction in lambdaET of 8.5 +/- 3.7% for the FACE treatments in 1998, but an increase in lambdaET of 10.5 +/- 5.1% in 1999. When soil water was readily available, midday canopy temperatures in the FACE plots were increased by 1.47 +/- 0.09degreesC in 1998, and 1.85 +/- 0.20degreesC in 1999, indicative of increased stomatal resistance due to CO, enrichment. These data suggest that soil water availability is a determining factor for the FACE effect. Water use efficiency (WUE) increased about 28% due to elevated CO2 under Wet conditions due to a savings of water for about the same growth, whereas under Dry conditions it increased about 16% due to much greater relative growth on only a slightly higher amount of water. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jtriggs@uswcl.ars.ag.gov; bkimball@uswcl.ars.ag.gov; ppinter@uswcl.ars.ag.gov; gwall@uswcl.ars.ag.gov; mconley@uswcl.ars.ag.gov; talbot.brooks@asu.edu; rlamorte@uswcl.ars.ag.gov; nadam@uswcl.ars.ag.gov; mottman@ag.arizona.edu; matthias@ag.arizona.edu; sleavitt@ltrr.arizona.edu; cerveny@asu.edu NR 50 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 20 PY 2004 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.005 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840DV UT WOS:000222838100005 ER PT J AU Qualtrough, D Buda, A Gaffield, W Williams, AC Paraskeva, C AF Qualtrough, D Buda, A Gaffield, W Williams, AC Paraskeva, C TI Hedgehog signalling in colorectal tumour cells: Induction of apoptosis with cyclopamine treatment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE colon cancer; hedgehog; cyclopamine ID SONIC-HEDGEHOG; DIFFERENTIATION; ADENOMA; CANCER; REGIONALIZATION; TRANSDUCTION; INHIBITION; INTESTINE; MUTATIONS; PATHWAY AB Hedgehog (Hh) signalling controls many aspects of development. It also regulates cell growth and differentiation in adult tissues and is activated in a number of human malignancies. Hh and Wnt signalling frequently act together in controlling cell growth and tissue morphogenesis. Despite the fact that the majority of colorectal tumours have a constitutively activated canonical Wnt pathway, few previous studies have investigated the expression of Hh signalling components in colorectal tumours. We describe here epithelial cell lines derived from both nonmalignant colorectal adenomas and colorectal adenocarcinomas that express both Sonic and Indian Hh. Interestingly, these cells also express the Hh receptor Patched and the downstream signalling components Smoothened and Gli1, suggesting autocrine Hh signalling in these cells. To test whether autocrine Hh signalling contributes to cell survival, we treated colorectal tumour cells with cyclopamine, a known inhibitor of Hh signalling. Cyclopamine treatment induced apoptosis in both adenoma- and carcinoma-derived cell lines, which could be partially rescued by further stimulation of Hh signalling. These data suggest that autocrine Hh signalling can increase aberrant cell survival in colorectal tumour cells and may be a novel target for colon cancer therapy using drugs such as cyclopamine. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Bristol, Sch Med Sci, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Canc Res UK Colorectal Tumour Biol Res Grp, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Paraskeva, C (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Med Sci, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Canc Res UK Colorectal Tumour Biol Res Grp, Univ Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England. EM c.paraskeva@bristol.ac.uk NR 28 TC 125 Z9 134 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JUL 20 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 6 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1002/ijc.20227 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 829LA UT WOS:000222048600007 PM 15170664 ER PT J AU Kumar, V Mills, DJ Anderson, JD Mattoo, AK AF Kumar, V Mills, DJ Anderson, JD Mattoo, AK TI An alternative agriculture system is defined by a distinct expression profile of select gene transcripts and proteins SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OSMOTIN-LIKE PROTEIN; LEAF SENESCENCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; THYLAKOID PROTEINS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; BINDING PROTEINS; BRASSICA-NAPUS; CYTOKININ AB Conventional agriculture has relied heavily on chemical inputs that have negatively impacted the environment and increased production costs. Transition to agricultural sustainability is a major challenge and requires that alternative agricultural practices are scientifically analyzed to provide a sufficiently informative knowledge base in favor of alternative farming practices. We show a molecular basis for delayed leaf senescence and tolerance to diseases in tomato plants cultivated in a legume (hairy vetch) mulch-based alternative agricultural system. In the hairy vetch-cultivated plants, expression of specific and select classes of genes is up-regulated compared to those grown on black polyethylene mulch. These include N-responsive genes such as MR, GS1, rbcL, rbcS, and G6PD; chaperone genes such as hsp70 and BiP, defense genes such as chitinase and osmotin; a cytokinin-responsive gene CKR; and gibberellic acid 20 oxidase. We present a model of how their protein products likely complement one another in a field scenario to effect efficient utilization and mobilization of C and N, promote defense against disease, and enhance longevity. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustain Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mattooa@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 20 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 29 BP 10535 EP 10540 DI 10.1073/pnas.0403496101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 840FN UT WOS:000222842700010 PM 15249656 ER PT J AU Combs, GF AF Combs, GF TI Status of selenium in prostate cancer prevention SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Review DE selenium; carcinogenesis; selenomethionine; methylselenol; prostate; apoptosis; cell cycle ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; BASE-LINE CHARACTERISTICS; EPITHELIAL TUMOR-CELLS; NUTRITIONAL PREVENTION; METHYLSELENINIC ACID; SERUM SELENIUM; MAMMARY-CANCER; GROWTH ARREST; IN-VITRO; SUPPLEMENTATION AB The complete, 13 years, results of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial have been analysed, causing some speculation over the robustness of the previously reported findings of reduction of cancer risks by supplements of selenium (Se) to a cohort of older Americans. These analyses confirmed that Se supplementation was associated with marked reductions in risks to total (all-site except skin) carcinomas and to cancers of the prostate and colon-rectum. Of those deep-site treatment effects, the most robust was for prostate cancer, which was more frequent, and was confirmed by serum prostate-specific antigen level. Recent subgroup analyses showed Se supplementation reduced risk of cancer mostly among subjects who entered the trial with plasma Se levels in the bottom tertile of the cohort. Other recent findings have demonstrated that Se treatment can promote apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and, possibly, impair their proliferation through antiangiogenic effects. Thus, a body of basic understanding is developing by which one can understand and evaluate the results of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer and future clinical trials. This understanding also requires inclusion of the mechanisms of Se transport and cellular uptake, so that appropriate inferences can be made from findings from cell culture systems, which tended to use effective Se doses much larger than relevant to cells in vivo. Also needed is information on the chemical speciation of Se in foods, so that Se delivery can be achieved in ways that are effective in reducing cancer risk and is also safe, accessible and sustainable. C1 ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Combs, GF (reprint author), ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM gcombs@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 78 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD JUL 19 PY 2004 VL 91 IS 2 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601974 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 841LC UT WOS:000222930300001 PM 15213714 ER PT J AU Trematerra, P Brown, JW AF Trematerra, P Brown, JW TI Argentine Argyrotaenia (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae): Synopsis and descriptions of two new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Tortricidae; leafrollers; Argyrotaenia; new species; Argentina; morphology AB We present descriptions, redescriptions, and/or diagnoses of the four species of Argyrotaenia reported from Argentina: A. pomililiana, new species, from Neuquen and Buenos Aires provinces; A. tucumana, new species, from Tucuman; A. loxonephes (Meyrick), apparently endemic to Argentina; and A. sphaleropa (Meyrick) and its junior synonym, A. fletcheriella (Kohler), a widespread species of the New World tropics. We provide images of the adults and illustrations of the male and female genitalia. We also present host records from an unpublished manuscript by the noted Argentine lepidopterist, Jose A. Pastrana. We briefly discuss the previous erroneous report of A. citrana (Fernald) from South America. C1 Univ Molise, Dept Anim Plant & Environm Sci, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy. ARS, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Trematerra, P (reprint author), Univ Molise, Dept Anim Plant & Environm Sci, Via Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy. EM trema@unimol.it; jbrown@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 19 PY 2004 IS 574 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 873NY UT WOS:000225288400001 ER PT J AU Shaw, JN West, LT Bosch, DD Truman, CC Leigh, DS AF Shaw, JN West, LT Bosch, DD Truman, CC Leigh, DS TI Parent material influence on soil distribution and genesis in a Paleudult and Kandiudult complex, southeastern USA SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE ultisols; fluvial sediments; eolian sediments; argillic horizons ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; NORTH-CAROLINA; SHAPE-ANALYSIS; SIZE AB Parent materials greatly influence soil development and the distribution of soils on the southeastern US Coastal Plain. We examined the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of 11 pedons in a 1-ha plot on the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia, USA. Uniformity of parent materials was assessed by sand grain size characteristics. The soils have sandy epipedons of variable thickness and argillic horizons of variable texture. Six of the pedons also have kandic horizons. They are classified (US Soil Taxonomy) in Psammentic, Grossarenic, Arenic, and Typic subgroups of Paleudults and Kandiudults. Loamy pedons possess argillic horizons with two distinct increases in clay and greater differences between eluvial and illuvial horizons than sandy pedons. The upper boundary of the argillic horizon is approximately parallel to the present geomorphic surface, suggesting that it is associated with the contemporary surface. Discontinuities, identified by changes in sand grain size ratios and plots of the third (skewness) and fourth (kurtosis) moments of sand grain distribution, roughly correspond to the bottom of the solum. Our data suggest that there are both eolian and fluvial components in the solum, whereas subjacent horizons are completely derived from fluvial deposits. Sandier pedons have greater gibbsite/kaolinite ratios, possibly because greater permeability has enhanced leaching and Si loss. Our data suggest parent materials largely control soil distribution over this plot. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soils, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shaw, JN (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 207 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jnshaw@acesag.auburn.edu NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUL 18 PY 2004 VL 57 IS 2 BP 157 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.cantena.2003.10.016 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 829VK UT WOS:000222078200003 ER PT J AU Thunes, KH Skartveit, J Gjerde, I Stary, J Solhoy, T Fjellberg, A Kobro, S Nakahara, S zur Strassen, R Vierbergen, G Szadziewski, R Hagan, DV Grogan, WL Jonassen, T Aakra, K Anonby, J Greve, L Aukema, B Heller, K Michelsen, V Haenni, JP Emeljanov, AF Douwes, P Berggren, K Franzen, J Disney, RHL Prescher, S Johanson, KA Mamaev, B Podenas, S Andersen, S Gaimari, SD Nartshuk, E Soli, GEE Papp, L Midtgaard, F Andersen, A von Tschirnhaus, M Bachli, G Olsen, KM Olsvik, H Foldvari, M Raastad, JE Hansen, LO Djursvoll, P AF Thunes, KH Skartveit, J Gjerde, I Stary, J Solhoy, T Fjellberg, A Kobro, S Nakahara, S zur Strassen, R Vierbergen, G Szadziewski, R Hagan, DV Grogan, WL Jonassen, T Aakra, K Anonby, J Greve, L Aukema, B Heller, K Michelsen, V Haenni, JP Emeljanov, AF Douwes, P Berggren, K Franzen, J Disney, RHL Prescher, S Johanson, KA Mamaev, B Podenas, S Andersen, S Gaimari, SD Nartshuk, E Soli, GEE Papp, L Midtgaard, F Andersen, A von Tschirnhaus, M Bachli, G Olsen, KM Olsvik, H Foldvari, M Raastad, JE Hansen, LO Djursvoll, P TI The arthropod community of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) canopies in Norway SO ENTOMOLOGICA FENNICA LA English DT Review ID FOREST CANOPY; STAND AGE; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; SEASON; FAUNA; TREES; MITES AB We summarise the findings of arthropods collected by fogging the canopy of 24 pine trees in two sites in Eastern and Western Norway. From the samples, taken in 1998 and in 1999, almost 30,000 specimens were determined to 512 species, with Diptera being most species rich (210 species), followed by Coleoptera (76 species) and Araneae (49 species). Of the 96 new species records, nine were new to science (5 Diptera and 4 Oribatida), two were new to the European, three to the Scandinavian and 82 to the Norwegian faunas. The paper demonstrates the need for detailed faunistical inventories of European forests. C1 Norwegian Forest Res Inst, N-5244 Fana, Norway. Univ Bergen, Museum Zool, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Soil Biol, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Norwegian Crop Res Inst, Plant Protec Ctr, N-1432 As, Norway. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Forschunginst Senckenberg, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. Plant Protect Serv, Entomol Sect, NL-6700 HC Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Gdansk, Dept Invertebrate Zool, PL-81378 Gdynia, Poland. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Salisbury State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. Zool Museum, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Museum Hist Nat, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. COB, Zoolgen, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. All Russian Continuous Educ Forestry, Pushchino 141200, Moscow Region, Russia. Vilnius State Univ, Fac Nat Sci, LT-2009 Vilnius, Lithuania. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Branch, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. Univ Oslo, Museum Zool, N-0562 Oslo, Norway. Hungarian Natl Hist Museum, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. Norwegian Forest Res Inst, N-1432 As, Norway. Univ Bielefeld, Fak Biol, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Univ Zurich, Museum Zool, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Oslo, Inst Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Scottish Agr Coll, Environm Res Grp, Auchincruive KA6 5HW, Ayr, Scotland. RP Thunes, KH (reprint author), Norwegian Forest Res Inst, Fanaflaten 4, N-5244 Fana, Norway. RI Thunes, Karl/A-5878-2009; Stary, Josef/G-2721-2014; Section, Forest Health/B-1469-2015; OI Thunes, Karl/0000-0003-1192-7840; Johanson, Kjell Arne/0000-0002-1893-3429 NR 106 TC 14 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICA FENNICA PI HELSINKI PA C/O ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM P RAUTATIEKATU 13 UNIV HELSINKI, FIN-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0785-8760 J9 ENTOMOL FENNICA JI Entomol. Fenn. PD JUL 16 PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 65 EP 90 PG 26 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 842HF UT WOS:000222993600001 ER PT J AU Lawenda, BD Smith, DEH Niemierko, A Xu, L Silverstein, JR Held, KD Loeffler, JS Jain, RK Blumberg, JB AF Lawenda, BD Smith, DEH Niemierko, A Xu, L Silverstein, JR Held, KD Loeffler, JS Jain, RK Blumberg, JB TI Radiomodifying responses of vitamin E and epigallocatechin gallate supplementation during irradiation of implanted tumors. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 14 SU S MA 9601 BP 860S EP 860S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 849BL UT WOS:000223512403411 PM 28016194 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Maleki, SJ Champagne, ET AF Chung, SY Maleki, SJ Champagne, ET TI Allergenic properties of roasted peanut allergens may be reduced by peroxidase SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE peroxidase; enzymes; raw and roasted peanuts; allergenicity; Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 allergens; cross-linking; IgE antibodies; ELISA; western blots ID MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; CROSS-LINKING; IGE-BINDING; PROTEINS; WHEAT; CONJUGATION; LACCASE; FOOD; RYE AB Peanut allergy is a public health issue. The culprits are the peanut allergens. Reducing the allergenic properties of these allergens or proteins will be beneficial to allergic individuals. In this study, the objective was to determine if peroxidase (POD), which catalyzes protein cross-linking, reduces the allergenic properties of peanut allergens. In the experiments, protein extracts from raw and roasted defatted peanut meals at pH 8 were incubated with and without POD in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at 37 degreesC for 60 min. The POD-treated and untreated samples were then analyzed by SDS-PAGE, western blots, and competitive inhibition ELISA. IgE binding or allergenicity was determined in blots and ELISA. Results showed that POD treatment had no effect on raw peanuts with respect to protein cross-linking. However, a significant decrease was seen in the levels of the major allergens, Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, in roasted peanuts after POD treatment. Also, polymers were formed. Despite this, a reduction in IgE binding was observed. It was concluded that POD induced the cross-linking of mainly Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 from roasted peanuts and that, due to POD treatment, IgE binding was reduced. The finding indicates that POD can help reduce the allergenic properties of roasted peanut allergens. C1 Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chung, SY (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sychung@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 34 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 14 BP 4541 EP 4545 DI 10.1021/jf030808d PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 836FJ UT WOS:000222540800030 PM 15237964 ER PT J AU McFeeters, RF Barrangou, UM Barish, AO Morrison, SS AF McFeeters, RF Barrangou, UM Barish, AO Morrison, SS TI Rapid softening of acidified peppers: Effect of oxygen and sulfite SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pepper; Capsicum annum; texture; firmness; benzoate ID SALT-FREE AB Evidence was found for two previously unreported, nonenzymatic reactions that affected texture retention in acidified red bell peppers. First, oxygen was found to cause rapid softening of the pepper tissue such that it lost at least 40% of the initial tissue firmness within 2 weeks after acidification. Second, sulfite added to the acidified peppers prevented the softening caused by oxygen. Combined addition of sulfite and calcium chloride resulted in better retention of tissue firmness during extended storage than the addition of either component by itself. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rfm@unity.ncsu.edu NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 14 BP 4554 EP 4557 DI 10.1021/jf003459533 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 836FJ UT WOS:000222540800032 PM 15237966 ER PT J AU Shukla, S VanToai, TT Pratt, RC AF Shukla, S VanToai, TT Pratt, RC TI Expression and nucleotide sequence of an INS (3) P-1 synthase gene associated with low-phytate kernels in maize (Zea mays L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L.; gene activity and sequence analysis; low phytic acid; Ins (3) P-1; synthase ID MYO-INOSITOL-1-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; MUTATION; PLANT; PHOSPHORUS; PHENOTYPE; PATTERNS; ORIGIN; PIGS AB Most of the phosphorus (P) in maize (Zea mays L.) kernels is in the form of phytic acid. A low phytic acid (Ipa) maize mutant, Ipa1-1, displays levels reduced by 66%. A goal of genetic breeding is development of low phytic acid feedstocks to improve P nutrition of nonruminant animals and reduce the adverse environmental impacts of excess P in manure. The genetic basis of the Ipa1-1 mutation is not known, but previous genetic mapping has shown both the mutant phenotype and the Ins (3) P-1 synthase (MIPS) gene, which encodes the first enzyme, myo-inositol phosphate synthase, in the phytic acid biosynthetic pathway, map to the same chromosomal region in maize. Research was conducted to determine the expression of the MIPS gene in Ipa1-1 and wild-type kernels with similar genetic backgrounds and to ascertain if variation in the MIPS coding sequence could be inferred to be the basis of the mutation. MIPS enzyme activity determined by TLC was reduced 2-3-fold in mutant kernels. RT-PCR-based experiments using primers specific for the 1S-MIPS sequence indicated gene expression was reduced 50-60% in the mutant. Sequence analysis of the MIPS genomic sequence revealed 10 exons and 9 introns that are identical in both mutant and wild-type developing kernels. These findings support an association between reduced MIPS gene activity and low phytic acid content, but additional research should examine the promoter, the 5'UTR, or transcriptional controlling elements of the MIPS gene to ascertain the possible presence of a genetic lesion in those regions. C1 Agr Res Serv, Soil Drainage Res Unit, USDA, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP VanToai, TT (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Soil Drainage Res Unit, USDA, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM vantosa1@osu.edu NR 23 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 14 BP 4565 EP 4570 DI 10.1021/jf049976b PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 836FJ UT WOS:000222540800034 PM 15237968 ER PT J AU Hobbins, MT Ramirez, JA Brown, TC AF Hobbins, MT Ramirez, JA Brown, TC TI Trends in pan evaporation and actual evapotranspiration across the conterminous US: Paradoxical or complementary? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; REGIONAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL AB Pan evaporation (ETpan) has decreased at 64% of pans in the conterminous U.S. over the past half-century. Comparing trends in ETpan and water budget-derived actual evapotranspiration (ETa*), we observe the so-called "Pan Evaporation Paradox,'' which we confirm is no more than a manifestation of the complementarity between actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and potential evapotranspiration (ETp). Examining trends in the components of ETa - the radiative energy and regional advective budgets - we show that both components must be considered together to explain the relationship between ETpan and ETa*. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Water Resources Hydrol & Environm Sci Div, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hobbins, MT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Water Resources Hydrol & Environm Sci Div, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ramirez@engr.colostate.edu RI Hobbins, Mike/N-4630-2014 OI Hobbins, Mike/0000-0001-5789-5229 NR 21 TC 143 Z9 155 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 13 AR L13503 DI 10.1029/2004GL019846 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 839PJ UT WOS:000222796700001 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT Groffman, PM Verchot, LV Magill, AH Aber, JD AF Venterea, RT Groffman, PM Verchot, LV Magill, AH Aber, JD TI Gross nitrogen process rates in temperate forest soils exhibiting symptoms of nitrogen saturation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen deposition; nitrification; N trace gas emissions; soil acidity ID NITRIC-OXIDE EMISSIONS; RED PINE PLANTATION; ABIOTIC IMMOBILIZATION; HARVARD FOREST; N-15 ANALYSIS; N-DEPOSITION; NITRIFICATION; ADDITIONS; NITRATE; DIFFUSION AB In order to examine how fundamental soil N cycling processes are affected by elevated N inputs to temperate forest ecosystems, we made concurrent laboratory measurements of gross rates of nitrogen (N) mineralization, nitrification, nitrate (NO(3)(-)) consumption, ammonium (NH(4)(+)) immobilization, nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and nitric oxide (NO) production, and NO consumption in soils from the Harvard Forest Chronic N Amendment Study. Gross nitrification rates varied with N addition rate in a manner that was entirely consistent with patterns of NO(3)(-) leaching and NO emissions that have been previously observed in field studies. Gross nitrification was elevated above controls in soils from a pine stand receiving 5 and 15 g N m(-2) per year, and in soils from a hardwood stand receiving 15 g N m(-2) per year. Gross nitrification tended to increase with decreasing soil pH, suggesting that acid-tolerant nitrifying bacteria predominate in these soils. Different patterns of inorganic N consumption in the two stands may provide some clues to understanding the more rapid onset of N saturation that has been historically observed in the pine stand. Absolute rates of NH(4)(+) immobilization, and rates of NO(3)(-) consumption per unit of available NO(3)(-), each tended to decrease with increasing N addition in the hardwood stand, but did not vary significantly in the pine stand. Gross NO production rates increased in a manner that was consistent with nitrification rate increases, and represented up to 19% of gross nitrification. Production of N(2)O was generally less than or equal to15% of NO production and <1% of gross nitrification. Consumption of NO represented greater than or equal to96% of gross NO production and may have contributed up to 25% of total NO(3)(-) production. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Int Ctr Res Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM venterea@soils.umn.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 NR 44 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 196 IS 1 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.016 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 837JX UT WOS:000222626900009 ER PT J AU Bauer, GA Bazzaz, FA Minocha, R Long, S Magill, A Aber, J Berntson, GM AF Bauer, GA Bazzaz, FA Minocha, R Long, S Magill, A Aber, J Berntson, GM TI Effects of chronic N additions on tissue chemistry, photosynthetic capacity, and carbon sequestration potential of a red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stand in the NE United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE photosynthesis; needle longevity; nitrogen; chlorophyll; NPP; Pinus resinosa ID SPRUCE PICEA-ABIES; TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TERRESTRIAL CARBON; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; AIR-POLLUTION; CHLOROPHYLL-A; HIGH LOADS; SATURATION; CO2 AB Temperate forests are predicted to play a key role as important sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide, which could be enhanced by nitrogen (N) deposition, However, experimental evidence suggests flat the impact of N deposition on temperate forest productivity may not be as great as originally assumed. We investigated how chronic N addition affects needle morphology, nitrogen metabolism (or partitioning) photosynthetic capacity and foliage productivity. The investigation is based at the Harvard Forest (MA) as part of a now 15-year long N amendment study. Foliar N content in red pine (Pinus resinosa) of the high N treatment has significantly increased, but this increase was accompanied by a de-coupling of the photosynthesis-N relationship. In addition needle longevity in the high N trees was significantly lower compared to the control trees. Conifers of the hi-h N treatment did not use the surplus of N to optimize the amount of photosynthetically active metabolites. Instead N accumulated as soluble protein (other than Rubisco), amino acids and chlorophyll. Photosynthetic capacity in the control trees was about 50% higher than in the fertilized trees. These results indicate that the increase in leaf N is not accompanied by a greater capacity for carbon assimilation in the high N treatment. Using a simple model (PnET-Day) of canopy photosynthesis and carbon allocation, we assessed the long-term effect of these physiological changes on ecosystem carbon balance. The model results emphasize and reinforce the large difference between rates of carbon accumulation predicted to occur if net photosynthesis remained linearly related to foliar N concentration, and rates measured in the field. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US Forest Serv, NERS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. RP Bauer, GA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 16 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gbauer@mpiz-koeln.mpg.de RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 60 TC 73 Z9 112 U1 6 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 196 IS 1 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.032 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 837JX UT WOS:000222626900012 ER PT J AU Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Calve, PD AF Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Calve, PD TI Solid freeform fabrication of epoxidized soybean oil/epoxy composites with di-, tri-, and polyethylene amine curing agents SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE epoxidized soybean oil; solid free form fabrication; di-; tri-; polyethylene amine; fiber reinforcement AB Soybean oil/epoxy-based composites are prepared by solid freeform fabrication (SFF) methods. SFF methods built materials by the repetitive addition of thin layers. The mixture of epoxidized soybean oil and epoxy resin is modified with di-, tri-, or polyethylene amine gelling agent to solidify the materials until curing occurs. The high strength and stiffness composites are formed through fiber reinforcement. E-glass, carbon, and mineral fibers are used in the formulations. The type of fiber affects the properties of the composites. It was found that a combination of two types of fibers could be used to achieve higher strength and stiffness parts than can be obtained from a single fiber type. In addition, the effects of curing temperature, curing time, and fiber concentration on mechanical properties of composites are studied and reported. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Oil Chem Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Mat Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Oil Chem Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 BP 356 EP 363 DI 10.1002/app.20412 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 819GU UT WOS:000221303800042 ER PT J AU Williams, LD Meredith, FI Riley, RT AF Williams, LD Meredith, FI Riley, RT TI Fumonisin-ortho-phthalaldehyde derivative is stabilized at low temperature SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE derivatization; LC; fumonisin ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; B-1; PURIFICATION; CORN AB Fumonisins are water soluble mycotoxins produced by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides (formerly F moniliforme). Fumonisin B I (FBI) is a diester of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid and 2-amino-12, 16-dimethyl-3,5,1.0,14,15-pentahydroxyeicosane, and is the most abundant of the naturally occurring fumonisins. Upon removal of the two tricarballylic acid side chains, the structure is referred to as hydrolyzed FB(1) (HFB(1)). FB(1) and HFB(1) are structurally similar to sphinganine, a sphingoid base. The fumonisins do not absorb UV light or fluoresce; therefore, derivatizing reagents are used for detection when separation is by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The standard derivatizing reagent used for HPLC is ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) plus 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) reaction partner, however, the PPA-FB(1) derivative is not stable at room temperature. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the effect of temperature on the stability of the OPA-FB(1) derivative and (2) determine which structural characteristics of FB(1) contribute to the instability of the OPA-FB(1) derivative. The results indicate that OPA-FB(1), OPA-FB(3) and OPA-HFB(1) derivatives are unstable at 24 degreesC but that their stability improves significantly at 4 degreesC. The OPA-sphinaamne derivative is stable for at least 24 h at 24 degreesC. Thus, the instability of the OPA-FB I derivative may be attributed to its lack of a hydroxyl group at the carbon I position. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, RRC, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rriley@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 806 IS 2 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.chromb.2004.03.052 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 828AV UT WOS:000221945700031 PM 15171945 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ AF Wood, RJ TI The iron-heart disease connection: is it dead or just hiding? SO AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE iron; heart disease; serum ferritin; nontransferrin bound iron ID TRANSFERRIN-BOUND IRON; ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; SERUM FERRITIN; BODY IRON; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK; STORES; ASSOCIATION; OXIDATION AB More than 20 years ago it was proposed that differences in body iron stores may account for differential heart disease prevalence in men and women. In 1992 Finnish investigators presented intriguing supportive evidence for this proposal by showing that middle-aged men with normal but elevated serum ferritin, a biomarker of body iron stores, were at increased risk for acute myocardial infarction. During the past dozen years many studies have followed leading to intense debate on the role of iron in the development of heart disease. A meta-analysis of prospective studies found, however, no support for the iron-heart disease hypothesis. As new disease associations with iron status continue to be explored, consideration needs to be given to the lessons learned from these studies. Moreover, additional efforts need to be made to find a simple, high throughput and more satisfactory measure of the forms of iron in the body that are liable to do damage. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM richard.wood@tufts.edu NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 1568-1637 J9 AGEING RES REV JI Ageing Res. Rev. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 355 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.arr.2004.04.002 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 843GQ UT WOS:000223067000007 PM 15231242 ER PT J AU Berdahl, JD Karn, JF Hendrickson, JR AF Berdahl, JD Karn, JF Hendrickson, JR TI Nutritive quality of cool-season grass monocultures and binary grass-alfalfa mixtures at late harvest SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS; HERBAGE QUALITY; FORAGE QUALITY; YIELD; REGISTRATION; LEAVES; STEMS AB Nutritive quality of hay is compromised when harvest is delayed, but reproduction of upland nesting birds in the northern Great Plains would be improved if haying operations could be deferred until mid-July or later to allow completion of nesting. This study was conducted to determine nutritive quality of hay at a single mid-July cutting from three cool-season grass species that were grown in monoculture and in binary mixtures with alfalfa [Medicago sativa subsp. x varia (Martyn) Arcang.] near Mandan, ND. Grasses were intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & Dewey], smooth brome-grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schotl.]. Annual applications of 0 and 50 kg N ha(-1) had no effect on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) or neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels of grass or alfalfa. Grass monocultures and alfalfa averaged 612 and 624 g kg(-1), respectively, for IVDMD and 651 and 567 g kg(-1), respectively, for NDF. At 0 kg N ha(-1), crude protein (CP) ranged from 71 to 78 g kg-1 in grass monocultures and from 92 to 131 g kg(-1) in grass-alfalfa mixtures. At 50 kg N ha(-1), CP ranged from 83 to 97 g kg(-1) in grass monocultures and from 99 to 133 g kg(-1) in mixtures. Feasibility of deferring hay harvest to allow reproduction of upland nesting birds in the northern Great Plains depends on maintaining alfalfa or other legumes with high nutritive quality in grass mixtures to reduce NDF and increase CP levels. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, No Plains Area, Mandan, ND 58854 USA. RP Berdahl, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, No Plains Area, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58854 USA. EM berdahlj@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 951 EP 955 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 843MV UT WOS:000223088900001 ER PT J AU Amer, KH Hatfield, JL AF Amer, KH Hatfield, JL TI Canopy resistance as affected by soil and meteorological factors in potato SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INFRARED THERMOMETRY; SURFACE-RESISTANCE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TEMPERATURE AB Precision irrigation requires a method of quantifying the crop water status or root zone depletion of water to determine when and how much water to apply, to the soil. Changes in canopy resistance (r(c)) and canopy temperatures have the potential of being used as a crop water status indicator for irrigation management. A study was conducted on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown in northern Egypt at Shibin El-Kom on an alluvial loamy soil for winter (20 Sept. 2001 through 20 Jan. 2002) and spring (1 Feb. 2002 through 20 May 2002) seasons to determine if r(c) derived from energy balance and plant parameters could be used to determine the onset of water stress and the amount of water required to refill the soil profile. Diurnal r(c) was determined for well-watered conditions and achieved minimum values of 20 and 10 s m(-1) at noontime during winter and spring periods, respectively. A power relationship of -0.86 for well-watered conditions was developed between r(c) and net radiation (R-n) at various plant growth stages. In deficit soil water conditions, r(c) increased linearly with decreasing available soil water (ASW), with a change in potato r(c) of 0.75 and 0.39 s m(-1) per percentage ASW for 1 and 2 MJ m(-2) h(-1) of R-n at midgrowth, respectively. A ratio of actual/potential canopy resistance (r(c)/r(p)) was derived to normalize the meteorological differences between growing seasons. This ratio was 2.5 when 50% of ASW was removed and can be used as a parameter to determine the need for irrigations using weather factors and canopy temperature. Canopy resistance increased linearly with increasing soil solution salinity, electrical conductivity, when the soil solution was above the threshold soil salinity value. A ratio of r(c)/r(cp) was found to normalize the effects of different environments across saline and water deficit conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Menoufia Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Menoufia, Egypt. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hatfield@nstl.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 978 EP 985 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 843MV UT WOS:000223088900005 ER PT J AU Baumhardt, RL Unger, PW Dao, TH AF Baumhardt, RL Unger, PW Dao, TH TI Soil and crop management - Seedbed surface geometry effects on soil crusting and seedling emergence SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; WINTER-WHEAT; TILLAGE; INFILTRATION; COTTON; YIELD; IMPACT AB Seedling emergence is the crucial first step in crop establishment; however, crops frequently must penetrate or lift a thin, dense, soil layer called a crust, which is formed by drop impact or aggregate slaking during rainstorms and sprinkler irrigation. Shaping the soil surface into a small ridge or cap above the seed row may decrease crust strength and improve seedling emergence. Our objectives were to quantify the effects of surface soil geometry (25 mm high by 50 mm wide soil cap without removal) on (i) crust formation and strength, (ii) seedling emergence of selected crops, and (iii) seed zone soil temperature. Sieved (<12 mm) Pullman clay loam soil (Torrertic Palenstoll) was packed into columns (0.30 m wide by 0.45 m long by 0.15 m deep) and planted with grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], corn (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rows with a flat or capped surface. Columns were mounted at a 5% slope on a turntable beneath a rotating disk-type rain simulator that applied reverse osmosis water for 1 h at a 48 mm h(-1) intensity with intercepted or normal drop impact energy. Compared with intercepted (INT) drop impact conditions, normal drop impact (DI) reduced infiltration 22% and formed 4.9 mm thicker crusts that prevented seedling emergence. Thickness, penetration resistance, and seedling emergence of DI soil crusts were unaffected by surface caps. Mean seed zone soil temperatures increased with INT drop impact, but was unaffected by capping. Our test shows that unremoved soil caps did not improve seedling emergence; however, intercepting raindrop impact increases seedling emergence. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, BARC E, AMBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baumhardt, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM rlbaumhardt@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1112 EP 1117 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 843MV UT WOS:000223088900021 ER PT J AU Vina, A Gitelson, AA Rundquist, DC Keydan, G Leavitt, B Schepers, J AF Vina, A Gitelson, AA Rundquist, DC Keydan, G Leavitt, B Schepers, J TI Remote sensing - Monitoring maize (Zea mays L.) phenology with remote sensing SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD ESTIMATION; VEGETATION; GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY; VARIABILITY; REFLECTANCE; PREDICTION; ALGORITHMS; LEAVES; OPTICS AB Monitoring crop phenology is required for understanding intra- and interannual variations of agroecosystems, as well as for improving yield prediction models. The objective of this paper is to remotely evaluate the phenological development of maize (Zea mays L.) in terms of both biomass accumulation and reproductive organ appearance. Maize phenology was monitored by means of the recently developed visible atmospherically resistant indices, derived from spectral reflectance data. Visible atmospherically resistant indices provided significant information for crop phenology monitoring as they allowed us to detect: (i) changes due to biomass accumulation, (ii) changes induced by the appearance and development of reproductive organs, and (iii) the onset of senescence, earlier than widely used vegetation indices. Visible atmospherically resistant indices allowed the identification of the timing of phenological transitions that are related to the maize physiological development. They also allowed identification of the onset of the grain-fill period, which is important since maximum yield potential of maize plants depends on optimal environmental conditions during this period. C1 Univ Nebraska, Ctr Adv Land Manage Informat Technol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Univ Nebraska, Ctr Adv Land Manage Informat Technol, 113 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM avina@calmit.unl.edu RI Gitelson, Anatoly/G-3452-2012 NR 33 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1139 EP 1147 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 843MV UT WOS:000223088900025 ER PT J AU Reddy, KR Koti, S Davidonis, GH Reddy, VR AF Reddy, KR Koti, S Davidonis, GH Reddy, VR TI Agroclimatology - Interactive effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen nutrition on cotton growth, development, yield, and fiber quality SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CO2; PLANT-GROWTH; PIMA COTTON; CROP MANAGEMENT; ENRICHMENT; ENVIRONMENT; RESPONSES; SYSTEM; LEAF; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The consequences of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) and N nutrition on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth, development, yield, and fiber quality were determined. Cotton cultivar NuCOTN 33B was grown in sunlit controlled environment chambers at three levels of [CO2] (180, 360, and 720 mumol mol(-1)) and two levels of N [continuous N throughout the plant growth period (N+) and N withheld from flowering to harvest (N-)]. Leaf N concentration decreased with increasing [CO2] under both N treatments. These low leaf N concentrations did not decrease the effect of elevated [CO2] in producing higher lint yields at both N treatments, the response being highest for plants grown at elevated [CO2] and N+ conditions. Fiber quality was not significantly affected by [CO2], but the leaf N concentrations, which varied with [CO2], had either a positive or a negative influence on most of the fiber quality parameters. Leaf N during boll maturation period had significant positive correlations with mean fiber length (r(2) = 0.63), fine fiber fraction (r(2) = 0.67), and immature fiber fraction (r(2) = 0.65) and negative correlations With mean fiber diameter (r(2) = 0.61), short fiber content (r(2) = 0.50), fiber cross-sectional area (r(2) = 0.76), average circularity (r(2) = 0.74), and micronafis (r(2) = 0.65). It is inferred that future elevated [CO2] Will not have any deleterious effects on fiber quality and yield if N is optimum. The developed algorithms, if incorporated into process-level crop model, will be useful to optimize cotton production and fiber quality. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 117 Dorman Hall,Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM krreddy@ra.msstate.edu NR 72 TC 41 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1148 EP 1157 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 843MV UT WOS:000223088900026 ER PT J AU Frantz, JM Pinnock, D Klassen, S Bugbee, B AF Frantz, JM Pinnock, D Klassen, S Bugbee, B TI Rice - Characterizing the environmental response of a gibberellic acid-deficient rice for use as a model crop SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; GENOME SEQUENCE; LEAF APPEARANCE; DRAFT SEQUENCE; YIELD; WHEAT; GROWTH; CO2 AB Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a useful model crop plant. Rice was the first crop plant to have its complete genome sequenced. Unfortunately, even semidwarf rice cultivars are 60 to 90 cm tall, and large plant populations cannot be grown in the confined volumes of greenhouses and growth chambers. We recently identified an extremely short (20 cm tall) rice line, which is an ideal model for larger rice cultivars. We called this line 'Super Dwarf' rice. Here we report the response of Super Dwarf to temperature, photoperiod, photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), and factors that can affect time to head emergence. Vegetative biomass increased 6% per degree Celsius, with increasing temperature from 27 to 31degreesC. Seed yield decreased by 2% per degree Celsius rise in temperature, and as a result, harvest index decreased from 60 to 54%. The time to heading increased by 2 d for every hour above a 12-h photoperiod. Yield increased with increasing PPF up to the highest level tested at 1800 mumol m(-1) s(-1) (12-h photoperiod; 77.8 mol m(-2) d(-1)). Yield efficiency (grams per mole of photons) increased to 900 mumol m(-1) s(-1) and then slightly decreased at 1800 mumol m(-1) s(-1). Heading was delayed by addition of gibberellic acid 3 (GA(3)) to the root zone but was hastened under mild N stress. Overall, short stature, high yield, high harvest index, and no extraordinary environmental requirements make Super Dwarf rice an excellent model plant for yield studies in controlled environments. C1 Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, ATRU, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Crop Physiol Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Off, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. RP Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, ATRU, Mail Stop 604,2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM jonathan.frantz@utoledo.edu RI bugbee, bruce/I-5008-2012 NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1172 EP 1181 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 843MV UT WOS:000223088900029 ER PT J AU Dao, TH AF Dao, TH TI Phosphorus management - Ligands and phytase hydrolysis of organic phosphorus in soils amended with dairy manure SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MYOINOSITOL HEXAKIS DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE; ENZYMATIC DEPHOSPHORYLATION; WASTE-WATER; PHOSPHATE; RELEASE; ACID; SPECTROSCOPY; EXTRACTS; FORMS AB Information about orthophosphate and organic phosphorus (P) desorption in soil amended with animal manure is needed because a build-up of P following repeated manure applications poses risks of offsite dissolved P discharges. An enzymatic hydrolysis and soil P desorption study was conducted to develop a novel ligand-based phytase-hydrolyzable P (PHP) method and quantify water-extractable uncomplexed and complexed P forms (i.e., bioactive P) in Unicorn and Christiana soils (Typic Hapludults). Extractability of inorganic P with ligands alone (LEP) increased from 2 and 22 mg kg(-1) (0.3 and 3.1 +/- 0.16% total P) up to sevenfold with increasing ligand (LIGND) concentrations in the order of CDTA = EDTA > DTPA much greater than oxalate. The LIGNDs nullified the benefits of using an anion sink in soil P desorption measurements. Soil organic P was hydrolyzed in situ by Aspergillus ficuum (Reichardt) Henn. phytase EC 3.1.3.8, corroborating the presence of myo-inositol phosphomonoesters; including IP6. Adding CDTA and EDTA increased phytases' efficacy and that of the PHP assay for measuring previously inaccessible complexed organic P; soil PHP increased from 2.3 and 6.4% to peak at 32.0 +/- 0.7 and up to 40.8 +/- 0.2% of total P in Unicorn and Christiana soils, respectively. In long-term manure-amended Christiana silt loam under orchardgrass-red clover stands, the LIGND-PHP method showed that repeated manure applications resulted in soil storage of unextractable complexed PHP and a buildup of inorganic LEP. Accumulation of LEP increases risks of mobilization of bioactive P in the top 10 cm of these soils. C1 USDA ARS, BARC East, AMBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC East, AMBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thdao@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 38 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1188 EP 1195 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 843MV UT WOS:000223088900031 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Nielsen, DC Reule, CA AF Halvorson, AD Nielsen, DC Reule, CA TI Nitrogen management - Nitrogen fertilization and rotation effects on no-till dryland wheat production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; YIELD; PRECIPITATION; EFFICIENCY; ECONOMICS; FALLOW; CROPS; SOIL AB No-till (NT) production systems, especially winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer crop-fallow, have increased in the central Great Plains, but few N fertility studies have been conducted with these systems. Therefore, winter wheat (W) response to N fertilization in two NT dryland crop rotations, wheat-corn (Zea mays L.)-fallow (WCF) and wheat-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)-fallow (WSF), on a Platner loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Aridic Palleustoll) was evaluated for 9 yr. Five N rates, 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg N ha(-1), were applied to each rotation crop. Wheat biomass and grain yield response to N fertilization varied with year but not with crop rotation, increasing with N application each year, with maximum yields being obtained with 84 kg N ha(-1) over all years. Based on grain N removal, N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) varied with N rate and year, averaging 86, 69, 56, and 46% for the 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg ha(-1) N rates, respectively. Grain protein increased with increasing N rate. Precipitation use efficiency (PUE) increased with N addition, leveling off above 56 kg N ha(-1). A soil plus fertilizer N level of 124 to 156 kg N ha(-1) was sufficient to optimize winter wheat yields in most years in both rotations. Application of more than 84 kg N ha(-1) on this Platner loam soil, with a gravel layer below 120 cm soil depth, would more than likely increase the amount of NO3-N available for leaching and ground water contamination. Wheat growers in the central Great Plains need to apply N to optimize dryland wheat yields and improve grain quality, but need to avoid over-fertilization with N to minimize NO3-N leaching potential. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1196 EP 1201 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 843MV UT WOS:000223088900032 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Runion, GB Torbert, HA Erbach, DC AF Prior, SA Runion, GB Torbert, HA Erbach, DC TI A hydraulic coring system for soil-root studies SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Reliable sampling of belowground components in the field is essential to agroecosystem research. Factors such as hardpans and dry soil conditions often increase sampling time and impede adequate sampling. The objective was to design and construct a soil coring system for rapid field sampling that minimized such limitations. Cores were extracted using a custom-made telescoping hydraulic cylinder device assisted by a hydraulic post driver mounted to the front of a small tractor. The telescoping device inserted the core tube into the ground, and the post driver was activated only when insertion had been slowed or stopped. The tractor's hydraulics powered the telescoping device and the post driver; both were controlled by the tractor operator. Custom driving heads were constructed to fit the upper end of core tubes to collect large-diameter soil samples (25 cm diam. by 0.6 m deep) or small samples (3.8 cm diam. by 1.0 m deep). As many as 14 large cores or 24 small cores per hour could be collected with this system. The coring system has been successfully used on various soil types and to sample both agricultural and forest sites for a number of experimental objectives. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM sprior@acesag.auburn.edu NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1202 EP 1205 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 843MV UT WOS:000223088900033 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Cox, R AF Elzen, PJ Cox, R TI Compatibility of co-application of disease control patties with supplemental syrup SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE honey bees; disease; supplemental feeding ID OXYTETRACYCLINE AB Co-application of oxytetracycline-patties with supplemental syrup feeding had no negative effect on patty consumption. Rather, patty consumption significantly increased with co-application of syrup, compared with colonies which received patties alone. Such a common management practice as described thus confirms advisability of combining disease control and feeding tasks, saving beekeeper time, effort, and money. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Grp, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Grp, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 144 IS 7 BP 517 EP 518 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832OY UT WOS:000222278000007 ER PT J AU Peabody, E AF Peabody, E TI SMR - This honey of a trait protects bees from deadly mites SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Reprint C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Peabody, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Unit, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 144 IS 7 BP 544 EP 545 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832OY UT WOS:000222278000015 ER PT J AU Loper, GM AF Loper, GM TI The "rock polishing" behavior of worker honey bees SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Loper, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 144 IS 7 BP 549 EP 550 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832OY UT WOS:000222278000017 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Smith, IB Collins, AM Pettis, JS Feldlaufer, MF AF Chen, YP Smith, IB Collins, AM Pettis, JS Feldlaufer, MF TI Detection of deformed wing virus infection in honey bees, Apis mellifera L., in the United States SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MITE VARROA-JACOBSONI; PARALYSIS VIRUS; COLONIES; PCR; PATHOGENS; COLLAPSE; OUD AB Using molecular methods we provide evidence of the first detection of deformed wing virus (DWV) infection in the U.S. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), DWV was detected in different stages of honey bees, including adult bees with deformed wings, normal-appearing adult bees, eggs, larvae, and pupae. While the virus was also detected in the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, the detection of DWV in eggs and larvae suggests there are alternate ways for the virus to spread within colonies. The detection of virus in normal-appearing adults also suggests that virus titers may have to reach certain levels in pupae before the infection is manifested by deformed wings. C1 USDA, ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chenj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 144 IS 7 BP 557 EP 559 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832OY UT WOS:000222278000020 ER PT J AU Rinderer, T De Guzman, L Sylvester, HA AF Rinderer, T De Guzman, L Sylvester, HA TI Re-examination of the accuracy of a detergent solution for varroa mite detection SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ETHER-ROLL; FLUVALINATE; JACOBSONI; BEEHIVES; AMITRAZ AB Three methods for detecting varroa mites on adult honey bees were re-examined using large sample sizes: 1) hand-stirred in 70% ethanol for one minute, 2) hand-stirred in detergent solution for one minute, and 3) mechanical agitation using detergent solution for 30 minutes. Our results showed that the use of dishwashing detergent is an effective and economical alternative to alcohol for mite detection on adult bees. We conclude that shaking the bees with a mechanical shaker makes the method more accurate. C1 USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Rinderer, T (reprint author), USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 144 IS 7 BP 560 EP 562 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832OY UT WOS:000222278000021 ER PT J AU Molldrem, KL Li, JL Simon, PW Tanumihardjo, SA AF Molldrem, KL Li, JL Simon, PW Tanumihardjo, SA TI Lutein and beta-carotene from lutein-containing yellow carrots are bioavailable in humans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lutein; beta-carotene; bioavailability; carotenoids; carrots; supplements ID MACULAR PIGMENT DENSITY; RETINOL CONCENTRATIONS; PLASMA; DIETARY; SERUM; SUPPLEMENTATION; ZEAXANTHIN; LYCOPENE; VEGETABLES; COLOR AB Background: Lutein is a hydroxy-carotenoid constituting the macular pigment of the human retina. Increasing lutein intake from foods could increase the density of this pigment and decrease the risk of developing macular degeneration. Yellow carrots are a novel food source that could increase lutein consumption. Objective: We evaluated and compared lutein uptake and clearance in humans from genetically selected lutein-containing yellow carrots fed chronically and from a lutein supplement. Design: Four women and 5 men aged 23-28 y participated in this randomized, blinded, 3 x 3 crossover intervention. Treatments consisted of yellow carrots (YC treatment, 1.7 mg lutein/d), white carrots as a negative control (WC treatment, 0 mg lutein/d), and a lutein supplement in oil as a positive control (LS treatment, 1.7 mg lutein/d). Each treatment lasted 7 d and was followed by a 7-d washout period. Results: Mean (+/-SD) peak changes in serum lutein concentration from baseline were 0.31 +/- 0.08, 0.19 +/- 0.08, and -0.04 +/- 0.04 mumol/L for the LS, YC, and WC treatments, respectively. The areas under the curve for 0-14 d (AUC(0-14d),) differed significantly (P < 0.0001) between treatments. Lutein from the YC treatment was 65% as bioavailable as that from the LS treatment. The AUC(0-14d) for beta-carotene (-0.01 +/- 0.28 mumol (.) d/L) also showed that the YC treatment maintained peak serum beta-carotene concentrations at 0.35 +/- 0.30 mumol/L, whereas the LS treatment did not(AUC(0-14d) = -0.71 +/- 0.59 mumol (.) d/L). Conclusion: Lutem from this novel food source significantly increases serum lutein concentrations and does not result in the decrease in beta-carotene concentrations that accompanies administration of lutein supplements. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nutrit Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Integrated Grad Program Nutrit Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP Tanumihardjo, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nutrit Sci, 1415 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sherry@nutrisci.wisc.edu RI Li, Jialiang/B-9132-2014 OI Li, Jialiang/0000-0002-9704-4135 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 80 IS 1 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 830NB UT WOS:000222128000021 PM 15213039 ER PT J AU Booth, SL Golly, I Sacheck, JM Roubenoff, R Dallal, GE Hamada, K Blumberg, JB AF Booth, SL Golly, I Sacheck, JM Roubenoff, R Dallal, GE Hamada, K Blumberg, JB TI Effect of vitamin E supplementation on vitamin K status in adults with normal coagulation status SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin K; vitamin E; proteins induced by vitamin K absence; PIVKA-II; coagulation ID HEALTHY OLDER-ADULTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; BETA-CAROTENE; DIETARY; PLASMA; PHYLLOQUINONE; DEFICIENCY; WARFARIN AB Background: Cases of enhanced anticoagulant effect in response to high-dose vitamin E supplementation have been reported among patients taking oral anticoagulants. Although a vitamin E-vitamin K interaction was proposed to underlie this effect, it has not been systematically investigated in adults with normal baseline coagulation status. Objective: The objective was to study the effect of 12 wk of supplementation with 1000 IU RRR-alpha-tocopherol/d on biochemical measures of vitamin K status in men and women not taking oral anticoagulants. Design: Vitamin K status, which was assessed with the use of plasma phylloquinone concentrations, the degree of under-gamma-carboxylation of prothrombin (proteins induced by vitamin K absence-factor 11, PIVKA-II), and the percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), was determined in 38 men and women with rheumatoid arthritis (study A) and in 32 healthy men (study B) participating in 2 independent, 12-wk randomized clinical trials of vitamin E supplementation (1000 IU/d). Results: Mean ( +/- SD) PIVKA-II increased from 1.7 +/- 1.7 to 11.9 +/- 16.1 ng/mL (P < 0.001) in study A and from 1.8 +/- 0.6 to 5.3 +/- 3.9 ng/mL (P < 0.001) in study B in response to 12 wk of vitamin E supplementation. An increase in PIVKA-II is indicative of poor vitamin K status. In contrast, the other measures of vitamin K status (ie, plasma phylloquinone concentration and percentage of ucOC) did not change significantly in response to the supplementation. Conclusions: High-dose vitamin E supplementation increased PIVKA-II in adults not receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. The clinical significance of these changes warrants further investigation, but high doses of vitamin E may antagonize vitamin K. Whether such an interaction is potentially beneficial or harmful remains to be determined. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin K Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Munich, Walther Straub Inst Pharmakol & Toxikol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Saga Nutraceut Res Inst, Saga, Japan. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin K Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu NR 49 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 80 IS 1 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 830NB UT WOS:000222128000023 PM 15213041 ER PT J AU Lulai, EC AF Lulai, EC TI Proceedings from the symposium: Recent advances in the physiology of tuberization and dormancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Lulai, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 81 IS 4 BP 251 EP 251 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850XP UT WOS:000223648000003 ER PT J AU Suttle, JC AF Suttle, JC TI Physiological regulation of potato tuber dormancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physiology of Tuberization and Tuber Dormancy CY AUG 11, 2003 CL Spokane, WA SP Potato Assoc Amer DE hormones; postharvest; Solanum tuberosum; sprouting; storage ID CIS-ZEATIN RIBOSIDE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; ABSCISIC-ACID; SPROUT GROWTH; CELL-CYCLE; ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLINS; MICROTUBER DORMANCY; POSTHARVEST CHANGES; SEASONAL PATTERN; INHIBITOR-BETA AB At harvest, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers are dormant and will not sprout. As the period of postharvest storage is extended, tuber dormancy is broken and sprout growth commences. The loss of tuber dormancy and onset of sprout growth is accompanied by numerous biochemical changes, many of which are detrimental to the nutritional and processing qualities of potatoes. Endogenous hormones have been proposed to play a significant role in tuber dormancy regulation. The involvement of all major classes of endogenous hormones in tuber dormancy is reviewed. Based on available evidence, it is concluded that both ABA and ethylene are required for dormancy induction, but only ABA is needed to maintain bud dormancy. An increase in cytokinin sensitivity and content appear to be the principal factors leading to the loss of dormancy. Changes in endogenous PAA and GA content appear to be more closely related to the regulation of subsequent sprout growth. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM suttlej@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 75 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 27 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 81 IS 4 BP 253 EP 262 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850XP UT WOS:000223648000004 ER PT J AU Ewing, EE Simko, I Omer, EA Davies, PJ AF Ewing, EE Simko, I Omer, EA Davies, PJ TI Polygene mapping as a tool to study the physiology of potato tuberization and dormancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physiology of Tuberization and Tuber Dormancy CY AUG 11, 2003 CL Spokane, WA SP Potato Assoc Amer DE QTL; Solanum tuberosum; Solanum berthaultii; hormone; review ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L; QTL ANALYSIS; TRANSCRIPT LEVELS; 20-OXIDASE GENE; PHOTOPERIOD; EXPRESSION; PLANTS AB Efforts to breed for the ability to tuberize under long days or for the length of tuber dormancy should benefit not only from information on the location of genes associated with these traits, but also from an understanding of the hormones the genes control. Understanding the role of the respective genes is a logical step in developing the best breeding strategy, both for conventional breeding and for gene transfer using molecular techniques. Polygene mapping affords a way to achieve such understanding and is also a tool to study the physiology of potato tuberization and potato tuber dormancy. The addition of DNA markers to a plant population facilitates the mapping of polygenes that control quantitatively inherited traits segregating in the population. A quantitative trait locus denotes a region of chromosome that is linked to the marker gene and which has a significant effect on the quantitative trait under study. Our approach has been to find the quantitative trait loci associated with tuberization and tuber dormancy in a segregating diploid population, and then to map the population for quantitative trait loci associated with levels of hormone; implicated in the control of these two traits. We are using a population derived from a hybrid between haploid Solanum tuberosum and S. berthaultii that was backcrossed to a different haploid S. tuberosum. We have found ten quantitative trait loci for the ability to tuberize under long days and eight quantitative trait loci for tuber dormancy. In the same population we have found one or more quantitative trait loci for polyamines, abscisic acid, tuberonic acid, tuberonic acid glucoside, zeatin riboside, and gibberellin A,. Some of the hormone quantitative trait loci have coincided with quantitative trait loci for tuberization or dormancy. Implications of such commonality are discussed, along with the usefulness and limitations of the methods. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Res Ctr, Prod & Cultivat Med & Aromat Plants Dept, Cairo, Egypt. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ewing, EE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM EEE1@cornell.edu RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012; OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477; Omer, Elsayed/0000-0001-5375-8585 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 81 IS 4 BP 281 EP 289 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850XP UT WOS:000223648000007 ER PT J AU Rhoades, CC Miller, SP Shea, MM AF Rhoades, CC Miller, SP Shea, MM TI Soil properties and soil nitrogen dynamics of prairie-like forest openings and surrounding forests in Kentucky's Knobs Region SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MONTANE ECUADOR; RESTORATION; BARRENS; OHIO AB Herbaceotis communities located within forest openings increase plant. species diversity of forests in the Knobs Region of Kentucky Although these grass-dominated communities are protected and managed for rare plant species conservation, it is unclear how soil conditions may delineate the grassland-forest boundary. We compared soil chemical and physical properties and soil nitrogen pools and transformations of three forest openings with those in the Surrounding forest and tire wooded edge separating the grassland and forest communities. Soil pH, extractable cations, bulk density and Silt Content were higher in openings compared to forest soils and extractable phosphorus was lower. In forest-opening grasslands, total soil nitrogen and the availability and production of plant-available N were 25 to 50% of levels in adjacent forest. Soils of the woody edge were similar to the Surrounding forest. Our results suggest that the presence of these calcareous glade openings is highly correlated with edaphic conditions, So that efforts to expand rare plant habitat may be constrained by the distinct soils of these forest openings. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Rhoades, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM crhoades@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 7 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 152 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0001:SPASND]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836OB UT WOS:000222564100001 ER PT J AU Rumble, MA Gobeille, JE AF Rumble, MA Gobeille, JE TI Avian use of successional cottonwood (Populus deltoides) woodlands along the middle Missouri River SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; NORTH-DAKOTA; BIRDS; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; DENSITIES; HABITATS; AVIFAUNA; COLORADO AB Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) woodlands are important habitats for birds. Yet, little is known of the relations between bird habitat and succession in these woodlands. We studied the bird community in cottonwood woodlands front early to late seral stages along the Missouri River in central South Dakota from 1990 to 1992 to describe quantitative relations between avifauna and ecological patterns Of Succession in cottonwood woodlands along the Missouri River. The vegetation in the early seral cottonwood was characterized by a high density of seedlings and saplings that were restricted to narrow bands along the rivers. Late seral cottonwoods were characterized by a few large old trees that extended across the flood plain. Seventy-nine percent of the bird species were woodland obligates. Birds that nest in trees or cavities were the most common, while shrub and ground nesting birds were relatively uncommon. Total bird abundance, species diversity species richness, richness of woodland obligates, abundance in the tree-nesting guild, abundance in the cavity-nesting guild and abundance in the shrub-nesting guild were greater (P < 0.01) in laic and late intermediate seral cottonwood stands. Patterns of bird use in cottonwood seral stages by individual species were less evident. Several species were more abundant (P < 0.08) in late or late intermediate seral cottonwood and no species were more abundant (P > 0.10) in early or early intermediate seral cottonwood. Bell's vireos (Vireo belli), indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) and brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum) occured predominantly in early or early intermediate seral stages, but no significant differences among seral stages were noted. Expanses of late seral cottonwood on flood plains will likely decline because controlled river flows reduce flooding that is necessary for cottonwood regeneration. Cottonwood regeneration was evident only in narrow bands along the river channels. Cavity nesting species will be the most negatively affected by loss of late seral cottonwood. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ctr Great Plains Ecosyst Res, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Rumble, MA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ctr Great Plains Ecosyst Res, 1730 Samco Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 152 IS 1 BP 165 EP 177 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0165:AUOSCP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836OB UT WOS:000222564100013 ER PT J AU Sutker, EM Redlin, SC AF Sutker, EM Redlin, SC TI The curl next door SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Sutker, EM (reprint author), USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 BP 300 EP 301 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 830AK UT WOS:000222093800003 ER PT J AU Schneider, MJ Chen, GY AF Schneider, MJ Chen, GY TI Time-resolved luminescence screening assay for tetracyclines in chicken muscle SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE time-resolved luminescence; tetracyclines; chicken muscle; chlortetracycline; europium-sensitized luminescence ID TERBIUM-SENSITIZED LUMINESCENCE; ANTIBIOTICS; RESIDUES; TISSUES; SERUM; CIPROFLOXACIN; FLUORESCENCE; IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLES; ANIMALS AB A time-resolved luminescence (TRL) assay was developed for effective screening of tetracyclines in chicken muscle at the European Union (EU) maximum residue level of 100ng g(-1). The method involves extraction of the tetracyclines with McIlvaine-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) buffer, centrifugation, solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up, formation of an Eu(III) complex, and then measurement of the TRL signal at 615 nm (excitation at 388 nm). Samples fortified with tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC) or chlortetracycline (CTC) gave a linear response over the range of 0-1000 ng g(-1) with relative sensitivities 5.4x, 2.4x, and 1x, respectively. Limits of detection for TC, OTC, and CTC were 3.5, 8, and 19 ng g(-1), respectively. Examination of the least sensitive case, CTC, showed no overlap between the TRL of control chicken extracts and those that had been fortified with 100 ng g(-1) CTC. The within-day variation for these samples averaged 3.1% relative standard deviation (RSD), as did the day-to-day variation. The method was tested with blind control and fortified samples over the range of 20-500 ng g(-1) CTC to illustrate its utility. Other veterinary drugs approved for chickens in the US (enrofloxacin, nicarbazin, tylosin) did not interfere. This method can provide a useful alternative to microbial screening assays for tetracyclines. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Schneider, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mschneider@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2067 EP 2078 DI 10.1081/AL-200026679 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 857ZW UT WOS:000224160800005 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Kraeling, RR AF Barb, CR Kraeling, RR TI Role of leptin in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in farm animals SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Internation Congress on Animal Reporduction CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Porto Seguro, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Coll Anim Reprod DE neuroendocrine; leptin; gonadotropin ID GROWTH-HORMONE SECRETION; MODULATING NEUROENDOCRINE FUNCTION; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y RELEASE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NORMAL FEMALE MICE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GENE-EXPRESSION; FOOD-INTAKE; SERUM LEPTIN AB The recently discovered protein, leptin, which is secreted by fat cells, has been implicated in regulation of feed intake or energy balance and the neuroendocrine axis in rodents, humans and large domestic animals. Leptin was first identified as the gene product found to be deficient in the obese (ob/ob) mouse. Administration of leptin to ob/ob mice restored reproduction as well as reducing feed intake and causing weight loss. The leptin receptor (LR) which has been cloned and is a member of the class I cytokine family of receptors, is found in the brain and pituitary of all species studied to date. Neuropeptide Y has been proposed as the primary mediator of leptin action in the hypothalamus to regulate luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) secretion. In vitro studies using both hypothalamic explants and pituitary cell culture provided evidence that supports a direct action of leptin at the level of brain and pituitary gland in the pig, but only the pituitary in cattle. Central administration of leptin increased LH secretion in the fasted cow and ewe, but not in control fed animals, indicating that metabolic state is an important factor in modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary response to leptin. Changing serum leptin concentrations and leptin mRNA expression were associated with onset of puberty in heifers and gilts. Thus, leptin appears to be an important link between metabolic status and the neuroendocrine axis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rbarb@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 77 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 82-3 SI SI BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.032 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 845PS UT WOS:000223257400013 PM 15271450 ER PT J AU Lewis, GS AF Lewis, GS TI Steroidal regulation of uterine immune defenses SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Internation Congress on Animal Reporduction CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Porto Seguro, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Coll Anim Reprod DE uterus; infections; progesterone; prostaglandins; eicosanoids ID PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS; BOVINE ENDOMETRIAL CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ESTROUS-CYCLE; INFECTIOUS BACTERIA; SHEEP UTERUS; INTERLEUKIN-8 PRODUCTION; FETAL MEMBRANES; POSTPARTUM EWES; LUTEAL FUNCTION AB Progesterone suppresses uterine immune defenses and predisposes postpartum animals to nonspecific uterine infections. Progesterone can also suppress uterine eicosanoid synthesis. This effect of progesterone seems to be an important factor in the onset of uterine infections because eicosanoids can enhance uterine immune defenses. In fact, exogenous prostaglandin F-2alpha (PGF(2alpha)), an eicosanoid that stimulates uterine PGF(2alpha) production, enhances uterine immune defenses and promotes the ability of ewes and sows to resolve uterine infections, even when progesterone is maintained at luteal phase concentrations. Prostaglandin F-2alpha is also a proinflammatory molecule that stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and may enhance uterine production of leukotriene B-4 (LTB4), which stimulates various neutrophil functions. Neutrophils seem to mount the initial response to bacteria that enter the uterus, and proinflammatory cytokines and LTB4 enhance phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Even though there are clear associations among PGF(2alpha), LTB4, proinflammatory cytokines, phagocytosis, and the ability of the uterus to resist or resolve infections, the mechanisms of action of exogenous PGF(2alpha) in mitigating the immunosuppressive effects of progesterone have not yet been defined. However, defining the PGF(2alpha) mechanisms should yield important new information that can be used to develop novel prevention and treatment strategies that do not rely on antibiotic and antimicrobial compounds for managing uterine infections. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Lewis, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62 Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM glewis@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 82-3 SI SI BP 281 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.026 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 845PS UT WOS:000223257400023 PM 15271460 ER PT J AU Poulos, SP Azain, MJ Hausman, GJ AF Poulos, SP Azain, MJ Hausman, GJ TI Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during gestation and lactation does not alter sow performance or body weight gain and adiposity in progeny SO ANIMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE conjugated linoleic acid; gestation; lactation; porcine; adipose ID FATTY-ACID; 3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTES; INHIBITS DIFFERENTIATION; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; CARCASS TRAITS; FINISHING PIGS; MEAT QUALITY; DAIRY-COWS; FETAL PIG; TISSUE AB The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in pigs exposed to CLA during fetal and neonatal growth. Sows were fed a diet with 0.83% soy oil or 0.83% CLA-60 containing 60% active CLA isomers from either d 40 ( group 1; CON n = 8, CLA n = 6) or d 75 ( group 2; CON n = 8, CLA n = 8) of gestation through weaning on d 28. Within group 1, one male and one female piglet per litter ( CON n = 6, CLA n = 5) were sacrificed within 24 hours of birth ( d 0) and body weights recorded. Semitendinosus muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and organs, including heart, liver, lung, kidney, brain were weighed and tissue samples were frozen. Two average weight barrows and two gilts per litter were weaned and fed standard diets without added CLA until market weight. CLA did not alter sow's feed intake during gestation or lactation, body weight or backfat thickness, and litter size and weight at birth (P > 0.05). CLA decreased newborn pig heart, but not backfat or semitendinosus muscle weights relative to their body weights ( d 0). CLA decreased pre-weaning weight in selected piglets but this was not maintained post-weaning. CLA decreased total milk fat by 17% (P < 0.01) and resulted in an increase in the relative amount of saturated fatty acids and a decrease in the relative amount of unsaturated fatty acids in milk on d 21 of lactation ( P < 0.05). Decreases in growth rates until d 14 may be due to decreased fat in sow's milk since growth rate and body weight of selected progeny did not differ post-weaning. Serum from newborn CLA pigs suppressed relative preadipocyte number and did not change lipid filling in stromal-vascular cell cultures. The response to this serum was greater in females than in males (P-Diet = 0.04; P-Diet x Gender = 0.04). Thus, there do not seem to be any long-term effects on growth and body composition of market weight pigs given 0.5% CLA through weaning that would be beneficial in a production scheme. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Foods & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ghausman@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013; OI Poulos, Sylvia/0000-0002-4476-6679 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1627-3583 J9 ANIM RES JI Anim. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 53 IS 4 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1051/animres:2004022 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 870LT UT WOS:000225059300003 ER PT J AU Williams, DF deShazo, RD AF Williams, DF deShazo, RD TI Biological control of fire ants: an update on new techniques SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE MICROSPORIDIA; DECAPITATING FLIES DIPTERA; FLY PSEUDACTEON-CURVATUS; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; UNITED-STATES; DAGUERREI HYMENOPTERA; INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; SOUTH-AMERICA AB Objective: To review the present understanding of biological control methods for imported fire ants (IFAs). Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, Biological Abstracts, and the US Department of Agriculture Formis Ant Literature database. Study Selection: All articles published in the last 10 years on biological control of fire ants were selected. Results: The decapitating flies Pseudacteon tricuspis, Pseudacteon curvatus, and Pseudacteon litoralis have been successfully released in the United States. The continued releases of multiple species of decapitating flies will expand the area of impact, applying greater pressure on IFA populations throughout the southern United States. The microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae causes the slow demise of a fire ant colony. The advantages of T solenopsae as a biological control agent include debilitation of queens, specificity for IFAs, self-sustaining infections, and lower relative tolerance to chemical pesticides. Solenopsis daguerrei has also been shown to have detrimental effects on IFA colony growth, the number of sexual reproductives produced, and the number of host queens in multiple queen colonies; however, this parasite is difficult to rear in the laboratory and to introduce into IFA colonies. Conclusions: It is unlikely that IFAs can be completely eradicated from the United States. However, technology using chemicals and/or natural control agents could eventually maintain populations at low levels if an integrated approach is used for control. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM dwilliams@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 EI 1534-4436 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 841FA UT WOS:000222913500004 PM 15281467 ER PT J AU Frantz, JM Cometti, NN Bugbee, B AF Frantz, JM Cometti, NN Bugbee, B TI Night temperature has a minimal effect on respiration and growth in rapidly growing plants SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Latuca sativa; Lycopersicum esculentum; Glycine max; carbon use efficiency; R : P ratio; whole-canopy CO2 gas-exchange; Q(10); respiration; night temperature; photosynthesis; growth and maintenance respiration ID LEAF DARK RESPIRATION; ROOT RESPIRATION; CO2 CONCENTRATION; LONG-TERM; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; CARBOHYDRATE STATUS; QUANTUM YIELD; WHITE CLOVER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Background and Aims Carbon gain depends on efficient photosynthesis and adequate respiration. The effect of temperature on photosynthetic efficiency is well understood. In contrast, the temperature response of respiration is based almost entirely on short-term (hours) measurements in mature organisms to develop Q(10) values for maintenance and whole-plant respiration. These Q(10) values are then used to extrapolate across whole life cycles to predict the influence of temperature on plant growth. Methods In this study, night temperature in young, rapidly growing plant communities was altered from 17 to 34 degreesC for up to 20 d. Day temperature was maintained at 25 degreesC. CO2 gas-exchange was continuously monitored in ten separate chambers to quantify the effect of night-temperature on respiration, photosynthesis and the efficiency of carbon gain (carbon use efficiency). Key Results Respiration increased only 20-46 % for each 10 degreesC rise in temperature (total respiratory Q(10) of between 1.2 to about 1.5). This change resulted in only a 2-12 % change in carbon use efficiency, and there was no effect on cumulative carbon gain or dry mass. No acclimation of respiration was observed after 20 d of treatment. Conclusions These findings indicate that whole-plant respiration of rapidly growing plants has a small sensitivity to temperature, and that the sensitivity does not change among the species tested, even after 20 d of treatment. Finally, the results support respiration models that separate respiration into growth and maintenance components. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Crop Physiol Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Escola Agrotecn Fed Colatina, BR-29709910 Colatina, ES, Brazil. RP Frantz, JM (reprint author), Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, ATRU, Mail Stop 604,2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM jonathan.frantz@utoledo.edu RI bugbee, bruce/I-5008-2012 NR 61 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 94 IS 1 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1093/aob/mch122 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838ZC UT WOS:000222752100017 PM 15159217 ER PT J AU Simmons, RB Scheffer, SJ AF Simmons, RB Scheffer, SJ TI Evidence of cryptic species within the pest Copitarsia decolora (Guenee) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; genetic variation; morphology; phylogeny; paraphyly ID DNA; AGROMYZIDAE; SEQUENCE; DIPTERA; LIMITS AB Copitarsia decolora (Guenee) is a widely distributed, highly polyphagous pest found throughout Central and South America. We examined multiple populations of C. decolora with the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI). We also investigated morphological variation in adult males sampled from these populations. COI evidence suggests that C. decolora is comprised of two cryptic lineages and is paraphyletic with respect to the Chilean C. naenoides (Butler). These two lineages, which are not completely geographically isolated, display high divergence in COI sequences compared with other members of Copitarsia and other insect pest species in general. Furthermore, these lineages also possess slight morphological differences in male genitalia; however, supporting information is necessary before the taxonomy of this species is revised. C1 Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, Nat Hist Museum, PSI,SEL, Washington, DC 20013 USA. USDA ARS, PSI, SEL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Simmons, RB (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, Nat Hist Museum, PSI,SEL, MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rsimmons@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 675 EP 680 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0675:EOCSWT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 837NO UT WOS:000222642400007 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Riddick, EN Williams, L Schotzko, DJ Logarzo, GA Jackson, CG AF Zhu, YC Riddick, EN Williams, L Schotzko, DJ Logarzo, GA Jackson, CG TI Potential of detection and identification of nymphal parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) of Lygus bugs (Heteroptera : Miridae) by using polymerase chain reaction and ITS2 sequence analysis techniques SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE nymphal parasitoid; Peristenus; Leiophron; Lygus bug ID SPECIES ANOPHELES-FREEBORNI; UNIFORMIS GAHAN HYMENOPTERA; LEIOPHRON-UNIFORMIS; TRANSCRIBED SPACER; MOLECULAR APPROACH; HOST PREFERENCES; HEMIPTERA; ALFALFA; BIOLOGY; POPULATIONS AB Ribosomal ITS2 DNA fragments were sequenced from four Peristenus species, two Leiophron species, and two Lygus species. Specific primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification were designed from ITS2 DNA sequences to separate each species from the others. Using this molecular approach, we were able to determine whether Lygns hesperus Knight and Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) were parasitized by Peristenus and Leiophron parasitoids. The PCR technique was very sensitive and could detect Peristenus stygicus Loan DNA at a concentration of 0.01 pg/mul or 7.5 X 10(-7) wasp DNA equivalents. Detection of P. stygicus eggs confirmed that early detection of parasitoids was possible. Parasitoid DNA was readily recovered from all L. hesperus nymphs that were parasitized by a single P. stygicus after 1 h of contact between the parasitoid and putative hosts. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a molecular technique for detecting parasitoids developing inside their hosts. C1 USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta State Res Ctr, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearig Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA ARS, So Amer Biol Control Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta State Res Ctr, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 743 EP 752 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0743:PODAIO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 837NO UT WOS:000222642400016 ER PT J AU Raina, AK Park, YI Lax, A AF Raina, AK Park, YI Lax, A TI Defaunation leads to cannibalism in primary reproductives of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera : rhinotermitidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE formosian subterranean termite; Coptotermes formosanus; cannibalism; gut fauna ID SOLDIER DIFFERENTIATION; SHIRAKI; MICROBIOTA AB Soon after swarming, the alates of the Formosan Subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), drop their wings, form tandem pairs, and look for new nesting sites to form incipient colonies. In approximate to10% of the several hundred incipient colonies kept in laboratory, both the male and female were found to cannibalize their progeny and die of starvation. Examination of such adults revealed that all of them had lost most of their got fauna, essential for the digestion of wood. We used antibiotic (gentamicin) and a combination of gentamicin and antiprotozoal (metronidazole) compounds during 2002 and 2003, respectively, to induce defaunation in 30-d-old adults after they had laid 30-40 eggs. The progeny of treated pairs compared with control pairs was significantly lower 30 and 60 d after treatment. Feeding oil these chemicals during 2003 caused total loss of spirochetes and one of the three flagellates, while the numbers of the other two flagellates were greatly reduced. It is suggested that, in the absence of gut fauna, the adult termites cannot effectively feed oil wood, and the ensuing hunger results in cannibalism of their progeny. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Raina, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM araina@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 753 EP 756 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0753:DLTCIP]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 837NO UT WOS:000222642400017 ER PT J AU Raina, A Osbrink, N Park, YI AF Raina, A Osbrink, N Park, YI TI Nymphs of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae): Aspects of formation and transformation SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Formosan subterranean termite; Coptotermes formosanus; nymphs ID COPTOTERMES-LACTEUS FROGGATT; GENUS RETICULITERMES ISOPTERA; ARMITERMES-EUAMIGNATHUS; CASTE DETERMINATION; ALATE PRODUCTION; FIELD COLONIES; REPRODUCTIVES; DIFFERENTIATION; MECHANISMS; NEOTENICS AB Mature colonies of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, like most other termite species, produce a reproductive caste in the form of nymphs that subsequently, give rise to alates. Temporal production of nymphs in C. formosanus was monitored in monthly collections from four field traps in New Orleans, LA. Nymphs were present throughout the year with peak numbers observed during October/November and May. Large nymphs first occurred in December and peaked in March. Fewer than 1.5% workers formed nymphs within 3 months after collection from the field and after removal of the preexisting nymphs. Collections from other colonies, kept in the laboratory for >2 yr, did not produce any nymphs. It is speculated that a nymph induction factor (NIF), possibly coming from a mature physogastric queen, elicits nymph formation. The same or a similar factor may also be responsible for further development of nymphs and their transformation to alates. In the absence of this latter factor, the nymphs, except those in the most advanced stage of development, are either cannibalized or transform into brachypteroid neotenics. A scheme for the formation and transformation of various developmental stages within each caste of C. formosanus is presented. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Raina, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM araina@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 757 EP 764 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0757:NOTFST]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 837NO UT WOS:000222642400018 ER PT J AU Woolfolk, SW Cohen, AC Inglis, GD AF Woolfolk, SW Cohen, AC Inglis, GD TI Morphology of the alimentary canal of Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae) adults in relation to microbial symbionts SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Chrysoperla rufilabris; gut; alimentary canal; yeast; symbiosis ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MECHANISM AB A study of the internal morphology of the alimentary canal of Chrysoperla rufilabris (Brumeister) adults in relation to yeast symbionts was conducted using light, scanning, and transmission electron and epifluorescence microscopy. The alimentary canal of field-collected adults possessed a single large (approximate to300-400 mum in length) diverticulum at the posterior end of the foregut. Although yeast cells (4.0-6.5 mum) were distributed throughout the alimentary canal, large numbers of blastically dividing cells (i.e., yeast) were observed within the diverticulum. The diverticulum interior was highly convoluted and folded transversely and longitudinally, and yeast cells were observed to accumulate within the folds. Large tracheal trunks were attached to the lateral side of the diverticulum, suggesting a high demand for gas exchange within this organ. The diverticulum was lined with cuticle, and the underlying tissues did not contain large amounts of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, or Golgi complex, indicating that minimal absorption occurred within this gut region. This suggested that the high potential for gas exchange in the diverticulum by the tracheal trunks was primarily to support yeast metabolic activity. All size classes (i.e., 0.1, 4.0, and 10.0 mum) of fluorescence particles ingested by newly eclosed adults eventually ended up in the midgut and hindgut regions, indicating that the foregut and/or diverticulum do not possess an absolute mechanism for retaining particles based on size. However, all size classes of the fluorescent particles typically persisted within the diverticulum. The evident confluence between the divertictilum lumen and the gut lumen suggested a free exchange or flow of fluids between these regions. The proventriculus (proximal to the diverticulum) was pronounced and consisted of a series of long "hairs," short "hairs," and small spine-like structures projecting into the midgut. Large numbers of yeast cells were observed in association with the proventricular hairs, and these hairs may play a role in the retention of yeast cells. The midgut possessed typical absorptive structures (i.e., microvilli), and large numbers of mitochondria, rough endoplasinic reticulum, and Golgi complex were observed in midgut epithelial cells. Because evidence indicated no or minimal absorption of nutrients within the diverticulum, it was concluded that nutritional factors provided by the yeast must be transferred to the midgut where absorption occurs. Large numbers of yeast cells enclosed within a well-developed peritrophic matrix were observed in the midgut, suggesting that the yeast themselves may serve as a source of nutrients. Whereas the exact mechanism by which yeast contribute to the nutrition of C. rufilabris adults was not determined, morphological evidence obtained in this study supported the hypothesis that chrysopids form a mutualistic symbiosis with yeast and that the esophageal diverticulum was a specialized structure for housing them. C1 Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Woolfolk, SW (reprint author), Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM inglisd@agr.gc.ca NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 796 EP 808 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0796:MOTACO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 837NO UT WOS:000222642400024 ER PT J AU De Leon, JH Jones, WA Morgan, DJW AF De Leon, JH Jones, WA Morgan, DJW TI Population genetic structure of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera : Cicadellidae), the vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa causing Pierce's disease in grapevines SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction; DNA fingerprinting; Homalodisca coagulata; geographic variation ID BUFFALOGRASS BUCHLOE-DACTYLOIDES; CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION; EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; RAPD VARIATION; F-STATISTICS; DIVERSITY; CALIFORNIA; DISTANCES; ALLELES AB In the current study, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers (p-13 and p-15) were used to estimate the population genetic structure of the sharpshooter Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Homopera: Cicadellidae). Eighteen populations from throughout the United States and a population from Tahiti, French Polynesia, were analyzed. Populations were arbitrarily assigned to three regions: Southeastern, southwestern, and western. Exact tests for population differentiation indicated highly significant differences in marker frequencies among the 18 populations with both primers. Analyses of molecular variance also indicated significant geographic structuring with both primers. A dendrogram based on Reynolds coancestry distance performed with p-15 clustered the U.S. populations into two main groups. The southeastern populations were grouped into one cluster and the southwestern and western populations into a second cluster. Within the western region, dendrograms produced with p-13 and p-15 showed in both cases that two populations (Edison and Bakersfield) clustered as outliers. The average divergence (D) among all populations was 0.099. Divergence values of 0.254, 0.103, and 0.102 were observed when comparing Bakersfield and the southeastern, southwestern, and western populations, respectively. Within the western region, D values for Bakersfield were 1.8- (p-13) and 2.4-fold (p-15) higher than the D of the western populations. The present results suggest that a subset of insects in California may have their origins in the southwestern region (Texas); furthermore, these results are suggestive of more than one founding event in California and/or biotypes or geographic races. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Mt Rubidoux Field Stn, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP De Leon, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 54 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 809 EP 818 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0809:PGSOHC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 837NO UT WOS:000222642400025 ER PT J AU Almeida, RPP Backus, EA AF Almeida, RPP Backus, EA TI Stylet penetration behaviors of Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae): EPG waveform characterization and quantification SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE blue-green sharpshooter; electrical penetration graph; electronic monitoring of insect feeding; probing; Xylella fastidiosa ID PIERCES DISEASE BACTERIUM; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; POTATO LEAFHOPPER; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA; EFFICIENT VECTOR; EMPOASCA-FABAE; AMINO-ACIDS; HOMOPTERA; TRANSMISSION AB We analyzed the probing (stylet penetration) behaviors of the sharpshooter leafhopper Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret) on grape with an alternating current (AC) electrical penetration graph (EPG) monitor. We characterized waveforms likely to represent stylet penetration pathway phase and xylem ingestion. The total probing duration of the cohort represented 68% of all 20-h monitoring periods for all insects, yet only a small proportion of that probing time was spent in high amplitude/pathway activities. Few changes in behavior occurred once a probe had started. This was shown by the low number of waveform events (i.e., uninterrupted occurrences of a behavior) per probe for each waveform type, which varied from a mean of 1-2.43. Conditional probability analysis supported that hypothesis, because insects usually terminated a probe and began a new one after ingestion-related events, rather than repeating in the same probe the previously performed waveforms. The size of grape leaves used for the assays directly influenced the amount of time insects ingested from xylem or performed other low-amplitude waveforms. Information from this work establishes benchmarks for future research addressing the mechanisms of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. transmission and sharpshooter ecology. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Backus, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Dis & Pests Res, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM ebackus@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 838 EP 851 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0838:SPBOGA]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 837NO UT WOS:000222642400029 ER PT J AU Eischen, FA Vergara, CH AF Eischen, FA Vergara, CH TI Natural products smoke and its effect on Acarapis woodi and honey bees SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE creosote bush; Larrea tridentata; smoke; Acarapis woodi; secondary plant products ID NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC ACID; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; DESERT GRASSHOPPER; CREOSOTEBUSH; VARROA; TANNINS; QUALITY; AMITRAZ; RENNIE; MITES AB We tested the effect natural products smoke has on the honey bee tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) and honey bees. Plant materials screened for activity included coffee beans (Coffea arabica), corncobs (Zea mays), creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.), orange peel (Citrus sinensis), pecan leaves (Carya illinoiensis), dead and fresh pine needles (Pinus cembroides), mesquite leaves (Prosopis glandulosa) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Low but significant mite mortality was caused by the smoke of pine needles, mesquite, corncobs, and coffee beans. The smoke of L. tridentata killed more adult A. woodi than other materials (LT50=2.4 min, single exposure). It was not effective against immatures. Mite mortality was negatively correlated with parasites/trachea, suggesting that reduced air flow while breathing may have reduced efficacy. Efficacy was modest (ca. 70%) and it caused transitory bee anesthesia. We do not recommend using this material as a control. C1 USDA ARS SARC, Honey Bee Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Americas Puebla, Dept Quim & Biol, Cholula 72820, Mexico. RP Eischen, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS SARC, Honey Bee Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM feischen@WESLACO.ARS.USDA.GOV; cvergara@mail.udlap.mx RI VERGARA, CARLOS/K-6646-2012 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1051/apido:2004026 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 851WR UT WOS:000223717700001 ER PT J AU Ellis, JD Hepburn, R Elzen, PJ AF Ellis, JD Hepburn, R Elzen, PJ TI Confinement of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida) by Cape honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; confinement; Cape honeybee; defense behavior ID SOCIAL ENCAPSULATION; EUROPEAN HONEYBEES; BEHAVIOR; BEE AB In this study we quantify small hive beetle (Aethina tumida. Murray) and Cape honeybee (A.m. capensis Esch., an African subspecies) behaviours that are associated with beetle confinement in an effort to understand why Cape bees can withstand large beetle infestations. Four observation hives were each inoculated with 25 beetles and were observed for 11-17 days. Data collected included guard bee (worker bees who guard beetle confinement sites) and confined beetle behaviour. There was considerable colony variation for many bee and beetle behaviours. Overall, there were more beetle guards during evening, which was likely an effort to keep increasingly active beetles contained. About one-fifth of the beetles were found at the comb periphery although the colonies suffered no ill effects. Although beetles reached the combs, the bees were able to prevent beetle reproduction. Our data suggest that confinement is more likely an initial defence against invading beetles and not the sole reason African subspecies of honeybees are usually immune to beetle infestations while European bees are not. C1 Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Ellis, JD (reprint author), Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. EM jamamellis@hotmail.com RI Ellis, James/L-7985-2013 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1051/apido:2004030 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 851WR UT WOS:000223717700007 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Pettis, JS Evans, JD Kramer, M Feldlaufer, MF AF Chen, YP Pettis, JS Evans, JD Kramer, M Feldlaufer, MF TI Transmission of Kashmir bee virus by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Kashmir bee virus; transmission; Varroa destructor; RT-PCR ID ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA L.; HONEY-BEE; JACOBSONI; COLONIES; PATHOGENS; INFECTIONS; COLLAPSE AB The ability of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor to transmit Kashmir bee virus (KBV) to the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) was investigated by exposing pupae from a KBV-negative colony to varying numbers of adult female mites from KBV-positive colonies. After five days, the virus status of pupae and the mites was determined by RT-PCR. There was a significant relationship between KBV-positive pupae and exposure to KBV-positive mites. No pupae were virus-positive when all the mites introduced into a given cell subsequently tested negative. Mites testing positive for KBV transmitted virus about 70% of the time. The percentage of KBV-positive V. destructor in a given cell also increased significantly, suggesting virus-free mites became virus-positive by cohabiting in the same cell with virus-positive mites, and we calculated the mite-to-mite transmission rate as 51%. There was 100% sequence identity of 415 bp KBV fragment amplified from bee pupae and mites, reflecting two isolates of the same virus source and supporting the conclusion of virus transmission from mite to bee pupae. C1 USDA, ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chenj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 29 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 13 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1051/apido:2004031 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 851WR UT WOS:000223717700013 ER PT J AU Guerra, A Mendonca, R Ferraz, A Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Guerra, A Mendonca, R Ferraz, A Lu, FC Ralph, J TI Structural characterization of lignin during Pinus taeda wood treatment with Ceripotiopsis subvermispora SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-ROT FUNGUS; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; DFRC METHOD; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; BIODEGRADATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CLEAVAGE; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; SOFTWOOD AB Pinus taeda wood chips were biotreated with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora under solid-state fermentation for periods varying from 15 to 90 days. Milled wood lignins extracted from sound and biotreated wood samples were characterized by wet-chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Treatment of the lignins by derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) made it possible to detect DFRC monomers and dimers that are diagnostic of the occurrence of arylglycerol-beta-o-aryl and beta-beta, beta-5, beta-1, and 4-O-5 units in the lignin structure. Quantification of these DFRC products indicated that beta-O-aryl cleavage was a significant route for lignin biodegradation but that beta-beta, beta-5, beta-1, and 4-O-5 linkages were more resistant to the biological attack. The amount of aromatic hydroxyls did not increase with the split of beta-O-4 linkages, suggesting that the beta-O-4 cleavage products remain as quinone-type structures as detected by UV and visible spectroscopy. Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques also indicated the formation of new substructures containing nonoxygenated, saturated aliphatic carbons (CH2 and CH3) in the side chains of lignins extracted from biotreated wood samples. C1 Fac Engn Quim Lorena, Dept Biotechnol, BR-12600000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Fac Engn Quim Lorena, Dept Biotechnol, CP116, BR-12600000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM aferraz@debiq.faenquil.br RI Mendonca, Regis/G-5174-2011; Ferraz, Andre/A-6484-2009; Oliveira, Nadir/H-3532-2015 OI Mendonca, Regis/0000-0002-6004-3841; NR 33 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 4073 EP 4078 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4073-4078.2004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 839BP UT WOS:000222758600038 PM 15240285 ER PT J AU Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Barrett, JB Ladely, SR AF Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Barrett, JB Ladely, SR TI Frects of tylosin use on erythromycin resistance in enterococci isolated from swine SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINCOSAMIDE-STREPTOGRAMIN-B; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; GROWTH PROMOTION; FAECIUM; PIGS; DETERMINANTS; MACROLIDE; DENMARK AB The effect of tylosin on erythromycin-resistant enterococci was examined on three farms; farm A used tylosin for growth promotion, farm B used tylosin for treatment of disease, and farm C did not use tylosin for either growth promotion or disease treatment. A total of 1,187 enterococci were isolated from gestation, farrowing, suckling, nursery, and finishing swine from the farms. From a subset of those isolates (n = 662), 59% (124 out of 208), 28% (80 out of 281), and 2% (4 out of 170) were resistant to erythromycin (MIC greater than or equal to 8 mug/ml) from farms A, B, and C, respectively. PCR analysis and Southern blotting revealed that 95% (65 out of 68) of isolates chosen from all three farms for further study were positive for ermB, but all were negative for ermA and ermC. By using Southern blotting, ermB was localized to the chromosome in 56 of the isolates while 9 isolates from farms A and B contained ermB on two similar-sized plasmid bands (12 to 16 kb). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the isolates were genetically diverse and represented a heterogeneous population of enterococci. This study suggests that although there was resistance to a greater number of enterococcal isolates on a farm where tylosin was used as a growth promotant, resistant enterococci also existed on a farm where no antimicrobial agents were used. C1 USDA ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jackson, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd,Richard B, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM cjackson@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 4205 EP 4210 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4205-4210.2004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 839BP UT WOS:000222758600055 PM 15240302 ER PT J AU McGarvey, JA Miller, WG Sanchez, S Stanker, L AF McGarvey, JA Miller, WG Sanchez, S Stanker, L TI Identification of bacterial populations in dairy wastewaters by use of 16S rRNA gene sequences and other genetic markers SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; MULTIPLEX PCR; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FECAL SAMPLES; HUMAN FECES AB Hydraulic flush waste removal systems coupled to solid/liquid separators and circulated treatment lagoons are commonly utilized to manage the large amounts of animal waste produced on high-intensity dairy farms. Although these systems are common, little is known about the microbial populations that inhabit them or how they change as they traverse the system. Using culture-based and non-culture-based methods, we characterized the microbial community structure of manure, water from the separator pit, and water from the circulated treatment lagoon from a large dairy in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Our results show that both total bacterial numbers and bacterial diversity are highest in manure, followed by the separator pit water and the lagoon water. The most prevalent phylum in all locations was the Firmicutes (low-G+C, gram-positive bacteria). The most commonly occurring operational taxonomic unit (OTU) had a 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequence 96 to 99% similar to that of Clostridium lituseburense and represented approximately 6% of the manure derived sequences, 14% of the separator pit-derived sequences and 20% of the lagoon-derived sequences. Also highly prevalent was an OTU with a 16S rDNA sequence 97 to 100% similar to that of Eubacterium tenue, comprising approximately 3% of the manure-derived sequences, 6% of the separator pit-derived sequences and 9% of the lagoon-derived sequences. Taken together, these sequences represent approximately one-third of the total organisms in the lagoon waters, suggesting that they are well adapted to this environment. C1 USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP McGarvey, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM McGarvey@pw.usda.gov NR 57 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 4267 EP 4275 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4267-4275.2004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 839BP UT WOS:000222758600063 PM 15240310 ER PT J AU Weinberg, ZG Muck, RE Weimer, PJ Chen, Y Gamburg, M AF Weinberg, ZG Muck, RE Weimer, PJ Chen, Y Gamburg, M TI Lactic acid bacteria used in inoculants for silage as probiotics for ruminants SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Interface of Chemistry and Biology (ICB 2003) CY APR 28-30, 2003 CL Trivandrum, INDIA ID LOW DRY-MATTER; MICROBIAL INOCULANTS; AEROBIC STABILITY; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; BEEF-CATTLE; DIGESTIBILITY; FERMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; GRASS; RUMEN AB Many studies have shown the beneficial effects on ruminant performance of feeding them with silages inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These benefits might derive from probiotic effects. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether LAB included in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF), as the first step in studying their probiotic effects. Experiments were conducted in the United States and Israel with clarified (CRF) and strained RF (SRF) that were inoculated at 10(6)-10(8)microorganisms/mL with and without glucose at 5 g/L. RF with no inoculants served as control. Ten commercial inoculants were used. The RF was incubated at 39degreesC and sampled in duplicates at 6,12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h for pH and LAB counts. The results indicate that with glucose the pH of the RF decreased during the incubation period. In the SRF, the pH of the inoculated samples was higher than that of the controls in most cases. This might be a clue to the mechanism by which LAB elicit the enhancement in animal performance. LAB counts revealed that the inoculants survived in the RF during the incubation period. The addition of glucose resulted in higher LAB counts. C1 Volcani Ctr, Dept Food Sci, Forage Preservat & By Prod Res Unit, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Weinberg, ZG (reprint author), Volcani Ctr, Dept Food Sci, Forage Preservat & By Prod Res Unit, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM zgw@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 17 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 11 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 118 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1385/ABAB:118:1-3:001 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 845XK UT WOS:000223278500002 PM 15304734 ER PT J AU Armijo, CB Gillum, AN Van Doorn, DW AF Armijo, CB Gillum, AN Van Doorn, DW TI Varying the number of blades on the roller-gin rotary knife SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE roller ginning; Pima cotton; fiber quality; cottonseed quality AB An experiment was run to determine the optimum number of blades and frequency of the rotary knife on a roller gin stand. The knife designs tested included a 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-blade rotary knife. Each knife design was run at a knife frequency of 14.5, 18.2, 24.2, 363, and 72.8 stroke/s. The criteria used for determining the optimum knife design included any damage to the seed or fiber, and differences in carryover and ginning rate. With respect to cottonseed properties, foreign matter content in the seed decreased as knife frequency increased, and seed linters content was highest at the highest knife frequency. With respect to fiber properties, foreign matter content in the lint decreased as the number of blades increased, and increased as the knife frequency increased. Fiber properties such as length, strength, uniformity, short fiber and nep content were not compromised by either rotary knife design or frequency. Ginning rate was highest at a knife frequency of 36.3 stroke/s. The recommended running frequency for the rotary knife is 36 stroke/s, and ginning with a 3-, 4-, or 6-blade design is acceptable. C1 USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, So Plains Area, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. Lummus Corp, Savannah, GA USA. RP Armijo, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, So Plains Area, POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM cararmij@nmsu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 399 EP 405 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 851DZ UT WOS:000223667000001 ER PT J AU Brushwood, DE AF Brushwood, DE TI Effects of raw cotton noncellulosic content and fiber rotorring friction on yarn ring spinning performance SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton; quality; production; performance; noncellulosic; extractions; sugars; waxes; metals; friction; ring spinning; adjusted skein break factor; single yarn strength; yellowness AB In the manufacturing of cotton textile goods, especially with modem high speed processing machinery, fiber noncellulosic surface related materials and naturally occurring metals may have significant effects on yam spinning efficiency and product quality. Chemical and physical tests were conducted on cottons originating from five domestic growing areas to determine reducing sugars, wax, total noncellulosic extractable contents, individual residual metal contents, and frictional measurements to determine possible correlations between these properties and ring yarn spinning production performance. Adjusted skein-break factor, single yam strength, and long thin place measurements were found to be highly related to fiber ethyl alcohol surface extractable materials and the total light metal content. Yarn yellowness (+b) was highly related to metal content. Process carding wastes correlated with increased raw fiber ash residues, potassium content, and the fiber-to-fiberfriction measurement. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Brushwood, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM dbrushw@clemson.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 407 EP 411 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 851DZ UT WOS:000223667000002 ER PT J AU Baker, KD Funk, PA Hughs, SE AF Baker, KD Funk, PA Hughs, SE TI Over-sized cyclones for low pressure cotton gin exhausts SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE dust; cotton ginning; pressure drop; cyclone separators AB Three cyclone separators were tested in a laboratory setting at four trash loading rates. Cyclone collection efficiency for over-sized cyclones was slightly less than the efficiency of a standard-sized cyclone, averaging 98.42% and 98.64%, respectively. Cyclone collection efficiency increased as trash loading rate increased, with average values ranging from 97.94% at a trash-loading rate of 2 g/m(3)(0.88 grain/ft(3)) to an average of 98.96% at a trash-loading rate of 16 g/m(3)(7.0 grain/ft(3)). Cyclone static pressure drops for over-sized cyclones were much less than those for standard-sized cyclones, with the static pressure drop in an over-sized cyclone averaging 28% of the value for a standard-sized cyclone. The authors concluded that, with their lower pressure drop, over-sized cyclones are more compatible than standard-sized cyclones for replacing lint baskets on low pressure airflow systems that use axial-flow fans. C1 USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Baker, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM kevibake@nmsu.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 413 EP 415 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 851DZ UT WOS:000223667000003 ER PT J AU Holt, GA Simonton, JL Beruvides, MG Canto, A AF Holt, GA Simonton, JL Beruvides, MG Canto, A TI Utilization of cotton gin by-products for the manufacturing of fuel pellets: An economic perspective SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE fuel pellet; COBY; gin waste; pellet stove; gin trash; economic analysis; energy AB The objective of this study was to explore the cost feasibility of creating a fuel pellet manufacturing operation utilizing cotton gin by-products from a commercial gin processing 55,000 bales of cotton per year An economic model was developed and evaluated in order to conservatively address the effects of key elements such as marketing, transportation, and manufacturing. The cost system model was developed and analyzed to examine the factors influencing the sensitivity of critical areas such as cost and profits. The cost system model simulated changes for 24 cost variables associated with the proposed fuel pellet operation. Results from the analysis indicate the probability of obtaining a 15% return on investment (ROI) varied depending on the mode of freight used to ship the product to any of the distribution hubs evaluated. If the product was shipped by truck, the ROI was 27.3%, or 49.1% when shipped by rail. Based upon the information contained in this study, it appears that a fuel pellet operation can be a viable means of utilizing cotton gin by-products to enhance revenue. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Simonton, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Rt 3,Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM gholt@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 423 EP 430 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 851DZ UT WOS:000223667000005 ER PT J AU Pinson, WT Yoder, DC Buchanan, JR Wright, WC Wilkerson, JB AF Pinson, WT Yoder, DC Buchanan, JR Wright, WC Wilkerson, JB TI Design and evaluation of an improved flow divider for sampling runoff plots SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE erosion; runoff; sedimentation; watershed AB Ail improved flow divider was designed to simplify and lower the cost of collecting runoff data from research plots. The system was designed around commercially available and inexpensive 5-gal (19-L) plastic buckets with screw top lids. A precision cut sheet-metal divider "crown" is fastened to the lid, allowing it to be easily transferred between buckets. The divider crown can be configured to handle various flow rates by specifying the number of flow divisions. Laboratory evaluation of the design indicated that the system divides runoff with accuracies within +/-5% over most of the flow range and within +/-15% at very low and very high flows. These results are similar to those found for the more traditional flow divider designs. Adding sediment to the inflow at three different flow rates yielded sediment division accuracies within 7%. Five field research projects have used the divider system with few problems. The average cost of this system is approximately US $500 per plot, in comparison to the US $3000 to $5000 it often costs to instrument a plot using standard equipment. C1 USDA ARS, NRCS, Nacogdoches Field Off, Nacogdoches, TX 75964 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci Dept, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Pinson, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, NRCS, Nacogdoches Field Off, 4609 NW Stallings Dr, Nacogdoches, TX 75964 USA. EM william.pinson@tx.usda.gov NR 10 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 433 EP 437 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 851DZ UT WOS:000223667000006 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC AF Zhang, XC TI CLIGEN non-precipitation parameters and their impact on WEPP crop simulation SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE CLIGEN; crop model; impact assessment; weather generator; WEPP ID WEATHER SIMULATION; MODELS; CLIMATE AB Physically based hydrologic and crop simulation models are often used to assess the potential impact of climate variations. Most simulation models require daily weather data, which are frequently synthesized using stochastic daily weather generators. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of the CLImate GENerator (CLIGEN) to generate non-precipitation parameters, including daily temperatures, solar radiation, and wind velocity at four Oklahoma stations and to assess the potential impacts of the generated parameters on simulated productivity of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) using the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model. Weather data measured by the National Weather Service and Oklahoma Mesonet at four stations with mean annual precipitation ranging from 420 to 1150 mm were used. Measured and deliberately synthesized climates were constructed for each site to isolate each variable's impact on predicted wheat yields. The WEPP model, which was calibrated using wheat yields and hydrological data collected at El Reno, Oklahoma, was run for four sites. Simulated wheat yield was sensitive to generated temperatures but was insensitive to solar radiation. Owing to its independency assumptions, CLIGEN did not preserve proper serial and cross correlations (day-to-day)for and between daily temperatures, solar radiation, and precipitation. The lack of proper correlations compounded by model and parameter errors altered yield prediction for individual years. However, the probability distribution of the predicted yields, including mean and standard deviation, was satisfactorily reproduced. This finding has the important implication that yield distribution rather than individual yield should be used when conducting impact assessment with this type of model. The mean absolute relative errors of the predicted yields using measured versus generated climates were 15.0% for non-interpolated and 13.8% for Fourier interpolated data. This result suggests that interpolated, time-continuous climate data are superior for natural systems simulations. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 447 EP 454 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 851DZ UT WOS:000223667000008 ER PT J AU Hanson, GJ Cook, KR AF Hanson, GJ Cook, KR TI Apparatus, test procedures, andanalytical methods to measure soil erodibility in situ SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE submerged jet; erodibility; testing; critical stress; erosion; open channel ID COHESIVE STREAMBEDS; SCOUR; EROSION; CHANNELS; DEVICE AB The assessment of the erodibility of soil materials is essential for analyzing and modeling rill, gully, streambed, streambank, spillway and embankment erosion. A submerged jet-testing apparatus has been developed and used for characterizing soil erodibility in several applications as cited in the literature. The apparatus has been developed based on knowledge of the hydraulic characteristics of a submerged jet and the characteristics of soil erodibility. The test is simple, quick, and relatively inexpensive to perform. The test is repeatable and gives consistent results. The coefficients obtained from the test results can be used in current equations to predict erosion. This article provides a description of the apparatus, methodology, and procedures for conducting jet tests in the field. An example case is also presented to illustrate the use of test results to predict erosion in an eat-then channel. The estimated average erosion, for the example case of an open channel test based on jet test results, was 15.7 cm (6.2 in.) and the measured average centerline erosion in the open channel flow test was 14.5 cm (5.7 in.). C1 USDA, ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA, NRCS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Hanson, GJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM greg.hanson@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 455 EP 462 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 851DZ UT WOS:000223667000009 ER PT J AU Shipitalo, MJ Nuutinen, V Butt, KR AF Shipitalo, MJ Nuutinen, V Butt, KR TI Interaction of earthworm burrows and cracks in a clayey, subsurface-drained, soil SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infiltration; preferential flow; macropores; sediment loss; subsurface drainage; water quality ID LUMBRICUS-TERRESTRIS L; WATER-MOVEMENT; SURFACE RUNOFF; TILE DRAINS; PHOSPHORUS; ABUNDANCE; MACROPOROSITY; CONSERVATION; INFILTRATION; TILLAGE AB Installation of subsurface tile lines in poorly drained soils is a beneficial management practice that enhances crop productivity. In some instances, however, they can contribute to offsite losses of agricultural chemicals and sediment in drain flow. Movement of these materials through soil macropores (earthworm burrows and cracks) has been shown to contribute to this phenomenon. In order to determine if there was any interaction between these two types of macropores and subsurface drains we investiuated water movement in a sandy clay field in southwest Finland that had I m-deep tile drains installed in the 1950s. Previous studies at this site suggested that cracks were important in terms of water movement and that Lumbricus terrestris L. populations were greater, and their burrows deeper, above the drains than in the area between drains. Mean infiltration rate for soil above the drains was twice that of the mid-drain position and the infiltration rates were positively correlated to L. terrestris numbers and biomass. Infiltration rates in individual L. terrestris burrows, measured with the plow layer removed to reduce the influence of cracks, ranged from 6 to 1043 ml min(-1) (average 358 nil min(-1)) and did not appear to be related to the position of the burrows relative to the buried tile. Consistently higher infiltration rates (average 1080 ml min(-1)) were noted when measurements were made with the plow layer intact. Dye poured into the cracks adjacent to these burrows indicated water movement to the base of the plow layer, which acted as a hydraulic barrier, followed by lateral movement until open earthworm burrows were encountered. Water movement to the depth of the tile was exclusively in L. terrestris burrows with 106 dyed burrows m(-2) observed 10 cm above the tile. These observations indicate that entry of water into this soil is probably dominated by cracks when it is dry enough for their formation, yet rapid movement of materials entrained by this flow to the subsurface drains depends on connection of the cracks to earthworm burrows. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Soils & Environm, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. Univ Cent Lancashire, Dept Environm Management, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. RP Shipitalo, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM martin@coshocton.ars.usda.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345; Butt, Kevin/0000-0003-0886-7795 NR 29 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 26 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.01.004 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 828YQ UT WOS:000222010100005 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA McGowan, PC Golden, NH Hatfield, JS Toschik, PC Lukei, RF Hale, RC Schmitz-Afonso, I Rice, CP AF Rattner, BA McGowan, PC Golden, NH Hatfield, JS Toschik, PC Lukei, RF Hale, RC Schmitz-Afonso, I Rice, CP TI Contaminant exposure and reproductive success of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Chesapeake Bay regions of concern SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EGGS; BIOACCUMULATION; PRODUCTIVITY; CONNECTICUT; RESIDUES AB The Chesapeake Bay osprey population has more than doubled in size since restrictions were placed on the production and use of DDT and other toxic organochlorine contaminants in the 1970s. Ospreys are now nesting in the most highly polluted portions of the Bay.. In 2000 and 2001, contaminant exposure and reproduction were monitored in ospreys nesting in regions of concern, including Baltimore Harbor and the Patapsco River, the Anacostia and middle Potomac rivers, and the Elizabeth River, and a presumed reference site consisting of the South, West, and Rhode rivers. A "sample egg" from each study nest was collected for contaminant analysis, and the fate of eggs remaining in each nest (n = 14-16/site) was monitored at 7- to 10-day intervals from egg incubation through fledging of young. Ospreys fledged young in regions of concern (observed success: 0.88-1.53 fledglings/active nest), although productivity was marginal for sustaining local populations in Baltimore Harbor and the Patapsco River and in the Anacostia and middle Potomac rivers. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE and many other organochlorine pesticides or metabolites, total PCBs, some arylhydrocarbon receptor-active PCB congeners and polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners, and perfluorooctanesulfonate were often greater in sample eggs from regions of concern compared to the reference site. Nonetheless, logistic regression analyses did not provide evidence linking marginal productivity to p,p'-DDE, total PCBs, or arylhydrocarbon receptor-active PCB congener exposure in regions of concern. In view of the moderate concentrations of total PCBs in eggs from the reference site, concerns related to new and emerging toxicants, and the absence of ecotoxicological data for terrestrial vertebrates in many Bay, tributaries, a more thorough spatial evaluation of contaminant exposure in ospreys throughout the Chesapeake may be warranted. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesepeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Barnett_Rattner@USGS.gov RI Schmitz-Afonso, Isabelle/D-2168-2013 NR 19 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 126 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-3160-0 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 826HU UT WOS:000221821000014 PM 15346786 ER PT J AU Nestel, D Nemny-Lavy, E Chang, CL AF Nestel, D Nemny-Lavy, E Chang, CL TI Lipid and protein loads in pupating larvae and emerging adults as affected by the composition of Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) meridic larval diets SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipid reserves; proteins; amino acids; sucrose; meridic larval diet; Medfly ID PUPAL CUTICLE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; FLIES DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; SELECTION; PATTERNS; SUCCESS; GROWTH AB The effects of sucrose and amino acid (aa) composition and concentration in meridic larval diets (e.g., partially defined at the chemical level) was examined on several parameters of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) development. Lipid and protein levels of pupating larvae and emerging adults were examined. Different sucrose concentrations in the diet had small effects upon most of the development parameters. However, sucrose concentration significantly affected the ability of larvae to accumulate lipid reserves and proteins. Adults emerging from the different sucrose diets did not significantly differ in their lipid contents and protein loads. Specific deletions of an from the diet, and general an concentration, had a strong effect upon the parameters of development and pupating larvae lipids and proteins. Glycine-deletion was the most deleterious, followed by the deletion of all non-essential aa, and serine. High an concentration in the diet has a detrimental effect upon development. Lipid contents in pupating larvae, and to some extent protein levels, were affected by an manipulations in the diet. Lipid and protein loads in emerging adults were not significantly affected by aa manipulations. Based on the analysis of lipid frequency distribution it is suggested that the Medfly seems to regulate the level of lipid content in emerging adults within a certain range, regardless of the larval diet history or lipid contents. Proteins do not seem to be regulated as are lipids. These results point to an interesting and unexpected metabolic regulation of energetic resources during metamorphosis of the Medfly. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Volcani Ctr, Inst Plant Protect, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Nestel, D (reprint author), Volcani Ctr, Inst Plant Protect, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM nestelc@agri.gov.il RI Nestel, David/A-4603-2010 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1002/arch.20000 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 833IB UT WOS:000222329500001 PM 15211548 ER PT J AU Liu, LP Zubik, L Collins, FW Marko, M Meydani, M AF Liu, LP Zubik, L Collins, FW Marko, M Meydani, M TI The antiatherogenic potential of oat phenolic compounds SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE avenanthramides; oats; antioxidants; adhesion molecules; IL-8; IL-6; MCP-1; endothelial cells ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION MOLECULE; AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; AVENA-SATIVA L.; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CHEMOTACTIC CYTOKINES; IN-VITRO; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AB Avenanthramides are phenolic antioxidants, which are present in oats. Avenanthramides A, B, and Care the major constituents of the total soluble antioxidant phenolic compounds in oats. We tested the potential antiatherogenic activity of partially purified avenanthramides from oats by examining their effects on adhesion of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) monolayers, expression of adhesion molecules, and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by HAEC. The oat avenanthramides mixture was prepared and partially purified by column chromatography. This avenanthramide-enriched mixture (AEM) had no toxicity to HAEC as tested up to 40 ng/ml. The pre-incubation of HAEC with 4, 20, and 40 ng/ml AEM for 24 h significantly decreased adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to interleukin (IL)-lbeta-stimulated HAEC in a concentration-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of HAEC with AEM at 20 and 40 mug/ml, but not at 4 mug/ml, for 24 h significantly suppressed IL-lbeta-stimulated expressions of intracellular adhesion molecule-l (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. These data provide evidence for the potential anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects of antioxidant avenanthramides present in oats. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ctr Expt Farm, Eastern Cereals & Oilseeds Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu RI Liu, Liping/D-3663-2009 NR 68 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 2004 VL 175 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.01.044 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 832QS UT WOS:000222282600006 PM 15186945 ER PT J AU Barnard, JC Chapman, EG Fast, JD Schmelzer, JR Slusser, JR Shetter, RE AF Barnard, JC Chapman, EG Fast, JD Schmelzer, JR Slusser, JR Shetter, RE TI An evaluation of the FAST-J photolysis algorithm for predicting nitrogen dioxide photolysis rates under clear and cloudy sky conditions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE NO2 photolysis; radiative transfer model; cloudy sky; cloud optical thickness; single scattering albedo ID ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENT; ACTINIC FLUX SPECTRORADIOMETRY; INTERCOMPARISON IPMMI; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MEXICO-CITY; NO2; AEROSOLS AB The FAST-J algorithm was developed to quickly and accurately calculate photolysis rates under both clear and cloudy sky conditions. In this paper, photolysis rates of nitrogen dioxide were calculated using FAST-J and compared with measurements taken at two sites in the United States: Phoenix, Arizona, and Houston, Texas. The measurements were derived from either an actinic flux filter radiometer (Phoenix) or a spectroradiometer (Houston). A sun photometer sited nearby these radiometers provided irradiance measurements from which aerosol and cloud optical thicknesses were obtained. Aerosol single scattering albedo was not known, but was taken to be either 0.79 or 0.94, representative of either soot- or sulfate-like aerosols, respectively. These optical properties served as input to the FAST-J algorithm, which in turn was used to calculate photolysis rates. For both clear and cloudy sky cases, the modeled and measured photolysis rates agree within the uncertainties of the measurements for a single scattering albedo of 0.94. For a single scattering albedo of 0.79, the agreement is again within the uncertainty limits except for the cloudy sky case in Houston. The results suggest that the FAST-J code may be a practical algorithm for use in atmospheric chemical transport models that make repeated calls to photolysis rate subroutines. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Network, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Barnard, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K9-30,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.barnard@pnl.gov RI Chapman, Elaine/K-8756-2012 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 21 BP 3393 EP 3403 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.034 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826OJ UT WOS:000221838100003 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ AF Liu, YQ TI Variability of wildland fire emissions across the contiguous United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wildfire; prescribed fire; air pollutants; emissions; atmosphere-emission relationship AB This study analyzes spatial and temporal variability of emissions from wildland fires across the contiguous US. The emissions are estimates based on a recently constructed dataset of historical fire records collected by multiple US governmental agencies. Both wildfire and prescribed fires have the highest emissions over the Pacific coastal states. Prescribed fire emissions are also found to be high over the southeastern coastal area. Temporal variations of wildfire emissions in various regions are characterized by a number of strong emissions over the past two decades, which are closely related to precipitation anomalies. Prescribed fire emissions, on the other hand, show an increasing tendency in recent years. An analysis of the emissions specifically for the three National Emissions Inventory (NEI) base years of 1996, 1999, and 2002 suggests that the average of these years would represent fairly typical wildfire emissions for all regions except the Southwest and Pacific Southwest. Prescribed fire emissions during the NEI base years, on the other hand, were much higher than the historical average for all regions except the Southeast. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yliu@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 21 BP 3489 EP 3499 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826OJ UT WOS:000221838100012 ER PT J AU Peak, RG Thompson, FR Shaffer, TL AF Peak, RG Thompson, FR Shaffer, TL TI Factors affecting songbird nest survival in Riparian forests in a midwestern agricultural landscape SO AUK LA English DT Article ID BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; DIFFERENT WIDTHS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; SITE SELECTION; BUFFER STRIPS; PREDATION; HABITAT; EDGE AB We investigated factors affecting nest Success of songbirds in riparian forest and buffers in northeastern Missouri. We used an information-theoretic approach to determine support for hypotheses concerning effects of nest-site, habitat-patch, edge, and temporal factors on nest success of songbirds in three narrow (55-95 m) and three wide (400-530 m) riparian forests with adjacent grassland-shrub buffer strips and in three narrow and three wide riparian forests without adjacent grassland-shrub buffer strips. We predicted that temporal effects would have the most support and that habitat-patch and edge effects would have little support, because nest predation would be great across all sites in the highly fragmented, predominantly agricultural landscape. Interval nest success was 0.404, 0.227, 0.070, and 0.186, respectively, for Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea), and forest interior species pooled (Acadian Flycatcher [Empidonax virescens], Wood Thrush [Hylociclila mustelina], Ovenbird [Seiurus aurocapillus], and Kentucky Warbler [Oporornis formosus]). The effect of nest stage on nest success had the most support; daily nest success for Gray Catbird and Indigo Bunting were lowest in the laying stage. We found strong support for greater nest success of Gray Catbird in riparian forests with adjacent buffer strips than in riparian forests without adjacent buffer strips. Patch width also occurred in the most-supported model for Gray Catbird, but with very limited support. The null model received the most support for Northern Cardinal. Riparian forests provided breeding habitat for area-sensitive forest species and grassland-shrub nesting species. Buffer strips provided additional breeding habitat for grassland-shrub nesting Species. Interval nest success for Indigo Bunting and area-sensitive forest species pooled, however, fell well below the level that is likely necessary to balance juvenile and adult mortality, which suggests that when riparian forests are located within agricultural landscapes, the potential even for wide riparian forests with adjacent buffer strips to provide high-quality breeding habitat is severely diminished for some species. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Peak, RG (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, POB 5190, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. EM rpeak@tnc.org NR 90 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2004 VL 121 IS 3 BP 726 EP 737 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0726:FASNSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 839SU UT WOS:000222806000009 ER PT J AU Kelly, EG Forsman, ED AF Kelly, EG Forsman, ED TI Recent records of hybridization between Barred Owls (Strix varia) and Northern Spotted Owls (S-occidentalis caurina) SO AUK LA English DT Article AB We summarized records of hybridization between Barred Owls (Strix varia) and Northern Spotted Owls (S. occidentalis caurina) in Washington and Oregon through 1999. A total of 47 hybrids were observed, including 17 F1s that were first detected as adults, 4 F1s that were banded as juveniles and Subsequently recaptured as adults, 10 F1 juveniles, and 16 F2 juveniles. All confirmed cases of hybridization between Barred and Spotted owls involved male Spotted Owls paired with female Barred Owls. Ten F1 hybrids that backcrossed with Barred Owls produced a total of 15 young; 6 F1 hybrids that backcrossed with Spotted Owls produced only I young. Those differences may indicate that some combinations of sex and species are more compatible or more fertile than others, but more documentation is needed. Because F2 hybrids and subsequent generations are difficult to distinguish in the field from Barred or Spotted owls, genetic comparisons of blood or tissue samples may be needed to identify hybrids beyond the first generation. The small number of F1 hybrids detected during many years of extensive banding studies of Spotted Owls suggests that the isolating mechanisms that separate Barred and Spotted owls are normally sufficient to avoid hybridization between them. Direct competition between the two species for food and space is Probably a much more serious threat to the Spotted Owl than hybridization. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kelly, EG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newport Field Off, 2127 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM liz_kelly@fws.gov NR 29 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2004 VL 121 IS 3 BP 806 EP 810 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0806:RROHBB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 839SU UT WOS:000222806000016 ER PT J AU Antony, B Palaniswami, MS Kirk, AA Henneberry, TJ AF Antony, B Palaniswami, MS Kirk, AA Henneberry, TJ TI Development of Encarsia bimaculata (Heraty and Polaszek) (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) nymphs SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Encarsia bimaculata; Bemisia tabaci; developmental biology; isozymes ID SPECIES COMPLEX; ELECTROPHORETIC DETECTION; ERETMOCERUS-MUNDUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SWEET-POTATO; PARASITOIDS; POPULATIONS; BIOTYPES; GENN; HYPERPARASITISM AB Encarsia bimaculata was recently described from India as a potentially useful parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci. Its developmental biology was studied in the laboratory at 25-30 degreesC and 70-75% RH. Results showed that E bimaculata is a solitary, arrhenotokous, heteronomous, autoparasitoid. Mated females laid eggs internally in B. tabaci nymphs that developed as primary parasitoids. Males developed as hyperparasitoids, either in females of their own species or in other primary aphelinid parasitoids. Superparasitism was common under cage conditions. Both sexes have an egg, three larval instars, prepupal, and pupal stages. Development from egg to adult took 12.70 +/- 2.10 days for females and 14.48 +/- 2.60 days for males. Individual B. tabaci nymphs were examined for E bimaculata parasitization using three isozymes: esterase, malate dehydrogenase, and xanthine dehydrogenase. All three isozymes showed differential banding patterns that identified E. bimaculata parasitized or unparasitized B. tabaci nymphs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Indian Council Agr Res, Cent Tuber Crops Res Inst, Div Crop Protect, Trivandrum 695017, Kerala, India. USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-90013 Moteferrier Sur Luz, France. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Palaniswami, MS (reprint author), Indian Council Agr Res, Cent Tuber Crops Res Inst, Div Crop Protect, Trivandrum 695017, Kerala, India. EM palaniswamims@yahoo.com OI Antony, Binu/0000-0002-6292-620X NR 37 TC 14 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3 BP 546 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.01.018 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 827GX UT WOS:000221888800003 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC Alkan, Z Lang, K King, JC AF Hawkes, WC Alkan, Z Lang, K King, JC TI Plasma selenium decrease during pregnancy is associated with glucose intolerance SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Se; glucose intolerance; pregnancy; diabetes ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECT; DIABETIC-RATS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SERUM SELENIUM; BLOOD SELENIUM; ANTIOXIDANT STATUS; THYROID-HORMONE; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRACE-ELEMENT AB There is an increased requirement for selenium during pregnancy, presumably for fetal growth, which manifests as decreasing maternal blood and tissue selenium concentrations. These decreases are greater in pregnant women with gestational or preexisting diabetes. We measured selenium status and glucose tolerance between wk 12 and 34 of gestation in 22 pregnant women. We found that the increase in blood glucose in response to an oral glucose challenge at 12 wk gestation and the increase in fasting glucose during pregnancy were inversely correlated with plasma selenium concentration. Women with lower plasma glutathione peroxidase activities during pregnancy also tended to have higher fasting glucose levels. These inverse relationships between selenium status and glucose tolerance are consistent with earlier observations that suggest a link between selenium and glucose metabolism. The observation that changes in serum glucose were not accompanied by changes in insulin suggests that selenium may affect glucose metabolism downstream from insulin, or through independent energy regulatory pathways such as thyroid hormone. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Hawkes, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 100 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1385/BTER:100:1:019 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 840WN UT WOS:000222890700002 PM 15258316 ER PT J AU Powell, AM Talbot, NC Wells, KD Kerr, DE Pursel, VG Wall, RJ AF Powell, AM Talbot, NC Wells, KD Kerr, DE Pursel, VG Wall, RJ TI Cell donor influences success of producing cattle by somatic cell nuclear transfer SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE early development; embryo ID IN-VITRO DEVELOPMENT; TRANSGENIC BOVINE EMBRYOS; PROLIFERATIVE LIFE-SPAN; PLATING EFFICIENCY; RECIPIENT OOCYTES; FETAL FIBROBLASTS; DEVELOPMENT RATES; IMPROVED YIELDS; CLONAL LINES; CLONING AB To assess sources of variation in nuclear transfer efficiency, bovine fetal fibroblasts (BFF), harvested from six Jersey fetuses, were cultured under various conditions. After transfection, frozen-thawed lung or muscle BFF donor cells were initially cultured in DMEM in 5% CO2 and air and some were transferred to MEM, with 5% or 20% O-2 or 0.5% or 10% serum and G418 for 2-3 wk. Selected clonal transfected fibroblasts were fused to enucleated oocytes. Fused couplets (n = 4007), activated with ionomycin and 6-dimethylaminopurine, yielded 927 blastocysts, and 650 were transferred to 330 recipients. Fusion rate was influenced by oxygen tension in a fetus-dependent manner (P < 0.001). Blastocyst development was influenced in a number of ways. Hip fibroblast generated more blastocysts when cultured in MEM (P < 0.001). The influence of serum concentration was fetus dependent (P < 0.001) and exposing fibroblast to low oxygen was detrimental to blastocyst development (P < 0.001). Cells from two of the six fetuses produced embryos that maintained pregnancies to term, resulting in eight viable calves. Pregnancy rates 56 days after transfer for the two productive donor fetuses, was at least double that of other recipients and may provide a fitness indicator of BFF cell sources for nuclear transfer. We conclude that a significant component in determining somatic cell nuclear transfer success is the source of the nuclear donor cells. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Revivicor Inc, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Wall, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Bldg 200,Room 16,, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bobwall@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 56 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.104.027193 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 831UC UT WOS:000222220700028 PM 14998911 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Won, YJ Cooke, PH Coffin, DR Fishman, ML Hicks, KB Ma, PX AF Liu, LS Won, YJ Cooke, PH Coffin, DR Fishman, ML Hicks, KB Ma, PX TI Pectin/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) composite matrices for biomedical applications SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE pectin; poly(lactide-co-glycolide); matrix; biomaterials; tissue engineering ID DRUG-DELIVERY; PECTIN; IMMOBILIZATION AB The aim of the research was to develop matrices for the delivery of biologically active substances for tissue regeneration. To this end, a new biodegradable matrix composed of a hydrophobic porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide), p(LGA), network entangled with another network of hydrophilic pectin was fabricated in the presence of calcium chloride. The calcium salts function as both a pore forming reagent and cross-linker for the formation of pectin networks; the method combines creating pores and cross-linking polymers in one step. Microscopic imaging and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a double-network structure of the composite matrices. The pectin enables the composite to carry signal molecules. This is accomplished by linking signal molecules to pectin by physical adsorption or by chemical reaction. The p(LGA) networks in the composite impart mechanical properties comparable to p(LGA) alone. The mechanical properties of the composite are far superior to matrices containing only pectin. Furthermore, the pectin-containing matrices improved cell adhesion and proliferation when compared to plain p(LGA) matrices, as determined in vitro by osteoblast culture. Published bv Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), USDA, ERRC, E 600 Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lsliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 IS 16 BP 3201 EP 3210 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.036 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 800OV UT WOS:000220038500009 PM 14980415 ER PT J AU Brooks, ML D'Antonio, CM Richardson, DM Grace, JB Keeley, JE DiTomaso, JM Hobbs, RJ Pellant, M Pyke, D AF Brooks, ML D'Antonio, CM Richardson, DM Grace, JB Keeley, JE DiTomaso, JM Hobbs, RJ Pellant, M Pyke, D TI Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disturbance; fire frequency; fire intensity; fuel; nonnative plants ID SOUTH-AFRICAN FYNBOS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; EXOTIC GRASSES; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; COASTAL SCRUB; VEGETATION; DISTURBANCE; SHRUBLANDS; MANAGEMENT; AUSTRALIA AB Plant invasions are widely recognized as significant threats to biodiversity conservation worldwide. One way invasions can affect native ecosystems is by changing fuel properties, which can in turn affect fire behavior and, ultimately, alter fire regime characteristics such as frequency, intensity, extent, type, and seasonality of fire. If the regime changes subsequently promote the dominance of the invaders, then an invasive plant-fire regime cycle can be established. As more ecosystem components and interactions are altered, restoration of preinvasion conditions becomes more difficult. Restoration may require managing fuel conditions, fire regimes, native plant communities, and other ecosystem properties in addition to the invaders that caused the changes in the first place. We present a multiphase model describing the interrelationships between plant invaders and fire regimes, provide a system for evaluating the relative effects of invaders and prioritizing them for control, and recommend ways to restore preinvasion fire regime properties. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, Inst Plant Conservat, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Organism Biol Ecol & Evolut, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Weed Sci Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Murdoch Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. US Bur Lan Management, Idaho State Off, Boise, ID 83709 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM matt_brooks@usgs.gov RI Hobbs, Richard/F-5883-2010; Richardson, David/A-1495-2008 OI Hobbs, Richard/0000-0003-4047-3147; Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297 NR 55 TC 560 Z9 581 U1 34 U2 239 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 54 IS 7 BP 677 EP 688 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0677:EOIAPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 838RV UT WOS:000222731700012 ER PT J AU Vermeire, LT Heitschmidt, RK Johnson, PS Sowell, BF AF Vermeire, LT Heitschmidt, RK Johnson, PS Sowell, BF TI The prairie dog story: Do we have it right? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carrying capacity; Cynomys; distribution; herbivory; population estimates ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; BISON; CONSEQUENCES; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; RESPONSES; CATTLE AB As public and scientific interest in black-tailed prairie dogs has grown, views about their ecological role have become polarized. We evaluated three claims frequently made concerning the status of black-tailed prairie dogs and their interactions with other species:(1) that black-tailed prairie dogs historically occupied 40 million to 100 million hectares (ha) and now occupy only I to 2 percent of their former range, (2) that large ungulates preferentially forage on prairie dog colonies, and (3) that prairie dogs do not reduce carrying capacity for large herbivores. The conclusion that prairie dogs historically occupied up to 100 million ha is not supported by the literature, and the more conservative figure of 40 million ha is based on estimates from the early 20th century, when prairie dog populations were artificially high as a result of human activities. Prairie dog activity is not unique in facilitating grazing by large herbivores; and selection of prairie dog colonies for foraging is limited to specific conditions, including colony age, proximity, and season of the year. Finally, prairie dogs reduce carrying capacity for large herbivores by consuming forage, clipping plants to increase visibility, building mounds, and changing plant cover and species composition. C1 USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. S Dakota State Univ, W River Agr Ctr, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Vermeire, LT (reprint author), USDA ARS, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM lance@larrl.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 54 IS 7 BP 689 EP 695 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0689:TPDSDW]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 838RV UT WOS:000222731700013 ER PT J AU Donovan, DM Rowley, DL Williams, NG AF Donovan, DM Rowley, DL Williams, NG TI Microsoft (R) Excell (R) spreadsheet-based animal colony management for genetically altered animals SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY MOUSE POPULATIONS; COMPUTER C1 ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Donovan, DM (reprint author), ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Bldg 200,Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ddonovan@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUL PY 2004 VL 37 IS 1 BP 50 EP + PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 837VO UT WOS:000222669300011 PM 15283200 ER PT J AU Nunez, A Ashby, R Foglia, TA Solaiman, DKY AF Nunez, A Ashby, R Foglia, TA Solaiman, DKY TI LC/MS analysis and lipase modification of the sophorolipids produced by Rhodotorula bogoriensis SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fatty acid; lipase; mass spectrometry; sophorolipid ID SOPHOROSE LIPIDS AB The extracellular glycolipids produced by the yeast, Rhodotorula bogoriensis ( formerly Candida bogoriensis), were analyzed using an LC/API-MS method. The analysis confirmed that the predominant form the sophorolipid structure contained a C22 hydroxy carboxylic acid. A minor amount (< 10%) of a C24 hydroxy carboxylic acid in the sophorolipid was also found, which had not been reported previously. The sophorolipid product, which contained varying degrees of acetylation at the primary hydroxy groups of the sophorose sugar, was deacetylated with sodium methoxide. The des-acetylated sophorolipid was esterified using an immobilized lipase as catalyst in tetrahydrofuran and the product analyzed by mass spectrometric techniques. The product was screened for dimer or polymer formation but only a monomeric lactonized sophorolipid structure was detected. C1 ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nunez, A (reprint author), ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM anunez@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 26 IS 13 BP 1087 EP 1093 DI 10.1023/B:BILE.0000032970.95603.6d PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 832BT UT WOS:000222242900013 PM 15218385 ER PT J AU Leathers, TD Jones, JD Wyckoff, HA AF Leathers, TD Jones, JD Wyckoff, HA TI Transformation of alternan-producing strains of Leuconostoc by electroporation SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alternan; electroporation; Leuconostoc; shuttle vector; transformation ID MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PLASMID; MUTANTS; CLONING; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; DEXTRAN; SUCROSE; VECTORS AB Alternan-producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-1355 and its glucansucrase-negative derivative NRRL B-21414 were transformed by electroporation using four Gram positive-Gram negative shuttle vectors. Optimal conditions were 400 Omega and 10 kVcm(-1), resulting in transformation efficiencies of up to 3.5 x 10(4) per mug DNA. Relatively low copy numbers and native plasmids made it difficult to visualize the introduced plasmids on ethidium bromide-stained gels and, in some cases, on blot hybridizations. However, PCR analysis indicated that 95% of putative transformants carried plasmid sequences. Direct colony PCR was shown to work well for this system and also for transformants of L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM leathetd@ncaur.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 26 IS 14 BP 1119 EP 1124 DI 10.1023/B:BILE.0000035482.41491.7e PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 839RA UT WOS:000222801000004 PM 15266116 ER PT J AU Cerdeira, AL Santos, NAG Ueta, J Shuhama, IK Pessoa, MCPY Smith, S Lanchote, VL AF Cerdeira, AL Santos, NAG Ueta, J Shuhama, IK Pessoa, MCPY Smith, S Lanchote, VL TI Atrazine in water and biodegradation in a recharge area of Guarany aquifer in Brazil SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIAZINE HERBICIDES C1 Brazilian Minist Agr, EMBRAPA, Div Res, BR-13820000 Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil. USP, Sch Pharm, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Cerdeira, AL (reprint author), Brazilian Minist Agr, EMBRAPA, Div Res, CP 69, BR-13820000 Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil. RI Lanchote, Vera/C-1987-2012; Pessoa, Maria Conceicao/C-4322-2014; Lanchote, Vera/P-5925-2016 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 73 IS 1 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s00128-004-0402-4 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 837MA UT WOS:000222638400018 PM 15386081 ER PT J AU Perry, ND Stewart, DT Madden, EA Maier, TJ AF Perry, ND Stewart, DT Madden, EA Maier, TJ TI New records for the arctic shrew, Sorex arcticus and the newly recognized maritime shrew, Sorex maritimensis SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Arctic Shrew; Sorex arcticus; Maritime Shrew; Sorex maritimensis; range; state record; Montana; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Quebec ID INSECTIVORA; SORICIDAE; EVOLUTION; MANITOBA AB We report the first record for the Arctic Shrew (Sorex arcticus) in the state of Montana, USA. We also report range extensions for the closely related Maritime Shrew (Sorex maritimensis) in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. These collections augment our limited knowledge of the ranges and habitat associations of these rarely collected shrews, and highlight the need for a careful assessment of the status of S. maritimensis in Canada. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Med Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Med Lake, MT 59247 USA. Univ Massachusetts, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Perry, ND (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, 210 Nagle Hall, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 118 IS 3 BP 400 EP 404 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 978JV UT WOS:000232870300012 ER PT J AU Bacon, CW Hinton, DM Porter, JK Glenn, AE Kuldau, G AF Bacon, CW Hinton, DM Porter, JK Glenn, AE Kuldau, G TI Fusaric acid, a Fusarium verticillioides metabolite, antagonistic to the endophytic biocontrol bacterium Bacillus mojavensis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Fusarium moniliforme; Fusarium verticillioides; bacterial endophyte; fungal endophyte; fumonisin ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS CHA0; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MONILIFORME; CORN; OXYSPORUM; MAIZE; FUNGI; DETOXIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; INFECTION AB An endophytic bacterium, Bacillus mojavensis Roberts, Nakamura & Cohan, was patented as a nonpathogenic biocontrol for plant diseases. However, before this bacterium can be used as a biocontrol agent, it must be evaluated against homologous competing organisms, some of which are equally successful endophytes, such as species of Fusarium that are symptomless endophytes, especially on maize. Preliminary field trials using this bacterium as a biocontrol agent against production of the fumonisin mycotoxins caused by infection of maize with Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (= Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon) was less than that observed with greenhouse studies. Fusarium verticillioides and other species produce fusaric acid. Fusaric acid at concentrations as low as 22 mumol/L accounted for a 41% reduction in CFU compared with the control group, while concentrations of 223 mumol/L and higher resulted in total toxicity to the bacterium. Mutants of F. verticillioides that produced low concentrations of fusaric acid did not affect the endophytic CFU of the bacterium in seedlings. These results suggest that fusaric acid accounted for the reduction of bacterial colonization and the resulting poor biocontrol activity and suggested its importance to the fungus is as an antibiotic, which assists in the in planta competition for the intercellular niche colonized by F. verticillioides during its endotrophic state. C1 ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM cbacon@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 82 IS 7 BP 878 EP 885 DI 10.1139/B04-067 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 849QT UT WOS:000223555700002 ER PT J AU Rowland, DL Sher, AA Marshall, DL AF Rowland, DL Sher, AA Marshall, DL TI Inter- and intra-population variation in seedling performance of Rio Grande cottonwood under low and high salinity SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID 4 RIVER VALLEYS; SALT TOLERANCE; POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; GENETIC-VARIATION; NATIVE POPULUS; TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA; EASTERN COTTONWOOD; NEW-MEXICO; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; BIOMASS PRODUCTION AB The Rio Grande watershed ecosystem has been increasingly threatened since the construction of dams and severe channelization in the past century. Rio Grande cottonwood (Populus deltoides var. wislizenii (S. Wats.) Eckenw.) has been suffering stress and high mortality rates with decreased water availability and increased salinity levels. Genetic variation in salt tolerance has been documented in adult cottonwoods, and we hypothesized that these traits might be heritable. This potential heritable genetic variation in seedling offspring might be advantageous in reforestation efforts along the Rio Grande. We screened four New Mexican Rio Grande populations for seedling genotypes that might be salt tolerant and correlated seedling performance under both high- and low-salt treatments with the physiological performance of their open-pollinated family. For all populations, we found significant stunting effects of high salinity on mean leaf size, plant height, total plant mass, root mass, and shoot mass, with no effects on chlorophyll content (as measured by a Minolta SPAD-502 meter) or root/shoot ratio. Although there were no significant differences between the four populations, there were highly significant differences between open-pollinated families within each site. In addition, at one site (San Antonio), genetically based open-pollinated family physiology, as measured in a common garden, was significantly correlated with seedling performance, especially under low-salt conditions. This indicates these traits are heritable, and adult salt tolerance may convey an advantage in offspring establishment under high-salt conditions. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Rowland, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, 1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM drowland@nprl.usda.gov OI Sher, Anna/0000-0002-6433-9746 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1458 EP 1466 DI 10.1139/X04-032 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 846RS UT WOS:000223334300010 ER PT J AU Krupinsky, J Berdahl, JD Schoch, CL Rossman, AY AF Krupinsky, J Berdahl, JD Schoch, CL Rossman, AY TI Leaf spot on switch grass (Panicum virgatum), symptoms of a new disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Bipolaris zeae; Bipolaris oryzae; gene; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Panicum virgatum; switch grass; mating types ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; COCHLIOBOLUS-MIYABEANUS; INHERITANCE; PATHOGENS; BLOTCH AB Switch grass (Panicum virgatum) is a native, perennial warm-season grass used for hay, summer grazing, soil conservation, and wildlife habitat. It is also being developed as a biomass crop for renewable energy. A previously unreported leaf-spot disease on switch grass was observed in North Dakota plantings. From 1999 to 2002, a fungus was consistently isolated from leaf spots on switch grass. It was identified as Bipolaris oryzae (teleomorph: Cochliobolus miyabeanus). Conidial morphology agreed with that of B. oryzae, and comparison of DNA sequences from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase also indicated that the isolates were B. oryzae. Greenhouse pathogenicity tests confirmed the ability of B. oryzae to cause symptoms of leaf spot on switch grass. This is the first time that B. oryzae, a common pathogen on rice (Oryza sativa), is reported to cause a disease on switch grass. This pathogen has the potential to diminish yields of switch grass under intensive plantings for high biomass production, particularly if a susceptible cultivar is seeded over a wide area. Additionally, Bipolaris zeae (teleomorph: Cochliobolus zeae) was isolated from switch grass, a new host for this fungus, and is herein reported for the first time from the United States. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Krupinsky, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM krupinsj@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Schoch, Conrad/J-4825-2012 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 26 IS 3 BP 371 EP 378 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 866QK UT WOS:000224787800016 ER PT J AU Wesley, RD AF Wesley, RD TI Exposure of sero-positive gilts to swine influenza virus may cause a few stillbirths per litter SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID PIGS AB Six pregnant gilts were purchased from a high health herd and were found to be serologically positive for swine influenza virus (SIV) subtype H3N2. Three of the gilts, at 80 to 82 days of gestation, were experimentally exposed a second time to the same SIV subtype - H3N2. No clinical signs resulted from the second exposure to SIV and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers for SIV at 4 weeks postexposure were unchanged suggesting that the gilts had not been reinfected. However, the second exposure to SIV affected the number of pigs born alive. Each of the 3 litters from the twice exposed gilts suffered 2 or 3 stillborn piglets per litter. In contrast the 3 matched, sero-positive gilts that were not exposed to SIV (controls) had no stillborn piglets. These differences were statistically significant using a t-test for unequal variances (P = 0.0086). Sera from 2 of the stillborn piglets were negative for HI antibodies and there was no indication from the pigs born alive that the H3N2 virus had crossed the placenta. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wesley, RD (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwesley@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 215 EP 217 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 842VC UT WOS:000223031500009 PM 15352547 ER PT J AU Diez-Fraile, A Meyer, E Duchateau, L Paape, MJ Burvenich, C AF Diez-Fraile, A Meyer, E Duchateau, L Paape, MJ Burvenich, C TI In vitro regulation of Mac-1 expression on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes by endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha at different stages of lactation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID COLIFORM MASTITIS; L-SELECTIN; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEUTROPHILS; ADHESION; RECEPTOR; COWS; BLOOD; MILK AB The purpose of this in vitro study is to clarify some of the underlying mechanisms leading to the decreased migratory capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during mastitis in dairy cows soon after calving. Surface expression of Mac-1 (CD11b, CR3) on PMN and of CD14 on monocytes was measured in early- (EL), peak- (PL), and midlactation (ML) by flow cytometric analysis. In addition, we evaluated the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on CD11b surface expression in PMN at different stages of lactation in a whole blood model. During EL, while resting monocytes expressed diminished levels of CD14, the basal expression of CD11b on PMN was not significantly altered. The relative increase of CD11b on PMN after incubation with LPS or TNF-alpha did not significantly differ among EL, PL, or ML at any of the concentrations tested. The current findings do not support an important role for basal CD11b levels nor for a defective mobilization of CD11b by LPS and TNF-alpha in the reduced migratory capacity of PMN during EL. C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Burvenich, C (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM christian.burvenich@ugent.be NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 232 EP 235 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 842VC UT WOS:000223031500014 PM 15352552 ER PT J AU Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE AF Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE TI A comparative study of Fourier transform Raman and NIR spectroscopic methods for assessment of protein and apparent amylose in rice SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE ANALYSIS; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; GRAIN MILLED SAMPLES; COOKED RICE; QUALITY AB Fourier-transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy were used to compare calibration models for determining rice cooking quality parameters such as apparent amylose and protein. Samples from two seasons were used in each calibration set. The laboratory values ranged from 4.89 to 12.48% for protein and from 0.2 to 25.7% for amylose. The data for both FT-Raman and NIR were preprocessed with orthogonal signal correction (OSC) for standardization. For both spectroscopic methods, five models were optimized by partial least squares regression (PLSR) and by Martens' uncertainty regression (MUR), including no processing, smoothing, normalization, first derivative (D1), and second derivative (D2). Based solely on standard error of cross-validation (SECV), the FT-Raman method was superior to the NIR method for protein. For amylose, the FT-Raman and NIR methods resulted in similar calibration statistics with a high precision, with the, FT-Raman requiring fewer factors. The best FT-Raman models were generated from OSC preprocessing with MUR for protein (SECV 0.15%, five factors) and from OSC without MUR for amylose (SECV 0.70%, seven factors). The best NIR models were obtained with D2 transform of OSC spectra for protein (SECV 0.22%, four factors) and with OSC spectra for amylose (SECV 0.57%, 11 factors). C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sohn, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM msohn@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 81 IS 4 BP 429 EP 433 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.4.429 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 838WJ UT WOS:000222743700001 ER PT J AU Champagne, ET Thompson, JF Bett-Garber, KL Mutters, R Miller, JA Tan, E AF Champagne, ET Thompson, JF Bett-Garber, KL Mutters, R Miller, JA Tan, E TI Impact of storage of freshly harvested paddy rice on milled white rice flavor SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILES; SPOILAGE; GRAIN AB Between harvest and the start of drying, paddy rice may be held for more than 24 hr at moisture contents ranging from 16% to >26%. Microbes found on the freshly harvested rice grow under these conditions and produce a wide variety of volatile compounds that impact the flavor/aroma of the white rice obtained after drying and milling of the paddy rice. The contents of 10 volatile microbial metabolites were compared in white rice obtained from paddy rice harvested at differing moisture contents and immediately dried (0 hr) or held for 48 hr before drying. No increases in volatile microbial metabolite levels were observed in white rice obtained from paddy rice that was stored at 17-21% moisture contents for 48 hr. In white rice from paddy rice stored at greater than or equal to24% moisture content, 3-methyl-butanol, 2-methyl-butanol, acetic acid, 2,3-butandiol, and ethyl hexadecanoate increased markedly with time. Also in these samples, as determined by a descriptive panel, sour/silage and alfalfa/grassy/green bean flavors significantly increased (P < 0.1) in intensity. Sour/silage, the predominant off-flavor note in the stored samples, correlated highly (r = 0.98) with 2,3-butandiol. Ethanol concentration measurements on the paddy rice correlated highly with sour/silage (r = 0.99) and 2,3-butandiol (r = 0.97), and correlated well with several other volatile microbial metabolites. Carbon dioxide measurements taken on the paddy rice did not correlate as highly (r = 0.78) with sour/silage. Measurements of ethanol produced in paddy rice may serve as an indicator of off-flavor/aroma development in the resultant white rice. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Oroville, CA USA. RP Champagne, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM etchamp@srrc.ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 81 IS 4 BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.4.444 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 838WJ UT WOS:000222743700003 ER PT J AU Pearson, TC Wicklow, DT Pasikatan, MC AF Pearson, TC Wicklow, DT Pasikatan, MC TI Reduction of aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in yellow corn by high-speed dual-wavelength sorting SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TESTING SHELLED CORN; DENSITY SEGREGATION; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; BRAZILIAN CORN; FUSARIUM MYCOTOXINS; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; MAIZE GENOTYPES; PHYSICAL METHOD; EAR ROT AB A high-speed dual-wavelength sorter was tested for removing corn contaminated in the field with aflatoxin and fumonisin. To achieve accurate sorting, single kernel reflectance spectra (500-1,700 nm) were analyzed to select the optimal pair of optical filters to detect mycotoxin-contaminated corn during high-speed sorting. A routine, based on discriminant analysis, was developed to select the two absorbance bands in the spectra that would give the greatest classification accuracy. In a laboratory setting, and with the kernels stationary, absorbances at 750 and 1,200 nm could correctly identify >99% of the kernels as aflatoxin-contaminated (>100 ppb) or uncontaminated. A high-speed sorter was tested using the selected filter pair for corn samples inoculated with Aspergillus flavus; naturally infested corn grown in central Illinois; and naturally infested, commercially grown and harvested corn from eastern Kansas (2002 harvest). For the Kansas corn, the sorter was able to reduce aflatoxin levels by 81% from an initial average of 53 ppb, while fumonisin levels in the same grain samples were reduced an average of 85% from an initial level of 17 ppm. Similar reductions in mycotoxin levels were observed after high-speed sorting of A. flavus inoculated and naturally mold-infested corn grown in Illinois. C1 USDA ARS, Engn Res Unit, Grain Mkt Res & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Pearson, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Engn Res Unit, Grain Mkt Res & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM tpearson@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 66 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 81 IS 4 BP 490 EP 498 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.4.490 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 838WJ UT WOS:000222743700011 ER PT J AU Lenihan, E Duvick, S White, P AF Lenihan, E Duvick, S White, P TI Rapid screening to identify unusual thermal starch traits from bulked corn kernels SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; MAIZE ENDOSPERM MUTANTS; GELATINIZATION; BLENDS; LINES AB Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used routinely to screen for starch thermal proper-ties. In early generations of line development, the established analysis separately evaluates starch extracted from five, single corn kernels. A thermal property trait carried by a recessive gene would appear 25% of the time; thus, if five separate kernels were evaluated, the likelihood of detecting an unusual thermal trait is high. The objective of the current work was to expedite selection by examining five kernels at a time, instead of one, hypothesizing that we would be able to detect different thermal properties in this blend. Corn lines, all from the same genetic background (ExSeed68 or Oh43), with known thermal functions (amylose-extender, dull, sugary-1, sugary-2, and waxy) were blended with normal starch (control) in ratios of 0:5, 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, and 5:0, and analyzed with DSC. The values for each ratio within a mutant type were unique (alpha < 0.01) for most DSC measurements, especially for gelatinization onset temperature, change in enthalpy of gelatinization, and range of gelatinization. These results support the five-kernel method for rapidly screening large amounts of corn germplasm to identify kernels with unusual starch traits. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Intro Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP White, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 2312 Food Sci Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pjwhite@iastate.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 81 IS 4 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.4.527 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 838WJ UT WOS:000222743700017 ER PT J AU Gaines, CS AF Gaines, CS TI Prediction of sugar-snap cookie diameter using sucrose solvent retention capacity, milling softness, and flour protein content SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AACC METHOD 56-11; WHEAT CULTIVARS; BAKING QUALITY; VIEW AB During testing of wheats at the early generation developmental stage, often there is not enough seed to mill for bake testing products such as sugar-snap cookie diameter. This study reports a prediction equation for sugar-snap cookie diameter that uses sucrose solvent retention capacity (SRC), wheat milling softness, and flour protein content. A total of 507 wheats were milled using three laboratory milling systems (short, medium, and long mill flow). Prediction equations were similar for all three mills. Standard errors of prediction were <2% of the mean estimate of cookie diameter. Additional observations eliminated lactic acid SRC (an indication of glutenin strength), alkaline water retention capacity (a traditional predictor of pastry quality), and flour yield (the main milling quality characteristic) from the prediction model. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Gaines, CS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM gaines.31@osu.edu NR 22 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 81 IS 4 BP 549 EP 552 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.4.549 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 838WJ UT WOS:000222743700021 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Smith, GE AF Kahlon, TS Smith, GE TI Rice bran: A health-promoting ingredient SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID GLUCAN-ENRICHED BARLEY; IN-VITRO BINDING; OAT BRAN; WHEAT BRAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC HUMANS; CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION; UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTER; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY FIBER; PLASMA-LIPIDS C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 188 EP + PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 840WH UT WOS:000222890100003 ER PT J AU Waniska, RD Cepeda, M King, BS Adams, JL Rooney, LW Torres, PI Lookhart, GL Bean, SR Wilson, JD Bechtel, DB AF Waniska, RD Cepeda, M King, BS Adams, JL Rooney, LW Torres, PI Lookhart, GL Bean, SR Wilson, JD Bechtel, DB TI Effects of flour properties on tortilla qualities SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID WHEAT-FLOUR; TEXTURAL PROPERTIES; WAXY WHEAT; STARCH; SIZE; PROTEINS AB Sixty-one commercial tortilla flours were tested for tortilla properties using a standardized tortilla bake test. Flour, dough, and tortilla properties were evaluated. All flours tested yielded tortillas with acceptable appearance and opacity, attributes important for the tortilla market. Twenty-eight of the tortilla flours yielded tortillas with a larger diameter, longer shelf stability, and higher moisture content, attributes that are desirable for many retail and wholesale markets. Data for the flours tested confirmed the results of previous tortilla research, i.e., more protein or damaged starch in the flour corresponded to smaller diameter tortillas with improved storage stability and intermediate protein content yielded better quality tortillas. Data from the 28 flours yielding good quality tortillas provided more support for the impact of damaged starch and less support for the impact of proteins on tortilla quality: 1) tortilla diameter correlated with A starch granules and negatively with B starch granules and damaged starch measured by enzyme-susceptible starch (ESS); 2) tortilla stability correlated with mixing time and damaged starch measured by ESS and negatively with resistance to mixing; and 3) tortilla moisture content correlated with amounts of insoluble polymeric protein, soluble polymeric protein, and gliadin. The flour qualities needed to yield good quality tortillas are not well defined; however, components should include protein content (10.0-12.0%), intermediate protein quality, and lower levels of starch damage during milling. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Pizza Hut Inc, Dallas, TX USA. Frito Lay, Plano, TX USA. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Invest & Posgrado Alimentos, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Waniska, RD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Cereal Qual Lab, 370 Olsen Blvd, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM waniska@tamu.ed; carlos.gonzalez@kerrymexico.com.mx; barbie.king@pizzahut.com; L.Adams@fritolay.com; pitorres@mailcity.com; george@gmprc.ksu.edu; scott@gmprc.ksu; don@usgmrl.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 840WH UT WOS:000222890100004 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Nonnecke, BJ Palmer, MV Robbe-Austermann, S Bannantine, JP Stabel, JR Whipple, DL Payeur, JB Estes, DM Pitzer, JE Minion, FC AF Waters, WR Nonnecke, BJ Palmer, MV Robbe-Austermann, S Bannantine, JP Stabel, JR Whipple, DL Payeur, JB Estes, DM Pitzer, JE Minion, FC TI Use of recombinant ESAT-6 : CFP-10 fusion protein for differentiation of infections of cattle by Mycobacterium bovis and by M. avium subsp avium and M. avium subsp paratuberculosis SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CROSS-REACTIVITY; ANTIGENS ESAT-6; NITRIC-OXIDE; TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; CFP-10; INTERFERON; PEPTIDES AB Immunological diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle is often confounded by cross-reactive responses resulting from exposure to other mycobacterial species, especially Mycobacterium avium. Early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (LCFP-10) are dominant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-inducing antigens of tuberculous mycobacteria, and they are absent from many environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Because M. avium exposure is the primary confounding factor in the diagnosis of M. bovis-infected animals, in vitro responses to a recombinant ESAT-6:CFP-10 (rESAT-6:CFP-10) fusion protein by blood leukocytes from cattle naturally exposed to M. avium or experimentally challenged with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium or Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were compared to responses by M. bovis-infected cattle. Responses to heterogeneous mycobacterial antigens (i.e., purified protein derivatives [PPDs] and whole-cell sonicates [WCSs]) were also evaluated. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IFN-gamma, and nitric oxide responses by M. bovis-infected cattle to rESAT-6:CFP-10 exceeded (P < 0.05) the corresponding responses by cattle naturally sensitized to M. avium. Experimental infection with M. bovis, M. avium, or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis induced significant (P < 0.05) IFN-gamma and nitric oxide production to WCS and PPD antigens, regardless of the mycobacterial species used for the preparation of the antigen. Responses to homologous crude antigens generally exceeded responses to heterologous antigens. Nitric oxide and IFN-gamma responses to rESAT-6:CFP-10 by blood leukocytes from M. bovis-infected calves exceeded (P < 0.05) the corresponding responses of noninfected, M. avium-infected, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected calves. Despite the reported potential for secretion of immunogenic ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins by M. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, it appears that use of the rESAT-6:CFP-10 fusion protein will be useful for the detection of tuberculous cattle in herds with pre-existing sensitization to M. avium and/or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Lab,Mycobacteria & Brucella Sect, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Minion, Chris/A-2955-2015; OI Minion, Chris/0000-0003-4876-8396; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 19 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 11 IS 4 BP 729 EP 735 DI 10.1128/CDLI.11.4.729-735.2004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 839LG UT WOS:000222786000015 PM 15242948 ER PT J AU Jay, MT Garrett, V Mohle-Boetani, JC Barros, M Farrar, JA Rios, R Abbott, S Sowadsky, R Komatsu, K Mandrell, R Sobel, J Werner, SB AF Jay, MT Garrett, V Mohle-Boetani, JC Barros, M Farrar, JA Rios, R Abbott, S Sowadsky, R Komatsu, K Mandrell, R Sobel, J Werner, SB TI A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection linked to consumption of beef tacos at a fast-food restaurant chain SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; DAIRY FARMS; SURVEILLANCE; CATTLE; TRACEABILITY; PREVALENCE; WISCONSIN AB We investigated a multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections. Isolates from 13 case patients from California, Nevada, and Arizona were matched by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtyping. Five case patients (38%) were hospitalized, and 3 (23%) developed hemolytic uremic syndrome; none died. The median age was 12 years (range, 2-75 years), and 10 (77%) were female. Case-control studies found an association between illness and eating beef tacos at a national Mexican-style fast-food restaurant chain (88% of cases versus 38% of controls; matched OR, undefined; 95% confidence interval, 1.49 to infinity; P = .009). A trace-back investigation implicated an upstream supplier of beef, but a farm investigation was not possible. This outbreak illustrates the value of employing hospital laboratory-based surveillance to detect local clusters of infections and the effectiveness of using molecular subtyping to identify geographically dispersed outbreaks. The outbreak investigation also highlights the need for a more efficient tracking system for food products. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Fresno Cty Dept Community Hlth, Fresno, CA USA. ARS, USDA, Albany, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Nevada Dept Hlth, Carson City, NV USA. Arizona Dept Hlth, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Jay, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Western Inst Food Safety & Secur, 279 Cousteau Pl,Ste 100, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mjay@wifss.ucdavis.edu NR 28 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1086/421088 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 829YJ UT WOS:000222087800001 PM 15206044 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Burnham, MR Walzem, RL Branton, SL Gerard, PD AF Peebles, ED Burnham, MR Walzem, RL Branton, SL Gerard, PD TI Effects of fasting on serum lipids and lipoprotein profiles in the egg-laying hen (Gallus domesticus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; fasting; HDL; laying hens; LDL; lipoproteins; serum; VLDL ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM INOCULATION; BROILER BREEDER PERFORMANCE; CAGED LAYERS; FORCED MOLT; PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; YOLK DEPOSITION; BODY-WEIGHT; CHICKEN AB The effects of a 24-h fast on serum lipids and lipoprotein profiles in commercial laying hens were investigated. Blood was analyzed at 34 and 46 weeks of age from Single Comb White Leghorn hens that had been either fed ad libitum or had been fasted for 24 It prior to collection. At 12 weeks, birds were divided into 16 biological isolation units, with 8 replicate units assigned to each treatment group. Four birds out of 10 in each unit were tagged for bleeding. Parameters evaluated included total serum cholesterol and triglycerides, mean diameters of very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) for the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of serum total VLDL, mean total population VLDL particle diameter (MPD), and percentage serum cholesterol recovered in VLDL, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions. Fasting led to decreases in total serum cholesterol and triglycerides, and a decrease in mean serum VLDL particle diameter in the 90th population percentile. At Week 34, percentage serum cholesterol recovered from LDL was increased, whereas percentage serum cholesterol recovered from HDL was decreased due to fasting. At Week 46, MPD and percentage serum cholesterol recovered from VLDL were decreased, whereas percentage serum cholesterol recovered from HDL was increased due to fasting. It was concluded that a. 24-h fast decreased serum lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) and the size of VLDL particles in the 90th population percentile in commercial laying hens. Furthermore, bird age influenced the effects of a 24-h fast on MPD and the redistribution of serum cholesterol among VLDL, LDL, and HDL particles. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, POB 9665, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 138 IS 3 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.04.008 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 851RS UT WOS:000223703500007 PM 15313484 ER PT J AU Nelson, DR Hines, H Stay, B AF Nelson, DR Hines, H Stay, B TI Methyl-branched hydrocarbons, major components of the waxy material coating the embryos of the viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl-branched hydrocarbons; wax layer; Diploptera punctata; ootheca; embryos; viviparity; water conservation ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; BLATTELLA-GERMANICA; EVOLUTION; LIPIDS; MILK; TRANSPORT; OOTHECAE AB The viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata carries a wax-coated batch of embryos in a brood sac. When the embryos are expelled into saline, flakes of wax from the surface of the embryos float to the surface. In contrast, embryos of the ovoviviparous species such as Rhyparobia maderae are not nourished by the mother during embryogenesis and do not have a copious waxy coating. As a first step in determining the function of this copious wax layer on the batch of embryos of D. punctata, its composition was compared to that of the waxy material on the outer cuticular surface of the mother (female cuticle) by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major lipid class on the embryos was hydrocarbons with lesser amounts of wax esters and long-chain alcohols. Hydrocarbons from both sources had similar elution times and chemical composition, but were markedly different in the amounts of the major methyl-branched hydrocarbon components. A mixture of 3,X-dimethyl alkanes was 44% of the hydrocarbons on the embryos and was only 29% on the female cuticle. However, trimethylalkanes were only 22% of the hydrocarbons on the embryos and were 34% of the hydrocarbons on the female cuticle. The major hydrocarbons from both sources were mixtures of methyl-branched alkanes with backbones of 33 and 35 carbon atoms. Methyl-branched tritriacontanes were 59% of embryo and 35% of female cuticular hydrocarbons; methyl-branched pentatriacontanes were 19% of embryo and 42% of female hydrocarbons. The difference in proportions of the similar hydrocarbons on the outer cuticular surface of the female and those covering the embryos may suggest that the evolution of copious nutrient secretion for the embryos was accompanied by selection for a mixture of hydrocarbons that prevents water loss by the embryos and protects them against invasion by microorganisms without preventing the movement of nutrient fluid into the embryos. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Biol Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Nelson, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM nelsond@fargo.ars.usda.gov FU CSAP SAMHSA HHS [USPH AI5230] NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 138 IS 3 BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.04.008 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 852VG UT WOS:000223784200008 PM 15253875 ER PT J AU Nelson, DR Lee, RE AF Nelson, DR Lee, RE TI Cuticular lipids and desiccation resistance in overwintering larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desiccation resistance; surface lipids; hydrocarbons; methyl-branched alkanes; iso-alkanes; 2-methylalkanes; mass spectrometry; diptera; overwintering ID SEASONAL-CHANGES; WATER-CONTENT; HYDROCARBONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MICROCLIMATE; PERMEABILITY; ADAPTATIONS; PHYSIOLOGY; TOLERANCE; SURVIVAL AB Within their gall, larvae of the goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis) experience severe desiccating conditions as well as highly variable thermal conditions and extreme cold during winter. Through the autumn and early winter, field-collected larvae acquired markedly enhanced resistance to desiccation and freezing. At the same time, they increased their cuticular surface hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons were the major lipid class extracted by hexane or chloroform from the cuticular surface of overwintering gall fly larvae. The major hydrocarbon classes were the 2-methylalkanes which consisted mainly of 2-methyltriacontane. 2-Methyltriacontane comprised 48-68% of the total hydrocarbons during the larval stages. Total hydrocarbons increased from 122 ng/larva in early third instar larvae collected in September to 4900 ng/larva in those collected in January. Although washing of the cuticular surface with chloroform or chloroform:methanol (2:1, v:v) caused marked increases in rates of water loss, treatment with hexane and methanol had little effect on water loss rates. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Nelson, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Dennis.Nelson@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 138 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.04.013 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 852VG UT WOS:000223784200013 PM 15253880 ER PT J AU Okamura, M Lillehoj, HS Raybourne, RB Babu, US Heckert, RA AF Okamura, M Lillehoj, HS Raybourne, RB Babu, US Heckert, RA TI Cell-mediated immune responses to a killed Salmonella enteritidis vaccine: lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell changes and interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, IL-2, and IFN-gamma production SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chicken; Salmonella enteritidis; killed vaccine; cell proliferation; cytokines ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CHICKEN INTERFERON-GAMMA; NEONATAL LEGHORN CHICKS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; LAYING HENS; ORGAN INVASION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PHAGE TYPE-4; TYPHIMURIUM LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; AVIRULENT SALMONELLA AB Two experimental approaches were used to investigate the immunological responses of chickens to a commercial killed Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccine. In the first, the effects of host age on antigen-specific proliferative responses and cytokine production were examined. Compared with non-vaccinated controls, 4-wk-old vaccinated chickens showed higher proliferation to SE LPS and flagella. The lymphoproliferation responses to these antigens of 8-mo-old vaccinated chickens were not different compared to the non-vaccinated controls. Increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) by antigen-stimulated splenocytes following vaccination were, in general, more often observed in 4-wk-old compared with 8-mo-old chickens, whereas serum levels of these cytokines were consistently higher in the vaccinated birds compared with controls regardless of age. The second set of experiments were designed to determine the effects of SE vaccination on mitogen- or antigen-induced splenocyte proliferation and serum nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine levels. Splenocytes from vaccinated chickens stimulated with SE flagella showed significantly increased numbers of TCRgammadelta(+) cells at 7 days post-vaccination compared with non-vaccinated birds. In contrast, no differences were noted with CD4(+), CD8(+), or TCRalphabeta(+) cells at any time points examined. Higher levels of NO production were observed following stimulation with SE flagella at 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after SE vaccination while serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 were elevated only at day 7 post-vaccination. In conclusion, younger chickens mounted a more robust antigen-specific immune response to the SE vaccine compared with older birds and vaccination induced not only T-cell-mediated responses but also host innate and pro-inflammatory responses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US FDA, Immunobiol Branch, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, VA MD Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Dis, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E,Bldg 1043, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 70 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 255 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2003.12.001 PG 18 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 832YT UT WOS:000222304300004 PM 15178000 ER PT J AU Wanjura, DF Maas, SJ Winslow, JC Upchurch, DR AF Wanjura, DF Maas, SJ Winslow, JC Upchurch, DR TI Scanned and spot measured canopy temperatures of cotton and corn SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE canopy temperature; cotton; corn; infrared thermocouple; thermal image ID WATER-STRESS AB Canopy temperature is a useful indicator of crop water stress and can also be used for making timely irrigation scheduling decisions for center pivot and subsurface drip irrigation systems. However, it is not known how closely the measured canopy temperature from a circular area of the canopy surface compares with a larger continuous area that includes the full canopy width. A study was conducted in 2001 where canopy temperatures were measured with infrared thermocouples (IT) and a thermal scanner (TS) in field plots irrigated by surface drip irrigation using cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and corn (Zea maize L.). Two water levels included full evapotranspiration replacement (high water, HW) in cotton and corn and a second water level in cotton (low water, LW), which received 50% of the HW cotton amount. The purpose of the study was to compare canopy temperature measured from a small canopy area using IT with that obtained from a larger area with a TS. Canopy temperatures in the HW cotton, and HW corn were measured on 8 days during a 20-day period that started at first bloom in cotton and the V14 growth stage of corn, including four successive days during one irrigation cycle. Differences in canopy temperature measured by the two sensors averaged 0.2 degreesC in HW cotton, 3.2 degreesC in LW cotton, and 0.6 degreesC in HW corn. When leaf cover within the canopy was sufficient to mask the soil background, canopy temperatures measured from a small area by IT were comparable to those from a larger area sensed by a TS. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79515 USA. RP Wanjura, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Res Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79515 USA. EM dwanjura@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2004.02.005 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 836KB UT WOS:000222553300003 ER PT J AU Adamchuk, VI Hummel, JW Morgan, MT Upadhyaya, SK AF Adamchuk, VI Hummel, JW Morgan, MT Upadhyaya, SK TI On-the-go soil sensors for precision agriculture SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE precision agriculture; soil sensors; mapping soil properties ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; ORGANIC-MATTER; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-CONTENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; REFLECTANCE; SYSTEM; PREDICTION; SPECTROPHOTOMETER AB The basic objectives of site-specific management of agricultural inputs are to increase profitability of crop production, improve product quality, and protect the environment. Information about the variability of different soil attributes within a field is essential for the decision-making process. The inability to obtain soil characteristics rapidly and inexpensively remains one of the biggest limitations of precision agriculture. Numerous researchers and manufacturers have attempted to develop on-the-go soil sensors to measure mechanical, physical and chemical soil properties. The sensors have been based on electrical and electromagnetic, optical and radiometric, mechanical, acoustic, pneumatic, and electrochemical measurement concepts. While only electric and electromagnetic sensors are widely used at this time, other technologies presented in this review may also be suitable to improve the quality of soil-related information in the near future. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Adamchuk, VI (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM vadamchuk2@unl.edu NR 90 TC 207 Z9 235 U1 5 U2 86 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 71 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2004.03.002 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 836KB UT WOS:000222553300006 ER PT J AU Loomis, J Gonzalez-Caban, A Hesseln, H AF Loomis, J Gonzalez-Caban, A Hesseln, H TI Multicultural evaluation of the performance of contingent valuation for forest fire prevention SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID RESPONDENTS AB This article evaluates the ability of contingent valuation to measure the benefits received by several ethnic groups from a prescribed burning forest fire reduction program similar to President Bush's Healthy Forest Initiative. Reasons for refusing to pay higher taxes for the prescribed burning program were not statistically different between African Americans, Hispanics, and whites. Mean willingness to pay of whites was $400, whereas for African Americans it was $505, but the difference is not statistically significant. The results suggest a substantial statewide willingness to pay by whites and African Americans for forest fuel reduction projects using prescribed burning in California. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Agr Econ, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A8, Canada. RP Loomis, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jloomis@lamar.colostate.edu; agonzalezcaban@fs.fed.us; h.hesseln@usak.ca NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD JUL PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 407 EP 419 DI 10.1093/cep/byh030 PG 13 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 834HR UT WOS:000222402700009 ER PT J AU Concibido, VC Diers, BW Arelli, PR AF Concibido, VC Diers, BW Arelli, PR TI A decade of QTL mapping for cyst nematode resistance in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID LOCI UNDERLYING RESISTANCE; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; PLANT INTRODUCTIONS; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; DNA MARKERS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; RFLP MARKERS; RACE-3; GENOME; PEKING AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), the most destructive pest of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merrill], is estimated to be responsible for almost nine million megagrams in annual yield loss worldwide. Host plant resistance is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of controlling SCN. Resistance is present among soybean plant introductions (PIs) and related wild species, such as Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc. Molecular marker technology has ushered in a decade devoted to the identification and characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying SCN. These genetic mapping efforts uncovered numerous locations of SCN resistance QTL in many PIs. In more than a decade of mapping SCN resistance QTL, there is some consistency in the results. In almost all studies involving various sources of resistance, the QTL conferring the greatest level of resistance mapped to the region containing rhg1 on linkage group (LG) G. In addition, a major resistance QTL was mapped in many sources to the region containing Rhg4 on LG A2. The mapping of QTL to these regions from many sources suggests that these sources may have resistance genes in common, which has caused concern over the possible dependence on a few resistance genes. Recently, two independent research groups reported cloning candidate genes for rhg1 and Rhg4. Despite these advances, there is some degree of trepidation, especially in the public sector, on the use of rhg1 and Rhg4 genetic mapping and cloning information in SCN resistance breeding because of intellectual property issues. C1 Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Concibido, VC (reprint author), Monsanto Co, 800 N Lindbergh Blvd, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. EM vergel.c.concibido@monsanto.com NR 68 TC 134 Z9 162 U1 5 U2 42 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1121 EP 1131 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400002 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Skinner, RH Barker, DJ Edwards, GR Tracy, BF Wedin, DA AF Sanderson, MA Skinner, RH Barker, DJ Edwards, GR Tracy, BF Wedin, DA TI Plant species diversity and management of temperate forage and grazing land ecosystems SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; HYDRAULIC LIFT; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; NEW-ZEALAND; LONG-TERM; BIODIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; PASTURE AB More than a century since Charles Darwin stated that diverse grasslands produce more herbage than monocultures, scientists still debate the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem function. Postulated benefits of diversity in experimental grasslands include greater and more stable primary production along with more efficient nutrient use. These benefits have been extrapolated to forage and grazing land systems with little supporting objective data. Most information on the potential benefits of increased plant diversity comes from studies of synthesized grasslands that have not included domestic grazing animals. We explore this debate relative to the management of temperate forage and grazing lands. Plant species diversity refers to the number of species (richness) and their relative abundance (evenness) within a defined area. Plant relations influence biodiversity responses through positive (e.g., facilitation, N-2 fixation, hydraulic lift) and negative interactions (e.g., competitive exclusion, allelopathy). Early 20th century research on complex mixtures of forage species (limited to grasses and legumes) for pasture indicated equivocal results regarding benefits of species-rich mixtures and typically recommended using the best adapted species in simple grass-legume mixtures. Recent research indicates potential herbage yield benefits from species-rich mixtures for pastures. Limited animal productivity research on species-rich mixtures indicates variable responses and much more research is needed. Grazing land productivity is a primary focus for biodiversity benefits because of the direct economic relevance to producers. However, taking a broader view of the multifunctionality of grazing lands to include environmental and aesthetic benefits to humans reveals a great scope for using biodiversity in grazing land management. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Agr Sci, Anim Sci Sect, Ashford TN25 5AH, Kent, England. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mas44@psu.edu RI Barker, David/F-7492-2012; Wedin, David/K-4093-2012; Barker, David/A-5671-2013 NR 114 TC 93 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 79 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1144 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400003 ER PT J AU del Rio, AH Bamberg, JB AF del Rio, AH Bamberg, JB TI Geographical parameters and proximity to related species predict genetic variation in the inbred potato species Solanum verrucosum schlechtd SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EX-SITU COLLECTIONS; WILD CROP GERMPLASM; RAPD MARKERS; PLANT-POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; SIZE; INFORMATION; ASSOCIATION; ORIGIN AB Identification of ecogeographic parameters associated with genetic variation would help to prioritize populations within conserved species for collection and maintenance. Previous studies comparing accessions of three Solanum species representing different breeding systems, S. fendleri A. Gray (a disomic polyploid selfer), S. jamesii Torr. (a diploid outcrosser), and S. sucrense Hawkes (a polysomic polyploid outcrosser), revealed no significant associations between genetic and ecogeographic variation. Even physical separation did not predict genetic distance. These previous studies are expanded here by investigating the relationship of genetics and geographic parameters for a fourth type of breeding system: a diploid selfer, modeled by wild S. verrucosum Schlechtd (2n = 2x = 24) from Mexico. The objective was to assess whether genetic distances between accessions are predicted by differences in geographic parameters at the natural sites of origin. Twenty-seven S. verrucosum accessions were studied using 152 RAPD markers to estimate the genetic distance between pairs of accessions. The association of genetic variation with proximity of the S. verrucosum accessions to other Mexican wild potato species (some known to be sympatric with S. verrucosum) was also analyzed. Pairwise comparisons showed that the average GD of all pairs of accessions was 12.8% (ranging from 0-29.3%). Parameters with variation significantly correlated with the average GD of S. verrucosum populations were physical separation (0.42), latitude (0.70), longitude (0.51), proximity to S. hjertingii Hawkes (0.80), S. hougasii Corr. (-0.75), and S. demissum Lindl. (-0.50). Significant effects of proximity to S. hjertingii (for example) might be caused by introgression, or the coincidence that all S. hjertingii occur in the extreme NE corner of the S. verrucosum range. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Inter Reg Potato Introduct Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP del Rio, AH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM adelrioc@wisc.edu OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1170 EP 1177 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400007 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS Jannink, JL Panigrahi, S Gu, HZ Riveland, NR AF Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS Jannink, JL Panigrahi, S Gu, HZ Riveland, NR TI Evaluation of oat kernel size uniformity SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS AB Oat (A vena sativa L.) kernel size uniformity is important to the oat milling industry because oat-processing mills separate oats according to size to optimize dehulling efficiency. In this study, we compared two different approaches for analyzing oat kernel size uniformity, namely the sequential sieving of oat samples with a gradient of slotted sieve sizes and digital image analysis. Image analysis of size fractions provided evidence that sieving separated oat kernels according to their depth, whereas, digital image analysis measured kernel length and width, and derived a measure of the area of the oat kernel image. Samples identified by sieving with superior uniformity were those with greater proportions of large kernels. Histograms of oat kernel sizes derived from digital image analysis suggested oat kernel sizes were (within a genotype and location) composed of bimodal populations. A new statistical analysis allowed for the derivation of means and variances of each of these subpopulations, the numerical balance between the two subpopulations, and the extent of bimodality. Oat samples with lower levels of bimodality tended to be of higher test weight and groat percentage and thus, of better milling quality. Both methods appear satisfactory for evaluating oat kernel size uniformity, although the sequential sieving method is likely to be more useful to breeding programs because of its relative technical ease and simplicity. C1 USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Williston Res Extens Ctr, Williston, ND 58801 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 24 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1178 EP 1186 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400008 ER PT J AU Bai, GH Das, MK Carver, BF Xu, XY Krenzer, EG AF Bai, GH Das, MK Carver, BF Xu, XY Krenzer, EG TI Covariation for microsatellite marker alleles associated with Rht8 and coleoptile length in winter wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DWARFING GENE RHT8; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; PLANT HEIGHT; DUAL-PURPOSE; BREAD WHEAT; ENVIRONMENT; LOCUS; YIELD AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum; L.) cultivars with greater coleoptile elongation are preferred in low-precipitation dryland regions and in early-planted management systems of the Great Plains, but the presence of GA3 (gibberellin)-insensitive dwarfing genes tends to restrict coleoptile elongation. The agronomic value of Rht8 and the discovery of its diagnostic microsatellite marker, Xgwm 261, have accelerated breeders' interest in Rht8 as an alternative dwarfing gene. Our objectives were to determine allelic distributions at the marker locus in contemporary samples of hard winter and soft red winter wheat relative to samples of Chinese accessions from a Rht8-rich geographic region, and to compare coleoptile elongation in the presence or absence of Rht8 determined by the Xgwm 261 marker. The 165-bp (primarily hard winter wheats) and the 174-bp (primarily soft red winter wheats) alleles of Xgwm 261 were most frequent. About 8% of all U.S. accessions carried the 192-bp allele diagnostic for Rht8, compared with 64% of the Chinese accessions. Coleoptile length varied among accessions from 4.4 to 11.4 cm. Frequency distributions for 192- and non-192-bp genotypes showed no advantage of the 192-bp allele to coleoptile elongation. None of the 192-bp genotypes from the Great Plains showed greater coleoptile length than 'TAM 107', a hard red winter cultivar without Rht8 often chosen over contemporary cultivars for its greater emergence capacity with deeper seed placement. Since coleoptile elongation may be controlled by several quantitative trait loci, identifying only the presence of 192-bp allele of Xgwm 261 may be misleading if the primary motivation for its deployment is to increase coleoptile length in a semidwarf plant type. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@agron.ksu.edu NR 20 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1187 EP 1194 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400009 ER PT J AU McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN Wu, JX AF McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN Wu, JX TI Primitive accession derived germplasm by cultivar crosses as sources for cotton improvement: I. Phenotypic values and variance components SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HOST-PLANT GERMPLASM; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; GENETIC VARIANCES; COMBINING ABILITY; YIELD COMPONENTS; F2 HYBRIDS; EPISTASIS; HETEROSIS; QTLS AB Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is grown primarily for its spinnable fibers. To meet textile mill requirements and producer demands, both fiber quality and yield must be improved. This study was conducted to compare yield and fiber quality when exotic derived lines were crossed to cultivars. Fourteen germplasm lines with high fiber strength derived from selected primitive accessions were crossed as male parents to each of five cultivars. The F-2 populations and parents were grown at two different field locations in 1998 and 1999. Parents and F(3)s were grown at two locations in 2000. Parents, F-2, and F-3 populations were evaluated for yield, yield components, and fiber quality traits. Combination of location and year was considered an environment for data analyses. An additive-dominance, additive X additive (ADAA), and genotype X environment interaction genetic model was used for data analysis. A mixed linear model approach, minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) was used to estimate genetic variance components on the basis of the ADAA model. Cultivars had higher yields and lint percentages than germplasm lines. Fiber strength for germplasm lines exceeded cultivars. Lint percentage, boll weight, micronaire reading, elongation, and fiber length were similar between F-2 and F-3 populations and near mid-parent values. Both additive and additive X additive (AA) epistatic effects significantly controlled all agronomic and most fiber traits. Significant dominance effects were detected for all traits except fiber elongation. Additive X environment and dominance X environment interaction effects were detected for most traits. Significant AA X environment interaction effects were detected for agronomic traits but not fiber traits. The additive X environment effect was significant; however, it made a small contribution to the total variance. This study suggest that Crosses between day-neutral derived lines from photoperiodic primitive accessions and commercial cultivars may allow both the utilization of heterosis and the use of genetic variation for pure line development. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McCarty, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM JMcCarty@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 NR 23 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1226 EP 1230 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400014 ER PT J AU McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN Wu, JX AF McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN Wu, JX TI Primitive accession derived germplasm by cultivar crosses as sources for cotton improvement: II. Genetic effects and genotypic values SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DAY-NEUTRAL GENES; INTROGRESSION AB Primitive accession derived germplasm of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., may provide useful traits for cultivar improvement. The ability to predict advanced generation performance when crossed with commercial cultivars would enhance their utility and encourage their use in breeding programs. Our objective for this study was to predict genetic effects for day-neutral derived lines derived from primitive accessions and crossed to cultivars using a mixed linear model approach. Parents and F-2 populations were grown at two field locations in 1998 and 1999 and parents and F(3)s were grown at two locations in 2000. Lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality traits were evaluated. An additive-dominance additive X additive (ADAA) model was used for genetic analysis. A mixed linear model, minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) was used to predict genetic effects and genotype values. Generally, the female cultivar parents had higher additive effects for lint yield and lint percentage; however, these females generally had lower additive effects for fiber strength. Significant AA effects widely existed among parents and F-2 populations for lint percentage, boll weight, and fiber strength. The correlation coefficients between observed values and predicted values were mainly high among traits and environments. These data suggest that it is appropriate to use the ADAA genetic model to predict genetic effects and hybrid genotypic values for advanced generations. Our study showed that fiber strength may be significantly improved over that of the female parents, while the lint yield was slightly but not significantly predicted to be less than their female parents. This study suggested that day-neutral primitive germplasm accessions provided a valuable gene resource for selecting high yielding lines with significantly improved fiber strength. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McCarty, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM JMcCarty@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1231 EP 1235 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400015 ER PT J AU Menz, MA Klein, RR Unruh, NC Rooney, WL Klein, PE Mullet, JE AF Menz, MA Klein, RR Unruh, NC Rooney, WL Klein, PE Mullet, JE TI Genetic diversity of public inbreds of sorghum determined by mapped AFLP and SSR markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; BICOLOR L MOENCH; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LINES; MAIZE; ZEA; GERMPLASM; SIMILARITY; ACCESSIONS AB The objectives of this study were (i) to assess the level of genetic diversity in elite sterility-maintaining (B) and fertility-restoring (R) sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines as compared with a group of exotic and converted germplasm (IS) from the World Collection, (ii) to compare the classification of germplasm on the basis of estimates of genetic similarities obtained by means of AFLP and microsatellite (SSR) markers, and (iii) to compare the classification of germplasm obtained by different classes of molecular markers. A set of 100 SSRs, 1318 EcoRI/MseI AFLP, and 496 PstI/MseI AFLP markers with known map positions were utilized to determine the genetic similarity in a group of B, R, and IS public inbreds. Cluster analysis of genetic similarity estimates (GS(ij)) revealed that the classification of sorghum inbreds is based on the sorghum working groups, Zera-zera, Kafir, Kafir-Milo, Durra, and Feterita. Cluster analyses failed to give a clear differentiation between B- and R-lines, suggesting that R- and B-lines do not represent well-defined heterotic groups in this set of public lines. By comparing the different classes of molecular markers (SSRs, AFLPs, combinations of SSRs and AFLPs), we determined that the distribution of the markers and the coverage of the genome by the markers did affect the classification of genotypes. Dendrograms of genetic similarity (GS) based on PstI/MseI AFLP markers, or a set of markers spaced at 1- to 2-cM intervals across the genome, produced clusters that were in better agreement with pedigree information than the analysis based solely on the EcoRI/ MseI AFLP or SSR markers used in this study. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Klein, RR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bob@sorggenome.tamu.edu NR 43 TC 67 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1236 EP 1244 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400016 ER PT J AU Porter, DR Mornhinweg, DW AF Porter, DR Mornhinweg, DW TI New sources of resistance to greenbug in barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM HOMOPTERA; BIOTYPE-H; APHIDIDAE AB Most biotypes of the greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] are extremely damaging to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). However, greenbug biotype G has been reported to be unable to successfully feed on barley, and is described as the first greenbug avirulent to 'Wintermalt' barley (which is susceptible to all other greenbug biotypes). The objective of this study was to determine the pest status of greenbug biotype G in barley by characterizing the response of select barley cultivars and germplasm to greenbug biotype G feeding. Eight barley and four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and germplasm were challenged with biotype G and damage ratings recorded after 22 d of infestation. Barley is indeed a host of biotype G and genetic diversity exists within barley for reaction to attack by greenbug biotype G. Three barley cultivars were killed by biotype G, while five were resistant to feeding damage. These new sources of resistance to greenbug biotype G in barley should prove useful in the development of new greenbug-resistant barley cultivars. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Porter, DR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM David.Porter@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1245 EP 1247 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400017 ER PT J AU Kim, W Johnson, JW Baenziger, PS Lukaszewski, AJ Gaines, CS AF Kim, W Johnson, JW Baenziger, PS Lukaszewski, AJ Gaines, CS TI Agronomic effect of wheat-rye translocation carrying rye chromatin (1R) from different sources SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; CHROMOSOME 1B/1R TRANSLOCATION; END-USE QUALITY; 1BL/1RS TRANSLOCATION; WINTER-WHEAT; PERFORMANCE; 1B; STOCKS; LINES; SUBSTITUTION AB The confounding effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic background has been addressed as the major factor in inconsistent agronomic performances of 1RS translocation. The objective of this study was to test the effects of centric translocations of chromosome 1 in various rye (Secale cereal L.) sources on agronomic performance of wheat grown in humid southeastern conditions in North America. Various 1R substitution, 1RS translocation, and 1RL translocation lines in 'Pavon 76' were evaluated for agronomic performance. The 1RS translocation line was most favorable for agronomic performance when compared with those of substitution, 1RL translocation, and controls. The 1RS significantly increased grain yield. However, the effect of source of rye chromatin was greater than its position effect in wheat genome. Among translocation lines, those with 1RS derived from 'E12165' (CIMMYT) and 'Amigo' induced higher mean grain yield and T1DL(.)1RS derived from 'BH1146/Blanco rye' had the lowest grain yield. The mean grain yield of 1RL translocation lines was lower than that of 1R substitution. Thus, selection of 1RS source is important in producing constantly higher grain yield in 1RS translocation lines. Genetic recombination among different 1RS may also be used to create more genetic variation. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Johnson, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM jjohnson@griffin.uga.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 27 TC 38 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1254 EP 1258 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400019 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT AF Pettigrew, WT TI Physiological consequences of moisture deficit stress in cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON EXCHANGE-RATES; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; SEASON WATER-STRESS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; NITROGEN DEFICIENCY; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE; GAS-EXCHANGE; DROUGHT; GROWTH AB Moisture deficits can depress cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint yield in all cotton production regions. However, most cotton physiological drought stress research has been conducted in and production regions, growth chambers, or greenhouses. The objective of this research was to document the effects of moisture deficit stress on the physiology of cotton grown in the humid southeastern USA. Field studies were conducted under dryland and irrigated conditions from 1998 to 2001 with eight genotypes, including an okra-normal leaftype near-isoline pair and transgenic lines paired with their recurrent parents. Dry matter partitioning, light interception, canopy temperature, leaf water potential, gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, and leaf Chl content data were collected. Genotypes responded similarly to both soil moisture regimes. Drought stress reduced overall plant stature with a 35% leaf area index (LAI) reduction, prompting an 8% reduction in solar radiation interception. Dryland leaves had 6% greater CO2 exchange rates (CER) and 9% higher light-adapted photosystem II (PSII) quantum efficiency than irrigated leaves during the morning. However, as water potential of the dryland plants became more depressed during the afternoon, the CER and light adapted PSII quantum efficiency of the dryland plants became inhibited and was 6 and 10% lower, respectively, than irrigated leaves. A 19% greater Chl content for the dryland leaves contributed to their higher CER during the morning. This polarity of photosynthesis throughout the day for the dryland plants relative to irrigated plants may explain some of the irrigation yield response inconsistencies in the southeastern USA. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bpettigrew@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 21 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1265 EP 1272 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400021 ER PT J AU Chong, SK Boniak, R Indorante, S Ok, CH Buschschulte, D AF Chong, SK Boniak, R Indorante, S Ok, CH Buschschulte, D TI Carbon dioxide content in golf green rhizosphere SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Anaerobic soils limit the amount of free oxygen available in the rhizosphere, and therefore will impede grass root development and restrain nutrient availability for turf growth. An in situ study was conducted on existing greens to investigate the relationship between CO2 content in the rhizosphere and turf quality. Nine greens were selected in the study. On each green, five 1-m-diam. circular plots were randomly selected for conducting the experiment. The greens were sampled seven times from August 1998 to August 1999. Data collected from each plot included turf quality index (TQI), CO2 content, and physical properties of the rooting mixtures. Turf quality declined drastically when CO2 content in the rhizosphere increased to 5 to 6 muL L-1 during the late summer season. The CO2 content increased as water content in the root zone increased, but was inversely related to infiltration rate. Cultivation of a golf green may reduce CO2 content in the rhizosphere, but the benefit of cultivation decreased with time. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USDA, NCRS, Wood River, IL 62095 USA. RP Chong, SK (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM skchong@siu.edu NR 15 TC 6 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1337 EP 1340 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400030 ER PT J AU Skinner, RH Gustine, DL Sanderson, MA AF Skinner, RH Gustine, DL Sanderson, MA TI Growth, water relations, and nutritive value of pasture species mixtures under moisture stress SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRASSLANDS-PUNA CHICORY; CICHORIUM-INTYBUS L; HYDRAULIC LIFT; COMPANION GRASSES; FORAGE CHICORY; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; PLANTS; CONSEQUENCES; PERSISTENCE AB Pasture productivity under harsh environments can be increased by planting more drought-resistant species or by increasing species diversity. This research was conducted under two large (10.2 x 26.8 m) rainout shelters combined with a drip irrigation system to provide deficit, normal, and excessive moisture conditions. A two-species mixture containing the relatively drought-tolerant species, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) and two five-species mixtures were compared with a mixture containing the drought-sensitive species, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), which are the predominant species in northeastern USA pastures. Plots were clipped from mid-May to early October in 2000 and 2001 on a schedule that mimicked management-intensive grazing practices. The five-species mixture containing chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), orchardgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and white clover had the greatest dry matter yield at all moisture levels. Yield in that mixture increased 89% in the dry, 61% in the normal, and 43% (by weight) in the wet treatments compared with the white clover/ Kentucky bluegrass mixture. Increased yield was primarily due to the robust growth of chicory which dominated the mixture, accounting for 71% of harvested biomass by the fall of 2001. In addition, white clover growing in the mixture with chicory had improved leaf water relations and greater relative growth rates than white clover growing in the two-species mixture. Including the functional attribute of a deep-rooted forb appeared to be more important than species richness, per se, in improving forage yield. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Skinner, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014 NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 45 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1361 EP 1369 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400034 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Skinner, RH Kujawski, J van der Grinten, M AF Sanderson, MA Skinner, RH Kujawski, J van der Grinten, M TI Virginia wildrye evaluated as a potential native cool-season forage in the Northeast USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CANOPY STRUCTURE; RYEGRASS LOLIUM; TALL FESCUE; PRODUCTIVITY; COMPONENTS; YIELD; GRASSES AB Most forage grasses grown in the northeastern USA are introduced species. Interest in native plant species for conservation and production has increased because of new federal policies. We evaluated northeastern accessions of the native cool-season grass Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus L.) for yield, persistence, and plant morphological traits. Thirteen accessions, one cultivar (Omaha), and one commercial ecotype of Elymus were transplanted into single-row field plots in late summer of 2000 at Beltsville, MD, Rock Springs, PA, and Big Flats, NY. Two orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars; were the checks. Yield and morphology (leaf width, length, mass, area, and tillers per plant) data were collected during 2001 and 2002. The Elymus accessions produced as much dry matter (28-57 g per plant) as the cultivar and commercial ecotype. Orchardgrass; yielded more than twice as much dry matter than the mean of all Elymus entries (94 vs. 34 g per plant averaged for years and locations). The difference in productivity was related to reduced tillering in Elymus especially during regrowth. Yield per plant was strongly correlated (r = 0.62-0.81, P < 0.01) with the number of tillers per plant. Differences in productivity were also reflected in leaf blade traits, with Elymus having a lower leaf area and mass than orchardgrass. Leaf traits were positively correlated (r = 0.35-0.56, P < 0.05) with plant yield. Some northeastern Elymus accessions would probably perform as well as the commercial sources of Elymus in conservation plantings. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Plant Mat Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, NRCS, Plant Mat Ctr, Big Flats, NY 14830 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mas44@psu.edu NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1379 EP 1384 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400036 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Skinner, RH van der Grinten, M Kujawski, J AF Sanderson, MA Skinner, RH van der Grinten, M Kujawski, J TI Nutritive value of Virginia wildrye, a cool-season grass native to the northeast USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIGESTIBILITY AB Interest in native plant species for conservation and production has increased because of new federal policies. We evaluated accessions of the native cool-season grass Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus L.) from the northeastern USA for nutritive value and its association with plant morphological traits. Thirteen accessions, one cultivar (Omaha), and one commercial ecotype of Elymus were transplanted into single-row field plots in late summer of 2000 at Beltsville, MD, Rock Springs, PA, and Big Flats, NY. Two orchardgrass (Dacrylis glomerata L.) cultivars were included. Primary growth was harvested in April (Beltsville) or May (Rock Springs and Big Flats) of 2001 and 2002 and analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), and digestible NDF (dNDF). Nutritive value measures were related to plant morphological attributes [leaf width, length, area, and leaf-to-stem mass ratio (LSR)]. Virginia wildrye accessions differed (P < 0.01) in nutritive value and often had lower NDF and higher CP and dNDF than the commercial ecotype, Omaha cultivar, and orchardgrass. The LSR accounted for most of the variation in nutritive value. Orchardgrass was more mature at harvest than Elymus entries and thus lower in nutritive value. Neutral detergent fiber was negatively correlated with LSR (r = -0.26 to -0.74, P < 0.05), whereas CP and dNDF were positively correlated (r = 0.36 to 0.80 for CP and 0.44 to 0.74 for dNDF, P < 0.05). Neutral detergent fiber was also positively correlated (r = 0.27 to 0.86, P < 0.05) with leaf length. Virginia wildrye is comparable to other cool-season grasses in nutritive value. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Plant Mat Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, NRCS, Plant Mat Ctr, Big Flats, NY 14830 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mas44@psu.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1385 EP 1390 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400037 ER PT J AU Frank, AB Berdahl, JD Hanson, JD Liebig, MA Johnson, HA AF Frank, AB Berdahl, JD Hanson, JD Liebig, MA Johnson, HA TI Biomass and carbon partitioning in switchgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-PLAINS GRASSLANDS; SOIL CARBON; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; DIOXIDE FLUXES; NITROGEN; NORTHERN; IMPACTS; GRASSES; MANAGEMENT AB Grasslands have an underground biomass component that serves as a carbon (C) storage sink. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has potential as a biofuel crop. Our objectives were to determine biomass and C partitioning in aboveground and belowground plant components and changes in soil organic C in switchgrass. Cultivars Sunburst and Dacotah were field grown over 3 yr at Mandan, ND. Aboveground biomass was sampled and separated into leaves, stems, senesced, and litter biomass. Root biomass to 1.1-m depth and soil organic C to 0.9-m depth was determined. Soil C loss from respiratory processes was determined by measuring CO2 flux from early May to late October. At seed ripe harvest, stem biomass accounted for 46% of total aboveground biomass, leaves 7%, senesced plant parts 43%, and litter 4%. Excluding crowns, root biomass averaged 27% of the total plant biomass and 84% when crown tissue was included with root biomass. Carbon partitioning among aboveground, crown, and root biomass showed that crown tissue contained approximately 50% of the total biomass C. Regression analysis indicated that soil organic C to 0.9-m depth increased at the rate of 1.01 kg cm(-2) yr(-1). Carbon lost through soil respiration processes was equal to 44% of the C content of the total plant biomass. Although an amount equal to nearly half of the C captured in plant biomass during a year is lost through soil respiration, these results suggest that northern Great Plains switchgrass plantings have potential for storing a significant quantity of soil C. C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 459,Hwy 6 S, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM franka@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 24 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 38 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1391 EP 1396 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400038 ER PT J AU Adhikari, TB Wallwork, H Goodwin, SB AF Adhikari, TB Wallwork, H Goodwin, SB TI Microsatellite markers linked to the Stb2 and Stb3 genes for resistance to septoria tritici blotch in wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE; SPECKLED LEAF BLOTCH; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; SPRING WHEAT; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; RUST RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE AB dSeptoria tritici blotch (STB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by the fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schrdt. in Cohn (anamorph: Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz.), occurs naturally in all wheat production areas around the world. Two genes for resistance to this disease, Stb2 and Stb3, have been identified in wheat germplasm and together confer resistance to the most prevalent strains of M. graminicola in Australia and the USA. However, so far neither gene has been mapped in the wheat genome and their linkage relationships to other markers are not known. The objectives of this study were to identify molecular markers linked to the STB resistance genes Stb2 and Stb3 and to map these genes in the wheat genome. Genetic families of doubled-haploid populations segregating for Stb2 and Stb3 were evaluated in the greenhouse for STB reaction during the spring and fall seasons of 2002 and 2003. Genomic DNA isolated from each segregating population was analyzed with microsatellite or simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers in bulked-segregant analysis to identify those that cosegregated with the STB phenotypes. Linkage analysis identified rive SSR markers near the Stb2 gene on the distal region of the short arm of chromosome 3B. Loci Xgwm389 and Xgwm533.1 were approximately 1 cM distal to Stb2, which itself was 3.7 cM distal to Xgwm493. In addition to Stb2, this genomic region contains multiple genes conferring resistance to taxonomically diverse fungal pathogens of wheat, including a major quantitative trait locus for resistance to Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). The SSR marker Xgdm132 was linked to the Stb3 gene at a distance of approximately 3 cM on the short arm of chromosome 6D. The microsatellite markers identified in this study should facilitate marker-assisted selection and pyramiding of Stb2 and Stb3 with other STB resistance genes for more durably resistant wheat. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Cooperat Res Ctr Mol Plant Breeding, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sgoodwin@purdue.edu NR 48 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1403 EP 1411 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400040 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Bradley, VL Evans, MA AF Johnson, RC Bradley, VL Evans, MA TI Infloreseence sampling improves effective population size of grasses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGENERATION AB Variation in seed production per plant leads to reductions in effective population size (N-e), which is a major factor promoting genetic drift of heterogenetic populations during seed collection and regeneration. The objectives of this study were (i) to compare N-e to the census population size (N-c) among different seed harvest methods; (ii) use inflorescence sampling to determine N-e/N-c for numerous heterogenetic grass species, and (iii) to predict the optimum number of inflorescences per plant to most efficiently increase N-e. Estimates of N-e/N-c from rubbing whole plants, cutting whole plants, and from sampling a constant two inflorescences per plant were made on Festuca pratens is Huds., Lolium perenne L., and Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love accessions. Inflorescence sampling was also completed on four accessions of Bromus inermis Leyss., Dactylis glomerata L., F. arundinacea Schreb., L. perenne, Pseudoroegneria spicata, and Phalaris aquatica L. The mean N-e/N-c for the inflorescence method was 0.78, significantly higher then the 0.64 average for the cut or rub methods. For all species and entries, the slope of the curves describing N-e/N-c to inflorescence number was initially steep from 1 to 3 inflorescences and then leveled off asymptotically. Thus, most of the benefit occurs after sampling only a few inflorescences. The results show that sampling a constant number of inflorescences per plant promotes N-e and reduces the potential for genetic drift associated with collection and regeneration of heterogenetic grass populations. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rcjohnson@wsu.edu NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1450 EP 1455 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400046 ER PT J AU Santacruz-Varela, A Widrlechner, MP Ziegler, KE Salvador, RJ Millard, MJ Bretting, PK AF Santacruz-Varela, A Widrlechner, MP Ziegler, KE Salvador, RJ Millard, MJ Bretting, PK TI Phylogenetic relationships among North American popcorns and their evolutionary links to Mexican and South American popcorns SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ISOZYME VARIATION; UNITED-STATES; MAIZE; CORN; CHARACTERS AB To determine genetic relationships among representative popcorns (Zea mays L.) of the New World, 56 maize populations from the USA and nine Latin American countries were characterized for 29 morphological traits, 18 isozyme loci, and 31 SSR loci. Cluster and principal component analyses were performed upon standardized morphological data and allelic frequencies from isozyme and SSR loci to elucidate relationships among populations within a geographical and historical context. Three groups of popcorn, with distinctive morphological characteristics and genetic profiles, were identified in the North American populations. The first group includes the North American Yellow Pearl Popcorns, which are currently the most important for U.S. commercial production. This group could be derived from introductions of the race Curagua from Chile into New England in the 19th Century. The second group includes the North American Pointed Rice Popcorns, which probably originated from the complex of traditional races of pointed popcorns from Latin America, such as Palomero Toluqueno, Confite Puntiagudo, Canguil, and Pisankalla, which diffused from the highlands of central Mexico into northern Mexico and then into southwestern USA. The third group includes the North American Early Popcorns, which show a marked influence of Northern Flint maize, from which they probably acquired the trait of early maturity. This third group also shows genetic influences of maize from northwestern Mexico and even from early European varieties of popcorn introduced late in the 19th Century. We propose that the three groups of North American popcorn identified in this study be recognized taxonomically as distinct races, and we provide characteristic traits as well as isozyme and SSR alleles to define the new races. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Edo Mexico, Mexico. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20715 USA. RP Widrlechner, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM isumw@iastate.edu NR 44 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1456 EP 1467 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400047 ER PT J AU Carver, BF Krenzer, EG Hunger, RM Porter, DR Smith, EL Klatt, AR Verchot-Lubicz, J Rayas-Duarte, P Guenzi, AC Bai, G Martin, BC AF Carver, BF Krenzer, EG Hunger, RM Porter, DR Smith, EL Klatt, AR Verchot-Lubicz, J Rayas-Duarte, P Guenzi, AC Bai, G Martin, BC TI Registration of 'Ok102' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Carver, BF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM bfc@okstate.edu RI Verchot, Jeanmarie/I-4583-2012 OI Verchot, Jeanmarie/0000-0001-8789-3144 NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1468 EP 1469 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400048 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, AMH Haley, SD Jin, Y Langham, MAC Stymiest, C Rickertsen, J Kalsbeck, S Little, R Chung, OK Seabourn, BW McVey, DV AF Ibrahim, AMH Haley, SD Jin, Y Langham, MAC Stymiest, C Rickertsen, J Kalsbeck, S Little, R Chung, OK Seabourn, BW McVey, DV TI Registration of 'Expedition' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ibrahim, AMH (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Amir_Ibrahim@sdstate.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1470 EP 1471 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400050 ER PT J AU Baenziger, PS Beecher, B Graybosch, RA Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Krall, JM Mcvey, DV Watkins, JE Hatchett, JH Chen, MS AF Baenziger, PS Beecher, B Graybosch, RA Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Krall, JM Mcvey, DV Watkins, JE Hatchett, JH Chen, MS TI Registration of 'Goodstreak' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Wyoming, Torrington Res & Ext Ctr, Torrington, WY 82840 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dep Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Pbaenzigerl@unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1473 EP 1474 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400053 ER PT J AU Baenziger, PS Beecher, B Graybosch, RA Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Mcvey, DV Watkins, JE Hatchett, JH Chen, MS AF Baenziger, PS Beecher, B Graybosch, RA Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Mcvey, DV Watkins, JE Hatchett, JH Chen, MS TI Registration of 'Harry' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dep Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dep Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dep Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dep Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Pbaenzigerl@unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1474 EP 1475 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400054 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ McPhee, KE AF Muehlbauer, FJ McPhee, KE TI Registration of 'Merrit' lentil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1487 EP 1488 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400070 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ McPhee, KE AF Muehlbauer, FJ McPhee, KE TI Registration of 'Pennell' lentil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1488 EP 1488 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400071 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Chung, OK AF Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Chung, OK TI Registration of N95L11881 and 97L9521 strong gluten IBLARS wheat germplasm lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rag@unlserve.unl.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1490 EP 1491 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400074 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Souza, EJ Berzonsky, WA Baenziger, PS McVey, DJ Chung, OK AF Graybosch, RA Souza, EJ Berzonsky, WA Baenziger, PS McVey, DJ Chung, OK TI Registration of nineteen waxy spring wheats SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen, ID USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, 344 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rag@unlserve.unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1491 EP 1492 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400075 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Porter, DR Chung, OK AF Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Porter, DR Chung, OK TI Registration of N96L9970 greenbug resistant wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rag@unlserve.unl.edu NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1492 EP 1493 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400076 ER PT J AU Abel, CA Kilen, TC AF Abel, CA Kilen, TC TI Registration of D95-6271 soybean germplasm line resistant to velvetbean caterpillar SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Abel, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cabel@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1495 EP 1496 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400079 ER PT J AU Rutger, JN Moldenhauer, KAK Gravois, KA Lee, FN Norman, RJ Bryant, RJ AF Rutger, JN Moldenhauer, KAK Gravois, KA Lee, FN Norman, RJ Bryant, RJ TI Registration of five induced semidwarf mutants of rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Sugar Res Stn, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. RP Rutger, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM jnrutger@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1496 EP 1497 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400080 ER PT J AU Rutger, JN Bryant, RJ Moldenhauer, KAK Gibbons, J AF Rutger, JN Bryant, RJ Moldenhauer, KAK Gibbons, J TI Registration of goldhull low Phytic acid (GLPA) germplasm of rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Rutger, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM jnrutger@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1497 EP 1498 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400081 ER PT J AU Rutger, JN Moldenhauer, KAK Gibbons, J Anders, MM Bryant, RJ AF Rutger, JN Moldenhauer, KAK Gibbons, J Anders, MM Bryant, RJ TI Registration of LGRU ef early flowering mutant of rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Rutger, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM jnrutger@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1498 EP 1498 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400082 ER PT J AU Warburton, ML Brown-Guedira, GL Nelson, RL AF Warburton, ML Brown-Guedira, GL Nelson, RL TI Registration of LG92-4208, LG94-1128, LG94-1906, and LG94-4667 soybean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKERS; RAPD C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CIMMYT Int, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Entomol Res Unit, Dept Agron,Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2001, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rlnelson@uiuc.edu NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1501 EP 1502 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400085 ER PT J AU Yu, MH Lewellen, RT AF Yu, MH Lewellen, RT TI Registration of root-knot nematode-resistant sugarbeet germplasm M6-2 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Sta, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Sta, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rlewellen@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1502 EP 1503 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400086 ER PT J AU Guttieri, M Bowen, D Dorsch, JA Raboy, V Souza, E AF Guttieri, M Bowen, D Dorsch, JA Raboy, V Souza, E TI Identification and characterization of a low phytic acid wheat (vol 44, pg 418, 2004) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. BASF Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Souza, E (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, POB 870, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM esouza@uidaho.edu NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1505 EP 1505 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836UX UT WOS:000222582400089 ER PT J AU Asztalos, BF AF Asztalos, BF TI High-density lipoprotein metabolism and progression of atherosclerosis: new insights from the HDL Atherosclerosis Treatment Study SO CURRENT OPINION IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE high-density lipoprotein; high-density lipoprotein subspecies; atherosclerosis; anti-atherogenicity ID ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; LECITHIN-CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; ACTIVATING FACTOR-ACETYLHYDROLASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR-BI; CELLULAR CHOLESTEROL; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS AB Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the potentially antiatherogenic properties of high-density lipoprotein related to its different components. Recent findings Recent findings on the role of the different high-density lipoprotein subspecies in reverse cholesterol transport, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and low-density lipoprotein oxidation are covered. Special emphasis is put on the heterogeneity of high-density lipoprotein and functional changes related to specific high-density lipoprotein particles with the potential therapeutic alterations of high-density lipoprotein metabolism. Summary The diverse action of high-density lipoprotein observed could be explained by the heterogeneity of high-density lipoprotein particles with completely different composition and properties. The modification of specific high-density lipoprotein subpopulations to reach the maximum atheroprotective effects under various pathologic conditions bears great potential in lipid research. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Asztalos, BF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bela.asztalos@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL-64738, R01 HL064738] NR 86 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0268-4705 J9 CURR OPIN CARDIOL JI Curr. Opin. Cardiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1097/01.hco.0000126979.41946.7e PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 836CU UT WOS:000222533700015 PM 15218401 ER PT J AU Fielding, DJ AF Fielding, DJ TI Intraspecific competition and spatial heterogeneity alter life history traits in an individual-based model of grasshoppers* SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE artificial life; Orthoptera; Acrididae; life history evolution; plasticity ID MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES ORTHOPTERA; VARIABLE FOOD QUALITY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; REACTION NORMS; POPULATION REGULATION; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; BODY-SIZE; ACRIDIDAE; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB An individual-based model (IBM) was developed to examine the effects of intraspecific competition and spatial structuring of food on life history traits of grasshoppers inhabiting temperate-zone grasslands. Each individual carried real-valued genes which determined size of offspring and size at maturity, and which were passed on to its offspring. Size at maturity was a plastic trait, depending on an individual's growth rate, whereas size of offspring was a fixed trait. Individuals with more successful combinations of traits produced more offspring that eventually came to dominate the population. Populations were food limited and intraspecific competition was either exploitative or size-based interference. Growth rates and fecundity depended on food quality, which declined within season as a function of day of year and the proportion consumed by grasshoppers. Three different spatial distributions of food quality were examined: uniform, random, and clumped. Optimal egg size was larger under interference competition and spatially clumped resources. Reaction norms of size at maturity were strongly affected by type of competition, and, by spatial distribution of resources within exploitative competition, but not under interference competition. The IBM shows promise as a means of analyzing life history evolution in grasshoppers in relation to processes that arise from localized interactions between individuals. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fielding, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffdjf1@uaf.edu NR 73 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 175 IS 2 BP 169 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.10.014 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 827IH UT WOS:000221892400005 ER PT J AU Long, SW Pound, JM Yu, XJ AF Long, SW Pound, JM Yu, XJ TI Ehrlichia prevalence in Amblyomma americanum, central Texas SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; CHAFFEENSIS; INFECTION; IXODIDAE; ACARI; TICKS C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. USDA ARS, Kerrville, TX USA. RP Long, SW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. EM swlong@utmb.edu RI Long, S. Wesley/A-9651-2008 OI Long, S. Wesley/0000-0003-3043-5307 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI45871] NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1342 EP 1343 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 835CF UT WOS:000222456800040 PM 15338551 ER PT J AU Elsasser, TH Kahl, S Macleod, C Nicholson, B Sartin, JL Li, CJ AF Elsasser, TH Kahl, S Macleod, C Nicholson, B Sartin, JL Li, CJ TI Mechanisms underlying growth hormone effects in augmenting nitric oxide production and protein tyrosine nitration during endotoxin challenge SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; SEPTIC SHOCK; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; SYNTHASE INHIBITORS; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MURINE MODEL; DOUBLE-BLIND; FACTOR I; RAT AB The present study defined the effects of GH administration on components of the nitric oxide (NO)-generating cascade to account for observed increases in NO production and protein nitration after an immune challenge. Calves were assigned to groups with or without GH treatment (100 mug GH/kg body weight or placebo im, daily for 12 d) and with or without low-level endotoxin [ lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 2.5 mug/kg, or placebo, iv]. Plasma was obtained for estimation of NO changes as [NO2- + NO3-] (NOx). Transcutaneous liver biopsies were collected for measurement of protein tyrosine nitration, cationic amino acid transporter (CAT)-2 mRNA transporter, and constitutive NO synthase (cNOS), inducible NOS ( iNOS), and arginase activity. Liver protein nitration increased more than 10-fold 24 h after LPS and an additional 2-fold in animals treated with GH before LPS. GH increased plasma NOx after LPS to levels 27% greater than those measured in non-GH-treated calves. LPS increased CAT-2 mRNA after LPS; GH was associated with a 24% reduction in CAT-2 mRNA content at the peak time response. cNOS activity was 3-fold greater than iNOS after LPS. NOS activities were increased 140% (cNOS) at 3 h and 169% (iNOS) at 6 h, respectively, after LPS; GH treatment increased cNOS activity and the phosphorylation of endothelial NOS after LPS more than 2-fold over that measured in non-GH-treated calves. The data suggest that an increased production of nitrated protein develops in the liver during low-level, proinflammatory stress, and nitration is increased by GH administration through a direct effect on the competing activities of NOS and arginase, modulatable critical control points in the proinflammatory cascade. C1 ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Canc, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, B-200,Room 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM elsasser@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 62 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2055 L ST NW, SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 145 IS 7 BP 3413 EP 3423 DI 10.1210/en.2004-0063 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 829JI UT WOS:000222043900047 PM 15044352 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Adhvaryu, A Sahoo, SK Stipanovic, AJ Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, BK Adhvaryu, A Sahoo, SK Stipanovic, AJ Erhan, SZ TI Influence of chemical structures on low-temperature rheology, oxidative stability, and physical properties of group II and III base oils SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MINERAL-OILS AB The effect of base oil composition on lubricant properties has been studied to better understand low-temperature rheology, oxidative stability, and other physical properties. A simple approach has been adopted using low-temperature rheology to develop a multi-linear regression model to estimate Brookfield viscosity. Six base oils from A-PI groups II and III were studied using different nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods. One method involved determination of average structural parameters from quantitative C-13 NMR data, while the other method involved measurement of spin-lattice relaxation times at variable temperatures. The structural information obtained from these two methods was used to develop meaningful correlations for low-temperature, oxidative, and physical properties of these base oils. The study suggests that a deeper knowledge of chemical composition will help in selecting base oils to meet future product specifications. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 952 EP 959 DI 10.1021/ef0340615 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 840YK UT WOS:000222896300008 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT Herrick, JE Brown, JR Trujillo, DA Havstad, KM AF Bestelmeyer, BT Herrick, JE Brown, JR Trujillo, DA Havstad, KM TI Land management in the American Southwest: A state-and-transition approach to ecosystem complexity SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan Desert; community dynamics; desert grassland; grazing management; simulation models; rangeland; resilience; soil maps; thresholds ID SEMIARID GRAZING SYSTEMS; VEGETATION CHANGE; NONEQUILIBRIUM CONCEPTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; RANGE CONDITION; SOIL QUALITY; MODELS; VIEWPOINT; GRASSLANDS AB State-and-transition models are increasingly being used to guide rangeland management. These models provide a relatively simple, management-oriented way to classify land condition (state) and to describe the factors that might cause a shift to another state (a transition). There are many formulations of state-and-transition models in the literature. The version we endorse does not adhere to any particular generalities about ecosystem dynamics, but it includes consideration of several kinds of dynamics and management response to them. In contrast to previous uses of state-and-transition models, we propose that models can, at present, be most effectively used to specify and qualitatively compare the relative benefits and potential risks of different management actions (e.g., fire and grazing) and other factors (e.g., invasive species and climate change) on specified areas of land. High spatial and temporal variability and complex interactions preclude the meaningful use of general quantitative models. Forecasts can be made on a case-by-case basis by interpreting qualitative and quantitative indicators, historical data, and spatially structured monitoring data based on conceptual models. We illustrate how science- based conceptual models are created using several rangeland examples that vary in complexity. In doing so, we illustrate the implications of designating plant communities and states in models, accounting for varying scales of pattern in vegetation and soils, interpreting the presence of plant communities on different soils and dealing with our uncertainty about how those communities were assembled and how they will change in the future. We conclude with observations about how models have helped to improve management decision-making. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA NRCS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu NR 79 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 38 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0047-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 848JZ UT WOS:000223464900004 PM 15383873 ER PT J AU Abnee, AC Thompson, JA Kolka, RK AF Abnee, Amanda C. Thompson, James A. Kolka, Randall K. TI Landscape modeling of in situ soil respiration in a forested watershed of southeastern Kentucky, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil respiration; forest soils; predictive modeling; soil chemical properties; terrain attributes AB Data on carbon fluxes such as soil respiration are needed to develop strategies for increased carbon sequestration and reduced levels of atmospheric trace gases. Soil respiration is driven by proximal factors (e. g., soil temperature and soil moisture), which affect soil respiration by regulating microbial and root activity, and distal factors (e. g., topography), which affect soil respiration by influencing proximal factors. The objectives of this study were: (1) to relate measured carbon dioxide flux from forest soils to proximal and distal factors; and (2) to develop predictive soil-landscape models of soil respiration across a forested watershed. Carbon dioxide flux from the soil surface was measured monthly for 12 months at sampling points selected using a random stratified approach, with strata established based on slope aspect (NE and SW), slope shape (concave and convex), and slope position (upper, middle, and lower backslope). We generated empirical models using robust linear regression techniques to examine relationships between soil respiration and both proximal (soil physical and chemical properties) and distal factors (terrain attributes calculated from a 30-m digital elevation model). In situ soil respiration rates were greater on the NE-facing slopes than the SW-facing slopes. The models that we developed and validated explain up to 66% of variability in measured soil respiration, although seasonal model relationships varied. Soil temperature was the most consistent proximal factor for predicting soil respiration rates, while slope aspect was the most consistent distal factor among the models. C1 [Thompson, James A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Abnee, Amanda C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Thompson, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_thompson@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S168 EP S175 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9127-0 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700015 ER PT J AU Abnee, AC Thompson, JA Kolka, RK D'Angelo, EM Coyne, MS AF Abnee, Amanda C. Thompson, James A. Kolka, Randall K. D'Angelo, Elisa M. Coyne, Mark S. TI Landscape influences on potential soil respiration rates in a forested watershed of southeastern Kentucky SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE potential soil respiration; forest soils; predictive modeling; soil chemical properties; terrain attributes AB Soil respiration measurements conducted in the laboratory have been shown to be related to temperature and moisture, with maximum rates at soil temperatures between 25 and 40 C and soil moisture between -0.01 and -0.10 MPa. A preliminary study using forest soils from eastern Kentucky supported the previous research with soil respiration rates greater at 25 C than at 15 C, with differences in soil respiration rates related to sample site terrain characteristics. To further understand the factors that influence laboratory or potential respiration rates, we conducted a stratified sampling of soils from Robinson Experimental Forest in eastern Kentucky. Sampling was stratified by slope aspect, slope curvature, and landscape position. Potential soil respiration rates varied by slope aspect with NE aspects having greater rates than SW aspects. Rates did not vary by landscape position but did vary by slope curvature on SW aspects with concave curvatures having greater respiration rates than convex curvatures. Predictive soil respiration models based on both terrain attributes and soil chemical properties were created for both slope aspects. The relationships revealed that at this scale soil chemical properties play a more significant role in predicting soil respiration rates than terrain attributes. Models for the NE aspect were stronger than those for the SW aspect. The NE model created from a combination of terrain attributes and chemical properties included extractable Mg, extractable Zn, specific catchment area, and slope aspect (R(adj)(2) = 0.620). The SW model created from a combination of terrain attributes and soil chemical properties included extractable P, extractable Zn, and tangential curvature (R(adj)(2) = 0.413). C1 [Thompson, James A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Abnee, Amanda C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Thompson, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM James_thompson@ncsu.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S160 EP S167 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9126-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700014 ER PT J AU Bachelet, D Neilson, RP Lenihan, JM Drapek, RJ AF Bachelet, Dominique Neilson, Ronald P. Lenihan, James M. Drapek, Raymond J. TI Regional differences in the carbon source-sink potential of natural vegetation in the USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB We simulated the variability in natural ecosystem carbon storage under historical conditions (1895 - 1994) in six regions of the conterminous USA as delineated for the US-GCRP National Assessment (2001). The largest simulated variations in carbon fluxes occurred in the Midwest, where large fire events (1937, 1988) decreased vegetation biomass and soil carbon pools. The Southeast showed decadal-type trends and alternated between a carbon source (1920s, 1940s, 1970s) and a sink (1910s, 1930s, 1950s) in response to climate variations. The drought of the 1930s was most obvious in the creation of a large carbon source in the Midwest and the Great Plains, depleting soil carbon reserves. The Northeast shows the smallest amplitudes in the variation of its carbon stocks. Western regions release large annual carbon fluxes from their naturally fire-prone grassland- and shrubland-dominated areas, which respond quickly to chronic fire disturbance, thus reducing temporal variations in carbon stocks. However, their carbon dynamics reflect the impacts of prolonged drought periods as well as regional increases in rainfall from ocean-atmosphere climate regime shifts, most evident in the 1970s. Projections into the future by using the warm CGCM1 climate scenario show the Northeast becoming mostly a carbon source, the Southeast becoming the largest carbon source in the 21st century, and the two western-most regions becoming carbon sinks in the second half of the 21st century. Similar if more moderate trends are observed by using the more moderately warm HADCM2SUL scenario. C1 [Bachelet, Dominique] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Neilson, Ronald P.; Lenihan, James M.; Drapek, Raymond J.] USDA Forest Serv Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bachelet, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S23 EP S43 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9115-4 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700003 ER PT J AU Birdsey, R AF Birdsey, Richard TI Data gaps for monitoring forest carbon in the united states: An inventory perspective SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; forest inventory; remote sensing; ecosystem research AB There is increasing interest in accurate estimates of regional carbon fluxes, and identification of the causes of land/atmosphere/ocean exchange of carbon. Improved information will lead to better policies for managing greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration. The goals of this paper are to review the capability of ongoing operational inventory programs for estimating forest carbon stocks and stock changes, and to identify opportunities to improve forest carbon monitoring by enhancing these programs and supplementing them with new monitoring capability. Carbon in forest ecosystems and wood products cannot be measured directly. Ongoing forest monitoring programs provide a statistical basis for estimating carbon stocks and stock changes, based on data already collected, with a temporal resolution of about 5 years. Improvements in inventories will shorten the reporting cycle and add some variables that enhance the content with respect to carbon estimation, but it will take about a decade for full implementation. Meanwhile, there is an important role for remote sensing measurements, modeling, and imputation techniques to fill gaps in spatial coverage and content. Elements of the proposed North American Carbon Program, if implemented, will improve the estimates of forest ecosystem carbon. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Birdsey, R (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S1 EP S8 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9113-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700001 ER PT J AU Booker, FL Fiscus, EL Miller, JE AF Booker, Fitzgerald L. Fiscus, Edwin L. Miller, Joseph E. TI Combined effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on soybean whole-plant water use SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; glycine max; ozone; transpiration; water-use efficiency; yield AB Increasing concentrations of atmospheric trace gases such CO2 and O-3 might affect agricultural crop productivity in as yet unforeseen ways. A critical issue is how changes in these trace gas concentrations will affect agricultural hydrologic cycles. In order to address part of this question, a study was undertaken to test the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O-3 on whole-plant water loss. In a 2-year experiment, pot-grown soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., Essex] was exposed from emergence to maturity to reciprocal treatments of elevated CO2 and O-3 in open-top field chambers. Plants were treated with charcoal-filtered air (CF) (18 nmol O-3 mol(-1)) or CF air plus O-3 (72 nmol mol(-1)) in combination with ambient (369 mu mol mol(-1)) or elevated CO2 (718 mu mol mol(-1)). Whole-plant water loss was monitored by measuring mass changes of potted plants placed on electronic balances in each chamber. Plants on the balances were harvested weekly to determine leaf area, and were replaced with another plant previously exposed to similar treatment conditions. Seasonal average daily whole-plant water loss was lower by 17% and 28% in plants treated with elevated CO2 and O-3, respectively, compared with the control. Water loss from plants treated with both elevated CO2 and O-3 was 22% lower than the control. Elevated CO2 treatments suppressed water loss per unit leaf area by 28%, whereas water loss per unit leaf area was not significantly affected by the O-3-ambient CO2 treatment. Water use efficiency for seed production was increased 45% in the elevated CO2 treatments, but was not significantly affected by the O-3 treatments. These results suggest that whole-plant water use was lowered by elevated CO2 because of decreased stomatal conductance despite 9% more leaf area. Decreased whole-plant water loss and seed production in the O-3-ambient CO2 treatment was caused by suppressed growth and 28% less leaf area. Overall, elevated CO2 counteracted the effects of O-3 on water use, growth, and yield. These results indicate that elevated CO2 should help to buffer soybean crops against O-3 injury and water stress. C1 [Booker, Fitzgerald L.; Fiscus, Edwin L.; Miller, Joseph E.] ARS, USDA, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. RP Booker, FL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. EM fbooker@mindspring.com NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S355 EP S362 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9144-z PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700032 ER PT J AU Chen, JQ Brosofske, KD Noormets, A Crow, TR Bresee, MK Le Moine, JM Euskirchen, ES Mather, SV Zheng, D AF Chen, Jiquan Brosofske, Kimberley D. Noormets, Asko Crow, Thomas R. Bresee, Mary K. Le Moine, James M. Euskirchen, Eugenie S. Mather, Steve V. Zheng, Daolan TI A working framework for quantifying carbon sequestration in disturbed land mosaics SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon flux; land mosaics; management and disturbance; eddy-covariance method; ecosystem modeling; soil respiration ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; EDDY-COVARIANCE; UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; SOIL RESPIRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; VEGETATION RESPONSES AB We propose a working framework for future studies of net carbon exchange (NCE) in disturbed landscapes at broad spatial scales based on the central idea that landscape-level NCE is determined by the land mosaic, including its age structure. Within this framework, we argue that the area-of-edge-influence (AEI), which is prevalent in many disturbed, fragmented landscapes, should constitute a distinct ecosystem type since numerous studies have indicated unique ecological properties within these areas. We present and justify four working hypotheses currently being tested in northern Wisconsin, based on this framework: (1) the area of an ecosystem that is influenced by structural edges (e. g., AEI) has NCE that is significantly different from the ecosystem interior; (2) age structure and composition of an ecosystem play critical roles in determining the ecosystem's contribution to the cumulative net ecosystem production (NEP) of the landscape mosaic; (3) the relative importance of different structural and biophysical controls of carbon exchange is ecosystem dependent; and (4) the frequency and intensity of disturbances in time and space control the cumulative NCE of the land mosaic through alteration of ecosystems that vary in age, structure, physical environment, and interactions. In addition, we describe five different research approaches to quantify NCE at broad scales, including biometric estimations, eco-physiological methods, micrometeorological methods, applications of remote sensing and GIS, and ecosystem models. C1 [Chen, Jiquan; Brosofske, Kimberley D.; Noormets, Asko] Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Crow, Thomas R.] USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Chen, JQ (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S210 EP S221 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9131-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700019 ER PT J AU Chojnacky, DC Mickler, RA Heath, LS Woodall, CW AF Chojnacky, David C. Mickler, Robert A. Heath, Linda S. Woodall, Christopher W. TI Estimates of down woody materials in eastern US forests SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest; down dead wood; coarse woody debris; CWD; duff; litter; FIA; biomass; modeling; global climate; fire fuels AB Down woody materials (DWMs) are an important part of forest ecosystems for wildlife habitat, carbon storage, structural diversity, wildfire hazard, and other large-scale ecosystem processes. To better manage forests for DWMs, available and easily accessible data on DWM components are needed. We examined data on DWMs, collected in 2001 by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program on some plots in several states. We compiled DWM data from 778 plots to compute biomass for the following components: coarse woody material, fine woody material (three size classes), litter, duff, and shrub/herb cover. We developed regression equations to predict DWM components for extension to FIA's more intensive plot network. Seven regression equations were applied to the FIA data to create maps of DWM biomass. As a first attempt to summarize FIA DWM measurements and extend them to plots without these data, our model produces reasonable results except possibly for duff and litter. C1 [Chojnacky, David C.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Mickler, Robert A.] Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Heath, Linda S.] USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.] USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Chojnacky, DC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S44 EP S55 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9116-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700004 ER PT J AU Coleman, MD Isebrands, JG Tolsted, DN Tolbert, VR AF Coleman, Mark D. Isebrands, J. G. Tolsted, David N. Tolbert, Virginia R. TI Comparing soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations with agricultural crops and woodlots in North Central United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; hybrid poplar; switchgrass; soil bulk density; bioenergy; climate change ID SEQUESTRATION; DIOXIDE; FORESTS; BIOENERGY; DYNAMICS; OPTIONS; SYSTEMS; HYBRID; CLONES; TREES AB We collected soil samples from 27 study sites across North Central United States to compare the soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations to adjacent agricultural crops and woodlots. Soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 20 to more than 160 Mg/ha across the sampled sites. Lowest SOC levels were found in uplands and highest levels in riparian soils. We attributed differences in bulk density and SOC among cover types to the inclusion of woodlot soils in the analysis. Paired comparison found few differences between poplar and agricultural crops. Sites with significant comparisons varied in magnitude and direction. Relatively greater SOC was often observed in poplar when native soil carbon was low, but there were important exceptions. Woodlots consistently contained greater SOC than the other crops, especially at depth. We observed little difference between paired poplar and switchgrass, both promising bioenergy crops. There was no evidence of changes in poplar SOC relative to adjacent agricultural soils when considered for stand ages up to 12 years. Highly variable native SOC levels and subtle changes over time make verification of soil carbon sequestration among land cover types difficult. In addition to soil carbon storage potential, it is therefore important to consider opportunities offered by long-term sequestration of carbon in solid wood products and carbon-offset through production of bioenergy crops. Furthermore, short rotation poplars and switchgrass offer additional carbon sequestration and other environmental benefits such as soil erosion control, runoff abatement, and wildlife habitat improvement. C1 [Coleman, Mark D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Savannah River So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. [Isebrands, J. G.] Environm Forestry Consultants LLC, New London, WI 54961 USA. [Tolsted, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Tolbert, Virginia R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Coleman, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Savannah River So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM mcoleman01@fs.fed.us RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S299 EP S308 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700027 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Fuhrmann, JJ Sojka, RE Shewmaker, GE AF Entry, James A. Fuhrmann, Jeffry J. Sojka, R. E. Shewmaker, Glen E. TI Influence of irrigated agriculture on soil carbon and microbial community structure SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE microbial biomass; biolog; fatty acid methyl esters; arbuscular mycorrhizae AB Increasing the amount of carbon (C) in soils is one method to reduce the concentration of carbon dixoide (CO2) in the atmosphere. We measured organic C stored in southern Idaho soils having long-term cropping histories that supported native sagebrush vegetation (NSB), irrigated mold-board plowed crops (IMP), irrigated conservation-chisel-tilled crops (ICT), and irrigated pasture systems (IP). The CO2 emitted as a result of fertilizer production, farm operations, and CO2 lost via dissolved carbonate in irrigation water, over a 30-year period, was estimated and used to calculate net C fixation. Organic C in ecosystems decreased in the order IP > ICT > IMP > NSB. In February 2001, active fungal, bacterial, and microbial biomass was greater in IP soils than all other soils. Active fungal, bacterial, and microbial biomass was least in ICT soils at the 15-30-cm depth than all other soils. In August 2001, active bacterial biomass was greater in IMP soils than IP, ICT, and NSB soils. Active fungal biomass was greater in IP soils than all other soils. Whole-soil fatty acid profiles differed among management regimes and sampling dates and, to a lesser extent, with soil depth. FAME profiles from the NSB soils were distinct from the agricultural treatments and contained greater amounts of total fatty acids than the other treatments. The IMP and ICT soils yielded fatty acid profiles that were similar to each other, although those at the 15-30-cm depth were distinct from all other treatment-depth combinations. The IP FAME profiles suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are more common in these soils than soils from the other treatments. Differences in carbon substrate utilization patterns (BIOLOG) among treatments were more variable and less pronounced that FAME results. In general, irrigated arid soils can both increase C storage while increasing microbial biomass and changing microbial diversity. C1 [Entry, James A.; Sojka, R. E.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Fuhrmann, Jeffry J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Shewmaker, Glen E.] Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov NR 59 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S363 EP S373 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9145-y PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700033 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Sojka, RE Shewmaker, GE AF Entry, James A. Sojka, R. E. Shewmaker, Glenn E. TI Irrigation increases inorganic carbon in agricultural soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; irrigation; conservation tillage; native sagebrush AB Inorganic C reactions are among the most important chemical reactions that occur in irrigated soils and may contribute to the total amount of C sequestered in those soils. Because CO2 can escape from soils to the atmosphere or return to precipitate carbonate minerals, soils are open systems with regard to inorganic C. We measured inorganic and organic C stored in southern Idaho soils having long-term land-use histories that supported native sagebrush vegetation (NSB), irrigated moldboard plowed crops (IMP), irrigated conservation (chisel) tilled crops (ICT), and irrigated pasture systems (IP). Inorganic C and total C (inorganic + organic C) in soil decreased in the order IMP > ICT > IP > NSB. We use our findings to estimate that amount of possible inorganic and total C sequestration if irrigated agriculture were expanded by 10%. If irrigated agricultural land were expanded by 10% worldwide and NSB were converted to IMP, a possible 1.60 x 10(9) Mg inorganic C (2.78% of the total C emitted in the next 30 years) could be sequestered in soil. If irrigated agricultural land were expanded by 10% worldwide and NSB were converted to ICT, a possible 1.10 x 10(9) Mg inorganic C (1.87% of the total C emitted in the next 30 years) could be sequestered in soil. If irrigated agricultural land were expanded worldwide and NSB were converted to IP, a possible gain of 2.6 x 10(8) Mg inorganic C (0.04% of the total C emitted in the next 30 years) could be sequestered in soils. Inorganic C sequestered from land-use changes have little potential to make a significant impact on the concentration of atmospheric CO2. However, when coupled with organic C and altering land use to produce crops on high-output irrigated agriculture while selected less productive rain-fed agricultural land was returned to temperate forest or native grassland, there could be reductions in atmospheric CO2. C1 [Entry, James A.; Sojka, R. E.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Shewmaker, Glenn E.] Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jentry@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S309 EP S317 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9140-3 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700028 ER PT J AU Frank, AB AF Frank, A. B. TI Six years of CO2 flux measurements for a moderately grazed mixed-grass prairie SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; global carbon cycle; carbon budget; Bowen ratio; grasslands AB The large area occupied by temperate grassland ecosystems makes it important to determine their strength as a carbon sink. The Bowen ratio/energy balance (BREB) technique was used to determine CO2 fluxes over a moderately grazed mixed-grass prairie at Mandan, North Dakota, USA, over a 6-year period from 1996 to 2001. Above-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) were measured about every 21 days throughout the growing period. Root biomass was determined to 1.1 m depth in mid-July each year. Peak above-ground biomass typically occurred between mid-July to early August and ranged from 782 kg/ha in 1998 to 2173 kg/ha in 1999. Maximum LAI ranged from 0.4 in 1998 to 0.9 in 1999. Root biomass ranged from 11.8 Mg/ha in 1997 to 17.4 Mg/ha in 1996. Maximum daily CO2 fluxes generally coincided with periods of maximum LAI and above-ground green biomass. The average time period for CO2 uptake was 5 May to 3 October. Annual CO2 fluxes ranged from a low of 13 g CO2/m(2) in 1998 to a high of 247 g CO2/m(2) in 2001, nearly a 20-fold difference, and averaged 108 g CO2/m(2). The cumulative annual flux over all 6 years was 646 g CO2/m(2) or 176 g CO2-C/m(2). These results indicate that the strength of the carbon sink for this moderately grazed prairie site is about 30 g CO2-C/m(2)/yr, which is quite small, but considering that the site was grazed and still remains a sink for carbon, it is significant. C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM franka@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S426 EP S431 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9150-1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700038 ER PT J AU Gilliam, FS Dick, DA Kerr, ML Adams, MB AF Gilliam, Frank S. Dick, David A. Kerr, Michelle L. Adams, Mary Beth TI Effects of silvicultural practices on soil carbon and nitrogen in a nitrogen saturated central Appalachian (USA) hardwood forest ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hardwood forest management; nitrogen saturation; soil carbon; soil C/N ratio; sustainable forestry AB Silvicultural treatments represent disturbances to forest ecosystems often resulting in transient increases in net nitrification and leaching of nitrate and base cations from the soil. Response of soil carbon (C) is more complex, decreasing from enhanced soil respiration and increasing from enhanced postharvest inputs of detritus. Because nitrogen (N) saturation can have similar effects on cation mobility, timber harvesting in N-saturated forests may contribute to a decline in both soil C and base cation fertility, decreasing tree growth. Although studies have addressed effects of either forest harvesting or N saturation separately, few data exist on their combined effects. Our study examined the responses of soil C and N to several commercially used silvicultural treatments within the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, USA, a site with N-saturated soils. Soil analyses included soil organic matter (SOM), C, N, C/N ratios, pH, and net nitrification. We hypothesized the following gradient of disturbance intensity among silvicultural practices (from most to least intense): even-age with intensive harvesting (EA-I), even-age with extensive harvesting, even-age with commercial harvesting, diameter limit, and single-tree harvesting (ST). We anticipated that effects on soil C and N would be greatest for EA-I and least with ST. Tree species exhibited a response to the gradient of disturbance intensity, with early successional species more predominant in high-intensity treatments and late successional species more predominant in low-intensity treatments. Results for soil variables, however, generally did not support our predictions, with few significant differences among treatments and between treatments and their paired controls for any of the measured soil variables. Multiple regression indicated that the best predictors for net nitrification among samples were SOM (positive relationship) and pH (negative relationship). This finding confirms the challenge of sustainable management of N-saturated forests. C1 [Gilliam, Frank S.; Dick, David A.; Kerr, Michelle L.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] USDA Forest Serv, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Gilliam, FS (reprint author), Marshall Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. EM gilliam@marshall.edu NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S108 EP S119 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9121-6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700009 ER PT J AU Gilmanov, TG Johnson, DA Saliendra, NZ Akshalov, K Wylie, BK AF Gilmanov, Tagir G. Johnson, Douglas A. Saliendra, Nicanor Z. Akshalov, Kanat Wylie, Bruce K. TI Gross primary productivity of the true steppe in central Asia in relation to NDVI: Scaling up CO2 fluxes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE gross primary production; CO2 flux; true-steppe ecosystem; northern Kazakhstan; Bowen ratio/energy balance; scaling-up tower flux measurements; NDVI AB Compared to other characteristics of CO2 exchange, gross primary productivity (P-g) is most directly related to photosynthetic activity. Until recently, it was considered difficult to obtain measurement-based P-g. The objective of our study was to evaluate if P-g can be estimated from continuous CO2 flux measurements using nonlinear identification of the nonrectangular hyperbolic model of ecosystem-scale, light-response curves. Estimates of P-g and ecosystem respiration (R-e) were obtained using Bowen ratio-energy-balance measurements of CO2 exchange in a true-steppe ecosystem in northern Kazakhstan during four growing seasons (1998-2001). The maximum mean weekly apparent quantum yield (alpha(max)) was 0.0388 mol CO2 mol photons and the maximum mean weekly P-g was 28 g CO2/m(2)/day in July 2000. The highest mean weekly R(e)max (20 g CO2 m(2)/day) was observed in July of both 1999 and 2000. Nighttime respiration calculated from daily respiration corrected for length of the dark period and temperature (using Q(10) = 2) was closely associated with measured nighttime respiration (R-2 = 0.67 to 0.93). The 4-year average annual gross primary production (GPP) was 1617 g CO2/m(2)/year (range = 1308-1957). Ten-day normalized difference vegetation index corrected for the start of the season (NDVIsos) was closely associated with 10-day average P-g (R-2 = 0.66 to 0.83), which was higher than R-2 values for regressions of mean 10-day net daytime fluxes on NDVIsos (0.55-0.72). This demonstrates the advantage of using P-g in scaling up flux-tower measurements compared to other characteristics (net daytime flux or net 24-h flux). C1 [Gilmanov, Tagir G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Johnson, Douglas A.; Saliendra, Nicanor Z.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Akshalov, Kanat] Baraev Kazakh Res Inst Grain Farming, Akmola Region 474074, Kazakhstan. [Wylie, Bruce K.] EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gilmanov, TG (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Tagir_Gilmanov@sdstate.edu RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 91 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S492 EP S508 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9157-7 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700045 ER PT J AU Gollany, HT Molina, JAE Clapp, CE Allmaras, RR Layese, MF Baker, JM Cheng, HH AF Gollany, Hero T. Molina, Jean-Alex E. Clapp, C. Edward Allmaras, Raymond R. Layese, Milegua F. Baker, John M. Cheng, H. H. TI Nitrogen leaching and denitrification in continuous corn as related to residue management and nitrogen fertilization SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil organic matter; nitrate leaching; N-15; tracer N uptake; biomass; NCSWAP simulation; denitrification AB Maintaining crop production levels with reductions in terrestrial greenhouse gases requires strategic residue and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management. Our objectives were to: (1) quantify the effect of nitrogen N application rate on N losses; (2) examine the role of residue returned on N transformation and losses; and (3) verify the capability of the NCSWAP/NCSOIL model to simulate the dynamics of N and N-15 in the soil-plant system. Data obtained from a long-term continuous corn study on a silt loam soil, with two N levels (20 and 200 kg N/ha), with two types of residue management (residue harvested, -R; and residue returned, +R) was used to calibrate the model. The model accurately predicted N-15 in the plant and soil organic matter (SOM) at the 0- to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm depths for both fertilizer rates and residue managements. Concentrations of N-15 in the corn and SOM were higher for the 20 than 200 kg N/ha treatments. Greater dilution of the N-15 with nontracer fertilizer added at the higher fertilizer rate was responsible for differences in N-15 concentrations in the plant. The predicted cumulative N loss during a 30-year simulation indicates more nitrate leaching past the 1-m depth for -R than +R treatments, while higher denitrification rates were predicted for the +R than -R. The simulated cumulative effect of residue returned on denitrification over 30 years predicted increased cumulative N losses from 1320 to 1705 kg N/ha and 1333 to 2574 kg N/ha for the low and high N application rates, respectively. Better synchronization of N release from residue and addition of N fertilizer with plant-N uptake would minimize leaching and denitrification. C1 [Gollany, Hero T.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Allmaras, Raymond R.; Baker, John M.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gollany, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM hero.gollany@oregonstate.edu OI molina, jean-alex/0000-0002-5510-3109 NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S289 EP S298 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9138-x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700026 ER PT J AU Haferkamp, MR Macneil, MD AF Haferkamp, Marshall R. Macneil, M. D. TI Grazing effects on carbon dynamics in the northern mixed-grass prairie SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Northern Great Plains; grazing; carbon sequestration; grasslands; CO2 flux; Montana AB The role of rangelands in the regulation of atmospheric CO2 concentrations is a critical issue in global climate change research. Rangelands are complex ecosystems that occupy about 50% of the land area in the world and USA. We studied the effects of seasonal grazing on CO2 flux on small plots located on a silty range site in the northern mixed-grass prairie with an Eapa fine loam soil. Treatments were no grazing or short-duration intensive grazing during mid-May or mid-July in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Data were collected from mid-April to mid-October at about 30-day intervals to estimate standing crop, leaf area, soil organic C, root mass to a 30-cm soil depth, and diurnal variation of CO2 flux and soil respiration (at 08: 00, 12: 00, 16: 00, and 24: 00 hr) in closed chambers. Uptake of CO2 was greatest during spring and early summer, peak periods of precipitation and green biomass. Grazing removed an average of about 70% of the green standing crop with a subsequent reduction in CO2 uptake of 175% in May and 109% in July. Grazing in May reduced CO2 uptake for 30 days in two of the three years, whereas, grazing in July reduced CO2 flux only in 1998. Residual effects of grazing, however, declined in late summer and autumn with the onset of plant maturation. The potential C sink in the mixed-grass prairie of the Northern Great Plains appears to be small and will vary through time with intensity and timing of grazing as it interacts with climatic conditions. C1 [Haferkamp, Marshall R.; Macneil, M. D.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Haferkamp, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 66 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S462 EP S474 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9154-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700042 ER PT J AU Hunt, ER Kelly, RD Smith, WK Fahnestock, JT Welker, JM Reiners, WA AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Kelly, Robert D. Smith, William K. Fahnestock, Jace T. Welker, Jeffrey M. Reiners, William A. TI Estimation of carbon sequestration by combining remote sensing and net ecosystem exchange data for northern mixed-grass prairie and sagebrush-steppe ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE net ecosystem exchange; NDVI; absorbed photosynthetically active radiation; radiation use efficiency; sagebrush-steppe; northern mixed-grass prairie AB Carbon sequestration was estimated a northern mixed-grass prairie site and a sagebrush-steppe site in southeastern Wyoming using an approach that integrates remote sensing, CO2 flux measurements, and meteorological data. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 was measured using aircraft and ground flux techniques and was linearly related to absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). The slope of this relationship is the radiation use efficiency (epsilon = 0.51 g C/MJ APAR); there were no significant differences in the regression coefficients between the two sites. Furthermore, ecosystem chamber measurements of total respiration in 1998 and 1999 were used to develop a functional relationship with daily average temperature; the Q(10) of the relationship was 2.2. Using the Advanced Very High Resolution radiometer. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and meteorological data, annual gross primary production and respiration were calculated from 1995 to 1999 for the two sites. Overall, the sagebrush-steppe site was a net carbon sink, whereas the northern mixed-grass prairie site was in carbon balance. There was no significant relationship between NEE and APAR for a coniferous forest site, indicating this method for scaling up CO2 flux data may be only applicable to range-land ecosystems. The combination of remote sensing with data from CO2 flux networks can be used to estimate carbon sequestration regionally in range-land ecosystems. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kelly, Robert D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Smith, William K.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Fahnestock, Jace T.; Welker, Jeffrey M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reiners, William A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007 Room 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM erhunt@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013 NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S432 EP S441 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9151-0 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700039 ER PT J AU Kush, JS Meldahl, RS Mcmahon, CK Boyer, WD AF Kush, John S. Meldahl, Ralph S. Mcmahon, Charles K. Boyer, William D. TI Longleaf pine: A sustainable approach for increasing terrestrial carbon in the southern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE longleaf pine; Pinus palustris; carbon sequestration; carbon storage; US southern forests; carbon sink AB Natural communities dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) once covered an estimated two thirds of the forested area in the southeastern United States. Today, less than 1.2 million ha remain. However, over the past 10-15 years, public land managers have begun to restore many longleaf pine forests. More recently incentive programs have prompted reforestation and afforestation programs on nonindustrial private lands. These activities have been facilitated by improved longleaf regeneration technology and by expanded educational and outreach efforts. In the South, there is also a growing trend towards longer rotations due to changes in wood/fiber markets and prices. These trends suggest a new strategy to increase terrestrial carbon storage in the southeastern United States in a way that provides many simultaneous ecological and economic benefits. For example, longleaf pine is a long-lived species with a low mortality rate. Among the southern pine species, it has a high specific gravity and can tolerate a very wide variety of habitats. Longleaf pine is better able to sustain growth at older ages (over 150 years) and is tolerant to fire and many insects and diseases. Recent research also indicates that longleaf pine managed for longer rotations outperforms other commercial southern pine species on most sites and might better adapt to future climate scenarios with higher temperatures and higher atmospheric CO2 levels. Moreover, the higher-value, longer-lasting wood products derived from longleaf pine forests will continue to store carbon over long time periods. C1 [Kush, John S.; Meldahl, Ralph S.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Mcmahon, Charles K.; Boyer, William D.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Kush, JS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 108 M White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM kushjoh@auburn.edu NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S139 EP S147 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9124-3 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700012 ER PT J AU Li, CS Cui, JB Sun, G Trettin, C AF Li, Changsheng Cui, Jianbo Sun, Ge Trettin, Carl TI Modeling impacts of management on carbon sequestration and trace gas emissions in forested wetland ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest management; wetland; C sequestration; trace gas emissions; process-based model AB A process-based model, Wetland-DNDC, was modified to enhance its capacity to predict the impacts of management practices on carbon sequestration in and trace gas emissions from forested wetland ecosystems. The modifications included parameterization of management practices (e. g., forest harvest, chopping, burning, water management, fertilization, and tree planting), inclusion of detailed anaerobic biogeochemical processes for wetland soils, and utilization of hydrological models for quantifying water table variations. A 150-year management scenario consisting of three stages of wetland forest, deforestation/drainage, and wetland restoration was simulated with the Wetland-DNDC for two wetlands in Minnesota and Florida, USA. The impacts of the management scenario on carbon ecosystem exchange, methane emission, and nitrous oxide emission were quantified and assessed. The results suggested that: (1) the same management scenario produced very different consequences on global warming due to the contrast climate conditions; and (2) methane and nitrous oxide fluxes played nonnegligible roles in mitigation in comparison with carbon sequestration. C1 [Li, Changsheng; Cui, Jianbo] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sun, Ge] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Trettin, Carl] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Li, CS (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S176 EP S186 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9128-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700016 ER PT J AU Mortenson, MC Schuman, GE Ingram, LJ AF Mortenson, Matthew C. Schuman, Gerald E. Ingram, Lachlan J. TI Carbon sequestration in rangelands interseeded with yellow-flowering alfalfa (Medicago sativa ssp falcata) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE legume; interseeding; rangelands; soil organic carbon AB Management practices can significantly influence carbon sequestration by rangeland ecosystems. Grazing, burning, and fertilization have been shown to increase soil carbon storage in rangeland soils of the Great Plains. Research was initiated in 2001 in northwestern South Dakota to evaluate the role of interseeding a legume, Medicago sativa ssp. falcata, in northern mixed-grass rangelands on carbon sequestration. Sampling was undertaken on a chronosequence of sites interseeded in 1998, 1987, and 1965 as well as immediately adjacent untreated native rangeland sites. Soil organic carbon exhibited an increase of 4% in the 1998, 8% in the 1987, and 17% in the 1965 interseeding dates compared to their respective native untreated rangeland sites. Nitrogen fixation by the legume led to significant increases in total soil nitrogen and increased forage production in the interseeded treatments. Increases in organic carbon mass in this rangeland ecosystem can be attributed to the increase in soil organic carbon storage and the increased aboveground biomass resulting from the increased nitrogen in the ecosystem. The practice of interseeding adaptable cultivars of alfalfa into native rangelands may help in the mitigation of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and enhance the long-term sustainability of the ecosystem. C1 [Mortenson, Matthew C.; Schuman, Gerald E.] ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Ingram, Lachlan J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Schuman, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM gschuman@lamar.colostate.edu RI Ingram, Lachlan/E-3529-2013 OI Ingram, Lachlan/0000-0002-4697-9504 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S475 EP S481 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9155-9 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700043 ER PT J AU Pan, Y Hom, J Birdsey, R Mccullough, K AF Pan, Yude Hom, John Birdsey, Richard Mccullough, Kevin TI Impacts of rising nitrogen deposition on N exports from forests to surface waters in the Chesapeake Bay watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay watershed; atmospheric nitrogen deposition; nitrate leaching loss; forests; PnET-CN; model validation AB In this study, we applied a process-based forest ecosystem model, PnET-CN, to estimate inorganic N (nitrate) loading and retention under chronic increases of atmospheric N deposition in the Chesapeake Bay (CPB) watershed. The results indicated that the average N leaching loss from forested lands in the CPB watershed is 1.23 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) at current N deposition levels, suggesting approximately 88% of N is retained by forest ecosystems. Total dissolved inorganic N exported from the forested watersheds was 11,617 Mg N yr(-1). The predicted rates of the nitrate losses are well validated by the United States Geological Survey - National Water-Quality Assessment data measured from the gauged stations for forested drainages within the CPB watershed, and are also compatible with the field data of N loads associated with forests in the CPB watershed. If N deposition were twice current levels, the retention by forests would drop to 81%. Total N leaching loss to surface waters would then increase more than threefold. A nonlinear increase in N loads from forests under the extreme scenario of atmospheric N deposition shows the symptom of N saturation and an accelerated decline of forest functioning to retain atmospheric N deposition in the CPB watershed with rising levels of nitrogen deposition. C1 [Pan, Yude; Hom, John; Birdsey, Richard; Mccullough, Kevin] USDA Forest Serv, No Global Change Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Pan, Y (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Global Change Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM ypan@fs.fed.us RI Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S120 EP S131 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9122-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700010 ER PT J AU Potter, KN Potter, SR Atwood, JD Williams, JR AF Potter, Kenneth N. Potter, Steven R. Atwood, Jay D. Williams, Jimmy R. TI Comparing simulated and measured soil organic carbon content of clay soils for time periods up to 60 years SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; simulation modeling; EPIC AB The Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator model (EPIC) was recently altered to include algorithms based upon concepts found in the Century model with the exception of a daily time step. We compared measured soil organic carbon (SOC) content values with simulated values to validate the new EPIC simulation model carbon sequestration routine. The simulations were based upon detailed soils data for three clay soils (Udic Haplusterts) and actual weather data recorded near the sample sites. Historical cropping systems for central Texas were simulated for a period of 120 years, the period from the original breaking of the native prairie sod to modern times. In addition, the effect of tilling the soil for 60 or more years and then returning the site to grass was simulated. Periods of restored grass were 6, 26, and 60 years. It was necessary to adjust a parameter, the fraction of humus in the passive pool, to make realistic simulations. Once adjusted, EPIC simulated the decline in SOC with agriculture well at all three sites in central Texas. EPIC also simulated the relative difference in SOC content occurring between continuously tilled sites and sites with restored grass well. C1 [Potter, Kenneth N.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Potter, Steven R.; Williams, Jimmy R.] Texas A&M Expt Stn, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Atwood, Jay D.] USDA NRCS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Potter, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S457 EP S461 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9153-y PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700041 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Torbert, HA Runion, GB Rogers, HH AF Prior, Stephen A. Torbert, H. Allen Runion, G. Brett Rogers, Hugo H. TI Elevated atmospheric CO2 in agroecosystems: Residue decomposition in the field SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE global change; soybean; sorghum; litter; leaves; stems; roots AB Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration can increase biomass production and alter tissue composition. Shifts in both quantity and quality of crop residue may alter carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics and management considerations in future CO2-enriched agroecosystems. This study was conducted to determine decomposition rates of the legume soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and nonlegume grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] residue produced under two levels of atmospheric CO2 (ambient and twice ambient) on a Blanton loamy sand (loamy siliceous, thermic, Grossarenic Paleudults) in Auburn, Alabama, USA, managed using no-till practices. At maturity, harvested plants were separated into component parts for dry weight determination and tissue analysis. Mass, C, and N losses from residues were determined using the mesh bag method. Biomass production was significantly greater for soybean compared to sorghum and for elevated versus ambient CO2-grown plants. The CO2 level had little affect on the C/N ratio of residue (probably because the tissue used was senesced). Elevated CO2 concentration did not affect percent residue recovery; however, greater biomass production observed under elevated CO2 resulted in more residue and C remaining after overwintering. The higher total N content of soybean residue, particularly when grown under elevated CO2, indicated more N may be available to a following crop with lower N inputs required. Results suggest that in a high CO2 environment, greater amounts of residue may increase soil C and ground cover, which may enhance soil water storage, improve soil physical properties, and reduce erosion losses. C1 [Prior, Stephen A.; Torbert, H. Allen; Runion, G. Brett; Rogers, Hugo H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM sprior@acesag.auburn.edu NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S344 EP S354 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9143-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700031 ER PT J AU Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL Parkin, TB Kustas, WP Kaspar, TC AF Prueger, J. H. Hatfield, J. L. Parkin, T. B. Kustas, W. P. Kaspar, T. C. TI Carbon dioxide dynamics during a growing season in midwestern cropping systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; eddy covariance; soil respiration; energy balance AB Daily and seasonal CO2-exchange dynamics between the boundary layer and biosphere is important to understanding Net Ecosystem Exchange of terrestrial ecosystems. Spatial and temporal variations of CO2 fluxes across midwestern cropping systems have not been well documented. This study was designed to monitor and evaluate spatial and temporal dynamics of CO2 exchange across a watershed region for typical production fields of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the Midwest by quantifying the above-canopy, within-canopy, and soil components of C balance for this cropping system. An energy-balance approach using eddy covariance was utilized across different fields making year-around measurements in both corn and soybean fields to quantify the exchange of CO2 and H2O between the crop canopy and the atmospheric boundary layer. Within-canopy concentrations of CO2 and H2O vapor were measured with an eight-port CO2/H2O infrared analyzer. Soil respiration was quantified using soil chambers at various landscape positions throughout the growing season. Fluxes of CO2 and H2O vapor throughout the day were dependent on net radiation and the stage of canopy development. Diurnal variations in CO2 and H2O vapor fluxes revealed that the magnitude of the fluxes is large and the variation of the fluxes among fields was consistent throughout the season. Integration of the daily fluxes into seasonal totals showed large differences among crops and fields. Flux differences were the result of the effect of varying soil types on water-holding capacity. Seasonal integrated values were lower than estimates derived from biomass samples collected within the fields and the measurement of the C content of the biomass. Within-canopy recycling of soil CO2 may provide insight to this discrepancy. The techniques are available to quantify the CO2 and H2O vapor fluxes across different management systems and landscapes to help refine our understanding of the magnitude of the CO2 and H2O dynamics in cropping systems. C1 [Prueger, J. H.; Hatfield, J. L.; Parkin, T. B.; Kaspar, T. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kustas, W. P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Prueger, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S330 EP S343 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9142-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700030 ER PT J AU Ryu, SR Chen, JQ Crow, TR Saunders, SC AF Ryu, Soung-Ryoul Chen, Jiquan Crow, Thomas R. Saunders, Sari C. TI Available fuel dynamics in nine contrasting forest ecosystems in North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE available fuel; decomposition; ecosystem productivity; tree mortality; fire frequency; fire intensity; harvesting AB Available fuel and its dynamics, both of which affect fire behavior in forest ecosystems, are direct products of ecosystem production, decomposition, and disturbances. Using published ecosystem models and equations, we developed a simulation model to evaluate the effects of dynamics of aboveground net primary production (ANPP), carbon allocation, residual slash, decomposition, and disturbances (harvesting, tree mortality, and fire frequency) on available fuel (AF; megagrams per hectare). Both the magnitude and the time of maximum ANPP as well as the duration of high productivity condition had a large influence on AF. Productivity and decomposition were two dominant driving factors determining AF. The amount of AF in arid or cold regions would be affected more by climate change than that in other ecosystems. Frequent fire was an effective tool to control the AF, and medium frequency fire produced the most AF. Disturbances increased AF very rapidly in a short period. The results can be used as a basic knowledge to develop a fire management plan under various climate conditions. C1 [Ryu, Soung-Ryoul; Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Crow, Thomas R.] USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [Saunders, Sari C.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Ryu, SR (reprint author), Univ Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S87 EP S107 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9120-7 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700008 ER PT J AU Skog, KE Pingoud, K Smith, JE AF Skog, Kenneth E. Pingoud, Kim Smith, James E. TI A method countries can use to estimate changes in carbon stored in harvested wood products and the uncertainty of such estimates SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; harvested wood products; estimation methods AB A method is suggested for estimating additions to carbon stored in harvested wood products (HWP) and for evaluating uncertainty. The method uses data on HWP production and trade from several decades and tracks annual additions to pools of HWP in use, removals from use, additions to solid waste disposal sites (SWDS), and decay from SWDS. The method is consistent with IPCC guidance for estimating emissions from SWDS. Uncertainty is postulated in the form of probability density functions for 14 variables, using Monte Carlo simulation. Results for the United States suggest that uncertainty is most sensitive to uncertainty in production data for solid-wood products, the factor used to convert products to carbon, and the proportion of solidwood and paper in SWDS. Uncertainty in the use (service) life of solidwood products has a limited effect because an error offsets changes in products in use and in SWDS. The method provides a starting point for meeting the aims of the IPCC Good Practice Guidance. C1 [Skog, Kenneth E.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Pingoud, Kim] Finish Forest Res Inst, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland. [Smith, James E.] USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Skog, KE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM kskog@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S65 EP S73 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9118-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700006 ER PT J AU Torbert, HA Prior, SA Runion, GB Davis, MA Pritchard, SG Rogers, HH AF Torbert, H. Allen Prior, Stephen A. Runion, G. Brett Davis, Micheal A. Pritchard, Seth G. Rogers, Hugo H. TI Nitrogen and carbon cycling in a model longleaf pine community as affected by elevated atmospheric CO2 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus palustris; CO2 enrichment; C mineralization; N mineralization; C sequestration ID RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; GROWTH; ENRICHMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; MATTER AB Increasing global atmospheric CO2 concentration has led to concerns regarding its potential effects on terrestrial ecosystem and the long-term storage of C and N in soil. This study examined responses to elevated CO2 in a typical regenerating longleaf pine-wiregrass community. The model community consisted of five plant species: (1) an evergreen conifer (Pinus palustris), (2) a bunch grass (Aristida stricta), (3) a broadleaf tree (Quercus margaretta), (4) a perennial herbaceous legume (Crotalaria rotundifolia), and (5) a herbaceous perennial (Asclepias tuberosa) grown at two CO2 concentrations (ambient and twice ambient). The CO2-enriched plots had greater aboveground biomass than ambient plots, mainly due to increased pine biomass. After 3 years, samples of the soil (Blanton loamy sand: loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudult) were collected from 0- to 5-, 5-to 10-, and 10-to 20-cm depth increments. Microbial respiration, potential C and N mineralization, and C turnover were measured during a 120-day incubation of the soil samples. Elevated CO2 decreased soil C respiration and C turnover, but increased N mineralization. Results indicate that soil C sequestration is likely for soils in this longleaf pine ecosystem. C1 [Torbert, H. Allen; Prior, Stephen A.; Runion, G. Brett] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Davis, Micheal A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Pritchard, Seth G.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. RP Torbert, HA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM atorbert@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S132 EP S138 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9123-4 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700011 ER PT J AU Wylie, BK Gilmanov, TG Johnson, DA Saliendra, NZ Akshalov, K Tieszen, LL Reed, BC AF Wylie, Bruce K. Gilmanov, Tagir G. Johnson, Douglas A. Saliendra, Nicanor Z. Akshalov, Kanat Tieszen, Larry L. Reed, Bradley C. TI Intra-seasonal mapping of CO2 flux in rangelands of northern Kazakhstan at one-kilometer resolution SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon; respiration; gross primary production; remote sensing; NDVI; scaling up AB Algorithms that establish relationships between variables obtained through remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies are needed to allow the scaling up of site-specific CO2 flux measurements to regional levels. We obtained Bowen ratio-energy balance (BREB) flux tower measurements during the growing seasons of 1998-2000 above a grassland steppe in Kazakhstan. These BREB data were analyzed using ecosystem light-curve equations to quantify 10-day CO2 fluxes associated with gross primary production (GPP) and total respiration (R). Remotely sensed, temporally smoothed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIsm) and environmental variables were used to develop multiple regression models for the mapping of 10-day CO2 fluxes for the Kazakh steppe. Ten-day GPP was estimated (R-2 = 0.72) by day of year (DOY) and NDVIsm, and 10-day R was estimated (R-2 = 0.48) with the estimated GPP and estimated 10-day photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Regression tree analysis estimated 10-day PAR from latitude, NDVIsm, DOY, and precipitation (R-2 = 0.81). Fivefold cross-validation indicated that these algorithms were reasonably robust. GPP, R, and resulting net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were mapped for the Kazakh steppe grassland every 10 days and summed to produce regional growing season estimates of GPP, R, and NEE. Estimates of 10-day NEE agreed well with BREB observations in 2000, showing a slight underestimation in the late summer. Growing season (May to October) mean NEE for Kazakh steppe grasslands was 1.27 Mg C/ha in 2000. Winter flux data were collected during the winter of 2001-2002 and are being analyzed to close the annual carbon budget for the Kazakh steppe. C1 [Wylie, Bruce K.; Reed, Bradley C.] USGS EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gilmanov, Tagir G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Johnson, Douglas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Akshalov, Kanat] Barayev Kazakh Res Inst Grain Farming, Shortandy 474070, Kazakhstan. [Tieszen, Larry L.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wylie, BK (reprint author), USGS EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM wylie@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S482 EP S491 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9156-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700044 ER PT J AU Coulston, JW Riitters, KH Smith, GC AF Coulston, JW Riitters, KH Smith, GC TI A preliminary assessment of the Montreal process indicators of air pollution for the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE acid deposition; forest health and vitality; multivariate clustering; ozone biomonitoring; spatial analysis; sustainable forests; tropospheric ozone ID SIMULATED ACID-RAIN; FOLIAR INJURY; OZONE; CALIFORNIA; TREE; DEPOSITION; FORESTS; PLANTS; PINE AB Air pollutants pose a risk to forest health and vitality in the United States. Here we present the major findings from a national scale air pollution assessment that is part of the United States' 2003 Report on Sustainable Forests. We examine trends and the percent forest subjected to specific levels of ozone and wet deposition of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. Results are reported by Resource Planning Act (RPA) reporting region and integrated by forest type using multivariate clustering. Estimates of sulfate deposition for forested areas had decreasing trends (1994-2000) across RPA regions that were statistically significant for North and South RPA regions. Nitrate deposition rates were relatively constant for the 1994 to 2000 period, but the South RPA region had a statistically decreasing trend. The North and South RPA regions experienced the highest ammonium deposition rates and showed slightly decreasing trends. Ozone concentrations were highest in portions of the Pacific Coast RPA region and relatively high across much of the South RPA region. Both the South and Rocky Mountain RPA regions had an increasing trend in ozone exposure. Ozone-induced foliar injury to sensitive species was recorded in all regions except for the Rocky Mountain region. The multivariate analysis showed that the oak-hickory and loblolly-shortleaf pine forest types were generally exposed to more air pollution than other forest types, and the redwood, western white pine, and larch forest types were generally exposed to less. These findings offer a new approach to national air pollution assessments and are intended to help focus research and planning initiatives related to air pollution and forest health. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, So Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Coulston, JW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, So Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM icoulston@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 74 DI 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000029895.96868.f8 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 823NK UT WOS:000221619700005 PM 15195820 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Musselman, R Szaro, R AF Bytnerowicz, A Musselman, R Szaro, R TI Effects of air pollution on the Central and Eastern European mountain forests - Introduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOLIAR INJURY; OZONE; SWITZERLAND; PLANTS C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.019 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824OK UT WOS:000221695700001 PM 15046835 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Godzik, B Grodzinska, K Fraczek, W Musselman, R Manning, W Badea, O Popescu, F Fleischer, P AF Bytnerowicz, A Godzik, B Grodzinska, K Fraczek, W Musselman, R Manning, W Badea, O Popescu, F Fleischer, P TI Ambient ozone in forests of the Central and Eastern European mountains SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone; Central and Eastern Europe; mountains; forests; phytotoxic effects; passive sampler; Carpathian Mountains ID AIR-POLLUTION; SURFACE OZONE; BACKGROUND OZONE; LONG-TERM; VEGETATION; POLLUTANTS; SWITZERLAND; PATTERNS; ISLAND; MODEL AB Ambient ozone (O-3) concentrations in the forested areas of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) mountains measured on passive sampler networks and in several locations equipped with active monitors are reviewed. Some areas of the Carpathian Mountains, especially in Romania and parts of Poland, as well as the Sumava and Brdy Mountains in the Czech Republic are characterized by low European background concentrations of the pollutant (summer season means similar to30 ppb). Other parts of the Carpathians, especially the western part of the range (Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland), some of the Eastern (Ukraine) and Southern (Romania) Carpathians and the Jizerske Mountains have high O-3 levels with peak values > 100 ppb and seasonal means similar to50 ppb. Large portions of the CEE mountain forests experience O-3 exposures that are above levels recommended for protection of forest and natural vegetation. Continuation of monitoring efforts with a combination of active monitors and passive samplers is needed for developing risk assessment scenarios for forests and other natural areas of the CEE Region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Krakow, Poland. Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Forest Res & Management Inst, Bucharest, Romania. Tatra Natl Pk, Slovak Natl Forests, Tatranska Lomnica, Slovakia. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. EM abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us RI Godzik, Barbara/G-7791-2011; Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 56 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.032 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824OK UT WOS:000221695700002 PM 15046836 ER PT J AU Muzika, RM Guyette, RP Zielonka, T Liebhold, AM AF Muzika, RM Guyette, RP Zielonka, T Liebhold, AM TI The influence of O(3), NO(2) and SO(2) on growth of Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica in the Carpathian Mountains SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; basal area increment; Carpathian Mountains; spruce; beech; air pollution ID AIR-POLLUTION; OZONE; DEPOSITION; NITROGEN; DECLINE; FOREST AB At 17 long-term pollution monitoring sites throughout the Carpathian Mountains, tree growth patterns and variation in growth rate were examined to determine relationship of tree growth to specific pollutants. Canopy dominant Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica were selected at each site. Basal area increment (BAI) values were calculated from raw ring widths and used as an estimate of tree growth. Across all sites, BAI chronologies were highly variable, therefore local conditions and forest structure accounted for considerable variation. Several significant relationships, however, implicated a role of pollutants on tree growth. Average levels (1997-1999) of NO(2) and SO(2) were inversely related to BAI means (1989-1999). Although average O(3) alone was not related to growth, the maximum O(3) value reported at the sites was negatively correlated with overall growth. A variable representing the combined effect of O(3), NO(2) and SO(2) was negatively correlated with both P. abies and F. sylvatica growth. Pollution data were used to categorize all sites into 'high' or 'low' pollution sites. Difference chronologies based on these categories indicated trends of decline in the 'high' pollution sites relative to 'low' pollution site. In the more heavily polluted sites, the BAI of Fagus sylvatica has declined approximately 50% and Picea abies has declined 20% over the past 45 years. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Krakow, Poland. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Muzika, RM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM muzika@missouri.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 33 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.envol.2003.10.021 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824OK UT WOS:000221695700007 PM 15046841 ER PT J AU Grodzki, W McManus, M Knizek, M Meshkova, V Mihalciuc, V Novotny, J Turcani, M Slobodyan, Y AF Grodzki, W McManus, M Knizek, M Meshkova, V Mihalciuc, V Novotny, J Turcani, M Slobodyan, Y TI Occurrence of spruce bark beetles in forest stands at different levels of air pollution stress SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ips typographus; Picea abies; air pollution; mountain forests; bark beetles ID IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; PITYOGENES CHALCOGRAPHUS; CONIFERS; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; COLEOPTERA; ATTACKS AB The spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.) is the most serious pest of mature spruce stands, mainly Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. throughout Eurasia. A complex of weather-related events and other environmental stresses are reported to predispose spruce stands to bark beetle attack and subsequent tree mortality; however the possible role of industrial pollution as a predisposing factor to attack by this species is poorly understood. The abundance and dynamics of L typographus populations was evaluated in 60-80 year old Norway spruce stands occurring on 10x50 ha sites in five countries within the Carpathian range that were selected in proximity to established ozone measurement sites. Data were recorded on several parameters including the volume of infested trees, captures of adult beetles in pheromone traps, number of attacks, and the presence and relative abundance of associated bark beetle species. In several cases, stands adjacent to sites with higher ozone values were associated with higher bark beetle populations. The volume of sanitary cuttings, a reflection of tree mortality, and the mean daily capture of beetles in pheromone traps were significantly higher at sites where the O-3 level was higher. However, the mean infestation density on trees was higher in plots associated with lower O-3 levels. Captures of beetles in pheromone traps and infestation densities were higher in the zone above 800 m. However, none of the relationships was conclusive, suggesting that spruce bark beetle dynamics are driven by a complex interaction of biotic and abiotic factors and not by a single parameter such as air pollution. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Forest Res Inst, PL-30605 Krakow, Poland. US Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. Forestry & Game Management Res Inst Jiloviste Str, Prague 15604 5, Czech Republic. Ukrainian Res Inst Forestry & Forest Meliorat, UA-61024 Kharkov, Ukraine. Forest Res & Management Inst, RO-2200 Brasov, Romania. Forest Res Inst, Res Stn Banska Stiavnica, Banska Stiavnica 96923, Slovakia. Ukrainian Mt Forestry Res Inst, UA-76000 Ivano Frankivsk, Ukraine. RP Grodzki, W (reprint author), Forest Res Inst, Ul Fredry 39, PL-30605 Krakow, Poland. EM zxgrodzk@cyf-kr.edu.pl NR 36 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.022 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824OK UT WOS:000221695700008 PM 15046842 ER PT J AU Longauer, R Gomory, D Paule, L Blada, I Popescu, F Mankovska, B Muller-Starck, G Schubert, R Percy, K Szaro, RC Karnosky, DF AF Longauer, R Gomory, D Paule, L Blada, I Popescu, F Mankovska, B Muller-Starck, G Schubert, R Percy, K Szaro, RC Karnosky, DF TI Genetic effects of air pollution on forest tree species of the Carpathian Mountains SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE air pollution; pairwise sampling; genetic structure; selection ID PICEA-ABIES L; SYSTEMS; POPULATION; LINKAGE; DAMAGE; SEED; FIR AB The effects of air pollution on the genetic structure of Norway spruce, European silver fir and European beech were studied at four polluted sites in Slovakia, Romania and Czech Republic. In order to reduce potential effects of site heterogeneity on the health condition, pair-wise sampling of pollution-tolerant and sensitive trees was applied. Genotypes of sampled trees were determined at 21 isozyme gene loci of spruce, 18 loci of fir and 15 loci of beech. In comparison with Norway spruce, fewer genetic differences were revealed in beech and almost no differentiation between pollution-tolerant and sensitive trees was observed in fir. In adult stands of Norway spruce, sensitive trees exhibited higher genetic multiplicity and diversity. The decline of pollution-sensitive trees may result thus in a gradual genetic depletion of pollution-exposed populations of Norway spruce through the loss of less frequent alleles with potential adaptive significance to altered stressing regimes in the future. Comparison of the subsets of sensitive and tolerant Norway spruce individuals as determined by presence or absence of discolorations ("spruce yellowing") revealed different heterozygosity at 3 out of 11 polymorphic loci. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Forestry Res Inst Zvolen, Zvolen 96092, Slovakia. Tech Univ, Zvolen 96053, Slovakia. Forest Res & Management Inst, Bucharest 72904, Romania. Forest Res & Management Inst, Res Stn, Simeria, Romania. Tech Univ Munich, D-85534 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. Nat Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Longauer, R (reprint author), Forestry Res Inst Zvolen, TG Masaryka 22, Zvolen 96092, Slovakia. EM roman.longauer@fris.sk RI Longuaer, Roman/D-7419-2014; Paule, Ladislav/K-5373-2012 OI Longuaer, Roman/0000-0003-1878-087X; Paule, Ladislav/0000-0002-5097-7472 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.023 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824OK UT WOS:000221695700009 PM 15046843 ER PT J AU Riday, H Brummer, EC AF Riday, H Brummer, EC TI Performance of intersubspecific alfalfa hybrids in sward versus space planted plots SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; biomass; falcata; heterosis; plot type ID HETEROSIS AB Intersubspecific hybrids between Medicago sativa subsp. sativa and subsp. falcata show biomass yield heterosis in space planted plots. Relative biomass yield of alfalfa is known to differ in space planted versus sward plots, although the magnitude of the difference is variable. The objective of this study was to determine if and how much of the biomass yield heterosis observed in space planted alfalfa hybrids was retained in sward planted plots. Two falcata genotypes (WISFAL-6 and PI502453-1) and three elite sativa genotypes were crossed in a diallel mating design. Progeny were transplanted into space-planted plots and harvested three times per year or drilled into sward plots harvested four times per year. Hybrids of WISFAL-6 with the sativa genotypes produced as much first harvest biomass yield as intra-sativa hybrids in space-planted plots and more in sward plots. Yield in subsequent harvests was lower than intra-sativa hybrids in sward plots only. Hybrids of PI502453-1 with sativa were generally lower yielding than intra-sativa crosses. A moderate correlation was observed between biomass yield in space planted and sward plots. Heterosis expression in swards was lower than that in spaced planted nurseries for progeny of both falcata genotypes. The increased plant-to-plant competition in swards is the likely cause of the loss of heterosis. C1 ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Iowa State Univ, RAymond F Baker Ctr Plant Breeding, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Riday, H (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM riday@wisc.edu RI Riday, Heathcliffe/C-6091-2009 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUL PY 2004 VL 138 IS 2 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1023/B:EUPH.0000046755.07566.c3 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 867QU UT WOS:000224858100001 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM Knothe, G AF Kuo, TM Knothe, G TI Production and properties of 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid from ricinoleic acid conversion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifungal agent; bioreactor; biotransformation; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; surface tension ID OLEIC-ACID; PR3; COMPOUND; 42A2 AB This study was undertaken to produce a novel antifungal compound, 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (7,10,12-THOD), in large quantities for determining its, properties by use of crude ricinoleic acid as converted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NRRL B-23260. A useful reactor process was developed by employing a unique aeration mechanism and a new agitation device. The aeration mechanism involved a filtered airflow constantly supplied from the top through two ports on the headplate at 220 mL/min and at varied rates as needed and regulated through a bottom sparger, to control foaming. The agitation device combined a marine impeller and an open turbine to overcome the early phase of oxygen depletion and enhance production yields. A yield of 40% was achieved after 77 h of reaction when down-stream processing of the bioproduct was most suitable. 7,10,12-THOD was crystallized from ethyl acetate extracts of the reactor broth following a sequential cooling process to -20 degreesC. The melting point of 7,10,12-THOD was 94.5-95.0 degreesC. The H-1- and C-13-NMR signals of all protons and carbons in the 2(E)-ene-1,4,6-triol moiety of 7,10,12-THOD were now assigned, also with the aid of various 2D techniques. 7,10,12-THOD was found to exhibit a unique surface-active property. This study provides basic information and process technology for potential new uses of 7,10,12-THOD. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kuotm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 106 IS 7 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200400970 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 840XP UT WOS:000222893800002 ER PT J AU Dao, VT Dowd, MK Martin, MT Gaspard, C Mayer, M Michelot, RJ AF Dao, VT Dowd, MK Martin, MT Gaspard, C Mayer, M Michelot, RJ TI Cytotoxicity of enantiomers of gossypol Schiff's bases and optical stability of gossypolone SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gossypol; gossypolone; enantiomers; KB; MCF-7; MCF-7/ADR; multi-drug resistance ID CELL-LINES; COLON-CARCINOMA; CANCER CELL; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITION; ANTITUMOR AB Optical Schiff's bases of gossypol were prepared with chiral gossypol and ethylamine. As has been similarly observed among the gossypol enantiomers. the (-)-gossypol ethylimine was more active than either the (+)-gossypol ethylimine or the racemic gossypol ethylimine against KB and MCF7 cells. Gossypolone was also observed to be more toxic than gossypol against both cell lines. All of the gossypol products tested showed comparable toxicity toward MCF7/ADR (adriblastine-resistant) cells. Attempts at producing chiral gossypolone from chiral gossypol failed because of rapid racemization. In addition, the Schiff's base derivatives of gossypolone formed with R-(+)-2-amino-3-phenyl-1- propanol Could only be separated at reduced temperature, indicating that gossypolone Schiff's bases are less optical stable than gossypol Schiff's bases. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Curie, Sect Rech Transduct Signal & Ontogenese U528, INSERM, F-75248 Paris, France. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. CNRS, Inst Chim Subst Nat, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Michelot, RJ (reprint author), Inst Curie, Sect Rech Transduct Signal & Ontogenese U528, INSERM, F-75248 Paris, France. EM michelot@icsn.cnrs-gif.fr NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0223-5234 J9 EUR J MED CHEM JI Eur. J. Med. Chem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 619 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.04.001 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 841JS UT WOS:000222926700007 PM 15236842 ER PT J AU Elsherif, L Jiang, YC Saari, JT Kang, YJ AF Elsherif, L Jiang, YC Saari, JT Kang, YJ TI Dietary copper restriction-induced changes in myocardial gene expression and the effect of copper repletion SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cardiomyopathy; copper deficiency; copper repletion; cDNA microarray; real-time RT-PCR ID CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; DEFICIENT RATS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; UNIFIED PERSPECTIVE; HYPERTROPHY; CARDIOMYOPATHY; PROTEINS; DISEASE; ABNORMALITIES AB Dietary copper (Cu) restriction leads to cardiac hypertrophy and failure in mice, and Cu repletion (CuR) reverses the hypertrophy and prevents the transition to heart failure. The present study was undertaken to determine changes in myocardial gene expression involved in Cu deficient (CuD) cardiomyopathy and its reversal by CuR. Analysis was performed on three groups of mice: 4-week-old CuD mice that exhibited signs of cardiac failure, their age-matched copper-adequate (CuA) controls, and the CuD mice that were re-fed adequate Cu for 2 weeks. Total RNA was isolated from hearts and subjected to cDNA micro-array and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Dietary CuD caused a decrease in cardiac mRNA of beta-MHC, L-type Ca2+ channel, K-dependent NCX, MMP-2, -8, and -13, NF-kappaB, and VEGF. The mRNA levels of ET-1, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and procollagen-I-alpha1 and III-alpha1 were increased in the CuD cardiac tissue. Copper repletion resulted in cardiac mRNA levels of most of the genes examined returning to control levels, although the K-dependent NCX and MMP-2 values did not reach those of the CuA control. In addition, CuR caused an increase in beta-MHC, L-type Ca2+ channel, MMP-13 to levels surpassing those of CuA control, and a decrease in ET-1, and TNF-alpha mRNA levels. In summary, changes in gene expression of elements involved in contractility, Ca2+ cycling, and inflammation and fibrosis may account for the altered cardiac function found in CuD mice. The return to normal cardiac function by CuR may be a result of the favorable regression in gene expression of these critical components in myocardial tissue. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Kang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, 511 S Floyd St,MDR 530, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM jkang01@louisville.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL63760, HL59225] NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 229 IS 7 BP 616 EP 622 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 834FZ UT WOS:000222398300005 PM 15229355 ER PT J AU Marques, C Pereira, P Taylor, A Liang, JN Reddy, VN Szweda, LI Shang, F AF Marques, C Pereira, P Taylor, A Liang, JN Reddy, VN Szweda, LI Shang, F TI Ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation of the HNE-modified proteins in lens epithelial cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE lipid peroxidation; hydroxynonenal; proteasome; protein quality control ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROTEOLYTIC SYSTEM; ALDEHYDIC PRODUCT; OXIDIZED PROTEINS; PROTEASOME; CONJUGATION; RECEPTOR; PATHWAY; IDENTIFICATION AB 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), a highly reactive lipid peroxidation product, may adversely modify proteins. Accumulation of HNE-modified proteins may be responsible for pathological lesions associated with oxidative stress. The objective of this work was to determine how HNE-modified proteins are removed from cells. The data showed that alphaB-crystallin modified by HNE was ubiquitinated at a faster rate than that of native alphaB-crystallin in a cell-free system. However, its susceptibility to proteasome-dependent degradation in the cell-free system did not increase. When delivered into cultured lens epithelial cells, HNE-modified alphaB-crystallin was degraded at a faster rate than that of unmodified alphaB-crystallin. Inhibition of the lysosomal activity stabilized HNE-modified alphaB-crystallin, but inhibition of the proteasome activity alone had little effect. To determine if other HNE-modified proteins are also degraded in a ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal pathway, lens epithelial cells were treated with HNE and the removal of HNE-modified proteins in the cells was monitored. The levels of HNE-modified proteins in the cell decreased rapidly upon removal of HNE from the medium. Depletion of ATP or the presence of MG132, a proteasome/lysosome inhibitor, resulted in stabilization of HNE-modified proteins. However, proteasome-specific inhibitors, lactacystin-beta-lactone and epoxomicin, could not stabilize HNE-modified proteins in the cells. In contrast, chloroquine, a lysosome inhibitor, stabilized HNE-modified proteins. The enrichment of HNE-modified proteins in the fraction of ubiquitin conjugates suggests that HNE-modified proteins are preferentially ubiquitinated. Taken together, these findings show that HNE-modified proteins are degraded via a novel ubiquitin and lysosomal-dependent but proteasome-independent pathway. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Coimbra, IBILI, Ctr Ophatmol, Coimbra, Portugal. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ophthalm Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Kellogg Eye Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu OI Marques, Carla/0000-0002-1817-4813; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0002-9908-2290 FU NEI NIH HHS [R29 EY011717, R01 EY013250, R01 EY011717, R01 EY011717-06A1, R29 EY011717-05, EY 13250, EY11717, R29 EY011717-03, R29 EY011717-04] NR 48 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 5 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1424 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.04-1743fje PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 842CB UT WOS:000222979200003 PM 15247152 ER PT J AU Park, BS Lee, KG Takeoka, GR AF Park, BS Lee, KG Takeoka, GR TI Comparison of three sample preparation methods on the recovery of volatiles from taheebo (Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC) SO FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE volatile components; solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE); dynamic headspace sampling (DHS); pan d'arco ID CELL-GROWTH; FURANONAPHTHOQUINONES; APOPTOSIS; OCHRACEA; EXTRACTS; AGENTS; AROMA AB The volatile constituents of taheebo (the dried inner bark of Tabebuia impetiginosa Martins ex DC) were isolated by three methods: solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE); steam distillation under reduced pressure, followed by continuous liquid-liquid extraction (DRP-LLE); and high-How dynamic headspace sampling (including closed-loop stripping) (DHS). The extracts were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The masses of total volatile components recovered from 50 g taheebo by SAFE, DRP-LLE and DHS were 26.3 +/- 2.0, 19.4 +/- 1.0 and 1.2 +/- 0.2 mg, respectively. The major constituents isolated with the SAFE method were 4-methoxyphenol (121.65 mug/g), 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (96.49 mug/g), 1,2-propanediol (92.95 mug/g) and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (31.33 mug/g). The DRP-LLC method yielded 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (64.54 mug/g), 4-methoxyphenol (42.30 mug/g), 5-(2-propenyl)-1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene (elemicin; 41.22 mug/g), and 1-methoxy-4-(1E)-1-propenylbenzene (trans-anethole; 39.16 mug/g) as major volatiles, while the main compounds recovered with the DHS method were 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (2.61 mug/g), 4-methoxyphenol (2.10 mug/g), 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one (carvone; 1.71 mug/g) and 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol (linalool; 1.64 mug/g). Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Takeoka, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grt@pw.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0882-5734 J9 FLAVOUR FRAG J JI Flavour Frag. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1002/ffj.1345 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 833ZK UT WOS:000222380100003 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Shao, Q AF Kahlon, TS Shao, Q TI In vitro binding of bile acids by soy bean (Glycine max), black eye bean (Vigna unguiculata), garbanzo (Cicer arietinum) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bile acids; soy bean; black eye bean; garbanzo; lima bean ID STEROID-EXCRETION; RICE BRAN; OAT BRAN; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; PROTEIN; SALTS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHOLESTYRAMINE; ABSORPTION; COMPONENTS AB The in vitro binding of bile acids by soy bean (Glycine max), black eye bean (Vigna unguiculata), garbanzo (Cicer arietinum) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) was determined, using a mixture of bile acids secreted in human bile at a duodenal physiological pH 6.3. Six treatments and two blank incubations were conducted, testing substrates on an equal protein basis. Considering cholestyramine as 100 bound, the relative in vitro bile acid bindings for the soy bean, black eye bean, garbanzo and lima bean, on equal protein basis, were 6%, 14%, 47% and 17%, respectively. Relative bile acid binding on equal dry matter (DM), total dietary fibre (TDF) and insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) basis were for soy bean, 2%, 10% and 12%, black eye bean, 3%, 21% and 25%, garbanzo 10%, 68% and 80%, and lima bean 4%, 19% and 23%, respectively. Except for garbanzo, where values were much higher, bile acid bindings by soy bean, black eye bean and lima bean appear to be related to their DM content. These results indicate that bile acid binding by garbanzo > black eye beans = lima beans > soy beans shows their relative health-promoting potential. Incorporation of garbanzo, black eye and lima bean in diets should be encouraged. Data suggest that, of all four kinds of beans tested, bile acid binding may be related to phytochemical (flavonoid, tannin, estrogenic content), anionic, cationic, physical and chemical structure, composition and metabolites, or their interaction with active binding sites. Animal studies are in progress to validate relationship of in vitro binding of various beans observed herein to lipids, cholesterol-lowering and atherosclerosis amelioration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tsk@pw.usda.gov NR 35 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 86 IS 3 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.09.018 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 811LG UT WOS:000220772800015 ER PT J AU Konuklar, G Inglett, GE Warner, K Carriere, CJ AF Konuklar, G Inglett, GE Warner, K Carriere, CJ TI Use of a beta-glucan hydrocolloidal suspension in the manufacture of low-fat Cheddar cheeses: textural properties by instrumental methods and sensory panels SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS LA English DT Article DE nutrim; cheese; texture; sensory; shreddability; meltability ID MOZZARELLA CHEESE; MELTABILITY EVALUATION; MIMETICS; MILK AB The textural properties of 3-month-old low-fat Cheddar cheeses manufactured with a beta-glucan hydrocolloidal composite denoted as Nutrim, a nutraceutical fat replacer, were studied via instrumental methods and sensory panels. Instrumental methods used included texture analysis, melt-flow-index meter, and shreddability analysis. The sensory attributes studied were texture and flavor. The low-fat control cheeses (11.2% fat) were compared with Nutrim-I (6.8% fat), and Nutrim-II (3.47% fat) cheeses. Although the fat levels of Nutrim cheeses were reduced significantly, the hardness, fracturability, and melt-flow index-time values were significantly lower than the low-fat control cheeses. The elasticity and the cohesiveness values were similar for all the cheeses. This was in agreement with the uniform shred sizes found for the cheeses. Most textural attributes from the sensory panel were similar, except for Nutrim-II cheeses, which were significantly more pasty. For flavor attributes, the low-fat control cheeses were significantly less bitter, more buttery, and less starchy than the Nutrim cheeses. These results may be linked to higher fat contents and lower water activity of the cheeses. Instrumental measurements significantly correlated to the sensory panel and to the proximate analysis. Significant replacement of fat with the Nutrim composites resulted in softer Cheddar cheeses with decreased melt times and decreased sensory scores. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Konuklar, G (reprint author), Abbott Labs, Analyt Res & Serv, Ross Prod Div, Dept 104105-RP4-2,625 Cleveland Ave, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM gul.konuklar@abbott.com NR 28 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-005X J9 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID JI Food Hydrocolloids PD JUL PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 535 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2003.08.010 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 821FW UT WOS:000221446800002 ER PT J AU Onwulata, C Tomasula, P AF Onwulata, C Tomasula, P TI Whey texturization: A way forward SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PROTEIN; EXTRUSION; FUNCTIONALITY; PRODUCTS; DIETS AB Cheese whey, once considered "waste" from cheese making, is now a highly sought-after commodity with a significant share of the dairy ingredients C market. Through innovations in technology and food science, whey has evolved into an income-producing ingredient for the dairy industry. Technology is again poised to further increase market value for whey proteins through texturization processing and creation of textured co-products. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Excellence Extrus & Polymer Rheol, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulata, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Excellence Extrus & Polymer Rheol, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM conwulata@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 9 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 58 IS 7 BP 50 EP + PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 837JL UT WOS:000222625300011 ER PT J AU Eastin, IL Cunningham, KH Roos, JA AF Eastin, IL Cunningham, KH Roos, JA TI Factors that influence the export success of forest products companies in the Pacific Northwest SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HARDWOOD LUMBER EXPORTERS; MARKET AB While most North American firms reported a decline in export revenues from Japan over the period 1997 to 1998, some firms experienced increases. This anomaly prompted an investigation into why some firms were successful in increasing their exports while other firms were not. The primary objective of this study was to identify the key characteristics of successful exporters. The study was a census of firms involved in the export of wood building materials to Japan from the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia). A combination mail/fax survey was used to collect primary data. The survey was sent out to 173 exporters and 72 completed surveys were received, providing an overall response rate of 41.6 percent. The results of this research suggest that export success during the 1997 to 1998 economic recession in Japan was closely related to firm size, shortened distribution channels, product mix, having a company presence in Japan, and maintaining a close relationship with Japanese customers even during an economic downturn. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Ctr Int Trade Forest Prod, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Sitka Wood Utilzat Ctr, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. RP Eastin, IL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Ctr Int Trade Forest Prod, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 54 IS 7-8 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 847CC UT WOS:000223365400004 ER PT J AU Hunt, JF Vick, CB AF Hunt, JF Vick, CB TI Evaluation of coupling agents to manufacture hybrid hardboard made from industrial waste fiberglass and wood fiber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORRUGATED CONTAINERS AB Every day, tons of fibrous material are landfilled that could otherwise be used for structural panel products. In this study, we looked at combining fibers from industrial fiberglass insulation trim waste with commercial hardboard fibers and with recycled corrugated container fibers to improve the properties of a structural hardboard-like panel. This study also investigated the effectiveness of two coupling agents at enhancing fiber-to-fiber bonding between fiberglass and wood fibers. Processing characteristics, physical properties, and mechanical properties of the wet-formed mats and finished panels were measured to determine the effects of the following three factors: 1) fiberglass loading level (0%, 7.5%, and 15%); 2) coupling agent; and 3) wood fiber type (steam-exploded hardboard or recycled corrugated). Also, panel strength and linear expansion properties of the experimental boards were compared with commercial hardboard. As applied, the coupling agents did not improve the fiberglass-to-wood-fiber bond. All panels exceeded minimum strength and dimensional requirements for hardboard; however, mechanical properties decreased as fiberglass loading level increased. The addition of fiberglass improved dimensional stability for all panels and improved drainage rate for panels made with recycled corrugated containers. Panels made from recycled corrugated container fibers were significantly stronger than those made from commercial hardboard fibers. Industrial waste fiberglass can be incorporated with either wood fiber (commercial hardboard or recycled corrugated container) and still exceed minimum dimension and strength requirements for hardboard. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Hunt, JF (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 54 IS 7-8 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 847CC UT WOS:000223365400005 ER PT J AU Fleming, MR Janowiak, JJ Kearns, J Shield, JE Roy, R Agrawal, DK Bauer, LS Miller, DL Hoover, K AF Fleming, MR Janowiak, JJ Kearns, J Shield, JE Roy, R Agrawal, DK Bauer, LS Miller, DL Hoover, K TI Parameters for scale-up of lethal microwave treatment to eradicate cerambycid larvae infesting solid wood packing materials SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The use of microwave irradiation to eradicate insects infesting wood used to manufacture packing materials such as pallets and crates was evaluated. The focus of this preliminary study was to determine which microwave parameters, including chamber-volume to sample-volume ratios, variations of power and time, and energy density (total microwave power/wood volume), affect the lethal microwave dose required for laboratory-size samples of red pine infested with cerambycid larvae. Energy density was an acceptable parameter to predict lethal 2.45 GHz microwave doses when wood moisture content was held constant. Studies designed to verify these results using commercial-size loads are in progress. C1 Penn State Univ, Forest Resources Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. USDA ARS, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fleming, MR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Forest Resources Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 54 IS 7-8 BP 80 EP 84 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 847CC UT WOS:000223365400011 ER PT J AU Williams, RS Feist, WC AF Williams, RS Feist, WC TI Durability of yellow-poplar and sweetgum and service life of finishes after long-term exposure SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This report describes the results of long-term outdoor exposure on durability of hardwood plywood and the service life of various finishes. Smooth (abrasive-planed) and rough (saw-textured) yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) and sweetgum (Liquid-ambar styraciflua L.) plywood panels were exposed outdoors for 16 years near Madison, Wisconsin. The performance of several finishes was evaluated over a 12-year period, and the panels were evaluated for decay after 16 years. Oil or latex semitransparent stain provided less than 5 years of service life. Nevertheless, the wood showed only minor decay after 16 years. In contrast, latex paint was in excellent condition after 12 years, but the wood showed considerable decay. Our results indicate that more weather resistant film-forming finishes increase the incidence of decay in yellow-poplar and sweetgum. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Williams, RS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 54 IS 7-8 BP 96 EP 101 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 847CC UT WOS:000223365400013 ER PT J AU Karsi, A Waldbieser, GC Small, BC Liu, ZJ Wolters, WR AF Karsi, A Waldbieser, GC Small, BC Liu, ZJ Wolters, WR TI Molecular cloning of proopiomelanocortin cDNA and multi-tissue mRNA expression in channel catfish SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; pituitary; ACTH; MSH; beta-endorphin; stress ID ALPHA-MSH; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; BETA-ENDORPHIN; PROTOPTERUS-ANNECTENS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; STIMULATING-HORMONE; LEPISOSTEUS-SPATULA; GAMMA-MELANOTROPIN; POLYODON-SPATHULA; AFRICAN LUNGFISH AB Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) proopiomelanocortin (POMC) cDNA was cloned to investigate its structure, evolution, and expression in different tissues. POMC is an important gene in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, the main mediator of the stress response. POMC gene was isolated from a pituitary cDNA library and nucleotide sequence was determined. POMC cDNA is composed of 1164 nucleotides with a 639 nucleotide open reading frame encoding a protein of 212 amino acids. Catfish POMC protein contains a signal peptide (SP, Met(1)-Ala(28)), N-terminal peptide (Gln(29)-Glu(101)), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, Ser(104)-Met(142)), alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH, Ser(104)-Val(116)), corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP, Arg(121)-Met(142)), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH, Glu(145)-His(212)), gamma-lipotropin (gamma-LPH, Glu(145)-Ser(177)), beta-MSH (Asp(161)-Ser(177)), and beta-endorphin (beta-EP, Tyr(180)-His(212)). Catfish POMC protein does not contain a gamma-MSH region and most of the joining peptide and part of the gamma-LPH are deleted. Protein sequence alignment showed the highest similarity with the carp (Cyprinus carpio) POMC I (66.5%) and POMC II (67%), while the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) POC (17.9%) and POM (18.8%) were the most divergent. The average similarity was 46.95% among the 44 POMC proteins from 36 different species analyzed. Compared to the POMC mRNA levels in the pituitary, the concentration of the POMC mRNA was 0.0594% in the anterior kidney and 0.0012-0.0045% in all the other tissues except in the skin where the lowest expression (0.0005%) was observed. Overall architecture of channel catfish POMC is highly similar to those from other teleosts. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Karsi, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, POB 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM karsi@cvm.msstate.edu RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012; OI Karsi, Attila/0000-0001-6845-3346 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 IS 3 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.03.012 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 833MI UT WOS:000222341100010 PM 15201069 ER PT J AU Gao, WX Chen, ZJ Yu, JZ Raska, D Kohel, RJ Womack, JE Stelly, DM AF Gao, WX Chen, ZJ Yu, JZ Raska, D Kohel, RJ Womack, JE Stelly, DM TI Wide-cross whole-genome radiation hybrid mapping of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DRAFT SEQUENCE; GENETIC METHOD; LINKAGE MAP; RECOMBINATION; CHROMOSOMES; MAIZE; PANEL; BARBADENSE; IRRADIATION AB We report the development and characterization of a "wide-cross whole-genome radiation hybrid" (WWRH) panel from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Chromosomes were segmented by gamma-irradiation of G. hirsutum (n = 26) pollen, and segmented chromosomes were rescued after in vivo fertilization of G. barbadense egg cells (n = 26). A 5-krad gamma-ray WWRH mapping panel (N = 93) was constructed and genotyped at 102 SSR loci. SSR marker retention frequencies were higher than those for animal systems and marker retention patterns were informative. Using the program RHMAP, 52 of 102 SSR markers were mapped into 16 syntenic groups. Linkage group 9 (LG 9) SSR markers BNL0625 and BNL2805 had been colocalized by linkage analysis, but their order was resolved by differential retention among WWRH plants. Two linkage groups, LG 13 and LG 9, were combined into one syntenic group, and the chromosome 1 linkage group marker BNL4053 was reassigned to chromosome 9. Analyses of cytogenetic stocks supported synteny of LG 9 and LG 13 and localized them to the short arm of chromosome 17. They also supported reassignment of marker BNL4053 to the long arm of chromosome 9. A WWRH map of the syntenic group composed of linkage groups 9 and 13 was constructed by maximum-likelihood analysis under the general retention model. The results demonstrate not only the feasibility of WWRH panel construction and mapping, but also complementarity to traditional linkage mapping and cytogenetic methods. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Stelly, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 370 Olsen Blvd, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM stelly@tamu.edu OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 51 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUL PY 2004 VL 167 IS 3 BP 1317 EP 1329 DI 10.1534/genetics.103.020479 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 843TL UT WOS:000223109300025 PM 15280245 ER PT J AU Kim, J Bergmann, A Lucas, S Stone, R Stubbs, L AF Kim, J Bergmann, A Lucas, S Stone, R Stubbs, L TI Lineage-specific imprinting and evolution of the zinc-finger gene ZIM2 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN-SYNDROME; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME 19Q13.4; PROXIMAL CHROMOSOME-7; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; HUMAN HOMOLOG; MOUSE GENOME; PEG3; REGIONS; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-19; TRANSCRIPTS AB We have carried out an in-depth comparative analysis of a 100-kb genomic interval containing two imprinted genes, PEG3 and ZIM2, using sequences derived from human, mouse, and cow. In all three mammals, ZIM2 is located at a similar genomic distance and in the same orientation relative to PEG3, indicating the basic structural conservation of this imprinted locus. However, several lineage-specific changes have occurred that affect the exon structure and imprinting status of ZIM2. Human ZIM2 and PEG3 share a set of 5' exons and a common promoter, and both genes are paternally expressed. In contrast, mouse and cow Zim2 genes do not share 5' exons with Peg3, and Zim2 employs a separate downstream promoter in both species. The imprinting status of Zim2 is also not conserved among mammals; mouse Zim2 is expressed biallelically in testis but predominantly from the maternal allele in brain, while cow Zim2 is expressed biallelically in testis. The separate transcription of Zim2 and Peg3 and the change in promoter usage and imprinting status appear to have resulted from independent insertional events that have placed unrelated genes, Zim1 and Ast1, respectively, between Zim2 and Peg3 in mouse and cow. Our results suggest that PEG3 and ZIM2 represent the two original genes at this locus and that rearrangements have occurred independently in different mammalian lineages in recent evolutionary times. Our data also suggest that exon-sharing of human PEG3 and ZIM2 was not ancestral, but may represent a fusion event joining, the two neighboring genes and bringing ZIM2 under paternal expression control. These observations are striking in light of the structural and functional conservation that typifies other imprinted domains and suggest that the PEG3/ZIM2 imprinted domain may have evolved in an unusual lineage-specific pattern. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-441,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kim16@llnl.gov OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066225, R01-GM66225] NR 26 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUL PY 2004 VL 84 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.02.007 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 835CU UT WOS:000222458400005 PM 15203203 ER PT J AU Luo, TX Pan, YD Ouyang, H Shi, PL Luo, J Yu, ZL Lu, Q AF Luo, TX Pan, YD Ouyang, H Shi, PL Luo, J Yu, ZL Lu, Q TI Leaf area index and net primary productivity along subtropical to alpine gradients in the Tibetan Plateau SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Alpine plants; climate; leaf area index; logistic function; net primary productivity; soil nutrients; Tibetan Plateau; transect ID UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION GRADIENT; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-BALANCE; CARBON GAIN; LIFE-SPAN; NITROGEN; PLANT AB Aim Our aims were to quantify climatic and soil controls on net primary productivity (NPP) and leaf area index (LAI) along subtropical to alpine gradients where the vegetation remains relatively undisturbed, and investigate whether NPP and LAI converge towards threshold-like logistic patterns associated with climatic and soil variables that would help us to verify and parameterize process models for predicting future ecosystem behaviour under global environmental change. Location Field data were collected from 22 sites along the Tibetan Alpine Vegetation Transects (TAVT) during 1999-2000. The TAVT included the altitudinal transect on the eastern slope of the Gongga Mountains in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, with altitudes from 1900 m to 3700 m, and the longitudinal-latitudinal transect in the Central Tibetan Plateau, of approximately 1000 km length and 40 km width. Methods LAI was measured as the product of foliage biomass multiplied by the ratio of specific leaf area. NPP in forests and shrub communities was estimated as the sum of increases in standing crops of live vegetation using recent stem growth rate and leaf lifespan. NPP in grasslands was estimated from the above-ground maximum live biomass. We measured the soil organic carbon (C) and total and available nitrogen (N) contents and their pool sizes by conventional methods. Mean temperatures for the year, January and July and annual precipitation were estimated from available meteorological stations by interpolation or simulation. The threshold-like logistic function was used to model the relationships of LAI and NPP with climatic and soil variables. Results Geographically, NPP and LAI both significantly decreased with increasing latitude (P < 0.02), but increased with increasing longitude (P < 0.01). Altitudinal trends in NPP and LAI showed different patterns. NPP generally decreased with increasing altitude in a linear relationship (r(2) = 0.73, P < 0.001), whereas LAI showed a negative quadratic relationship with altitude (r(2) = 0.58, P < 0.001). Temperature and precipitation, singly or in combination, explained 60-68% of the NPP variation with logistic relationships, while the soil organic C and total N variables explained only 21-46% of the variation with simple linear regressions of log-transformed data. LAI showed significant logistic relationships with both climatic and soil variables, but the data from alpine spruce-fir sites diverged greatly from the modelled patterns associated with temperature and precipitation. Soil organic C storage had the strongest correlation with LAI (r(2) = 0.68, P < 0.001). Main conclusions In response to climatic gradients along the TAVT, LAI and NPP across diverse vegetation types converged towards threshold-like logistic patterns consistent with the general distribution patterns of live biomass both above-ground and below-ground found in our earlier studies. Our analysis further revealed that climatic factors strongly limited the NPP variations along the TAVT because the precipitation gradient characterized not only the vegetation distribution but also the soil N conditions of the natural ecosystems. LAI generally increased with increasing precipitation and was well correlated with soil organic C and total N variables. The interaction between LAI growth and soil N availability would appear to have important implications for ecosystem structure and function of alpine spruce-fir forests. Convergence towards logistic patterns in dry matter production of plants in the TAVT suggests that alpine plant growth would increase in a nonlinear response to global warming. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Forestry, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. US Forest Serv, USDA, No Global Change Res Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Luo, TX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM luotx@itpcas.ac.cn RI Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015 NR 64 TC 60 Z9 72 U1 13 U2 91 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 345 EP 358 DI 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00094.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 831EH UT WOS:000222175600008 ER PT J AU Vaughn, S Isbell, T Weisleder, D Berhow, M AF Vaughn, Steven Isbell, Terry Weisleder, David Berhow, Mark TI Biofumigation Potential of Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) Seedmeal SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vaughn, Steven; Isbell, Terry; Weisleder, David; Berhow, Mark] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 745 EP 745 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200004 ER PT J AU Goenaga, R Rivera, E AF Goenaga, Ricardo Rivera, Edmundo TI Yield and Fruit Quality of Carambola Cultivars Grown at Three Locations in Puerto Rico SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goenaga, Ricardo; Rivera, Edmundo] ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, USDA, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 752 EP 752 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200035 ER PT J AU Towill, LE AF Towill, Leigh E. TI Cryopreservation of Apple: Results with Non-desiccated Winter Scions SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Towill, Leigh E.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 752 EP 753 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200037 ER PT J AU Hammerschlag, FA Garces, S Koch-Dean, M Ray, S Lewers, KS Maas, JL Smith, BJ AF Hammerschlag, Freddi A. Garces, Sandra Koch-Dean, Margery Ray, Stephanie Lewers, Kim S. Maas, John L. Smith, Barbara J. TI In Vitro Response of Strawberry Cultivars and Somaclones to Colletotrichum acutatum SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hammerschlag, Freddi A.; Garces, Sandra; Koch-Dean, Margery; Ray, Stephanie; Lewers, Kim S.; Maas, John L.] USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, Barbara J.] USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 754 EP 754 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200045 ER PT J AU Lu, J Huang, H Hunter, W Dang, P Leong, S AF Lu, Jiang Huang, Hong Hunter, Wayne Dang, Phat Leong, Stephen TI Preliminary Pathogenesis-relative Pathways Network Analysis and Relative Putative Genes Annotation In Vitis shuttleworthii Grape through EST Analysis SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lu, Jiang; Huang, Hong; Leong, Stephen] Florida A&M Univ, Viticulture Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. [Hunter, Wayne; Dang, Phat] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 756 EP 756 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200054 ER PT J AU Farnham, M Ruttencutter, G Smith, P Keinath, A AF Farnham, Mark Ruttencutter, Glen Smith, Powell Keinath, Anthony TI Hybridizing Collard and Cabbage to Make Collard Cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Farnham, Mark] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Smith, Powell] Clemson Univ, Edisto Res & Educ Ctr, Blackville, SC USA. [Keinath, Anthony] Clemson Univ, Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. [Ruttencutter, Glen] Sunseeds, Lodi, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 766 EP 766 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200099 ER PT J AU Fery, RL Thies, JA AF Fery, Richard L. Thies, Judy A. TI Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Capsicum chinense: Development of Resistant Habanero-type Cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fery, Richard L.; Thies, Judy A.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 766 EP 766 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200097 ER PT J AU Mou, B Liu, YB AF Mou, Beiquan Liu, Yong-Biao TI Resistance to Leafminers in Lettuce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mou, Beiquan; Liu, Yong-Biao] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 766 EP 766 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200098 ER PT J AU Grieve, CM Carter, CT Poss, JA AF Grieve, Catherine M. Carter, Christy T. Poss, James A. TI Productivity of Two Limonium Species Irrigated with Saline Wastewaters SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grieve, Catherine M.; Carter, Christy T.; Poss, James A.] USDA, US Salin Lab, Plant Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 MA 323 BP 767 EP 767 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200102 ER PT J AU Scagel, C AF Scagel, Carolyn TI Mycorrhiza-induced Changes in Partitioning and Composition Alters Flower and Vegetative Production of Floral Geophytes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Scagel, Carolyn] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 767 EP 767 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200103 ER PT J AU Makus, DJ Lester, GE AF Makus, Donald J. Lester, Gene E. TI Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Light Intensity and Time of Day on Mustard Greens Leaf Ascorbic Acid and Greenness at Harvest SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Makus, Donald J.] USDA ARS, IF&NR, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 771 EP 771 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200121 ER PT J AU Jenderek, MM Hannan, R AF Jenderek, Maria M. Hannan, Richard TI Tolerance to Rust (Puccinia allii) in Seed Derived Garlic Progenies SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jenderek, Maria M.] ARS, USDA, NALPGRU, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Hannan, Richard] ARS, USDA, WRPIS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 775 EP 775 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200140 ER PT J AU Zewdie, Y Havey, MJ Prince, JP Jenderek, MM AF Zewdie, Yayeh Havey, Michael J. Prince, James P. Jenderek, Maria M. TI Genetic Linkage Map of Garlic (Allium sativum) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zewdie, Yayeh; Prince, James P.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jenderek, Maria M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Arid Land Plant Genet Resource Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 775 EP 775 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200138 ER PT J AU Frantz, JM Pitchay, DS Locke, JC Krause, C AF Frantz, Jonathan M. Pitchay, Dharmalingam S. Locke, James C. Krause, Charles TI Evaluating Silica Uptake in Bedding Plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Frantz, Jonathan M.; Locke, James C.] ARS, USDA, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Krause, Charles] ARS, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Pitchay, Dharmalingam S.] Univ Toledo, Plant Sci Res Ctr, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 776 EP 776 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200143 ER PT J AU Pitchay, DS Frantz, JM Locke, JC AF Pitchay, Dharmalingam S. Frantz, Jonathan M. Locke, James C. TI Anion Species in Fertilizers Affect Growth and Development in Bedding Plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pitchay, Dharmalingam S.] Univ Toledo, Plant Sci Res Ctr, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan M.; Locke, James C.] ARS, USDA, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 776 EP 777 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200147 ER PT J AU Albano, JP Wilson, PC Wilson, SB AF Albano, Joseph P. Wilson, P. Chris Wilson, Sandra B. TI Effect of Neutralizing Irrigation Water Alkalinity with Acid on Nutritional Status and Growth of Thryallis (Galphimia glauca Cav.) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Albano, Joseph P.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Wilson, P. Chris; Wilson, Sandra B.] Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 777 EP 777 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200150 ER PT J AU Pitchay, DS Frantz, JM Locke, JM Krause, C AF Pitchay, Dharmalingam S. Frantz, Jonathan M. Locke, Jonathan M. Krause, Charles TI Managing Nitrogen, Potassium, and Boron in New Guinea Impatiens: Is More Better? SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pitchay, Dharmalingam S.] Univ Toledo, Plant Sci Res Ctr, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan M.; Locke, Jonathan M.] ARS, USDA, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Krause, Charles] ARS, USDA, Toledo, OH 44691 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 777 EP 777 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200149 ER PT J AU Tisseret, B Vaughn, S AF Tisseret, Brent Vaughn, Steven TI Influence of Physical Parameters on the Growth, Morphogenesis and Volatile Monoterpene Production in Mentha spicata L. Cultures In Vitro SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tisseret, Brent] ARS, USDA, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61548 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 778 EP 779 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200157 ER PT J AU Bai, JH Chen, P Baldwin, E Mattheis, J AF Bai, Jinhe Chen, Paul Baldwin, Elizabeth Mattheis, James TI Inducing Optimal Ripening Capacity of 1-MCP-treated 'Bartlett'.Pears after Regular Air or Controlled Atmosphere Storage SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bai, Jinhe; Chen, Paul] Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. [Baldwin, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Mattheis, James] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 782 EP 782 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200173 ER PT J AU Pechous, SW Whitaker, BD Watkins, CB AF Pechous, Steven W. Whitaker, Bruce D. Watkins, Christopher B. TI Expression of Alpha-farnesene Synthase Gene AFS1 in Relation to Levels of Farnesene and Conjugated Trienols in Peel Tissue of Scald-susceptible 'Law Rome' and Scald-resistant 'Idared' Apple fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pechous, Steven W.; Whitaker, Bruce D.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Watkins, Christopher B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 782 EP 782 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200172 ER PT J AU Lewers, KS Stafne, ET Clark, JR Weber, CA Graham, J AF Lewers, Kim S. Stafne, Eric T. Clark, John R. Weber, Courtney A. Graham, Julie TI Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers for Raspberry and Blackberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lewers, Kim S.] USDA ARS, BARC Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 21046 USA. [Stafne, Eric T.; Clark, John R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Weber, Courtney A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Graham, Julie] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 785 EP 785 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200187 ER PT J AU Rahman, SML Baker, JT Cabrera, RI Timlin, DJ Quebedeaux, B AF Rahman, S. M. Lutfor Baker, Jeffrey T. Cabrera, Raul I. Timlin, Dennis J. Quebedeaux, Bruno TI Simulation of Phenology, Growth and Yield of Cucumis melo SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rahman, S. M. Lutfor; Cabrera, Raul I.] Texas A&M Univ, Res & Extn Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Baker, Jeffrey T.] USDA ARS, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. [Timlin, Dennis J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Quebedeaux, Bruno] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 785 EP 785 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200184 ER PT J AU Reed, S AF Reed, Sandra TI Storage of Flowering Dogwood (C.florida) Seed SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reed, Sandra] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 786 EP 787 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200192 ER PT J AU Bi, GH Scagelz, C Cheng, LL Fuchigami, L AF Bi, Guihong Scagelz, Carolyn Cheng, Lailiang Fuchigami, Leslie TI Nitrogen Storage and Its Interaction with Carbohydrates of Young Almond Trees in Response to Nitrogen Supply SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bi, Guihong; Fuchigami, Leslie] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Scagelz, Carolyn] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Cheng, Lailiang] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 796 EP 796 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200237 ER PT J AU Merhaut, DJ Albano, J Blythe, EK Newman, J AF Merhaut, Donald J. Albano, Joseph Blythe, Eugene K. Newman, Julie TI Nutrient Release Characteristics From Four Types of Controlled-release Fertilizers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Merhaut, Donald J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Albano, Joseph] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Blythe, Eugene K.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Newman, Julie] Univ Calif, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 797 EP 797 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200240 ER PT J AU Byrne, D Vizzotto, M Cisneros-Zevallos, L Ramming, D Okies, W AF Byrne, David Vizzotto, Marcia Cisneros-Zevallos, Luis Ramming, David Okies, W. TI Antioxidant Content of Peach and Plum Genotypes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Byrne, David; Vizzotto, Marcia; Cisneros-Zevallos, Luis] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ramming, David] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Okies, W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 798 EP 798 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200247 ER PT J AU Malik, NSA Bradford, JM Brockington, J AF Malik, Nasir S. A. Bradford, Joe M. Brockington, Jim TI Growing Olives in Texas SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Malik, Nasir S. A.; Bradford, Joe M.; Brockington, Jim] USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 799 EP 799 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200250 ER PT J AU Layne, DR Okie, WR Hitzler, EJ AF Layne, Desmond R. Okie, W. R. Dick Hitzler, Eric J. TI Peach Evaluation Website SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Layne, Desmond R.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Okie, W. R. Dick] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Hitzler, Eric J.] Clemson Univ, Seneca, SC 29678 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 800 EP 800 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200256 ER PT J AU Boyden, LE Cousins, P AF Boyden, Laurie E. Cousins, Peter TI Segregation of Resistance to Root-knot Nematodes in a Vitis Nesbittiana Hybrid Population SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cousins, Peter] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 804 EP 804 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200274 ER PT J AU Cousins, P AF Cousins, Peter TI Correlation of Basal Node and Cluster Numbers in Grapevines SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cousins, Peter] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 804 EP 804 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200275 ER PT J AU Stringer, SJ Draper, A Spiers, JM AF Stringer, Stephen J. Draper, Arlen Spiers, James M. TI 'Native Blue', a New Southern Ornamental (Vaccinium darowii) Blueberry Cultivar SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stringer, Stephen J.; Draper, Arlen; Spiers, James M.] USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 804 EP 804 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200273 ER PT J AU Bell, RL van der Zwetz, T Miller, DD AF Bell, Richard L. van der Zwetz, Tom Miller, Diane D. TI 'Shenandoah': A New Fire Blight-resistant Pear Cultivar SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bell, Richard L.; van der Zwetz, Tom] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Miller, Diane D.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 805 EP 805 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200277 ER PT J AU Fung, R Wang, C Smith, D Gross, K Tao, Y Tian, MS AF Fung, Raymond Wang, Chien Smith, David Gross, Kenneth Tao, Yang Tian, Meisheng TI Correlation of Increased Alternative Oxidase Gene Expression With Reduced Chilling Injury in Cold-stored Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentunt) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fung, Raymond; Wang, Chien; Smith, David; Gross, Kenneth] USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Biol Resources Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 806 EP 806 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200283 ER PT J AU Saftner, RA Abbott, JA Lester, GE AF Saftner, Robert A. Abbott, Judith A. Lester, Gene E. TI Sensory and Analytical Analyses of Fruit Quality Constituents of Fresh-cut Orange- and Green-fleshed Honeydews and Orange-fleshed Cantaloupe SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Saftner, Robert A.; Abbott, Judith A.] USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lester, Gene E.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 806 EP 806 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200282 ER PT J AU Hong, WF Bai, CQ Broe, M Hu, JG Krause, C Tay, D Wang, GL AF Hong, Wai-Foong Bai, Chang-Qing Broe, Michael Hu, Jinguo Krause, Charles Tay, David Wang, Guo-Liang TI Assessing Genetic Variability of Pelargonium Species Using PCR-based TRAP Markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hong, Wai-Foong; Wang, Guo-Liang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bai, Chang-Qing; Broe, Michael; Tay, David] Ohio State Univ, Ornamental Plant Germplasm Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hu, Jinguo] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Krause, Charles] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 812 EP 813 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200313 ER PT J AU Stommel, JR Abbott, JA Francis, D Camp, MJ AF Stommel, John R. Abbott, Judith A. Francis, David Camp, Mary J. TI Heritability Patterns of Elastic and Viscoelastic Components of Tomato Firmness Derived from Intra- and Interspecific Genetic Backgrounds SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stommel, John R.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Abbott, Judith A.] USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Francis, David] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Camp, Mary J.] USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 812 EP 812 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200311 ER PT J AU Miller, S Scorza, R AF Miller, Stephen Scorza, Ralph TI Performance of Pillar and Upright Form Peach Trees Grown in a Central Leader or Multiple Leader Orchard System at Various Planting Densities SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Miller, Stephen; Scorza, Ralph] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 815 EP 815 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200325 ER PT J AU Wang, C AF Wang, Chien TI Quality of Tomato Slices Freshly Cut from Fruit Treated with Methyl Jasmonate SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Chien] USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 817 EP 817 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200337 ER PT J AU Million, JB Yeager, TH Albano, JP AF Million, Jeff B. Yeager, Thomas H. Albano, Joseph P. TI Spacing and Fertilizer Application Method Influence Container Plant Growth and Runoff SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Million, Jeff B.; Yeager, Thomas H.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Albano, Joseph P.] USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 818 EP 818 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200341 ER PT J AU Marshall, DA Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM AF Marshall, Donna A. Stringer, Stephen J. Spiers, James M. TI Natural and Artificial Chilling of Southern Highbush Blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marshall, Donna A.; Stringer, Stephen J.; Spiers, James M.] USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 825 EP 825 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200374 ER PT J AU Takeda, FT Hokanson, S Enns, J Perkins-Veazie, P Swartz, H AF Takeda, Fumiomi Takeda Hokanson, Stan Enns, John Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Swartz, Harry TI Plugging Date and Cold Storage Affect Strawberry Transplant Production and Performance in Annual Plasticulture SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Takeda, Fumiomi Takeda] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Hokanson, Stan] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Enns, John] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope] USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Swartz, Harry] Univ Maryland, Dept Hort, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 829 EP 829 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200391 ER PT J AU Wang, S Zheng, W AF Wang, Shiow Zheng, Wei TI Preharvest Application of Methyl Jasmonate Increases Content of Antioxidant Compounds and Oxygen Absorbing Capacities in Raspberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Shiow; Zheng, Wei] USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 829 EP 829 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200392 ER PT J AU Abbott, JA AF Abbott, Judith A. TI Sensory and Instrumental Measurement of Texture of Fruits and Vegetables SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Abbott, Judith A.] USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 830 EP 830 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200398 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, JK Roberts, W AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Collins, J. K. Roberts, Warren TI Screening Carotenoid Content in Seeded and Seedless Watermelon Fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope] USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Collins, J. K.] USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Roberts, Warren] Oklahoma State Univ, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 830 EP 830 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200396 ER PT J AU Roh, M AF Roh, Mark TI Flowering and Inflorescence Development of Lachenalia aloides 'Pearsonii' as Influenced by Bulb Storage and Forcing Temperature SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Roh, Mark] ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 833 EP 833 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200410 ER PT J AU Leinfelder, MM Merwin, IA Fazio, G Robinson, T AF Leinfelder, Michelle M. Merwin, Ian A. Fazio, Gennaro Robinson, Terence TI Resistant Rootstocks, Preplant Compost Amendments, Soil Fumigation, and Row Repositioning for Managing Apple Replant Disease SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Leinfelder, Michelle M.; Merwin, Ian A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fazio, Gennaro] Cornell Univ, USDA, NYS Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Robinson, Terence] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 841 EP 841 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200441 ER PT J AU Solomos, T Trivedi, P Asif, M Pathak, N Mattoo, A AF Solomos, Theo Trivedi, Prabodh Asif, Mehar Pathak, Neelam Mattoo, Autar TI Temporary Relationship Between C(2)H(4) Evolution and C(2)H(4) Recptor Genes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Asif, Mehar] Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pathak, Neelam] Univ Lucknow, Dept Biochem, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Mattoo, Autar] USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 846 EP 846 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200463 ER PT J AU Frantz, JM Pitchay, DS Locke, JC AF Frantz, Jonathan M. Pitchay, Dharmalingam S. Locke, James C. TI Water-holding Polymers: Revisiting Their Role in Bedding Plant Production and Shelf Life SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Frantz, Jonathan M.; Locke, James C.] ARS, USDA, Appl Technol Res Unit, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Pitchay, Dharmalingam S.] Univ Toledo, Plant Sci Res Ctr, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 856 EP 856 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200508 ER PT J AU Lombardini, L Glenn, DM Harris, MK AF Lombardini, Leonardo Glenn, D. Michael Harris, Marvin K. TI Application of Kaolin-based Particle Film on Pecan Trees: Consequences on Leaf Gas Exchange, Stem Water Potential, Nut Quality, and Insect Populations SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lombardini, Leonardo] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Glenn, D. Michael] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Harris, Marvin K.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 857 EP 858 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200515 ER PT J AU Wood, B Reilly, C Nyczepir, A AF Wood, Bruce Reilly, Charles Nyczepir, Andrew TI Nickel Deficiency is Occuring in Orchard Trees SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wood, Bruce; Reilly, Charles; Nyczepir, Andrew] ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, USDA, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 858 EP 858 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200517 ER PT J AU Dhanaraj, AL Slovin, JP Rowland, LJ AF Dhanaraj, Anik L. Slovin, Janet P. Rowland, Lisa J. TI EST Analysis for the Study of Cold Stress in Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dhanaraj, Anik L.; Slovin, Janet P.; Rowland, Lisa J.] USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 861 EP 862 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200533 ER PT J AU Hily, JM Scorza, R Ravelonandro, M AF Hily, Jean-Michel Scorza, Ralph Ravelonandro, Michel TI Short interfering RNAs are Associated with Virus Resistance in a Woody Perennial Fruit Tree (Prunus domestica) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hily, Jean-Michel; Scorza, Ralph] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ravelonandro, Michel] INRA Bordeaux, UMR GDPP Virol, Villenave Dornon, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 862 EP 862 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200537 ER PT J AU Robbins, A Jia, Y Louzada, E AF Robbins, Adriana Jia, Ying Louzada, Eliezer TI Gene Expression Analysis a Cold Responsive Gene from Poncirus trifoliata during Acclimation and Deacclimation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Robbins, Adriana; Louzada, Eliezer] Teas A&M Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Jia, Ying] USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 862 EP 862 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200536 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Luo, YG Tao, Y Gross, KC AF Kim, Ji Gang Luo, Yaguang Tao, Yang Gross, Kenneth C. TI Effect of the Combination of MCP and Sanitizer on Storage Life of Fresh-cut Cilantro SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, Ji Gang] Natl Hort Res Inst, Posrharvest Technol Div, Suwon 440706, Kyunggi, South Korea. [Luo, Yaguang; Gross, Kenneth C.] USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tao, Yang] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 863 EP 863 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200539 ER PT J AU Stommel, JR Griesbach, RJ AF Stommel, John R. Griesbach, Robert J. TI Differential Expression of Capsicum Anthocyanin Structural Genes in Response to Temperature Stress SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stommel, John R.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Griesbach, Robert J.] ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 867 EP 868 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200560 ER PT J AU Scott, JW Agrama, HA Jones, JP AF Scott, John W. Agrama, Hesham A. Jones, John P. TI RFLP-based Analysis of Recombination Among Resistance Genes to Fusarium Wilt SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Scott, John W.] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. [Agrama, Hesham A.] USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 868 EP 869 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200565 ER PT J AU Just, BJ Simon, PW AF Just, Brian J. Simon, Philipp W. TI Mapping of Major Carrot Color Genes an Expression of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, UCRU, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 870 EP 870 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200572 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Umeda, K Chen, TY Simmons, AM Henneberry, TH AF Chu, Chang-Chi Umeda, Kai Chen, Tian-Ye Simmons, Alvin M. Henneberry, Thomas H. TI Insect Trap Catch Improvement with Light-Emitting Diode Modification SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chu, Chang-Chi; Chen, Tian-Ye; Henneberry, Thomas H.] USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. [Umeda, Kai] Arizona State Univ W, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. [Simmons, Alvin M.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 871 EP 872 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200579 ER PT J AU Hoque, M Ajwa, H Mou, BQ AF Hoque, Murshidul Ajwa, Husein Mou, Beiquan TI Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization Effects on Nutritional Composition of Lettuce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hoque, Murshidul; Ajwa, Husein] Univ Calif, Dept Vegetable Crops, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Mou, Beiquan] USDA, Crop Improvement Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 872 EP 872 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200582 ER PT J AU Monzon, M Biasi, B Wang, SJ Tang, J Hallman, G Mitcham, E AF Monzon, Maria Biasi, Bill Wang, Shaojin Tang, Juming Hallman, Guy Mitcham, Elizabeth TI Radio Frequency Heating of Persimmon and Guava Fruit as an Alternative Quarantine Treatment SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Monzon, Maria; Biasi, Bill; Mitcham, Elizabeth] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wang, Shaojin; Tang, Juming] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hallman, Guy] USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Res Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 879 EP 879 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200613 ER PT J AU Grube, R Aburomia, R AF Grube, R. Aburomia, R. TI Relationship Between Plant Morphological Traits and Resistance to Sclerotinia minor in Lettuce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grube, R.; Aburomia, R.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 881 EP 881 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200621 ER PT J AU Hayes, RJ Ryder, E Robinson, B AF Hayes, Ryan J. Ryder, Ed Robinson, Bert TI Introgression of Big Vein Tolerance from Lactuca virosa L. into Cultivated Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hayes, Ryan J.; Ryder, Ed; Robinson, Bert] USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 881 EP 881 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA V81JW UT WOS:000205501200622 ER PT J AU Ritenour, MA Dou, H Bowman, KD Boman, BJ Stover, E Castle, WS AF Ritenour, MA Dou, H Bowman, KD Boman, BJ Stover, E Castle, WS TI Effect of rootstock on stem-end rind breakdown and decay of fresh citrus SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SERB; storage; 'Valencia' orange; navel orange; 'Oroblanco'; 'Ray Ruby' grapefruit ID FLORIDA; PERFORMANCE; ORANGES AB Rootstock significantly affected the development of stem-end rind breakdown (SERB) on 'Valencia' and navel oranges (Citrus sinensis), but not 'Ray Ruby' grapefruit (C. paradisi) or 'Oroblanco' (C. grandis x C. paradisi), and affected post-harvest decay on navel orange, 'Ray Ruby' grapefruit, 'Oroblanco' and one of two seasons (2002) on 'Valencia' orange. In 'Valencia' and navel oranges, fruit from trees grown on Gou Ton (unidentified Citrus hybrid) consistently developed low SERB. 'Valencia' oranges on US-952 [(C. paradisi x C. reticulata) x Poncirus trifoliata] developed high levels of SERB in both years tested. Relative SERB of fruit from other rootstocks was more variable. Navel oranges, 'Ray Ruby' grapefruit, and 'Oroblanco' fruit from trees on Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata) rootstock consistently developed relatively low levels of decay, and in navel this level was significantly lower than observed from trees on all other rootstocks. in three of five trials we observed significant differences between widely used commercial rootstocks in their effects on postharvest SERB and/or decay. Given the expanding importance of sales to distant markets, it is suggested that evaluations of quality retention during storage be included when developing citrus rootstocks and scion varieties for the fresh market. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Florida Dept Citrus, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Ritenour, MA (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM mritenour@ifas.ufl.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 834SX UT WOS:000222432300002 ER PT J AU Chen, TY Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ Umeda, K AF Chen, TY Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ Umeda, K TI Monitoring and trapping insects on poinsettia with yellow sticky card traps equipped with light-emitting diodes SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE yellow sticky card trap; light-emitting diode; green-house; poinsettia; insects ID THRIPS THYSANOPTERA; HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; COLOR; DIPTERA AB Insects in a commercial poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) greenhouse were monitored with yellow sticky card (YC) traps and YC equipped with 530-nm lime green light-emitting diodes (LED-YC) traps from 3 June to 25 Nov. 2002. Pest insects were: dark-winged fungus gnat (Bradysia coprophila), sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) biotype B (= argentifolii), western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and leafhopper (Empoasca sp.). Natural enemies were: minute pirate bug (Orius tristicolor), parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera), and rove beetles (Staphylinidae). Over the 24 weeks of the experiment, LED-YC traps captured more dark-winged fungus gnats, sweet potato whiteflies, leafhoppers, and rove beetles compared with YC traps. Capture of western flower thrips, minute pirate bugs, and parasitic wasps were not significantly increased on the YC traps equipped with LEDs. The results indicate that the LED-YC traps attract three major pest insects in poinsettia greenhouses and do not catch more beneficial, minute pirate bugs and parasitic wasps, but may catch significant number of rove beetles. The results suggest that LED-YC traps may be useful to monitor and reduce pest populations in greenhouses. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Maricopa Cty Cooperat Extens, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Chen, TY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM tchen@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 337 EP 341 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 834SX UT WOS:000222432300007 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF AF Scagel, CF TI Enhanced rooting of kinnikinnick cuttings using mycorrhizal fungi in rooting substrate SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glomus intraradices; Laccaria laccata; Arctostapbylos uva-ursi 'Massachusetts'; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; arbutoid mycorrhizal fungi ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; GROWTH; INOCULATION; INFECTION AB Hardwood cuttings of kinnikinnick (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 'Massachusetts') were inoculated with three different types of inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi to determine whether addition of mycorrhizal inoculum into the rooting substrate during cutting propagation increases rooting or root growth, or alters the time for rooting. Cuttings, treated or untreated with rooting hormone prior to sticking into the rooting substrate, were inoculated with either inoculum of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), hyphal inoculum of an arbutoid mycorrhizal fungus (E), or inoculum consisting of colonized root fragments of kinnikinnick (R). Cuttings were placed under mist in a greenhouse with no bottom heat and harvested 35, 56, and 84 days after sticking. Using AMF inoculum in the rooting substrate did not enhance rooting of cuttings, while adding the R or E inoculum to the rooting substrate increased root initiation compared to non-inoculated cuttings. Cuttings inoculated with either the R or E inoculum had greater root initiation than non-inoculated cuttings 56 and 84 days after sticking. When treated with rooting hormone, cuttings inoculated with the E or R inoculum had longer roots and a greater root biomass than non-inoculated cuttings. Mycorrhizal colonization of roots was similar or greater when cuttings were inoculated with the E inoculum than with the R inoculum and application of rooting hormone generally increased root colonization. The use of inoculum. composed of root fragments from kinnikinnick during cutting propagation does not appear to be more beneficial than use of hyphal inoculum from a known arbutoid mycorrhizal fungus. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM scagelc@onid.orst.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 355 EP 363 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 834SX UT WOS:000222432300010 ER PT J AU Sterrett, SB Haynes, KG Savage, CP AF Sterrett, SB Haynes, KG Savage, CP TI Cluster analyses on quality attributes identify broccoli cultivars suitable for early and mainseason harvests on the eastern shore of Virginia SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleaveacea var. italica ID SYSTEMS-APPROACH AB Sixteen broccoli (Brassica oleareacea var. italica) cultivars were evaluated for yield, head maturity, and quality attributes in the fall of 1997. 'Liberty', 'Sabre', 'Barbados', and 'XPH12211' were dropped after 1997 because of poor yield, coarse stems with severely shortened internodes, or lack of seed availability. Thus, three new cultivars, 'Nomad', 'Sussex', and 'XPH12212', were included in the 1998 trial. Head yield was generally higher in 1998 than in the cooler and drier 1997. In each year, cultivars were ranked into early and main season based on yield over sequential harvest dates. Only 'Windsor' was rated as a main-season cultivar in 1997, but an early-season cultivar in 1998. Cluster analyses were then used to group cultivars within year and season by head quality attributes. Based upon these analyses, 'Captain' is recommended for early production because of favorable head quality and moderately high yield potential. After 2 years of tests, none of the main-season cultivars could be recommended. 'Arcadia', 'Decathlon', and 'Windsor' were either too late or inconsistent in maturity. Yield was low for 'Excelsior' and 'Arcadia'. Head quality of 'Laguna' and 'XPH12212' was poor or inconsistent. In the 1998 trial, 'Nomad' and 'Sussex' warranted additional evaluation because of improved yield, head and stem diameter and head quality. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Eastern Shore Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sterrett, SB (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Eastern Shore Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 376 EP 380 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 834SX UT WOS:000222432300014 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RS Everitt, JH Davis, MR Escobar, DE AF Fletcher, RS Everitt, JH Davis, MR Escobar, DE TI Integrating airborne imagery and GIS technology to map and compare citrus blackfly infestations occurring in different years SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE color-infrared; sooty mold; remote sensing; geographic information system ID PHOTOGRAPHY AB Major citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi) outbreaks occur periodically in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas, causing a reduction in citrus (Citrus sp.) tree yields. This research reports on the integration of airborne color-infrared (ACIR) imagery and geographic information system (GIS) technology for mapping citrus blackfly outbreaks appearing in this area in separate years. For this study, the 1993 and 2002 citrus blackfly infestations were mapped and compared. Outbreaks did not appear at the same sites for 1993 and 2002. In 1993, infestations occurred in the southern part of Hidalgo and Cameron counties compared with outbreaks primarily appearing in the western portion of Hidalgo County in 2002. For both years, Hidalgo County was affected more than the other citrus producing counties in the LRGV. This study demonstrated airborne remote sensing imagery integrated with GIS technology could be used to develop maps for comparing citrus blackfly infestations appearing in separate years. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Fletcher, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy,83 Weslaco, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM rfletcher@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 398 EP 401 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 834SX UT WOS:000222432300018 ER PT J AU Miller, MM Bacon, LD Hala, K Hunt, HD Ewald, SJ Kaufman, J Zoorob, R Briles, WE AF Miller, MM Bacon, LD Hala, K Hunt, HD Ewald, SJ Kaufman, J Zoorob, R Briles, WE TI 2004 Nomenclature for the chicken major histocompatibility (B and Y ) complex SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Review DE major histocompatibility complex; chicken; nomenclature; MHC B.; Rfp-Y ID MHC CLASS-II; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC ANALYSIS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; RFP-Y; MAREKS-DISEASE; NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER; BROILER-CHICKENS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY; MULTIGENIC FAMILIES AB The first standard nomenclature for the chicken (Gallus gallus) major histocompatibility (B) complex published in 1982 describing chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) variability is being revised to include subsequent findings. Considerable progress has been made in identifying the genes that define this polymorphic region. Allelic sequences for MHC genes are accumulating at an increasing rate without a standard system of nomenclature in place. The recommendations presented here were derived in workshops held during International Society of Animal Genetics and Avian Immunology Research Group meetings. A nomenclature for B and Y (Rfp-Y) loci and alleles has been developed that can be applied to existing and newly defined haplotypes including recombinants. A list of the current standard B haplotypes is provided with reference stock, allele designations, and GenBank numbers for corresponding MHC class I and class IIbeta sequences. An updated list of proposed names for B recombinant haplotypes is included, as well as a list of over 17 Y haplotypes designated to date. C1 City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Med Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Newbury RG20 7NN, Berks, England. CNRS, F-94801 Villejuif, France. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Miller, MM (reprint author), City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, 1450 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. EM mamiller@coh.org NR 109 TC 93 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD JUL PY 2004 VL 56 IS 4 BP 261 EP 279 DI 10.1007/s00251-004-0682-1 PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 843YS UT WOS:000223124200005 PM 15257423 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Paape, M Sohn, EJ Garrett, WM AF Talbot, NC Paape, M Sohn, EJ Garrett, WM TI Macrophage population dynamics within fetal mouse fibroblast cultures derived from C57BL/6, CD-1, CF-1 mice and interleukin-6 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor knockout mice SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE cell culture; macrophage; mouse ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; IN-VITRO; GROWTH-FACTOR; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE; FACTOR CSF-1; PROLIFERATION; ESTABLISHMENT; RECEPTOR; BLOOD; LINES AB In vitro models of macrophage growth, differentiation, and function are needed to facilitate the study of their biology as important immune facilitator cells and as frequent targets of bacterial and viral infection. A simple method for the selective expansion and continuous culture of mouse macrophages from primary explant cultures of mouse embryonic tissue is described. Culture in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM) low-glucose (1 g/L) formulation (DMEM/L) inhibited fibroblast growth. In contrast, macrophages continued to proliferate in the presence of DMEM/L when in contact with the fibroblasts. Alternating growth in high-glucose DMEM with DMEM/L produced a 1.16- to 2.1-fold increase (depending on mouse strain) in the percentage of macrophages within the cell culture in comparison with culturing in DMEM with high glucose exclusively. Macrophage yields of over 1 million cells/T12.5 flask were achieved by passages 3-4, and, thereafter, declined over the next 5-10 passages. The peak percentage of macrophages within a culture varied depending on the strain of mouse (C57BL/6, CD-1, and CF-1 and two knockout C57BL/6 strains deficient in either interleukin-6 [IL-6] or granulocyte colony stimulating factor [GCSF]). The CCSF (-/-)-derived cultures had the lowest peak macrophage content (30%) and CD-1 the highest content (64.9%). The IL-6 (-/-) and CD-1 cultures appeared to spontaneously transform to create cell lines (IL6MAC and CDIMAC, respectively) that were composed of 50-75% macrophages. The macrophages were phagocytic and were positive for CD14, acetylated low-density lipoprotein receptors, and F4-80 antigen. Light and electron microscopy showed that the cultured macrophages had in vivo-like morphological features, and they could be plated to high Purity by differential attachment to petri dishes in serum-free medium. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, ANRI,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Lab Biotechnol & Germplasm, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, ANRI,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Lab Immuno & Dis Resistance, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, ANRI,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Lab Biotechnol & Germplasm, Bldg 200,Room 13, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 40 IS 7 BP 196 EP 210 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 889LE UT WOS:000226443700003 PM 15638702 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Arseculeratne, C Liu, ZG Whitmire, J Grusby, MJ Finkelman, FD Darling, TN Cheever, AW Swearengen, J Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Liu, Q Arseculeratne, C Liu, ZG Whitmire, J Grusby, MJ Finkelman, FD Darling, TN Cheever, AW Swearengen, J Urban, JF Gause, WC TI Simultaneous deficiency in CD28 and STAT6 results in chronic ectoparasite-induced inflammatory skin disease SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE PARASITE; TYPE-2 IMMUNE-RESPONSE; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; IN-VIVO; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; CELL-DEVELOPMENT; TRANSGENIC MICE; IFN-GAMMA; IL-4; DEMODEX AB A mouse lacking CD28, a T-cell costimulatory molecule, and STAT6, a transcription factor that mediates interleukin-4 (IL-4) signaling, was developed from parental CD28- and STAT6-deficient mice. STAT6/CD28(-/-) BALB/c mice that were 8 weeks old had a normal phenotype, and IL-4 production was induced following infection with nematode parasites. Unexpectedly, when they were between 4 and 8 months old, all mice examined spontaneously developed severe chronic dermatitis associated with pronounced numbers of Demodex ectoparasites. In addition, pronounced CD4 and CD8 T-cell infiltrates in the dermis and subcutaneous fat, increased serum immunoglobulin G2a levels, and lymphadenopathy associated with increased gamma interferon and IL-12 expression were observed. Single-knockout siblings lacking either CD28 or STAT6 had a phenotype similar to that of BALB/c wild-type controls. To distinguish whether the ectoparasite Demodex or the Th1 immunity was the proximal cause of the inflammatory skin disease, STAT6/CD28-/- mice were treated with a miticide that eliminated the ectoparasites. This treatment markedly reduced the severity of the dermatitis and the associated lymphoid infiltrates. These findings suggest that ubiquitous ectoparasites, which are generally considered to be commensal, may contribute to disease when specific molecules required for an effective Th2 response are blocked. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Lab Anim Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA, Immunol Dis Resistance Lab, Livestock & Poultry Sci Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Biomed Res Inst, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM Wgause@usuhs.mil OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869; Darling, Thomas/0000-0002-5161-1974 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI031678, AI 31678] NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 72 IS 7 BP 3706 EP 3715 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.7.3706-3715.2004 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 832QU UT WOS:000222282800002 PM 15213110 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Bakko, MK Knowles, D Borucki, MK AF Kim, SH Bakko, MK Knowles, D Borucki, MK TI Oral inoculation of A/J mice for detection of invasiveness differences between Listeria monocytogenes epidemic and environmental strains SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INTRAGASTRIC INOCULATION; INFECTION; VIRULENCE; RESISTANT; MODEL; PATE; FOOD AB Four-week-old Harlan A/J mice were orally infected with six epidemic and six environmental strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Epidemic strains were significantly more invasive as a group than were environmental strains (P < 0.05), and the intestines of some mice infected with epidemic strains had extensive hemorrhage. Mice inoculated with epidemic strains were significantly more likely to become systemically infected than mice inoculated with environmental strains (P < 0.01). C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Borucki, MK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mborucki@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 27 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 72 IS 7 BP 4318 EP 4321 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.7.4318-4321.2004 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 832QU UT WOS:000222282800075 PM 15213183 ER PT J AU Chen, J Kyte, C Valcin, M Chan, W Wetmur, JG Selhub, J Hunter, DJ Ma, J AF Chen, J Kyte, C Valcin, M Chan, W Wetmur, JG Selhub, J Hunter, DJ Ma, J TI Polymorphisms in the one-carbon metabolic pathway, plasma folate levels and colorectal cancer in a prospective study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT); methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1); glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII); colorectal cancer; folate; homocysteine (Hcy) ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; GLUTAMATE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-II; DEHYDROGENASE-METHENYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE-CYCLOHYDROLASE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE POLYMORPHISM; TRIFUNCTIONAL ENZYME; FORMYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE SYNTHETASE; SERUM FOLATE; RISK; GENE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB One-carbon (e.g., folate) metabolism plays a pivotal role in the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cSHMT), methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) and glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) are key genes involved in this pathway. Several new polymorphisms have been identified and there is evidence implicating their functionality. We examined whether polymorphisms in these genes, i.e., cSHMT L474F, MTHFD1 R653Q and GCPII H475Y, modify the risk of CRC in the prospective Physicians' Health Study. Among the 270 incident CRC cases and 453 controls, none of the one-carbon polymorphisms were associated with risk of CRC. Compared to the wild-type genotype, the multivariate-adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were 1.14 [0.68, 1.93] for cSHMT 474FF, 1.04 [0.67, 1.62] for MTHFD1 653QQ and 1.00 [0.55, 1.82]for GCPII 474HY. Furthermore, we examined the associations between one-carbon polymorphisms and folate status in terms of plasma folate and homocysteine levels in this population. No independent gene effect was observed. Although compound homozygous variants at cSHMT and MTHFD1 loci had the lowest plasma folate levels compared to other compound genotypes, no significant gene-gene interactions were observed. Findings from our prospective investigation indicate that these newly identified polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolizing genes have limited functionality in modifying folate status and related CRC risk. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Box 1043,1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM jia.chen@mssm.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 42182, CA 87969] NR 24 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 4 BP 617 EP 620 DI 10.1002/ijc.20148 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 823CG UT WOS:000221586700021 PM 15122597 ER PT J AU Lavandero, B Wratten, S Hagler, J Jervis, M AF Lavandero, B Wratten, S Hagler, J Jervis, M TI The need for effective marking and tracking techniques for monitoring the movements of insect predators and parasitoids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE marking; tracking; natural enemy movement ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BENEFICIAL ARTHROPODS; FIELD-MARGIN; NEW-ZEALAND; MANIPULATE POPULATIONS; ISLAND HABITATS; PEST-MANAGEMENT; BEETLE BANKS; DYNAMICS; DISPERSAL AB Predators and parasitoids move through the landscape at a wide range of rates and over a broad range of spatial scales. Understanding the dispersal characteristics of such 'beneficials' is of crucial importance for classical, augmentative, inundative and conservation biological control. It is a key practice, following the release of 'classical' (exotic) and augmentative (indigenous) biological control agents, to assess whether they have become successfully established, and also to what extent the agent has spread from the release points. It is important in conservation biological control to understand the role that natural enemy movements play in the improvement of pest control achieved through the provision of pollen, nectar, shelter and/or alternative prey/hosts. Other aspects of predator and parasitoid movement pertinent to biological control are the role refugia play in influencing, via natural enemy movements, control of pest population numbers. In these areas and others, some form of marking and/or tracking of insect predators and parasitoids is usually required so that movements can be studied. This special issue considers the usefulness and limitations of marking and tracking techniques, through up-to-date reviews written by an international team of researchers who are actively involved in the study of predator and parasitoid ecology. C1 Lincoln Univ, Ctr Adv Bioprotect Technol, Canterbury, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Biosci BIOSI 1, Cardiff CF10 3TL, S Glam, Wales. RP Lavandero, B (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, Ctr Adv Bioprotect Technol, POB 84, Canterbury, New Zealand. EM lavandbl@lincoln.ac.nz RI Jervis, Mark/A-4351-2010; lavandero, blas/A-1340-2012; Wratten, Steve/J-3467-2013 OI Wratten, Steve/0000-0002-5168-8277 NR 52 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1080/09670870410001731853 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 844CX UT WOS:000223136000001 ER PT J AU Prasifka, JR Heinz, KM AF Prasifka, JR Heinz, KM TI The use of C-3 and C-4 plants to study natural enemy movement and ecology, and its application to pest management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE predator; stable isotope; isotope ratio; carbon; Hippodamia convergens; cotton ID STABLE-CARBON ISOTOPES; FOOD WEB ANALYSIS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ORIGINS; RATIOS; DELTA-C-13; PATHWAY; WINTER; DIET AB Plants using either the C-3 or the C-4 photosynthetic pathway show a number of characteristic differences, including distinct ratios of the natural carbon isotopes, C-13 and C-12, in their tissues. The carbon isotope ratios are transferred with little distortion to herbivores feeding on plants of either photosynthetic type; this is also reflected at higher trophic levels. This knowledge has been successfully applied to investigations of the ecology of both vertebrate and invertebrate animals, but there has been little application to pest management. However, with both C-3 and C-4 plants being widely grown, carbon isotopes allow for safe, natural, and efficacious marking of arthropods in many agricultural systems. The rationale for, and a brief synopsis of, the use of carbon isotopes is presented for animal ecology in general, followed by a research framework for using C-3 and C-4 plants to study the movement of predators and parasitoids in multiple-crop systems. Lastly, we present recent examples of entomological research on natural enemy movement using carbon isotope ratios. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Prasifka, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab,Insectary, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prasifka@iastate.edu NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1080/09670870410001731907 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 844CX UT WOS:000223136000006 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR Naranjo, SE AF Hagler, JR Naranjo, SE TI A multiple ELISA system for simultaneously monitoring intercrop movement and feeding activity of mass-released insect predators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hippodamia convergens; Bemisia argentifolii; augmentative biological control; dispersal; mark-release-recapture; quality control assessment; predation; gut content analysis ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; PREDACEOUS COCCINELLIDAE; HIPPODAMIA-CONVERGENS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SAMPLING PLANS; PINK-BOLLWORM; LADY BEETLE; HEMIPTERA; COTTON AB We combined two protein-marking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with a predator gut content ELISA to monitor the movement and feeding activity of commercially-purchased Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under realistic field conditions during two field seasons in central Arizona. The protein-marking ELISAs were used to differentiate released H. convergens from the native beetles. Commercially purchased beetles marked with rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) were released into cotton fields and chicken IgG marked beetles were released into adjacent cantaloupe fields. Results showed that the total native beetle abundance in each crop was about the same size. The recovery rates after 15 days for the released beetles were less than 1.0% over all the releases, indicating that they dispersed readily from the release site. Of the recaptured beetles containing rabbit IgG (cotton), 82.2% were recovered in cotton and 11.8% moved to cantaloupe. Of those containing chicken IgG (cantaloupe), 66.5% were recovered in cantaloupe and 33.5% moved to cotton. A predator gut content ELISA was used to determine if there were differences in the frequency of predation of released versus indigenous H. convergens on the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). The proportion of beetles containing whitefly antigens was always higher for the released beetles than for their native counterparts. Our results demonstrate an approach to combine protein marking and predator gut content ELISAs that allows the simultaneous comparison of feeding and intercrop movement of native and commercially-obtained biological control agents. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jhagler@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1080/09670870410001731934 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 844CX UT WOS:000223136000009 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR AF Hagler, JR TI Optimizing a protein-specific ELISA for the detection of protein-marked insects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE protein-marking; biological control; mark-release-recapture; dispersal; Hippodamia convergens ID PARASITOIDS AB A series of tests were conducted to determine if the sensitivity and efficiency of an established rabbit immunoglobulin (IgG)-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) could be improved for detecting a protein mark on insects. Five variations of ELISA were examined for their ability to detect a rabbit IgG mark on the convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville. The conventional sandwich ELISA was the most sensitive immunoassay based on the strength of the ELISA reaction and the proportion of individuals scoring positive for rabbit IgG. ELISAs were also conducted on rabbit IgG-marked beetles that were either homogenized or soaked in sample buffer prior to the assay. Results showed that homogenized beetles yielded higher ELISA values in the conventional ELISA than soaked beetles, but the qualitative response (i.e., percentage scoring positive for the mark) was about the same for up to 18 days after marking. Therefore, in some instances, simply soaking an individual beetle might be a viable alternative to the labour-intensive homogenization of the sample. Sandwich ELISAs with immunoreagent incubation intervals held constant at 5, 10, 20, or 60 min were also examined for their ability to detect rabbit-IgG-marked beetles. Results showed that the ELISA with immunoreagent incubations of 60 min yielded a significantly higher ELISA reading than the shorter intervals. However, all the marked beetles examined scored positive for the presence of rabbit IgG, regardless of the incubation interval. Finally, a test was conducted to determine if the conventional ELISA could also detect the presence of relatively inexpensive normal rabbit serum on marked beetles. Beetles marked with rabbit serum diluted one part rabbit serum to one, four, or eight parts water yielded statistically similar ELISA values to those beetles marked with the conventional rabbit IgG mark. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jhagler@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1080/09670870410001731943 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 844CX UT WOS:000223136000010 ER PT J AU Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY Van de Griend, A Eagleman, JR AF Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY Van de Griend, A Eagleman, JR TI Skylab L-band microwave radiometer observations of soil moisture revisited SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; VEGETATION; RETRIEVAL; GHZ AB In preparing for future L-band passive microwave soil moisture satellite missions, investigators have employed ground, aircraft and satellite sensors. Of the satellite sensors, there has been only one instrument that provides any heritage at L-band: the Skylab S-194 instrument that operated in the 1970s. Here a dataset from the S-194 was located and recovered. Data from these Skylab missions have been analysed and reported in a few applications, however, these studies utilized limited validation and exploited only a portion of the data collected. In this investigation we explored the use of products from climate model reanalysis projects as ancillary or alternative validation data. Analyses showed that the reanalysis outputs were not accurate and would be of limited value. Tests using a radiative transfer based soil moisture retrieval algorithm matched the observations available for validation. These results support the use of this approach as a tool in understanding a wider range of vegetation condition effects on soil moisture retrieval. C1 ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Hydrol & Hydrogeol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, 104 Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 IS 13 BP 2585 EP 2606 DI 10.1080/01431160310001647723 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 826XP UT WOS:000221863100008 ER PT J AU Chopping, MJ Su, LH Rango, A Maxwell, C AF Chopping, MJ Su, LH Rango, A Maxwell, C TI Modelling the reflectance anisotropy of Chihuahuan Desert grass-shrub transition canopy-soil complexes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; SURFACE; DESERTIFICATION; LANDSCAPE; INDEX; COVER; RANGE AB The goal of the research presented here is to assess the factors controlling the remotely sensed signal returned in the solar wavelengths from Chihuahuan Desert grass-shrub transition canopy-soil complexes. The specific objectives were twofold: to evaluate the importance of the different elements (overstorey, understorey, soil) in the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of a Chihuahuan Desert grass-shrub transition zone; and to explore the behaviour of simple parametric and explicit scattering models with respect to observations. The first objective was approached by simulations using the Radiosity Graphics Method (RGM), with surface parameters provided by measurements of plant locations and dimensions obtained over two contrasting 25 m(2) plots. The second was approached through simulations of bidirectional reflectance factors (BRFs) by both the RGM and a Simplified Geometric Model (SGM) developed for inversion purposes. The modelled BRFs were assessed against multi-angle observations (MAO) - samples of the BRDF at a wavelength of 650 nm acquired from the air at up to six view zenith angles and three solar zenith angles. The results show that the understorey of small forbs and sub-shrubs plays an important role in determining the brightness and reflectance anisotropy of grass-shrub transition landscapes in relation to that of larger shrubs such as mesquite and ephedra. This is owing to the potentially high density of these plants and to the fact that there is also a varying proportion of black grama grass and prone grass litter associated with snakeweed abundance. Both of these components darken the scene. The SGM performed well measured against both the RGM and the MAO at the MAO acquisition angles (R-2 of 0.98 and 0.92, respectively) and good correlations were obtained between RGM and SGM when modelling was performed at a wider range of angular configurations (R-2 approximate to 0.90). The SGM was shown to be highly sensitive to its adjustable parameters. Both models underestimated BRF magnitude with respect to the MAO by a small amount (<6%), showing increasing divergence from the backscattering into the forward-scattering direction. A remaining problem for operational model inversions using MAO is the a priori estimation of understorey and grass abundance. C1 Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Res Ctr Remote Sensing, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Chopping, MJ (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM choppingm@mail.montclair.edu NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2725 EP 2745 DI 10.1080/01431160310001618437 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 828UU UT WOS:000221999600006 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Gundersen-Rindal, DE Davis, RE Bottner, KD Marcone, C Seemuller, E AF Lee, IM Gundersen-Rindal, DE Davis, RE Bottner, KD Marcone, C Seemuller, E TI 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris', a novel phytoplasma taxon associated with aster yellows and related diseases SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; PROTEIN GENE-SEQUENCES; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; GENOMIC DIVERSITY; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; DNA AB Aster yellows (AY) group (16Srl) phytoplasmas are associated with over 100 economically important diseases worldwide and represent the most diverse and widespread phytoplasma group. Strains that belong to the AY group form a phylogenetically discrete subclade within the phytoplasma clade and are related most closely to the stolbur phytoplasma subclade, based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. AY subclade strains are related more closely to their culturable relatives, Acholeplasma spp., than any other phytoplasmas known. Within the AY subclade, six distinct phylogenetic lineages were revealed. Congruent phylogenies obtained by analyses of tuf gene and ribosomal protein (r(p)) operon gene sequences further resolved the diversity among AY group phytoplasmas. Distinct phylogenetic; lineages were identified by RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA, tuf or rp gene sequences. Ten subgroups were differentiated, based on analysis of rp gene sequences. It is proposed that AY group phytoplasmas represent at least one novel taxon. Strain OAY, which is a member of subgroups 16Srl-B, rpl-B and tufl-B and is associated with evening primrose (Oenothera hookeri) virescence in Michigan, USA, was selected as the reference strain for the novel taxon 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'. A comprehensive database of diverse AY phytoplasma. strains and their geographical distribution is presented. C1 USDA, ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Basilicata, Dept Biol Difesa & Biotecnol Agro Forestali, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Biol Bundesanstalt, Inst Pflanzenschutz Obstbau, D-69221 Dossenheim, Germany. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 75 TC 170 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 54 BP 1037 EP 1048 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02843-0 PN 4 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 844IO UT WOS:000223151800005 PM 15280267 ER PT J AU Firrao, G Andersen, M Bertaccini, A Boudon, E Bove, JM Daire, X Davis, RE Fletcher, J Garnier, M Gibb, KS Gundersen-Rindal, DE Harrison, N Hiruki, C Kirkpatrick, BC Jones, P Kuske, CR Lee, IM Liefting, L Marcone, C Namba, S Schneider, B Sears, BB Seemuller, E Smart, CD Streten, C Wang, K AF Firrao, G Andersen, M Bertaccini, A Boudon, E Bove, JM Daire, X Davis, RE Fletcher, J Garnier, M Gibb, KS Gundersen-Rindal, DE Harrison, N Hiruki, C Kirkpatrick, BC Jones, P Kuske, CR Lee, IM Liefting, L Marcone, C Namba, S Schneider, B Sears, BB Seemuller, E Smart, CD Streten, C Wang, K CA IRPCM Phytoplasma Spiroplasma Work TI 'Candidcatus Phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PATHOGENIC MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; WITCHES-BROOM-DISEASE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WESTERN X-DISEASE; CLONED DNA PROBES; ASTER YELLOWS; PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AB The trivial name 'phytoplasma' has been adopted to collectively name wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects, which were formerly known as mycoplasma-like organisms. Although phytoplasmas have not yet been cultivated in vitro, phylogenetic analyses based on various conserved genes have shown that they represent a distinct, monophyletic clade within the class Mollicutes. It is proposed here to accommodate phytoplasmas within the novel genus 'Candidatus (Ca.) Phytoplasma'. Given the diversity within 'Ca. Phytoplasma', several subtaxa are needed to accommodate organisms that share < 97-5% similarity among their 16S rRNA gene sequences. This report describes the properties of 'Ca. Phytoplasma', a taxon that includes the species 'Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia' (the prokaryote associated with witches'-broom disease of small-fruited acid lime), 'Ca. Phytoplasma australiense' (associated with Australian grapevine yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma fraxini' (associated with ash yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma japonicum' (associated with Japanese hydrangea phyllody), 'Ca. Phytoplasma brasiliense' (associated with hibiscus witches'-broom in Brazil), 'Ca. Phytoplasma castaneae' (associated with chestnut witches'-broom in Korea), 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' (associated with aster yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma mali' (associated with apple proliferation), 'Ca. Phytoplasma phoenicium' (associated with almond lethal disease), 'Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii' (associated with clover proliferation), 'Ca. Phytoplasma cynodontis' (associated with Bermuda grass white leaf), 'Ca. Phytoplasma ziziphi' (associated with jujube witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma oryzae' (associated with rice yellow dwarf) and six species-level taxa for which the Candidatus species designation has not yet been formally proposed (for the phytoplasmas associated with X-disease of peach, grapevine flavescence doree, Central American coconut lethal yellows, Tanzanian lethal decline of coconut, Nigerian lethal decline of coconut and loofah witches'-broom, respectively). Additional species are needed to accommodate organisms that, despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being >97.5% similar to those of other 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species, are characterized by distinctive biological, phytopathological and genetic properties. These include 'Ca. Phytoplasma pyri' (associated with pear decline), 'Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum' (associated with European stone fruit yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma spartii' (associated with spartium witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma rhamni' (associated with buckthorn witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma allocasuarinae' (associated with allocasuarina yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi' (associated with elm yellows) and an additional taxon for the stolbur phytoplasma. Conversely, some organisms, despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being < 97-5% similar to that of any other 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species, are not presently described as Candidatus species, due to their poor overall characterization. C1 Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. HortRes, Auckland, New Zealand. Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. INRA, F-21034 Dijon, France. Univ Bordeaux 2, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. INRA, IBVM, Villenave Dornon, France. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. INRA, Villenave Dornon, France. Charles Darwin Univ, Darwin, NT, Australia. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Rothamsted Res, Harpenden, Herts, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Biol Bundesanstalt, Dossenheim, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY USA. RP Firrao, G (reprint author), Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. EM firrao@uniud.it RI Streten, Claire/J-5268-2012 OI Streten, Claire/0000-0003-2803-1995 NR 96 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 EI 1466-5034 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 54 BP 1243 EP 1255 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02854-0 PN 4 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 844IO UT WOS:000223151800037 ER PT J AU Zitouni, A Lamari, L Boudjella, H Badji, B Sabaou, N Gaouar, A Mathieu, F Lebrihi, A Labeda, DP AF Zitouni, A Lamari, L Boudjella, H Badji, B Sabaou, N Gaouar, A Mathieu, F Lebrihi, A Labeda, DP TI Saccharothrix algeriensis sp nov., isolated from Saharan soil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOCARDIA; BACTERIA; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLASSIFICATION; STREPTOMYCES; PROPOSAL; TAXONOMY; RATES AB The taxonomic position of a soil isolate, strain SA 233(T), recovered from Saharan soil from Algeria was established using a polyphasic approach. This isolate has been previously reported to produce three novel dithiolopyrrolone antibiotics, and preliminary chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics suggested that it was representative of a member of the genus Saccharothrix. Phylogenetic analysis of the strain from 16S rDNA sequences, along with a detailed analysis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and physiological characteristics, indicates that it belongs to the genus Saccharothrix and represents a novel species that is readily distinguished from all recognized Saccharothrix species. The name Saccharothrix algeriensis sp. nov. is proposed for the isolate, with type strain SA 233 (T) (=NRRL B-24137(T) = DSM 4458 1 (T)). C1 Ecole Natl Super Agron Toulouse, INPT, Lab Genie Chim, UMR 5503,CNRS INPT UPS, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. Ecole Normale Super, Lab Rech Prod Bioact & Valorisat Biomasse, Algiers, Algeria. Ctr Res Sci & Tech Reg Arides, Biskra 07000, Algeria. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Micribial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sabaou, N (reprint author), Ecole Natl Super Agron Toulouse, INPT, Lab Genie Chim, UMR 5503,CNRS INPT UPS, 1 Ave Agrobiopole,BP 107, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. EM sabaou@yahoo.fr NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 54 BP 1377 EP 1381 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02679-0 PN 4 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 844IO UT WOS:000223151800055 PM 15280317 ER PT J AU Hirst, HL Garry, FB Morley, PS Salman, MD Dinsmore, RP Wagner, BA McSweeney, KD Goodell, GM AF Hirst, HL Garry, FB Morley, PS Salman, MD Dinsmore, RP Wagner, BA McSweeney, KD Goodell, GM TI Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection among dairy cows in Colorado and herd-level risk factors for seropositivity SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; ECONOMIC-LOSSES; CATTLE; PREVALENCE AB Objective-To estimate seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) infection among adult dairy cows in Colorado and determine herd-level factors associated with the risk that individual cows would be seropositive. Design-Cross-sectional observational study. Animals-10,280 adult (greater than or equal to 2 years old) dairy cows in 15 herds in Colorado. Procedure-Serum samples were tested with a commercial ELISA. A herd was considered to be infected with MAP if results of mycobacterial culture of greater than or equal to 1 individual cow fecal sample were positive or if greater than or equal to 1 culled cow had histologic evidence of MAP infection. Results-424 of the 10,280 (4.12%) cows were seropositive. Within-herd prevalence of seropositive cows ranged from 0% to 7.82% (mean, 2.6%). Infection was confirmed in 11 dairies. Cows in herds that had imported greater than or equal to8% of their current herd size annually during the preceding 5 years were 3.28 times as likely to be seropositive as were cows in herds that imported < 8%. Cows in herds with greater than or equal to 600 lactating cows were 3.12 times as likely to be seropositive as were cows in herds with < 600 lactating cows. Cows in herds with a history of clinical signs of MAP infection were 2.27 times as likely to be seropositive as were cows in herds without clinical signs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Annual importation rate, herd size, and whether cows in the herd had clinical signs typical of MAP infection were associated with the risk that individual cows would be seropositive for MAP infection. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Dairy Author LLC, Greeley, CO 80631 USA. RP Hirst, HL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 225 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.2460/javma.2004.225.97 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 832PD UT WOS:000222278500040 PM 15239481 ER PT J AU Lima, IM Marshall, WE Wartelle, IYH AF Lima, IM Marshall, WE Wartelle, IYH TI Hardware-based granular activated carbon for metals remediation SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORIC-ACID ACTIVATION; ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES; ESTIMATED COST; ALMOND SHELLS; NUTSHELLS AB Hardwood waste such as oak chips is an abundant, high-carbon content by-product with little value other than for burning as fuel. This study optimizes conditions for the production of granular activated carbon, which has excellent metal ion adsorption properties, using oak chips as a source material. Oak chips were dehydrated with 30% phosphoric acid at 170degreesC and activated at 400-500degreesC in the presence of breathing air. Metal ion (Cu2+) adsorption capacities for two representative hardwood-based carbons were 1.1-1.2 mmol Cu2+ adsorbed/g of carbon. Surface areas of the two carbons were 656 and 730 m(2)/g, respectively, and surface charges were 3.44 and 4.16 mmol H+ eq/g, respectively. These carbons were compared with several commercial metal-ion-adsorbing materials to determine their efficacy relative to the commercial samples. The comparative studies indicated that oak chip carbons had higher metal ion adsorption capacities than all of the commercial samples except for the materials containing carbon/cation exchange resin mixtures. C1 USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lima, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM imlima@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 96 IS 7 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 839UZ UT WOS:000222811700018 ER PT J AU Leland, JE Snodgrass, GL AF Leland, JE Snodgrass, GL TI Prevalence of naturally occurring Beauveria bassiana in Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera : Miridae) populations from wild host plants of Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Lygus lineolaris; Hyphomycetes; Moniliales; Heteroptera; Miridae; Entomopathogenic fungi; tarnished plant bug; microbial control ID BUG HEMIPTERA; FIELDS AB Surveys of natural Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) infection levels in tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), populations from wild host plants in Mississippi were conducted. Populations of L. lineolaris were sampled from nine dominant wild host plants by sweep net and held for sporulation as evidence of infection with B. bassiana. Infection rates from L. lineolaris populations on wild host plants ranged from 0% to 8% and averaged 0.3%. Incidence of L. lineolaris infection was not correlated with Julian date but was inversely correlated with L. lineolaris population density. The highest incidence of natural infection was found in populations from goldenrod, Solidago altissima (L.) and natural infection among populations from all other wild host plants were similar. Despite the low incidence of natural infection, 23 new isolates of B. bassiana from L. lineolaris were discovered, which will be evaluated for characteristics relevant to developing a microbial biocontrol strategy for L. lineolaris. Natural infection levels will be useful when evaluating the efficacy of B. bassiana in field trials targeting these populations and evaluating potential for displacement of naturally-occurring B. bassiana isolates. C1 USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Leland, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 157 EP 163 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 954NL UT WOS:000231161700004 ER PT J AU Porch, TG Dickson, MH Long, MC Viands, DR Jahn, M AF Porch, TG Dickson, MH Long, MC Viands, DR Jahn, M TI General combining ability effects for reproductive heat tolerance in snap bean SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; STRESS; ABSCISSION; GENETICS C1 USDA, ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Porch, TG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2004 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 965ZW UT WOS:000231990400007 ER PT J AU Martinez, GE Koch, RM Cundiff, LV Gregory, KE Van Vleck, LD AF Martinez, GE Koch, RM Cundiff, LV Gregory, KE Van Vleck, LD TI Number of calves born, number of calves weaned, and cumulative weaning weight as measures of lifetime production for Hereford cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; longevity; selection ID BEEF-CATTLE; YEARLING WEIGHT; CROSSBRED COWS; MUSCLE SCORE; ANGUS; SELECTION; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; SHORTHORN; LONGEVITY AB Genetic parameters for lifetime production for cows with the opportunity to produce from 2 through 7 yr of age, as measured by the number of calves born (NB2,..., NB7), the number of calves weaned (NW2,..., NW7), and cumulative weaning weight (CW2,..., CW7), were estimated using data from 3,064 Hereford cows from a selection experiment with a control line (CTL) and three lines selected for weaning weight (WWL), yearling weight (YWL), and an index of yearling weight and muscle score (IXL). Weaning weights were adjusted to 200 d of age and for sex and age of dam. Estimates of heritability and genetic and environmental correlations were obtained by restricted maximum likelihood with bivariate animal models, with year of birth of the cow as a fixed effect and direct genetic and residual as random effects. Genetic trends were estimated by regressing means of estimated breeding values by year of birth and line on birth year. Estimates of heritability (SE) for opportunity groups of 2 to 7 yr of age ranged from 0.08 (0.03) to 0.16 (0.05) for NB; from 0.05 (0.02) to 0.16 (0.05) for NW; and from 0.06 (0.02) to 0.16 (0.05) for CW. Estimates of genetic correlations (SE) among NB traits ranged from 0.60 (0.14) to 1.00 (0.00), and estimates of environmental correlations (SE) ranged from 0.67 (0.02) to 0.99 (0.00). For NW, estimates of genetic and environmental correlations ranged from 0.98 (0.11) to 1.00 (0.00) and from 0.65 (0.02) to 0.99 (0.00), respectively. Estimates of genetic correlations (SE) among CW traits ranged from 0.94 (0.08) to 1.00 (0.00). Estimates of environmental correlations (SE) ranged from 0.66 (0.02) to 0.99 (0.00). Estimates of genetic correlations for NB2 with all definitions of NW ranged from 0.47 (0.18) to 0.71 (0.12), and with all definitions of CW ranged from 0.55 (0.16) to 0.80 (0.11). Estimates of genetic correlations between NW2 and all definitions for CW ranged from 0.95 (0.02) to 0.99 (0.06). Estimates of annual genetic (SE) change were negligible for NB2, NB6, NW2, and NW6 for all lines. Estimates of annual genetic (SE) change for CW2 were 0.85 (0.11), 0.79 (0.14), 0.51 (0.10), and 0.52 (0.18) kg/yr, and for CW6 were 5.01 (1.25), 2.64 (1.75), 3.67 (1.16), and 3.33 (2.37) kg/yr for WWL, YWL, M, and CTL, respectively. Selection for lifetime production as measured by NB, NW, or CW could be effective but would be relatively slow due to low estimates of heritability and to increased generation intervals. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, A218 Anim Sci, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1903 EP 1911 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 833DV UT WOS:000222317500002 PM 15309935 ER PT J AU Martinez, GE Koch, RM Cundiff, LV Gregory, KE Van Vleck, LD AF Martinez, GE Koch, RM Cundiff, LV Gregory, KE Van Vleck, LD TI Genetic parameters for six measures of length of productive life and three measures of lifetime production by 6 yr after first calving for Hereford cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; longevity; selection ID BEEF-CATTLE HERD; YEARLING WEIGHT; MUSCLE SCORE; SELECTION; STAYABILITY; LONGEVITY; TRAITS; ANGUS AB Genetic parameters for length of productive life given the opportunity (LPL\O), measured as days between first calving and disposal conditioned on one of six opportunity groups, L1 through L6 (e.g., L2 is length of productive life in days given the opportunity to live 2 yr after first calving), and lifetime production (LP), measured as the number of calves born (NB), number of calves weaned (NW), and cumulative weaning weight (CW) by 6 yr after first calving, were estimated using records of 1,886 Hereford cows from a selection experiment with three selected lines and a control line. Weaning weights were adjusted to 200 d of age and for sex and age of dam. Estimates of heritability and genetic and environmental correlations were obtained by restricted maximum likelihood with bivariate animal models, with year of birth of cow as a fixed effect and direct genetic and residual as random effects. Genetic trends were estimated by regressing means of estimated breeding values by year of birth and line on birth year. Estimates of heritability (SE) for LPL\ ranged from 0.05 (0.01) to 0.15 (0.03). Estimates of genetic correlations (SE) among LPL\O ranged from 0.74 (0.14) to 1.00 (0.00), and estimates of environmental correlations ranged from 0.67 (0.05) to 0.98 (0.01). Estimates of heritability (SE) for NB, NW, and CW were 0.17 (0.05), 0.21 (0.06), and 0.18 (0.01). Estimates of genetic correlations (SE) among NB, NW, and CW ranged from 0.96 (0.02) to 0.99 (0.01). Estimates of environmental correlations (SE) ranged from 0.93 (0.01) to 0.99 (0.01). Estimates of genetic correlations for L6 with NB, NW, and CW were near 1.00 (0.09). Estimates of environmental correlations (SE) ranged from 0.57 (0.03) to 0.60 (0.03). Estimates of genetic change per year (SE) for L6 were low for all lines and ranged from -3.53 (2.09) to 4.63 (2.11) d/yr. Genetic trends for NB and NW were negligible for all lines. Genetic trends for CW were low and ranged from -2.81 (1.67) to 3.29 (1.76) kg/yr. Differences in genetic trends between selected lines and control were not significant (P > 0.05). Estimates of environmental trends (SE) over all lines were -104.00 (25.48) d/yr, -0.26 (0.02) calves/yr, -0.25 (0.02) calves/yr, and -55.10 (15.63) kg/yr, for L6, NB, NW, and CW, respectively. Selection for LPL\O or LP could be successful in a breeding program, but may be relatively slow due to the low magnitude of heritability and extended generation interval. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, A218 Anim Sci, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 19 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1912 EP 1918 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 833DV UT WOS:000222317500003 PM 15309936 ER PT J AU Salfen, BE Carroll, JA Keisler, DH Strauch, TA AF Salfen, BE Carroll, JA Keisler, DH Strauch, TA TI Effects of exogenous ghrelin on feed intake, weight gain, behavior, and endocrine responses in weanling pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE appetite; feed intake; ghrelin; pigs; weaning ID STIMULATES INSULIN-SECRETION; GROWTH-HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE; YOUNG-PIGS; GH RELEASE; HUMANS; RATS; PITUITARY; PEPTIDE; STOMACH; PERFORMANCE AB The objectives were to determine relative ADG, ADFI, behavior, and endocrine responses in weaned pigs receiving exogenous ghrelin. Twenty-four barrows weaned at 18 d of age (d 0 of the experiment) were catheterized via the jugular vein, weighed, and assigned to either a ghrelin (n = 12) or saline (control; n = 12) infusion group. Initial pig BW did not differ between treatments (7.87 +/- 0.39 vs. 7.92 +/- 0.35 kg for ghrelin and control treatments, respectively). Pig BW and feed intakes were measured once daily throughout the experiment. Starting on d 1, the ghrelin pigs were intravenously infused three times daily for 5 d with 2 mug/kg BW of human ghrelin, and the control pigs were similarly infused with saline. Activity observations and blood samples were taken at -15, 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 240, and 480 min relative to the first infusion and then three times daily (0800, 1600, and 2400) for 8 d. Weight gain during the 5-d infusion period was greater by the ghrelin than by control pigs (0.57 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.13 kg, respectively; P < 0. 04); however, there was no increase in feed intake. During two behavioral observation periods, more pigs in the ghrelin treatment were observed eating compared with control pigs (P < 0.05). The initial infusion of exogenous ghrelin increased serum ghrelin, GH, insulin, and cortisol concentrations (P < 0.05). Endogenous serum ghrelin increased from d 1 to 8 of the experiment in control animals (P < 0.05). Serum IGF-I initially fell in both treatment groups from d 1 to 2 (P < 0.05) but then increased from d 5 to 8 (P < 0.05). Peripheral concentrations of glucose in the ghrelin pigs were greater on d 2, 3, 7, and 8 than on d 1 (P < 0.05). In both treatment groups, peripheral concentrations of leptin increased from d 7 to 8, and cortisol decreased from d 1 to 5 of the experiment. These observations provide evidence that ghrelin may positively influence weight gain and concomitantly increase GH, insulin, and cortisol secretion in weaned pigs. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, 114 Anim Sci Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM carrollja@missouri.edu RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 45 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1957 EP 1966 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 833DV UT WOS:000222317500009 PM 15309942 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JL Blanton, JR Horst, RL Galyean, ML Morrow, KJ Wester, DB Miller, MF AF Montgomery, JL Blanton, JR Horst, RL Galyean, ML Morrow, KJ Wester, DB Miller, MF TI Effects of biological type of beef steers on vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus status SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; breeds; calcium; phosphorus; vitamin D ID CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; DAIRY-COW; CATTLE; TENDERNESS; METABOLISM; BRAHMAN; SYSTEM; ANGUS; TENDERIZATION AB Feedlot steers (n = 36) from three biological types (Bos indicus, Bos taurus-Continental, and Bos taurus-English) were used to determine the Ca, P, and vitamin D-3 status of feedlot cattle. The USDA yield and quality grade traits were measured at slaughter, and the concentrations of vitamin D-3 (VITD) and the metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25-OH D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25-(OH)(2) D) were determined in LM, liver, kidney, and plasma. Plasma and muscle Ca and P concentrations also were determined. Biological type of cattle affected a number of carcass traits. Carcasses from Bos taurus-English cattle had more marbling, resulting in higher quality grades (P < 0.05). Carcasses from Bos taurus-Continental cattle had lower calculated yield grades (P < 0.05) than did carcasses from cattle in the other biological types. In general, differences in carcass traits resulting from biological type were consistent with other reports. Plasma and LM Ca and P concentrations were not affected (P = 0.06) by biological type of cattle, indicating that Ca and P homeostasis is a conserved trait across the different types of cattle. Plasma VITD and 25-OH D concentrations were not affected (P = 0.41) by biological type, whereas plasma 1,25-(OH)2 D concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in Bos taurus-English cattle than in Bos taurus-Continental and Bos indicus cattle. Liver VITD and 25-OH D were not affected by biological type (P = 0.76), but liver 1,25-(OH)(2) D concentration was greater (P < 0.05) in Bos indicus cattle than in Bos taurus-Continental cattle. Kidney vitamin D metabolite concentrations were not affected by biological type of cattle (P = 0.21). Muscle VITD concentration was greater (P < 0.05) in Bos taurus-English cattle than in the other two biological types, and muscle 25-OH D concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in Bos taurus-English cattle than in Bos indicus cattle. Muscle 1,25-(OH)2 D concentration was less (P < 0.05) in the Bos taurus-Continental cattle than in the other two biological types. Cooking eliminated vitamin D metabolite differences among the biological types. Our results suggest that Bos indicus cattle had greater 1,25-(OH)2 D (the biologically active form) in tissues, and greater 1,25-(OH)2 D plasma concentrations than Bos taurus cattle. Thus, the need for VITD supplementation and optimal levels of Ca and P in feedlot diets might differ between Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Miller, MF (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Box 42162, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM mfmrraider@aol.com NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 82 IS 7 BP 2043 EP 2049 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 833DV UT WOS:000222317500018 PM 15309951 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JL Galyean, ML Horst, RL Morrow, KJ Blanton, JR Wester, DB Miller, MF AF Montgomery, JL Galyean, ML Horst, RL Morrow, KJ Blanton, JR Wester, DB Miller, MF TI Supplemental vitamin D-3 concentration and biological type of beef steers. I. Feedlot performance and carcass traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; calcium; fattening performance; phosphorus; vitamin D ID DAIRY-COWS; DIETARY CALCIUM; TENDERNESS; TOXICITY; PLASMA; 1-ALPHA-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; PHOSPHORUS; MILK AB Because of the Ca dependency of the calpains, oral supplementation of vitamin D-3 (VITD) can increase the Ca content of muscle to activate the calpains and improve tenderness. Feedlot steers (n = 142) were arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement consisting of four levels of VITD (0, 0.5, 1, and 5 million IU/[steer(.)d]) for eight consecutive days antemortem using three biological types (Bos indicus, Bos taurus-Continental, and Bos taurus-English). Feedlot performance factors of ADG, DMI, and G:F were measured, and carcass quality, yield, and color data were collected. Plasma Ca and P concentrations were measured during d 4 to 6 of supplementation and at exsanguination, and carcass pH and temperature were measured in the LM at 3 and 24 h postmortem. Vitamin D-3 treatment at 5 million IU/(steer(.)d) decreased ADG (P < 0.05) over the supplementation and feed intake for the last 2 d of feeding compared with untreated control steers. Like- wise, G:F was decreased (P = 0.03) in steers supplemented with 5 million IU/d compared with controls. Overall, there was a linear decrease (P < 0.01) in ADG and G:F as a result of VITD supplementation. Plasma concentrations of Ca and P were increased (P < 0.05) by VITD concentrations of 1 and 5 million IU/(steer-d). All VITD treatments increased (P < 0.05) LM temperature at 3 h postmortem and pH at 24 h postmortem. Vitamin D-3 treatments did not affect (P = 0.07) any other carcass measurements, including USDA yield and quality grade; thus, any improvements in meat tenderness as a result of VITD supplementation can be made without adversely affecting economically important carcass factors. Biological type of cattle did not interact with VITD treatment for any carcass or feedlot performance trait. Although feeding 5 million IU/(steer-d) of VITD for eight consecutive days had negative effects on performance, supplementing VITD at 0.5 million IU/ (steer-d) did not significantly alter feedlot performance. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Miller, MF (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Box 42162, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM mfmrraider@aol.com NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 82 IS 7 BP 2050 EP 2058 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 833DV UT WOS:000222317500019 PM 15309952 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JL King, MB Gentry, JG Barham, AR Barham, BL Hilton, GG Blanton, JR Horst, RL Galyean, ML Morrow, KJ Wester, DB Miller, MF AF Montgomery, JL King, MB Gentry, JG Barham, AR Barham, BL Hilton, GG Blanton, JR Horst, RL Galyean, ML Morrow, KJ Wester, DB Miller, MF TI Supplemental vitamin D-3 concentration and biological type of steers. II. Tenderness, quality, and residues of beef SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; biological-type; residues; tenderness; vitamin D ID POSTMORTEM INJECTION TIME; CONSUMER RETAIL BEEF; CALCIUM-CHLORIDE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BOVINE MUSCLE; CA-2+-DEPENDENT PROTEASES; OVINE CARCASSES; MU-CALPAIN; DAIRY-COWS; TENDERIZATION AB Vitamin D-3 was orally supplemented to determine the supplemental dose that improved beef tenderness in different cattle breed types. Feed lot steers (n = 142) were arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement consisting of four levels of supplemental vitamin D-3 (0, 0.5, 1, and 5 million IU/steer daily) administered for eight consecutive days antemortem using three biological types (Bos indicus, Bos Taurus-Continental, and Bos Taurus-English). Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) was measured at 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 d postmortem, and trained sensory analysis was conducted at 7 d postmortem on LM, semimembranosus, gluteus medius, and supraspinatus steaks. Concentrations of vitamin D-3 and the metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 were determined in the LM, liver, kidney, and plasma. Biological type of cattle did not interact (P > 0.10) with vitamin D-3 supplementation for sensory or tenderness traits, suggesting that feeding vitamin D-3 for 8 d before slaughter affected the different biological types of cattle similarly. Supplementing steers with 0.5, 1, or 5 million IU/(steer(d) decreased (P < 0.05) LM WBSF at 7, 10, 14, and 21 d postmortem compared with controls, and vitamin D-3 treatments of 0.5, 1, and 5 million IU decreased (P < 0.05) semimembranosus WBSF at 3, 7, and 14 d postmortem. In general, vitamin D-3-induced improvements in WBSF were most consistent and intense in LM steaks. Sensory panel tenderness was improved (P < 0.05) by all vitamin D-3 treatments in LM steaks. Sensory traits of juiciness, flavor, connective tissue, and off-flavor were not (P > 0.05) affected by vitamin D3 treatments. All vitamin D-3 treatments decreased mu-calpain activity and increased muscle Ca concentrations (P < 0.05). Vitamin D-3 concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) by supplementation in all tissues tested (liver, kidney, LM, and plasma); however, cooking steaks to 71degreesC decreased (P < 0.05) treatment residue effects. The vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 was increased (P < 0.05) only in plasma samples as a result of the vitamin D-3 treatments. These results indicate that supplementation with vitamin D-3 at 0.5 million IU/steer daily for eight consecutive days before slaughter improved tenderness in steaks from different subprimal cuts by affecting muscle Ca concentrations, R-calpain activities, and muscle proteolysis, with only a small effect on tissue residues of vitamin D-3. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Sch Agribusiness & Agrisci, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. Angelo State Univ, Dept Agr, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Miller, MF (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Box 42162, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM mfmrraider@aol.com NR 70 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 82 IS 7 BP 2092 EP 2104 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 833DV UT WOS:000222317500024 PM 15309957 ER PT J AU Turner, C King, JW McKeon, T AF Turner, C King, JW McKeon, T TI Selected uses of enzymes with critical fluids in analytical chemistry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIPASE-CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION; CANDIDA-ANTARCTICA LIPASE; PACKED-BED REACTOR; IMMOBILIZED LIPASE; ENZYMATIC-REACTION; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; FATTY-ACID; KINETIC RESOLUTION; WATER ACTIVITY AB The use of enzymes coupled with supercritical fluid (SF)-based analytical techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), provides a safer environment platform for the analytical chemist and reduces the use of organic solvents. Incorporation of such techniques not only reduces the use of solvent in analytical laboratories, but it can also lead to overall method simplification and time savings. In this review, some of the fundamental aspects of using enzymes in the presence of SF media are discussed, particularly the influence of extraction (reaction) pressure, temperature, and water content of the extracting fluid and/or the sample matrix. Screening of optimal conditions for conducting reactions in the presence of SF media can be readily accomplished with automated serial or parallel SFE instrumentation, including selection of the proper enzyme. Numerous examples are cited, many based on lipase-initiated conversions of lipid substrates, to form useful analytical derivatives for gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, or SF chromatography analysis. In certain cases, enzymatic-aided processing of samples can permit the coupling of the extraction, sample preparation, and final analysis steps. The derived methods/techniques find application in nutritional food analyses, assays of industrial products, and micro analyses of specific samples. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercrit Fluids Facil, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kingjw@lanl.gov RI Turner, Charlotta/I-6045-2013 OI Turner, Charlotta/0000-0001-9466-1149 NR 136 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 797 EP 810 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 835JO UT WOS:000222479200003 PM 15295872 ER PT J AU Vargas, EA Whitaker, TB Santos, EA Slate, AB Lima, FB Franca, RCA AF Vargas, EA Whitaker, TB Santos, EA Slate, AB Lima, FB Franca, RCA TI Testing green coffee for ochratoxin A, Part I: Estimation of variance components SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SHELLED CORN; SAMPLE PREPARATION; AFLATOXIN; PEANUTS; PLANS; LOTS AB The variability associated with testing lots of green coffee beans for ochratoxin A (OTA) was investigated. Twenty-five lots of green coffee were tested for OTA contamination. The total variance associated with testing green coffee was estimated and partitioned into sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances. All variances increased with an increase in OTA concentration. Using regression analysis, mathematical expressions were developed to model the relationship between OTA concentration and the total, sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances. The expressions for these relationships were used to estimate the variance for any sample size, subsample size, and number of analyses for a specific OTA concentration. Testing a lot with 5 mug/kg OTA using a 1 kg sample, Romer RAS mill, 25 g subsamples, and liquid chromatography analysis, the total, sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances were 10.75 (coefficient of variation [CV] = 65.6%), 7.80 (CV = 55.8%), 2.84 (CV = 33.7%), and 0.11 (CV = 6.6%), respectively. The total variance for sampling, sample preparation, and analytical were 73, 26, and 1%, respectively. C1 LAV MG, Minist Agr Pecuaria & Abastecimento, Lab Controle Qualidade & Seguranca Alimentar, BR-30380090 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Minist Agr Pecuaria & Abastecimento, Dept Cafe, BR-86038000 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. RP Vargas, EA (reprint author), LAV MG, Minist Agr Pecuaria & Abastecimento, Lab Controle Qualidade & Seguranca Alimentar, Av Raja Gabaglia 245,Cidade Jardim, BR-30380090 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM gena@cdlnet.com.br NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 884 EP 891 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 835JO UT WOS:000222479200014 PM 15295883 ER PT J AU Trucksess, MW Whitaker, TB Slate, AB Williams, KM Brewer, VA Whittaker, P Heeres, JT AF Trucksess, MW Whitaker, TB Slate, AB Williams, KM Brewer, VA Whittaker, P Heeres, JT TI Variation of analytical results for peanuts in energy bars and milk chocolate SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Peanuts contain proteins that can cause severe allergic reactions in some sensitized individuals. Studies were conducted to determine the percentage of recovery by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in the analysis for peanuts in energy bars and milk chocolate and to determine the sampling, subsampling, and analytical variances associated with testing energy bars and milk chocolate for peanuts. Food products containing chocolate were selected because their composition makes sample preparation for subsampling difficult. Peanut-contaminated energy bars, noncontaminated energy bars, incurred milk chocolate containing known levels of peanuts, and peanut-free milk chocolate were used. A commercially available ELISA kit was used for analysis, The sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances associated with each step of the test procedure to measure peanut protein were determined for energy bars. The sample preparation and analytical variances were determined for milk chocolate. Variances were found to be functions of peanut concentration. Sampling and subsampling variability associated with energy bars accounted for 96.6% of the total testing variability. Subsampling variability associated with powdered milk chocolate accounted for >60% of the total testing variability. The variability among peanut test results can be reduced by increasing sample size, subsample size, and number of analyses. For energy bars the effect of increasing sample size from 1 to 4 bars, subsample size from 5 to 20 g, and number of aliquots quantified from 1 to 2 on reducing the sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variance was demonstrated. For powdered milk chocolate, the effects of increasing subsample size from 5 to 20 g and number of aliquots quantified from 1 to 2 on reducing sample preparation and analytical variances were demonstrated. This study serves as a template for application to other foods, and for extrapolation to different sizes of samples and subsamples as well as numbers of analyses. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Weaver Lab 124, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Trucksess, MW (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM mtruckse@cfsan.fda.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 943 EP 949 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 835JO UT WOS:000222479200020 PM 15295889 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB Trucksess, MW Giesbrecht, FG Slate, AB Thomas, FS AF Whitaker, TB Trucksess, MW Giesbrecht, FG Slate, AB Thomas, FS TI Evaluation of sampling plans to detect Cry9C protein in corn flour and meal SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; AFLATOXIN AB StarLink is a genetically modified corn that produces an insecticidal protein, Cry9C. Studies were conducted to determine the variability and Cry9C distribution among sample test results when Cry9C protein was estimated in a bulk lot of corn flour and meal. Emphasis was placed on measuring sampling and analytical variances associated with each step of the test procedure used to measure Cry9C in corn flour and meal. Two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used: one for the determination of Cry9C protein concentration and the other for % StarLink seed. The sampling and analytical variances associated with each step of the Cry9C test procedures were determined for flour and meal. Variances were found to be functions of Cry9C concentration, and regression equations were developed to describe the relationships. Because of the larger particle size sampling variability associated with cornmeal was about double that for corn flour. For cornmeal, the sampling variance accounted for 92.6% of the total testing variability. The observed sampling and analytical distributions were compared with the Normal distribution. In almost all comparisons, the null hypothesis that the Cry9C protein values were sampled from a Normal distribution could not be rejected at 95% confidence limits. The Normal distribution and the variance estimates were used to evaluate the performance of several Cry9C protein sampling plans for corn flour and meal. Operating characteristic curves were developed and used to demonstrate the effect of increasing sample size on reducing false positives (seller's risk) and false negatives (buyer's risk). C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US FDA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_whitaker@ncsu.edu NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 950 EP 960 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 835JO UT WOS:000222479200021 PM 15295890 ER PT J AU Ausmees, N Kobayashi, H Deakin, WJ Marie, C Krishnan, HB Broughton, WJ Perret, X AF Ausmees, N Kobayashi, H Deakin, WJ Marie, C Krishnan, HB Broughton, WJ Perret, X TI Characterization of NopP, a type III secreted effector of Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTIVAR-SPECIFIC NODULATION; FREDII USDA257; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS; SYMBIOTIC PLASMID; MOLECULAR-BASIS; PROTEINS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; LEGUMINOSARUM AB The type three secretion system (TTSS) encoded by pNGR234a, the symbiotic plasmid of Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234, is responsible for the flavonoid- and NodD1-dependent secretion of nodulation outer proteins (Nops). Abolition of secretion of all or specific Nops significantly alters the nodulation ability of NGR234 on many of its hosts. In the closely related strain Rhizobium fredii USDA257, inactivation of the TTSS modifies the host range of the mutant so that it includes the improved Glycine mar variety McCall. To assess the impact of individual TTSS-secreted proteins on symbioses with legumes, various attempts were made to identify nop genes. Amino-terminal sequencing of peptides purified from gels was used to characterize NopA, NopL, and NopX, but it failed to identify SR3, a TTSS-dependent product of USDA257. By using phage display and antibodies that recognize SR3, the corresponding protein of NGR234 was identified as NopP. NopP, like NopL, is an effector secreted by the TTSS of NGR234, and depending on the legume host, it may have a deleterious or beneficial effect on nodulation or it may have little effect. C1 Univ Geneva, LBMPS, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol, SLU, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Broughton, WJ (reprint author), Univ Geneva, LBMPS, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM william.broughton@bioveg.unige.ch OI Deakin, William James/0000-0001-9338-0791 NR 43 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 186 IS 14 BP 4774 EP 4780 DI 10.1128/JB.186.14.4774-4780.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 838QM UT WOS:000222728100037 PM 15231809 ER PT J AU Coblentz, DD Riitters, KH AF Coblentz, DD Riitters, KH TI Topographic controls on the regional-scale biodiversity of the south-western USA SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE geoecology; landscape ecology; topographic analysis; land-cover diversity; biodiversity; spatial patterns; tectonics ID SANTA CATALINA MOUNTAINS; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; MONITORING BIODIVERSITY; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; INSULAR BIOGEOGRAPHY; CONTINUUM CONCEPT; SPECIES DENSITY; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; NORTH AB Aim Topography is a fundamental geophysical observable that contains valuable information about the geodynamic, tectonic and climatic history of a region. Here, we extend the traditional uses of topographic analysis to evaluate the role played by topography in the distribution of regional-scale biodiversity in the south-western USA. An important aspect of our study is its ability to provide a way to quantify characteristics of the topographic fabric and to construct predictive models that can be used to test hypotheses that relate topography and biodiversity. Location South-western USA region of the North American Cordillera. Methods Our approach begins with a quantitative analysis of the topography and the construction of a predicted biodiversity map based on measurable topographic quantities: organization, roughness, slope aspect, grain orientation and mean elevation. We then make a quantitative comparison between the predicted and observed biodiversity, based on the assumption that land-cover diversity is a plausible measure of regional-scale biodiversity. Land-cover information used for this study was collected as part of the U.S.G.S. global land cover characteristics (GLCC) project and is derived from satellite (AVHRR) imagery. Results To a first order, the predicted regional-scale biodiversity based on our topographic model shows a good correlation with the observed biodiversity (as estimated from the land-cover diversity). Our model overestimates the biodiversity in many parts of the Colorado Plateau, Rio Grande Rift, and the low desert regions of the Southern Basin and Range, suggesting that in these provinces a biodiversity estimate based solely on topography is an over-simplification. However, much of the Madrean Archipelago and Sierra Madre provinces, which are centres of high biodiversity in this region, show excellent agreement between the observed and predicted biodiversity. Main conclusions While we acknowledge that many other factors in addition to topography have an important influence on biodiversity (particularly on a local scale), we conclude that topography plays a primary role in the regional to continental-scale biodiversity, particularly in regions characterized by insular mountain fabrics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Coblentz, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D446, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM coblentz@lanl.gov NR 62 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 49 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1125 EP 1138 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.00981.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 827NM UT WOS:000221906700008 ER PT J AU Kim, W Choi, SG Kerr, WL Johnson, JW Gaines, CS AF Kim, W Choi, SG Kerr, WL Johnson, JW Gaines, CS TI Effect of heating temperature on particle size distribution in hard and soft wheat flour SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soft wheat; hard wheat; starch; flour; particle size ID LASER DIFFRACTION; STARCH GRANULES; ENDOSPERM AB The particle sizes of soft and hard wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flours at isothermal temperatures were determined by laser diffraction analysis. Flour samples were suspended in water at temperatures ranging from 30 to 80 degreesC, for 20-60 min. All flour particles exhibited trimodal size distributions, with the particles of the first mode < 10 mum, the second mode from 10 to 40 mum, and the third mode from 41 to 300 mum. Control experiments with isolated starch and gluten indicated that the first and second modes were mainly associated with starch granules, while the third mode was related to gluten and particle clusters. Soft wheat flours showed higher volume fractions in the first and second modes, indicating more dissociated starch granules. Particle size distributions of the wheat flours were temperature dependent. At 60 degreesC, significant changes in particle size and distribution of flours were observed. This result was attributed to swelling of starch granules in response to elevated temperature. As temperature increased, the peak particle size increased. Hard wheat flours had a higher volume fraction of particles ranging above 120 mum at elevated temperature. Our results suggest that the difference in size of single particles and starchprotein aggregates, when comparing soft and hard wheat flour, is due to the strength of starch-protein interactions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Georgia Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Johnson, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Georgia Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM jjohnson@griffin.uga.edu NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2004.04.005 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 838TG UT WOS:000222735500002 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Lauzon, CR He, XD AF Robacker, DC Lauzon, CR He, XD TI Volatiles production and attractiveness to the Mexican fruit fly of Enterobacter agglomerans isolated from apple maggot and Mexican fruit flies SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attractants; Diptera; Tephritidae; Anastrepha ludens; ammonia; 3-methylbutanol; 3-hydroxybutanone; indole; solid phase microextraction (SPME) ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTANTS; AMMONIA; FERMENTATION; COMBINATIONS; METABOLITES AB We investigated two strains of uricase (+) Enterobacter agglomerans, one isolated from the apple maggot fly (AMF) and one from the Mexican fruit fly (MFF), for 1) attractiveness to MFF, and 2) production of attractive chemicals. Regarding chemicals demonstrated attractive to the MFF, the MFF bacterial strain produced more 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-phenylethanol, and indole than the AMF strain, whereas the AMF, but not the MFF strain, produced 3-hydroxybutanone. Cell types that predominated in plated subcultures varied from batch to batch resulting in variation in volatiles production, especially by the AMF strain where indole was sometimes a major component of the odor and at other times not detectable. Despite the greater production of attractive chemicals by the MFF strain, the AMF strain was consistently more attractive and the MFF strain was not different from uninoculated control plates. Statistical analyses indicated negative correlations of attractiveness with production of indole, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 2-phenylethanol, and positive correlation with 3-hydroxybutanone. Results support previous findings with the Mexican fruit fly that showed combinations of attractive chemicals sometimes are not attractive. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Biol Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1329 EP 1347 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000037743.98703.43 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 845UH UT WOS:000223270300003 PM 15503523 ER PT J AU Schulze, KJ O'Brien, KO Germain-Lee, EL Booth, SL Leonard, A Rosenstein, BJ AF Schulze, KJ O'Brien, KO Germain-Lee, EL Booth, SL Leonard, A Rosenstein, BJ TI Calcium kinetics are altered in clinically stable girls with cystic fibrosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; VITAMIN-K STATUS; BODY-MASS INDEX; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; SEX STEROIDS; IGF-I; ADULTS; METABOLISM; CHILDREN; LEPTIN AB Reduced bone mass in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) may result from alterations in calcium metabolism. Bone calcium deposition and resorption rates, calcium balance, and markers of bone turnover were assessed using stable isotopes of calcium in 22 prepubertal and pubertal girls with CF. Bone calcium deposition was associated with the availability of dietary calcium, total serum osteocalcin, and leptin concentrations. Reduced bone mass in individuals with CF may result from inadequate bone calcium (Ca) deposition, and excessive resorption, although these parameters have not been directly assessed in children with CF. We used stable Ca isotopes to measure rates of bone Ca deposition (Vo+), resorption, and retention in 22 clinically stable girls with CF(aged 7-18 yr). Rates of bone Ca deposition were determined by mathematically modeling the disappearance of iv Ca stable isotope ((42)Ca) for 6 d post dosing. Indirect markers of bone turnover and hormones associated with pubertal development were also assessed. Rates of bone Ca deposition and retention were highest during early puberty (Tanner stages 2 and 3). Calcium deposition rates in prepubertal (Tanner 1) and postmenarchal girls (Tanner stages 4 and 5) did not support substantial bone Ca retention. Net absorption of dietary Ca and serum osteocalcin and leptin concentrations were positively associated with Vo+. Time post menarche and serum leptin concentrations explained 91% of the variability in Vo+ (P=0.0007). Serum total osteocalcin was low (10.9+/-5.4 ng/ml), and a substantial percentage of osteocalcin was undercarboxylated (54.3+/-11.8%). We concluded that increased calcium absorption and serum leptin concentrations were significantly associated with rates of bone Ca deposition, demonstrating an impact of nutritional status on this process. Rates of bone Ca deposition were lower than typically reported in healthy children, as were indirect markers of bone formation. These alterations in bone turnover contribute to reduced bone mass in girls with CF. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Endocrinol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP O'Brien, KO (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St,Room W2517, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM kobrien@jhsph.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00052] NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 89 IS 7 BP 3385 EP 3391 DI 10.1210/jc.2003-031879 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 835OG UT WOS:000222492500047 PM 15240619 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR Hurd, S Calvente, L Rosenbusch, RF AF Stabel, JR Hurd, S Calvente, L Rosenbusch, RF TI Destruction of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma spp. in raw milk by a commercial on-farm high-temperature, short-time pasteurizer SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE waste milk; pasteurization; neonatal calf ID BATCH PASTEURIZATION; MAMMARY-GLAND; DAIRY CALVES; WASTE MILK; COLOSTRUM; COWS; INFECTION; HERDS; SERUM AB The 2002 NAHM's Dairy Survey indicated that 87.2% of dairy farms in the United States feed waste milk to their neonatal calves. Although cost-effective, this practice can lead to increased calf morbidity and mortality due to ingestion of pathogenic agents. In an effort to reduce the risk of infection, dairy producers are implementing on-farm pasteurization of the waste milk as a control procedure before feeding the milk to calves. In the present study, the efficacy of a commercial high-temperature, short-time (HTST) on-farm pasteurizer unit to destroy Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica spp., and Mycoplasma spp. in raw milk was evaluated. Replicate experiments were run for 3 isolates of M. paratuberculosis, 3 serovars of Salmonella (derby, dublin, typhimurium); and 4 species of Mycoplasma (bovis, californicum, canadense, serogroup 7) at 2 different levels of experimental inoculation. In addition, HTST pasteurization experiments were performed on colostrum experimentally inoculated with M. paratuberculosis. After culture of the pasteurized milk samples, no viable M. paratuberculosis, Salmonella, or Mycoplasma were recovered, regardless of species, strain, or isolate. Pasteurization of colostrum was also effective in the destruction of M. paratuberculosis but resulted in an average 25% reduction in colostral immunoglobulin. These results suggest that HTST pasteurization is effective in generating a safer product to feed to young calves. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 87 IS 7 BP 2177 EP 2183 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 833GC UT WOS:000222323800026 PM 15328232 ER PT J AU Kuhn, MT VanRaden, PM Hutchison, JL AF Kuhn, MT VanRaden, PM Hutchison, JL TI Use of early lactation days open records for genetic evaluation of cow fertility SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fertility; genetic evaluation; prediction ID DAIRY-CATTLE; YIELD; HOLSTEINS; PARAMETERS AB National genetic evaluations for cow fertility were introduced by the USDA in February, 2003. These evaluations, reported as daughter pregnancy rate, are based on days open. One requirement of the evaluation system is that lactations be at least 250 d in milk ( DIM) to be included for analysis. The objective of this research was to develop a predictor of days open, usable in genetic evaluation, to allow for earlier predicted transmitting abilities ( PTA), especially for young bulls. The final prediction equation included an overall intercept, the effects of lactation and calving ease score, the linear and quadratic effects of age at calving, and a regression on days open based on last breeding. Data used for estimation were breeding records from 4 dairy records processing centers for the years 1995 through 1998. Genetic correlations were greater than or equal to0.91 by d 130, and phenotypic means of predicted days open were in agreement with means for final days open, indicating that the predictions were phenotypically unbiased. Comparison of mean PTA based on actual and predicted days open indicated no bias in PTA, and correlations between PTA were greater than or equal to0.92 by d 130. The earlier use of data increased reliability by about 5% for sires between the ages of 4 and 5 yr. The USDA began using predicted days open for records that are at least 130 DIM in national evaluations starting November, 2003. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kuhn, MT (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mkuhn@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 87 IS 7 BP 2277 EP 2284 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 833GC UT WOS:000222323800036 PM 15328242 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM Sanders, AH Tooker, ME Miller, RH Norman, HD Kuhn, MT Wiggans, GR AF VanRaden, PM Sanders, AH Tooker, ME Miller, RH Norman, HD Kuhn, MT Wiggans, GR TI Development of a national genetic evaluation for cow fertility SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fertility; genetics ID PARAMETERS; HOLSTEINS; CATTLE AB A national fertility evaluation was developed based on pregnancy rate, which measures the percentage of nonpregnant cows becoming pregnant within each 21-d opportunity period. Data for evaluation are days open, which are calculated as date pregnant minus previous calving date. Date pregnant is determined from last reported breeding or from subsequent calving minus expected gestation length. Success or failure of last breeding can be confirmed by veterinary diagnosis or a report that the cow was sold because of infertility. Data are adjusted for parity and calving season within geographic region and time period and evaluated. Fertility records are considered complete at 250 d in milk, and lower and upper limits of 50 and 250 d are applied to days open. For calculation of genetic evaluations, days open are converted to pregnancy rate by the linear formula pregnancy rate =0.25 (233-days open). Evaluations are expressed as predicted transmitting ability for daughter pregnancy rate, and calculation is done with an animal model. Genetic correlations among several fertility measures and other evaluated traits were estimated from 3 large data sets. Correlation with days open was less for nonreturn rate than for days to first breeding, probably because nonreturn rate had lower heritability. Cow fertility was negatively correlated with yield but is a major component of longevity. Thus, recent selection for longevity may have slowed the long-term decline in fertility. Direct selection for fertility could halt or reverse the decline. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP VanRaden, PM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM paul@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 16 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 87 IS 7 BP 2285 EP 2292 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 833GC UT WOS:000222323800037 PM 15328243 ER PT J AU Miller, RH Norman, HD Wiggans, GR Wright, JR AF Miller, RH Norman, HD Wiggans, GR Wright, JR TI Relationship of test-day somatic cell score with test-day and lactation milk yields SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE somatic cell score; test-day; milk yield ID CLINICAL MASTITIS; DAIRY-CATTLE; PRODUCTION LOSSES; COUNTS; HEIFERS; COWS AB To determine the relationship of test-day (TD) somatic cell score (SCS) to TD and lactation milk yields, 1,320,590 records from Holstein first and second calvings from 1995 through 2002 were examined. All lactations had recorded yield and SCS for at least the first 4 TD. Least square analyses were conducted for yields on TD 2 through 10 within herd and cow. The model included regressions on current TD SCS and mean SCS of all previous TD with separate estimates by parity; effects for parity and calving year were included as well as regression on days in milk on TD 1. Corresponding analyses were conducted without regression on current SCS. An analysis of lactation yield was performed with a similar model and regression on all TD SCS. The SCS was highest most often on TD 1 for parity 1 (22.5%) and on TD 10 for parity 2 (18.5%). Regression of TD milk yield on mean of previous TD SCS was highest during the latter half of lactation ( maximum of -0.346 kg/SCS unit on TD 9) for parity 1 and during TD through 7 (maximum of -0.366 kg/SCS unit on TD 4) for parity 2. Regression of TD yield on current TD SCS tended to be larger for later lactation. Regression of lactation yield on TD SCS was negative and important for TD 1 through 6 for parity 1 and for all TD for parity 2. To minimize milk loss, mastitis control is most important immediately pre- and postcalving for parity 1 and throughout lactation for parity 2. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, RH (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM millerrh@juno.com NR 24 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 87 IS 7 BP 2299 EP 2306 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 833GC UT WOS:000222323800039 PM 15328245 ER PT J AU Wiggans, GR Gengler, N Wright, JR AF Wiggans, GR Gengler, N Wright, JR TI Type trait (Co)variance components for five dairy breeds SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE type trait; variance component estimation ID MODEL AB (Co)variance components were estimated for final score and 14 or 15 linear type traits for the Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Jersey, and Milking Shorthorn breeds. Appraisals from 1995 or later were used. New estimates were calculated to accommodate changes in scoring of traits and because of a change from multiplicative to additive adjustment for age and lactation stage. The adjustment method was changed for better support of the adjustment for heterogeneous variance within iteration, which was implemented in 2002. The largest changes in heritability were an increase of 0.10 for rump angle for Milking Shorthorns and a decrease of 0.11 for udder depth for Jerseys. The new estimates of (co)variance components should provide improved accuracy of type evaluations, particularly for traits that have had variance changes over time. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Gembloux Agr Univ, Anim Sci Unit, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Natl Fund Sci Res, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wiggans@aipl.arsusda.gov OI Gengler, Nicolas/0000-0002-5981-5509 NR 6 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 87 IS 7 BP 2324 EP 2330 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 833GC UT WOS:000222323800042 PM 15328248 ER PT J AU Ok, HY Park, HS Carr, WW Morris, JF Zhu, JY AF Ok, HY Park, HS Carr, WW Morris, JF Zhu, JY TI Particle-laden drop impacting on solid surfaces SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging, Marking and Printing Applications of Particle Technology CY AUG 23-26, 2003 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Particle Technol Fourm AIChE, Eastman Kodak Co DE ink-jet printing; drop impaction; interaction energy; apparent viscosity ID LIQUID DROPLETS; FLAT SURFACES AB This paper presents an experimental study of the effects of particles on spreading and retracting of a single drop impacting on a smooth surface. The results are reported for particle concentrations from 0 to 0.30, different liquids (mixtures of water and glycerin), Reynolds number from 6.1 to 2700 Weber number from 0.0084 to 180, and four different surfaces (thermal oxide coated silicon wafer, silicon wafer, 1,1,1,3,3,3, hexamethyl disilazane (HMDS) coated silicon wafer, and Teflon(R) film). Drops laden with polystyrene particles coated with calcium phosphate are observed to behave differently from pure liquids, especially on thermal oxide coated silicon wafer, which is the most hydrophilic surface studied. It was found that pure fluid viscosity is more important than apparent viscosity of the particle-laden fluid in setting the spreading and retraction. At an impact speed of 2 m/sec, the rebound behavior on the Teflon(R) surface depends on particle volume fraction. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polyner Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Halliburton Energy Serv, Duncan, OK USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Carr, WW (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polyner Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM wallace.carr@tfe.gatech.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0193-2691 EI 1532-2351 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1081/DIS-200025704 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 858LW UT WOS:000224194300007 ER PT J AU D'Amico, V Podgwaite, JD Duke, S AF D'Amico, V Podgwaite, JD Duke, S TI Biological activity of Bacillus thuringiensis and associated toxins against the Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE; VAR SAN-DIEGO; MIDGUT; CHRYSOMELIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LARVAE AB Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. tenebrionis and B. thuringiensis toxins were assayed against larval and adult Asian longhorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis (A. glabripennis). Preliminary in vitro assays showed some toxins to be active on whole midgut preparations in voltage clamp assays and in assays on brush border membrane vesicles formed from midgut epithelial cells. For in vivo tests, a commercially-available product (Novodor(R)) was incorporated into artificial diet, upon which larvae were allowed to feed ad lib. In other tests, droplets of solubilized B. thuringiensis toxins were fed to larval and adult beetles using a micropipette. None of the in vivo assays showed significant negative effects on either larvae or adults. We believe that some aspect of A. glabripennis midgut chemistry may be incompatible with toxin activation or mode of action. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NERS, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP D'Amico, V (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NERS, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. EM vdamico@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 318 EP 324 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855WT UT WOS:000224006300003 ER PT J AU Abel, CA Pollan, MC AF Abel, CA Pollan, MC TI Field resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner transformed maize to fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) and Southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) leaf feeding SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; Diatraea grandiosella; Bt; Zea mays; corn; Cry1Ab; plant resistance ID TRANSGENIC MAIZE; INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; KURSTAKI HD-1; 4 EVENTS; EARWORM; DAMAGE; TOXIN; REGISTRATION AB The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar), can cause economic damage to maize, Zea mays L., grown in the southeastern United States. Maize hybrids are commercially available that have been transformed to express insecticidal crystalline proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner. The field efficacy of seven Bt hybrids were tested for control of leaf-feeding fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer. All Bt hybrids performed better than their conventional near-isolines for control of both insects. In general, the Bt hybrids provided intermediate resistance to the fall armyworm and near immunity to the southwestern corn borer. Based on larval establishment and weights, the fall armyworm was more tolerant of the insecticidal proteins expressed by the Bt hybrids than the southwestern corn borer. There was no difference in expression of insecticidal proteins among the Bt hybrids. Bt hybrids should be advantageous for the production of maize in areas that are affected by southwestern corn borer. The moderate level of resistance in the Bt hybrids to fall armyworm should be further examined to determine if amplifying the expression of insecticidal proteins or integrating other control methods along with the use of current Bt hybrid maize is needed to protect the crop from yield reduction by this pest. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Abel, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cabel@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 325 EP 336 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855WT UT WOS:000224006300004 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Cottrell, TE Gardner, WA AF Shapiro-Ilan, DI Cottrell, TE Gardner, WA TI Trunk perimeter applications of Beauveria bassiana to suppress adult Curculio caryae (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; biological control; Curculio caryae; pecan ID PECAN WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; BLISSUS-LEUCOPTERUS; CHINCH BUG; SOIL; CONIDIA; SURVIVAL; LARVAE; DEUTEROMYCOTINA; TEMPERATURE; ANISOPLIAE AB The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), is a key pest of pecans. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, can infect this pest. Our objectives were to determine the potential of B. bassiana, to suppress emerging C. caryae adults when applied to soil around pecan tree-trunks, and to determine persistence of B. bassiana in the soil. In 2000 and 2001, B. bassiana was applied to soil in a 2 m band around pecan tree trunks. Naturally emerging C. caryae adults, caught after they crawled to the trunk, were brought to the laboratory to determine percentage mycosis. In Byron, GA, irrigation was applied to one-half of the plots, whereas, in Griffin, GA irrigation was not applied. In Byron, in both years, we observed greater fungus-induced mortality in plots that received B. bassiana without irrigation than in plots that received B. bassiana with irrigation or in the checks (with and without irrigation). In Griffin, in the year 2000, we observed higher C. caryae mortality in B. bassiana treated plots than in non-treated plots, whereas 2001 results showed no difference. Although we observed up to 95% B. bassiana-induced mortality within the first 3 d post-application, treatment effects did not persist beyond the first week post-application. Future research should focus on extending the persistence of B. bassiana suppression. Estimates of conidia production per B. bassiana infected insect yielded up to 4.2 x 10(9) suggesting some recycling might occur in the soil. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 337 EP 349 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855WT UT WOS:000224006300005 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, EW TI Production of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) in unicellular rearing trays using the host Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE automation; biological control; mass rearing; parasitoids; superparasitism ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; CRESSON HYMENOPTERA; EXOTIC PARASITE; SUPERPARASITISM; PARASITIZATION; RATIOS; AGE; DENSITIES; ARMYWORM; MATTER AB Factors that might affect parasitism rate and progeny production of Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae, were considered in this study. Hosts were Spodopteraexigua (Hubner) larvae, which were feeding gregariously on artificial diet within 270-mL unicellular rearing trays. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) parasitism and superparasitism rates increased as exposure time and parasitoid density increased, and (2) progeny production decreased as parasitoid age increased. Parasitism rate increased significantly as exposure to S. exigua larvae increased from 2 to 6 h, but not from 6 to 18 h. Superparasitism rate was not affected significantly by exposure time. Both parasitism and superparasitism rates were greatest at a density of 3 rather than 1 parental parasitoid per tray; no differences were evident between densities of 3 vs 2 or 2 vs 1 parasitoid per tray. Significantly more offspring were produced (with normal sex ratios) when parental females were inserted into rearing trays as adults rather than as pupae (in cocoons). Also, 1- to 2-d-old and 8- to 9-d-old females produced more progeny (with normal sex ratios) than 15- to 16-d-old females. This study suggests that inserting a single, mated 1- to 9-d-old C. marginiventris female into a unicellular rearing tray containing an abundance of putative hosts could limit superparasitism without seriously reducing progeny production. Partial automated rearing of C. marginiventris is possible. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ewriddick@ars.usda.gov OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 362 EP 372 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855WT UT WOS:000224006300007 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW Aldrich, JR Davis, JC AF Riddick, EW Aldrich, JR Davis, JC TI DEET repels Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) adults in laboratory bioassays SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE camphor; N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide; Harmonia axyridis; predator; repellents ID ASIAN LADY BEETLE; SEMIADALIA-UNDECIMNOTATA SCHN; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; ANTENNAL SENSILLA; INSECT REPELLENTS; NORTH-AMERICA; APHIDIDAE; HOMOPTERA; ESTABLISHMENT AB The potential of least-toxic compounds to repel adults of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was explored. Bioassays in olfactometers and Petri dishes were designed to test the hypothesis that DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) can effectively repel H. axyridis adults. A bioassay in a gamma-tube olfactometer indicated that beetles spent significantly less time in the test arm (DEET; 10, 100, and 1,000 mug) than in the control arm (hexane blank) within a 10-min time frame. A bioassay in a 3-neck bulb-tube olfactometer indicated that significantly more beetles avoided the test arm (DEET, 142 mug) than the control arm (hexane blank) within a 40-min time frame. A bioassay in a Petri dish revealed that significantly more beetles avoided filter paper disks treated with DEET (0.1 and 1.0 mg/cm(2); aged for 1 d or 5 d) than acetone (the control) within a 60-min time frame. Finally, another bioassay in a Petri dish revealed that significantly more beetles avoided filter paper strips coated with DEET/paraffin (1% or 9% mixture, aged for 1 d or 23 d) than camphor/paraffin (0.1, 1 and 9% mixtures, aged for 1 d or 23 d), or paraffin alone (the control). This investigation suggests that DEET has good potential for repelling H. axyridis adults and should be field-tested on urban structures. C1 USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, POB 5367,810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ewriddick@ars.usda.gov OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 373 EP 386 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855WT UT WOS:000224006300008 ER PT J AU Southwick, LM Willrich, MM Fouss, JL Boethel, DJ AF Southwick, LM Willrich, MM Fouss, JL Boethel, DJ TI Persistence of diflubenzuron on soybean leaves SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diflubenzuron; dimilin; soybean; insecticide persistence ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; AERIAL APPLICATION; FOLIAGE; COTTON; SOIL; FOREST; FATE AB Diflubenzuron [Dimilin(TM), N-[{(4-chlorophenyl)amino}carbonyl]-2-6-difluorobenzamide] is an insect growth regulator that is highly effective and provides residual control (up to 54 days) against velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, in Louisiana. We conducted a study to quantify the field persistence of difluben-zuron residues on soybean leaves when applied at 0.035 kg/ha, a rate used in preventive programs for velvetbean caterpillar. Day of application (day 0) concentration of the insecticide on the leaves was 206 +/- 41 ng/cm(2). By 14 days after treatment insecticide leaf coverage had decreased to about 20 ng/cm(2), where it remained for the remainder of the study. This persistent low level residue on the soybean leaves is consistent with the extended diflubenzuron efficacy toward velvetbean caterpillar that has been documented in Louisiana. C1 USDA ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Southwick, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 4115 Gourrier Ave, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM southwick@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 398 EP 406 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855WT UT WOS:000224006300010 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT Reed, JT Brown, RL AF Vogt, JT Reed, JT Brown, RL TI Temporal foraging activity of selected ant species in northern Mississippi during summer months SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis richteri; Solenopsis invicta x richteri; Tapinoma sessile; Monomorium minimum; Solenopsis molesta; Paratrechina vividula; imported fire ants; bait ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; IMPORTED FIRE ANTS; NONTARGET ANTS; CENTRAL TEXAS; FORMICIDAE; INTERFERENCE; SEASON; MIREX AB A study was conducted in northeastern Mississippi to examine temporal foraging activity of imported fire ants (Solenopsis spp.) and other common ant species that inhabit pasture and meadow. Baited vials were placed horizontally on the ground along straight-line transects (n = 21) every 3 h for 24 h periods during June-August. Vials remained on the ground for 30 min, then were quickly plugged with cotton and collected. Principal species captured in baited vials included Solenopsis spp. (black and hybrid imported fire ant) (90.6%), Solenopsis molesta (Say) (5.9%), Monomorium minumum (Buckley) (2.5%), Tapinoma sessile (Say) (0.7%), and Paratrechina vividula (Nylander) (0.3%). Imported fire ants foraged during all time periods, as did S. molesta and P. vividula. Tapinoma sessile and M. minimum slowed or ceased foraging at night. Forelius pruinosus (Roger) was captured on a single date while sampling at 1800 h. Implications for timing of bait applications against imported fire ants are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Biol COntrol Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol COntrol Pests Res Unit, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jvogt@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 444 EP 452 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855WT UT WOS:000224006300015 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Shea, PJ Borys, RR AF Fettig, CJ Shea, PJ Borys, RR TI Diurnal flight pattern of Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) in northern California SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus brevicomis; western pine beetle; Scolytidae; Pinus ponderosa; flight periodicity C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 453 EP 456 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855WT UT WOS:000224006300016 ER PT J AU Esquivel, JF AF Esquivel, JF TI Lamium amplexicaule L.-A new host record for Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; host plants; Lamium amplexicaule C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Esquivel, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM zeus@usda-apmru.tamu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 457 EP 459 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855WT UT WOS:000224006300017 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL AF Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL TI Diversity and seasonal activity of carrion beetles (Coleoptera : Silphidae) in northeastern Georgia SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Silphidae; carrion beetles; burying beetles; seasonality C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 460 EP 463 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855WT UT WOS:000224006300018 ER PT J AU Horn, S Hanula, JL AF Horn, S Hanula, JL TI A survey of cavity-nesting bees and wasps in Loblolly pine stands of the Savannah River Site, Aiken County, South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE trap nests; vespidae; megachilidae; sphecidae; cavity-nesting bees; cavity-nesting wasps C1 US Forest Serv, So Forest Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Horn, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Forest Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM shorn01@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 464 EP 469 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855WT UT WOS:000224006300019 ER PT J AU Sharpe, RR Schomberg, HH Harper, LA Endale, DM Jenkins, MB Franzluebbers, AJ AF Sharpe, RR Schomberg, HH Harper, LA Endale, DM Jenkins, MB Franzluebbers, AJ TI Ammonia volatilization from surface-applied poultry litter under conservation tillage management practices SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; NITROUS-OXIDE; BROILER LITTER; SOIL; EMISSIONS; MANURE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; CANOPY AB Land application of poultry litter can provide essential plant nutrients for crop production, but ammonia (NH3) volatilization from the litter can be detrimental to the environment. A multiseason study was conducted to quantify NH3 volatilization rates from surface-applied poultry litter under no-till and paraplowed conservation tillage managements. Litter was applied to supply 90 to 140 kg N ha(-1). Evaluation of NH3 volatilization was determined using gas concentrations and the flux-gradient gas transport technique using the momentum balance transport coefficient. Ammonia fluxes ranged from 3.3 to 24% of the total N applied during the winter and summer, respectively. Ammonia volatilization was rapid immediately after litter application and stopped within 7 to 8 d. Precipitation of 17 mm essentially halted volatilization, probably by transporting litter N into the soil matrix. Application of poultry to conservation-tilled cropland immediately before rainfall events would reduce N losses to the atmosphere but could also increase NO3 leaching and runoff to streams and rivers. C1 USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM rsharpe@uga.edu NR 36 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1183 EP 1188 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840JY UT WOS:000222855900001 PM 15254099 ER PT J AU Harper, LA Sharpe, RR Parkin, TB De Visscher, A van Cleemput, O Byers, FM AF Harper, LA Sharpe, RR Parkin, TB De Visscher, A van Cleemput, O Byers, FM TI Nitrogen cycling through swine production systems: Ammonia, dinitrogen, and nitrous oxide emissions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CORN CROP; FIELD; FLUXES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EFFLUENT; EXCHANGE; LAGOONS; SOIL AB Ammonia (NH3) emissions from animal systems have become a primary concern for all of livestock production. The purpose of this research was to establish the relationship of nitrogen (N) emissions to specific components of swine production systems and to determine accurate NH3 emission factors appropriate for the regional climate, geography, and production systems. Micrometeorological instrumentation and gas sensors were placed over two lagoons in North Carolina during 1997-1999 to obtain information for determining ammonia emissions over extended periods and without interfering with the surrounding climate. Ammonia emissions varied diurnally and seasonally and were related to lagoon ammonium concentration, acidity, temperature, and wind turbulence. Conversion of significant quantities of ammonium (NH4+) to dinitrogen gas (N-2) were measured in all lagoons with the emission rate largely dependent on NH4+ concentration. Lagoon NH4+ conversion to N-2 accounted for the largest loss component of the N entering the farm (43% as N-2); however, small amounts of N2O were emitted from the lagoon (0.1%) and from field applications (0.05%) when effluent was applied nearby. In disagreement with previous and current estimates of NH3 emissions from confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) systems, and invalidating current assumptions that most or all emissions are in the form of NH3, we found much smaller NH3 emissions from animal housing (7%), lagoons (8%), and fields (2%) using independent measurements of N transformation and transport. Nitrogen input and output in the production system were evaluated, and 95% of input N was accounted for as output N from the system. C1 USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, JPCSNRCC, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Ghent, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, Lab Appl Phys Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, JPCSNRCC, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM lharper@uga.edu RI De Visscher, Alex/B-3618-2008; OI De Visscher, Alex/0000-0002-2464-7605 NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1189 EP 1201 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840JY UT WOS:000222855900002 PM 15254100 ER PT J AU Owens, LB Bonta, JV AF Owens, LB Bonta, JV TI Reduction of nitrate leaching with haying or grazing and omission of nitrogen fertilizer SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE; PASTURE PROGRAM; GRAZED PASTURE; GRASSLAND; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; SYSTEMS; QUALITY; OXIDE AB In some high-fertility, high-stocking-density grazing systems, nitrate (NO3) leaching can be great, and ground water NO3-N concentrations can exceed maximum contaminant levels. To reduce high N leaching losses and concentrations, alternative management practices need to be used. At the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, OH, two management practices were studied with regard to reducing NO3-N concentrations in ground water. This was following a fertilized, rotational grazing management practice from which ground water NO3-N concentrations exceeded maximum contaminant levels. Using four small watersheds (each approximately I ha), rotational grazing of a grass forage without N fertilizer being applied and unfertilized grass forage removed as hay were used as alternative management practices to the previous fertilized pastures. Ground water was sampled at spring developments, which drained the watershed areas, over a 7-yr period. Peak ground water NO3-N concentrations before the 7-yr study period ranged from 13 to 25.5 mg L-1. Ground water NO3-N concentrations progressively decreased under each watershed and both management practices. Following five years of the alternative management practices, ground water NO3-N concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 3.9 mg L-1. Both grazing and haying, without N fertilizer being applied to the forage, were similarly effective in reducing the NO3-N levels in ground water. This research shows two management practices that can be effective in reducing high NO3-N concentrations resulting from high-fertility, high-stocking density grazing systems, including an option to continue grazing. C1 USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Owens, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM owens@coshocton.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1230 EP 1237 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840JY UT WOS:000222855900006 PM 15254104 ER PT J AU Wang, ZY Kelly, JM Kovar, JL AF Wang, ZY Kelly, JM Kovar, JL TI In situ dynamics of phosphorus in the rhizosphere solution of five species SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC ANION EXCRETION; SOIL SOLUTION; PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZATION; L.; AVAILABILITY; PLANTS; ROOTS; ELECTROPHORESIS; GOETHITE; EXCHANGE AB Root activity can modify the chemistry of the rhizosphere and alter phosphorus (P) availability and uptake. However, until recently, relatively little was known about the dynamics of soil solution P at the root surface because of our inability to measure in situ changes in solution P at the plant root. A mini-rhizotron experiment with corn (Zea mays L. cv. Stine 2250), soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr. cv. Pioneer 3563), cottonwood (Populus deltoids L.), smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) was conducted to measure the spatial and temporal dynamics of P in the rhizosphere solution of a fine silty, P-rich calcareous soil (solid-phase total P concentration = 62 mg kg(-1), pH = 7.68) from western Iowa. Micro-suction cups were used to collect samples of soil solution from defined segments of the rhizosphere, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine the P concentration of the soil solution. At the end of 10 d, a decreasing P concentration gradient in soil solution toward the root was observed in corn, cottonwood, and smooth brome. No clear rhizosphere effect was observed for soybean and switchgrass. Statistical analysis indicated significantly lower solution P concentrations in the rhizospheres of corn (p = 0.05), cottonwood (p = 0.01), and smooth brome (p = 0.01) compared with bulk soil solution. Results indicate that P depletion from rhizosphere soil solution depends on plant species. Under the conditions of this study, corn, cottonwood, and smooth brome were more effective in depleting solution P than soybean and switchgrass. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Res Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, ZY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Res Ecol & Management, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wangz@lincolnu.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1387 EP 1392 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840JY UT WOS:000222855900023 PM 15254121 ER PT J AU Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Veith, TL Maguire, RO Vadas, PA AF Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Veith, TL Maguire, RO Vadas, PA TI Evaluation of phosphorus transport in surface runoff from packed soil boxes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; SOUTHERN PLAINS; OVERLAND-FLOW; PLOT-SCALE; MANURE; MANAGEMENT; RELEASE; TILLAGE; CULTURE AB Evaluation of phosphorus (P) management strategies to protect water quality has largely relied on research using simulated rainfall to generate runoff from either field plots or shallow boxes packed with soil. Runoff from unmanured, grassed field plots (1 m wide X 2 m long, 3-8% slope) and bare soil boxes (0.2 m wide and 1 m long, 3% slope) was compared using rainfall simulation (75 mm h(-1)) standardized by 30-min runoff duration (rainfall averaged 55 mm for field plots and 41 non for packed boxes). Packed boxes had lower infiltration (1.2 cm) and greater runoff (2.9 cm) and erosion (542 kg ha(-1)) than field plots (3.7 cm infiltration; 1.8 cm runoff, 149 kg ha(-1) erosion), yielding greater total phosphorus (TP) losses in runoff. Despite these differences, regressions of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in runoff and Mehlich-3 soil P were consistent between field plots and packed boxes reflecting similar buffering by soils and sediments. A second experiment compared manured boxes of 5- and 25-cm depths to determine if variable hydrology based on box depth influenced P transport. Runoff properties did not differ significantly between box depths before or after broadcasting dairy, poultry, or swine manure (100 kg TP ha(-1)). Water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) from manures dominated runoff P, and translocation of manure P into soil was consistent between box types. This study reveals the practical, but limited, comparability of field plot and soil box data, highlighting soil and sediment buffering in unamended soils and manure WEP in amended soils as dominant controls of DRP transport. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kleinman, PJA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, 3702 Curtin Rd,Univ Pk, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM peter.kleinman@ars.usda.gov RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 48 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1413 EP 1423 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840JY UT WOS:000222855900026 PM 15254124 ER PT J AU Schroeder, PD Radcliffe, DE Cabrera, ML Belew, CD AF Schroeder, PD Radcliffe, DE Cabrera, ML Belew, CD TI Relationship between soil test phosphorus and phosphorus in runoff: Effects of soil series variability SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RUNOFF; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; ALUMINUM; LOSSES; GOETHITE; RAINFALL; MANURE; WATER; DEPTH; IRON AB Phosphorus loss in runoff from agricultural fields has been identified as an important contributor to eutrophication. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between phosphorus (P) in runoff from a benchmark soil (Cecil sandy loam; fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) and Mehlich III-, deionized water-, and Fe2O3-extractable soil P, and degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS). Additionally, the value of including other soil properties in P loss prediction equations was evaluated. Simulated rainfall was applied (75 mm h(-1)) to 54 1-m(2) plots installed on six fields with different soil test phosphorus (STP) levels. Runoff was collected in its entirety for 30 min and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP). Soil samples were collected from 0- to 2-, 0- to 5-, and 0- to 10-cm depths. The strongest correlation for total P and DRP occurred,Kith DPS (r(2) = 0.72). Normalizing DRP by runoff depth resulted in improved correlation with deionized water-extractable P for the 0- to 10-cm sampling depth (r(2) = 0.81). The STP levels were not different among sampling depths and analysis of the regression equations revealed that soil sampling depth had no effect on the relationship between STP and P in runoff. For all forms of P in runoff and STP measures, the relationship between STP and runoff P was much stronger when the data were split into groups based on the ratio of oxalate-extractable Fe to Al. For all forms of P in runoff and all STP methods, R-2 increased with the inclusion of oxalate-extractable Al and Fe in the regression equation. The results of this study indicate that inclusion of site-specific information about soil Al and Fe content can improve the relationship between STP and runoff P. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Natl Resources Conservat Serv, La Grange, GA 30241 USA. RP Schroeder, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 3105 Plant Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM schroeder@nstl.gov RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 NR 39 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1452 EP 1463 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840JY UT WOS:000222855900030 PM 15254128 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Kay, MA Westermann, DT AF Turner, BL Kay, MA Westermann, DT TI Colloidal phosphorus in surface runoff and water extracts from semiarid soils of the western United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; SANDY SOILS; ORTHOPHOSPHATE; BIOAVAILABILITY; INTERFERENCE; PARTICULATE; PARTICLES; PHOSPHATE; FORMS AB Colloidal particles in runoff may have an important role in P transfer from soils to waterbodies, but remain poorly understood. We investigated colloidal molybdate-reactive phosphorus (MRP) in surface runoff and water extracts of calcareous arable soils from the semiarid western United States. Colloidal MRP was determined by ultrafiltration and operationally defined as MRP associated with particles between 1 mum and 1 nm diameter, although a smaller pore-size filter (0.3 nm) was used to define the lower size limit of colloids in water extracts. In surface runoff from three calcareous soils generated by simulated sprinkler irrigation, colloidal MRP concentrations ranged between 0.16 and 3.07 muM, constituting between 11 and 56% of the MRP in the <1-mum fraction. Concentrations were strongly correlated with agronomic and environmental soil-test P concentrations for individual soils. Water extracts of a range of similar soils contained two size fractions of colloidal MRP: a larger fraction (1.0-0.2 mum) probably associated with fine clays, and a smaller fraction (3-0.3 nm) probably associated with Ca-phosphate minerals. Colloidal MRP was solubilized in the acidic medium of the colorimetric detection procedure, suggesting that a fraction of the filterable MRP in runoff from calcareous soils may not be as readily bioavailable as free phosphate in waterbodies. Our results suggest that colloidal MRP is an important but poorly understood component of P transfer in runoff from calcareous western U.S. soils and should be given greater consideration in mechanistic studies of the P transfer process. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, 106 Newell Hall,POB 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bturner@ifas.ufl.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1464 EP 1472 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840JY UT WOS:000222855900031 PM 15254129 ER PT J AU Schijven, JF Bradford, SA Yang, SH AF Schijven, JF Bradford, SA Yang, SH TI Release of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from dairy cattle manure: Physical factors SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FECAL COLIFORM RELEASE; PARVUM; WATER; INFECTION; DEPOSITS; PATTERNS; CALVES; SOIL AB Various physical factors affecting the release rate of naturally occurring Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia duodenalis cysts from dairy manure disks to sprinkled water were studied. The investigated factors included temperature (5 or 23degreesC), manure type (calf manure, a 50% calf and 50% cow manure mixture, and a 10% calf and 90% cow manure mixture), and water application method (mist or drip) and flow rate. Effluent concentrations of manure and (oo)cysts were always several orders of magnitude below their initial concentration in the manure, decreased gradually, and exhibited persistent concentration tailing. Release of manure and (oo)cysts were found to be related by a constant factor, the so-called release efficiency of (oo)cysts. A previously developed (oo)cyst release model that included these release efficiencies provided a satisfactory simulation of the observed release. An effect of temperature on the release of manure and (oo)cysts was not apparent. The manure and (oo)cyst release rates from cow manure decreased faster than those from calf manure, and (oo)cyst release efficiencies from cow manure were higher than those from calf manure. In comparison with mist application, dripping water resulted in higher release rates of manure and (oo)cysts and in higher (oo)cyst release efficiencies due to the increased mechanical forces associated with droplet impact. Mist application at a higher flow rate resulted in faster release, but did not affect the (oo)cyst release efficiencies. The data and modeling approach described herein provide insight and an enhanced ability to describe the influence of physical factors on (oo)cyst release. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Microbiol Lab Hlth Protect, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Microbiol Progeam, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Schijven, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Microbiol Lab Hlth Protect, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM jack.schijven@rivm.nl RI YANG, SHIHUI/A-6526-2008; OI YANG, SHIHUI/0000-0002-9394-9148; Schijven, Jack/0000-0002-9327-1584 NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1499 EP 1508 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840JY UT WOS:000222855900034 PM 15254132 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Griffin, TS Honeycutt, CW AF He, ZQ Griffin, TS Honeycutt, CW TI Phosphorus distribution in dairy manures SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; SWINE MANURE; ANIMAL MANURE; FORMS; FRACTIONATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The chemical composition of manure P is a key factor determining its potential bioavailability and susceptibility to runoff. The distribution of P forms in 13 dairy manures was investigated with sequential fractionation coupled with orthophosphate-releasing enzymatic hydrolysis. Among the 13 dairy manures, manure total P varied between 4100 and 18 300 mg kg(-1) dry matter (DM). Water-extractable P was the largest fraction, with inorganic phosphorus (P-i) accounting for 12 to 44% of manure total P (1400-6800 mg kg(-1)) and organic phosphorus (P-o) for 2 to 23% (130-1660 mg kg(-1)), respectively. In the NaHCO3 fraction, P-i varied between 740 and 4200 mg P kg(-1) DM (4-44% of total manure P), and P-o varied between 340 and 1550 mg P kg(-1) DM (2-27% of total manure P). In the NaOH fraction, P-i fluctuated around 200 mg P kg(-1) DM, and P-o ranged from 130 to 630 mg P kg(-1) DM. Of the enzymatically hydrolyzable P-o in the three fractions, phytate-like P dominated, measuring 26 to 605 mg kg-1 DM, whereas monoester P and DNA-like P were relatively low and less variable. Although concentrations of various P forms varied considerably, significant correlations between manure total P and certain P forms were observed. For example, H2O-extracted P-i was correlated with total manure P (R-2 = 0.62), and so was NaOH-extracted P-o (R-2 = 0.81). Data also show that the amount of P released by a single extraction with sodium acetate (100 mM, pH 5.0) was equivalent to the sum of P in all three fractions (H2O-, NaHCO3-, and NaOH. extractable P). Thus, a single extraction by sodium acetate buffer could provide an efficient evaluation of plant-available P in animal manure, while the sequential fractionation approach provides more detailed characterization of manure P. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM zhe@maine.edu OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 24 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1528 EP 1534 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840JY UT WOS:000222855900037 PM 15254135 ER PT J AU Moon, H Callahan, AM AF Moon, H Callahan, AM TI Developmental regulation of peach ACC oxidase promoter - GUS fusions in transgenic tomato fruits SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE peach ACC oxidase; promoter analysis; promoter-GUS fusions; transgenic tomato ID ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; DNA-BINDING FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FORMING ENZYME; ANTISENSE GENE; RIPENING GENE; PLANTS; CDNA; IDENTIFICATION AB A genomic DNA sequence (PpACO1) encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) from peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Loring) was isolated. It has four exons interrupted by three introns and 2.9 kb of flanking region 5' of the translational start codon. Previous work with the cDNA demonstrated that accumulation of the peach ACO message correlated with increasing amounts of ethylene synthesized by the fruit as they ripened. To identify regulatory elements in the peach ACC oxidase gene, chimeric fusions between 403, 610, 901, 1319, 2141, and 2919 bp of the 5' flanking region of the PpACO1 sequence and the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding sequence were constructed and used to transform tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum [Mill] cv. Pixie). Fruits from the various promoter lines were analysed for GUS expression by histochemical GUS staining, GUS quantitative enzyme activity determination, and measuring the relative amounts of GUS mRNA. Constructs with the smallest promoter of 403 bp had significant GUS expression in fruit, but not in other tissues, indicating the presence of a region that affects tissue-specific expression. An increase in GUS expression was observed with promoters longer than 901 bp, indicating an enhancer region between -1319 and -901. The full-length promoter of 2919 bp directed GUS expression in the green stage of fruit development, and increased GUS expression as fruit matured, indicating a regulatory region between -2919 and -2141 that controls the temporal expression of the gene in fruit. Only the full-length promoter sequence demonstrated responsiveness to ethylene. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Callahan, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM acallaha@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 55 IS 402 BP 1519 EP 1528 DI 10.1093/jxb/erh162 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 836MO UT WOS:000222560100009 PM 15208348 ER PT J AU Islam, M Doyle, MP Phatak, SC Millner, P Jiang, XP AF Islam, M Doyle, MP Phatak, SC Millner, P Jiang, XP TI Persistence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in soil and on leaf lettuce and parsley grown in fields treated with contaminated manure composts or irrigation water SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BOVINE MANURE; FOODBORNE DISEASE; DAIRY FARMS; SURVIVAL; O157-H7; PREVALENCE; SLURRY; O157H7; FECES; TYPHIMURIUM AB Outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with lettuce and other leaf crops have occurred with increasing frequency in recent years. Contaminated manure and polluted irrigation water are probable vehicles for the pathogen in many outbreaks. In this study, the occurrence and persistence of E. coli O157:H7 in soil fertilized with contaminated poultry or bovine manure composts or treated with contaminated irrigation water and on lettuce and parsley grown on these soils under natural environmental conditions was determined. Twenty-five plots, each 1.8 by 4.6 m, were used for each crop, with five treatments (one without compost, three with each of the three composts, and one without compost but treated with contaminated water) and five replication plots for each treatment. Three different types of compost, PM-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy manure compost), and NVIRO-4 (alkaline- stabilized dairy manure compost), and irrigation water were inoculated with an avirulent strain of E. coli O157:H7. Pathogen concentrations were 107 CFU/g of compost and 10(5) CFU/ml of water. Contaminated compost was applied to soil in the field as a strip at 4.5 metric tons per hectare on the day before lettuce and parsley seedlings were transplanted in late October 2002. Contaminated irrigation water was applied only once on the plants as a treatment in five plots for each crop at the rate of 2 liters per plot 3 weeks after the seedlings were transplanted. E. coli O157:H7 persisted for 154 to 217 days in soils amended with contaminated composts and was detected on lettuce and parsley for up to 77 and 177 days, respectively, after seedlings were planted. Very little difference was observed in E. coli O157:H7 persistence based on compost type alone. E. coli O157:H7 persisted longer (by >60 days) in soil covered with parsley plants than in soil from lettuce plots, which were bare after lettuce was harvested. In all cases, E. coli O157:H7 in soil, regardless of source or crop type, persisted for >5 months after application of contaminated compost or irrigation water. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Waste Pathogens Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Doyle, MP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mdoyle@uga.edu NR 37 TC 215 Z9 220 U1 3 U2 46 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1365 EP 1370 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 836MK UT WOS:000222559700006 PM 15270487 ER PT J AU Schmidt, PL O'Connor, AM McKean, JD Hurd, HS AF Schmidt, PL O'Connor, AM McKean, JD Hurd, HS TI The association between cleaning and disinfection of lairage pens and the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in swine at harvest SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MARKET SWINE; BIOFILM FORMATION; RISK-FACTORS; SLAUGHTER; PIGS; TRANSPORT; PENETRATION; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTION; PORK AB A series of four field trials were conducted to evaluate the ability of a cleaning and disinfection procedure in swine lairage pens to reduce the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in slaughtered pigs. A cleaning and disinfection procedure was applied to lairage pens at a large Midwest abattoir. Each trial consisted of a cleaned (alkaline chloride detergent) and disinfected (H2O2 plus peracetic acid sanitizer) pen (treated) and a control pen, each holding 90 to 95 pigs for 2 to 3 h before slaughter. Ileocecal lymph nodes, cecal contents, and rectal contents were collected from 45 pigs from each study pen at harvest and cultured for S. enterica. In all trials, cleaning and disinfection reduced the prevalence of S. enterica-positive floor swabs in the treated pen (P < 0.05). However, the postharvest prevalence of S. enterica-positive pigs varied between trials. In trial 1, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of S. enterica in pigs between treatment and control groups. In trials 2 and 3, the prevalence of S. enterica was higher in pigs from treated pens versus pigs from control pens (91% versus 40%, P < 0.0001, and 91% versus 24%, P < 0.0001, respectively). In trial 4, the prevalence of S. enterica was lower in pigs from treated pens compared with pigs from control pens (5% versus 42%, P < 0.0001). This study indicates that cleaning and disinfection effectively reduces the amount of culturable S. enterica in lairage pens, but the ability of cleaned and disinfected pens to reduce the prevalence of S. enterica in market-weight pigs remains inconclusive. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Schmidt, PL (reprint author), Western Univ Hlth Sic, Coll Vet Med, 309 E 2nd St, Pomona, CA 91766 USA. EM pschmidt@westernu.edu RI O'Connor, Annette/E-5591-2010 OI O'Connor, Annette/0000-0003-0604-7822 NR 29 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1384 EP 1388 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 836MK UT WOS:000222559700009 PM 15270490 ER PT J AU Lu, LG Hume, ME Pillai, SD AF Lu, LG Hume, ME Pillai, SD TI Autoinducer-2-like activity associated with foods and its interaction with food additives SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; VIBRIO-HARVEYI; IN-VITRO; STATIONARY-PHASE; ACETIC-ACID; BACTERIA; ADAPTATION AB The autoinducer-2 (AI-2) molecule produced by bacteria as part of quorum sensing is considered to be a universal inducer signal in bacteria because it reportedly influences gene expression in a variety of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The objective of this study was to determine whether selected fresh produce and processed foods have AI-2-like activity and, whether specific food additives can act as AI-2 mimics and result in AI-2-like activity. The luminescence-based response of the reporter strain Vibrio harveyi BB170 was used as the basis for determining AI-2 activity in the selected foods and food ingredients. Maximum AI-2 activity was seen on the frozen fish sample (203-fold, compared with the negative control) followed by tomato, cantaloupe, carrots, tofu, and milk samples. Interestingly, some samples were capable of inhibiting AI-2 activity. Turkey patties showed the highest inhibition (99.8% compared with the positive control) followed by chicken breast (97.5%), homemade cheeses (93.7%), beef steak (90.6%), and beef patties (84.4%). AI-2 activity was almost totally inhibited by sodium propionate. whereas sodium benzoate caused 93.3% inhibition, compared with 75% inhibition by sodium acetate. Sodium nitrate did not have any appreciable effect, even at 200 ppm. Understanding the relationships that exist between AI-2 activity on foods and the ecology of pathogens and food spoilage bacteria on foods could yield clues about factors controlling food spoilage and pathogen virulence. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Food Sci & Engn, Food Safety & Environm Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Pillai, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM spillai@poultry.tamu.edu NR 44 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1457 EP 1462 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 836MK UT WOS:000222559700020 PM 15270501 ER PT J AU Harvey, RB Droleskey, RE Sheffield, CL Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Drinnon, DLJ Ziprin, RL Scott, HM Nisbet, DJ AF Harvey, RB Droleskey, RE Sheffield, CL Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Drinnon, DLJ Ziprin, RL Scott, HM Nisbet, DJ TI Campylobacter prevalence in lactating dairy cows in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BEEF-CATTLE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; PIGS; JEJUNI; COLI; SPP.; SALMONELLA; SEROTYPES; PATHOGENS; ANIMALS AB The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal Campylobacter in lactating dairy cows from various regions of the United States. Participating commercial dairy farms were chosen at random and were part of a national survey to determine E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella prevalence in dairy cows. Farms had no previous history of Campylobacter problems. Fecal samples were collected rectally from 720 cows on farms in the northeast (four farms), in the desert southwest (three farms), and in the Pacific west (two farms). A minimum of 60 fecal samples per visit were collected from each farm. Thirty isolates were analyzed using the RiboPrinter Microbial Characterization System to obtain ribosomal RNA patterns, Twenty isolates were tentatively identified as Campylobacter jejuni, two as Campylobacter coli, three as Campylobacter spp., and five as unknown. Individual single-visit farm prevalence ranged from 0 to 10%. The disk diffusion method, employing I I antibiotics, was used to test the antibiotic sensitivities of 27 of the isolates. Eight isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics, 13 isolates were resistant to one antibiotic, and 6 were totally susceptible. Under the conditions of this study, the authors conclude that Campylobacter prevalence in lactating dairy cows in the United States is low, there is no difference in prevalence on the basis of geographical location, the predominant species is C. jejuni, and that the majority of these isolates are sensitive to antibiotics. C1 ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Area Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Harvey, RB (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Area Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM harvey@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1476 EP 1479 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 836MK UT WOS:000222559700023 PM 15270504 ER PT J AU Larsen, ST Hurd, HS McKean, JD Griffith, RW Wesley, IV AF Larsen, ST Hurd, HS McKean, JD Griffith, RW Wesley, IV TI Effect of short-term lairage on the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in cull sows SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SWINE; TIME; PIGS; TRANSPORT; INFECTION AB This study was designed to compare Salmonella enterica prevalence in sows held in a holding pen at the abattoir for approximately 2 h (hold sows) with sows slaughtered immediately after transport to the abattoir (no-hold sows). Cull sows (n = 160) were sampled from four sampling periods over 8 weeks (February to March 2002) at the abattoir. Sows originated from an integrated swine farm and were sent to a live-hog market and then to the slaughter facility. Before testing, sows entered the abattoir pen and four 100-cm(2) four-ply gauze squares were placed randomly on the pen floor for S. enterica culture. Sows were alternatively assigned to the hold or no-hold group. Samples collected from sows during slaughter were ileocecal lymph node, cecal contents, transverse colon contents, subiliac lymph node, sponge swabs of the left and right carcass section (300 cm(2)), and chopped meat. Overall, S. enterica was isolated from 44% (35 of 80) of the no-hold sows, which was significantly less (P < 0.05) than 59% (47 of 80) of the held sows. Also, no-hold sows had a lower cecal content prevalence (39%. 31 of 80) compared with that (55%, 44 of 80) of held sows (P < 0.05). S. enterica serovars isolated from no-hold sows were Brandenburg (it = 16), Derby (n = 12), Hadar (n = 8), Infantis (n = 6), Johannesburg (n = 3), 6,7:z 10-monophasic (n = 3). and Typhimurium (n = 1). S. enterica serovars isolated from held sows (n = 61 isolates) were Derby (n = 19), 6,7: z10-monophasic (it = 15), Brandenburg (n = 10), Infantis (n = 6), Hadar (n = 5), Johannesburg (n = 4), and Tennessee (n = 2). Serovars recovered from the pen were Reading (n = 6), Derby (n = 4), Uganda (n = 2), and Manhattan (n = 2). Results of this study suggest that holding pens contribute to increased S. enterica carriage in cull sows. Abattoir holding pens might be an important control point for S. enterica in the ground pork production chain. C1 ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hurd, HS (reprint author), ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM shurd@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1489 EP 1493 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 836MK UT WOS:000222559700026 PM 15270507 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Thippareddi, H AF Juneja, VK Thippareddi, H TI Control of Clostridium perfringens in a model roast beef by salts of organic acids during chilling SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BEEF; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; VEGETATIVE CELLS; TURKEY; GROWTH; HEAT; LETHALITY; BOTULINUM; PRODUCTS; COOKING AB Control of Clostridium perfringens germination and outgrowth by the following salts of organic acids, sodium lactate [Purasal(TM) S/SP (Purasal); 1.50, 3.00 and 4.80 %], sodium lactate supplemented with sodium diacetare [Purasal(TM) Opti.form(TM) (Optiform), 1.50, 3.00 and 4.80%], buffered sodium citrate [Ional(TM) (Ional), 0.75, 1.00 and 1.30]) and buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate [Ional Plus' (Ional Plus), 0.75, 1.00 and 1.30%] was evaluated during continuous chilling of a model roast beef product. Beef rounds were ground through an (1)/(8)" plate and NaCl, potato starch and potassium tetra pyrophosphate were added to final concentrations of 0.85, 0.25 and 0.20 %, respectively, and mixed. Portions (250 g) of the meat were mixed with either Purasal (1.5, 3. 0 or 4.8%), Optiform (1.5, 3.0 or 4.8%), Ional (0.75, 1.0 or 1.3%) or Ional Plus (0.75, 1.0 or 1.3%) along with a control that did not have any added antimicrobials. Each product (10 g) inoculated with C. perfringens spores (ca. 2.2 log(10) spores/g) was packaged into vacuum bags (2 in. x 3 in.), vacuum sealed, heated to 60C within I h, and subsequently chilled from 54.4C to 72C in 18 or 21 h following exponential chilling rates. Products were sampled immediately after cooking to enumerate the C. perfringens populations (spores surviving heat treatment) and subsequent to chilling (total C. perfringens populations, including spores and vegetative cells resulting from germination and outgrowth of the spores). Chilling of cooked, model ground roast beef resulted in germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores; the population densities increased by 4.13 and 4.40 log(10) CFU/g, following 18 and 21 h chill rates, respectively. Incorporation of Purasal (1.5-4.8%), Optiform (1.5-4.8%), Ional and Ional Plus (0.75-1.3%) substantially (P less than or equal to 0.05) inhibited germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores. Incorporation of antimicrobial ingredients resulted in less than or equal to 1.0 log(10) CFU/g increase of the pathogen, except for model roast beef with Ional Plus at 0.75% concentration, following 18 h chilling rate. Similar results were obtained when 21 h chilling rate was followed, with roast beef containing ingredients (at all the concentrations) resulting in either reductions or : 1.0 log(10) CFU/g growth in total C. perfringens populations, except for Purasal and Ional Plus at 1.5 and 0.75% concentrations, respectively. Use of sodium salts of organic acids in formulation of model roast beef can reduce the risk of C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth during extended chilling rates. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vkjm@arserrc.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 95 EP 108 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2004.tb00378.x PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 845EP UT WOS:000223219500002 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Fett, WF Sapers, GM AF Ukuku, DO Fett, WF Sapers, GM TI Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by native microflora of whole cantaloupe SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; MINIMALLY PROCESSED LETTUCE; TO-USE VEGETABLES; FRESH-CUT PIECES; ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE; FOODS; MICROORGANISMS; PATHOGENS; BEHAVIOR AB Fresh-cut cantaloupe has been recalled due to the possible presence of Listeria monocytogenes. Several studies have reported that naturally occurring microflora of vegetable surfaces may be antagonistic to pathogen attachment, growth or survival. To test this possibility for L. monocytogenes and cantaloupes, whole melon were treated with water, ethanol (70%) or chlorine (200 ppm) to reduce the native microflora on the melon surfaces. Treated or untreated melons were immersed in a six strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (10(7) CFU/mL) for 10 min and then allowed to dry for I h inside a biosafety cabinet followed by storage at 5, 10 and 20C for 15 days. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from the treated or untreated melons and directly inoculated with L. monocytogenes (3.48 log CFU/g) were stored under the same conditions listed above. Populations of L. monocytogenes and five classes of native microflora were investigated. Growth of L. monocytogenes in sterile or nonsterile rind and freshcut homogenates was also studied. The population of L. monocytogenes recovered from inoculated (10(3) to 10(8) CFU/mL) whole melons given no disinfection treatment or washed with water was significantly less (P < 0. 05) than that recovered from melons treated with chlorine or EtOH. In general, populations of L. monocytogenes declined on the surface of treated and untreated whole melons and on fresh-cut pieces over the 15 days storage period at the temperatures tested. However, the decline in pathogen populations was less rapid in the presence of reduced populations of native microflora. Higher populations of L. monocytogenes were attained in sterile tissue homogenates than in nonsterile homogenates. Addition of yeast and mold to sterile find homogenates was highly inhibitory to growth and survival of the pathogen. The results of this study indicate that native microflora of whole cantaloupe inhibited attachment to rind surfaces as well as survival and growth of L. monocytogenes on cantaloupe surfaces and homogenized fresh-cut pieces. Thus, L. monocytogenes recontamination of melons having a reduced level of native microflora following application of a disinfection treatment may be a food safety concern. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dukuku@arserrc.gov NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 129 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2004.tb00380.x PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 845EP UT WOS:000223219500004 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, SM AF McCaffrey, SM TI Fighting fire with education SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE communcation; public perception; wildfire; wildland-urban interface AB Better understanding is needed of what makes educational efforts most effect in increasing public support for wildfire management and mitigation efforts. Results of a mail survey of homeowners in Indine Village, Nevada, indicate that personalized contact-government or personal-is more influential depends on the type of practice involved. Notably, prescribed burning appears to have more in common with defensible space than with thinning in terms of how homeowners respond to educational efforts. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP McCaffrey, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Stn, 1033 Univ Place,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM smccaffrey@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 102 IS 5 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 831UI UT WOS:000222221400005 ER PT J AU Smith, JE Heath, LS Woodbury, PB AF Smith, JE Heath, LS Woodbury, PB TI How to estimate forest carbon for large areas from inventory data SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE climate change; sequestration ID UNITED-STATES; METHODOLOGY AB Carbon sequestration through forest growth provides a low-cost approach for meeting state and national goals to reduce net accumulations of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Total forest ecosystem carbon stocks include "pools" in live trees, standing dead trees, understory vegetation, down dead wood, forest floor, and soil. Determining the level of carbon stocks in forest ecosystems has become a concern of governments, businesses, and many organizations. This article provides examples of inventory-based calculations and identifies resources that are available for analysts and planners to develop large-scale carbon estimates consistent with totals for US forests. Estimates can be based on current regional averages classified according to region, forest type, ownership, or stand size class; on stand-level inventory data, measured or calculated; or on locally specific information, such as individual tree sizes or other data acquired from sampling a specific forest. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jsmith11@fs.fed.us OI Woodbury, Peter/0000-0003-3954-7639 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 102 IS 5 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 831UI UT WOS:000222221400007 ER PT J AU Wigdorovitz, A Mozgovoj, M Santos, MJD Parreno, V Gomez, C Perez-Filgueira, DM Trono, KG Rios, RD Franzone, PM Fernandez, F Carillo, C Babiuk, LA Escribano, JM Borca, MV AF Wigdorovitz, A Mozgovoj, M Santos, MJD Parreno, V Gomez, C Perez-Filgueira, DM Trono, KG Rios, RD Franzone, PM Fernandez, F Carillo, C Babiuk, LA Escribano, JM Borca, MV TI Protective lactogenic immunity conferred by an edible peptide vaccine to bovine rotavirus produced in transgenic plants SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS CORONAVIRUS; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN VP1; B SURFACE-ANTIGEN; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ORAL IMMUNOGENICITY; PASSIVE PROTECTION; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE AB Vaccines produced in transgenic plants constitute a promising alternative to conventional immunogens, presenting the possibility of stimulating secretory and systemic immunity against enteric pathogens when administered orally. Protection against enteric pathogens affecting newborn animals requires, in most cases, the stimulation of lactogenic immunity. Here, the group presents the development of an experimental immunogen based on expression of an immunorelevant peptide, eBRV4, of the VP4 protein of bovine rotavirus (BRV), which has been described as harbouring at least one neutralizing epitope as well as being responsible for the adsorption of the virus to epithelial cells. The eBRV4 epitope was efficiently expressed in transgenic alfalfa as a translational fusion protein with the highly stable reporter enzyme beta-glucuronidase (betaGUS), which served as a carrier, stabilized the synthesized peptide and facilitated screening for the higher expression levels in plants. Correlation of expression of the eBRV4 epitope in plants with those presenting the highest betaGUS activities was confirmed by a Western blot assay specific for the BRV peptide. The eBRV4 epitope expressed in plants was effective in inducing an anti-rotavirus antibody response in adult female mice when administered either intraperitoneally or orally and, more importantly, suckling mice born from immunized female mice were protected against oral challenge with virulent rotavirus. These results demonstrate the feasibility of inducing lactogenic immunity against an enteric pathogen using an edible vaccine produced in transgenic plants. C1 INTA Castelar, CICV, Inst Virol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. INTA Castelar, CICA, Inst Genet EA Favret, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. INIA, Dept Biotecnol, Madrid 28140, Spain. INIA, Ctr Invest Sanidad Anim, Madrid 28140, Spain. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Island Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM mborca@piadc.ars.usda.gov OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 85 BP 1825 EP 1832 DI 10.1099/vir.0.19659-0 PN 7 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 837ML UT WOS:000222639500003 PM 15218166 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Zhu, HY Gonsalves, D AF Ling, KS Zhu, HY Gonsalves, D TI Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, type member of the genus Ampelovirus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CHERRY-DISEASE; YELLOWS VIRUS; CLOSTEROVIRUS AB This study reports on the complete genome sequence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, the type member of the genus Ampelovirus. The genome is 17 919 nt in size and contains 13 open reading frames (ORFs). Previously, the sequence of 13 154 nt of the 3'-terminal of the genome was reported. The newly sequenced portion contains a 158 nt 5' UTR, a single papain-like protease and a methyltransferase-like (MT) domain, ORF1a encodes a large polypeptide with a molecular mass of 245 kDa. With a predicted + 1 frameshift, the large fusion protein generated from ORF1a/1b would produce a 306 kDa polypeptide. Phylogenetic analysis using MT domains further supports the creation of the genus Ampelovirus for mealy-bug-transmitted viruses in the family Closteroviridae. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM KLing@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 85 BP 2099 EP 2102 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80007-0 PN 7 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 837ML UT WOS:000222639500032 PM 15218195 ER PT J AU Schenck, S Crepeau, MW Wu, KK Moore, PH Yu, Q Ming, R AF Schenck, S Crepeau, MW Wu, KK Moore, PH Yu, Q Ming, R TI Genetic diversity and relationships in native Hawaiian Saccharum officinarum sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article AB Commercial sugarcane hybrid cultivars currently in production are high-yielding, disease-resistant, millable canes and are the result of years of breeding work. In Hawaii, these commercial hybrids are quite distinct from many Saccharum officinarum canes still in existence that were brought to the islands and cultivated by the native Polynesians. The actual genetic relationships among the native canes and the extent to which they contributed to the commercial hybrid germplasm has been the subject of speculation over the years. Genetic analysis of 43 presumed native Hawaiian S. officinarum clones using 228 DNA markers confirmed them to be a group distinct from the modern hybrid cultivars. The resulting dendrogram tended to confirm that there were several separate S. officinarum introductions that, owing to selections of somatic mutations, diverged into a number of cluster groups. When the "Sandwich Isles" were discovered by Captain James Cook in 1778, the Hawaiians were found to be growing sugarcane, S. officinarum ( Cook 1785). Sugarcane (ko, in the Hawaiian language) appeared in a variety of stalk and leaf colors, often with stripes (the "ribbon canes"). In the interest of preserving this historic germplasm, a collection was assembled in the 1920s by Edward L. Caum of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association and W. W. G. Moir of American Factors. Histories and descriptions of the canes were reported by Moir (1932). C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Schenck, S (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM sschenck@harc-hspa.com NR 19 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 95 IS 4 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1093/jhered/esh052 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 838RB UT WOS:000222729700007 PM 15247312 ER PT J AU Roh, MS Joung, YH AF Roh, MS Joung, YH TI Inflorescence development in an Ornithogalum dubium hybrid as influenced by bulb temperature treatments SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER STATUS; ARABICUM-L; NMR; VISUALIZATION; STORAGE; BUDS AB Ornithogalum dubium hybrid 327 clone 2 ('327-2') bulbs were stored dry at 10degrees, 16degrees, 22degrees, 28degrees, and 35degreesC for six weeks after harvest. After storage, bulbs were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain the spin-lattice relaxation time (T-1) profile across the transverse section of intact bulbs, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe inflorescence development, and by forcing in a 18.5degrees/18degreesC greenhouse to observe growth and flowering responses. Bulbs treated at 10degreesC had the shortest T-1 (0.33 ms) through the bulb which is largely composed of scales. Leaf emergence from bulbs treated at 10degreesC was delayed, and plants failed to flower. This indicated that bulbs were dormant and dormancy was not broken, thus delaying initiation of floral organs. Bulbs treated at 22degreesC and 28degreesC formed the primary inflorescence with several florets. At the base of the primary scape of bulbs treated at 22degreesC, a vegetative apex was observed by both MRI and SEM. In the centre of bulbs where both leaves and floral organs were present, T-1 was longer than that of the scales. This suggests that dormancy in the scales was broken and the leaves and scape were ready to emerge. Flowering was fastest when bulbs were treated at 22degreesC. The number of florets was the highest (16.0 florets) and fewest (12.6 florets) when bulbs were treated at 22degreesC and 35degreesC, respectively. Ornithogalum dubium bulbs stored at 25degrees and 30degreesC for six weeks flowered from 14 and 17 bulbs, respectively, out of 22 and flowered earlier than when stored either at lower or high temperatures. The response obtained O. dubium '327-2' hybrid was attributed to its pedigree involving O. dubium. Due to its non-destructive nature, MRI can be used to observe inflorescence development inside the bulbs during bulb storage and possibly to study the state of dormancy. C1 USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rohm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 79 IS 4 BP 576 EP 581 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 843AO UT WOS:000223046800012 ER PT J AU Roh, MS Bentz, JA Wang, P Li, EC Koshioka, M AF Roh, MS Bentz, JA Wang, P Li, EC Koshioka, M TI Maturity and temperature stratification affect the germination of Styrax japonicus seeds SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN SEEDS; FREE-WATER; NMR; MATURATION; DORMANCY; BUDS AB The effect of seed maturity, warm (18degreesC) or cold (5.5degreesC) temperature, and gibberellic acid (GA(3)) on Styrax japonicus seed germination was investigated. Morphological changes during fruit development were observed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to correlate changes in germination behaviour with time. Internal structures of fruits were identified using MRI, which showed tissues that contained water with different mobility in early growth stages. In the pericarp, the seed coat, and the endosperm of fruits harvested 17 weeks after anthesis, spin-lattice relaxation time T-1 decreased with maturation of the fruits. This finding indicated the termination of the physiological role of the pericarp due to a loss of free water, and of water that existed in bound form in the endosperm and the cotyledons as seeds became dry. Magnetic resonance images of Styrax japonicus 'Pink Chime' fruits harvested 11 weeks after anthesis showed the formation of cotyledons and endosperm. Fruits were fully developed when harvested 13-15 weeks after anthesis. S. japonicus fruits harvested 12 weeks (1999) and 16 weeks (2000) after anthesis were fully developed and matured, and responded to germination-promoting treatments. To ensure good germination, or higher than 80%, seeds should be harvested 12-16 weeks after anthesis, and should be treated with one month of warm stratification (WS) followed by two months of cold stratification (CS). ne maximum percent germination was 98%, after two months of WS followed by three months of CS, which is significantly higher than the percentage previously reported. C1 USDA ARS, USNA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Howard Univ, Univ Hosp, Radiol Dept, Washington, DC USA. Natl Inst Floricultural Sci, Natl Agr Res Org, Dept Genet & Plant Physiol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, USNA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rohm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 79 IS 4 BP 645 EP 651 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 843AO UT WOS:000223046800024 ER PT J AU Walter, MT McCool, DK King, LG Molnau, M Campbell, GS AF Walter, MT McCool, DK King, LG Molnau, M Campbell, GS TI Simple snowdrift model for distributed hydrological modeling SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE snowdrifts; three-dimensional models; snowmelt; hydrologic models ID BLOWING SNOW MODEL; COMPLEX TERRAIN; RUNOFF MODEL; ENERGY; RADIATION; TRANSPORT; COVER; MASS; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY AB A simple snowdrift model was developed, incorporated into a distributed winter-time hydrological model, and tested against snow measurements from a hillside in eastern Washington State. Snow movement can be an important factor in the distribution of spring soil moisture and runoff. Although current hydrological models often attempt to account for heterogeneities in precipitation distribution, they do not account for snowdrift. Snow melts and accumulates during the same times that it is redistributed. Therefore, evaluation required a snowmelt/accumulation model to be coupled with the snowdrift model. The snowmelt/accumulation model used the standard energy balance approach and performed well, i.e., standard errors of snow water equivalent similar or equal to1 cm. The snowdrift model's simulated snow distribution generally agreed with observed snow distribution across a hill. Most notable were the model's ability to correctly place a snowdrift on the lee side of the hill and its ability to predict snow removal from nondrift areas. The effects of snow redistribution and the model's ability to reproduce these were obvious when overlaid on model results that ignored snowdrift. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Biosyst Engn Dept, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Walter, MT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mtw5@cornell.edu; dkmccool@wsu.edu NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2004)9:4(280) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 832EN UT WOS:000222250100005 ER PT J AU Shapiro, AM Becnel, JJ White, SE AF Shapiro, AM Becnel, JJ White, SE TI A nucleopolyhedrovirus from Uranotaenia sapphirina (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Uranotaenia sapphirina; mosquito viral pathogens; nuclepolyhedrosis; cypovirus; dual viral infections; Uranotaenia lowii ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS; CULEX NIGRIPALPUS; BACULOVIRUS; LOUISIANA AB In this report we present data on biology, gross pathology, ultrastructure, and host range studies of a naturally occurring nucleopolyhedrovirus from the mosquito Uranotaenia sapphirina (UrsaNPV). Development of this virus was restricted to nuclei of epithelial cells in posterior midgut and distal gastric caecum. Occlusion bodies contained numerous singly enveloped rod-shaped virions. Early occlusion bodies were irregularly shaped and seemed to subsequently coalesce to form larger polyhedra. Mature occlusion bodies had a unique dumbbell shape, and lacked a polyhedron envelope and crystalline structure. Developmental and structural features of UrsaNPV were generally similar to other mosquito NPVs, with major differences in occlusion body shape and size. Transmission tests showed that only members of Uranotaenia (Ur. sapphirina and Ur. lowii) were susceptible to this virus. Transmission was facilitated by magnesium. Field collected Ur. sapphirina larvae had a relatively high rate of dual infections with UrsaNPV and UrsaCPV (cypovirus). (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Shapiro, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM sshapiro@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 86 IS 3 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2004.04.005 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 841SA UT WOS:000222950500005 PM 15261773 ER PT J AU Pfannenstiel, RS Szymanski, M Lacey, LA Brunner, JF Spence, K AF Pfannenstiel, RS Szymanski, M Lacey, LA Brunner, JF Spence, K TI Discovery of a granulovirus of Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae), a leafroller pest of apples in Washington SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pandemis pyrusana; granulovirus; leafroller AB Pandemis pyrusana (Kearfott) is an important leafroller pest of apples in Washington. Surveys for natural enemies discovered a pathogen infecting Pandemis leafrollers in an apple orchard in central Washington. The pathogen was propagated in the laboratory and light microscopy using an azan stain demonstrated that it infected fat body, epidermis, and tracheal matrix cells. The virus was identified morphologically as a granulovirus using electron microscopy and designated PpGV. Rates of infection were determined for each generation in an apple orchard for three years. Infection rates were variable and ranged from 2.6 to 67% of individuals collected from each generation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Pfannenstiel, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, BIRU, SARC, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM rpfannenstiel@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 86 IS 3 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2004.05.001 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 841SA UT WOS:000222950500009 PM 15261777 ER PT J AU Howell, TA Evett, SR Tolk, JA Schneider, AD AF Howell, TA Evett, SR Tolk, JA Schneider, AD TI Evapotranspiration of full-, deficit-irrigated, and dryland cotton on the northern Texas high plains SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE crops; crop yield; evapotranspiration; soil water; Texas; agriculture ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; CROP COEFFICIENTS; SOIL-WATER; WINTER-WHEAT; LINT YIELD; CALIBRATION; LYSIMETERS; SORGHUM AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is beginning to be produced on the Northern Texas High Plains as a lower water-requiring crop while producing an acceptable profit. Cotton is a warm season, perennial species produced like an annual yet it requires a delicate balance of water and water deficit controls to most effectively produce high yields in this thermally limited environment. This study measured the water use of cotton in fully irrigated, deficiently irrigated, and dryland regimes in a Northern Texas High Plains environment using precision weighing lysimeters in 2000 and 2001. A lateral-move sprinkler system was used to irrigate the fields. The water use data were used to develop crop coefficient data and compared with the FAO-56 method for estimating crop water use. Cotton yield, water use, and water use efficiency was found to be as good in this region as other more noted cotton regions. FAO-56 evapotranspiration prediction procedures performed better for the more fully irrigated treatments in this environment. C1 USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP USDA ARS, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM tahowell@cprl.ars.usda.gov; srevett@cpri.ars.usda.gov; jtolk@cpri.ars.usda.gov; adschneid@aol.com NR 32 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 15 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 EI 1943-4774 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 4 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2004)130:4(277) PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 843IN UT WOS:000223072100003 ER PT J AU Skaggs, TH Trout, TJ Simunek, J Shouse, PJ AF Skaggs, TH Trout, TJ Simunek, J Shouse, PJ TI Comparison of HYDRUS-2D simulations of drip irrigation with experimental observations SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE trickle irrigation; subirrigation; soil water movernent; computer models; simulation ID TRICKLE IRRIGATION AB Realizing the full potential of drip irrigation technology requires optimizing the operational parameters that are available to irrigators, such as the frequency, rate, and duration of water application and the placement of drip tubing. Numerical simulation is a fast and inexpensive approach to studying optimal management practices. Unfortunately, little work has been done to investigate the accuracy of numerical simulations, leading some to question the usefulness of simulation as a research and design tool. In this study, we compare HYDRUS-2D simulations of drip irrigation with experimental data. A Hanford sandy loam soil was irrigated using thin-walled drip tubing installed at a depth of 6 cm. Three trials (20, 40, and 60 L(.)m(-1) applied water) were carried out. At the end of each irrigation and approximately 24 h later, the water content distribution in the soil was determined by gravimetric sampling. The HYDRUS-2D predictions of the water content distribution are found to be in very good agreement with the data. The results support the use of HYDRUS-2D as a tool for investigating and designing drip irrigation management practices. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM tskaggs@ussl.ars.usda.gov; ttrout@fresno.ars.usda.gov; jsimunek@ussl.ars.usda.gov; pshouse@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 7 TC 111 Z9 134 U1 8 U2 40 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 4 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2004)130:4(304) PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 843IN UT WOS:000223072100006 ER PT J AU Barnard, DR Xue, RD AF Barnard, DR Xue, RD TI Laboratory evaluation of mosquito repellents against Aedes albopictus, Culex nigripalpus, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE personal protection; bioassay; synthetic repellent; natural repellent ID ANOPHELES; EFFICACY; VECTORS AB Four synthetic mosquito repellents (Autan [ 10% KBR3023], IR3535 [ 7.5%], Off. [ 15% deet], Skinsations [7% deet]) and eight natural (primarily plant extracts and/or essential oils) product-based repellents (Bite Blocker [2% soybean oil], ByGone, GonE!, Natrapel [10% citronella], Neem Aura, Sunswat, MosquitoSafe [25% geraniol], and Repel [26% p-menthane-3,8-diol]) were tested in the laboratory against Aedes albopictus Skuse, Culex nigripalpus Theobald, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say). When estimated mean protection time (eMPT) responses for each repellent were averaged for all three mosquito species, Autan, Bite Blocker, Off., and Repel prevented biting for greater than or equal to7.2 h; IR3535, MosquitoSafe, and Skinsations for 3.2-4.8 h; and ByGone, Natrapel, GonE, NeemAura, and SunSwat for 0.9-2.3 h. Against Ae. albopictus, the eMPT for Off! and Repel exceeded 7.0 h and ranged from 5.0 to 5.7 h for Autan, Bite Blocker, and Skinsations. Bygone, GonE, NeemAura, and SunSwat provided 0.2 h protection against Ae. albopictus and Oc. triseriatus, whereas Autan, Bite Blocker, Off., and Repel prevented bites by Oc. triseriatus for greater than or equal to7.3 h. All 12 repellents provided an eMPT greater than or equal to2.8 h against Cx. nigripalpus (maximum: 8.5 h for Bite Blocker). When the average eMPT for each repellent (for all species) was divided by the eMPT for 7% deet (Skinsations), the order of repellent effectiveness and the corresponding repellency index (R-i) was Repel (1.7) > Bite Blocker (1.5) = Autan (1.5) = Off! (1.5) > Skinsations (1.0) > IR3535 (0.8) > MosquitoSafe (0.6) > Natrapel (0.5) > Neem Aura (0.3) = SunSwat (0.3) = Bygone (0.3) > GonE (0.2). C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Barnard, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM dbarnard@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 28 TC 108 Z9 128 U1 6 U2 33 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 726 EP 730 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.4.726 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 841AN UT WOS:000222901800027 PM 15311467 ER PT J AU Poels, J Van Loy, T Franssens, V Detheux, M Nachman, RJ Oonk, HB Akerman, KE Vassart, G Parmentier, M De Loof, A Torfs, H Vanden Broeck, J AF Poels, J Van Loy, T Franssens, V Detheux, M Nachman, RJ Oonk, HB Akerman, KE Vassart, G Parmentier, M De Loof, A Torfs, H Vanden Broeck, J TI Substitution of conserved glycine residue by alanine in natural and synthetic neuropeptide ligands causes partial agonism at the stomoxytachykinin receptor SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE G protein-coupled receptor; insect; neuropeptide; partial agonism; tachykinin ID TACHYKININ-RELATED PEPTIDES; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; NK1 RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; DROSOPHILA; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; CLONING; SEQUENCE; APLYSIA AB A few naturally occurring insect tachykinin-related peptides, such as stomoxytachykinin (Stc-TK), contain an Ala-residue instead of the highly conserved Gly-residue that is present in most other members of this peptide family. Stc-TK is a potent, partial agonist of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) tachykinin receptor, STKR. By means of synthetic analogues, the Gly/Ala exchange, representing the addition of a single methyl group in the active core region of these peptides, was shown to be fully responsible for the generation of this partial agonism, which was also accompanied by an increase in agonistic potency. Surprisingly, this Ala-dependent reduction in maximal response levels was only observed for the agonist-induced cellular calcium rise. Stomoxytachykinin, Stc-TK, did not display partial agonism for the STKR-mediated cyclic AMP response. A possible explanation for this differential partial agonism is that the Gly-containing and Ala-replaced peptides recognize and stabilize active receptor conformations that differ in their functional coupling efficacies towards these response pathways. Drosotachykinins, Drm-TK, tachykinin-like peptides encoded in the fruit fly genome, were shown to be STKR-agonists. Interestingly, one of these peptides, which contains an Ala-residue instead of the conserved Gly-residue, also proved to be a potent, partial agonist for STKR. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Zool, Lab Dev Physiol Genom & Proteom, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. ULB, IRIBHM, Brussels, Belgium. ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. ID DLO Inst Anim Sci & Hlth, Dept Mol Recognit, Lelystad, Netherlands. Uppsala Univ, Ctr Biomed, Dept Physiol, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Vanden Broeck, J (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Zool, Lab Dev Physiol Genom & Proteom, Naamsestr 59, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. EM Jozef.VandenBroeck@bio.kuleuven.ac.be OI Parmentier, Marc/0000-0001-8081-4685 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 90 IS 2 BP 472 EP 478 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02506.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 834PC UT WOS:000222422000021 PM 15228603 ER PT J AU Huh, EC Hotchkiss, A Brouillette, J Glahn, RP AF Huh, EC Hotchkiss, A Brouillette, J Glahn, RP TI Carbohydrate fractions from cooked fish promote iron uptake by Caco-2 cells SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE meat factor; iron; in vitro digestion; Caco-2 cells; oligosaccharides ID IN-VITRO DIGESTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GASTRIC-ACID SECRETION; NONHEME IRON; CULTURE MODEL; ASCORBIC-ACID; FOOD IRON; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ANIMAL PROTEINS; PROTEOLYTIC DIGESTION AB The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the meat factor(s) that enhances nonheme iron bioavailability using various analytical and in vitro cell culture techniques. Nonheme iron bioavailability was measured via radiolabeled iron uptake or ferritin formation in Caco-2 cells. Fish haddock fillet was cooked and lyophilized to be used as the muscle tissue of choice because of its low intrinsic iron content. It was demonstrated that the low pH of the stomach (pH 2.0) was the primary factor responsible for initiating the enhancing effect of fish on nonheme iron uptake. Subsequently, cooked fish samples were titrated with HCl to pH 2.0 and incubated for 1 h without digestive enzymes to release the factor(s) from the fish. The supernatant of this acidic digest was then used as a starting material for the meat factor isolation procedures. Fractions generated through Sephadex G-25 size exclusion increased Caco-2 cell iron uptake approximately 9-fold. Subsequent chromatography of these fractions via C18 reverse-phase HPLC were conducted, and enhancing activity was observed only in the "injection peak." This observation coupled with protein measurement and amino acid composition analysis revealed that the active fractions contained negligible amounts of proteins or amino acids. Active fractions were highly enriched with carbohydrates. Subsequent chromatography via high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection yielded 3 active peaks that increased Caco-2 cell iron uptake 3.4- to 4.9-fold. Our results indicate that specific carbohydrates contribute to the enhancing effect of meat on iron uptake by the enterocyte. These carbohydrates may be oligosaccharicles originating from glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix of muscle tissue. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Glahn, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rpg3@cornell.edu NR 61 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 134 IS 7 BP 1681 EP 1689 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 836UP UT WOS:000222581600003 PM 15226454 ER PT J AU Andree, KB Kim, J Kirschke, CP Gregg, JP Paik, HY Joung, H Woodhouse, L King, JC Huang, LP AF Andree, KB Kim, J Kirschke, CP Gregg, JP Paik, HY Joung, H Woodhouse, L King, JC Huang, LP TI Investigation of lymphocyte gene expression for use as biomarkers for zinc status in humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE zinc transporter; zinc supplementation; quantitative RT-PCR; microarray; humans ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MTF-1; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; ACRODERMATITIS-ENTEROPATHICA; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CONFERS RESISTANCE; SYNAPTIC VESICLES; IMMUNE FUNCTION; DIETARY ZINC; DNA-REPAIR; CELL-LINE AB A bioassay for zinc status in humans has been sought due to the importance of zinc, an essential trace metal, for many divergent functions in the human body; however, a sensitive bioassay for zinc status in humans is lacking. To address this issue, we established gene expression profiles of human lymphoblastoid cells treated with 0 or 30 mumol/L ZnSO4 using microarray technology. A limited number of genes were responsive to 30 mumol/L zinc based on the analysis of Affymetrix human genome U133A GeneChips. We also examined the gene expression patterns of zinc transporters in human lymphoblastoid cells using quantitative RT-PCR analysis. ZNT1 was upregulated in lymphoblastoid cells, whereas ZIP1 was downregulated in response to the increased zinc concentrations in the culture media. To evaluate the potential applications of using both zinc transporter genes as biomarkers of zinc status, we measured the expression levels of ZIP1 and ZNT1 in the peripheral leukocytes collected from 2 different age groups of Korean women. After administration of a zinc supplement (22 mg zinc gluconate/d for 27 d), ZIP1 expression decreased by 17% (P < 0.01) and 21% (P < 0.05) in the peripheral leukocytes collected from 15 young (20-25 y) and 10 elderly (64-75 y) subjects, respectively. ZNT1 expression was not affected by taking the zinc supplement. These data suggest a potential application of ZIP1 as a biomarker of zinc status in humans. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Med Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Seoul, South Korea. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Div Nutrit Genomics, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM lhuang@whnrc.usda.gov RI Andree, Karl/L-7465-2014 OI Andree, Karl/0000-0001-6564-0015 NR 61 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 134 IS 7 BP 1716 EP 1723 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 836UP UT WOS:000222581600008 PM 15226459 ER PT J AU Foote, JA Murphy, SP Wilkens, LR Basiotis, PP Carlson, A AF Foote, JA Murphy, SP Wilkens, LR Basiotis, PP Carlson, A TI Dietary variety increases the probability of nutrient adequacy among adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary variety; nutrient adequacy; food group servings; CSFII 1994-1996 ID QUALITY; SCORE AB Despite guidance to consume a variety of foods, the role of dietary variety in ensuring nutrient adequacy is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether a commodity-based measure of dietary variety was associated with the probability of nutrient adequacy after adjusting for energy and food group intakes. Subjects were 4969 men and 4800 women greater than or equal to 19 y old who participated in the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes for Individuals 1994-1996. Using 24-h recall data, the mean probability of adequacy across 15 nutrients was calculated using the Dietary Reference Intakes. Dietary variety was defined using a commodity-based method similar to that used for the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Associations were examined in gender-specific multivariate regression models. Energy intake was a strong predictor of the mean probability of adequacy in models controlled for age, BMI, education level, and ethnicity (model R-2 = 0.60 and 0.54 for men and women, respectively). Adding the number of servings from each of the 5 Food Guide Pyramid (FGP) groups to the models significantly improved the model fit (R-2 = 0.69 and 0.66 for men and women). Adding dietary variety again significantly improved the model fit for both men and women (R-2 = 0.73 and 0.70, respectively). Variety counts within the dairy and grain groups were most strongly associated with improved nutrient adequacy. Dietary variety as defined by the HEI contributes an additional component of dietary quality that is not captured by FGP servings or energy intake. C1 Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Carlson, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM suzanne@crch.hawaii.edu NR 26 TC 110 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 134 IS 7 BP 1779 EP 1785 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 836UP UT WOS:000222581600018 PM 15226469 ER PT J AU Mishaan, AMA Zavaleta, N Griffin, IJ Hilmers, DC Hawthorne, KM Abrams, SA AF Mishaan, AMA Zavaleta, N Griffin, IJ Hilmers, DC Hawthorne, KM Abrams, SA TI Bioavailability of iron and zinc from a multiple micronutrient-fortified beverage SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN PRESCHOOLERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ABSORPTION; SUPPLEMENTATION; FORTIFICATION; MALNUTRITION; HEMOGLOBIN; SPRINKLES; INFANTS; ANEMIA AB Objective To test the hypothesis that micronutrient beverages can provide the daily iron and zinc needs of small children. Study design Forty children aged 6 to 9 years were recruited (Lima, Peru). For 4 weeks, they received a daily serving of a beverage containing multiple micronutrients. Over 2 consecutive days, subjects received stable isotope-labeled servings of the beverage with and without a meal as well as an intravenous dose of zinc. Iron and zinc bioavailability were assessed using mass spectrometry. Results iron absorption was significantly lower with a meal than without (9.8 +/- 6.7% versus 11.6 +/- 6.9%, P = .04), but zinc absorption was not (24.5 +/- 10.7% versus 22.8 +/- 7.6%, P = .2). In either case, however, a single daily serving provided most of,. the iron and zinc requirements for the children. Conclusions Single daily servings of multinutrient-fortified beverages can meet much of the mineral needs for small children. Food has a small inhibitory effect on iron, but not zinc, absorption; therefore, these beverages can be efficacious even when given with a meal. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Infect Dis Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Acad Pediat, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Inst Invest Nutric, Lima, Peru. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.tmc.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 145 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.02.031 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 838UJ UT WOS:000222738500019 PM 15238902 ER PT J AU Hadidi, A Czosnek, H Barba, M AF Hadidi, A Czosnek, H Barba, M TI DNA microarrays and their potential applications for the detection of plant viruses, viroids, and phytoplasmas SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE arrays; cDNA microarrays; detection; diagnostics; DNA chip; DNA macroarrays; DNA microarrays; GeneChip; gene expression; high-density arrays; hybridization; identification; low-density arrays; microarrays; oligo-chip; oligonucleotide microarrays; PCR; phytoplasmas; viroids; viruses ID EXPRESSION PATTERNS; APPLE PROLIFERATION; ARRAYS; GENES; AMPLIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB DNA microarrays were first described in 1995 for simultaneous analysis of a large-scale gene expression patterns. Since then, they have moved to center stage in many areas of biological research and now assuming an increasingly important role in diagnostics, genomics, pharmacology, cancer and other biomedical research, among others. In this article, we discuss the scientific background and principle of microarrays; describe their types, several technical steps needed for obtaining microarray data, and their current applications. The potential applications of DNA microarrays in detection and identification of plant pathogens, especially viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas are presented. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Otto Warburg Ctr Biotechnol Agr, Fac Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Ist Sperimentale Patol Vegetale, I-00156 Rome, Italy. RP Hadidi, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ahadidi@yahoo.com NR 54 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 86 IS 2 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 843BB UT WOS:000223048700001 ER PT J AU Valiunas, D Alminaite, A Jomantiene, R Davis, RE Maas, JL AF Valiunas, D Alminaite, A Jomantiene, R Davis, RE Maas, JL TI Possible cause of European blueberry disease is related to North American milkweed yellows phytoplasma SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detection; identification; phytopathogenic mollicutes; phylogeny; Vaccinium ID MYCOPLASMA-LIKE ORGANISMS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; VACCINIUM-MYRTILLUS; CLASSIFICATION; PLANTS; LITHUANIA; CRANBERRY; STUNT; RDNA AB A phytoplasma lineage previously found in Germany and North America was identified in diseased plants of wild European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) exhibiting symptoms of shoot proliferation in Lithuania. On the basis of RFLP and nucleotide sequence analyses of 16S rDNA, the phytoplasma (strain VAC-L) was classified in the group 16SrIII (X-disease phytoplasma group), subgroup E Phylogenetic analysis based on 16SrRNA gene sequences confirmed that the VAC-L phytoplasma is closely related to phytoplasma strain VAC from diseased, cultivated blueberry in Germany and to North American milkweed yellows phytoplasma strain MW1, both of which are classified in subgroup III-E The results extend the known geographic range of phytoplasmal diseases in blueberry, and raise questions concerning intercontinental movement of subgroup III-F strains and their potential to infect cultivated Vaccinium spp. in North America. C1 Inst Bot, Microbial Mol Biol Unit, Lab Plant Viruses, Inst Bot, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jomantiene, R (reprint author), Inst Bot, Microbial Mol Biol Unit, Lab Plant Viruses, Inst Bot, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM jomantir@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 86 IS 2 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 843BB UT WOS:000223048700005 ER EF